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Gedamu D, Shimels T, Kassie D, Chanyalew Z, Eyasu M. Thyroid Malignancy in Patients Who Underwent Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiter and Solitary Thyroid Nodule. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300322. [PMID: 38815179 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Worldwide, incidence of thyroid malignancy is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and magnitude of nodule types. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, among patients who underwent thyroidectomy from May 2018 to June 2022. Data were extracted using a structured format. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 26 software. Results were presented in terms of percentages and frequencies. RESULTS During a 4-year period, 1,476 patients had thyroidectomies and histopathologic information of 212 malignant cases was studied. Within multinodular goiter (MNG), thyroid cancer accounted for 69.8% (n = 148) of patients, whereas in solitary nodules, it accounted for 30.2%. From the total, 160 participants (75.5%) were female, and the female:male ratio was 3.1 (mean, 41.72; ± standard deviation [SD], 16.44) years, and age range of 12-88 years versus men, who have a mean of 44.71 (±SD, 14.91) years and an age range of 21-78 years. The mean age of male cases with solitary nodule and MNG was 40.6 and 46.5 years, respectively. The most frequent cancer in both types of nodules, accounting for 59% of patients, was papillary carcinoma, which was found in 64% of solitary nodules and 57.4% of multinodular nodules. Overall, 14.1% of tumors had multiple centers (17.4% in multinodular nodules and 6.9% in solitary nodules). In 7.1% of patients, microcarcinoma (<1 cm) was found, with papillary carcinoma accounting for 91.7% of the total. CONCLUSION Compared with men, women with cancer typically manifested at a younger age. Males with malignancy in solitary nodules had a lower mean age than those with MNGs. The most frequent and significant cause of multicentric presentation is papillary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalew Gedamu
- Department of Pathology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Shimels
- St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Kassie
- Department of Pathology, Gondar Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zewditu Chanyalew
- Department of Pathology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Eyasu
- Department of Pharmacology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Christensen JD, Basheer HT, Lado Abeal JJ. Thyroid Cancer Prevalence, Risk Exposure, and Clinical Features Among Transgender Female Veterans. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae060. [PMID: 38633896 PMCID: PMC11023629 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transgender women experience higher-than-average rates of multiple medical conditions. Thyroid cancer occurs more frequently in those assigned female at birth than in those assigned male at birth. We sought to characterize thyroid cancer among transgender female veterans. Methods We reviewed charts of veterans who were (1) seen in Veterans Affairs clinics across the United States from July 2017 to December 2022, (2) had an International Classification of Diseases, revision 10, diagnosis code for thyroid cancer, and (3) had an International Classification of Diseases, revision 10, diagnosis code for gender dysphoria or were assigned male at birth and ever had a prescription for estrogens. Charts of cisgender veterans were also reviewed for comparison. Results Compared with calculated estimates of 0.641% (95% CI, 0.572-0.724) among cisgender females and 0.187% (95% CI, 0.156-0.219) among cisgender males, the measured prevalence among transgender female veterans was 0.341% (34/9988). Average age at thyroid cancer diagnosis in this population was 53.8 (± SEM 2.61) years. A total of 32.3% (11/34) of these patients had extrathyroidal disease at diagnosis. Discussion To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of thyroid cancer prevalence among transgender women in the United States. Risk exposure among all transgender veterans including further assessment of the possible contributions of obesity, smoking, and gender-affirming hormone therapy are important future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
| | - Hiba T Basheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
| | - Jose Joaquin Lado Abeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Wang H, He M, Guo R. Current and future of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer based on bibliometrics and clinical trials. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:50. [PMID: 38403820 PMCID: PMC10894806 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a leading endocrine malignancy, with anaplastic and medullary subtypes posing treatment challenges. Existing therapies have limited efficacy, highlighting a need for innovative approaches. METHODS We analyzed 658 articles and 87 eligible clinical trials using bibliometric tools and database searches, including annual publication and citation trends, were executed using Web of Science, CiteSpace, and VOS Viewer. RESULTS Post-2018, there is a surge in thyroid cancer immunotherapy research, primarily from China and the University of Pisa. Of the 87 trials, 32 were Phase I and 55 were Phase II, mostly exploring combination therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION The study's dual approach verifies the swift advancement of thyroid cancer immunotherapy from diverse perspectives. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the preferred regimen for advanced MTC and ATC in late therapeutic lines. However, since ICB plays a pivotal role in ATC, current clinical trial data show that ATC patients account for more and the curative effect is more accurate. Anticipated future developments are inclined toward combination regimens integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Emerging approaches, such as bispecific antibodies, cytokine-based therapies, and adoptive cell therapies like CAR-T and TCR-T, are exhibiting considerable potential. Upcoming research is expected to concentrate on refining the tumor immune milieu and discovering novel biomarkers germane to immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Minghua He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Kwon H, Han KD, Moon SJ, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer Among Young Adults in South Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1095-e1104. [PMID: 37921093 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are known risk factors for thyroid cancer. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between NAFLD and thyroid cancer risk in young adults. METHODS This nationwide cohort study included 1 135 967 participants aged 20 to 39 years who underwent 4 consecutive health screenings in South Korea. NAFLD was categorized using the fatty liver index (FLI), as follows: ≥60, 30 to 60, and <30. The cumulative FLI points were defined as the number of times participants had a FLI of ≥30 (0-4). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 4126 participants (0.36%) were newly diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Compared with the participants with an FLI of <30, those with an FLI of 30 to 60 (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [95% CI, 1.22-1.51] and women: HR 1.44 [1.21-1.70]) and those with an FLI of ≥60 (men: HR 1.71 [1.53-1.92] and women: HR 1.81 [1.46-2.25]) had a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer. Participants with higher cumulative FLI points had a higher risk of thyroid cancer compared to those with a cumulative FLI point of 0 (P < .001). During the follow-up period, the participants with an increased FLI exhibited an increased risk of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in young adults. Repeatedly elevated FLI and progression of NAFLD were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
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Guo R, Zheng B, Wu T, Lian Y, Yin T, He Y, Qin J, Yao Z, Xu W, Ren J. The two-year prognosis of multinodular goiter following radiofrequency ablation: based on all nodule burdens. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:ETJ-23-0134. [PMID: 38290216 PMCID: PMC10895299 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies used all nodule burdens to specify the prognosis of multinodular goiter (MNG) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA), so this study addresses this question for MNG after completely ablating dominant nodules. METHODS The RFA indications for MNG included a total of 2-5 benign nodules with over 50% normal tissue on ultrasound, 1-3 well-defined benign dominant nodules on cytology, largest diameter ≥20 mm and/or with clinical complaints, and patient refusal or unable of surgery. A retrospective study of 185 MNG patients with completely ablated dominant nodules in a single-session RFA was conducted. The efficacy and complications were evaluated at 1, 6, 12 months and yearly thereafter. Based on retreatment risks, progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD) and complete relief (CR) were introduced to assess all nodule load changes. PD was clarified as having new/non-target nodules newly appeared to ACR TI-RADS≥4, or new/enlarged non-target nodules ≥1 cm. RESULTS The initial ablation ratios of target nodules were 100% at one month. During a mean 22.38±13.75 months (range, 12-60 months), the VRR of ablated nodules was 98.25% at 24 months without regrowth. Cosmetic and symptomatic scores decreased to 1 and 0, respectively, after 48 months. 9.7% of patients (18/185) had PD and the retreatment rate was 2.2% (4/185). The complication rate was 2.7% (5/185). CONCLUSIONS RFA provides cosmetic and symptomatic relief for an average of two years. RFA is an useful minimally invasive treatment modality for selected MNG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- R Guo, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- B Zheng, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wu
- T Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Lian
- Y Lian, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghui Yin
- T Yin, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Y He, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Qin
- J Qin, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Z Yao, Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- W Xu, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ren
