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Simon‐Molas H, Del Prete R, Kabanova A. Glucose metabolism in B cell malignancies: a focus on glycolysis branching pathways. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1777-1794. [PMID: 38115544 PMCID: PMC11223612 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose catabolism, one of the essential pathways sustaining cellular bioenergetics, has been widely studied in the context of tumors. Nevertheless, the function of various branches of glucose metabolism that stem from 'classical' glycolysis have only been partially explored. This review focuses on discussing general mechanisms and pathological implications of glycolysis and its branching pathways in the biology of B cell malignancies. We summarize here what is known regarding pentose phosphate, hexosamine, serine biosynthesis, and glycogen synthesis pathways in this group of tumors. Despite most findings have been based on malignant B cells themselves, we also discuss the role of glucose metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on T cells. Understanding the contribution of glycolysis branching pathways and how they are hijacked in B cell malignancies will help to dissect the role they have in sustaining the dissemination and proliferation of tumor B cells and regulating immune responses within these tumors. Ultimately, this should lead to deciphering associated vulnerabilities and improve current therapeutic schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Simon‐Molas
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and HematologyAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer ImmunologyCancer Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Kabanova
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences FoundationSienaItaly
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Ahamed A, Hosea R, Wu S, Kasim V. The Emerging Roles of the Metabolic Regulator G6PD in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17238. [PMID: 38139067 PMCID: PMC10743588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, especially reprogrammed glucose metabolism, is a well-known cancer hallmark related to various characteristics of tumor cells, including proliferation, survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a branch of glycolysis, that converts glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PGL). Furthermore, PPP produces ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), which provides sugar-phosphate backbones for nucleotide synthesis as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), an important cellular reductant. Several studies have shown enhanced G6PD expression and PPP flux in various tumor cells, as well as their correlation with tumor progression through cancer hallmark regulation, especially reprogramming cellular metabolism, sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Inhibiting G6PD could suppress tumor cell proliferation, promote cell death, reverse chemoresistance, and inhibit metastasis, suggesting the potential of G6PD as a target for anti-tumor therapeutic strategies. Indeed, while challenges-including side effects-still remain, small-molecule G6PD inhibitors showing potential anti-tumor effect either when used alone or in combination with other anti-tumor drugs have been developed. This review provides an overview of the structural significance of G6PD, its role in and regulation of tumor development and progression, and the strategies explored in relation to G6PD-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfar Ahamed
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Liu B, Fu X, Du Y, Feng Z, Chen R, Liu X, Yu F, Zhou G, Ba Y. Pan-cancer analysis of G6PD carcinogenesis in human tumors. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:525-534. [PMID: 37335542 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is involved in the catalytic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is closely related to energy metabolism. G6PD plays a crucial role in many types of cancer, but the specific molecular mechanisms of G6PD in cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential oncogenic role of G6PD in various tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the cBioPortal datasets, the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena browser, and the UALCAN-based online tool. G6PD was highly expressed in several cancer tissues (hepatocellular carcinoma, glioma, and breast cancer) compared with normal tissues and was significantly associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and breast cancer. Promoter methylation levels of G6PD were lower in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA) (P = 2.77e-02), breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) (P = 1.62e-12), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) (P = 4.23e-02), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) (P = 2.64e-03), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (P = 1.76e-02), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) (P = 3.50e-02), testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) (P = 1.62e-12), higher in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) (P = 1.81e-09), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) (P = 2.96e-04) compared with corresponding normal tissue samples. G6PD expression was positively correlated with the infiltration level of immune cells in most tumors, suggesting that G6PD may be involved in tumor immune infiltration. In addition, the functional mechanism of G6PD also involves 'Carbon metabolism', 'Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis', 'Pentose phosphate pathway', and 'Central carbon pathway metabolism in cancer signaling pathway'. This pan-cancer study provides a relatively broad understanding of the oncogenic role of G6PD in various tumors and presents a theoretical basis for the development of G6PD inhibitors as therapeutic drugs for multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Chen
- Jinshui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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Zeng T, Li B, Shu X, Pang J, Wang H, Cai X, Liao Y, Xiao X, Chong Y, Gong J, Li X. Pan-cancer analysis reveals that G6PD is a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for a variety of cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183474. [PMID: 37601657 PMCID: PMC10435888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite accumulating evidence revealing that Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is highly expressed in many tumor tissues and plays a remarkable role in cancer tumorigenesis and progression, there is still a lack of G6PD pan-cancer analysis. This study was designed to analyze the expression status and prognostic significance of G6PD in pan-cancer. Methods G6PD expression data were obtained from multiple data resources including the Genotype-Tissue Expression, the Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource. These data were used to assess the G6PD expression, prognostic value, and clinical characteristics. The ESTIMATE algorithms were used to analyze the association between G6PD expression and immune-infiltrating cells and the tumor microenvironment. The functional enrichment analysis was also performed across pan-cancer. In addition, the GDSC1 database containing 403 drugs was utilized to explore the relationship between drug sensitivity and G6PD expression levels. Furthermore, we also performed clinical validation and in vitro experiments to further validate the role of G6PD in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its correlation with prognosis. The R software was used for statistical analysis and data visualization. Results G6PD expression was upregulated in most cancers compared to their normal counterparts. The study also revealed that G6PD expression was a prognostic indicator and high levels of G6PD expression were correlated with worse clinical prognosis including overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval in multiple cancers. Furthermore, the G6PD level was also related to cancer immunity infiltration in most of the cancers, especially in KIRC, LGG, and LIHC. In addition to this, G6PD expression was positively related to pathological stages of KIRP, BRCA, KIRC, and LIHC. Functional analysis and protein-protein interactions network results revealed that G6PD was involved in metabolism-related activities, immune responses, proliferation, and apoptosis. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that IC50 values of most identified anti-cancer drugs were positively correlated with the G6PD expression. Notably, in vitro functional validation showed that G6PD knockdown attenuated the phenotypes of proliferation in HCC. Conclusion G6PD may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancers and may be a potential therapeutic target gene for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Brown K, Jenkins LMM, Crooks DR, Surman DR, Mazur SJ, Xu Y, Arimilli BS, Yang Y, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Schrump DS, Linehan WM, Ripley RT, Appella E. Targeting mutant p53-R248W reactivates WT p53 function and alters the onco-metabolic profile. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1094210. [PMID: 36713582 PMCID: PMC9874945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1094210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, and gain-of-function mutations have wide-ranging effects. Efforts to reactivate wild-type p53 function and inhibit mutant functions have been complicated by the variety of TP53 mutations. Identified from a screen, the NSC59984 compound has been shown to restore activity to mutant p53 in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we investigated its effects on esophageal adenocarcinoma cells with specific p53 hot-spot mutations. NSC59984 treatment of cells reactivated p53 transcriptional regulation, inducing mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. Analysis of its effects on cellular metabolism demonstrated increased utilization of the pentose phosphate pathway and inhibition of glycolysis at the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate junction. Furthermore, treatment of cells with NSC59984 increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased glutathione levels; these effects were enhanced by the addition of buthionine sulfoximine and inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine. We found that the effects of NSC59984 were substantially greater in cells harboring the p53 R248W mutation. Overall, these findings demonstrate p53-dependent effects of NSC59984 on cellular metabolism, with increased activity in cells harboring the p53 R248W mutation. This research highlights the importance of defining the mutational status of a particular cancer to create a patient-centric strategy for the treatment of p53-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Brown
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Kate Brown,
| | - Lisa M. Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R. Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah R. Surman
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Bhargav S. Arimilli
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ye Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, UK, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Teresa W-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, UK, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David S. Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R. Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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More Than an Antioxidant: Role of Dietary Astaxanthin on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010136. [PMID: 36670998 PMCID: PMC9854815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout liver. Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were tested for 12 weeks in rainbow trout with an initial mean weight of 309 g. The S-ASTA diet was supplemented with 100 mg of synthetic AX per kg of feed, whereas the control diet (CTRL) had no AX. Fish fed the S-ASTA diet displayed lower neutral and higher polar lipids in the liver, associated with smaller hepatocytes and lower cytoplasm vacuolization. Dietary AX upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl2) and 1,2-diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (chpt), and downregulated diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat2), suggesting the AX's role in triacylglycerol (TAG) turnover and phospholipid (PL) synthesis. Dietary AX may also affect beta-oxidation with the upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1α2). Although hepatic cholesterol levels were not affected, dietary AX increased gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (srebp2). Dietary AX upregulated the expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh) and downregulated pyruvate kinase (pkl). Overall, results suggest that dietary AX modulates the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and the last step of glycolysis, affecting TAG turnover, β-oxidation, PL and cholesterol synthesis in rainbow trout liver.
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Shannar A, Sarwar MS, Kong ANT. A New Frontier in Studying Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer and in Health: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:335-346. [PMID: 36721757 PMCID: PMC9843711 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming are closely inter-related, and mutually regulate each other to control cell growth in cancer initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in regulating normal cellular functions as well as pathological conditions in many diseases, including cancer. Conversely, certain mitochondrial metabolites are considered as essential cofactors and regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, dysregulation of metabolism promotes tumor cell growth and reprograms the cells to produce metabolites and bioenergy needed to support cancer cell proliferation. Hence, metabolic reprogramming which alters the metabolites/epigenetic cofactors, would drive the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and histone modification, that could lead to cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. Recognizing the diverse array of benefits of phytochemicals, they are gaining increasing interest in cancer interception and treatment. One of the significant mechanisms of cancer interception and treatment by phytochemicals is reprogramming of the key metabolic pathways and remodeling of cancer epigenetics. This review focuses on the metabolic remodeling and epigenetics reprogramming in cancer and investigates the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals can mitigate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shannar
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Md. Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,
Correspondence to Ah-Ng Tony Kong,
