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Sujana D, Sumiwi SA, Saptarini NM, Levita J. The Nephroprotective Activity of Boesenbergia Rotunda Rhizome by Reducing Creatinine, Urea Nitrogen, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, and Malondialdehyde Levels in the Blood and Attenuating the Expression of Havcr1 (KIM-1), Lcn2 (NGAL), Casp3, and Casp7 Genes in the Kidney Cortex of Cisplatin-Induced Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:189-200. [PMID: 38736464 PMCID: PMC11086399 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s459483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin chemotherapy induces nephrotoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species, hence, discovering add-on nephroprotective drugs for patients with cancer is challenging. Boesenbergia rotunda has been reported for its antioxidant properties. Purpose This study aims to explore the nephroprotective mechanism of the ethanol extract of Boesenbergia rotunda rhizome (EEBR) in cisplatin-induced rats. Methods The rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the normal control (treated with saline); the negative control (cisplatin-induced without any treatment); the positive control (treated with quercetin 50 mg/kg BW); and 3 treatment EEBR (125 mg/kg BW; 250 mg/kg BW; 500 mg/kg BW) groups for 10 days. The % relative organ weight, kidney histopathology, and nephrotoxicity biomarkers expression were evaluated. Results EEBR decreased creatinine, urea nitrogen, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, and malondialdehyde levels in the blood of cisplatin-induced rats. An insignificant increase in GOT was observed in rats treated with the highest dose of EEBR. EEBR did not significantly alter the BW and the % kidney relative weight. An abnormal shape of the Bowman capsule is observed in the negative control group. EEBR reduced the expression of Havcr1 (KIM-1), Lcn2 (NGAL), Casp3, and Casp7 genes in rats' kidneys. Conclusion Boesenbergia rotunda could be considered a potential candidate for add-on therapy in cisplatin-treated patients, but further studies are needed to verify its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Sujana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 46363, Indonesia
- Diploma Program of Pharmacy, Karsa Husada Garut College of Health Sciences (Stikes Karsa Husada Garut), Garut, West Java, 44151, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Nyi Mekar Saptarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 46363, Indonesia
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Shah EJ, Grunwald WC, Garrett TL, Brown TL, Cool DR. Sarin-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mouse Brain Is Attenuated by the Caspase Inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:367-375. [PMID: 37918856 PMCID: PMC10801781 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates cause hyperstimulation of the central nervous system, leading to extended seizures, convulsions, and brain damage. Sarin is a highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent that has been employed in several terrorist attacks. The prolonged toxicity of sarin may be enhanced by the neuroinflammatory response initiated by the inflammasome, caspase involvement, and generation/release of proinflammatory cytokines. Since neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are prevalent in sarin-exposed animals, we were interested in evaluating the capacity of quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh), a pan caspase inhibitor to attenuate neuroinflammation following sarin exposure. To test this hypothesis, sarin-exposed C57BL/6 mice were treated with Q-VD-OPh or negative control quinolyl-valyl-O-methylglutamyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone, sacrificed at 2- and 14-day time points, followed by removal of the amygdala and hippocampus. A Bio-Rad 23-Plex cytokine analysis was completed on each tissue. The results suggest that exposure to sarin induced a dramatic increase in interleukin-1β and 6 other cytokines and a decrease in 2 of the 23 cytokines at 2 days in the amygdala compared with controls. Q-VD-OPh attenuated these changes at the 2-day time point. At 14 days, six of these cytokines were still significantly different from controls. Hippocampus was less affected at both time points. Diazepam, a neuroprotective drug against nerve agents, caused an increase in several cytokines but did not have a synergistic effect with Q-VD-OPh. Treatment of sarin exposure with apoptosis inhibitors appears to be a worthwhile approach for further testing as a comprehensive counteragent against organophosphate exposure. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A pan inhibitor of caspases (Q-VD-OPh) was proposed as a potential antidote for sarin-induced neuroinflammation by reducing the level of inflammation via inflammasome caspase inhibition. Q-VD-OPh added at 30 minutes post-sarin exposure attenuated the inflammatory response of a number of cytokines and chemokines in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain regions sensitive to organophosphate exposure. Apoptotic marker reduction at 2 and 14 days further supports further testing of inhibitors of apoptosis as a means to lessen extended organophosphate toxicity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.S., W.C.G, T.L.G., D.R.C) and Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology (T.L.G., T.L.B.), Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - William C Grunwald
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.S., W.C.G, T.L.G., D.R.C) and Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology (T.L.G., T.L.B.), Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Teresa L Garrett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.S., W.C.G, T.L.G., D.R.C) and Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology (T.L.G., T.L.B.), Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.S., W.C.G, T.L.G., D.R.C) and Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology (T.L.G., T.L.B.), Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - David R Cool
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.S., W.C.G, T.L.G., D.R.C) and Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology (T.L.G., T.L.B.), Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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Lyu T, Yin Q. Research Progress on Pyroptosis in Hematological Malignancies. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1439-1450. [PMID: 37635159 PMCID: PMC10547621 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death dependent on the caspase pathway that is different from apoptosis and necrosis. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis can be involved in the pathological processes of many diseases, such as cancers, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, and blood diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which pyroptosis participates in the occurrence and development of hematological malignant tumors still need further exploration. This article reviews the characteristics of pyroptosis and the regulatory mechanisms promoting or inhibiting pyroptosis and discusses the role of pyroptosis in hematological malignant tumors, which could provide ideas for the clinical treatment of such tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Lyu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Qingsong Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Stillger MN, Chen CY, Lai ZW, Li M, Schäfer A, Pagenstecher A, Nimsky C, Bartsch JW, Schilling O. Changes in calpain-2 expression during glioblastoma progression predisposes tumor cells to temozolomide resistance by minimizing DNA damage and p53-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36932402 PMCID: PMC10022304 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis for patients affected. During standard-of-care chemotherapy using temozolomide (TMZ), tumors acquire resistance thereby causing tumor recurrence. Thus, deciphering essential molecular pathways causing TMZ resistance are of high therapeutic relevance. METHODS Mass spectrometry based proteomics were used to study the GBM proteome. Immunohistochemistry staining of human GBM tissue for either calpain-1 or -2 was performed to locate expression of proteases. In vitro cell based assays were used to measure cell viability and survival of primary patient-derived GBM cells and established GBM cell lines after TMZ ± calpain inhibitor administration. shRNA expression knockdowns of either calpain-1 or calpain-2 were generated to study TMZ sensitivity of the specific subunits. The Comet assay and ɣH2AX signal measurements were performed in order to assess the DNA damage amount and recognition. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR of target proteins was applied to differentiate between transcriptional and post-translational regulation. RESULTS Calcium-dependent calpain proteases, in particular calpain-2, are more abundant in glioblastoma compared to normal brain and increased in patient-matched initial and recurrent glioblastomas. On the cellular level, pharmacological calpain inhibition increased the sensitivities of primary glioblastoma cells towards TMZ. A genetic knockdown of calpain-2 in U251 cells led to increased caspase-3 cleavage and sensitivity to neocarzinostatin, which rapidly induces DNA strand breakage. We hypothesize that calpain-2 causes desensitization of tumor cells against TMZ by preventing strong DNA damage and subsequent apoptosis via post-translational TP53 inhibition. Indeed, proteomic comparison of U251 control vs. U251 calpain-2 knockdown cells highlights perturbed levels of numerous proteins involved in DNA damage response and downstream pathways affecting TP53 and NF-κB signaling. TP53 showed increased protein abundance, but no transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSION TMZ-induced cell death in the presence of calpain-2 expression appears to favor DNA repair and promote cell survival. We conclude from our experiments that calpain-2 expression represents a proteomic mode that is associated with higher resistance via "priming" GBM cells to TMZ chemotherapy. Thus, calpain-2 could serve as a prognostic factor for GBM outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Nicole Stillger
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chia-Yi Chen
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mujia Li
