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Colleran A, Lima C, Xu Y, Millichope A, Murray S, Goodacre R. Using surface-enhanced Raman scattering for simultaneous multiplex detection and quantification of thiols associated to axillary malodour. Analyst 2024; 149:3989-4001. [PMID: 38948950 PMCID: PMC11262063 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Axillary malodour is caused by the microbial conversion of human-derived precursors to volatile organic compounds. Thiols strongly contribute to this odour but are hard to detect as they are present at low concentrations. Additionally, thiols are highly volatile and small making sampling and quantification difficult, including by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), combined with chemometrics, was utilised to simultaneously quantify four malodourous thiols associated with axillary odour, both in individual and multiplex solutions. Univariate and multivariate methods of partial least squares regression (PLS-R) were used to calculate the limit of detection (LoD) and results compared. Both methods yielded comparable LoD values, with LoDs using PLS-R ranging from 0.0227 ppm to 0.0153 ppm for the thiols studied. These thiols were then examined and quantified simultaneously in 120 mixtures using PLS-R. The resultant models showed high linearity (Q2 values between 0.9712 and 0.9827 for both PLS-1 and PLS-2) and low values of root mean squared error of predictions (0.0359 ppm and 0.0459 ppm for PLS-1 and PLS-2, respectively). To test this approach further, these models were challenged with 15 new blind test samples, collected independently from the initial samples. This test demonstrated that SERS combined with PLS-R could be used to predict the unknown concentrations of these thiols in a mixture. These results display the ability of SERS for the simultaneous multiplex detection and quantification of analytes and its potential for future development for detecting gaseous thiols produced from skin and other body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Colleran
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Cassio Lima
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Yun Xu
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Allen Millichope
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Stephanie Murray
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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2
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Ray R, Rakesh A, Singh S, Madhyastha H, Mani NK. Hair and Nail-On-Chip for Bioinspired Microfluidic Device Fabrication and Biomarker Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 38133962 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2291825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of biosensors has tremendously increased our potential of identifying and solving important problems in various domains, ranging from food safety and environmental analysis, to healthcare and medicine. However, one of the most prominent drawbacks of these technologies, especially in the biomedical field, is to employ conventional samples, such as blood, urine, tissue extracts and other body fluids for analysis, which suffer from the drawbacks of invasiveness, discomfort, and high costs encountered in transportation and storage, thereby hindering these products to be applied for point-of-care testing that has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Therefore, through this review, we emphasize for the first time, the applications of switching over to noninvasive sampling techniques involving hair and nails that not only circumvent most of the aforementioned limitations, but also serve as interesting alternatives in understanding the human physiology involving minimal costs, equipment and human interference when combined with rapidly advancing technologies, such as microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip to achieve miniaturization on an unprecedented scale. The coalescence between these two fields has not only led to the fabrication of novel microdevices involving hair and nails, but also function as robust biosensors for the detection of biomarkers, chemicals, metabolites and nucleic acids through noninvasive sampling. Finally, we have also elucidated a plethora of futuristic innovations that could be incorporated in such devices, such as expanding their applications in nail and hair-based drug delivery, their potential in serving as next-generation wearable sensors and integrating these devices with machine-learning for enhanced automation and decentralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitraj Ray
- Department of Bioengineering (BE), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amith Rakesh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Sheetal Singh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
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3
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Alves Soares T, Owsienko D, Haertl T, Loos HM. Recovery rates of selected body odor substances in different textiles applying various work-up and storage conditions measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341067. [PMID: 36935158 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body odor is an important aspect in interpersonal communication. For psychological and chemical research on body odors, suitable procedures for sampling and application, and analysis of body odors are essential. In this study, different textile fabrics (polyester, cotton, and Gazin gauze) were comparatively evaluated in view of their potential suitability for body odor sampling by determining recovery rates of selected body odor substances. In addition, the impact of sample preparation and storage conditions on the recovery rates was determined. RESULTS The recovery rates of dimethyl disulfide, (E)-non-2-enal, 5α-androst-16-en-3-one, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, heptanal and 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol were determined under different conditions of storage (storage for 30 min at room temperature or storage for 30 min at room temperature followed by freezing at - 80 °C for 4 weeks) and sample work-up (solvent extraction with and without solvent-assisted flavour evaporation, in the following: SAFE). SAFE led to overall lower recovery rates with a significant effect for (E)-non-2-enal and 5α-androst-16-en-3-one. Nevertheless, the results showed that SAFE can be an essential step when working with a complex matrix. When comparing the different fabrics, except for (E)-non-2-enal no difference between the recovery rates obtained for cotton and polyester became evident. Gazin gauze showed lower recovery rates for all compounds. Finally, our results showed that the here investigated target compounds are stable during storage for four weeks at - 80 °C. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The results show on the one hand that the here investigated compounds were stable during storage and that the fiber type had limited influence on overall recovery rates. On the other hand, they highlight the limitations of using textile materials for sampling of volatile substances, especially with regard to low recovery rates for certain substances and the necessity of material pre-treatment or distillation steps for enabling GC-MS analysis after solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Alves Soares
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Owsienko
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haertl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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4
