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Song G, Chen J, Deng Y, Sun L, Yan Y. TMT Labeling Reveals the Effects of Exercises on the Proteomic Characteristics of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Growing High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23484-23500. [PMID: 37426235 PMCID: PMC10324099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Growing period is an important period for fat remodeling. High-fat diet and exercise are reasons for adipose tissue (AT) remodeling, but existing evidence is not enough. Therefore, the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the proteomic characteristics of the subcutaneous AT of growing rats on normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) were determined. Methods: Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were subdivided into six groups: normal diet control group, normal diet-MICT group, normal diet-HIIT group, HFD control group, HFD-MICT group, and HFD-HIIT group. Rats in the training group ran on a treadmill 5 days a week for 8 weeks (MICT: 50 min at 60-70% VO2max intensity; HIIT: 7 min of warm-up and recovery at 70% VO2max intensity, 6 sets of 3 min of 30% VO2max followed by 3 min 90% VO2max). Following physical assessment, inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) was collected for proteome analysis using tandem mass tag labeling. Results: MICT and HIIT attenuated body fat mass and lean body mass but did not affect weight gain. Proteomics revealed the impact of exercise on ribosome, spliceosome, and the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the effect was reversed on HFD and normal diet. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) affected by MICT were related to oxygen transport, ribosome, and spliceosome. In comparison, the DEPs affected by HIIT were related to oxygen transport, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrion protein. In HFD, HIIT was more likely to cause changes in immune proteins than MICT. However, exercise did not seem to reverse the protein effects of HFD. Conclusion: The exercise stress response in the growing period was stronger but increased the energy metabolism and metabolism. MICT and HIIT can reduce fat, increase muscle percentage, and improve maximum oxygen uptake in rats fed with HFD. However, in rats with normal diet, MICT and HIIT triggered more immune responses of sWAT, especially HIIT. In addition, spliceosomes may be the key factors in AT remodeling triggered by exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Guangdong
Ersha Sports Training Center, Guangzhou 510105, China
| | - Yimin Deng
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fuzhou
Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department
of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory
of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing100084, China
- Laboratory
of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry
of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Stranahan AM, Guo DH, Yamamoto M, Hernandez CM, Khodadadi H, Baban B, Zhi W, Lei Y, Lu X, Ding K, Isales CM. Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Distribution Determine Susceptibility to Neuroinflammation in Mice With Dietary Obesity. Diabetes 2023; 72:245-260. [PMID: 36367881 PMCID: PMC9871229 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) confers protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Females also exhibit distinct immunological responses, relative to males. These differences are often attributed to sex hormones, but reciprocal interactions between metabolism, immunity, and gonadal steroids remain poorly understood. We systematically characterized adipose tissue hypertrophy, sex steroids, and inflammation in male and female mice after increasing durations of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After observing that sex differences in adipose tissue distribution before HFD were correlated with lasting protection against inflammation in females, we hypothesized that a priori differences in the ratio of subcutaneous to visceral fat might mediate this relationship. To test this, male and female mice underwent SAT lipectomy (LPX) or sham surgery before HFD challenge, followed by analysis of glial reactivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and reproductive steroids. Because LPX eliminated female resistance to the proinflammatory effects of HFD without changing circulating sex hormones, we conclude that sexually dimorphic organization of subcutaneous and visceral fat determines susceptibility to inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - De-Huang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Caterina M. Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Plastic Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xinyun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Kehong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Soliz-Rueda JR, de Assis LVM, Navarro-Masip È, Quesada-Vázquez S, Escoté X, Oster H, Mulero M, Aragonès G. Proanthocyanidins Restore the Metabolic Diurnal Rhythm of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue According to Time-Of-Day Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:2246. [PMID: 35684049 PMCID: PMC9182881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has beneficial effects on the functionality of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, although WAT metabolism shows a clear diurnal rhythm, whether GSPE consumption could affect WAT rhythmicity in a time-dependent manner has not been studied. Ninety-six male Fischer rats were fed standard (STD, two groups) or cafeteria (CAF, four groups) diet for 9 weeks (n = 16 each group). From week 6 on, CAF diet animals were supplemented with vehicle or 25 mg GSPE/kg of body weight either at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or at the beginning of the dark/active phase (ZT12). The two STD groups were also supplemented with vehicle at ZT0 or ZT12. In week 9, animals were sacrificed at 6 h intervals (n = 4) to analyze the diurnal rhythms of subcutaneous WAT metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. A total of 45 metabolites were detected, 19 of which presented diurnal rhythms in the STD groups. Although most metabolites became arrhythmic under CAF diet, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, restored the rhythmicity of 12 metabolites including compounds involved in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. These results demonstrate that timed GSPE supplementation may restore, at least partially, the functional dynamics of WAT when it is consumed at the beginning of the active phase. This study opens an innovative strategy for time-dependent polyphenol treatment in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Romina M. Rodríguez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
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4
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Navarro-Masip È, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Time-of-day dependent effect of proanthocyanidins on adipose tissue metabolism in rats with diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1394-1402. [PMID: 35523954 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) improve white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion during diet-induced obesity. However, because adipose metabolism is synchronized by circadian rhythms, it is plausible to speculate that the bioactivity of dietary proanthocyanidins could be influenced by the time-of-day in which they are consumed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction between zeitgeber time (ZT) and GSPE consumption on the functionality of WAT in rats with diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for 9 weeks. After 5 weeks, the animals were supplemented with 25 mg GSPE/kg for 4 weeks at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or of the dark/active phase (ZT12). Body fat content was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and histological analyses were performed in the epididymal (EWAT) and inguinal (IWAT) fat depots to determine adipocyte size and number. In addition, the expression of genes related to adipose metabolism and circadian clock function were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS GSPE consumption at ZT0 was associated with a potential antidiabetic effect without affecting adiposity and energy intake and downregulating the gene expression of inflammatory markers in EWAT. In contrast, GSPE consumption at ZT12 improved adipose tissue expansion decreasing adipocyte size in IWAT. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were downregulated at ZT12 in IWAT. In turn, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, repressed the expression of the clock gene Cry1 in IWAT. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between ZT and GSPE consumption influenced the metabolic response of WAT in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding the impact of circadian clock on adipose metabolism and how this is regulated by polyphenols will provide new insights for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Romina M Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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Petrosino JM, Longenecker JZ, Ramkumar S, Xu X, Dorn LE, Bratasz A, Yu L, Maurya S, Tolstikov V, Bussberg V, Janssen PM, Periasamy M, Kiebish MA, Duester G, von Lintig J, Ziouzenkova O, Accornero F. Paracardial fat remodeling affects systemic metabolism through alcohol dehydrogenase 1. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141799. [PMID: 33586683 PMCID: PMC7880313 DOI: 10.1172/jci141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and metabolic health is well established. However, very little is known about the fat depot, known as paracardial fat (pCF), located superior to and surrounding the heart. Here, we show that pCF remodels with aging and a high-fat diet and that the size and function of this depot are controlled by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), an enzyme that oxidizes retinol into retinaldehyde. Elderly individuals and individuals with obesity have low ADH1 expression in pCF, and in mice, genetic ablation of Adh1 is sufficient to drive pCF accumulation, dysfunction, and global impairments in metabolic flexibility. Metabolomics analysis revealed that pCF controlled the levels of circulating metabolites affecting fatty acid biosynthesis. Also, surgical removal of the pCF depot was sufficient to rescue the impairments in cardiometabolic flexibility and fitness observed in Adh1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment with retinaldehyde prevented pCF remodeling in these animals. Mechanistically, we found that the ADH1/retinaldehyde pathway works by driving PGC-1α nuclear translocation and promoting mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis in the pCF depot. Together, these data demonstrate that pCF is a critical regulator of cardiometabolic fitness and that retinaldehyde and its generating enzyme ADH1 act as critical regulators of adipocyte remodeling in the pCF depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Petrosino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob Z. Longenecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xianyao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Lisa E. Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santosh Maurya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Valerie Bussberg
