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Yao Y, Tang J, Li Z, Chen S, Du H, Lu L. Social Support and Psychological Capital Mediate the Effect of Personalities on the Mental Health of Professional Staff in China During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:3443-3453. [PMID: 39385810 PMCID: PMC11463178 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s475165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective COVID-19-related lockdown can lead to mental health problem, which displays heterogeneous between individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the association between mental health, social support and psychological capital state of professional staff with different personalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A cross-section study was conducted via online survey using the questionnaires of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revision Short Scale of China (EPQ-RSC). A total of 626 employees were included. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of psychological capital, perceived social support, EPQ-N and EPQ-E and their interactions in general mental health. Results About 2.7% of professionals had mental health. The married had a higher mental health score than the single (P<0.05). The regular exercising workers had the lowest mental health score (P<0.05), and higher psychological capital and social support scores than the non-exercising ones (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between social support, psychological capital and neuroticism was statistically significant (β=-0.161, P<0.001) in general mental health with neuroticism ranking the top (β=0.352, P<0.001). Mediation analysis showed that social support modified the effect of psychological capital on mental health, accounting for 25.5% of the total effect, and that both social support and psychological capital mediated the effect of neuroticism or extroversion differentially on mental health. Conclusion Neuroticism is an influencing factor on mental health of professional staff. Social support and psychological capital played a partial mediating role in the effect of neuroticism or extroversion differentially on mental health in China. The findings suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, more social support and psychological capital are needed for the professional individuals with neuroticism to alleviate their stress and improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jie Tang
- Library, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Akter M, Nurunnahar, Ullah MS, Meetei MZ, Zaagan AA, Mahnashi AM. An innovative fractional-order evolutionary game theoretical study of personal protection, quarantine, and isolation policies for combating epidemic diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14464. [PMID: 38914575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study uses imposed control techniques and vaccination game theory to study disease dynamics with transitory or diminishing immunity. Our model uses the ABC fractional-order derivative mechanism to show the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as personal protection or awareness, quarantine, and isolation to simulate the essential control strategies against an infectious disease spread in an infinite and uniformly distributed population. A comprehensive evolutionary game theory study quantified the significant influence of people's vaccination choices, with government forces participating in vaccination programs to improve obligatory control measures to reduce epidemic spread. This model uses the intervention options described above as a control strategy to reduce disease prevalence in human societies. Again, our simulated results show that a combined control strategy works exquisitely when the disease spreads even faster. A sluggish dissemination rate slows an epidemic outbreak, but modest control techniques can reestablish a disease-free equilibrium. Preventive vaccination regulates the border between the three phases, while personal protection, quarantine, and isolation methods reduce disease transmission in existing places. Thus, successfully combining these three intervention measures reduces epidemic or pandemic size, as represented by line graphs and 3D surface diagrams. For the first time, we use a fractional-order derivate to display the phase-portrayed trajectory graph to show the model's dynamics if immunity wanes at a specific pace, considering various vaccination cost and effectiveness settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuda Akter
- Department of Mathematics, Feni University, Feni, 3900, Bangladesh
| | - Nurunnahar
- Department of Mathematics, Feni University, Feni, 3900, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mutum Zico Meetei
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah A Zaagan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Mahnashi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Brkovic V, Nikolic G, Baralic M, Kravljaca M, Milinkovic M, Pavlovic J, Lausevic M, Radovic M. A Study on Mortality Predictors in Hemodialysis Patients Infected with COVID-19: Impact of Vaccination Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38276661 PMCID: PMC10819519 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted significant public health concerns. This study focuses on 442 chronic hemodialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19, emphasizing the impact of vaccination status on clinical outcomes. The study investigates the correlation between vaccination status and laboratory findings, aiming to identify predictive factors for mortality. Results indicate that vaccination status plays a crucial role in outcomes. Full vaccination, evidenced by two or three doses, is associated with better outcomes, including reduced incidence of bilateral pneumonia and lower risks of complications such as hemorrhage and thrombosis. Laboratory analyses reveal significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in parameters like C-reactive protein, ferritin, and white blood cell counts. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses identify several factors influencing mortality, including comorbidities, pneumonia development, and various inflammatory markers. In conclusion among hemodialysis patients affected by COVID-19 infection, vaccination with at least three doses emerges as a protective factor against fatal outcomes. Independent predictors of mortality are CRP levels upon admission, maximum CRP values during the illness and cardiovascular comorbidities. Noteworthy lymphocytopenia during infection exhibits a notable level of specificity and sensitivity in predicting mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voin Brkovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorana Nikolic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Baralic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kravljaca
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Milinkovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pavlovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lausevic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Radovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gonçalves M, Guimarães A, Carvalho T, Antunes P, Mendes S, Soares J, Gonçalves R, Arroja B, Rebelo A. Safety of Endoscopy Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 30:4-10. [PMID: 38020825 PMCID: PMC10661713 DOI: 10.1159/000526125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the daily routine of all healthcare systems worldwide, and endoscopy units were no exception. Endoscopic exams were considered to have a high risk of transmission, and therefore, the safety of endoscopy units and the consequent need for pre-endoscopy SARS-CoV-2 screening were questioned early on. The aim of our study was to assess the safety of endoscopy units during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the effectiveness/necessity for SARS-CoV-2 screening prior to endoscopies. Material and Methods This is a retrospective and single-center study carried out in a Portuguese tertiary hospital. All patients who underwent endoscopic procedures between September 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021 were included. The pre-endoscopy screening consisted of a specific questionnaire or a RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 (nasal and oropharyngeal swab). Data were obtained through patient's clinical records and the Trace COVID platform. Results A total of 2,166 patients were included. Patients had a mean age of 61.8 years and were predominantly male (56.2%, n = 1,218). Eighty-one (3.7%) patients had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a median difference of 74 days (IQ 40.5:160.5) between infection and endoscopy. Most patients (70.2%, n = 1,521) underwent PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 up to 72 h before the procedure, with the remaining patients (29.8%, n = 645) answering a questionnaire of symptoms and risk contacts up to 3 days before endoscopy. Of the patients who underwent RT-PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2, 21 (1.4%) tested positive, and all were asymptomatic at the time of the screening. The evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 14 days after the endoscopic exams identified 9 positive patients (0.42%) for SARS-CoV-2. The median difference in days between endoscopy and the diagnosis of infection was 10 days. Discussion/Conclusion Pre-endoscopy screening with RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 identified a very small number of patients with COVID-19 infection as well as patients with COVID-19 infection in the following 14 days. Therefore, the risk of infection in endoscopy units is negligible if screening of symptoms and risk contacts is applied and individual protective equipment is used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tânia Carvalho
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Mendes
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Soares
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Arroja
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rebelo
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Cannarella R, Kaiyal RS, Marino M, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Impact of COVID-19 on Fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1337. [PMID: 37763105 PMCID: PMC10533032 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic causing respiratory symptoms, taste alterations, olfactory disturbances, and cutaneous, cardiovascular, and neurological manifestations. Recently, research interest has shifted to reproductive health to understand the factors predisposing to COVID-19 infection in pregnancy, the consequences of the infection on the fetus and on the mother, and possible vertical transmission through the placenta. Pregnancy does not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to studies. However, contrary to non-pregnant women, pregnancy worsens the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Studies investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy women are heterogeneous, and the results are often conflicting. Objectives: The goal of the current work was to offer a thorough and up-to-date systematic review of, and meta-analysis on, the impact of COVID-19 on ovarian function, pregnancy, and fetal outcomes. Search strategy: This meta-analysis (PROSPERO n. CRD42023456904) was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocols. The search for relevant material was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase databases, through to 15 December 2022. Selection criteria: Original articles on fertile pregnant women or women attempting to become pregnant, with an active case of, or history of, SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, and reproductive function was compared to that of uninfected women. Data collection and analysis: The effects of COVID-19 on female reproductive function, particularly ovarian function, the profile of female sex hormones, pregnancy outcomes and fetal outcomes were the focus of our search. Quantitative analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The standard difference of the mean was calculated for the statistical comparison between cases and controls. Cochran's Q test and heterogeneity (I2) indexes were used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were also performed. Main Results: Twenty-eight articles met our inclusion criteria, for a total of 27,383 patients pregnant or looking to have offspring, with active or anamnestic COVID-19, and 1,583,772 uninfected control women. Our study revealed that there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients and the control group in terms of maternal characteristics such as age, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities that could affect pregnancy and fetal outcomes. The risk of a miscarriage or Cesarean delivery was significantly lower, while the risk of fetal death or premature delivery was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in the controls. None of the included studies evaluated hormonal profiles or investigated the presence of infertility. Conclusions: Maternal comorbidities, age, and BMI do not raise the risk of COVID-19. However, pregnant women with COVID-19 had a lower risk of miscarriage and Cesarean delivery, possibly because of better prenatal care and high levels of observation during labor. COVID-19 during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal death and premature delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Raneen Sawaid Kaiyal
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
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Bhakat P, Das K. Status of mental health among college and university students during first and second wave of COVID-19 outbreak in India: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 12:100494. [PMID: 36777966 PMCID: PMC9894831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background India has been badly affected by Covid-19 not only in terms of human lives but also has a long-term effect on mental health of the population. This paper is an attempt to understand the psychological effects of the pandemic on the college and university students in India after the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak and its associated factors. Method A web-based survey was conducted to collect information from the students both at individual and household level. The study applied binary and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted marginal effects of the predictor variables. Result Results show a significant increase in mental health concerns during the second wave of the pandemic, as compared to the first year. The key factors contributing to the higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress are the difficulties faced in the adaptation to the new way of learning, fear of discontinuation of education due to financial constraints faced by household, limited physical interaction, and prolonged screen-time during the pandemic. Limitation The study has some limitations regarding selection of the sample as the survey was web-based. Also, the mental health situation of the students is self-reported and the study does not consider the prevailing mental health issues before the pandemic. Conclusion The study recommends initiatives like offering counselling classes and strategies to cope up with mental health disorders. Further, there is a need to conduct follow-up studies to assess the long-term impacts of prolonged home quarantine on the mental health of the students.