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Institute of Neuropathology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Marburg University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Marburg University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Walter Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Marburg University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Philipps-University Marburg, Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Reilly B, Tan C, Murao A, Nofi C, Jha A, Aziz M, Wang P. Necroptosis-Mediated eCIRP Release in Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4047-4059. [PMID: 35873387 PMCID: PMC9304637 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s370615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is an endogenous pro-inflammatory mediator that exacerbates injury in inflammation and sepsis. The mechanisms in which eCIRP is released have yet to be fully explored. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death that is dependent on the activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudo kinase (MLKL) which causes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. We hypothesize that eCIRP is released through necroptosis and intensifies inflammation in sepsis. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD (15 μM) 1 h before stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL). Necroptosis inhibitor, Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (10 μM) was added to the cells with LPS simultaneously. After 24 h of LPS stimulation, cytotoxicity was determined by LDH assay. eCIRP levels in the culture supernatants and phospho-MLKL (p-MLKL) from cell lysates were assessed by Western blot. p-MLKL interaction with the cell membrane was visualized by immunofluorescence. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were treated with Nec-1 (1 mg/kg) or DMSO. 20 h post-surgery, serum and peritoneal fluid levels of eCIRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. H&E staining of lung tissue sections was performed. Results We found that in RAW264.7 cells, LPS+z-VAD induces necroptosis as evidenced by an increase in p-MLKL levels and causes eCIRP release. Nec-1 reduces both p-MLKL activation and eCIRP release in LPS+z-VAD-treated RAW264.7 cells. Nec-1 also inhibits the release of eCIRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and peritoneal fluid in CLP-induced septic mice. We predicted a transient interaction between eCIRP and MLKL using a computational model, suggesting that eCIRP may exit the cell via the pores formed by p-MLKL. Conclusion Necroptosis is a novel mechanism of eCIRP release in sepsis. Targeting necroptosis may ameliorate inflammation and injury in sepsis by inhibiting eCIRP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Reilly
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Colleen Nofi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Alok Jha
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Clostridioides difficile toxin B alone and with pro-inflammatory cytokines induces apoptosis in enteric glial cells by activating three different signalling pathways mediated by caspases, calpains and cathepsin B. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:442. [PMID: 35864342 PMCID: PMC9304068 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes nosocomial/antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal diseases with dramatically increasing global incidence and mortality rates. The main C. difficile virulence factors, toxins A and B (TcdA/TcdB), cause cytopathic/cytotoxic effects and inflammation. We demonstrated that TcdB induces caspase-dependent, mitochondria-independent enteric glial cell (EGC) apoptosis that is enhanced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ (CKs) by increasing caspase-3/7/9 and PARP activation. Because this cytotoxic synergism is important for CDI pathogenesis, we investigated the apoptotic pathways involved in TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis indepth. EGCs were pre-treated with the inhibitors BAF or Q-VD-OPh (pan-caspase), Z-DEVD-fmk (caspase-3/7), Z-IETD-fmk (caspase-8), PD150606 (calpains), and CA-074Me (cathepsin B) 1 h before TcdB exposure, while CKs were given 1.5 h after TcdB exposure, and assays were performed at 24 h. TcdB and TcdB + CKs induced apoptosis through three signalling pathways activated by calpains, caspases and cathepsins, which all are involved both in induction and execution apoptotic signalling under both conditions but to different degrees in TcdB and TcdB + CKs especially as regards to signal transduction mediated by these proteases towards downstream effects (apoptosis). Calpain activation by Ca2+ influx is the first pro-apoptotic event in TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced EGC apoptosis and causes caspase-3, caspase-7 and PARP activation. PARP is also directly activated by calpains which are responsible of about 75% of apoptosis in TcdB and 62% in TcdB + CK which is both effector caspase-dependent and -independent. Initiator caspase-8 activation mediated by TcdB contributes to caspase-3/caspase-7 and PARP activation and is responsible of about 28% of apoptosis in both conditions. Caspase-3/caspase-7 activation is weakly responsible of apoptosis, indeed we found that it mediates 27% of apoptosis only in TcdB. Cathepsin B contributes to triggering pro-apoptotic signal and is responsible in both conditions of about 35% of apoptosis by a caspase-independent manner, and seems to regulate the caspase-3 and caspase-7 cleaved fragment levels, highlighting the complex interaction between these cysteine protease families activated during TcdB-induced apoptosis. Further a relevant difference between TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis is that TcdB-induced apoptosis increased slowly reaching at 72 h the value of 18.7%, while TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis increased strongly reaching at 72 h the value of 60.6%. Apoptotic signalling activation by TcdB + CKs is enriched by TNF-α-induced NF-κB signalling, inhibition of JNK activation and activation of AKT. In conclusion, the ability of C. difficile to activate three apoptotic pathways represents an important strategy to overcome resistance against its cytotoxic activity.
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Shao R, Wang H, Wang J, Lu S, He R, Lu Y. Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological value in acute myeloid leukaemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chiu YF, Huang YW, Chen CY, Chen YC, Gong YN, Kuo RL, Huang CG, Shih SR. Visualizing Influenza A Virus vRNA Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:812711. [PMID: 35733972 PMCID: PMC9207383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.812711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has caused recurrent epidemics and severe pandemics. In this study, we adapted an MS2-MCP live-cell imaging system to visualize IAV replication. A reporter plasmid, pHH-PB2-vMSL, was constructed by replacing a part of the PB2-coding sequence in pHH-PB2 with a sequence encoding 24 copies of a stem-loop structure from bacteriophage MS2 (MSL). Binding of MS2 coat protein (MCP) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) to MSL enabled the detection of vRNA as fluorescent punctate signals in live-cell imaging. The introduction of pHH-PB2-vMSL into A549 cells transduced to express an MCP-GFP fusion protein lacking the nuclear localization signal (MCP-GFPdN), subsequently allowed tracking of the distribution and replication of PB2-vMSL vRNA after IAV PR8 infection. Spatial and temporal measurements revealed exponential increases in vRNA punctate signal intensity, which was only observed after membrane blebbing in apoptotic cells. Similar signal intensity increases in apoptotic cells were also observed after MDCK cells, transduced to express MCP-GFPdN, were infected with IAV carrying PB2-vMSL vRNA. Notably, PB2-vMSL vRNA replication was observed to occur only in apoptotic cells, at a consistent time after apoptosis initiation. There was a lack of observable PB2-vMSL vRNA replication in non-apoptotic cells, and vRNA replication was suppressed in the presence of apoptosis inhibitors. These findings point to an important role for apoptosis in IAV vRNA replication. The utility of the MS2-imaging system for visualizing time-sensitive processes such as viral replication in live host cells is also demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Lin Kuo
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Krysa SJ, Allen LAH. Metabolic Reprogramming Mediates Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Infected With Francisella tularensis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836754. [PMID: 35693822 PMCID: PMC9174434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) have a distinctively short lifespan, and tight regulation of cell survival and death is imperative for their normal function. We demonstrated previously that Francisella tularensis extends human neutrophil lifespan, which elicits an impaired immune response characterized by neutrophil dysfunction. Herein, we extended these studies, including our transcriptional profiling data, and employed Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite analysis, flow cytometry and several other biochemical approaches to demonstrate that the delayed apoptosis observed in F. tularensis-infected neutrophils is mediated, in part, by metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, we show that F. tularensis-infected neutrophils exhibited a unique metabolic signature characterized by increased glycolysis, glycolytic flux and glucose uptake, downregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, and complex glycogen dynamics. Glucose uptake and glycolysis were essential for cell longevity, although glucose-6-phosphate translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum was not, and we identify depletion of glycogen as a potential trigger of apoptosis onset. In keeping with this, we also demonstrate that ablation of apoptosis with the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh was sufficient to profoundly increase glycolysis and glycogen stores in the absence of infection. Taken together, our data significantly advance understanding of neutrophil immunometabolism and its capacity to regulate cell lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Krysa
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Lee-Ann H. Allen,
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Fieblinger T, Li C, Espa E, Cenci MA. Non-Apoptotic Caspase-3 Activation Mediates Early Synaptic Dysfunction of Indirect Pathway Neurons in the Parkinsonian Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105470. [PMID: 35628278 PMCID: PMC9141690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-apoptotic caspase-3 activation is critically involved in dendritic spine loss and synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. It is, however, not known whether caspase-3 plays similar roles in other pathologies. Using a mouse model of clinically manifest Parkinson’s disease, we provide the first evidence that caspase-3 is transiently activated in the striatum shortly after the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. This caspase-3 activation concurs with a rapid loss of dendritic spines and deficits in synaptic long-term depression (LTD) in striatal projection neurons forming the indirect pathway. Interestingly, systemic treatment with a caspase inhibitor prevents both the spine pruning and the deficit of indirect pathway LTD without interfering with the ongoing dopaminergic degeneration. Taken together, our data identify transient and non-apoptotic caspase activation as a critical event in the early plastic changes of indirect pathway neurons following dopamine denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Synaptic Physiology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Chang Li
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Espa
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
| | - M. Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.A.C.)