- BERG, Precision Medicine Department, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul M.L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Preliminary adipose removal did not prevent diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:716-724. [PMID: 33410621 PMCID: PMC7989994 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a fundamental factor in metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis. However, effective preventive measures are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate different surgical protocols for removing partial adipose tissue before the onset of obesity and determine whether, and by which protocol, preliminary adipose removal could exert potent preventive effects against diet-induced metabolic disorders. Methods: Male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to epididymal fat removal (Epi-FR) surgery, subcutaneous fat removal (suQ-FR) surgery, both subcutaneous and epididymal fat removal (Epi + suQ-FR) surgery, or sham-operation. After 1 week of recovery, all mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce metabolic disorders. Results: In the Epi-FR group and the sham-operated group, the mean numbers of the residual subcutaneous fat were 28.59 mg/g and 18.56 mg/g, respectively. The expression of relative genes such as Pparg, Cebpa, Dgat2, Fabp4 and Cd36 in the residual subcutaneous fat increased 2.62, 3.90, 3.11, 2.06, 1.78 times in the Epi-FR group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Whereas in the other fat-removal groups, the residual fat depots had no significant change in either size or gene expression, as compared with those of the sham-operated group. Plasma lipid and glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, as detected by the glucose tolerance test, were not significantly alleviated in the three fat removal groups. Liver mass or lipid content was not attenuated in any of the three fat removal groups. The atherosclerosis burdens in the entire inner aorta and aortic root did not decrease in any of the three fat removal groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that removal of epididymal adipose or subcutaneous adipose alone or in combination before the onset of obesity did not protect against hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, or atherosclerosis in LDL-R KO mice fed with a HFD. Hence, adipose removal possibly does not represent a potential approach in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders in the obesity-susceptible population.
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Baiges-Gaya G, Fernández-Arroyo S, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabré N, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Castañé H, Romeu M, Nogués MR, Camps J, Joven J. Hepatic metabolic adaptation and adipose tissue expansion are altered in mice with steatohepatitis induced by high-fat high sucrose diet. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108559. [PMID: 33264665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic progressive disease with several metabolic alterations. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important comorbidity of obesity that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. This study aimed at clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic alterations in hepatic and adipose tissue during high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced NAFLD development in mice. METHODS Twenty-four male mice (C57BL/6J) were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 8 mice per group) to receive a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HF-HSD) for 20 weeks. At sacrifice, liver and adipose tissue were obtained for histopathological, metabolomic, and protein expression analyses. RESULTS HF-HSD (but not HFD) was associated with NASH and increased oxidative stress. These animals presented an inhibition of hepatic autophagy and alterations in AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin activity. We also observed that the ability of metabolic adaptation was adversely affected by the increase of damaged mitochondria. NASH development was associated with changes in adipose tissue dynamics and increased amounts of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION HF-HSD led to a metabolic blockage and impaired hepatic mitochondria turnover. In addition, the continuous accumulation of fatty acids produced adipose tissue dysfunction and hepatic fat accumulation that favored the progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Farmacologia, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Nogués
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Farmacologia, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina, Reus, Spain; Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain; Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
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8