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Key Words
- Anxiety
- BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory
- BDI, Beck Depression Inventory
- CBI-S, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Scale
- CDI-S, Children's Depression Inventory
- CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale
- CES-DC, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale for Children
- COVID-19
- DASS-21, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
- Depression
- EDI-3, Eating Disorder Inventory-3
- EHQ, Eating Habits Questionnaire
- ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- ISI-7, Insomnia Severity Index
- India
- KPDS-6, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
- Mental health
- OCI-R, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory –Revised
- PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale
- SCARED, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders
- Second wave
- Stress
- WEMWBS, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhakat
- Priya Bhakat is associated with Southeast Regional Service Commission, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kakoli Das
- Kakoli Das is a Senior Doctoral Scholar at Institute of Development Studies Kolkata & Assistant Professor, CDOE, Vidyasagar University, India
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Park SY, Cheong HS, Kwon KT, Sohn KM, Heo ST, Lee S, Chung US, Lee SH. Guidelines for Infection Control and Burnout Prevention in Healthcare Workers Responding to COVID-19. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:150-165. [PMID: 37021430 PMCID: PMC10079438 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) suffered more distress from the possibility of contracting the virus, quarantine, social stigma, and prejudice against their families. Many studies have investigated the impact of the pandemic on HCWs; however, studies or guidelines presenting strategies to overcome these challenges are lacking. As part of a 2020 research project supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, titled "Health impact assessment of healthcare workers undertaking coronavirus disease 2019 treatment and management in Korea: Identifying problems and researching effective solutions" (HC20C0003), we created guidelines to respond to serious problems posed by infection control. and burnout among HCWs during COVID-19 response measures throughout the extended pandemic period. We formulated the guidelines by means of a systematic review and collated them with the latest literature. The guidelines will highlight the gravity and impact of infection control and burnout among HCWs responding to COVID-19 and include potential prevention strategies, and they can be used as a reference in the event of another emerging infectious disease outbreak in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yoon Park
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centers for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hae Suk Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Shinwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Un Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Mehdinezhad H, Karim B, Ahmadi N, Ahangar RM, Asadolahzadeh A, Haddad‐Zavareh MS, khoshkhou F, Qolami Z, Gorji NM, Delavar MA. Vaccination status and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the dominant Delta variant period. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e790. [PMID: 36840484 PMCID: PMC9950873 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the characteristics, vaccination status, and outcomes of confidence interval (COVID-19) patients, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the predominant severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant period. METHODS This retrospective study assessed the medical records of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to a tertiary hospital from July 10 to September 15, 2021. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with poor outcomes. RESULTS More than 25% of hospitalized patients received at least one vaccine dose of SARS-CoV-2. The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (China) was the most commonly received vaccine (73.3%). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for poor outcomes was significantly lower in hospitalized patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir (AOR: 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.78; p < .010). Besides, age ≥50 years (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.38, 4.59; p < .003), low educational level (AOR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.17, 13.53; p < .027), work outside in the past year (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.00; p < .041), and diabetes mellitus (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.66, 3.26; p = .011) were associated with more poor outcomes. CONCLUSION Based on the present results, the risk of mortality and the risk of poor outcomes were lower in patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir. The number of vaccinated patients was smaller than the unvaccinated among hospitalized patients. It is important to emphasize that vaccination reduced the need for hospitalization and that only vaccinated patients with comorbidities required hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mehdinezhad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Niloufar Ahmadi
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Reza Mohseni Ahangar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Ali Asadolahzadeh
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad‐Zavareh
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Fatemeh khoshkhou
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Zeynab Qolami
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Neda Mahdinezhad Gorji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Mouloud Agajani Delavar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
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Kumar P, Aishwarya, Srivastava PK, Pandey MK, Anand A, Biswas JK, Drews M, Dobriyal M, Singh RK, De la Sen M, Singh SS, Pandey AK, Kumar M, Rani M. Nitrogen dioxide as proxy indicator of air pollution from fossil fuel burning in New Delhi during lockdown phases of COVID-19 pandemic period: impact on weather as revealed by Sentinel-5 precursor (5p) spectrometer sensor. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36785714 PMCID: PMC9907871 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-02977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been a long-lasting impact of the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 on several fronts. One such front is climate which has seen several implications. The consequences of climate change owing to this lockdown need to be explored taking into consideration various climatic indicators. Further impact on a local and global level would help the policymakers in drafting effective rules for handling challenges of climate change. For in-depth understanding, a temporal study is being conducted in a phased manner in the New Delhi region taking NO2 concentration and utilizing statistical methods to elaborate the quality of air during the lockdown and compared with a pre-lockdown period. In situ mean values of the NO2 concentration were taken for four different dates, viz. 4th February, 4th March, 4th April, and 25th April 2020. These concentrations were then compared with the Sentinel (5p) data across 36 locations in New Delhi which are found to be promising. The results indicated that the air quality has been improved maximum in Eastern Delhi and the NO2 concentrations were reduced by one-fourth than the pre-lockdown period, and thus, reduced activities due to lockdown have had a significant impact. The result also indicates the preciseness of Sentinel (5p) for NO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Aishwarya
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Prashant Kumar Srivastava
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Manish Kumar Pandey
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
- Centre for Quantitative Economics and Data Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand Ranchi, India
| | - Akash Anand
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani West Bengal, Kalyani, India
| | - Martin Drews
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manmohan Dobriyal
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Ram Kumar Singh
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070 India
| | - Manuel De la Sen
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, Institute of Research and Development of Processes IIDP, University of the Basque Country, Campus of Leioa, PO Box 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sati Shankar Singh
- Extension Education, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Ajai Kumar Pandey
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- GIS Centre, Forest Research Institute (FRI), PO: New Forest, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Meenu Rani
- Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand India
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10
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Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Amani J, Olad G, Halabian R, Saffaei A, Arabfard M, Nasiri M, Nazarian S, Abolghasemi H, Alishiri G. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant receptor-binding domain-based protein subunit vaccine (Noora vaccine™) against COVID-19 in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 trial. J Med Virol 2023; 95:10.1002/jmv.28097. [PMID: 36029105 PMCID: PMC9539327 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to protect populations against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are several vaccine candidates under investigation with different mechanisms of action. In the present study, we have evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based protein subunit vaccine (Noora vaccine) against COVID-19 in adults. This Phase 1 trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (Noora vaccine) against COVID-19 in healthy adults volunteers. Eligible participants were included in this study after evaluating their health status and considering the exclusion criteria. They were then randomized into three groups and received three doses of vaccine (80 µg, 120 µg, and placebo) on Days 0, 21, and 35. Primary outcomes including solicited, unsolicited, and medically attended adverse events were recorded during this study. Secondary outcomes including the humoral and cellular immunity (including anti-RBD IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody) were measured on Days 0, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 by using the ELISA kit and the Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) was performed on day 49. Totally 70 cases were included in this Phase 1 trial and 60 of them completed the study. Safety assessments showed no severe adverse events. Local pain at the vaccine injection site occurred in 80% of the vaccinated volunteers. Induration and redness at the injection site were the other adverse reactions of this vaccine. There was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding adverse reactions. Anti-RBD IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody assessment showed significant seroconversion in comparison to the placebo group (80%, and 100% respectively, p < 0.001). The cellular immunity panel also showed mild to moderate induction of TH1 responses and the VNT showed 78% of seroprotection. The results of this Phase 1 trial showed acceptable safety without serious adverse events and significant seroconversions in the humoral and cellular immunity panel. The dose of 80 µg is an appropriate dose for injection in the next phases of the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Gholamreza Olad
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Saffaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mojtaba Nasiri
- Clinical Trial CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceImam Hossein UniversityTehranIran
| | - Hassan Abolghasemi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Kim JW, Cho AH, Shin HG, Jang SH, Cho SY, Lee YR, Lee S. Development and Characterization of Phage Display-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies to the S2 Domain of Spike Proteins of Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Variants. Viruses 2023; 15:174. [PMID: 36680213 PMCID: PMC9862430 DOI: 10.3390/v15010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has resulted in the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, the rapid development of a platform to detect a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential for successful COVID-19 management. In this study, four SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated from a synthetic antibody library using phage display technology. Following the conversion of these scFvs into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (K104.1-K104.4) and production and purification of the mAbs, the antibody pair (K104.1 and K104.2) that exhibited the highest binding affinity (K104.1 and K104.2, 1.3 nM and 1.9 nM) was selected. Biochemical analyses revealed that this antibody pair specifically bound to different sites on the S2 subunit of the spike protein. Furthermore, we developed a highly sensitive sandwich immunoassay using this antibody pair that accurately and quantitatively detected the spike proteins of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Omicron, in the picomolar range. Conclusively, the novel phage display-derived mAbs we have developed may be useful for the rapid and efficient detection of the fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Cho
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Cho
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rim Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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12