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Luce A, Lombardi A, Ferri C, Zappavigna S, Tathode MS, Miles AK, Boocock DJ, Vadakekolathu J, Bocchetti M, Alfano R, Sperlongano R, Ragone A, Sapio L, Desiderio V, Naviglio S, Regad T, Caraglia M. A Proteomic Approach Reveals That miR-423-5p Modulates Glucidic and Amino Acid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010617. [PMID: 36614061 PMCID: PMC9820599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that miR-423-5p modulates the growth and metastases of prostate cancer (PCa) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have studied the effects of miR-423-5p on the proteomic profile in order to identify its intracellular targets and the affected pathways. Applying a quantitative proteomic approach, we analyzed the effects on the protein expression profile of miR-423-5p-transduced PCa cells. Moreover, a computational analysis of predicted targets of miR-423-5p was carried out by using several target prediction tools. Proteomic analysis showed that 63 proteins were differentially expressed in miR-423-5-p-transfected LNCaP cells if compared to controls. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that stable overexpression of miR-423-5p in LNCaP PCa cells induced inhibition of glycolysis and the metabolism of several amino acids and a parallel downregulation of proteins involved in transcription and hypoxia, the immune response through Th17-derived cytokines, inflammation via amphorin signaling, and ion transport. Moreover, upregulated proteins were related to the S phase of cell cycle, chromatin modifications, apoptosis, blood coagulation, and calcium transport. We identified seven proteins commonly represented in miR-423-5p targets and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and analyzed their expression and influence on the survival of PCa patients from publicly accessible datasets. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-423-5p induces alterations in glucose and amino acid metabolism in PCa cells paralleled by modulation of several tumor-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Ferri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Medicina Futura Group, Coleman S.p.A, Via Alcide De Gasperi 107/109/111, Acerra, 80011 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Madhura S. Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amanda K. Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David J. Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | - Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences “DAMSS”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. M. di Costantinopoli 104, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sperlongano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ragone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5667517
| | - Tarik Regad
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Kao TW, Chuang YC, Lee HL, Kuo CC, Shen YA. Therapeutic Targeting of Glutaminolysis as a Novel Strategy to Combat Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315296. [PMID: 36499623 PMCID: PMC9737183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to self-renew and are the primary driving force behind cancer metastatic dissemination and the preeminent hurdle to cancer treatment. As opposed to differentiated, non-malignant tumor offspring, CSCs have sophisticated metabolic patterns that, depending on the kind of cancer, rely mostly on the oxidation of major fuel substrates such as glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids for survival. Glutaminolysis is a series of metabolic reactions that convert glutamine to glutamate and, eventually, α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that provides biosynthetic building blocks. These building blocks are mostly utilized in the synthesis of macromolecules and antioxidants for redox homeostasis. A recent study revealed the cellular and molecular interconnections between glutamine and cancer stemness in the cell. Researchers have increasingly focused on glutamine catabolism in their attempt to discover an effective therapy for cancer stem cells. Targeting catalytic enzymes in glutaminolysis, such as glutaminase (GLS), is achievable with small molecule inhibitors, some of which are in early-phase clinical trials and have promising safety profiles. This review summarizes the current findings in glutaminolysis of CSCs and focuses on novel cancer therapies that target glutaminolysis in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wan Kao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Marquardt S, Takan I, Georgakilas AG, Stiewe T. p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:853-869. [PMID: 35948758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we review TP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressor TP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. The TP73 gene regulates a wide range of processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and cancer via an overwhelming number of functionally divergent isoforms. We suggest that TP73 neither merely mimics TP53 via its p53-like tumor-suppressive functions, nor has black-or-white-type effects, as inferred by the antagonism between several of its isoforms in processes like apoptosis and DNA damage response. Rather, under dynamic conditions of selective pressure, the various p73 isoforms which are often co-expressed within the same cancer cells may work towards a common goal by simultaneously activating isoform-specific transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Combinatorial co-option of these programs offers selective advantages that overall increase the likelihood for successfully surpassing the barriers of the metastatic cascade. The p73 functional pleiotropy-based capabilities might be present in subclonal populations and expressed dynamically under changing microenvironmental conditions, thereby supporting clonal expansion and propelling evolution of metastasis. Deciphering the critical p73 isoform patterns along the spatiotemporal axes of tumor evolution could identify strategies to target TP73 for prevention and therapy of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Medical School Berlin, Hochschule Für Gesundheit Und Medizin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Patel JH, Ong DJ, Williams CR, Callies LK, Wills AE. Elevated pentose phosphate pathway flux supports appendage regeneration. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111552. [PMID: 36288713 PMCID: PMC10569227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in regeneration is rapid growth to replace lost tissue. Cells must generate sufficient lipids, nucleotides, and proteins to fuel rapid cell division. To define metabolic pathways underlying regenerative growth, we undertake a multimodal investigation of metabolic reprogramming in Xenopus tropicalis appendage regeneration. Regenerating tissues have increased glucose uptake; however, inhibition of glycolysis does not decrease regeneration. Instead, glucose is funneled to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is essential for full tail regeneration. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolite profiling reveals increased nucleotide and nicotinamide intermediates required for cell division. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we find that highly proliferative cells have increased transcription of PPP enzymes and not glycolytic enzymes. Further, PPP inhibition results in decreased cell division specifically in regenerating tissue. Our results inform a model wherein regenerating tissues direct glucose toward the PPP, yielding nucleotide precursors to drive regenerative cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet H Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire R Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - LuLu K Callies
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea E Wills