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van Liere ELSA, van Dijk LJ, Bosch S, Vermeulen L, Heymans MW, Burchell GL, de Meij TGJ, Ramsoekh D, de Boer NKH. Urinary volatile organic compounds for colorectal cancer screening, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2023; 186:69-82. [PMID: 37030079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) suffers from suboptimal performance and participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be a useful alternative. We aimed to determine the diagnostic potential of urinary VOCs for CRC/adenomas. By relating VOCs to known pathways, we aimed to gain insight into the pathophysiology of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Original studies on urinary VOCs for CRC/adenoma detection with a control group were included. QUADAS-2 tool was used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by adopting a bivariate model for sensitivity/specificity. Fagan's nomogram estimated the performance of combined FIT-VOC. Neoplasm-associated VOCs were linked to pathways using the KEGG database. RESULTS Sixteen studies-involving 837 CRC patients and 1618 controls-were included; 11 performed chemical identification and 7 chemical fingerprinting. In all studies, urinary VOCs discriminated CRC from controls. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for CRC based on chemical fingerprinting were 84% (95% CI 73-91%) and 70% (95% CI 63-77%), respectively. The most distinctive individual VOC was butanal (AUC 0.98). The estimated probability of having CRC following negative FIT was 0.38%, whereas 0.09% following negative FIT-VOC. Combined FIT-VOC would detect 33% more CRCs. In total 100 CRC-associated urinary VOCs were identified; particularly hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, aldehydes/ketones and amino acids, and predominantly involved in TCA-cycle or alanine/aspartate/glutamine/glutamate/phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan metabolism, which is supported by previous research on (colorectal)cancer biology. The potential of urinary VOCs to detect precancerous adenomas or gain insight into their pathophysiology appeared understudied. CONCLUSION Urinary VOCs hold potential for non-invasive CRC screening. Multicentre validation studies are needed, especially focusing on adenoma detection. Urinary VOCs elucidate underlying pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa L S A van Liere
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura J van Dijk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Bosch
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George L Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dewkoemar Ramsoekh
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, School of Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Meller S, Al Khatri MSA, Alhammadi HK, Álvarez G, Alvergnat G, Alves LC, Callewaert C, Caraguel CGB, Carancci P, Chaber AL, Charalambous M, Desquilbet L, Ebbers H, Ebbers J, Grandjean D, Guest C, Guyot H, Hielm-Björkman A, Hopkins A, Kreienbrock L, Logan JG, Lorenzo H, Maia RDCC, Mancilla-Tapia JM, Mardones FO, Mutesa L, Nsanzimana S, Otto CM, Salgado-Caxito M, de los Santos F, da Silva JES, Schalke E, Schoneberg C, Soares AF, Twele F, Vidal-Martínez VM, Zapata A, Zimin-Veselkoff N, Volk HA. Expert considerations and consensus for using dogs to detect human SARS-CoV-2-infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1015620. [PMID: 36569156 PMCID: PMC9773891 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1015620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany,*Correspondence: Sebastian Meller,
| | | | - Hamad Khatir Alhammadi
- International Operations Department, Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guadalupe Álvarez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillaume Alvergnat
- International Operations Department, Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lêucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles G. B. Caraguel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Paula Carancci
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne-Lise Chaber
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Marios Charalambous
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Loïc Desquilbet
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, IMRB, Université Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Grandjean
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Guest
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Hugues Guyot
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amy Hopkins
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - James G. Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Dagenham, United Kingdom
| | - Hector Lorenzo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Fernando O. Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda,Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Cynthia M. Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Esther Schalke
- Bundeswehr Medical Service Headquarters, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Clara Schoneberg
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anísio Francisco Soares
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Victor Manuel Vidal-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ariel Zapata
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Zimin-Veselkoff
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Gong X, Shi S, Zhang D, Gamez G. Quantitative Analysis of Exhaled Breath Collected on Filter Substrates via Low-Temperature Plasma Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1518-1529. [PMID: 35792104 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its great potential for disease diagnostics at early stages and for clinical drug monitoring. There are several recent examples of successful development of real-time, in vivo quantitative analysis of exhaled breath metabolites via mass spectrometry. On the other hand, current mass spectrometer accessibility limitations restrict point-of-care applications. Here now, an offline method is developed for quantitative analysis of exhaled breath collected on inexpensive filter substrates for direct desorption and ionization by using low-temperature plasma-mass spectrometry (LTP-MS). In particular, different operating conditions of the ionization source were systematically studied to optimize desorption/ionization by using glycerol, a low volatility compound. Applications with respect to propofol, γ-valprolactone, and nicotine analysis in exhaled breath are demonstrated in this study. The effects of several filter substrate properties, including filter material and pore size, on the analyte signal were characterized. Cellulose filter papers performed best with the present analytes. In addition, filters with smaller pores enabled a more efficient sample collection. Furthermore, sample-collection flow rate was determined to have a very significant effect, with slower flow rates yielding the best results. It was also found that filters loaded with sample can be successfully stored in glass vials with no observable sample loss even after 3 days. Limits of detection under optimized conditions are shown to be competitive or significantly better compared with relevant techniques and with additional benefits of cost-efficiency and sample storage capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Songyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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7