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Piscitelli P, Miani A, Setti L, De Gennaro G, Rodo X, Artinano B, Vara E, Rancan L, Arias J, Passarini F, Barbieri P, Pallavicini A, Parente A, D'Oro EC, De Maio C, Saladino F, Borelli M, Colicino E, Gonçalves LMG, Di Tanna G, Colao A, Leonardi GS, Baccarelli A, Dominici F, Ioannidis JPA, Domingo JL. The role of outdoor and indoor air quality in the spread of SARS-CoV-2: Overview and recommendations by the research group on COVID-19 and particulate matter (RESCOP commission). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113038. [PMID: 35231456 PMCID: PMC8881809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There are important questions surrounding the potential contribution of outdoor and indoor air quality in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and perpetuation of COVID-19 epidemic waves. Environmental health may be a critical component of COVID-19 prevention. The public health community and health agencies should consider the evolving evidence in their recommendations and statements, and work to issue occupational guidelines. Evidence coming from the current epidemiological and experimental research is expected to add knowledge about virus diffusion, COVID-19 severity in most polluted areas, inter-personal distance requirements and need for wearing face masks in indoor or outdoor environments. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for maintaining particulate matter concentrations at low levels for multiple health-related reasons, which may also include the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Indoor environments represent even a more crucial challenge to cope with, as it is easier for the SARS-COV2 to spread, remain vital and infect other subjects in closed spaces in the presence of already infected asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic people. The potential merits of preventive measures, such as CO2 monitoring associated with natural or controlled mechanical ventilation and air purification, for schools, indoor public places (restaurants, offices, hotels, museums, theatres/cinemas etc.) and transportations need to be carefully considered. Hospital settings and nursing/retirement homes as well as emergency rooms, infectious diseases divisions and ambulances represent higher risk indoor environments and may require additional monitoring and specific decontamination strategies based on mechanical ventilation or air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisco Piscitelli
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Setti
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi De Gennaro
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Xavier Rodo
- ICREA and Climate & Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Begona Artinano
- Unit Atmospheric Pollution and POP Characterization, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Arias
- School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fabrizio Passarini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research "Renewable Sources, Environment, Blue Growth, Energy", University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Barbieri
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Parente
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Département d'Aéro-Thermo-Mécanique, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Institute for Thermal-fluid systems and clean Energy (BRITE), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Edoardo Cavalieri D'Oro
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Unit (NBCRE), Italian National Fire and Rescue Service, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio De Maio
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Unit (NBCRE), Italian National Fire and Rescue Service, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saladino
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Unit (NBCRE), Italian National Fire and Rescue Service, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Borelli
- UMG School of PhD Programmes, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | | | - Gianluca Di Tanna
- BioStatistics & Data Science Division, Meta-Research and Evidence Synthesis Unit, The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Annamaria Colao
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni S Leonardi
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTP), London, UK.
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Chair of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | | | - John P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Josè L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
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13
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Mortezaei Z, Mohammadian A, Tavallaei M. Variations of SARS-CoV-2 in the Iranian population and candidate putative drug-like compounds to inhibit the mutated proteins. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09910. [PMID: 35847618 PMCID: PMC9271419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The first cases of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, were detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Nucleotide substitutions and mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 sequence can result in the evolution of the virus and its rapid spread across the world. Therefore, understanding genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 and targeting the conserved elements responsible for viral replication have great benefits for detecting its infection sources and diagnosing and treating COVID-19. In this study, we used the SARS-CoV-2 sequence isolated from a 59-year-old man in Ardabil, Iran, in April 2020 and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. A meta-analysis comparing the sequence under study with other sequences from Iran indicated long nucleotide insertions/deletions (indels) that code for NSP15, the NSP14-NSP10 complex, open reading frame ORF9b, and ORF1ab polyproteins. In addition, replicating the NSP8 protein in the study sequence is another topic that can affect viral replication. Then using the DNA structure of NSP8, NSP15, NSP14-NSP10 complex, and ORF1ab as a genetic target can help find drug-like compounds for COVID-19. Potential drug-like compounds reported in this study for their mechanism of action and interactions with SARS-CoV-2 genes using drug repurposing are resveratrol, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, indomethacin, ciclesonide, and PDE4 inhibitor. Ciclesonide appears to show the best results when docked with chosen viral proteins. Therefore, different proteins isolated from nucleotide mutations in the virus sequence can indicate distinct inducers for antibodies and are important in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mortezaei
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaei
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Tacchini-Jacquier N, Bonvin E, Monnay S, Verloo H. Perceived stress, trust, safety and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients discharged from hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave: a PREMs survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060559. [PMID: 35710249 PMCID: PMC9207576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate experiences of stress, feelings of safety, trust in healthcare staff and perceptions of the severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection among inpatients discharged from Valais Hospital, Switzerland, during the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave. METHODS Discharged patients aged 18 years or more (n=4665), hospitalised between 28 February and 11 May 2020, whether they had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 or not, were asked to complete a self-reporting questionnaire, as were their informal caregivers, if available (n=866). Participants answered questions from Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (0=no stress, 40=severe stress), Krajewska-Kułak et al's Trust in Nurses Scale and Anderson and Dedrick's Trust in Physician Scale (10=no trust, 50=complete trust), the severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection (1=not serious, 5=very serious), as well as questions on their perceived feelings of safety (0=not safe, 10=extremely safe). RESULTS Of our 1341 respondents, 141 had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Median PSS score was 24 (IQR1-3=19-29), median trust in healthcare staff was 33 (IQR1-3=31-36), median perceived severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4 (IQR1-3=3-4) and the median feelings of safety score was 8 (IQR1-3=8-10). Significant differences were found between males and females for PSS scores (p<0.001) and trust scores (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between males and females for the perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection scores (p=0.552) and the feelings of safety (p=0.751). Associations were found between age and trust scores (Rs=0.201), age and perceived SARS-CoV-2 severity scores (Rs=0.134), sex (female) and perceived stress (Rs=0.114), and sex (female) and trust scores (Rs=0.137). Associations were found between SARS-CoV-2 infected participants and the perceived SARS-CoV-2 severity score (Rs=-0.087), between trust scores and feelings of safety (Rs=0.147), and perceived severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection (Rs=0.123). DISCUSSION The results indicated that inpatients experienced significant feelings of stress regarding perceived symptoms of the illness, yet this did not affect their feelings of safety, trust in healthcare staff or perception of the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future patient-reported experience measures research is needed to give a voice to healthcare users and facilitate comparison measures internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Bonvin
- General Direction, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Henk Verloo
- Department of Nursing, Haute Ecole Specialisee de Suisse Occidentale, Delemont, Switzerland
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15
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Ferreira MDS, Mendoza SR, Gonçalves DDS, Rodríguez-de la Noval C, Honorato L, Nimrichter L, Ramos LFC, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Peralta JM, Guimarães AJ. Recognition of Cell Wall Mannosylated Components as a Conserved Feature for Fungal Entrance, Adaptation and Survival Within Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Murine Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858979. [PMID: 35711659 PMCID: PMC9194641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac) is a species of free-living amoebae (FLAs) that has been widely applied as a model for the study of host-parasite interactions and characterization of environmental symbionts. The sharing of niches between Ac and potential pathogens, such as fungi, favors associations between these organisms. Through predatory behavior, Ac enhances fungal survival, dissemination, and virulence in their intracellular milieu, training these pathogens and granting subsequent success in events of infections to more evolved hosts. In recent studies, our group characterized the amoeboid mannose binding proteins (MBPs) as one of the main fungal recognition pathways. Similarly, mannose-binding lectins play a key role in activating antifungal responses by immune cells. Even in the face of similarities, the distinct impacts and degrees of affinity of fungal recognition for mannose receptors in amoeboid and animal hosts are poorly understood. In this work, we have identified high-affinity ligands for mannosylated fungal cell wall residues expressed on the surface of amoebas and macrophages and determined the relative importance of these pathways in the antifungal responses comparing both phagocytic models. Mannose-purified surface proteins (MPPs) from both phagocytes showed binding to isolated mannose/mannans and mannosylated fungal cell wall targets. Although macrophage MPPs had more intense binding when compared to the amoeba receptors, the inhibition of this pathway affects fungal internalization and survival in both phagocytes. Mass spectrometry identified several MPPs in both models, and in silico alignment showed highly conserved regions between spotted amoeboid receptors (MBP and MBP1) and immune receptors (Mrc1 and Mrc2) and potential molecular mimicry, pointing to a possible convergent evolution of pathogen recognition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Ruiz Mendoza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-de la Noval
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandro Honorato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Microbiologia), Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Costa Ramos
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C. S. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B. Domont
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Peralta
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan J. Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia das Micoses, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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16
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Cross-Sectional Analysis of Impulse Indicator Saturation Method for Outlier Detection Estimated via Regularization Techniques with Application of COVID-19 Data. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2588534. [PMID: 35529268 PMCID: PMC9073553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2588534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impulse indicator saturation is a popular method for outlier detection in time series modeling, which outperforms the least trimmed squares (LTS), M-estimator, and MM-estimator. However, using the IIS method for outlier detection in cross-sectional analysis has remained unexplored. In this paper, we probe the feasibility of the IIS method for cross-sectional data. Meanwhile, we are interested in forecasting performance and covariate selection in the presence of outliers. IIS method uses Autometrics techniques to estimate the covariates and outlier as the number of covariates P > n observations. Besides Autometrics, regularization techniques are a well-known method for covariate selection and forecasting in high-dimensional analysis. However, the efficiency of regularization techniques for the IIS method has remained unexplored. For this purpose, we explore the efficiency of regularization techniques for out-of-sample forecast in the presence of outliers with 6 and 4 standard deviations (SD) and orthogonal covariates. The simulation results indicate that SCAD and MCP outperform in forecasting and covariate selection with 4 SD (20% and 5% outliers) compared to Autometrics. However, LASSO and AdaLASSO select more covariates than SCAD and MCP and possess higher RMSE. Overall, regularization techniques possess the least RMSE than Autometrics, as Autometrics possesses the least average gauge at the cost of the least average potency. We use COVID-19 cross-sectional data collected from 1 July 2021 to 30 September 2021 for real data analysis. The SCAD and MCP select CRP level, gender, and other comorbidities as an important predictor of hospital stay with the least out-of-sample RMSE of 7.45 and 7.50, respectively.