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Wang H, Shao R, Lu S, Bai S, Fu B, Lai R, Lu Y. Integrative Analysis of a Pyroptosis-Related Signature of Clinical and Biological Value in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845074. [PMID: 35296025 PMCID: PMC8918477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pyroptosis is an inflammation-based programmed cell death that holds great potential as a novel cancer therapeutic target in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, thus far, the function of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in MM and their prognostic relevance remains undetermined. Methods The model was established by the LASSO analysis, based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dabatase, and its efficacy was verified using two external datasets. The model’s predictive ability was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier survival and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, a nomogram was established for clinical application. We also confirmed the validity of our model using specimens and in vitro experiments. Results We established an 11-PRG signature profile, and verified its efficacy using two validation cohorts (VCs). In both cohorts, patients were separated into two subpopulations, according to their median risk scores (RS). Our analysis revealed that high-risk (HR) patients experienced considerably lower overall survival (OS), compared to the low-risk (LR) patients. Using functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses, we demonstrated that the immunologic status was strongly related to RS. Furthermore, using a pyroptosis inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, we revealed that MM cell proliferation and progression was drastically suppressed and the doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis was reversed. Conclusion Based on our analysis, pyroptosis not only serves as a measure of MM treatment efficiency and patient prognosis, but is also a possible target for anti-MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenrui Bai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibo Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renchun Lai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lu, ; Renchun Lai,
| | - Yue Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lu, ; Renchun Lai,
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12
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de la Hoz-Camacho R, Rivera-Lazarín AL, Vázquez-Guillen JM, Caballero-Hernández D, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Martínez-Torres AC, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Cyclophosphamide and epirubicin induce high apoptosis in microglia cells while epirubicin provokes DNA damage and microglial activation at sub-lethal concentrations. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:197-212. [PMID: 35145370 PMCID: PMC8822306 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment (CRCI), also called chemobrain, diminishes cancer patient's life quality. Breast cancer (BC) patients have been described to be importantly affected, however, the mechanism leading to CRCI has not been fully elucidated. Recent research proposes microglia as the main architect of CRCI, thus dysregulations in these cells could trigger CRCI. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of two drugs commonly used against breast cancer, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and epirubicin (EPI), on the microglia cell line SIM-A9, using the BC cell line, 4T1, as a control. Our results show that CTX and EPI decrease microglia-cell viability and increase cell death on a concentration-dependent manner, being 5 and 2 times more cytotoxic to microglia cell line than to breast cancer 4T1cells, respectively. Both chemotherapies induce cell cycle arrest and a significant increase in p53, p16 and γ-H2AX in breast cancer and microglia cells. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) diminishes as cell death increases, and both chemotherapies induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on SIM-A9 and 4T1. Moreover, caspase activation increases with treatments and its pharmacological blockade inhibits CTX and EPI induced-cell death. Finally, low concentrations of CTX and EPI induce γ-H2AX, and EPI induces cytokine release, NO production and Iba-1 overexpression. These findings indicate that microglia cells are more sensitive to CTX and EPI than BC cells and undergo DNA damage and cell cycle arrest at very low concentrations, moreover EPI induces microglia activation and a pro-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de la Hoz-Camacho
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Rivera-Lazarín
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Vázquez-Guillen
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Diana Caballero-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Monterrey 66455, Mexico.,LONGEVEDEN S.A. de C.V
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13
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Poczta A, Krzeczyński P, Tobiasz J, Rogalska A, Gajek A, Marczak A. Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Novel Melphalan Analogs in Hematological Malignancy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031760. [PMID: 35163680 PMCID: PMC8836188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous developments in pharmacology and the high therapeutic effect of new treatment options for patients with hematological malignancies, these diseases remain a major health issue. Our study aimed to synthesize, analyze in silico, and determine the biological properties of new melphalan derivatives. We obtained three methyl esters of melphalan having in their structures amidine moieties substituted with thiomorpholine (EM-T-MEL), indoline (EM-I-MEL), or 4-(4-morpholinyl) piperidine (EM-MORPIP-MEL). These have not yet been described in the literature. The in vitro anticancer properties of the analogs were determined against THP1, HL60, and RPMI8226 cells. Melphalan derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxicity (resazurin viability assay), genotoxicity (alkaline comet assay), and their ability to induce apoptosis (Hoechst33342/propidium iodide double staining method; phosphatidylserine translocation; and caspase 3/7, 8, and 9 activity measurements). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using the specific fluorescence probe JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine). The EM-T-MEL derivative had the highest biological activity, showing higher cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than the parent drug. Moreover, it showed a high ability to induce apoptosis in the tested cancer cells. This compound also had a beneficial effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In conclusion, we verified and confirmed the hypothesis that chemical modifications of the melphalan structure improved its anticancer properties. The conducted study allowed the selection of the compound with the highest biological activity and provided a basis for chemical structure-biological activity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazja Poczta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Krzeczyński
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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14
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Vesela B, Svandova E, Ramesova A, Kratochvilova A, Tucker AS, Matalova E. Caspase Inhibition Affects the Expression of Autophagy-Related Molecules in Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2021; 13:956S-968S. [PMID: 32627581 PMCID: PMC8804809 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520938444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Caspases, cysteine proteases traditionally associated with apoptosis and inflammation, have recently been identified as important regulators of autophagy and reported within the growth plate, a cartilaginous part of the developing bone. The aim of this research was to identify novel autophagy-related molecules affected by inhibition of pro-apoptotic caspases in chondrocytes. Design. Chondrocyte micromasses derived from mouse limb buds were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of caspases. Autophagy-related gene expression was examined and possible novel molecules were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytofluorescence. Individual caspases inhibitors were used to identify the effect of specific caspases. Results. Chondrogenesis accompanied by caspase activation and autophagy progression was confirmed in micromass cultures. Expression of several autophagy-associated genes was significantly altered in the caspases inhibitors treated groups with the most prominent decrease for Pik3cg and increase of Tnfsf10. The results showed the specific pro-apoptotic caspases that play a role in these effects. Importantly, use of caspase inhibitors mimicked changes triggered by an autophagy stimulator, rapamycin, linking loss of caspase activity to an increase in autophagy. Conclusion. Caspase inhibition significantly affects regulation of autophagy-related genes in chondrocytes cultures. Detected markers are of importance in diagnostics and thus the data presented here open new perspectives in the field of cartilage development and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Barbora Vesela, Institute of Animal
Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Veveri 97, Brno
60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kratochvilova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative
Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of
Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Milligan JC, Zeisner TU, Papageorgiou G, Joshi D, Soudy C, Ulferts R, Wu M, Lim CT, Tan KW, Weissmann F, Canal B, Fujisawa R, Deegan T, Nagaraj H, Bineva-Todd G, Basier C, Curran JF, Howell M, Beale R, Labib K, O'Reilly N, Diffley JF. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of Nsp5 main protease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2499-2515. [PMID: 34198327 PMCID: PMC8286836 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread around the world with unprecedented health and socio-economic effects for the global population. While different vaccines are now being made available, very few antiviral drugs have been approved. The main viral protease (nsp5) of SARS-CoV-2 provides an excellent target for antivirals, due to its essential and conserved function in the viral replication cycle. We have expressed, purified and developed assays for nsp5 protease activity. We screened the nsp5 protease against a custom chemical library of over 5000 characterised pharmaceuticals. We identified calpain inhibitor I and three different peptidyl fluoromethylketones (FMK) as inhibitors of nsp5 activity in vitro, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. By altering the sequence of our peptidomimetic FMK inhibitors to better mimic the substrate sequence of nsp5, we generated an inhibitor with a subnanomolar IC50. Calpain inhibitor I inhibited viral infection in monkey-derived Vero E6 cells, with an EC50 in the low micromolar range. The most potent and commercially available peptidyl-FMK compound inhibited viral growth in Vero E6 cells to some extent, while our custom peptidyl FMK inhibitor offered a marked antiviral improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Milligan