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Yang H, Mou Y, Hu B. Diagnostic Ability of Volatile Organic Compounds in Digestive Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221105027. [PMID: 35754925 PMCID: PMC9218909 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been involved in cancer diagnosis via breath, urine, and feces. We aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of VOCs on digestive cancers. Methods: We systematically reviewed prospective clinical trials evaluating VOCs’ diagnostic ability on esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancer (PC). Databases including PubMed and Ovid-Medline were searched. Results: A total of 35 trials with 5314 patient-times qualified for inclusion. The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing gastroesophageal cancer from healthy controls is 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.94), the pooled specificity is 0.890 (95% CI: 0.84-0.93), and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.95). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing colorectal cancer from heathy controls is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.96), the pooled specificity is 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), and the AUC is 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs distinguishing gastrointestinal (GI) cancer from precancerous lesions is 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67-0.92), the pooled specificity is 0.74 (95% CI: 0.43-0.91), and the AUC is 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.89). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52-0.81), the pooled specificity is 0.81 (95% CI: 0.47-0.96), and the AUC is 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing PC is 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80-0.93), the pooled specificity is 0.82 (95% CI: 0.62-0.93), and the AUC is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.94). Conclusions: Volatile organic compounds have potential role in diagnosing GI cancer with comparatively high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021260039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of 2-Nonenal and Its Application to Body Odor Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195739. [PMID: 34641283 PMCID: PMC8510471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The odors and emanations released from the human body can provide important information about the health status of individuals and the presence or absence of diseases. Since these components often emanate from the body surface in very small quantities, a simple sampling and sensitive analytical method is required. In this study, we developed a non-invasive analytical method for the measurement of the body odor component 2-nonenal by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry by selective ion monitoring. Using a StableFlex PDMS/DVB fiber, 2-nonenal was efficiently extracted and enriched by fiber exposition at 50 °C for 45 min and was separated within 10 min using a DB−1 capillary column. Body odor sample was easily collected by gauze wiping. The limit of detection of 2-nonenal collected in gauze was 22 pg (S/N = 3), and the linearity was obtained in the range of 1–50 ng with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. The method successfully analyzed 2-nonenal in skin emissions and secretions and was applied to the analysis of body odor changes in various lifestyles, including the use of cosmetics, food intake, cigarette smoking, and stress load.
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9
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Kalidoss R, Kothalam R, Manikandan A, Jaganathan SK, Khan A, Asiri AM. Socio-economic demands and challenges for non-invasive disease diagnosis through a portable breathalyzer by the incorporation of 2D nanosheets and SMO nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21216-21234. [PMID: 35478818 PMCID: PMC9034087 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials. The trace level selective detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath facilitates the study of physiological disorder and real-time health monitoring. This review focuses on advancements in chemiresistive gas sensor technology for biomarker detection associated with different diseases. Emphasis is placed on selective biomarker detection by semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) nanostructures, 2-dimensional nanomaterials (2DMs) and nanocomposites through various optimization strategies and sensing mechanisms. Their synergistic properties for incorporation in a portable breathalyzer have been elucidated. Furthermore, the socio-economic demands of a breathalyzer in terms of recent establishment of startups globally and challenges of a breathalyzer are critically reviewed. This initiative is aimed at highlighting the challenges and scope for improvement to realize a high performance chemiresistive gas sensor for non-invasive disease diagnosis. Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji Kalidoss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India +91-9840-959832
| | - Radhakrishnan Kothalam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
| | - A Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur Tamil Nadu 600 073 India
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Anish Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Jaimes-Mogollón AL, Welearegay TG, Salumets A, Ionescu R. Review on Volatolomic Studies as a Frontier Approach in Animal Research. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000397. [PMID: 33844886 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies in volatolomics performed on animals so far. At first, the procedures proposed for the collection, preconcentration, and storing of the volatile organic compounds emitted by various biological samples of different animals are presented and discussed. Next, the results obtained in the analysis of the collected volatile samples with analytical equipment are shown. The possible volatile biomarkers identified for various diseases are highlighted for different types of diseases, animal species, and biological samples analyzed. The chemical classes of these compounds, as well as the biomarkers found in a higher number of animal diseases, are indicated, and their possible origin is analyzed. The studies that dealt with the diagnosis of various diseases from sample measurement with electronic nose systems are also presented and discussed. The paper ends with a final remark regarding the necessity of optimization and standardization of sample collection and analysis procedures for obtaining meaningful results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesfalem G Welearegay
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75103, Sweden
| | - Andres Salumets
- COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Radu Ionescu
- COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
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11
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de Jesús Beleño-Sáenz K, Cáceres-Tarazona JM, Nol P, Jaimes-Mogollón AL, Gualdrón-Guerrero OE, Durán-Acevedo CM, Barasona JA, Vicente J, Torres MJ, Welearegay TG, Österlund L, Rhyan J, Ionescu R. Non-Invasive Method to Detect Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar by Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Feces with an Electronic Nose System. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020584. [PMID: 33467480 PMCID: PMC7829825 DOI: 10.3390/s21020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
More effective methods to detect bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wildlife, is of paramount importance for preventing disease spread to other wild animals, livestock, and human beings. In this study, we analyzed the volatile organic compounds emitted by fecal samples collected from free-ranging wild boar captured in Doñana National Park, Spain, with an electronic nose system based on organically-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The animals were separated by the age group for performing the analysis. Adult (>24 months) and sub-adult (12-24 months) animals were anesthetized before sample collection, whereas the juvenile (<12 months) animals were manually restrained while collecting the sample. Good accuracy was obtained for the adult and sub-adult classification models: 100% during the training phase and 88.9% during the testing phase for the adult animals, and 100% during both the training and testing phase for the sub-adult animals, respectively. The results obtained could be important for the further development of a non-invasive and less expensive detection method of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin de Jesús Beleño-Sáenz
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
- GISM Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.L.J.-M.); (O.E.G.-G.); (C.M.D.-A.)
| | - Juan Martín Cáceres-Tarazona
- GISM Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.L.J.-M.); (O.E.G.-G.); (C.M.D.-A.)