- J Ren, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhan Y, Mao W, Wang B, Dong P, Na R. Interaction between Genetic Risks and Socioeconomic Factors on Thyroid Cancer: Evidence from 0.5 Million UK Biobank Participants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5028. [PMID: 37894396 PMCID: PMC10605197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a research gap between genetic predisposition, socioeconomic factors, and their interactions on thyroid tumorigenesis. METHODS Individual and genetic data were obtained from UK Biobank. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between genetic risk, socioeconomic factors, and thyroid cancer (TCa). A stratified analysis was conducted to estimate their joint effects. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further used to examine the potential causality. RESULTS A total of 502,394 participants were included in this study. Three index loci (rs4449583, rs7726159, and rs7725218) of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were found to be significantly related to incident TCa. Association analyses showed that high genetic risk, low household income, and high education level were independent risk factors, while unemployment and frequent social connection were suggestive risk factors for TCa. Interaction analyses showed that in participants with low genetic risk, low household income was significantly associated with TCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-2.46). In participants with high genetic risk, those with a high education level (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06-1.65) and frequent social connection (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.02-1.81) had a significantly increased risk of TCa. However, no causal relationship was observed in the MR analysis. CONCLUSION Interactions exist between genetic risk, household income, education level, and social connection and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yongle Zhan
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Baoxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Pin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Rong Na
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li H, Yang M, Yang J, Seery S, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li A, Guo H. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the associated thyroid cancer risk: A case-control study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139411. [PMID: 37419160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as thyroid carcinogens is unclear. Therefore, we intended to identify associations between each PFAS congener and their mixture with thyroid cancer risk. This case-control study of thyroid cancer was conducted in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. Three hundred participants were recruited from January to May 2022 and were matched according to sex and age. Twelve PFAS were assessed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between PFAS congeners and thyroid cancer risk were considered under conditional logistic regression analysis and a restricted cubic spline model. Mixture effects were also assessed with quantile g-computation and a Bayesian kernel machine regression model. Compared to the first tertile, third tertile PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFDA, and PFUnDA concentrations were associated with lower thyroid cancer risk (ORPFOA: 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.69; ORPFNA: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.46; ORPFHxS: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15-0.92; ORPFDA: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.23; ORPFUnDA: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05-0.30) after adjusting for confounding factors. PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA had a negative dose-response relationship with thyroid cancer risk. Mixture analysis also showed that thyroid cancer risk is negatively associated with the overall mixture and carboxylates. In the overall mixture, PFOS and PFDA contributed most to positive and negative changes in thyroid cancer risk, respectively. However, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA were of equally high importance. This study is the first to confirm the effects of the PFAS mixture on thyroid cancer, and further large-scale prospective studies are still warranted to test these inverse associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Samuel Seery
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK; School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoying Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Liu C, Wang LQ, Zhang M, Deng YL, Luo Q, Liu EN, Chen PP, Miao Y, Yang P, Zeng Q. Oxidative stress mediates the associations between phthalate exposures and thyroid cancer/benign nodule risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121462. [PMID: 36958664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that phthalate exposures are associated with increased risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule, while the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we explored the mediation effects of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in the associations between phthalate exposures and the risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule. Urine samples collected from 143 thyroid cancer, 136 nodule patients, and 141 healthy controls were analyzed for 8 phthalate metabolites and 3 OS biomarkers [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α)]. Multivariable linear or logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of OS biomarkers with phthalate metabolite concentrations and the risks of thyroid cancer and nodule. The mediation role of OS biomarkers was also investigated. Urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were positively associated with at least 2 OS biomarkers (all P-values<0.01), and part of these positive associations varied in different subgroups. All 3 OS biomarkers were positively associated with the risks of thyroid nodule and cancer (P-values<0.001). The mediation analysis showed that OS biomarkers significantly mediated the associations between urinary MEHOP concentration and nodule, as well as between urinary MMP, MEHP, and MEHHP concentrations and cancer and nodule, with the estimated proportions of mediation ranging from 15.8% to 85.6%. Our results suggest that OS is a potential mediating mechanism through which phthalate exposures induce thyroid carcinogenesis and nodular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Long-Qiang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Er-Nan Liu
- Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Demetriou E, Fokou M, Frangos S, Papageorgis P, Economides PA, Economides A. Thyroid Nodules and Obesity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1292. [PMID: 37374075 DOI: 10.3390/life13061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely discussed topic in the pathophysiology of thyroid nodules is the role of obesity, a state that leads to increased systemic inflammatory markers. Leptin plays a vital role in forming thyroid nodules and cancer through several mechanisms. Together with chronic inflammation, there is an augmentation in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), which contributed to cancer development, progression and metastasis. In addition, leptin exerts a modulatory action in the growth, proliferation and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cell lines via activating various signal pathways, such as Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt). Through several proposed mechanisms, aberrant endogenous estrogen levels have been suggested to play a vital role in the development of both benign and malignant nodules. Metabolic syndrome triggers the development of thyroid nodules by stimulating thyroid proliferation and angiogenesis due to hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance influences the distribution and structure of the thyroid blood vessels. Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin affect the regulation of the expression of thyroid genes and the proliferation and differentiation of thyroid cells. TSH can promote the differentiation of pre-adipocytes to mature adipocytes but also, in the presence of insulin, TSH possesses mitogenic properties. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms explaining the role of obesity in the pathophysiology of thyroid nodules and discuss potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Demetriou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Fokou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas Frangos
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Thyroid Cancer Clinic, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panayiotis A Economides
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Economides Thyroid and Endocrinology Center, Engomi, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aliki Economides
- Economides Thyroid and Endocrinology Center, Engomi, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Antonia TD, Maria LI, Ancuta-Augustina GG. Preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules - Diagnosis and management strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154516. [PMID: 37196471 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with increasing incidence over the past few decades. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the gold standard for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancies. Nevertheless, this method renders indeterminate results in up to 30% of the cases. Therefore, these patients are often referred to unnecessary surgery to establish the diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, several other ways, such as ultrasonography, elastography, immunohistochemical analysis, genetic testing, and core needle biopsy, have been developed and can be used either in association with or as an alternative to FNA. This review aims to evaluate all these diagnostic tools to determine the most appropriate way of managing thyroid nodules and subsequently improve the selection of cases referred to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapoi Dana Antonia
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; University Emergency Hospital, Department of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lambrescu Ioana Maria
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Bucharest, Romania; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gheorghisan-Galateanu Ancuta-Augustina