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Theresa U. Zeisner
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - George Papageorgiou
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Christelle Soudy
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Chew Theng Lim
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Kang Wei Tan
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Berta Canal
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Tom Deegan
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Hema Nagaraj
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Ganka Bineva-Todd
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Clovis Basier
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Joseph F. Curran
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Karim Labib
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - John F.X. Diffley
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
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16
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Alphonse MP, Rubens JH, Ortines RV, Orlando NA, Patel AM, Dikeman D, Wang Y, Vuong I, Joyce DP, Zhang J, Mumtaz M, Liu H, Liu Q, Youn C, Patrick GJ, Ravipati A, Miller RJ, Archer NK, Miller LS. Pan-caspase inhibition as a potential host-directed immunotherapy against MRSA and other bacterial skin infections. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eabe9887. [PMID: 34233954 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes most skin infections in humans, and the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains is a serious public health threat. There is an urgent clinical need for nonantibiotic immunotherapies to treat MRSA infections and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigated the pan-caspase inhibitor quinoline-valine-aspartic acid-difluorophenoxymethyl ketone (Q-VD-OPH) for efficacy against MRSA skin infection in mice. A single systemic dose of Q-VD-OPH decreased skin lesion sizes and reduced bacterial burden compared with vehicle-treated or untreated mice. Although Q-VD-OPH inhibited inflammasome-dependent apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation and caspase-1-mediated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, Q-VD-OPH maintained efficacy in mice deficient in IL-1β, ASC, caspase-1, caspase-11, or gasdermin D. Thus, Q-VD-OPH efficacy was independent of inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Rather, Q-VD-OPH reduced apoptosis of monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, Q-VD-OPH enhanced necroptosis of macrophages with concomitant increases in serum TNF and TNF-producing neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils in the infected skin. Consistent with this, Q-VD-OPH lacked efficacy in mice deficient in TNF (with associated reduced neutrophil influx and necroptosis), in mice deficient in TNF/IL-1R and anti-TNF antibody-treated WT mice. In vitro studies revealed that combined caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 inhibition reduced apoptosis, and combined caspase-1, caspase-8, and caspase-11 inhibition increased TNF, suggesting a mechanism for Q-VD-OPH efficacy in vivo. Last, Q-VD-OPH also had a therapeutic effect against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infections in mice. Collectively, pan-caspase inhibition represents a potential host-directed immunotherapy against MRSA and other bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jessica H Rubens
- Divison of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nicholas A Orlando
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Aman M Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Daniel P Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohammed Mumtaz
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Garrett J Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Advaitaa Ravipati
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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17
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Chan BHC, Moosajee M, Rainger J. Closing the Gap: Mechanisms of Epithelial Fusion During Optic Fissure Closure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620774. [PMID: 33505973 PMCID: PMC7829581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key embryonic process that occurs early in ocular development is optic fissure closure (OFC). This fusion process closes the ventral optic fissure and completes the circumferential continuity of the 3-dimensional eye. It is defined by the coming together and fusion of opposing neuroepithelia along the entire proximal-distal axis of the ventral optic cup, involving future neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), optic nerve, ciliary body, and iris. Once these have occurred, cells within the fused seam differentiate into components of the functioning visual system. Correct development and progression of OFC, and the continued integrity of the fused margin along this axis, are important for the overall structure of the eye. Failure of OFC results in ocular coloboma-a significant cause of childhood visual impairment that can be associated with several complex ocular phenotypes including microphthalmia and anterior segment dysgenesis. Despite a large number of genes identified, the exact pathways that definitively mediate fusion have not yet been found, reflecting both the biological complexity and genetic heterogeneity of the process. This review will highlight how recent developmental studies have become focused specifically on the epithelial fusion aspects of OFC, applying a range of model organisms (spanning fish, avian, and mammalian species) and utilizing emerging high-resolution live-imaging technologies, transgenic fluorescent models, and unbiased transcriptomic analyses of segmentally-dissected fissure tissue. Key aspects of the fusion process are discussed, including basement membrane dynamics, unique cell behaviors, and the identities and fates of the cells that mediate fusion. These will be set in the context of what is now known, and how these point the way to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ho Ching Chan
- The Division of Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Rainger
- The Division of Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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18
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Eustace NJ, Anderson JC, Warram JM, Widden HN, Pedersen RT, Alrefai H, Patel Z, Hicks PH, Placzek WJ, Gillespie GY, Hjelmeland AB, Willey CD. A cell-penetrating MARCKS mimetic selectively triggers cytolytic death in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6961-6974. [PMID: 33077834 PMCID: PMC7885995 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effectiveness of standard of care therapies including surgery, radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy necessitating novel therapeutics. Unfortunately, GBMs also harbor several signaling alterations that protect them from traditional therapies that rely on apoptotic programmed cell death. Because almost all GBM tumors have dysregulated phosphoinositide signaling as part of that process, we hypothesized that peptide mimetics derived from the phospholipid binding domain of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) could serve as a novel GBM therapeutic. Using molecularly classified patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines, cultured in stem-cell conditions, we demonstrate that cell permeable MARCKS effector domain (ED) peptides potently target all GBM molecular classes while sparing normal human astrocytes. Cell death mechanistic testing revealed that these peptides produce rapid cytotoxicity in GBM that overcomes caspase inhibition. Moreover, we identify a GBM-selective cytolytic death mechanism involving plasma membrane targeting and intracellular calcium accumulation. Despite limited relative partitioning to the brain, tail-vein peptide injection revealed tumor targeting in intracranially implanted GBM PDX. These results indicate that MARCKS ED peptide therapeutics may overcome traditional GBM resistance mechanisms, supporting further development of similar agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Eustace
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hayley N Widden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hasan Alrefai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zeel Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patricia H Hicks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Caspase inhibition rescues F1Fo ATP synthase dysfunction-mediated dendritic spine elimination. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17589. [PMID: 33067541 PMCID: PMC7568535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spine injury underlies synaptic failure in many neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests a mitochondrial pathway of local nonapoptotic caspase signaling in mediating spine pruning. However, it remains unclear whether this caspase signaling plays a key role in spine loss when severe mitochondrial functional defects are present. The answer to this question is critical especially for some pathological states, in which mitochondrial deficits are prominent and difficult to fix. F1Fo ATP synthase is a pivotal mitochondrial enzyme and the dysfunction of this enzyme involves in diseases with spinopathy. Here, we inhibited F1Fo ATP synthase function in primary cultured hippocampal neurons by using non-lethal oligomycin A treatment. Oligomycin A induced mitochondrial defects including collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, dissipated ATP production, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, dendritic mitochondria underwent increased fragmentation and reduced positioning to dendritic spines along with increased caspase 3 cleavage in dendritic shaft and spines in response to oligomycin A. Concurring with these dendritic mitochondrial changes, oligomycin A-insulted neurons displayed spine loss and altered spine architecture. Such oligomycin A-mediated changes in dendritic spines were substantially prevented by the inhibition of caspase activation by using a pan-caspase inhibitor, quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[-2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone (Q-VD-OPh). Of note, the administration of Q-VD-OPh showed no protective effect on oligomycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest a pivotal role of caspase 3 signaling in mediating spine injury and the modulation of caspase 3 activation may benefit neurons from spine loss in diseases, at least, in those with F1Fo ATP synthase defects.