| | - Pauline Nol
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Aylen Lisset Jaimes-Mogollón
- GISM Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.L.J.-M.); (O.E.G.-G.); (C.M.D.-A.)
| | - Oscar Eduardo Gualdrón-Guerrero
- GISM Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.L.J.-M.); (O.E.G.-G.); (C.M.D.-A.)
| | - Cristhian Manuel Durán-Acevedo
- GISM Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.L.J.-M.); (O.E.G.-G.); (C.M.D.-A.)
| | - Jose Angel Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, ETSIA Ciudad Real, University of Castilla La Mancha & CSIC, 13003 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - María José Torres
- Biomedical Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), University of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.G.W.); (L.Ö.)
| | - Lars Österlund
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 35, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.G.W.); (L.Ö.)
| | - Jack Rhyan
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Radu Ionescu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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Grassin-Delyle S, Roquencourt C, Moine P, Saffroy G, Carn S, Heming N, Fleuriet J, Salvator H, Naline E, Couderc LJ, Devillier P, Thévenot EA, Annane D. Metabolomics of exhaled breath in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A pilot study. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103154. [PMID: 33279860 PMCID: PMC7714658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of the utmost importance but remains challenging. The objective of the current study was to characterize exhaled breath from mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we used real-time, online, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry to perform a metabolomic analysis of expired air from adults undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit due to severe COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). FINDINGS Between March 25th and June 25th, 2020, we included 40 patients with ARDS, of whom 28 had proven COVID-19. In a multivariate analysis, we identified a characteristic breathprint for COVID-19. We could differentiate between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS with accuracy of 93% (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 94%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0·94-0·98, after cross-validation). The four most prominent volatile compounds in COVID-19 patients were methylpent-2-enal, 2,4-octadiene 1-chloroheptane, and nonanal. INTERPRETATION The real-time, non-invasive detection of methylpent-2-enal, 2,4-octadiene 1-chloroheptane, and nonanal in exhaled breath may identify ARDS patients with COVID-19. FUNDING The study was funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (SoftwAiR, ANR-18-CE45-0017 and RHU4 RECORDS, Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-18-RHUS-0004), Région Île de France (SESAME 2016), and Fondation Foch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics®, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France (S.G.D., P.M., N.H., D.A.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)..
| | - Camille Roquencourt
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Sciences des Données et de la Décision, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (C.R.)
| | - Pierre Moine
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France (S.G.D., P.M., N.H., D.A.); Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.)
| | - Gabriel Saffroy
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.)
| | - Stanislas Carn
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.)
| | - Nicholas Heming
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France (S.G.D., P.M., N.H., D.A.); Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.)
| | - Jérôme Fleuriet
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.)
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics®, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics®, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
| | - Louis-Jean Couderc
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics®, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics®, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
| | - Etienne A Thévenot
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (E.T.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
| | - Djillali Annane
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny le Bretonneux, France (S.G.D., P.M., N.H., D.A.); Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France (P.M., G.S., S.C., N.H., J.F., D.A.); FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) (S.G.D., H.S., E.N., L-J.C., P.D., E.T., D.A.)
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13
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Sateriale D, Facchiano S, Colicchio R, Pagliuca C, Varricchio E, Paolucci M, Volpe MG, Salvatore P, Pagliarulo C. In vitro Synergy of Polyphenolic Extracts From Honey, Myrtle and Pomegranate Against Oral Pathogens, S. mutans and R. dentocariosa. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1465. [PMID: 32849317 PMCID: PMC7396681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence rate of oral diseases, the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the adverse effects of conventional antibiotics mean alternative prevention and treatment options are needed to counteract oral pathogens. In this regard, our study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of polyphenolic extracts prepared from acacia honey, myrtle leaves, and pomegranate peel against cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Rothia dentocariosa. The chemical-physical parameters of acacia honey and the RP-HPLC polyphenolic profile of pomegranate peel extract have been previously described in our studies, while the characterization of myrtle extract, performed by HPLC analysis, is reported here. All the extracts were used singly and in binary combinations to highlight any synergistic effects. Moreover, the extracts were tested in association with amoxicillin to evaluate their ability to reduce the effective dose of this drug in vitro. The values of minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations have been used to quantitatively measure the antibacterial activity of the single extracts, while the fractional inhibitory concentration index has been considered as predictor of in vitro anticariogenic synergistic effects. Finally, a time-kill curve method allowed for the evaluation of the bactericidal efficacy of the combined extracts. The microbiological tests suggest that acacia honey, myrtle, and pomegranate extracts are able to inhibit the cariogenic bacteria, also with synergistic effects. This study provides useful and encouraging results for the use of natural extract combinations alone or in association with antibiotics (adjuvant therapy) as a valid alternative for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sateriale
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Facchiano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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14
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Xu B, Moradi M, Kuplicki R, Stewart JL, McKinney B, Sen S, Paulus MP. Machine Learning Analysis of Electronic Nose in a Transdiagnostic Community Sample With a Streamlined Data Collection Approach: No Links Between Volatile Organic Compounds and Psychiatric Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:503248. [PMID: 33192639 PMCID: PMC7524957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.503248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-intrusive, easy-to-use and pragmatic collection of biological processes is warranted to evaluate potential biomarkers of psychiatric symptoms. Prior work with relatively modest sample sizes suggests that under highly-controlled sampling conditions, volatile organic compounds extracted from the human breath (exhalome), often measured by an electronic nose ("e-nose"), may be related to physical and mental health. The present study utilized a streamlined data collection approach and attempted to replicate and extend prior e-nose links to mental health in a standard research setting within large transdiagnostic community dataset (N = 1207; 746 females; 18-61 years) who completed a screening visit at the Laureate Institute for Brain Research between 07/2016 and 05/2018. Factor analysis was used to obtain latent exhalome variables, and machine learning approaches were employed using these latent variables to predict three types of symptoms independent of each other (depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder) within separate training and a test sets. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking status, the best fitting algorithm produced by the training set accounted for nearly 0% of the test set's variance. In each case the standard error included the zero line, indicating that models were not predictive of clinical symptoms. Although some sample variance was predicted, findings did not generalize to out-of-sample data. Based on these findings, we conclude that the exhalome, as measured by the e-nose within a less-controlled environment than previously reported, is not able to provide clinically useful assessments of current depression, anxiety or substance use severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Xu