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Bucharest, Romania; CI Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Hussein M, Mueller L, Issa PP, Haidari M, Trinh L, Toraih E, Kandil E. Sexual disparity and the risk of second primary thyroid cancer: a paradox. Gland Surg 2023; 12:432-441. [PMID: 37200932 PMCID: PMC10186173 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive research on sex differences in primary thyroid cancer, there is a lack of data on the role of sex in the risk of developing second primary thyroid cancer (SPTC). We aimed to investigate the risk of SPTC development according to patient sex, with an emphasis concerning previous malignancy location as well as age. METHODS Cancer survivors diagnosed with SPTC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER*Stat software package obtained standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks of subsequent thyroid cancer development. RESULTS Data for 9,730 (62.3%) females and 5,890 (37.7%) males were extracted for a total of 15,620 SPTC individuals. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the highest incidence of SPTC [SIR =2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.49-2.86]. The risk of SPTC was higher in males (SIR =2.01, 95% CI: 1.94-2.08) than when compared to females (SIR =1.83, 95% CI: 1.79-1.88; P<0.001). Head and neck tumors had significantly higher SIRs for SPTC development in males when compared to females. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of primary malignancies have an increased risk SPTC, especially males. Our work suggests that oncologists and endocrinologists may consider the need for increased surveillance of both male and female patients given their increased risk of SPTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lauren Mueller
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Peter P. Issa
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Muhib Haidari
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lily Trinh
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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12
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Wang F, Li C, Li S, Cui L, Zhao J, Liao L. Selenium and thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133000. [PMID: 37033262 PMCID: PMC10080082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, a non-metallic element, is a micronutrient essential for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. In adults, the thyroid contains the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Most known selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase, are expressed in the thyroid and are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, redox state regulation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Some clinical studies have shown that lack of selenium will increase the prevalence of several kinds of thyroid diseases. Selenium treatment in patients with Graves' orbitopathy has been shown to delay disease progression and improve the quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis was associated with the decreased levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and improved thyroid ultrasound structure. In thyroid cancer, various selenium supplements have shown variable anticancer activity. However, published results remain the conflicting and more clinical evidence is still needed to determine the clinical significance of selenium. This article reviews the strong association between selenium and thyroid disease and provides new ideas for the clinical management of selenium in thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junyu Zhao, ; Lin Liao,
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junyu Zhao, ; Lin Liao,
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13
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Feng X, Wang F, Yang W, Zheng Y, Liu C, Huang L, Li L, Cheng H, Cai H, Li X, Chen X, Yang X. Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2246311. [PMID: 36508215 PMCID: PMC9856466 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Genetic and lifestyle factors are related to thyroid cancer (TC). Whether a healthy lifestyle is associated with TC and could attenuate the influence of genetic variants in TC remains equivocal. Objectives To examine the associations between genetics and healthy lifestyle with incident TC and whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle modifies the association between genetic variants and TC. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data recruited 502 505 participants aged 40 to 69 years between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. A total of 307 803 participants of European descent were recruited at baseline, and 264 956 participants were available for the present study. Data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2021, to April 22, 2022. Exposures Lifestyle behaviors were determined by diet index, physical activity, weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle was categorized as unfavorable (scores 0-1), intermediate (score 2), and favorable (scores 3-5). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived from a meta-genome-wide association study using 3 cohorts and categorized as low, intermediate, and high. Main Outcomes and Measures Thyroid cancer was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (code 193), International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (code C73), and self-report (code 1065). Results Of 264 956 participants, 137 665 were women (52%). The median age was 57 (IQR, 49-62) years. During a median follow-up of 11.1 (IQR, 10.33-11.75) years (2 885 046 person-years), 423 incident TCs were ascertained (14.66 per 100 000 person-years). Higher PRSs were associated with TC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.91-2.64; P = 8.65 × 10-23). An unfavorable lifestyle was also associated with a higher risk of TC (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.50-2.49; P < .001). When stratified by PRS, unfavorable lifestyle was associated with TC in the higher PRS group (favorable vs unfavorable HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73; P < .001). Furthermore, participants with both a high PRS and unfavorable lifestyle had the highest risk of TC (HR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.03-7.91; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study, genetic and lifestyle factors were independently associated with incident TC, which suggests that a healthier lifestyle may attenuate the deleterious influence of genetics on the risk of TC in individuals of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory on Precise Prevention and Treatment for Thyroid Tumor, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longman Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory on Precise Prevention and Treatment for Thyroid Tumor, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory on Precise Prevention and Treatment for Thyroid Tumor, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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14
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Jang Y, Kim T, Kim BHS, Park B. Association between Obesity Indexes and Thyroid Cancer Risk in Korean Women: Nested Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194712. [PMID: 36230635 PMCID: PMC9563606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the association between various obesity indexes, including waist circumference (WC), waist−hip ratio (WHR), waist−height ratio (WHTR), and BMI, and their combinations with body mass index (BMI) and thyroid cancer risk. Methods: Of the 65,639 participants who completed a follow-up survey of the Health Examinee Study (HEXA), a prospective cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 412 female incident thyroid cancer cases, and 1648 birth year- and enrollment year-matched female controls were included. Multiple conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between obesity indexes and thyroid cancer risk. Results: The risk of developing thyroid cancer was increased by 1.37-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03−1.81) higher in the obese BMI group (≥25.0 Kg/m2) compared to that in the normal BMI group (<23.0 Kg/m2). Obesity in terms of WC (≥85.0 cm) and WHTR (≥0.5) was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR 1.55, 95% CI = 1.16−2.07; OR 1.37, 95% CI = 1.07−1.75, respectively). However, increased WHR levels did not show any significant association. Women with both obese levels of BMI (≥25.0 Kg/m2) and other obesity indexes (WC ≥ 85.0 cm, WHR ≥ 0.85, or WHTR ≥ 0.5) showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer with OR of 1.63 (95% CI = 1.14−2.31), 1.49 (95% CI = 1.05−2.12), and 1.42 (95% CI = 1.04−1.94), compared to those with normal levels of BMI and each obesity index. Conclusion: These results provide evidence of the contribution of both total and central adiposity across the lifespan of thyroid cancer incidence. Risk factor modifications must be considered to explain the current thyroid cancer epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Program in Regional Information, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taehwa Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea
| | - Brian H. S. Kim
- Program in Regional Information, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.H.S.K.); (B.P.); Tel.: +82-2-880-4717 (B.H.S.K.); +82-2-2220-0682 (B.P.); Fax: +82-2-873-5080 (B.H.S.K.); +82-31-2220-0699 (B.P.)
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.H.S.K.); (B.P.); Tel.: +82-2-880-4717 (B.H.S.K.); +82-2-2220-0682 (B.P.); Fax: +82-2-873-5080 (B.H.S.K.); +82-31-2220-0699 (B.P.)
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15
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Thyroid Cancer and Psoriasis: A Nested Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102297. [PMID: 36291985 PMCID: PMC9601172 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researchers have suggested an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (TC) in patients with psoriasis with mixed results. The current study evaluated the relationship of psoriasis with the risk of TC in an adult population. The data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Health Screening Cohort ≥ 40 years old were analyzed. In total, 6822 patients with TC were equalized with 27,288 control participants using overlap weighting adjustment based on the propensity score. The history of psoriasis was compared between the TC and control groups using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary analyses were conducted according to age, sex, income, region of residence, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, the Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyrotoxicosis, and thyroiditis. The history of psoriasis was not different in patients with TC (overlap-weighted odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.85−1.22). The <55-year-old group showed a high rate of TC associated with psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.22−2.36, p = 0.002). The population without hypothyroidism demonstrated an increased rate of TC related to psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06−1.57, p = 0.012). The patients with hypothyroidism showed a low rate of TC for psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37−0.96, p = 0.034). None of the other subgroups showed an association between psoriasis and TC. Psoriasis was not related to the risk of TC in the overall adult population. Young adults and populations without hypothyroidism indicated an elevated rate of TC for psoriasis.