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20
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Gebril SM, Ito Y, Shibata MA, Maemura K, Abu-Dief EE, Hussein MRA, Abdelaal UM, Elsayed HM, Otsuki Y, Higuchi K. Indomethacin can induce cell death in rat gastric parietal cells through alteration of some apoptosis- and autophagy-associated molecules. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:230-247. [PMID: 32985762 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical medicine, indomethacin (IND, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) is used variously in the treatment of severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. A common complication found alongside the therapeutic characteristics is gastric mucosal damage. This complication is mediated through apoptosis and autophagy of the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Apoptosis and autophagy are critical homeostatic pathways catalysed by caspases downstream of the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial injury. Both act through molecular signalling pathways characterized by the initiation, mediation, execution and regulation of the cell regulatory cycle. In this study we hypothesized that dysregulated apoptosis and autophagy are associated with IND-induced gastric damage. We examined the spectra of in vivo experimental gastric ulcers in male Sprague-Dawley rats through gastric gavage of IND. Following an 18-hour fast, IND was administered to experimental rats. They were sacrificed at 3-, 6- and 12-hour intervals. Parietal cells (H+ , K+ -ATPase β-subunit assay) and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) were determined. The expression of apoptosis-signalling caspase (caspases 3, 8, 9 and 12), DNA damage (anti-phospho-histone H2A.X) and autophagy (MAP-LC3, LAMP-1 and cathepsin B)-related molecules in gastric mucosal cells was examined. The administration of IND was associated with gastric mucosal erosions and ulcerations mainly involving the gastric parietal cells (PCs) of the isthmic and upper neck regions and a time-dependent gradual increase in the number of apoptotic PCs with the induction of both apoptotic (upregulation of caspases 3 and 8) cell death and autophagic (MAP-LC3-II, LAMP-1 and cathepsin B) cell death. Autophagy induced by fasting and IND 3 hours initially prompted the degradation of caspase 8. After 6 and 12 hours, damping down of autophagic activity occurred, resulting in the upregulation of active caspase 8 and its nuclear translocation. In conclusion we report that IND can induce time-dependent apoptotic and autophagic cell death of PCs. Our study provides the first indication of the interactions between these two homeostatic pathways in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Gebril
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Maemura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eman E Abu-Dief
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Usama M Abdelaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hoda M Elsayed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Otsuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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21
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The neuroprotective action of 3,3'-diindolylmethane against ischemia involves an inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy that depends on HDAC and AhR/CYP1A1 but not ERα/CYP19A1 signaling. Apoptosis 2020; 24:435-452. [PMID: 30778709 PMCID: PMC6522467 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are no studies examining the effects of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) in neuronal cells subjected to ischemia. Little is also known about the roles of apoptosis and autophagy as well as AhR and ERα signaling and HDACs in DIM action. We demonstrated for the first time the strong neuroprotective capacity of DIM in mouse primary hippocampal cell cultures exposed to ischemia at early and later stages of neuronal development. The protective effects of DIM were mediated via inhibition of ischemia-induced apoptosis and autophagy that was accompanied by a decrease in AhR/CYP1A1 signaling and an increase in HDAC activity. DIM decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic factors, i.e., Fas, Caspase-3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). DIM also reduced the protein levels of autophagy-related Beclin-1 (BECN1) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain (LC3), partially reversed the ischemia-induced decrease in Nucleoporin 62 (NUP62) and inhibited autophagosome formation. In addition, DIM completely reversed the ischemia-induced decrease in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in hippocampal neurons. Although DIM inhibited AhR/CYP1A1 signaling, it did not influence the protein expression levels of ERα and ERα-regulated CYP19A1 which are known to be controlled by AhR. This study demonstrated for the first time, that the neuroprotective action of 3,3′-diindolylmethane against ischemia involves an inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy and depends on AhR/CYP1A1 signaling and HDAC activity, thus creating the possibility of developing new therapeutic strategies that target neuronal degeneration at specific molecular levels.
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22
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Vanka R, Nakka VP, Kumar SP, Baruah UK, Babu PP. Molecular targets in cerebral malaria for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:100-107. [PMID: 32006570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is the severe neurological complication associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. In clinical settings CM is predominantly characterized by fever, epileptic seizures, and asexual forms of parasite on blood smears, coma and even death. Cognitive impairment in the children and adults even after survival is one of the striking consequences of CM. Poor diagnosis often leads to inappropriate malaria therapy which in turn progress into a severe form of disease. Activation of multiple cell death pathways such as Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the pathogenesis of CM and secondary brain damage. Thus, understanding such mechanisms of neuronal cell death might help to identify potential molecular targets for CM. Mitigation strategies for mortality rate and long-term cognitive deficits caused by existing anti-malarial drugs still remains a valid research question to ask. In this review, we discuss in detail about critical neuronal cell death mechanisms and the overall significance of adjunctive therapy with recent trends, which provides better insight towards establishing newer therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravisankar Vanka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Aditya Pharmacy College, Suramaplem, Gandepalli Mandal, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 533437, India
| | - Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Uday Krishna Baruah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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23
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Ogunsina M, Samadder P, Idowu T, Nachtigal M, Schweizer F, Arthur G. Syntheses of L-Rhamnose-Linked Amino Glycerolipids and Their Cytotoxic Activities against Human Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030566. [PMID: 32012953 PMCID: PMC7037447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major impediment to successful cancer treatment is the inability of clinically available drugs to kill drug-resistant cancer cells. We recently identified metabolically stable l-glucosamine-based glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) that were cytotoxic to chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. In the absence of commercially available l-glucosamine, many steps were needed to synthesize the compound and the overall yield was poor. To overcome this limitation, a facile synthetic procedure using commercially available l-sugars including l-rhamnose and l-glucose were developed and the l-GAELs tested for anticancer activity. The most potent analog synthesized, 3-amino-1-O-hexadecyloxy-2R-(O–α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-sn- glycerol 3, demonstrated a potent antitumor effect against human cancer cell lines derived from breast, prostate, and pancreas. The activity observed was superior to that observed with clinical anticancer agents including cisplatin and chlorambucil. Moreover, like other GAELs, 3 induced cell death by a non-membranolytic caspase-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makanjuola Ogunsina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Pranati Samadder
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W9, Canada; (P.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Temilolu Idowu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Mark Nachtigal
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W9, Canada; (P.S.); (M.N.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W9, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.O.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W9, Canada; (P.S.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (G.A.)