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Marabitti V, Giansanti M, De Mitri F, Gatto F, Mastronuzzi A, Nazio F. Pathological implications of metabolic reprogramming and its therapeutic potential in medulloblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007641. [PMID: 36340043 PMCID: PMC9627342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific alterations in metabolism have been recognized to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival in many cancer types. However, metabolic heterogeneity poses a challenge for the establishment of effective anticancer therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most heterogeneous malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into four molecular subgroups (Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4). Recent progresses in genomics, single-cell sequencing, and novel tumor models have updated the classification and stratification of MB, highlighting the complex intratumoral cellular diversity of this cancer. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms through which MB cells rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and empower rapid growth, survival under stressful conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Additionally, we discuss the potential clinical benefits of currently available drugs that could target energy metabolism to suppress MB progression and increase the efficacy of the current MB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Giansanti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Mitri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Lu W, Li J, Yu S, Brown EJ, Stanger BZ, Rabinowitz JD, Yang X. G6PD-mediated increase in de novo NADP + biosynthesis promotes antioxidant defense and tumor metastasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0404. [PMID: 35857842 PMCID: PMC9299539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metastasizing cancer cells are able to withstand high levels of oxidative stress through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we show that under various oxidative stress conditions, pancreatic cancer cells markedly expand NADPH and NADP+ pools. This expansion is due to up-regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which stimulates the cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK1) to produce NADP+ while converting NADP+ to NADPH. G6PD is activated by the transcription factor TAp73, which is, in turn, regulated by two pathways. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 suppresses expression of the ubiquitin ligase PIRH2, stabilizing the TAp73 protein. Checkpoint kinases 1/2 and E2F1 induce expression of the TAp73 gene. Levels of G6PD and its upstream activators are elevated in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Knocking down G6PD impedes pancreatic cancer metastasis, whereas forced G6PD expression promotes it. These findings reveal an intracellular network that maintains redox homeostasis through G6PD-mediated increase in de novo NADP+ biosynthesis, which may be co-opted by tumor cells to enable metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric J. Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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The Multiple Roles of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020271. [PMID: 35207558 PMCID: PMC8875868 DOI: 10.3390/life12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a branch from glycolysis that begins from glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and ends up with fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GADP). Its primary physiological significance is to provide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and nucleotides for vital activities such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense and DNA synthesis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a housekeeping protein with 514 amino acids that is also the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, catalyzing G6P into 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PGL) and producing the first NADPH of this pathway. Increasing evidence indicates that G6PD is upregulated in diverse cancers, and this dysfunction influences DNA synthesis, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and redox homeostasis, which provides advantageous conditions for cancer cell growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Thus, targeting G6PD by inhibitors has been shown as a promising strategy in treating cancer and reversing chemotherapeutic resistance. In this review, we will summarize the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and discuss its role, regulation and inhibitors in cancer development and chemotherapy resistance.
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15
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Yuan Y, Li H, Pu W, Chen L, Guo D, Jiang H, He B, Qin S, Wang K, Li N, Feng J, Wen J, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Yang W, Ye D, Lu Z, Huang C, Mei J, Zhang HF, Gao P, Jiang P, Su S, Sun B, Zhao SM. Cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment: fostering each other? SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:236-279. [PMID: 34846643 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live. Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cell high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation, and helps tumor cell to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes, in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways. Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation. This cancer metabolic phenotype, described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg, insures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. The conception of metabolite signaling, i.e., metabolites are regulators of cell signaling, provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis, epigenetics, and proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes, such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development. The metabolic, microRNAs, and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome. Among them, cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells. Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wang Pu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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16
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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17
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Khan A, Siddiqui S, Husain SA, Mazurek S, Iqbal MA. Phytocompounds Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: An Assessment of Role, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Therapeutic Relevance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6897-6928. [PMID: 34133161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer is remarkably different from that of normal cells and confers a variety of benefits, including the promotion of other cancer hallmarks. As the rewired metabolism is a near-universal property of cancer cells, efforts are underway to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic benefits. In the continued search for safer and effective ways of cancer treatment, structurally diverse plant-based compounds have gained substantial attention. Here, we present an extensive assessment of the role of phytocompounds in modulating cancer metabolism and attempt to make a case for the use of plant-based compounds in targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer. We discuss the pharmacological interactions of phytocompounds with major metabolic pathways and evaluate the role of phytocompounds in the regulation of growth signaling and transcriptional programs involved in the metabolic transformation of cancer. Lastly, we examine the potential of these compounds in the clinical management of cancer along with limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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18
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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19