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Micali C, Russotto Y, Celesia BM, Santoro L, Marino A, Pellicanò GF, Nunnari G, Venanzi Rullo E. Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Asymptomatic Dysfunction in People Living With HIV. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:655-667. [PMID: 36136821 PMCID: PMC9498502 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases (TDs) and thyroid asymptomatic dysfunctions (TADs) are correlated with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as well as many endocrine dysfunctions and dysregulation of hormonal axes. To date, available studies on People Living With HIV (PLWH) affected by thyroid diseases and asymptomatic dysfunctions are few and rather controversial. The purpose of the present non-systematic literature review is to recap the current knowledge on the main features of thyroid dysfunctions and disorders in PLWH. Large cohort studies are needed for a better comprehension of the impact, evolution and treatment of thyroid pathologies in the HIV-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Micali
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Russotto
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2032
| | - Benedetto Maurizio Celesia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Santoro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Marino
- Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Hao R, Yu P, Gui L, Wang N, Pan D, Wang S. Relationship between Serum Levels of Selenium and Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:14-23. [PMID: 35996814 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most malignant tumors and a serious threat to human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is critical for thyroid function. Since the relationship between Se and thyroid cancer remains unclear, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relationship. A total of five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library) were searched for case-control studies and cohort studies on serum levels of Se and thyroid cancer published up to 13 July 2022. Seven articles consisting of 10 case-control studies and comprised of 2,205 subjects met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. From the 10 selected studies, pooled analysis indicated that thyroid cancer patients had lower serum levels of Se than healthy controls [standardized mean difference = -1.25, 95% confidence interval = (-2.07, -0.44), P = 0.003]. Our meta-analysis supports a significant relationship between serum levels of Se and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, P.R. China
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18
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Hoang T, Lee EK, Lee J, Hwangbo Y, Kim J. Seaweed and Iodine Intakes and SLC5A5 rs77277498 in Relation to Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:513-523. [PMID: 35607818 PMCID: PMC9262681 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study aims to elucidate the associations among dietary seaweed (gim and miyeok/dashima) and iodine intakes, the rs77277498 polymorphism of the SLC5A5 gene codifying the sodium/iodine symporter, and thyroid cancer risk in a Korean population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 117 thyroid cancer cases and 173 controls who participated in the Cancer Screenee Cohort between 2002 and 2014 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The amount of seaweed and iodine consumption (g/day) was estimated using the residual energy adjustment method. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a multivariable logistic regression model for the separate and combined effect of dietary iodine-based intake and SLC5A5 polymorphism (rs77277498, C>G) on thyroid cancer. RESULTS Dietary gim and iodine intakes were inversely associated with thyroid cancer, with ORs of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.83) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.95), respectively, whereas the associations for dietary miyeok/dashima and total seaweed intakes were not significant. However, compared with individuals carrying the C/C genotype of the rs77277498 polymorphism with a low intake of all dietary factors, those carrying the G allele with a high intake had a lower risk of thyroid cancer, with ORs of 0.25 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.56), 0.31 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.77), 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.62), and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.73) for the consumption of gim, miyeok/dashima, total seaweed, and iodine, respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, our results supported the evidence of the protective effects of dietary gim and iodine intake against thyroid cancer risk, and this association can be strengthened by SLC5A5 rs77277498 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yul Hwangbo
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jeongseon Kim Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel: +82-31-920-2570, Fax: +82-31-920-2579, E-mail:
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The Effect of Gout on Thyroid Cancer Incidence: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060887. [PMID: 35743671 PMCID: PMC9224672 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with gout. Participants ≥40 years old in the Korean National Health Insurance Service−Health Screening Cohort were investigated. A total of 5844 patients with thyroid cancer were paired with 23,376 comparison participants (no history of thyroid cancer) to build the nested case−control study. A previous history of gout was collected from both the thyroid cancer and comparison participants. The relationship of thyroid cancer with a prior history of gout was analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model. The rate of gout was higher in the patients with thyroid cancer than in the comparison group. In the total study population, the relationship of thyroid cancer with a prior history of gout was not statistically evident. A previous history of gout was related to an increased risk of gout in the <60 years old, normal weight, abnormal blood pressure, and CCI score = 0 groups. The occurrence of thyroid cancer was not associated with a prior history of gout in the general adult population. However, a prior history of gout was related to an elevated risk of thyroid cancer in middle-aged and healthy populations without comorbidities.
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Xiao Z, Zhao H. Ferroptosis-Related APOE, BCL3 and ALOX5AP Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:157-165. [PMID: 35241926 PMCID: PMC8887669 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s352225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the ferroptosis-related genes apolipoprotein E (APOE), BCL3 transcription coactivator (BCL3) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) and the risk of thyroid cancer. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), BCL3 (rs34698726 and rs8100239) and ALOX5AP (rs4076128 and rs4073259) were genotyped in 520 papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and 520 healthy controls using the MassARRAY platform. Results The rs429358-TC, rs34698726-TA/TT, and rs8100239-AT/AA genotypes exhibited an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (prs429358 = 0.002, prs34698726 = 0.007, prs8100239 = 0.002), while rs7412-CT/TT and rs4076128-GA/GG were found to be protective genotypes against the risk of disease (prs7412 = 0.0003, prs4076128 = 0.0001). Genetic model analysis showed that APOE-rs429358 was correlated with an increased risk of disease under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0004, plog-additive = 0.0006). BCL3-s34698726 and rs8100239 were associated with an elevated risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). In contrast, APOE-rs7412 was related to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0001, plog-additive = 0.0001). Moreover, ALOX5AP-rs4076128 was also correlated with a reduced risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results help us better understand how genetic polymorphisms in ferroptosis-related genes are relevant to thyroid cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Xiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhifu Xiao, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 29 Shuangtasi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 0351-4960327, Email
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Central Lab, General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030003, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Thyroid Cancer Diagnostics Related to Occupational and Environmental Risk Factors: An Integrated Risk Assessment Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020318. [PMID: 35204408 PMCID: PMC8870864 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still many questions remaining about the etiopathogenesis of thyroid cancer, the most common type of endocrine neoplasia. Numerous occupational and environmental exposures have been shown to represent important risk factors that increase its incidence. Updated information about thyroid cancer diagnostics related to occupational and environmental risk factors is reviewed here, considering an integrated risk assessment approach; new data concerning thyroid cancer etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers and methodologies, and risk factors involved in its pathogenesis are presented. A special emphasis is dedicated to specific occupational risk factors and to the association between environmental risk agents and thyroid cancer development. The occupational environment is taken into consideration, i.e., the current workplace and previous jobs, as well as data regarding risk factors, e.g., age, gender, family history, lifestyle, use of chemicals, or radiation exposure outside the workplace. Finally, an integrative approach is presented, underlying the need for an accurate Risk Assessment Matrix based on a systematic questionnaire. We propose a complex experimental design that contains different inclusion and exclusion criteria for patient groups, detailed working protocols for achieving coherent and sustainable, well-defined research stages from sample collection to the identification of biomarkers, with correlations between specific oncometabolites integrated into the Risk Assessment Matrix.
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22
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of iodine intake on the risk of thyroid cancer. However, their relationship is still obscure. The objective of the present study was to examine the association in the Chinese population. A new ecological study which combined the Data of Annual Report of Cancer, the Survey of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) surveillance and the Water Iodine Survey was conducted to analyse the relationship between iodine intake and the thyroid cancer incidence in China. In total, 281 counties were included. Thyroid cancer incidence was negatively correlated with the consumption rate of qualified iodised salt (CRQIS) and positively correlated with goiter prevalence (GP) of children aged 8-10 years, residents' annual income and coastal status. Areas with a low CRQIS and areas with a high GP had a relatively high incidence of thyroid cancer. Regression models showed that a low CRQIS and a high GP in children aged 8-10 years (both reflecting iodine deficiency status) play a substantial role in thyroid cancer incidence in both males and females. Additionally, living in coastal areas and having a high annual income may also increase the risk of thyroid cancer. These findings suggest that mild iodine deficiency may contribute to the exceptionally high incidence of thyroid cancer in some areas in China. Maintaining appropriate iodine nutrition not only helps to eliminate IDD but also may help to reduce the occurrence of thyroid cancer.