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24
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Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of cladribine (CLA) and six of its derivatives containing a formamidine group at position 6 (CLA-FDM, CLA-FPAZ, CLA-FPIR, CLA-FPIP, CLA-FHEX, and CLA-FMOR) on acute promyelocytic, lymphoblastic, and acute monocytic leukemia cells. The role of ATR kinase in deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activation in response to DNA damage was assessed. The presence of DNA lesions was assessed by measurement phosphorylation of H2AX and by using the alkaline comet assay with proteinase K post-treatment following assessment of the cell cycle. Apoptotic events such as alterations in intracellular calcium concentration, caspase-3/7 activity and increased sub-G1 cell population were measured. CLA derivatives were highly effective against leukemic cells, showing high cytotoxicity, causing DNA fragmentation, and inducing DNA-protein cross-links in leukemic cells. CLA-FMOR showed the highest efficacy. CLA derivatives increased the levels of intracellular calcium ions, caspase-3/7 and the percentage of sub-G1 apoptotic cells and blocked cells in the S phase of the cell cycle to a greater extent than free CLA. The selective ATR inhibitor VE-821 significantly suppressed the increase in dCK activity and decreased basal dCK activity. The present results suggested that ATR kinase controls dCK activity in response to synthetic CLA derivatives.
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25
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Grau-Expósito J, Luque-Ballesteros L, Navarro J, Curran A, Burgos J, Ribera E, Torrella A, Planas B, Badía R, Martin-Castillo M, Fernández-Sojo J, Genescà M, Falcó V, Buzon MJ. Latency reversal agents affect differently the latent reservoir present in distinct CD4+ T subpopulations. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007991. [PMID: 31425551 PMCID: PMC6715238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Latency reversal agents (LRAs) have proven to induce HIV-1 transcription in vivo but are ineffective at decreasing the size of the latent reservoir in antiretroviral treated patients. The capacity of the LRAs to perturb the viral reservoir present in distinct subpopulations of cells is currently unknown. Here, using a new RNA FISH/flow ex vivo viral reactivation assay, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the viral reactivation capacity of different families of LRAs, and their combinations, in different CD4+ T cell subsets. We observed that a median of 16.28% of the whole HIV-reservoir induced HIV-1 transcripts after viral reactivation, but only 10.10% of these HIV-1 RNA+ cells produced the viral protein p24. Moreover, none of the LRAs were powerful enough to reactivate HIV-1 transcription in all CD4+ T cell subpopulations. For instance, the combination of Romidepsin and Ingenol was identified as the best combination of drugs at increasing the proportion of HIV-1 RNA+ cells, in most, but not all, CD4+ T cell subsets. Importantly, memory stem cells were identified as highly resistant to HIV-1 reactivation, and only the combination of Panobinostat and Bryostatin-1 significantly increased the number of cells transcribing HIV within this subset. Overall, our results validate the use of the RNA FISH/flow technique to assess the potency of LRAs among different CD4+ T cell subsets, manifest the intrinsic differences between cells that encompass the latent HIV reservoir, and highlight the difficulty to significantly impact the latent infection with the currently available drugs. Thus, our results have important implications for the rational design of therapies aimed at reversing HIV latency from diverse cellular reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Grau-Expósito
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Luque-Ballesteros
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Navarro
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Curran
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Burgos
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Ribera
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Torrella
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Planas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Badía
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Martin-Castillo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Sojo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Buzon
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Tsarouchas TM, Wehner D, Cavone L, Munir T, Keatinge M, Lambertus M, Underhill A, Barrett T, Kassapis E, Ogryzko N, Feng Y, van Ham TJ, Becker T, Becker CG. Dynamic control of proinflammatory cytokines Il-1β and Tnf-α by macrophages in zebrafish spinal cord regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4670. [PMID: 30405119 PMCID: PMC6220182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to a massive response of innate immune cells in non-regenerating mammals, but also in successfully regenerating zebrafish. However, the role of the immune response in successful regeneration is poorly defined. Here we show that inhibiting inflammation reduces and promoting it accelerates axonal regeneration in spinal-lesioned zebrafish larvae. Mutant analyses show that peripheral macrophages, but not neutrophils or microglia, are necessary for repair. Macrophage-less irf8 mutants show prolonged inflammation with elevated levels of Tnf-α and Il-1β. Inhibiting Tnf-α does not rescue axonal growth in irf8 mutants, but impairs it in wildtype animals, indicating a pro-regenerative role of Tnf-α. In contrast, decreasing Il-1β levels or number of Il-1β+ neutrophils rescue functional regeneration in irf8 mutants. However, during early regeneration, interference with Il-1β function impairs regeneration in irf8 and wildtype animals. Hence, inflammation is dynamically controlled by macrophages to promote functional spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. While proinflammatory signalling is preventive to axon regrowth, activated macrophages can be beneficial, for example by limiting the inflammation. This study uses mutant zebrafish lines that lack macrophages and/or microglia to show that peripheral macrophages are necessary in axon regrowth following complete transection of spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis M Tsarouchas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Leonardo Cavone
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tahimina Munir
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marvin Lambertus
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Underhill
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Thomas Barrett
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Elias Kassapis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nikolay Ogryzko
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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27
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Partial Inactivation of the Chromatin Remodelers SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 in Virus-Infected Cells by Caspase-Mediated Cleavage. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00343-18. [PMID: 29848589 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00343-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The BAF-chromatin remodeling complex, with its mutually exclusive ATPases SMARCA2 and SMARCA4, is essential for the transcriptional activation of numerous genes, including a subset of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Here, we show that C-terminally truncated forms of both SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 accumulate in cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses. The levels of truncated SMARCA2 or SMARCA4 strongly correlate with the degree of cell damage and death observed after virus infection. The use of a pan-caspase inhibitor and genetically modified cell lines unable to undergo apoptosis revealed that the truncated forms result from the activity of caspases downstream of the activated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. C-terminally cleaved SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 lack potential nuclear localization signals as well as the bromo- and SnAC domain, with the latter two domains believed to be essential for chromatin association and remodeling. Consistent with this belief, C-terminally truncated SMARCA2 was partially relocated to the cytoplasm. However, the remaining nuclear protein was sufficient to induce ISG expression and inhibit the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza A virus. This suggests that virus-induced apoptosis does not occur at the expense of an intact interferon-mediated antiviral response pathway.IMPORTANCE Efficient induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) prior to infection is known to effectively convert a cell into an antiviral state, blocking viral replication. Additionally, cells can undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis to control viral infection. Here, we identify SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 to be essential for the efficient induction of ISGs but also to be targeted by cellular caspases downstream of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. We find that C-terminally cleaved SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 accumulate at late stages of infection, when cell damage already had occurred. Cleavage of the C terminus removes domains important for nuclear localization and chromatin binding of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. Consequently, the cleaved forms are unable to efficiently accumulate in the cell nucleus. Intriguingly, the remaining nuclear C-terminally truncated SMARCA2 still induced ISG expression, although to lower levels. These data suggest that in virus-infected cells caspase-mediated cell death does not completely inactivate the SMARCA2- and SMARCA4-dependent interferon signaling pathway.