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Xu C, Yang H, Xiao Z, Zhang T, Guan Z, Chen J, Lai H, Xu X, Huang Y, Huang Z, Zhao C. Reduction-responsive dehydroepiandrosterone prodrug nanoparticles loaded with camptothecin for cancer therapy by enhancing oxidation therapy and cell replication inhibition. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120671. [PMID: 33961957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role by providing ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) and NADPH for nucleotide synthesis and reduction energy, respectively. Accordingly, blocking the PPP process may be an effective strategy for enhancing oxidation therapy and inhibiting cell replication. Here, we designed a novel reduction-responsive PEGylated prodrug and constructed nanoparticles PsD@CPT to simultaneously deliver a PPP blocker, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and chemotherapeutic camptothecin (CPT) to integrate amplification of oxidation therapy and enhance cell replication inhibition. Following cellular uptake, DHEA and CPT were released from PsD@CPT in the presence of high glutathione (GSH) levels. As expected, DHEA-mediated reduction level decreases and CPT-induced oxidation level increases synergistically, breaking the redox balance to aggravate cancer oxidative stress. In addition, suppressing nucleotide synthesis by DHEA through the reduction of Ru5P and blocking DNA replication by CPT further motivates a synergistic inhibition effect on tumor cell proliferation. The results showed that PsD@CPT featuring multimodal treatment has satisfactory antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a new tumor treatment strategy, which combines the amplification of oxidative stress and enhancement of inhibition of cell proliferation based on inhibition of the PPP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanghong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqian Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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20
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The CD44high Subpopulation of Multifraction Irradiation-Surviving NSCLC Cells Exhibits Partial EMT-Program Activation and DNA Damage Response Depending on Their p53 Status. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052369. [PMID: 33673439 PMCID: PMC7956695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used for patients diagnosed with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, radiotherapy remains largely palliative due to the survival of specific cell subpopulations. In the present study, the sublines of NSCLC cells, A549IR (p53wt) and H1299IR (p53null) survived multifraction X-ray radiation exposure (MFR) at a total dose of 60 Gy were investigated three weeks after the MFR course. We compared radiosensitivity (colony formation), expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, migration activity, autophagy, and HR-dependent DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in the bulk and entire CD44high/CD166high CSC-like populations of both parental and MFR survived NSCLC cells. We demonstrated that the p53 status affected: the pattern of expression of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, witnessing the appearance of EMT-like phenotype of MFR-surviving sublines; 1D confined migratory behavior (wound healing); the capability of an irradiated cell to continue to divide and form a colony of NSCLC cells before and after MFR; influencing the CD44/CD166 expression level in MFR-surviving NSCLC cells after additional single irradiation. Our data further emphasize the impact of p53 status on the decay of γH2AX foci and the associated efficacy of the DSB repair in NSCLC cells survived after MFR. We revealed that Rad51 protein might play a principal role in MFR-surviving of p53 null NSCLC cells promoting DNA DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR) pathway. The proportion of Rad51 + cells elevated in CD44high/CD166high population in MFR-surviving p53wt and p53null sublines and their parental cells. The p53wt ensures DNA-PK-mediated DSB repair for both parental and MFR-surviving cells irrespectively of a subsequent additional single irradiation. Whereas in the absence of p53, a dose-dependent increase of DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) occurred as an early post-irradiation response is more intensive in the CSC-like population MFR-surviving H1299IR, compared to their parental H1299 cells. Our study strictly observed a significantly higher content of LC3 + cells in the CD44high/CD166high populations of p53wt MFR-surviving cells, which enriched the CSC-like cells in contrast to their p53null counterparts. The additional 2 Gy and 5 Gy X-ray exposure leads to the dose-dependent increase in the proportion of LC3 + cells in CD44high/CD166high population of both parental p53wt and p53null, but not MFR-surviving NSCLC sublines. Our data indicated that autophagy is not necessarily associated with CSC-like cells’ radiosensitivity, emphasizing that careful assessment of other milestone processes (such as senescence and autophagy-p53-Zeb1 axis) of primary radiation responses may provide new potential targets modulated for therapeutic benefit through radiosensitizing cancer cells while rescuing normal tissue. Our findings also shed light on the intricate crosstalk between autophagy and the p53-related EMT, by which MFR-surviving cells might obtain an invasive phenotype and metastatic potential.
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21
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Lu W, Ghergurovich JM, Guo L, Blair IA, Rabinowitz JD, Yang X. Upregulation of Antioxidant Capacity and Nucleotide Precursor Availability Suffices for Oncogenic Transformation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:94-109.e8. [PMID: 33159852 PMCID: PMC7846267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of cancer from diverse normal tissues has long been rationalized to represent a common set of fundamental processes. However, these processes are not fully defined. Here, we show that forced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) affords immortalized mouse and human cells anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in animals. Mechanistically, G6PD augments the NADPH pool by stimulating NAD+ kinase-mediated NADP+ biosynthesis in addition to converting NADP+ to NADPH, bolstering antioxidant defense. G6PD also increases nucleotide precursor levels through the production of ribose and NADPH, promoting cell proliferation. Supplementation of antioxidants or nucleosides suffices to convert immortalized mouse and human cells into a tumorigenic state, and supplementation of both is required when their overlapping metabolic consequences are minimized. These results suggest that normal cells have a limited capacity for redox balance and nucleotide synthesis, and overcoming this limit might represent a key aspect of oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ghergurovich
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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The Janus-like role of proline metabolism in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:104. [PMID: 33083024 PMCID: PMC7560826 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the non-essential amino acid L-proline is emerging as a key pathway in the metabolic rewiring that sustains cancer cells proliferation, survival and metastatic spread. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) enzymes, which catalyze the last step in proline biosynthesis and the first step of its catabolism, respectively, have been extensively associated with the progression of several malignancies, and have been exposed as potential targets for anticancer drug development. As investigations into the links between proline metabolism and cancer accumulate, the complexity, and sometimes contradictory nature of this interaction emerge. It is clear that the role of proline metabolism enzymes in cancer depends on tumor type, with different cancers and cancer-related phenotypes displaying different dependencies on these enzymes. Unexpectedly, the outcome of rewiring proline metabolism also differs between conditions of nutrient and oxygen limitation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of proline metabolism in cancer; we collate the experimental evidence that links proline metabolism with the different aspects of cancer progression and critically discuss the potential mechanisms involved.