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23
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Cordes M, Götz TI, Lang EW, Coerper S, Kuwert T, Schmidkonz C. Advanced thyroid carcinomas: neural network analysis of ultrasonographic characteristics. Thyroid Res 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 34187534 PMCID: PMC8240264 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-021-00107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for detection and classification of thyroid nodules. Certain characteristics observable by ultrasound have recently been identified that may indicate malignancy. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to test the hypothesis that advanced thyroid carcinomas show distinctive clinical and sonographic characteristics. Using a neural network model as proof of concept, nine clinical/sonographic features served as input. METHODS All 96 study enrollees had histologically confirmed thyroid carcinomas, categorized (n = 32, each) as follows: group 1, advanced carcinoma (ADV) marked by local invasion or distant metastasis; group 2, non-advanced papillary carcinoma (PTC); or group 3, non-advanced follicular carcinoma (FTC). Preoperative ultrasound profiles were obtained via standardized protocols. The neural network had nine input neurons and one hidden layer. RESULTS Mean age and the number of male patients in group 1 were significantly higher compared with groups 2 (p = 0.005) or 3 (p < 0.001). On ultrasound, tumors of larger volume and irregular shape were observed significantly more often in group 1 compared with groups 2 (p < 0.001) or 3 (p ≤ 0.01). Network accuracy in discriminating advanced vs. non-advanced tumors was 84.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.5-91), with positive and negative predictive values of 87.1% (95% CI: 70.2-96.4) and 92.3% (95% CI: 83.0-97.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown some evidence that advanced thyroid tumors demonstrate distinctive clinical and sonographic characteristics. Further prospective investigations with larger numbers of patients and multicenter design should be carried out to show whether a neural network incorporating these features may be an asset, helping to classify malignancies of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cordes
- Radiologisch-Nuklearmedizinisches Zentrum, Martin-Richter-Str. 43, 90489, Nürnberg, Germany. .,Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Ida Götz
- CIML Group, Biophysics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Coerper
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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He JL, Zhang C, Hu MJ, Wu HB, Lu XL, Hao JH, Huang F. Reproductive and menstrual factors for papillary thyroid cancer risk: A case-control study in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101964. [PMID: 34098220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is threefold more common in women than men. Reproductive and menstrual factors may be related to the onset of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study aims to determine the association of reproductive and menstrual factors with PTC in Chinese females. METHODS A total of 335 histologically confirmed cases of PTC were recruited in this case-control study. The controls were matched for age with a deviation of ± 2 years, which conducted from September 2016 to February 2019. Logistic regression models were applied to identify the association of reproductive and menstrual factors with PTC. RESULTS After adjustment by some variables, early menarche age (OR ≤ 13 years vs. > 13years = 2.40, 95 % CI 1.12-5.13) and shorter lifetime breastfeeding (OR <6 months vs. ≥ 6 months = 1.99, 95 % CI 1.11-3.55) significantly increased the risk of PTC, whereas younger age at first pregnancy had a protective effect against PTC (OR ≤ 24years vs. > 24 years = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.44-0.98). There was a positive correlation between premenopausal and PTC in the lower age group (OR premenopausal vs. Menopause by natural =2.34, 95 %CI 1.03-5.28). CONCLUSIONS Early menarche age, abortion, shorter breastfeeding duration and premenopausal may be related to the occurrence of PTC. Early age at first pregnancy and larger number of full-time pregnancies were possible to decrease the risk of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China; Xuzhou Institution of Health Inspection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, PR China
| | - Ming-Jun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Hua-Bing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Xue-Lei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China.
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China.
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Lee JH, Chai YJ, Yi KH. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Thyroid Cancer: Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:590-598. [PMID: 34034364 PMCID: PMC8258339 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking is generally carcinogenic, its effect on thyroid cancers is still subject to controversy. The purpose of this study was to summarize the role of smoking in relation to thyroid cancer occurrence. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 24 eligible studies: 21 case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all studies were acquired based on random effect model. Further subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender, histological type of thyroid cancer, and smoking status of patients for the case-control studies. RESULTS The summary effect size indicated a negative association of smoking for thyroid cancer (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.681 to 0.935). From the subgroup analyses for the case-control studies, reduced risk of thyroid cancer was observed in both men (OR, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.974) and women (OR, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.700 to 0.897). The protective effect of smoking was observed in studies in which thyroid cancer was limited to differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.902). CONCLUSION Our results suggests that smoking may have a protective effect on thyroid cancer, especially on DTCs. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted in elucidating the dose and time dependent effect of smoking on thyroid cancer with specific focus on the types of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hyop Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
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26
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Kim SY, Song YS, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Lee CH, Song CM, Park B, Choi HG. Evaluation of the relationship between previous statin use and thyroid cancer using Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7912. [PMID: 33846511 PMCID: PMC8041859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of thyroid cancer with statin use is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of previous statin use with thyroid cancer in the ≥ 40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The 5501 patients in the thyroid cancer group were matched with the 22,004 patients in the non-thyroid cancer group for age, sex, income, and region of residence. Previous statin use during the 2 years before the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was examined. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted. The thyroid cancer group showed more days of previous statin use than the non-thyroid cancer group (72.3, standard deviation [SD] = 181.2 days vs. 64.3, SD = 174.4 days, P = 0.003). Although the odds of previous statin use for thyroid cancer were high in the crude model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, P = 0.002), they were low in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.95, P = 0.001). According to age and sex subgroups, the younger (< 60 years old) male group showed lower odds for thyroid cancer according to previous statin use (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.88, P = 0.003), but this finding was not observed in other subgroups of older men or in any groups of women. Thyroid cancer was negatively associated with statin use in the previous 2 years in the adjusted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Myeon Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. .,Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
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Parad MT, Fararouei M, Mirahmadizadeh AR, Afrashteh S. Thyroid cancer and its associated factors: A population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:514-521. [PMID: 33634859 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rising incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer (TC) worldwide, the aim of our study was to determine the risk factors for TC in a province with the highest incidence of TC in the country located at the South of Iran. A population-based case-control study was performed on 708 participants (361 new cases and 347 controls). The case participants were selected from the Iranian National Cancer Registry database. Frequency matched for gender and age, and the control participants were selected randomly from the neighborhood of the cases. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, benign thyroid diseases (eg, hyperthyroidism ORyes/no = 14.06, 95% CI: 5.13-38.51), family history of TC (ORyes/no = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.51-8.26), radiation exposure of the head (ORyes/no = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.03-3.60), family history of thyroid diseases (ORyes/no = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.19-2.62) and family history of other types of cancer (ORyes/no = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.74), significantly increased the risk of developing TC. On the other hand, high blood pressure (ORyes/no = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.64), higher education (ORcollege/illiterate = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.96), consumption of unsaturated fat (ORunsaturated/saturated = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.87) and being married (ORmarried/single = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98) were found to be protective factors. Some community-based interventions, for example, reduction in radiation exposure and screening members of families with underlying thyroid diseases may help in preventing or early diagnosis of TC. More studies on the health effects of local herbs are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- HIV/AIDs Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu K, Gao M, Qin D, Wang H, Lu Q. Serous BMP8A has Clinical Significance in the Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer and Promotes Thyroid Cancer Cell Progression. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:591-598. [PMID: 31656161 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191018170022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to discover a potential cytokine biomarker for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. METHODS We employed data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and experimentally elucidated its mechanistic contributions. The differential expression genes (DEGs) between thyroid cancer and health population were analyzed with TCGA online bioinformatic tools. The relative expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8A (BMP8A) was determined by real-time PCR in ultrasonic diagnosed thyroid cancer both in vivo and in vitro. The serous BMP8A content was quantified with an ELISA kit. Protein levels of BMP8A, OCLN, ZEB1, EZH2 and β-Actin were analyzed by Western blot. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, and anchorage-independent growth was measured by the soft agar colony formation assay. Cell migrative and invasive capacities were interrogated with transwell chamber assays. RESULTS We identified aberrantly high expression of BMP8A in thyroid cancer, which was associated with unfavorable prognosis and tumor progression. The serous BMP8A was also significantly up-regulated in thyroid cancer patients. Ectopic over-expression of BMP8A remarkably stimulated cell viability and anchorage-independent growth. Meanwhile, the migrative and invasive capacities were greatly increased in response to BMP8A over-expression. Mechanistically, we characterized the positive correlation between BMP8A and TCF7L1, and forced expression of TCF7L1 induced BMP8A expression in TPC-1 cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified a novel biomarker for early diagnosis in addition to Ultrasound for thyroid cancer, which is subjected to TCF7L1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Clinical Medical Skills Center, Jining Medical University, No. 16 Hehua Road, Jining 272067, Shandong, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining 272011, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining 272011, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining 272011, Shandong, China
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Hoang T, Song D, Lee J, Lee EK, Hwangbo Y, Kim J. Association among Body Mass Index, Genetic Variants of FTO, and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of the Cancer Screenee Cohort in Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:857-873. [PMID: 33285050 PMCID: PMC8291195 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity has been determined to be associated with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and thyroid cancer risk. However, the effect of combined interactions between obesity and the FTO gene on thyroid cancer needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine whether interactions between body mass index (BMI) and the FTO gene are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods A total of 705 thyroid cancer cases and 705 sex- and age-matched normal controls were selected from the Cancer Screenee Cohort in National Cancer Center, Korea. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the measure of associations and the combined effect of BMI and FTO gene on thyroid cancer. Results BMI was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in subclasses of overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.00) and obese (≥ 25 kg/m2) (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.14). There were positive associations between the FTO genetic variants rs8047395 and rs8044769 and an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Additionally, the combination of BMI subclasses and FTO gene variants was significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk in the codominant (rs17817288), dominant (rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, and rs7195539), and recessive (rs17817288 and rs8044769) models. Conclusion Findings from this study identified the effects of BMI on thyroid cancer risk among individuals carrying rs17817288, rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, rs7195539, and rs8044769, whereas the effects of BMI may be modified according to individual characteristics of other FTO variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dayoung Song
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yul Hwangbo
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
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30
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An SY, Kim SY, Oh DJ, Min C, Sim S, Choi HG. Obesity is positively related and tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are negatively related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19279. [PMID: 33159164 PMCID: PMC7648098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity with thyroid cancer in Korean residents. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort includes individuals ≥ 40 years who were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 4977 thyroid cancer participants were matched with respect to age, sex, income, and region of residence with 19,908 controls at a ratio of 1:4. Crude and adjusted (for the Charlson comorbidity index, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity) odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The adjusted OR of smoking for thyroid cancer was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.72, P < 0.001), and that of alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92, P < 0.001). The adjusted ORs of the BMI categories were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002) for obese I, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.04–1.47, P = 0.014) for obese II. The ORs of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower, and those of overweight and obesity were higher in thyroid cancer patients than in individuals in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youn An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thyroid/Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songyoung Sim
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Statistics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
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Association between Family Histories of Thyroid Cancer and Thyroid Cancer Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Data. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091039. [PMID: 32899186 PMCID: PMC7563790 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the association between thyroid cancer and family history. This cross-sectional study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2013. Among 211,708 participants, 988 were in the thyroid cancer group and 199,588 were in the control group. Trained interviewers questioned the participants to obtain their thyroid cancer history and age at onset. The participants were examined according to their age, sex, monthly household income, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and past medical history. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the family histories of fathers, mothers, and siblings were 6.59 (2.05–21.21), 4.76 (2.59–8.74), and 9.53 (6.92–13.11), respectively, and were significant. The results for the subgroup analyses according to sex were consistent. The rate of family histories of thyroid cancer for fathers and siblings were not different according to the thyroid cancer onset, while that of mothers were higher in participants with a younger age at onset (<50 years old group, 11/523 [2.1%], p = 0.007). This study demonstrated that thyroid cancer incidence was associated with thyroid cancer family history. This supports regular examination of individuals with a family history of thyroid cancer to prevent disease progression and ensure early management.
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Bogović Crnčić T, Ilić Tomaš M, Girotto N, Grbac Ivanković S. Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: What Do We Know So Far? Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:66-72. [PMID: 34219886 PMCID: PMC8212601 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer today. The rising incidence of the differentiated papillary type cannot be entirely explained by early and meticulous diagnosis, since a proportion of large tumors has also been reported. In this review, we present the results of numerous investigations focused on possible factors causing increased TC incidence, such as chromosomal and genetic alterations, iodine intake, TSH level, autoimmune thyroid disease, gender, estrogen, obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental pollutants. Up to now, only childhood exposure to ionizing radiation has been fully recognized as a risk factor. There is also a possibility that yet undiscovered carcinogens, especially during intrauterine life or early childhood, might be responsible for increased TC incidence as well as epigenetic changes. Therefore, more studies are necessary in order to further investigate the potential risk factors for TC and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Grbac Ivanković
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
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33
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Joseph-Auguste J, Lin L, Demar M, Duffas O, Molinie V, Sulpicy C, Dorival MJ, Luxembourger O, Sabbah N. Epidemiologic, Clinical, Ultrasonographic, and Cytological Features of Thyroid Nodules in Predicting Malignancy Risk: A Retrospective Study of 442 French Afro-Caribbean Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:4039290. [PMID: 32318106 PMCID: PMC7150686 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4039290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate epidemiologic, clinical, cytological, and ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules in a sample French Afro-Caribbean population to determine if the standard criteria for predicting malignancy risk are applicable to this specific ethnic population. Methods and Design. This retrospectively designed study consisted of 442 patients who had consulted with the Endocrinology Department in Martinique (French overseas department) between 2007 and 2011. Of the 442 patients, 641 ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations (US-FNA) were performed by two experienced endocrinologists, and 212 patients underwent surgery. The geographical situation, age, gender of the patient, clinical and ultrasonographic features, TSH level, and US-FNA results were considered and cross-referenced with their pathology results. RESULTS The overall malignancy rate on final histopathology was 9% (women only), 80% of which were papillary cancer, and 20% were follicular cancer. Occult micropapillary carcinoma represented 35% of the papillary cancer. There was no significant difference in age, nodule localization, number of nodules, or thyroid function test between benign and malignant nodules. Contrary to the literature, we found only 12% incidentaloma in our series, while more than half of the nodules were discovered on palpation or as a clinical symptom. Hypoechogenicity in solid pattern nodules and nodules between 2 and 3 cm in size revealed a high diagnostic value in detecting malignancy. The corresponding rate of malignancy on Bethesda system histopathologic examination was as follows: 0% in undiagnosed (I), 0% benign (II) (micropapillary), 5% (FLUS)/atypia (III), 9% follicular neoplasm (IV), 33% suspected malignancy (V), and no malignant cytology (VI). These results show a different Bethesda system predictive value for this French Afro-Caribbean population. CONCLUSION Studies evaluating ethnic cancer disparities among patients with thyroid cancer are limited and do not specifically focus on the French Afro-Caribbean population. Despite rare thyroid incidentaloma, 35% of the papillary cancer cases were micropapillary carcinoma, and the incidence and standardized mortality rate in Martinique are lower than in metropolitan France. The malignant risk distribution of thyroid FNA Bethesda classification in this sample population differs from the standard risk, and it is necessary to take that into account in the decision to operate by associating it with echographic malignancy criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Joseph-Auguste