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Tandy School of Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mahdi Moradi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Tandy School of Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Brett McKinney
- Department of Computer Science, Tandy School of Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering & Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Sandip Sen
- Department of Computer Science, Tandy School of Computer Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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15
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Vautz W, Seifert L, Mohammadi M, Klinkenberg IAG, Liedtke S. Detection of axillary perspiration metabolites using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to rapid gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:223-232. [PMID: 31836923 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The composition of human sweat-and as a consequence the composition of volatiles released from human skin-strongly depends on genetic preconditions, diet, stress, personal hygiene but also on health status and medication. Accordingly, the composition is a carrier of information on the physical and mental states of a person. Therefore, rapid on-site analysis of the relevant substances may be used for medical diagnosis and medication control or even for psychological characterisation. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to rapid gas chromatography (GC-IMS) was applied to the analysis of human axillary sweat as a sensitive, selective, rapid, and non-invasive method in a feasibility study. For this purpose, a sampling chamber was designed and manufactured. The design and the experimental setup were validated successfully. At least 179 human metabolites could be detected by GC-IMS from the skin of 7 volunteers. Fifteen metabolites were available in all samples from all volunteers and therefore can be characterised as basic sweat compounds which might enable the localisation of hidden persons. Furthermore, in a preliminary feasibility study, the potential of GC-IMS for differentiating the composition of sweat after physical exercises and in a stressful situation-even gender specific-could be demonstrated. Thus, with GC-IMS, a rapid and mobile analytical tool for the analysis of skin volatiles is available for a broad range of applications, e.g. with regard to axillary odour, human health, nutrition, consumption of remedies or drugs of abuse, the localisation of trapped or hidden persons, or even the characterisation of the reaction on stressful situations. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Vautz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. .,ION-GAS GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 11, 44263, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Luzia Seifert
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marziyeh Mohammadi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabelle A G Klinkenberg
- Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Malmedyweg 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Liedtke
- ION-GAS GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 11, 44263, Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Huang S, Chen G, Ye N, Kou X, Zhu F, Shen J, Ouyang G. Solid-phase microextraction: An appealing alternative for the determination of endogenous substances - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:67-86. [PMID: 31307724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of endogenous substances is of great significance for obtaining important biotic information such as biological components, metabolic pathways and disease biomarkers in different living organisms (e.g. plants, insects, animals and humans). However, due to the complex matrix and the trace concentrations of target analytes, the sample preparation procedure is an essential step before the analytes of interest are introduced into a detection instrument. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), an emerging sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, extraction, concentration, and sample introduction into one step, has gained wide acceptance in various research fields, including in the determination of endogenous compounds. In this review, recent developments and applications of SPME for the determination of endogenous substances over the past five years are summarized. Several aspects, including the design of SPME devices (sampling configuration and coating), applications (in vitro and in vivo sampling), and coupling with emerging instruments (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)) are involved. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of SPME methods in endogenous substances analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Niru Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Center of Advanced Analysis and Computational Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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17
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Shokry E, Filho NRA. Insights into cerumen and application in diagnostics: past, present and future prospective. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019; 27:030503. [PMID: 29180914 PMCID: PMC5696747 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2017.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerumen or earwax is an emerging bio-fluid in clinical diagnosis that has been very little exploited during the past decades in spite of its high diagnostic potential. It is highly abundant in diagnostic biomarkers such as genetic material, lipids, proteins, chemical elements, internal and external metabolites (e.g. hormones, volatile organic compounds, amino acids, xenobiotics etc.) reaching earwax from the blood circulation. Thus, it is able to reflect not only physiology, pathophysiology of the human body but can also detect recent and long term exposure to environmental pollutants, without the need of invasive blood tests and in the same time overcoming many disadvantages faced by using other diagnostic biological fluids. This review discusses the biology, functions, chemistry of earwax, past and current approaches for the study of its chemical composition, emphasizing how a detected variation in its composition can offer information of high clinical value, which can be useful in diagnosis of many diseases such as metabolic disorders and tumours as well as in forensic applications. It also presents details about techniques of sample collection, storage, and analysis. Moreover, it highlights concerns about the use of earwax for diagnostic purposes, which should be addressed to make earwax diagnostics a reality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Mozdiak E, Wicaksono AN, Covington JA, Arasaradnam RP. Colorectal cancer and adenoma screening using urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) detection: early results from a single-centre bowel screening population (UK BCSP). Tech Coloproctol 2019; 23:343-351. [PMID: 30989415 PMCID: PMC6536474 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-019-01963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Kingdom (UK) bowel cancer screening programme has reduced mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC), but poor uptake with stool-based tests and lack of specificity of faecal occult blood testing (FOBT), has prompted investigation for a more suitable screening test. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a urinary volatile organic compounds (VOC)-based screening tool for CRC. METHODS The urine from FOBT-positive patients was analysed using field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Data were analysed using a machine learning algorithm to calculate the test accuracy for correct classification of CRC against adenomas and other gastrointestinal pathology. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Test accuracy was high for differentiating CRC from control: area under the curve (AUC) 0.98 (95% CI 0.93-1) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.67-0.97) using FAIMS and GC-IMS respectively. Correct classification of CRC from adenoma was high with AUC range 0.83-0.92 (95% CI 0.43-1.0). Classification of adenoma from control was poor with AUC range 0.54-0.61 (95% CI 0.47-0.75) using both analytical modalities. CONCLUSIONS CRC was correctly distinguished from adenomas or no bowel pathology using urinary VOC markers, within the bowel screening population. This pilot study demonstrates the potential of this method for CRC detection, with higher test uptake and superior sensitivity than FOBT. In addition, this is the first application of GC-IMS in CRC detection which has shown high test accuracy and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mozdiak
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK.