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17
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Petri O, Abazaj E, Daka A, Huti G, Puca E, Brati B. The Epidemiological Situation and Clinical Characteristic Aspect Cause by COVID-19 in Suspected Cases in Albania. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has forcefully entered our lives and profoundly changed the perception and habits of the world population since the December 2019.
AIM: The aims of this study were to presents the epidemiology data and clinical characteristic aspect of patients suspected with COVID-19 and analyzed in the American laboratory in Tirana, Albania from August 2020 to March 2021.
METHODS: This study includes 1205 suspected cases for SARS COVID-19. Professionally trained health workers collected the samples from suspected patients by using synthetic fiber swabs. Double specimens from nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs were collected from each of person. A standard questionnaire about the demographic and clinical data was filled for each person. The software SPSS version 22.0 was used for analyzing all data and also the examination findings.
RESULTS: The prevalence of SARS COVID-19 resulted to be 31.1%. The average age resulted 42.17 ± 18.6. The most predominant positive age resulted the age groups 31–40 years old and 41–50 years old with positivity 17.3% and 16.3%, respectively, with significant association p = 0.01. Male were the most analyzed and affected persons (61.6%) in this study with a strong significant association p = 0.0004. It turned out that more than half of patients refereed at least two symptoms in the same time of analyze and about 1/3 refereed more than three symptoms. We found an association for presence of all typical symptoms with positivity except the temperature. We identified that for all of these symptoms, the p value resulted less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION: SARS COVID-19 in the early stages of the disease is highly contagious. For this reason, the screening of people with symptoms is recommended to determine who should be quarantined and be tested. In this manner, we can decrease the rate of infection and protect healthy people from infection.
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18
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Petri O, Abazaj E, Daka A, Huti G, Puca E, Brati B. The Epidemiological Situation and Clinical Characteristic Aspect Cause by COVID-19 in Suspected Cases in Albania. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has forcefully entered our lives and profoundly changed the perception and habits of the world population since the December 2019.
AIM: The aims of this study were to presents the epidemiology data and clinical characteristic aspect of patients suspected with COVID-19 and analyzed in the American laboratory in Tirana, Albania from August 2020 to March 2021.
METHODS: This study includes 1205 suspected cases for SARS COVID-19. Professionally trained health workers collected the samples from suspected patients by using synthetic fiber swabs. Double specimens from nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs were collected from each of person. A standard questionnaire about the demographic and clinical data was filled for each person. The software SPSS version 22.0 was used for analyzing all data and also the examination findings.
RESULTS: The prevalence of SARS COVID-19 resulted to be 31.1%. The average age resulted 42.17 ± 18.6. The most predominant positive age resulted the age groups 31–40 years old and 41–50 years old with positivity 17.3% and 16.3%, respectively, with significant association p = 0.01. Male were the most analyzed and affected persons (61.6%) in this study with a strong significant association p = 0.0004. It turned out that more than half of patients refereed at least two symptoms in the same time of analyze and about 1/3 refereed more than three symptoms. We found an association for presence of all typical symptoms with positivity except the temperature. We identified that for all of these symptoms, the p value resulted less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION: SARS COVID-19 in the early stages of the disease is highly contagious. For this reason, the screening of people with symptoms is recommended to determine who should be quarantined and be tested. In this manner, we can decrease the rate of infection and protect healthy people from infection.
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Huang F, Chen WT, Sun W, Zhang L, Lu H. Chinese infection-control strategies for COVID-19 prevention: A qualitative study with confirmed cases. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:683-692. [PMID: 34862663 PMCID: PMC9090943 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe how the prevention and controlling strategies have been experienced by COVID-19 patients in China, especially those who had passed through the suspected, diagnosed, hospitalized, and recovery stages of the disease. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. SAMPLES COVID-19 patients were recruited from a COVID-19-designated facility in Shanghai, China, from April to June 2020, by the purposive sampling method. METHODS Semi-structured, in-depth interviews by cell phone were used and transcriptions were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis method. RESULTS We recruited 26 COVID-19 patients. Three theme categories emerged from the data analysis. The first was "Consciously adhere to COVID-19-related controlling strategies." The second category was "Positive experiences of the COVID-19-related controlling strategies." These patients experienced a quick and adequate medical response, confident in the medical system, or received help from community workers. The third category was "Negative experiences of the COVID-19-related controlling strategies." These patients experienced psychological distress, stigma, privacy exposures, and inconveniences from the controlling strategies. CONCLUSIONS It is urgent to develop a culturally sensitive intervention to eliminate the psychological distress and stigma of patients with COVID-19 and to protect their privacy during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Yadav AK, Banerjee SK, Das B, Chaudhary K. Editorial: Systems Biology and Omics Approaches for Understanding Complex Disease Biology. Front Genet 2022; 13:896818. [PMID: 35495146 PMCID: PMC9039331 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.896818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Kumar Yadav,
| | - Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Kumardeep Chaudhary
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Das D, Biswas SK, Bandyopadhyay S. Perspective of AI system for COVID-19 detection using chest images: a review. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 81:21471-21501. [PMID: 35310889 PMCID: PMC8923339 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-022-11913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving communicable disease caused due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has led to a global pandemic since December 2019. The virus has its origin from bat and is suspected to have transmitted to humans through zoonotic links. The disease shows dynamic symptoms, nature and reaction to the human body thereby challenging the world of medicine. Moreover, it has tremendous resemblance to viral pneumonia or Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is performed for detection of COVID-19. Nevertheless, RT-PCR is not completely reliable and sometimes unavailable. Therefore, scientists and researchers have suggested analysis and examination of Computing Tomography (CT) scans and Chest X-Ray (CXR) images to identify the features of COVID-19 in patients having clinical manifestation of the disease, using expert systems deploying learning algorithms such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). The paper identifies and reviews various chest image features using the aforementioned imaging modalities for reliable and faster detection of COVID-19 than laboratory processes. The paper also reviews and compares the different aspects of ML and DL using chest images, for detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam Silchar, Cachar, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Biswas
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam Silchar, Cachar, India
| | - Sivaji Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam Silchar, Cachar, India
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22
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Sagayaraj MF, George IR, Vedhapriyavadhana R, Priya LR. Artificial Intelligence to Combat the Sting of the Pandemic on the Psychological Realms of Human Brain. SN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022; 3:182. [PMID: 35280456 PMCID: PMC8900112 DOI: 10.1007/s42979-022-01038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We are inhabitants of the universe in this anomalous time due to the novel corona virus. COVID-19, which WHO has annotated as a pandemic, is an infectious and contagious disease hastened by the most freshly perceived coronavirus. COVID-19 has gravely hit different people in different ways, some with physical symptoms and some patients will likely be more susceptible to insignificant and extreme symptoms of mental illness. Such patients often with pre-existing mobility limitations get imprisoned in their own homes. The current pandemic beseeches for intense contemplation of the mental health of patients to reduce their worry and heal their fear, depression and anxiety due to quarantine. Artificial intelligence (AI) is more and more remarkable in public, academic, and clinical provinces. This paper aims in addressing the mental health problems faced by patients affected by COVID-19 and recommends artificial intelligence integrated virtual counsellor who can provide advice to their problems. The strategy of AI is being developed and enhanced which will possibly help in addressing the problems in this pandemic time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Fabiola Sagayaraj
- Department of Science and Humanities, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641008 India
| | - Ignisha Rajathi George
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641008 India
| | - R. Vedhapriyavadhana
- School of Computer Science Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - L. R. Priya
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India
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23
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Liu Z, Li Y, Li X, Shasha W. A survey of Chinese Residents’ knowledge about and attitudes and behaviors toward COVID-19: A National cross-sectional study. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:1646-1647. [PMID: 35490066 PMCID: PMC8958091 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China.