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Wang R, Zhou W, Zhu X, Zhou N, Yang F, Sun B, Li X. Differences in Neuregulin 4 Expression in Children: Effects of Fat Depots and Obese Status. Endocr Res 2020; 45:190-201. [PMID: 31986906 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2020.1721528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the expression of Nrg4, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CD31, VE-cadherin/CDH5 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous (SC), omental (OM) adipose tissue in children with relation to anthropometric parameters. Further to verify the effect of inflammatory mediators on Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA expression in adipocytes. METHODS Paired SC and OM adipose tissues were obtained from 58 children. In vitro, the adipocytes isolated from primary inguinal adipose tissue of mice were treated with TNFα (50 ng/ml) for 12-48 h. mRNA levels of Nrg4, UCP1 and TNFα were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Nrg4, UCP1, VEGF-A and CDH5 mRNA levels in SC were significantly higher than those in OM adipose tissue and the mRNA level of TNFα showed the opposite result. Moreover, Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA in SC were significantly lower in overweight children compared to normal weight children. Nrg4 in SC and OM was negatively associated with BMISDS, WHtR. CDH55 mRNA in OM was negatively associated with WHR. VEGF-A was positively correlated with Nrg4 in SC. In vitro, Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA levels in adipocytes were dose- and time-dependently decreased under TNFα treatment. CONCLUSIONS Nrg4, UCP1, VEGF-A and CDH5 mRNA expression in adipose tissues display a depot-specific pattern. Nrg4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue are decreased with obesity and associated with WAT browning and angiogenesis. TNFα may be involved in the regulation of Nrg4 level in adipose tissue, which may be one of the causes of the down-regulation of Nrg4 expression in obesity with chronic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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Murillo AL, Kaiser KA, Smith DL, Peterson CM, Affuso O, Tiwari HK, Allison DB. A Systematic Scoping Review of Surgically Manipulated Adipose Tissue and the Regulation of Energetics and Body Fat in Animals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1404-1417. [PMID: 31361090 PMCID: PMC6707830 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical manipulations of adipose tissue by removal, or partial lipectomy, have demonstrated body fat compensation and recovered body weight, suggesting that the body is able to resist changes to body composition. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an update on what is currently known about the regulation of energetics and body fat after surgical manipulations of adipose tissue in small mammals. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify 64 eligible studies. Outcome measures included body fat, body weight, food intake, and circulating biomarkers. RESULTS Surgeries performed included lipectomy (72%) or transplantation (12%) in mice (35%), rats (35%), and other small mammals. Findings suggested that lipectomy did not have consistent long-term effects on reducing body weight and fat because regain occurred within 12 to 14 weeks post surgery. Hence, biological feedback mechanisms act to resist long-term changes of body weight or fat. Furthermore, whether this weight and fat regain occurred because of "passive" and "active" regulation under the "set point" or "settling point" theories cannot fully be discerned because of limitations in study designs and data collected. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of energetics and body fat are complex and dynamic processes that require further studies of the interplay of genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A. Kaiser
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Health Behavior Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Courtney M. Peterson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Olivia Affuso
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - David B. Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Pimenta FDS, Tose H, Waichert É, da Cunha MRH, Campos FV, Vasquez EC, Mauad H. Lipectomy associated to obesity produces greater fat accumulation in the visceral white adipose tissue of female compared to male rats. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:44. [PMID: 30738429 PMCID: PMC6368803 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobility of fat deposited in adipocytes among different fatty territories can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Our goal was to investigate which of the remaining fat pads assume the role of accumulating lipids after surgical removal of parietal WAT (lipectomy; LIPEC) in rats of both sexes displaying MSG-induced obesity. METHODS The animals entered the study straight after birth, being separated according to gender and randomly divided into CON (control, saline-treated) and MSG (monosodium glutamate-treated) groups. Next, the animals underwent LIPEC or sham-operated surgery (SHAM). Obesity was induced by the injection of MSG (4 mg/g/day) during neonatal stage (2nd to 11th day from birth). LIPEC was performed on the 12th week, consisting in the withdrawal of parietal WAT. On the 16th week, the following WATs were isolated and collected: peri-epididymal-WAT (EP-WAT); parametrial-WAT (PM-WAT); omental-WAT (OM-WAT); perirenal-WAT (PR-WAT) and retroperitoneal-WAT (RP-WAT). RESULTS The adiposity index was significantly increased in both male (3.2 ± 0.2** vs 1.8 ± 0.1) and female (4.9 ± 0.7* vs 2.6 ± 0.3) obese rats compared to their respective control groups. LIPEC in obese animals produced fat accumulation in visceral fat sites in a more accentuated manner in female (3.6 ± 0.3** vs 2.