| | - A N Wicaksono
- School of Engineering, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J A Covington
- School of Engineering, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R P Arasaradnam
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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19
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Duffy E, Morrin A. Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Scent Profiles from Human Skin. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human skin contribute to an individual’s body odour. Understanding the modulation of human odour by a fragrance is of significant importance to the cosmetic sector in the design, development and evaluation of new products. The present research describes an in vivo approach for passive headspace sampling of skin volatile emissions in human participants. A wearable headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method has been employed to investigate baseline endogenous skin volatiles and the subsequent modulation of skin volatile profiles after application of a fragrance to skin. Coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) this method enables characterisation of scent profiles and fragrance longevity in vivo. A total of 51 compounds were identified in participants’ skin, including 19 endogenous and 32 fragrance-derived compounds. The temporal variation in volatile profiles at different times after fragrance application was investigated. Fragrance diffusion from skin varied between participants resulting in diversified scent profiles over time. This non-invasive approach could be employed during cosmetic product development for in vivo evaluation of fragrance profiles and for assessment of the retention of fragrance components in skin to reduce reliance on expert panels during product development.
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21
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Brusselmans L, Arnouts L, Millevert C, Vandersnickt J, van Meerbeeck JP, Lamote K. Breath analysis as a diagnostic and screening tool for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:520-536. [PMID: 30450290 PMCID: PMC6204411 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a tumour related to a historical exposure to asbestos fibres. Currently, the definite diagnosis is made only by the histological examination of a biopsy obtained through an invasive thoracoscopy. However, diagnosis is made too late for curative treatment because of non-specific symptoms mainly appearing at advanced stage disease. Hence, due to its biologic aggressiveness and the late diagnosis, survival rate is low and the patients' outcome poor. In addition, radiological imaging, like computed tomographic scans, and blood biomarkers are found not to be sensitive enough to be used as an early diagnostic tool. Detection in an early stage is assumed to improve the patients' outcome but is hampered due to non-specific and late symptomology. Hence, there is a need for a new screening and diagnostic test which could improve the patients' outcome. Despite extensive research has focused on blood biomarkers, not a single has been shown clinically useful, and therefore research recently shifted to "breathomics" techniques to recognize specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of the patient as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease. In this review, we summarize the acquired knowledge about using breath analysis for diagnosing and monitoring MPM and asbestos-related disorders (ARD). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the gold standard of breath analysis, appears to be the method with the highest accuracy (97%) to differentiate MPM patients from at risk asbestos-exposed subjects. There have already been found some interesting biomarkers that are significantly elevated in asbestosis (NO, 8-isoprostane, leukotriene B4, α-Pinene…) and MPM (cyclohexane) patients. Regrettably, the different techniques and the plethora of studies suffer some limitations. Most studies are pilot studies with the inclusion of a limited number of patients. Nevertheless, given the promising results and easy sampling methods, we can conclude that breath analysis may become a useful tool in the future to screen for MPM, but further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Brusselmans
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Arnouts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Charissa Millevert
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joyce Vandersnickt
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan P. van Meerbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Casas-Ferreira AM, Nogal-Sánchez MD, Pérez-Pavón JL, Moreno-Cordero B. Non-separative mass spectrometry methods for non-invasive medical diagnostics based on volatile organic compounds: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:10-22. [PMID: 30454564 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, an assessment of non-separative methods based on mass spectrometry used to analyse volatile organic compounds in the field of bioanalysis is performed. The use of non-separative methods based on mass spectrometry has been established as an attractive option for analysing compounds. These instrumental configurations are suitable for biomedical applications because of their versatility, rapid output of results, and the wide range of volatile organic compounds that can be determined. Here, techniques such as headspace sampling coupled to mass spectrometry, membrane introduction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry, are evaluated. Samples involving non-invasive methods of collection, such as urine, saliva, breath and sweat, are mainly considered. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of all the non-separative instrumental configurations applied to the analysis of gaseous samples from all matrices non-invasively collected has not yet been carried out. The assessment of non-separative techniques for the analysis of these type of samples can be considered a key issue for future clinical applications, as they allow real-time sample analysis, without patient suffering. Any contribution to the early diagnosis of disease can be considered a priority for the scientific community. Therefore, the identification and determination of volatile organic compounds related to particular diseases has become an important field or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas-Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Nogal-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez-Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno-Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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23