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23
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NADPH homeostasis in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:231. [PMID: 33028807 PMCID: PMC7542157 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an essential electron donor in all organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH homeostasis is regulated by varied signaling pathways and several metabolic enzymes that undergo adaptive alteration in cancer cells. The metabolic reprogramming of NADPH renders cancer cells both highly dependent on this metabolic network for antioxidant capacity and more susceptible to oxidative stress. Modulating the unique NADPH homeostasis of cancer cells might be an effective strategy to eliminate these cells. In this review, we summarize the current existing literatures on NADPH homeostasis, including its biological functions, regulatory mechanisms and the corresponding therapeutic interventions in human cancers, providing insights into therapeutic implications of targeting NADPH metabolism and the associated mechanism for cancer therapy.
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24
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Aldolase B suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis by inhibiting G6PD and pentose phosphate pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:735-747. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Kushwaha PP, Gupta S, Singh AK, Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kumar S. MicroRNA Targeting Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:267-284. [PMID: 31656079 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs primarily in the mitochondria as a by-product of cellular metabolism. ROS are also produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in response to growth factors and cytokines by normal physiological signaling pathways. NADPH oxidase, a member of NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, utilizes molecular oxygen (O2) to generate ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Imbalance between ROS production and its elimination is known to be the major cause of various human diseases. NOX family proteins are exclusively involved in ROS production, which makes them attractive target(s) for the treatment of ROS-mediated diseases including cancer. Recent Advances: Molecules such as Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, nuclear factor-kappaB, KRAS, kallistatin, gene associated with retinoic-interferon-induced mortality-19, and deregulated metabolic pathways are involved in ROS production in association with NADPH oxidase. Critical Issues: Therapeutic strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in ROS-driven cancers are not very effective due to its complex regulatory circuit. Tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) viz. miR-34a, miR-137, miR-99a, and miR-21a-3p targeting NADPH oxidases are predominantly downregulated in ROS-driven cancers. miRNAs also regulate other cellular machineries such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and NMDA receptors involved in ROS production and consequently drug resistance. Here, we discuss the structure, function, and metabolic role of NADPH oxidase, NOX family protein-protein interaction, their association with other pathways, and NADPH oxidase alteration by miRNAs. Moreover, we also discuss and summarize studies on NADPH oxidase associated with various malignancies and their therapeutic implications. Future Directions: Targeting NADPH oxidases through miRNAs appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of ROS-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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26
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Ge T, Yang J, Zhou S, Wang Y, Li Y, Tong X. The Role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Diabetes and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32582032 PMCID: PMC7296058 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), produces NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), and shunts carbons back to the glycolytic or gluconeogenic pathway. The PPP has been demonstrated to be a major regulator for cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis and biosynthesis. Enzymes in the PPP are reported to play important roles in many human diseases. In this review, we will discuss the role of the PPP in type 2 diabetes and cancer.
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27
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Cai BH, Chao CF, Huang HC, Lee HY, Kannagi R, Chen JY. Roles of p53 Family Structure and Function in Non-Canonical Response Element Binding and Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153681. [PMID: 31357595 PMCID: PMC6696488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 canonical consensus sequence is a 10-bp repeat of PuPuPuC(A/T)(A/T)GPyPyPy, separated by a spacer with up to 13 bases. C(A/T)(A/T)G is the core sequence and purine (Pu) and pyrimidine (Py) bases comprise the flanking sequence. However, in the p53 noncanonical sequences, there are many variations, such as length of consensus sequence, variance of core sequence or flanking sequence, and variance in number of bases making up the spacer or AT gap composition. In comparison to p53, the p53 family members p63 and p73 have been found to have more tolerance to bind and activate several of these noncanonical sequences. The p53 protein forms monomers, dimers, and tetramers, and its nonspecific binding domain is well-defined; however, those for p63 or p73 are still not fully understood. Study of p63 and p73 structure to determine the monomers, dimers or tetramers to bind and regulate noncanonical sequence is a new challenge which is crucial to obtaining a complete picture of structure and function in order to understand how p63 and p73 regulate genes differently from p53. In this review, we will summarize the rules of p53 family non-canonical sequences, especially focusing on the structure of p53 family members in the regulation of specific target genes. In addition, we will compare different software programs for prediction of p53 family responsive elements containing parameters with canonical or non-canonical sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-He Cai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Faye Chao
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Yi Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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28
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Mele L, la Noce M, Paino F, Regad T, Wagner S, Liccardo D, Papaccio G, Lombardi A, Caraglia M, Tirino V, Desiderio V, Papaccio F. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blockade potentiates tyrosine kinase inhibitor effect on breast cancer cells through autophagy perturbation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:160. [PMID: 30987650 PMCID: PMC6466760 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) correlated to cancer progression and drug resistance. We previously showed that G6PD inhibition leads to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress often associated to autophagy deregulation. The latter can be induced by target-based agents such as Lapatinib, an anti-HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) largely used in breast cancer treatment. Methods Here we investigate whether G6PD inhibition causes autophagy alteration, which can potentiate Lapatinib effect on cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry for LC3B and lysosomes tracker were used to study autophagy in cells treated with lapatinib and/or G6PD inhibitors (polydatin). Immunoblots for LC3B and p62 were performed to confirm autophagy flux analyses together with puncta and colocalization studies. We generated a cell line overexpressing G6PD and performed synergism studies on cell growth inhibition induced by Lapatinib and Polydatin using the median effect by Chou-Talay. Synergism studies were additionally validated with apoptosis analysis by annexin V/PI staining in the presence or absence of autophagy blockers. Results We found that the inhibition of G6PD induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which was responsible for the deregulation of autophagy flux. Indeed, G6PD blockade caused a consistent increase of autophagosomes formation independently from mTOR status. Cells engineered to overexpress G6PD became resilient to autophagy and resistant to lapatinib. On the other hand, G6PD inhibition synergistically increased lapatinib-induced cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, while autophagy blockade abolished this effect. Finally, in silico studies showed a significant correlation between G6PD expression and tumour relapse/resistance in patients. Conclusions These results point out that autophagy and PPP are crucial players in TKI resistance, and highlight a peculiar vulnerability of breast cancer cells, where impairment of metabolic pathways and autophagy could be used to reinforce TKI efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella la Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tarik Regad
- Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.,The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sarah Wagner
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138 Napoli, Naples, Italy
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29
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Yang DM, Palma D, Louie A, Malthaner R, Fortin D, Rodrigues G, Yaremko B, Laba J, Gaede S, Warner A, Inculet R, Lee TY. Assessment of tumour response after stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for lung cancer: A prospective quantitative hybrid 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and CT perfusion study. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 63:94-101. [PMID: 30281918 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a guideline-recommended treatment for inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but imaging assessment of response after SABR is difficult. The goal of this study was to evaluate imaging-based biomarkers of tumour response using dynamic 18 F-FDG-PET and CT perfusion (CTP). METHODS Thirty-one patients with early-stage NSCLC participated in this prospective correlative study. Each underwent dynamic 18 F-FDG-PET/CTP studies on a PET/CT scanner pre- and 8 weeks post-SABR. The dynamic 18 F-FDG-PET measured the tumour SUVmax , SUVmean and the following parameters: K1 , k2 , k3 , k4 and Ki , all using the Johnson-Wilson-Lee kinetic model. CTP quantitatively mapped BF, BV, MTT and PS in tumours and measured largest tumour diameter. Since free-breathing was allowed during CTP scanning, non-rigid image registration of CT images was applied to minimize misregistration before generating the CTP functional maps. Differences between pre- and post-SABR imaging-based parameters were compared. RESULTS Tumour size changed only slightly after SABR (median 26 mm pre-SABR vs. 23 mm post-SABR; P = 0.01). However, dynamic 18 F-FDG-PET and CTP study showed substantial and significant changes in SUVmax , SUVmean , k3 , k4 and Ki . Significant decreases were evident in SUVmax (median 6.1 vs. 2.6; P < 0.001), SUVmean (median 2.5 vs. 1.5; P < 0.001), k3 (relative decrease of 52%; P = 0.002), Ki (relative decrease of 27%; P = 0.03), whereas there was an increase in k4 (+367%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hybrid 18 F-FDG-PET/CTP allowed the response of NSCLC to SABR to be assessed regarding metabolic and functional parameters. Future studies are needed, with correlation with long-term outcomes, to evaluate these findings as potential imaging biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Myoung Yang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Palma
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Louie
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Malthaner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalilah Fortin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Rodrigues
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Yaremko
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Laba
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart Gaede
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Engineering and Physics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Warner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Inculet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Chen X, Xu Z, Zhu Z, Chen A, Fu G, Wang Y, Pan H, Jin B. Modulation of G6PD affects bladder cancer via ROS accumulation and the AKT pathway in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1703-1712. [PMID: 30066842 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. Multiple studies have previously revealed that elevated G6PD levels promote cancer progression in numerous tumor types; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that high G6PD expression is a poor prognostic factor in bladder cancer, and the levels of G6PD expression increase with increasing tumor stage. Patients with bladder cancer with high G6PD expression had worse survival rates compared with those with lower G6PD expression in resected tumors. In vitro experiments revealed that knockdown of G6PD suppressed cell viability and growth in Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and increased apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines compared with normal cells. Further experiments indicated that the weakening of the survival ability in G6PD-knockdown bladder cancer cells may be explained by intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and protein kinase B pathway suppression. Furthermore, it was additionally revealed that 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), a competitive G6PD inhibitor, may be a potential therapy for bladder cancer, particularly in cases with high G6PD expression, and that the combination of cisplatin and 6-AN may optimize the clinical dose or minimize the side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Guanghou Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Baiye Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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31
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Mele L, Paino F, Papaccio F, Regad T, Boocock D, Stiuso P, Lombardi A, Liccardo D, Aquino G, Barbieri A, Arra C, Coveney C, La Noce M, Papaccio G, Caraglia M, Tirino V, Desiderio V. A new inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blocks pentose phosphate pathway and suppresses malignant proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29760380 PMCID: PMC5951921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major glucose metabolism pathway, which has a fundamental role in cancer growth and metastasis. Even though PPP blockade has been pointed out as a very promising strategy against cancer, effective anti-PPP agents are not still available in the clinical setting. Here we demonstrate that the natural molecule polydatin inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of PPP. Polydatin blocks G6PD causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and strong increase of endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects are followed by cell cycle block in S phase, an about 50% of apoptosis, and 60% inhibition of invasion in vitro. Accordingly, in an orthotopic metastatic model of tongue cancer, 100 mg/kg polydatin induced an about 30% tumor size reduction with an about 80% inhibition of lymph node metastases and 50% reduction of lymph node size (p < 0.005). Polydatin is not toxic in animals up to a dose of 200 mg/kg and a phase II clinical trial shows that it is also well tolerated in humans (40 mg twice a day for 90 days). Thus, polydatin may be used as a reliable tool to limit human cancer growth and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Boocock
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Department of Research, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Clare Coveney
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD is the main source of the essential cellular reductant, NADPH. The purpose of this review is to describe the biochemistry of G6PD and NADPH, cellular factors that regulate G6PD, normal physiologic roles of G6PD, and the pathogenic role altered G6PD/NADPH plays in kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS NADPH is required for many essential cellular processes such as the antioxidant system, nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome p450 enzymes, and NADPH oxidase. Decreased G6PD activity and, as a result, decreased NADPH level have been associated with diabetic kidney disease, altered nitric oxide production, aldosterone-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and dialysis-associated anemia. Increased G6PD activity is associated with all cancers including kidney cancer. Inherited G6PD deficiency is the most common mutation in the world that is thought to be a relatively mild disorder primarily associated with anemia. Yet, intriguing studies have shown an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus in G6PD-deficient people. It is not known if G6PD-deficient people are at more risk for other diseases. SUMMARY Much more research needs to be done to determine the role of altered G6PD activity (inherited or acquired) in the pathogenesis of kidney disease.