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g) rather than in male (1.8 ± 0.2* vs 1.5 ± 0.1 g/100 g) rats compared to obese non-lipectomized animals. Among the visceral WATs, the greater differences were observed between gonadal WATs of obese lipectomized rats, with higher accumulation having been observed in PM-WAT (2.8 ± 0.3* vs 2.1 ± 0.2 g/100 g) rather than in EP-WAT (1.0 ± 0.1 ± 0.9 ± 0.1 g/100 g) when compared to obese non-lipectomized animals. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study led us to conclude that obesity induced by MSG treatment occurs differently in male and female rats. When associated with parietal LIPEC, there was a significant increase in the deposition of visceral fat, which was significantly higher in obese female rats than in males, indicating that fat mobility among WATs in lipectomized-obese rats can occur more expressively in particular sites of remaining WATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio da Silva Pimenta
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Bairro Boa Vista II, Vila Velha, ES, CEP 29102-920, Brazil
| | - Hadnan Tose
- Departament of Medical Clinic, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Av. Nossa Sra. da Penha, 2190 - Bela Vista, Vitória, ES, CEP 29027-502, Brazil
| | - Élio Waichert
- Faculdade Estácio, Av. Dr. Herwan Modenese Wanderley, 1001. Bairro Jardim Camburi, Vitória, ES, CEP 29092-095, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Holanda da Cunha
- Sports Department, Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514. Bairro Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Vasconcelos Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória, ES, CEP 29042-751, Brazil
| | - Elisardo Corral Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Bairro Boa Vista II, Vila Velha, ES, CEP 29102-920, Brazil
| | - Hélder Mauad
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória, ES, CEP 29042-751, Brazil.
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Booth A, Magnuson A, Fouts J, Wei Y, Wang D, Pagliassotti M, Foster M. Subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation protects systemic glucose tolerance and muscle metabolism. Adipocyte 2018; 7:261-272. [PMID: 30230416 PMCID: PMC6768251 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1525252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of lower body subcutaneous adiposity are linked to the depot functioning as a "metabolic sink" receiving and sequestering excess lipid. This postulate, however, is based on indirect evidence. Mechanisms that mediate this protection are unknown. Here we directly examined this with progressive subcutaneous adipose tissue removal. Ad libitum chow fed mice underwent sham surgery, unilateral or bilateral removal of inguinal adipose tissue or bilateral removal of both inguinal and dorsal adipose tissue. Subsequently mice were separated into 5 week chow or 5 or 13 week HFD groups (N = 10 per group). Primary outcome measures included adipocyte distribution, muscle and liver triglycerides, glucose tolerance, circulating adipocytokines and muscle insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue removal caused lipid accumulation in femoral muscle proximal to excision, however, lipid accumulation was not proportionally inverse to adipose tissue quantity excised. Accumulative adipose removal was associated with an incremental reduction in systemic glucose tolerance in 13 week HFD mice. Although insulin-stimulated pAkt/Akt did not progressively decrease among surgery groups following 13 weeks of HFD, there was a suppressed pAkt/Akt response in the non-insulin stimulated (saline-injected) 13 week HFD mice. Hence, increases in lower body subcutaneous adipose removal resulted in incremental decreases in the effectiveness of basal insulin sensitivity of femoral muscle. The current data supports that the subcutaneous depot protects systemic glucose homeostasis while also protecting proximal muscle from metabolic dysregulation and lipid accumulation. Removal of the "metabolic sink" likely leads to glucose intolerance because of decreased storage space for glucose and/or lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.D. Booth
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A.M. Magnuson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J. Fouts
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Y. Wei
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M.J. Pagliassotti