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center, Louis Domergues, La Trinité, Martinique
| | - Lucien Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center, Louis Domergues, La Trinité, Martinique
| | - Magalie Demar
- EA3593, Amazon Ecosystems and Tropical Diseases, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Olivier Duffas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Center, Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Vincent Molinie
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital Center, Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | | | | | - Olivier Luxembourger
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Center, Louis Domergues, La Trinité, Martinique
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center, Louis Domergues, La Trinité, Martinique
- EA3593, Amazon Ecosystems and Tropical Diseases, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital, Andre Rosemon, French Guiana
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Raffaelli M, Tempera SE, Sessa L, Lombardi CP, De Crea C, Bellantone R. Total thyroidectomy versus thyroid lobectomy in the treatment of papillary carcinoma. Gland Surg 2020; 9:S18-S27. [PMID: 32055495 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.11.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extent of thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma is still matter of debate. Indeed, recently, international guidelines endorsed thyroid lobectomy as initial surgical approach for low risk, small medium-sized (T1-T2), N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma in absence of extrathyroidal extension. When dealing with a conservative surgery for oncologic disease is of utmost importance to exclude effectively more advanced disease, which could benefit from a more aggressive initial operation. However, in the setting of surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma, despite an accurate preoperative work up could led to identify some suspicious characteristics as macroscopic evidence of multifocality or extrathyroidal extension, and/or evidence of lateral neck lymph node metastases, it is difficult to reliably assess the central neck nodal status both pre- and intra-operatively. Frozen section examination of the central neck nodes ipsilateral to the side of the tumor has been proposed in patients scheduled for thyroid lobectomy, in order to modulate the extension of both thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. Future molecular and genetic evidences are needed to establish high-risk patients with small papillary thyroid carcinoma in which thyroid lobectomy could be not and adequate surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaelli
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Elisa Tempera
- Division of General Surgery, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sessa
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Celestino Pio Lombardi
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela De Crea
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Bellantone
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Zhao S, Jia X, Fan X, Zhao L, Pang P, Wang Y, Luo Y, Wang F, Yang G, Wang X, Gu W, Zang L, Pei Y, Du J, Ba J, Dou J, Mu Y, Lyu Z. Association of obesity with the clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer in a large, operative population: A retrospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18213. [PMID: 31852078 PMCID: PMC6922396 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between excess body mass index (BMI) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in an operative population, and the impact of higher BMI on clinicopathological aggressiveness of PTC.Charts of 10,844 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with PTC were stratified in 4 groups: BMI < 18.5 (underweight), 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 (normal-weight), 24 ≤ BMI < 28 (overweight) and BMI ≥ 28(obese). The impacts of high BMI on prevalence and clinicopathological parameters of PTC were retrospectively analyzed in both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.For every 5-unit increase in body mass, the odds of risk-adjusted malignance increased by 36.6%. The individuals who were obese and overweight were associated with high risk of thyroid cancer [odds ratio (OR)= 1.982, P < .001; OR= 1.377, P < .001; respectively] compared to normal weight patients, and this positive association was found in both genders. Obesity was independent predictors for tumors larger than 1 cm (OR = 1.562, P < .001) and multifocality (OR = 1.616, P < .001). However, there was no difference in cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis among BMI groups. Crude analysis showed BMI was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (relative risk, approximately 1.23 per 5 BMI units, P < .001), but this association disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors.Obesity was significantly associated with the risk of PTC in a large, operative population. Higher BMI was significantly associated with larger tumor size and multifocal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhao
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ling Zhao
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ping Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Branch of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan
| | - Yajing Wang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Fulin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xianling Wang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Weijun Gu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Li Zang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yu Pei
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jin Du
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jianming Ba
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jingtao Dou
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yiming Mu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
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Kim KN, Hwang Y, Kim K, Lee KE, Park YJ, Choi JY, Park DJ, Cho B, Kang D, Park SK. Active and Passive Smoking, BRAFV600E Mutation Status, and the Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Large-Scale Case-Control and Case-Only Study. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 51:1392-1399. [PMID: 30786705 PMCID: PMC6790863 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between tobacco smoking and thyroid cancer remains uncertain. We evaluated the associations of active and passive smokingwith the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer, and with the BRAFV600E mutation, the most common oncogenic mutation in PTC related to poor prognosis. Materials and Methods We conducted this study with newly diagnosed PTC patients (n=2,142) and community controls (n=21,420) individually matched to cases for age and sex. Information on active and passive smoking and potential confounders were obtained from structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. BRAFV600E mutation status was assessed in PTC patients. We evaluated the associations of active and passive smoking with PTC and BRAFV600E mutation risk using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS We did not find associations between exposure indices of active and passive smoking and PTC risk in both men and women, except for the association between current smoking and lower PTC risk. Cumulative smoking ≥ 20 pack-years was associated with lower BRAFV600E mutation risk in male PTC patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 1.00). The CI for the association was wider in female PTC patients (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.02 to 2.62), possibly owing to a smaller sample size in this stratum. CONCLUSION We did not find consistent associations between active and passive smoking and PTC risk. Cumulative smoking ≥ 20 pack-years was associated with lower BRAFV600E mutation risk in male PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunji Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungsik Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - BeLong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center for Cancer Survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi JH, Lee J, Yang S, Lee EK, Hwangbo Y, Kim J. Genetic variations in TAS2R3 and TAS2R4 bitterness receptors modify papillary carcinoma risk and thyroid function in Korean females. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15004. [PMID: 30301923 PMCID: PMC6177438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs, TAS2Rs) mediate bitterness perception and are involved in diverse defence mechanisms in extraoral tissues. The thyrocyte-expressed T2Rs control thyroid hormone production, and this regulatory role may be associated with susceptibility to thyroid diseases. This study examined whether the variations in TAS2Rs modify the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and whether such T2R-related PTC risk is associated with genetically modified thyroid function. We conducted a case-control study with 763 Korean females, including 250 PTC cases. Seventy-three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 TAS2R genes and the pre-diagnosis levels of 4 thyroid-related functional markers [total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin] were analysed. Individuals with TAS2R3/4 CC haplotype (rs2270009 and rs2234001) were at a lower risk for PTC than those with the remaining haplotypes (odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.97). Furthermore, TT3 levels were significantly reduced for TAS2R3/4 CC haplotype carriers compared with other haplotype carriers (p = 0.005). No other genetic variants exhibited critical associations with the PTC phenotype and biomarkers. In summary, genetic variations in T2R3/4 bitterness receptors may modify the PTC risk, and the genetically modified thyroid hormone level by those variations may be linked with the PTC-T2Rs association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1095, Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
| | - Sarah Yang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea.,Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
| | - Yul Hwangbo
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea.