| | - Wang Shasha
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China.
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24
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Sood A, Goyal R, Singh H, Behl T, Arora S, Saini B, Kaur R. Implication of Covid-19 on Neurological Complications with Specific Emphasis on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:235-245. [PMID: 34414876 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210820092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is noticeable how the novel coronavirus has spread from the Wuhan region of China to the whole world, devastating the lives of people worldwide. All the data related to the precautionary measures, diagnosis, treatment, and even the epidemiological data are being made freely accessible and reachable in a very little time as well as being rapidly published to save humankind from this pandemic. There might be neurological complications of COVID-19 and patients suffering from neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease might have repercussions as a result of the pandemic. In this review article, we have discussed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on the people affected with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. It primarily emphasizes two issues, i.e., vulnerability to infection and modifications of course of the disease concerning the clinical neurological manifestations, the advancement of the disease and novel approaches to support health care professionals in disease management, the susceptibility to these diseases, and impact on the severity of disease and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Ravi Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Harshdeep Singh
- Chitkara College of Applied Engineering, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
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25
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Dutta S, Kaur RJ, Bhardwaj P, Ambwani S, Godman B, Jha PA, Sukhija S, Venkatesh SS, Lugova H, Islam S, Charan J, Haque M. Demand of COVID-19 medicines without prescription among community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India: Findings and implications. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:503-511. [PMID: 35360769 PMCID: PMC8963618 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1250_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic led to increased self-medication of antimicrobials, vitamins, and immune boosters among the common people and consuming without prescription can lead to adverse consequences including antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India. They were inquired regarding the prescription and increased sales (<25%, 25—50%, 50--75%, or 75--100%) of various medicines (Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Ivermectin, and Vitamin C) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between requests for certain COVID-19 medications and an increase in their sale. Results: A total of 204 pharmacies took part, and 88.23% reported patients to approach them without prescriptions. Most of the pharmacies revealed that <25% of patients came without prescription. The majority came for azithromycin (68%) and vitamin C (92%). Increased sales of the four targeted medications were seen by 85.92% of pharmacies compared to last year. A majority (51.5%) reported <25% increased sales of azithromycin, but no change in the sale of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. However, 39.6% reported >75% increase in vitamin C sales. Conclusion: There was an increase in the demand for COVID-19 medications without prescription. This study was unable to detect a significant increase in sales of antimicrobials, which is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rimple J Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sneha Ambwani
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pallavi A Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanchi Sukhija
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman S Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Halyna Lugova
- Unit of Community Medicine, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Banerjee S, Kushwaha A, Bandyopadhyay K. Community involvement in controlling COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra, India: Best practices and missed opportunities. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_125_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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Shpudeiko V, Sokolov K. Dynamics of the neural network accuracy in the context of modernization of the algorithms of skin pathology recognition. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:312. [DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1070_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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Sengupta M, Roy A, Gupta S, Chakrabarti S, Mukhopadhyay I. Art of breaking bad news: A qualitative study in Indian healthcare perspective. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:25-37. [PMID: 35400752 PMCID: PMC8992758 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_346_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-care communication is essential for amiable provider-recipient relationship. This study explored various health-care experiences and expectations of service recipients and providers in private clinical establishments of West Bengal, India, while breaking difficult news, bad news, and death. AIM The current study was framed with the following research question: What are the varying perceptions, experiences, and expectations of healthcare recipients and their providers while seeking/delivering support in situations of breaking bad news and communications on death? MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were collected through individual in-depth interviews-31 respondents that included 16 patients and their families (recipient) and 15 medical practitioners (provider). Inductive thematic analysis was used. RESULTS Three main themes and nine sub-themes were identified highlighting livid experiences and perceptions of respondents. The findings suggest that interpersonal communications involve language barriers, health literacy and COVID-19 pandemic, situations of sudden unexplained death, perceptual negativity surrounding healthcare, empathy as well as emotions and multiple affiliations leading to ethical moral conflicts to influence individual perception. Regarding treatment attributes, factors of inaccessibility misconceived as incompetence and waiting and contact time are involved. The behavior and personality dimensions include attitude and robustness of the patient party and capability to handle emotions that affect provider-recipient relationship during communications of bad news and death. CONCLUSION This study provided a local perspective about the experiences and expectations of healthcare recipients and their providers. Understanding this critical realm shall help in bridging the gap between recipient expectations and provider practices. It will also attempt towards possible alignment to improve patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Sengupta
- Department of Business Administration, University of Engineering and Management, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Roy
- Cradle Fertility Centre, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Chikitsa Medicare Centre Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Gupta
- Chikitsa Medicare Centre Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Chakrabarti
- Department of Business Administration, University of Engineering and Management, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indraneel Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Information Technology, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Munshi M, Deb S, Malakar S, Jolvis Pou K, Chakraborty S. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Emergence, early infection rate, and deployment strategies for preventive solutions. LESSONS FROM COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9347296 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99878-9.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus commonly known as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide and triggered the current global health crisis. It mostly affects humans through the zoonotic transmission of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This chapter focuses on the various epidemics and pandemics (plague, cholera, Spanish flu, etc.) in the history of human civilization, principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of COVID-19 spreading kinetics during the first wave (in the year 2020), the potential use of herbal medicines, dietary remedies, and allopathic therapy to fight COVID-19, and various preventive measures undertaken to combat the pandemic during the first wave. The numbers of confirmed, recovered, active, and deceased cases is considered for the mapping of PCA within different countries. This study can be used as an informative approach for anticipating and strategy-making against COVID-19 or some other pandemics in the ensuing times.