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Yoshioka N, Kurata K, Takahashi T, Ariizumi M, Mori T, Fujisawa H, Kameyama N, Okuyama Y. Body odour aldehyde reduction by acetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:425-428. [PMID: 29897105 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major causes of unpleasant human body odour are aldehydes produced by axillary-resident bacteria. There are many methods of body odour prevention; however, they all carry risks of destroying indigenous dermal bacteria that are necessary for the maintenance of the normal physical function of the skin. Furthermore, some methods cannot directly reduce the concentrations of substances that cause body odour. Therefore, a novel method of reducing body odour more safely and effectively is required. We focused on acetic acid bacterial enzymes, which can convert aldehydes into carboxylic acids, and investigated their effect on aldehydes and body odour. METHODS Subjects with strong body odour were recruited using screening questionnaires. Acetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes was applied to subjects' skin, and their effects were evaluated by trained panellists and by quantitative aldehyde analysis using thermal detector gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Acetic acid bacterial extract including enzymes decreased the ratio of dilution to threshold and the concentration of body odour-producing aldehydes dropped by up to 98.7%. CONCLUSION These results indicate that simply applying acetic acid bacterial enzymes on the skin can reduce the concentration of aldehydes that cause unpleasant body odour by directly converting them into carboxylic acids. Therefore, acetic acid bacterial enzymes can potentially be developed into new products that do not destroy indigenous bacteria and yet can effectively reduce unpleasant body odour.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yoshioka
- Kewpie Co., 2-5-7 Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-0002, Japan
| | - K Kurata
- Kewpie Co., 2-5-7 Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-0002, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kewpie Co., 2-5-7 Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-0002, Japan
| | - M Ariizumi
- Kewpie Co., 2-5-7 Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-0002, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Environmental Control Center Co., Ltd., 3-7-23 Sandamachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0832, Japan
| | - H Fujisawa
- Environmental Control Center Co., Ltd., 3-7-23 Sandamachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0832, Japan
| | - N Kameyama
- Environmental Control Center Co., Ltd., 3-7-23 Sandamachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0832, Japan
| | - Y Okuyama
- Kewpie Co., 2-5-7 Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-0002, Japan
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24
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Shokry E, Pereira J, Marques Júnior JG, da Cunha PHJ, Noronha Filho ADF, da Silva JA, Fioravanti MCS, de Oliveira AE, Antoniosi Filho NR. Earwax metabolomics: An innovative pilot metabolic profiling study for assessing metabolic changes in ewes during periparturition period. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183538. [PMID: 28841695 PMCID: PMC5571955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Important metabolic changes occur during transition period of late pregnancy and early lactation to meet increasing energy demands of the growing fetus and for milk production. The aim of this investigation is to present an innovative and non-invasive tool using ewe earwax sample analysis to assess the metabolic profile in ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. In this work, earwax samples were collected from 28 healthy Brazilian Santa Inês ewes divided into 3 sub-groups: 9 non-pregnant ewes, 6 pregnant ewes in the last 30 days of gestation, and 13 lactating ewes ≤ 30 days postpartum. Then, a range of metabolites including volatile organic compounds (VOC), amino acids (AA), and minerals were profiled and quantified in the samples by applying headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, respectively. As evident in our results, significant changes were observed in the metabolite profile of earwax between the studied groups where a remarkable elevation was detected in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, and hydroxy urea in the VOC profile of samples obtained from pregnant and lactating ewes. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was detected in the levels of 9 minerals and 14 AA including essential AA (leucine, phenyl alanine, lysine, isoleucine, threonine, valine), conditionally essential AA (arginine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, serine), and a non-essential AA (alanine). Multivariate analysis using robust principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was successfully applied to discriminate the three study groups using the variations of metabolites in the two stress states (pregnancy and lactation) from the healthy non-stress condition. The innovative developed method was successful in evaluating pre- and post-parturient metabolic changes using earwax and can in the future be applied to recognize markers for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention of pregnancy complications in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Julião Pereira
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jair Gonzalez Marques Júnior
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jessica Alves da Silva
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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25
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Monteiro M, Moreira N, Pinto J, Pires-Luís AS, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Bastos MDL, Gil AM, Carvalho M, Guedes de Pinho P. GC-MS metabolomics-based approach for the identification of a potential VOC-biomarker panel in the urine of renal cell carcinoma patients. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2092-2105. [PMID: 28378454 PMCID: PMC5571542 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from biological samples appears as one of the most promising approaches in metabolomics for the study of diseases, namely cancer. In fact, it offers advantages, such as non‐invasiveness and robustness for high‐throughput applications. The purpose of this work was to study the urinary volatile metabolic profile of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 30) and controls (n = 37) with the aim of identifying a potential specific urinary volatile pattern as a non‐invasive strategy to detect RCC. Moreover, the effect of some confounding factors such as age, gender, smoking habits and body mass index was evaluated as well as the ability of urinary VOCs to discriminate RCC subtypes and stages. A headspace solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based method was performed, followed by multivariate data analysis. A variable selection method was applied to reduce the impact of potential redundant and noisy chromatographic variables, and all models were validated by Monte Carlo cross‐validation and permutation tests. Regarding the effect of RCC on the urine VOCs composition, a panel of 21 VOCs descriptive of RCC was defined, capable of discriminating RCC patients from controls in principal component analysis. Discriminant VOCs were further individually validated in two independent samples sets (nine RCC patients and 12 controls, seven RCC patients with diabetes mellitus type 2) by univariate statistical analysis. Two VOCs were found consistently and significantly altered between RCC and controls (2‐oxopropanal and, according to identification using NIST14, 2,5,8‐trimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene‐1‐ol), strongly suggesting enhanced potential as RCC biomarkers. Gender, smoking habits and body mass index showed negligible and age‐only minimal effects on the urinary VOCs, compared to the deviations resultant from the disease. Moreover, in this cohort, the urinary volatilome did not show ability to discriminate RCC stages and histological subtypes. The results validated the value of urinary volatilome for the detection of RCC and advanced with the identification of potential RCC urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Monteiro
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Moreira
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pires-Luís