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28
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Bell R, Robles-Harris M, Anderson M, Laudier D, Schaffler M, Flatow E, Andarawis-Puri N. Inhibition of apoptosis exacerbates fatigue-damage tendon injuries in an in vivo rat model. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 36:44-56. [PMID: 30058060 PMCID: PMC6350530 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v036a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common and progressive musculoskeletal disease. Increased apoptosis is an end-stage tendinopathy manifestation, but its contribution to the pathology of the disease is unknown. A previously established in vivo model of fatigue damage accumulation shows that increased apoptosis is correlated with the severity of induced tendon damage, even in early onset of the disease, supporting its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease. Consequently, this study aimed to determine: (1) whether apoptosis could be inhibited after fatigue damage and (2) whether its inhibition could lead to remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and pericellular matrix (PCM), to ultimately improve the mechanical properties of fatigue-damaged tendons. The working hypothesis was that, despite the low vascular nature of the tendon, apoptosis would be inhibited, prompting increased production of matrix proteins and restoring tendon mechanical properties. Rats received 2 or 5 d of systemic pan-caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-OPh) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) carrier control injections starting immediately prior to fatigue loading and were sacrificed at days 7 and 14 post-fatigue-loading. Systemic pan-caspase inhibition for 2 d led to a surprising increase in apoptosis, but inhibition for 5 d increased the population of live cells that could repair the fatigue damage. Further analysis of the 5 d group showed that effective inhibition led to an increased population of cells producing ECM and PCM proteins, although typically in conjunction with oxidative stress markers. Ultimately, inhibition of apoptosis led to further deterioration in mechanical properties of fatigue-damaged tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bell
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M.A. Robles-Harris
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M. Anderson
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. Laudier
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.B. Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - E.L. Flatow
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. Andarawis-Puri
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Address for correspondence: Nelly Andarawis-Puri, PhD, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14850, NY, USA.
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Washausen S, Knabe W. Lateral line placodes of aquatic vertebrates are evolutionarily conserved in mammals. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031815. [PMID: 29848488 PMCID: PMC6031350 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Placodes are focal thickenings of the surface ectoderm which, together with neural crest, generate the peripheral nervous system of the vertebrate head. Here we examine how, in embryonic mice, apoptosis contributes to the remodelling of the primordial posterior placodal area (PPA) into physically separated otic and epibranchial placodes. Using pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis-associated caspases, we find evidence that apoptosis eliminates hitherto undiscovered rudiments of the lateral line sensory system which, in fish and aquatic amphibia, serves to detect movements, pressure changes or electric fields in the surrounding water. Our results refute the evolutionary theory, valid for more than a century that the whole lateral line was completely lost in amniotes. Instead, those parts of the PPA which, under experimental conditions, escape apoptosis have retained the developmental potential to produce lateral line placodes and the primordia of neuromasts that represent the major functional units of the mechanosensory lateral line system. Summary: Inhibition of apoptosis in mouse embryos reveals rudiments of the lateral line system, a sensory system common to fish and aquatic amphibia, but hypothesized to be completely lost in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Washausen
- Department Prosektur Anatomie, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Knabe
- Department Prosektur Anatomie, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Martínez-Torres AC, Zarate-Triviño DG, Lorenzo-Anota HY, Ávila-Ávila A, Rodríguez-Abrego C, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Chitosan gold nanoparticles induce cell death in HeLa and MCF-7 cells through reactive oxygen species production. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3235-3250. [PMID: 29910612 PMCID: PMC5987788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology has gained important interest, especially in the development of new therapies; the application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the treatment and detection of diseases is a growing trend in this field. As cancer represents a serious health problem around the world, AuNPs are studied as potential drugs or drug carriers for anticancer agents. Recent studies show that AuNPs stabilized with chitosan (CH) possess interesting biological activities, including potential antitumor effects that could be selective to cancer cells. Materials and methods In this study, we synthesized sodium citrate-AuNPs and CH-capped AuNPs of 3-10 nm, and analyzed their cytotoxicity in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Then, we evaluated the clonogenic potential, cell cycle, nuclear alterations, caspase dependence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HeLa and MCF-7 cells after chitosan gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNPs) exposure. Results Our data showed that CH-AuNPs are cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner in the cancer cell lines tested, while they induce low cytotoxicity in PBMCs. Sodium citrate gold nanoparticles did not show cytotoxic effects. In both HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, CH-AuNPs inhibit clonogenic potential without inducing cell cycle arrest or nuclear alterations. The cell death mechanism is specific for the type of cancer cell line tested, as it depends on caspase activation in HeLa cells, whereas it is caspase independent in MCF-7 cells. In all cases, ROS production is mandatory for cell death induction by CH-AuNPs, as ROS inhibition with N-acetyl cysteine inhibits cell death. Conclusion Our results show that CH-AuNPs are selective for HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells, rather than normal PBMCs, and that ROS production seems to be a conserved feature of the cell death mechanism induced by CH-AuNPs. These results improve the knowledge of CH-AuNPs and open the way to the design of new pharmacological strategies using these agents against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diana G Zarate-Triviño
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Helen Yarimet Lorenzo-Anota
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ávila-Ávila
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Abrego
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Q-VD-OPH Induced Necroptosis Following Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1200-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhao Y, Cui L, Pan Y, Shao D, Zheng X, Zhang F, Zhang H, He K, Chen L. Berberine inhibits the chemotherapy-induced repopulation by suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and phosphorylation of FAK in ovarian cancer. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28990249 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytotoxic chemotherapy is an effective and traditional treatment of ovarian cancer. However, chemotherapy-induced apoptosis may also trigger and ultimately accelerate the repopulation of the small number of adjacent surviving cells. This study mainly focused on the tumour cell repopulation caused by chemotherapy in ovarian cancer and the adjunctive/synergistic effect of Berberine on the prevention of tumour repopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transwell system was used to mimic the co-culture of surviving ovarian cancer cells in the microenvironment of cytotoxic chemotherapy-treated dying cells. Tumour cell proliferation was observed by crystal violet staining. AA and PGE2 levels were measured by ELISA, and changes of protein expression were analysed by Western blot. RESULTS Chemotherapy drug VP16 treatment triggered AA pathway, leading to the elevated PGE2 level, and ultimately enhanced the repopulation of ovarian cancer cells. Berberine can block the caspase 3-iPLA2 -AA-COX-2-PGE2 pathway by inhibiting the expression of iPLA2 and COX-2. Berberine can also reverse the increased phosphorylation of FAK caused by abnormal PGE2 level and thus reverse the repopulation of ovarian cancer cells after VP16 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our observation suggested that Berberine could inhibit the chemotherapy-induced repopulation of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the AA pathway and phosphorylation of FAK. And these findings implicated a novel combined use of Berberine and chemotherapeutics, which might prevent ovarian cancer recurrence by abrogating early tumour repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianzhi Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hansi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Shirazi M, Eslahi A, Sharifi V, Rahimi F, Safarpour A. Evaluation of Caspase 3 Enzyme and TNF-alpha as Biomarkers in Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children- a preliminary report. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:315-319. [PMID: 28523029 PMCID: PMC5432696 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.332.11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the applicability of urinary caspase 3 enzyme and TNF-α as biomarkers in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). METHODS In this study, 31 unilateral UPJO patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy childrens were enrolled. The patients with UPJO consisted of 11 female and 20 male children between the ages of 2 to 62 months old. All participants were evaluated regarding anterior-posterior(AP) diameter and cortical thickness of affected kidney by ultrasonography. Technetium DTPA renal scan and voiding cystourethrogram(to assess vesicoureteral reflux) were performed, pre-operatively. Also, urinary levels of TNF-α and caspase 3 enzyme were checked. Follow-ups included measurement of aforementioned indices in patients: AP diameter and cortical thickness of the affected kidney, as well as TNF-α and caspase 3 levels in urine, three and six months after pyeloplasty. RESULTS The results showed highly significant decrease in urinary TNF-α and caspase 3 enzyme (P values < 0.01), approaching the level measured in children without UPJO after six months. Significant decrease in AP diameter and increase in cortical thickness were also noticed (P values < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study strongly support that TNF-α and caspase 3 levels in urine can be used for improvement monitoring in follow-up of UPJO patients after pyeloplasty and can also be potentially used as determining indices for surgical plan but more studies, especially in patients who are not surgical candidates are needed to confirm our observaitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirazi