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30
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Sharma M, Menon B. Headache Incidence and Characteristics in COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital-Based Study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:88-91. [PMID: 35342235 PMCID: PMC8954331 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_244_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Headache is one of the commonly reported symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) illness. A number of studies have been done so far focusing on headache associated with COVID-19 with variable incidence and characteristics. Material and Methods This study is a prospective study conducted on 120 patients with confirmed COVID-19 illness. Critically ill and ventilated patients were excluded. Demographic data, COVID illness symptom profile, headache characteristics were documented. Patients were followed up at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. For the statistical analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0 was used. Results 120 COVID-19 positive cases were included in the study with a mean age of 54.59 ± 14.89 years (range 21-84 years) with male-to-female ratio of 3:2. 78.33% (94) of patients had various comorbidities. 43.33% (52) cases were diabetic. The presenting symptoms were fever (65%), cough (53.33%), shortness of breath (35%) and myalgia (31.66%). 26 (21.66%) patients reported headache during the COVID illness. 18 (15%) cases had headache attributed as secondary to COVID-19 illness. Out of them, 12 cases were new onset with no past history of headache and 6 cases had a significant change in previous headache episodes. COVID-19 illness precipitated headache episodes similar to past headache type in 8 cases. Headache was the presenting symptom in 8 (6.66%) patients with COVID-19 being detected in the regular hospital screening protocol. Conclusion Headache was a common symptom in COVID-19 patients. New onset headaches or change in past headache type in patients in the setting of ongoing pandemic should be screened for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Pinakini Nagar, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Pinakini Nagar, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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31
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Sanders J, Balcom C. Clinical leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reflections and lessons learned. Healthc Manage Forum 2021; 34:316-319. [PMID: 34693767 PMCID: PMC8547230 DOI: 10.1177/08404704211044587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has, and continues to, wreak havoc worldwide, and the healthcare system has been particularly challenged with personnel shortages, resource insecurity, mixed messages, and fear to name a few. At the outset, it was thought the pandemic would be short-lived, resulting in the enactment of disaster plans in hospitals. Such autocratic approaches are not always effective in the long-term; a servant leadership approach is more conducive to engaging teams, and this dyad structure supports effective leadership during challenging times. While there is not one right approach to leading through a pandemic, lessons learned from this pandemic are applicable when, not if, the next pandemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sanders
- 2757Department of Emergency Medicine, HCA Houston Healthcare North Cypress, Cypress, TX, USA
| | - Carl Balcom
- 16057HCA Healthcare. Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Dallas, TX, USA
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32
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Ali S, Singh A, Sharief N, Yadav M, Siddiqui S, Pandey V, Raikwar A, Singh A. Coronaviruses: An overview with special emphasis on COVID-19 outbreak with musculoskeletal manifestations. World J Orthop 2021; 12:620-628. [PMID: 34631446 PMCID: PMC8472448 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i9.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Ali
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajai Singh
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nayeem Sharief
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Yadav
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Pandey
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Raikwar
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sahu RK, Salem-Bekhit MM, Bhattacharjee B, Almoshari Y, Ikbal AMA, Alshamrani M, Bharali A, Salawi A, Widyowati R, Alshammari A, Elbagory I. Mucormycosis in Indian COVID-19 Patients: Insight into Its Patho-Genesis, Clinical Manifestation, and Management Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1079. [PMID: 34572661 PMCID: PMC8468123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19 or who are otherwise immunocompromised has become a global problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Infection is debilitating and fatal, leading to loss of organs and emotional trauma. Radiographic manifestations are not specific, but diagnosis can be made through microscopic examination of materials collected from necrotic lesions. Treatment requires multidisciplinary expertise, as the fungus enters through the eyes and nose and may even reach the brain. Use of the many antifungal drugs available is limited by considerations of resistance and toxicity, but nanoparticles can overcome such limitations by reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability. The lipid formulation of amphotericin-B (liposomal Am-B) is the first-line treatment for mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, but its high cost and low availability have prompted a shift toward surgery, so that surgical debridement to remove all necrotic lesions remains the hallmark of effective treatment of mucormycosis in COVID-19. This review highlights the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and management of mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (R.K.S.); (R.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar 788011, India
| | - Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India;
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar 799022, India
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alakesh Bharali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Azara, Hatkhowapara, Guwahati 781017, India;
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (M.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (R.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Elbagory
- College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia;
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Bukin YS, Bondaryuk AN, Kulakova NV, Balakhonov SV, Dzhioev YP, Zlobin VI. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the initial stages of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the Eurasian and American continents by analyzing genomic data. Virus Res 2021; 305:198551. [PMID: 34454972 PMCID: PMC8388146 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Samples from complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolated during the first wave (December 2019–July 2020) of the global COVID-19 pandemic from 21 countries (Asia, Europe, Middle East and America) around the world, were analyzed using the phylogenetic method with molecular clock dating. Results showed that the first cases of COVID-19 in the human population appeared in the period between July and November 2019 in China. The spread of the virus into other countries of the world began in the autumn of 2019. In mid-February 2020, the virus appeared in all the countries we analyzed. During this time, the global population of SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by low levels of the genetic polymorphism, making it difficult to accurately assess the pathways of infection. The rate of evolution of the coding region of the SARS-CoV-2 genome equal to 7.3 × 10−4 (5.95 × 10−4–8.68 × 10−4) nucleotide substitutions per site per year is comparable to those of other human RNA viruses (Measles morbillivirus, Rubella virus, Enterovirus C). SARS-CoV-2 was separated from its known close relative, the bat coronavirus RaTG13 of the genus Betacoronavirus, approximately 15–43 years ago (the end of the 20th century).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Bukin
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 3, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - A N Bondaryuk
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 3, Irkutsk 664033, Russia; Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Trilisser str., 78, Irkutsk 664047, Russia
| | - N V Kulakova
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 3, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - S V Balakhonov
- Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Trilisser str., 78, Irkutsk 664047, Russia
| | - Y P Dzhioev
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Krasnogo Vosstaniya str., 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - V I Zlobin
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Krasnogo Vosstaniya str., 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
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Lainjo B. The Enigmatic COVID-19 Vulnerabilities and the Invaluable Artificial Intelligence (AI). J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2361-2372. [PMID: 34475763 PMCID: PMC8407667 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s321751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to conduct an exploratory review of the Covid-19 pandemic by focusing on the theme of Covid-19 pandemic morbidity and mortality, considering the dynamics of artificial intelligence and quality of life (QOL). The methods used in this research paper include a review of literature, anecdotal evidence, and reports on the morbidity of COVID-19, including the scope of its devastating effects in different countries such as the US, Africa, UK, China, and Brazil, among others. The findings of this study suggested that the devastating effects of the coronavirus are felt across different vulnerable populations. These include the elderly, front-line workers, marginalized communities, visible minorities, and more. The challenge in Africa is especially daunting because of inadequate infrastructure, and financial and human resources, among others. Besides, AI technology is being successfully used by scientists to enhance the development process of vaccines and drugs. However, its usage in other stages of the pandemic has not been adequately explored. Ultimately, it has been concluded that the effects of the Covid-19 are producing unprecedented and catastrophic outcomes in many countries. With a few exceptions, the common and current intervention approach is driven by many factors, including the compilation of relevant reliable and compelling data sets. On a positive note, the compelling trailblazing and catalytic contributions of AI towards the rapid discovery of COVID-19 vaccines are a good indication of future technological innovations and their effectiveness.
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Kaidashev I, Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Torubara O, Yushchenko Y, Tyshkovska T, Kyslyi V, Belyaeva A, Maryniak D. Host gene variability and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review article. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07863. [PMID: 34458641 PMCID: PMC8382593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a global threat that influenced healthcare systems around the world. This virus caused an infection in humans with different clinical signs and syndromes, severity, and mortality. The key components of the COVID-19 molecular pathogenesis are coronavirus entry and replication, antigen presentation, humoral and cellular immunity, cytokine storm, coronavirus immune evasion. The analysis of recent literature displayed possible molecular targets in the key components of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. Some of these targets might have gene polymorphisms that influenced the COVID-19 course. Unfortunately, several findings are still putative or extrapolated from SARS and MERS experimental investigations or clinical trials. We systematised original data about gene polymorphisms of possible molecular targets and associations with the COVID-19 course. Most data were obtained for angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2, TMPRSS2 gene polymorphisms. Only a few results were found for gene polymorphisms of adhesion molecules, interferon system components, cytokines, and transcriptional factors, oxidative stress and metabolic molecules, as well as haemocoagulation. Understanding the host gene variability and its associations with COVID-19 can provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity, complications, and mortality prognosis for the disease. Besides, these data might help in the identification of appropriate targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kaidashev
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Shlykova
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Izmailova
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - O. Torubara
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | | | | | - V. Kyslyi
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - A. Belyaeva
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - D. Maryniak
- Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Dheeman S, Karn SK, Patel LD, Yi DK, Nanda SS. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of coronavirus disease: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:243-266. [PMID: 34151679 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1944103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and subsequently, declared a pandemic. As of 3 June 2021, 172,493,290 individuals have acquired COVID-19 and 3,708,334 patients have died worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.Areas covered: This review explores epidemiology; virology; pathogenesis; genomic variations; mode of transmission; clinical occurrence; diagnosis; and treatment with antiviral agents, antibiotics, and supportive therapies. It covers a nanotechnology-based treatment approach and emphasizes the importance of herbal and marine antiviral drugs. The review attempts to explain current advances in research, prevention, and control of COVID-19 spread through artificial intelligence and vaccine development status under cosmopolitan consideration.Expert opinion: While COVID-19 research is advancing at full capacity, the discovery of drugs or vaccines that can fight the pandemic is necessary. Human survival in such a critical situation will be possible only with the development of strong immunity by opting for exercise, yoga, and consumption of hygienic food and beverages. Therefore, education about COVID-19 lethality and its impact on livelihood is important. The pandemic has also shown positive effects on the environment, such as a significant reduction in environmental pollution and global warming and improvement in river water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shrivardhan Dheeman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - L D Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Sharda School of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