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M.T. Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Akoumianakis I, Antoniades C. The interplay between adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system: is fat always bad? Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:999-1008. [PMID: 28582523 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, clinical research has revealed a paradoxically protective role for obesity in patients with chronic diseases including CVD, suggesting that the biological 'quality' of adipose tissue (AT) may be more important than overall AT mass or body weight. Importantly, AT is recognised as a dynamic organ secreting a wide range of biologically active adipokines, microRNAs, gaseous messengers, and other metabolites that affect the cardiovascular system in both endocrine and paracrine ways. Despite being able to mediate normal cardiovascular function under physiological conditions, AT undergoes a phenotypic shift characterised by acquisition of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory properties in cases of CVD. Crucially, recent evidence suggests that AT depots such as perivascular AT and epicardial AT are able to modify their phenotype in response to local signals of vascular and myocardial origin, respectively. Utilisation of this unique property of certain AT depots to dynamically track cardiovascular biology may reveal novel diagnostic and prognostic tools against CVD. Better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the 'quality' of AT secretome, as well as the communication links between AT and the cardiovascular system, is required for the efficient management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hill JH, Solt C, Foster MT. Obesity associated disease risk: the role of inherent differences and location of adipose depots. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 33:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0012/hmbci-2018-0012.xml. [PMID: 29547393 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic co-morbidities are a worldwide public health problem. Negative health outcomes associated with obesity, however, do not arise from excessive adiposity alone. Rather, deleterious outcomes of adipose tissue accumulation are a result of how adipocytes are distributed to individual regions in the body. Due to our increased understanding of the dynamic relationship that exists between specific adipose depots and disease risk, an accurate characterization of total body adiposity as well as location is required to properly evaluate a population's disease risk. Specifically, distinctive tissue depots within the body include the lower body, upper body and abdominal (deep and superficial) subcutaneous regions, as well as visceral (mesenteric and omental) regions. Upper body and visceral adipose tissues are highly associated with metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease development, whereas lower body gluteofemoral subcutaneous adipose tissue imparts protection against diet-induced metabolic derangement. Each adipose depot functions distinctly as an endocrine organ hence it has a different level of impact on health outcomes. Effluent from adipose tissue can modulate the functions of other tissues, whilst receiving differential communication from the rest of the body via central nervous system innervation, metabolites and other signaling molecules. More so, adipose depots contain a diverse reservoir of tissue-resident immune cells that play an integral part in both maintaining tissue homeostasis, as well as propagating metabolically-induced inflammation. Overall, the conceptualization of obesity and associated risks needs updating to reflect the complexities of obesity. We review adipose tissue characteristics that are linked to deleterious or beneficial adipose tissue distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, Phone: +(970) 491-6189, Fax: +(970) 491-3875
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Peppler WT, Townsend LK, Knuth CM, Foster MT, Wright DC. Subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue is responsive to, but dispensable for, the metabolic health benefits of exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E66-E77. [PMID: 28978546 PMCID: PMC5866388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00226.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training has robust effects on subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), characterized by a shift to a brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like phenotype. Consistent with this, transplantation of exercise-trained iWAT into sedentary rodents activates thermogenesis and improves glucose homeostasis, suggesting that iWAT metabolism may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise. However, it is yet to be determined if adaptations in iWAT are necessary for the beneficial systemic effects of exercise. To test this, male C57BL/6 mice were provided access to voluntary wheel running (VWR) or remained as a cage control (SED) for 11 nights after iWAT removal via lipectomy (LIPX) or SHAM surgery. We found that SHAM and LIPX mice with access to VWR ran similar distances and had comparable reductions in body mass, increased food intake, and increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Further, VWR improved indexes of glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance in both SHAM and LIPX mice. The lack of effect of LIPX in the response to VWR was not explained by compensatory increases in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue, or interscapular brown adipose tissue. Together, these data demonstrate that mice with and without iWAT have comparable adaptations to VWR, suggesting that iWAT may be dispensable for the metabolic health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Carly M Knuth
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
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Foster MT. So as we worry we weigh: Visible burrow system stress and visceral adiposity. Physiol Behav 2017; 178:151-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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