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38
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Soheylizad M, Khazaei S, Jenabi E, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y. The Relationship Between Human Development Index and Its Components with Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Using the Decomposition Approach. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e65078. [PMID: 30464773 PMCID: PMC6218660 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.65078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between age specific-rates of thyroid cancer (TC) and human development index (HDI) and also its components can be a new direction for planning by policy makers. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at identifying the relationship between TC rates by gender, and HDI and its components in different regions of the world. METHODS An ecological study was conducted; the data was obtained from the GLOBOCAN project in 2012. Inequality in TC estimates (age-specific incidence and mortality rates), according to the HDI and its components was calculated. Concentration index (CI) was used to estimate inequality and CI was decomposed to determine contribution of HDI and its components in inequality. RESULTS The inequality index (CI) was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.21 - 0.38) and -0.15 (95% CI: -0.23 - 0.06) for incidence and mortality of TC by HDI, respectively. The important contributors in inequality for incidence rates of TC were life expectancy at birth (0.30), mean years of schooling (0.26), and expected years of schooling (0.18). The important contributors in inequality of mortality rates were mean years of schooling (0.19), expected years of schooling (0.17), and urbanization (0.17). CONCLUSIONS According to the findings of this study, global inequalities exist in the TC incidence and mortality rates; incidence rates of TC are more concentrated in countries with high HDI, yet inequality index showed that deaths occurred more in disadvantaged countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Soheylizad
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Pediatric Developmental Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Yousef Veisani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Polednik KM, Simpson MC, Adjei Boakye E, Mohammed KA, J Dombrowski J, Varvares MA, Osazuwa-Peters N. Radiation and Second Primary Thyroid Cancer Following Index Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:1014-1020. [PMID: 30208210 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Radiation is thought to increase risk of developing second primary thyroid cancer (SPTC). This study estimated the rate of SPTC following index head and neck cancer (HNC) and determined whether radiation treatment among HNC survivors increased SPTC risk. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. METHOD The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2014) was queried for cases of index HNC (N = 127,563) that developed SPTC. Adjusted multivariable competing risk proportional hazards model tested risk of developing a SPTC following index HNC. Sensitivity analyses using proportional hazards models were also performed restricting data to patients who 1) received both radiation and chemotherapy and 2) radiation alone. RESULTS Only 0.2% of index HNC survivors (n = 229) developed SPTC, yielding a rate of 26.1 per 100,000 person-years. For every increasing year of age at diagnosis, patients were 3% less likely to develop an SPTC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98). Males were also less likely to develop an SPTC (aHR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96). Radiation (aHR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68-1.25), surgery (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.56-1.11), and chemotherapy (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.76-1.69) were not significantly associated with developing SPTC. The sensitivity models also did not find an association between treatment and risk of SPTC. CONCLUSIONS Rate of developing SPTC following index HNC was very low, and previous exposure to radiation did not significantly increase risk in our study population. More studies are needed to understand the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer across the United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:1014-1020, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Simpson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kahee A Mohammed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John J Dombrowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Saint Louis University Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
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Cigarette smoking and thyroid cancer risk: a cohort study. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:638-645. [PMID: 30111870 PMCID: PMC6162293 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the association between smoking status and thyroid cancer risk and whether this association is mediated by body mass index (BMI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods We performed a cohort study of 96,855 Korean adults who were followed annually or biennially for a median of 5.9 years. Results During 511,052.9 person-years of follow-up, 1,250 participants developed thyroid cancer. In men, we observed a dose-dependent inverse association between current smoking, pack-years, and thyroid cancer. After adjustment for confounders, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for thyroid cancer comparing current and former smokers to never smokers were 0.58 (0.45–0.75) and 0.93 (0.73–1.18), respectively. After further adjustment for BMI and TSH as potential mediators, this association was slightly attenuated, but remained significant. For women, current smokers tended to have a lower risk of thyroid cancer, but this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions In this cohort study, current smoking was associated with a decreased risk of incident thyroid cancer in men but not in women and this association was observed even after adjusting for TSH and BMI levels as potential mediators. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the possible effect of smoking on the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer development.
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Kang S, Song J, Koh T, Park O, Park JT, Lee WJ. Thyroid cancer among female workers in Korea, 2007-2015. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:48. [PMID: 30026955 PMCID: PMC6048802 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of thyroid cancer has been increasing rapidly worldwide, especially among women. There has been a debate as to whether such an increase represents consequences of over-diagnosis or a true increase. To find the occupational risk of Korean female workers in different industry sectors, we analyzed the data of Korean female workers. Methods National Female Worker Cohort data that contain information on total female workers were used for our analysis of prevalence of thyroid cancer (C73 according to KCD-5, 6 code) derived from National Health Insurance data. By combining industrial codes from National Health Insurance Service and those from Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, the classification of industrial codes became to consist of the total of thirty three representing both non-office (NO) and office (O) categories. Both an internal comparison among female workers within the cohort and an external comparison to compare female workers with Korean general female population were carried out. Results Among 149,258 female workers, 2,641 cases of thyroid cancers were identified. Differences in prevalence of thyroid cancer between female workers (40.5%) and general Korean female population (32.6%) were observed; however, the differences in prevalence of thyroid cancer between NO workers and O workers were not apparent. An analysis involving workers in Financial and insurance activities sector revealed that, standardized prevalence rate (SPR) of both NO (2.96, 95% CI = 2.01-4.20) and O workers (3.68, 95% CI = 3.10-4.33) increased significantly and that an AOR (adjusted odds ratio) increased marginally (1.38, 95% CI = 0.97-1.96). Further, when stratified in respect to the duration of employment, an AOR of female workers having been employed for more than 8 years showed a significant increase (1.63, 95% CI = 1.07-2.49). Conclusions Female workers had a higher risk of thyroid cancer than general female population but the difference between NO workers and O workers was not found to be significant in most industrial sectors. Further studies using data with information regarding specific occupational exposures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghoon Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,2Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - One Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Jin Lee
- 2Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,3Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02855 South Korea
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Kust D, Staničić J, Mateša N. Bethesda thyroid categories and family history of thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:468-472. [PMID: 29266384 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine-related cancer worldwide. The aim of this article was to assess the relationship between thyroid diseases diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and family history of thyroid disease. DESIGN The study was conducted in a tertiary high-volume thyroid cancer centre. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a thyroid nodule detected on neck ultrasound for any reason was performed in all included patients. PATIENTS A total of 10 709 patients were included in the study. MEASUREMENTS Correlation of cytological findings classified according to the Bethesda system and family history was calculated using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS There were 2580 (24.09%) patients with non-malignant thyroid diseases in the family and 198 (1.85%) patients who had a history of thyroid cancer in the family. A total of 2778 (25.94%) patients had positive family history of thyroid diseases, and 7931 (74.06%) patients had negative family history. In patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in family history, the difference between those with benign (Bethesda 2) and malignant thyroid FNA diagnosis (Bethesda 6) was found to be statistically significant (P = .0432). CONCLUSIONS Family history plays a significant role in the development of thyroid cancer, and having first-degree relatives with not only medullary, but also papillary thyroid cancer strongly predicts the risk of developing the malignant thyroid disease. In contrast, benign thyroid disorders in family history do not lead to the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kust
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Staničić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Mateša
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
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de Melo TG, da Assumpção LVM, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Interplay between Body Size Measures and Thyroid Cancer Aggressiveness: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2089471. [PMID: 30224918 PMCID: PMC6129783 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2089471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering controversial data about the relationship between body size and prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the current study aimed to assess the influence of body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) on DTC. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients' records from the Thyroid Cancer Unit, assessing body size measures, clinical and laboratory prognostic factors, and disease evolution. 337 patients, aged 45.95 ± 13.04 years old, with BMI of 27.87 ± 5.13 kg/m2 and BSA of 1.74 ± 0.18 m2 were enrolled. After 9.5 ± 6.9 years of follow-up, 87.29% of patients were disease-free and 12.71% had persistent disease; no patient had deceased. Patients aged <45 years old with extrathyroidal invasion tumor had greater baseline body weight and BSA than those without extrathyroidal invasion (median 79.5 kg versus 67 kg and 1.85 m2 versus 1.74 m2). Women with poorly differentiated tumor and patients aged ≥45 years old with distant metastasis presented greater weight loss during follow-up compared to patients without such characteristics (median -2 kg versus +1.5 kg and -3 kg versus +1 kg, respectively). The relationship between body size and DTC evolution was not observed. In conclusion, higher weight and BSA were associated with a greater chance of extrathyroidal tumor invasion in younger patients. Specific subgroups of patients with aggressive disease presented higher weight loss. Young patients with higher BSA should be carefully treated due to possible worse prognosis related to increased incidence of extrathyroid invasion. Findings related to tumor aggressiveness and weight loss in specific groups deserve further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Gomes de Melo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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