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Zhu W, Fang Y, Bai ZL, Li NN, Zhao JY, Hu Z. Effect of Emerging Major Infectious Diseases on Sleep Quality of Medical Workers: Findings from Medical Workers Providing Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931881. [PMID: 34117207 PMCID: PMC8207954 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has exerted immense pressure on medical systems in China and abroad. This study aimed to compare the sleep quality of medical personnel conscripted to the Wuhan Union Cancer Centre to offer support during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic to the sleep quality of those who remained at Anhui Medical University Hospital and to determine the role of interventions in improving sleep quality. Material/Methods Questionnaires were completed by 369 individuals who were conscripted to support Wuhan (N=137) and others who were not (the control group; N=232). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the duration and quality of sleep. The Anhui Provincial Health Commission organized a comprehensive intervention, consisting of physical-psychological-social dimensions, over the course of 2 weeks. Results Only 34.21% of the Wuhan support workers reported better sleep quality, as opposed to the 55.60% of the control group at stage 1 (t/χ2=14.005, P<.001). Furthermore, despite the Wuhan support group being more prone to poor sleep quality, their sleep quality significantly improved after the interventions. Conclusions The findings from this study showed that medical staff who were conscripted to offer support during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic suffered from impaired quality of sleep. The use of questionnaire-based sleep assessments may provide individualized approaches to supporting medical personnel during future epidemics and pandemics. Furthermore, our results indicate that relevant interventions can significantly improve sleep quality, while a prolonged break after interventions does not affect sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Graduate Student Affairs Office, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong-Liang Bai
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Nian-Nian Li
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jia-Yun Zhao
- Graduate Student Affairs Office, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Bava NP, Sreekumar S, Mathew G, Sushan A, Sheeja AL, Parvathy P. Strategies for COVID-19 control among migrant labourers in a developing country setting: Pathanamthitta model from Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2342-2347. [PMID: 34322435 PMCID: PMC8284236 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2357_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing pandemic of Covid-19 is a public health emergency with serious implications world-wide including India. Vulnerable population like migrants are often left out of epidemic preparedness planning and reaching out these marginalized population is a challenge. OBJECTIVE To describe different strategies implemented for control and prevention of Covid-19 among migrants in Pathanamthitta. RESULTS Strategies for Covid-19 control among migrant labourers were planned and implemented with intersectoral coordination and community participation. Line listing and risk stratification, mobilisation of community volunteers, contactless active symptomatic surveillance using technology, IEC activities for awareness generation in multiple languages, sample collection, testing and distribution of personal protective equipment's were initially implemented. Setting up of a call centre facility assisted with M health technology exclusively for addressing concerns of migrants was first and one of its kind in the country. In addition to that special measures were taken to improve adherence and wellbeing of migrants which included addressing medical needs of migrants including psychological needs, ensuring food security, migrant hostels for the providing shelter, basic health care, isolation facilities and arranging transportation facilities for more than 10,000 stranded migrants. The success of these strategies was evident from the fact that not even a single migrant labourer was tested positive in the district during this period. CONCLUSION Pathanamthitta district being in a resource constraint setting showed a very effective model by implementing technology assisted strategies tailored to the needs of population.The success of these highly effective and replicable strategy underlines the need to incorporate principles of primary health care in crisis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooh P. Bava
- Hon. District Collector, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India
| | - S Sreekumar
- FHC Vadasserikara, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India
| | - Geethu Mathew
- Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College (BCMCH), Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Abey Sushan
- District Programme Manager, National Health Mission, Pathanamthitta District, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India
| | - A. L Sheeja
- District Medical Officer, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India
| | - P Parvathy
- FHC Thannithode, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India
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Mathew A, Vignesh Balaji E, Pai SRK, Kishore A, Pai V, Chandrashekar KS. ABO phenotype and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Is there any correlation? INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 90:104751. [PMID: 33540085 PMCID: PMC8035048 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the currently evolving viral disease worldwide. It mainly targets the respiratory organs, tissues and causes illness. A plethora of studies has been performing to bring proper treatment and prevent people from the infection. Likewise, susceptibility to some infectious diseases has been associated with blood group phenotypes. The co-relationship of blood group with the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death has been examined in numerous studies. This review explained the described studies regarding the correlation of blood group and the other essential factors with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mathew
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Balaji E
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreedhara Ranganath K Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudev Pai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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El Keshky MES, Alsabban AM, Basyouni SS. The psychological and social impacts on personal stress for residents quarantined for COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:311-316. [PMID: 33966798 PMCID: PMC7518796 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigates psychological and social moderators of anxiety, depression, and personal stress in Saudi Arabian residents quarantined for COVID-19. METHODS Data were collected from 200 participants quarantined in Saudi Arabia using the Emotion Regulation Scale (ERQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multiple regression analyses were carried out in SPSS. RESULTS The results indicated that the overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress were 40.5%, 57.5%, and 55.5%, respectively. Cognitive reappraisal, satisfaction with life, and the social support of friends reduced depression and stress in quarantine. Additionally, females were more likely to be anxious but less likely to be depressed, while older residents generally experienced fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that residents in quarantine, especially younger people, experienced high levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, continuous psychological monitoring and mental health support may need to be integrated into health care during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Kumar S, De Souza R, Nadkar M, Guleria R, Trikha A, Joshi SR, Loganathan S, Vaidyanathan S, Marwah A, Athalye SN. A two-arm, randomized, controlled, multi-centric, open-label phase-2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Itolizumab in moderate to severe ARDS patients due to COVID-19. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:675-686. [PMID: 33835886 PMCID: PMC8040494 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1905794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Efficacy and safety of Itolizumab, an immunomodulatory mAb, in treating moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to cytokine release in COVID-19 patients was evaluated in a multi-centric, open-label, two-arm, controlled, randomized, phase-2 study.Methods: Patients were randomized (2:1) to Arm-A (best supportive care [BSC]+Itolizumab) and Arm-B (BSC). Primary outcome of interest was reduction in mortality 30-days after enrollment.Results: Thirty-six patients were screened, five treated as first-dose-sentinels and rest randomized, while four patients were screen-failures. Two patients in Arm-A discontinued prior to receiving one complete infusion and were replaced. At end of 1-month, there were three deaths in Arm-B, and none in Arm-A (p = 0.0296; 95% CI = -0.3 [-0.61, -0.08]). At end of study, more patients in Arm-A had improved SpO2 without increasing FiO2 (p = 0.0296), improved PaO2 (p = 0.0296), and reduction in IL-6 (43 vs 212 pg/ml; p = 0.0296) and tumor necrotic factor-α (9 vs 39 pg/ml; p = 0.0253) levels. Transient lymphopenia (Arm-A: 11 patients) and infusion reactions (7 patients) were commonly reported treatment-related safety events.Conclusion: Itolizumab is a promising, safe and effective immunomodulatory therapy for treatment of ARDS due to cytokine release in COVID-19 patients, with survival and recovery-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- MAMC Medical College and Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rosemarie De Souza
- Topiwala National Medical College & B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind Nadkar
- Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Anjan Trikha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank R. Joshi
- Indian College of Physicians and Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Chatterjee P, Nair P, Chersich M, Terefe Y, Chauhan AS, Quesada F, Simpson G. One Health, "Disease X" & the challenge of "Unknown" Unknowns. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:264-271. [PMID: 33906988 PMCID: PMC8204831 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_601_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally emphasizes the ever-present threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In this review, the pathogen pyramid framework was utilized to identify the "unknown unknowns" associated with the emergence and rapid transmission of novel infectious disease agents. Given that the evolutionary origin of most of the emerging infectious disease agents can be traced to an animal source, we argue the need to integrate the "One Health" approach as a part of surveillance activities. The need for focusing on undertaking global and regional mapping activities to identify novel pathogens is discussed, given that there are an estimated 1.67 million unknown viruses, of which around 631,000 to 827,000 unknown viruses have the capacity to infect human beings. The emerging risks due to the ever-expanding interface between human, animals, both domestic and wildlife, and the environment are highlighted, these are largely driven by the need for safe habitation, growing food, developing infrastructure to support the increasing human population and desire for economic growth. The One Health approach provides a holistic way to address these cross-sectoral issues, by bridging institutional gaps, enumerating priority risk areas and pathogens, and highlighting putative risk factors for subsequent spillover events involving emerging and re-emerging infectious disease pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chatterjee
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Matthew Chersich
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Yitagele Terefe
- Tropical Animal Health and Control of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Greg Simpson
- Wildlife Forensic Academy, Cape Town, South Africa
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Stigmatic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Head & Neck Cancers Survivors. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 74:2912-2916. [PMID: 33907679 PMCID: PMC8061151 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stigma is the spoilation of the social image of an individual, which leads to the social disapproval of the individual by the community. Patients of many diseases like HIV, deafness, and reproductive disorders often face social disproval. Head & neck cancer survivors perceived stigma due to the mutilation that occurred after surgical treatment procedures. The novel coronavirus is a recently emerged zoonotic viral agent that affects the respiratory system of humans. Following its outbreak from the Wuhan city of China, the COVID-19 spreaded fiercely around the globe, forming a pandemic. Since COVID-19 is a contagious disease with no available treatment, social distancing is considered as the best strategy to prevent the geometric spread of infection. With the social distancing model, the head & neck cancer survivors along with the various other stakeholders perceived stigma being a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection. As the pool of caregivers is diminished due to pandemic, head & neck cancer survivors face increased social isolation and perceived stigma in asking for help from relatives. At the time of the pandemic, social support is critical to fighting against the disease. Social distancing should be maintained along with communication with the patients through calls, text, and online social platforms. It is not wise to stigmatize disease as, in that case, patients who are infected with the disease will try to hide it and avoid seeking medical care. With the promotion of social distancing, it is crucial to convey awareness regarding not to stigmatize the disease.