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro (CICECO/UA), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Shokry E, de Oliveira AE, Avelino MAG, de Deus MM, Filho NRA. Earwax: A neglected body secretion or a step ahead in clinical diagnosis? A pilot study. J Proteomics 2017; 159:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Willis C, Britton L, Swindells M, Jones E, Kemp A, Muirhead N, Gul A, Matin R, Knutsson L, Ali M. Invasive melanomain vivocan be distinguished from basal cell carcinoma, benign naevi and healthy skin by canine olfaction: a proof-of-principle study of differential volatile organic compound emission. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1020-1029. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Willis
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
| | - L.E. Britton
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
| | - M.A. Swindells
- Search Dogs UK; 9 Church Road Thornton-Cleveleys Lancashire FY5 2TX U.K
| | - E.M. Jones
- Department of Statistical Science; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT U.K
| | - A.E. Kemp
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
| | - N.L. Muirhead
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
| | - A. Gul
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
| | - R.N. Matin
- Department of Dermatology; Churchill Hospital; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford OX3 7LE U.K
| | - L. Knutsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Dermatology; Amersham Hospital; Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust; Amersham HP7 0JD U.K
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28
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Techniques and issues in breath and clinical sample headspace analysis for disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:677-90. [PMID: 26978667 DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath or clinical samples for disease diagnosis is an attractive proposition because it is noninvasive and rapid. There are numerous studies showing its potential, yet there are barriers to its development. Sampling and sample handling is difficult, and when coupled with a variety of analytical instrumentation, the same samples can give different results. Background air and the environment a person has been exposed to can greatly affect the VOCs emitted by the body; however, this is not an easy problem to solve. This review investigates the use of VOCs in disease diagnosis, the analytical techniques employed and the problems associated with sample handling and standardization. It then suggests the barriers to future development.
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29
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Yamada K, Ohishi K, Gilbert A, Akasaka M, Yoshida N, Yoshimura R. Measurement of natural carbon isotopic composition of acetone in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1597-607. [PMID: 26718914 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The natural carbon isotopic composition of acetone in urine was measured in healthy subjects using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-C-IRMS). Before applying the technique to a urine sample, we optimized the measurement conditions of HS-SPME-GC-C-IRMS using aqueous solutions of commercial acetone reagents. The optimization enabled us to determine the carbon isotopic compositions within ±0.2 ‰ of precision and ±0.3‰ of error using 0.05 or 0.2 mL of aqueous solutions with acetone concentrations of 0.3-121 mg/L. For several days, we monitored the carbon isotopic compositions and concentrations of acetone in urine from three subjects who lived a daily life with no restrictions. We also monitored one subject for 3 days including a fasting period of 24 h. These results suggest that changes in the availability of glucose in the liver are reflected in changes in the carbon isotopic compositions of urine acetone. Results demonstrate that carbon isotopic measurement of metabolites in human biological samples at natural abundance levels has great potential as a tool for detecting metabolic changes caused by changes in physiological states and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Ohishi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Alexis Gilbert
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Mai Akasaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yoshimura
- NTT Device Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
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30
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Souza-Silva ÉA, Reyes-Garcés N, Gómez-Ríos GA, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J. A critical review of the state of the art of solid-phase microextraction of complex matrices III. Bioanalytical and clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Scarlata S, Pennazza G, Santonico M, Pedone C, Antonelli Incalzi R. Exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose in respiratory diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:933-56. [PMID: 25959642 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1043895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breath analysis via electronic nose is a technique oriented around volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling in exhaled breath for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This approach, when supported by methodologies for VOC identification, has been often referred to as metabolomics or breathomics. Although breath analysis may have a substantial impact on clinical practice, as it may allow early diagnosis and large-scale screening strategies while being noninvasive and inexpensive, some technical and methodological limitations must be solved, together with crucial interpretative issues. By integrating a review of the currently available literature with more speculative arguments about the potential interpretation and application of VOC analysis, the authors aim to provide an overview of the main relevant aspects of this promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scarlata
- Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Campus Bio-Medico University and Teaching Hospital, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200 - 00128, Rome, Italy
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In vivo and ex vivo SPME: a low invasive sampling and sample preparation tool in clinical bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1227-39. [PMID: 24946923 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is well-established technology in bioanalysis. Current review discusses the features of SPME, which determine the non- or low-invasiveness of the method in biomedical analysis. In the first section we analyze the factors, which have significant influence on the SPME sampling device performance in the view of sampling safety and efficiency. In the later sections applicability of various SPME approaches for analysis of easily accessible samples routinely used for analysis (e.g., urine, blood) as well as limited availability samples (tissues) is discussed. Moreover, the examples of sampling alternative matrices such as hair, saliva, sweat or breath are presented. The advantages and limitation of the technology in the view of future development of SPME are also reviewed.
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Volatile organic compounds analyzed by gas chromatography-deep ultraviolet spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arthe.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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