- Mehdi Shirazi, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Eslahi
- Ali Eslahi, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Sharifi
- Vahidreza Sharifi, Urologist, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Fatemeh Rahimi, Educational Manager, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Safarpour
- Alireza Safarpour, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Identifying and enriching platelet-producing human stem cell-derived megakaryocytes using factor V uptake. Blood 2017; 130:192-204. [PMID: 28455282 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-761049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived platelets have the potential to replace donor platelets for transfusion. Defining the platelet-producing megakaryocytes (MKs) within the heterogeneous MK culture may help to optimize the in vitro generation of platelets. Using 2 human stem cell models of megakaryopoiesis, we identified novel MK populations corresponding to distinct maturation stages. An immature, low granular (LG) MK pool (defined by side scatter on flow cytometry) gives rise to a mature high granular (HG) pool, which then becomes damaged by apoptosis and glycoprotein Ib α chain (CD42b) shedding. We define an undamaged HG/CD42b+ MK subpopulation, which endocytoses fluorescently labeled coagulation factor V (FV) from the media into α-granules and releases functional FV+CD42b+ human platelet-like particles in vitro and when infused into immunodeficient mice. Importantly, these FV+ particles have the same size distribution as infused human donor platelets and are preferentially incorporated into clots after laser injury. Using drugs to protect HG MKs from apoptosis and CD42b shedding, we also demonstrate that apoptosis precedes CD42b shedding and that apoptosis inhibition enriches the FV+ HG/CD42b+ MKs, leading to increased platelet yield in vivo, but not in vitro. These studies identify a transition between distinct MK populations in vitro, including one that is primed for platelet release. Technologies to optimize and select these platelet-ready MKs may be important to efficiently generate functional platelets from in vitro-grown MKs.
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Ogunsina M, Samadder P, Idowu T, Arthur G, Schweizer F. Replacing d-Glucosamine with Its l-Enantiomer in Glycosylated Antitumor Ether Lipids (GAELs) Retains Cytotoxic Effects against Epithelial Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2142-2147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makanjuola Ogunsina
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart
Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pranati Samadder
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Temilolu Idowu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart
Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart
Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Hameed A, Al-Rashida M, Uroos M, Abid Ali S, Khan KM. Schiff bases in medicinal chemistry: a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:63-79. [PMID: 27774821 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1252752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schiff bases are synthetically accessible and structurally diverse compounds, typically obtained by facile condensation between an aldehyde, or a ketone with primary amines. Schiff bases contain an azomethine (-C = N-) linkage that stitches together two or more biologically active aromatic/heterocyclic scaffolds to form various molecular hybrids with interesting biological properties. Schiff bases are versatile metal complexing agents and have been known to coordinate all metals to form stable metal complexes with vast therapeutic applications. Areas covered: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various patented therapeutic applications of Schiff bases and their metal complexes from 2010 to 2015. Expert opinion: Schiff bases are a popular class of compounds with interesting biological properties. Schiff bases are also versatile metal complexing ligands and have been used to coordinate almost all d-block metals as well as lanthanides. Therapeutically, Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial including antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, pesticidal, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer including DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- a H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- b Department of Chemistry , Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Maliha Uroos
- c Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- a H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- a H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
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Zhang L, Wang G, Chen S, Ding J, Ju S, Cao H, Tian H. Depletion of thymopoietin inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest/apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:267. [PMID: 27756319 PMCID: PMC5069786 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant nervous system tumor with an almost 100 % recurrence rate. Thymopoietin (TMPO) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various tumors, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and so on, but its role in GBM has not been reported. This study was aimed to determine the role of TMPO in GBM. METHODS Publicly available Oncomine dataset analysis was used to explore the expression level of TMPO in GBM specimens. Then the expression of TMPO was knocked down in GBM cells using lentiviral system, and the knockdown efficacy was further validated by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the effects of TMPO silencing on GBM cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry analysis. Meanwhile, the expression of apoptotic markers caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were investigated by western blot analysis. RESULTS This study observed that the expression of TMPO in GBM specimens was remarkably higher than that in normal brain specimens. Moreover, knockdown of TMPO could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. It also found that TMPO knockdown promoted cell apoptosis by upregulation of the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP protein levels which are the markers of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested TMPO might be a novel therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiming Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Heli Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hengli Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Bukowska B, Rogalska A, Marczak A. New potential chemotherapy for ovarian cancer - Combined therapy with WP 631 and epothilone B. Life Sci 2016; 151:86-92. [PMID: 26944437 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite more modern therapeutics approaches and the use of new drugs for chemotherapy, patients with ovarian cancer still have poor prognosis and therefore, new strategies for its cure are highly needed. One of the promising ways is combined therapy, which has many advantages as minimizing drug resistance, enhancing efficacy of treatment, and reducing toxicity. Combined therapy has rich and successful history in the field of ovarian cancer treatment. Currently use therapy is usually based on platinum-containing agent (carboplatin or cisplatin) and a member of taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel). In the mid-2000s this standard regimen has been expanded with bevacizumab, monoclonal antibody directed to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Another drug combination with promising perspectives is WP 631 given together with epothilone B (Epo B). WP 631 is a bisanthracycline composed of two molecules of daunorubicin linked with a p-xylenyl linker. Epo B is a 16-membered macrolide manifesting similar mechanism of action to taxanes. Their effectiveness against ovarian cancer as single agents is well established. However, the combination of WP 631 and Epo B appeared to act synergistically, meaning that it is much more potent than the single drugs. The mechanism lying under its efficacy includes disturbing essential cell cycle-regulating proteins leading to mitotic slippage and following apoptosis, as well as affecting EpCAM and HMGB1 expression. In this article, we summarized the current state of knowledge regarding combined therapy based on WP 631 and Epo B as a potential way of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bukowska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Liu ZH, Zhang SY, Yu YY, Su GQ. (-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid presents antitumor activity in HT-29 human colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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