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Singh RK, Drews M, De la Sen M, Srivastava PK, Trisasongko BH, Kumar M, Pandey MK, Anand A, Singh SS, Pandey AK, Dobriyal M, Rani M, Kumar P. Highlighting the compound risk of COVID-19 and environmental pollutants using geospatial technology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8363. [PMID: 33863975 PMCID: PMC8052456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new COVID-19 coronavirus disease has emerged as a global threat and not just to human health but also the global economy. Due to the pandemic, most countries affected have therefore imposed periods of full or partial lockdowns to restrict community transmission. This has had the welcome but unexpected side effect that existing levels of atmospheric pollutants, particularly in cities, have temporarily declined. As found by several authors, air quality can inherently exacerbate the risks linked to respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, we explore patterns of air pollution for ten of the most affected countries in the world, in the context of the 2020 development of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the concentrations of some of the principal atmospheric pollutants were temporarily reduced during the extensive lockdowns in the spring. Secondly, we show that the seasonality of the atmospheric pollutants is not significantly affected by these temporary changes, indicating that observed variations in COVID-19 conditions are likely to be linked to air quality. On this background, we confirm that air pollution may be a good predictor for the local and national severity of COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Singh
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Martin Drews
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manuel De la Sen
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, Institute of Research and Development of Processes IIDP, University of the Basque Country, Campus of Leioa, PO Box 48940, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Prashant Kumar Srivastava
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Bambang H Trisasongko
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource and Geospatial Information and Technologies for the Integrative and Intelligent Agriculture (GITIIA), Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- GIS Centre, Forest Research Institute (FRI), PO: New Forest, Dehradun, 248006, India
| | - Manish Kumar Pandey
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Akash Anand
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - S S Singh
- Directorate of Extension Education, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - A K Pandey
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Manmohan Dobriyal
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Meenu Rani
- Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, India.
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Suhail A, Dar KA, Iqbal N. COVID-19 related fear and mental health in Indian sample: The buffering effect of support system. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:480-491. [PMID: 33840986 PMCID: PMC8020824 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scientific world witnessed a surge of researches, from all corners of the world, regarding the humanitarian crisis precipitated by COVID-19 pandemic, more specifically its impact on people's mental health. However, researchers exploring the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health are yet to understand the conditions through which potential benefits may occur. Many factors could buffer the effects of COVID-19 related fear on mental health; support system is probably the predominant one. Thus, the present study examined the moderating effects of support system in the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health outcomes - somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 163 volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related fear, support system, and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and simple effect tests revealed that high levels of support from family, friends, and significant others might buffer/lessen the psychological sequelae (e.g., somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression during public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic. Given the potential for negative mental health outcomes following pandemics, such as COVID-19, efforts to enhance peoples' support system may be especially important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Suhail
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Kaiser Ahmad Dar
- Department of Psychology, Government Degree College Baramull, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir 193103 India
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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Nagasu M, Muto K, Yamamoto I. Impacts of anxiety and socioeconomic factors on mental health in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Japan: A web-based survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247705. [PMID: 33730044 PMCID: PMC7968643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic worldwide, individuals experience considerable psychological distress daily. The present study aimed to clarify the prevalence of psychological distress and determine the population most affected by risk factors such as the pandemic, socioeconomic status (SES), and lifestyle-related factors causing psychological distress in the early phases of the pandemic in Japan. This study was conducted via a web-based survey using quota sampling to ensure representativeness of the Japanese population aged 20–64 years. A cross-sectional study of 11,342 participants (5,734 males and 5,608 females) was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and questions related to the pandemic, SES, and lifestyle. The prevalence of psychological distress, represented by a K6 score of 5 or more, was 50.3% among males and 52.6% among females. Both males and females with annual household incomes less than 2 million yen and males aged in their twenties had significantly higher K6 scores than those with annual household incomes above 2 million yen and males aged over 30 years. Binary logistic regression analyses found pandemic-related factors such as medical history, inability to undergo clinical tests immediately, having trouble in daily life, unavailability of groceries, new work style, and vague anxiety; SES-related factors such as lesser income; and lifestyle-related factors such as insufficient rest, sleep, and nutritious meals to be significantly related to psychological distress. Psychological distress was more prevalent among people with low income and in younger generations than among other groups. There is an urgent need to provide financial, medical, and social support to those affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nagasu
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaori Muto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Atrial Arrhythmias in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:8874450. [PMID: 33777449 PMCID: PMC7955658 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8874450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased drastically; however, information regarding the impact of this disease on the occurrence of arrhythmias is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on arrhythmia occurrence. This prospective study included patients with COVID-19 treated at the Leishenshan Temporary Hospital of Wuhan City, China, from February 24 to April 5, 2020. Demographic, comorbidity, and arrhythmias data were collected from patients with COVID-19 (n = 84) and compared with control data from patients with bacterial pneumonia (n = 84) infection. Furthermore, comparisons were made between patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19 and between older and younger patients. Compared with patients with bacterial pneumonia, those with COVID-19 had higher total, mean, and minimum heart rates (all P < 0.01). Patients with severe COVID-19 (severe and critical type diseases) developed more atrial arrhythmias compared with those with nonsevere symptoms. Plasma creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) levels (P=0.01) were higher in the severe group than in the nonsevere group, and there were more deaths in the severe group than in the nonsevere group (6 (15%) vs. 3 (2.30%); P=0.05). Premature atrial contractions (PAC) and nonsustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) were significantly positively correlated with plasma CKMB levels but not with high-sensitive cardiac troponin I or myoglobin levels. Our data demonstrate that COVID-19 patients have higher total, mean, and minimum heart rates compared with those with bacterial pneumonia. Patients with severe or critical disease had more frequent atrial arrhythmias (including PAC and AF) and higher CKMB levels and mortality than those with nonsevere symptoms.
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Bonvin E, Tacchini-Jacquier N, Monnay S, Verloo H. Protocol for a patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) survey of patients discharged during the COVID-19 pandemic and their family caregivers. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047033. [PMID: 33622957 PMCID: PMC7907615 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Swiss canton of Valais, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected on 28 February 2020. Discharged patients' and their family caregivers' experiences in relation to safety, quality of care, trust and communication during the COVID-19 hospitalisation period remain unexplored. The study aims to collect the patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) survey of patients discharged during the COVID-19 pandemic and their family caregivers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients aged ≥18 years, hospitalised between 28 February and 11 May 2020 and then discharged home, plus their family caregivers will be invited to complete a self-administrated questionnaire made up of 14 closed questions and 1 open-ended question. The questionnaire will include items on the patient's hospital trajectory and assess the interpersonal trust placed in nurses and physicians based on Krajewska-Kułak et al's Trust in Nurse Scale and Anderson et al's Trust in Physician Scale. Participants' perceived stress will be assessed using Cohen et al's Perceived Stress Scale. Feelings of safety will be examined based on Dryhurst et al's questionnaire on Risk Perception During Pandemics. After ethical clearance, data will be collected using a postal paper questionnaire and via an online web link. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be computed, and the open question will undergo a qualitative thematic analysis. We will analyse perceptions of the different hospital trajectories experienced by patients undergoing surgery with and without a SARS-CoV-2 infection. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Human Research Ethics Committee of Vaud (2020-02025) authorised this study. Gathering experiences and learning about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social determinants of health among discharged patients and families fit in well with the Triple Aim framework and the PREMs survey. The study will formulate recommendations to support interventions in the face of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on patients' and their family caregivers' experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bonvin
- General Direction, Valais Hospital, Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | | | - Sevrine Monnay
- Social Affairs and Human Resources Specialist, Valais Hospital, Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Henk Verloo
- Nursing, Haute Ecole Specialisee de Suisse Occidentale, Sion, Valais, Switzerland
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50
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Ningombam SS, Kumar R, Tanwar P. Mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 are more prone to infect obese patient: a review. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:383-392. [PMID: 33595720 PMCID: PMC7887545 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current review critically analyzes obesity as an important risk factor for increased predisposition towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its severity and causal death in current pandemic. Countries with higher prevalence of exposed obese individuals experienced the highest number of mortalities. The analysis also proved that individuals having more adipose tissue in body have a higher level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is identified as functional receptor for COVID-19. Therefore, obese individuals are worse in condition because of a higher presence of adiposity increases the number of ACE2 expressing cells. Furthermore, in silico interactions of ACE2 and different variants of coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) spike S1 protein suggest that mutant strains are more infectious than wildtype as they bind to host ACE2 protein with high binding affinities. Certain specific cancers including cervical cancer, pancreatic and rectal adenocarcinomas have more expression of such receptors and pose additional risk to already immunocompromised cancer patients. This review emphasizes obesity, as the covert risk factor of COVID-19 infection and sensitizes about of calorie restrictions, immunity building and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somorjit Singh Ningombam
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India.
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