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33
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Abstract
Glucose is the key source for most organisms to provide energy, as well as the key source for metabolites to generate building blocks in cells. The deregulation of glucose homeostasis occurs in various diseases, including the enhanced aerobic glycolysis that is observed in cancers, and insulin resistance in diabetes. Although p53 is thought to suppress tumorigenesis primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in response to stress, the non-canonical functions of p53 in cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism are also emerging as critical factors for tumor suppression. Increasing evidence suggests that p53 plays a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the p53 family members p63 and p73, as well as gain-of-function p53 mutants, are also involved in glucose metabolism. Indeed, how this protein family regulates cellular energy levels is complicated and difficult to disentangle. This review discusses the roles of the p53 family in multiple metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, aerobic respiration, and autophagy. We also discuss how the dysregulation of the p53 family in these processes leads to diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Elucidating the complexities of the p53 family members in glucose homeostasis will improve our understanding of these diseases.
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34
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Glutamine metabolism, the Achilles heel for medulloblastoma tumor. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:74. [PMID: 29358733 PMCID: PMC5833764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Agostini M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Rufini A. Metabolic pathways regulated by TAp73 in response to oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29881-900. [PMID: 27119504 PMCID: PMC5058650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are involved in both physiological and pathological processes including neurodegeneration and cancer. Therefore, cells have developed scavenging mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis under control. Tumor suppressor genes play a critical role in the regulation of antioxidant genes. Here, we investigated whether the tumor suppressor gene TAp73 is involved in the regulation of metabolic adaptations triggered in response to oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment resulted in numerous biochemical changes in both control and TAp73 knockout (TAp73−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, however the extent of these changes was more pronounced in TAp73−/− cells when compared to control cells. In particular, loss of TAp73 led to alterations in glucose, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. In addition, H2O2 treatment resulted in increased pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity in null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Overall, our results suggest that in the absence of TAp73, H2O2 treatment results in an enhanced oxidative environment, and at the same time in an increased pro-anabolic phenotype. In conclusion, the metabolic profile observed reinforces the role of TAp73 as tumor suppressor and indicates that TAp73 exerts this function, at least partially, by regulation of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Department of Cancer Studies, CRUK Leicester Cancer Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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36
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Niklison-Chirou MV, Erngren I, Engskog M, Haglöf J, Picard D, Remke M, McPolin PHR, Selby M, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Michod D, Hadjiandreou M, Arvidsson T, Pettersson C, Melino G, Marino S. TAp73 is a marker of glutamine addiction in medulloblastoma. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1738-1753. [PMID: 28971956 PMCID: PMC5666673 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302349.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common solid primary brain tumor in children. Remarkable advancements in the understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis of these tumors have informed their recent molecular classification. However, the genotype/phenotype correlation of the subgroups remains largely uncharacterized. In particular, the metabolic phenotype is of great interest because of its druggability, which could lead to the development of novel and more tailored therapies for a subset of medulloblastoma. p73 plays a critical role in a range of cellular metabolic processes. We show overexpression of p73 in a proportion of non-WNT medulloblastoma. In these tumors, p73 sustains cell growth and proliferation via regulation of glutamine metabolism. We validated our results in a xenograft model in which we observed an increase in survival time in mice on a glutamine restriction diet. Notably, glutamine starvation has a synergistic effect with cisplatin, a component of the current medulloblastoma chemotherapy. These findings raise the possibility that glutamine depletion can be used as an adjuvant treatment for p73-expressing medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Erngren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Engskog
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phelim Hugh Redmond McPolin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Selby
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - David Michod
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Hadjiandreou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Product Agency, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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37
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Agostini M, Niklison-Chirou MV, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli MM, Grelli S, Di Daniele N, Pestlikis I, Knight RA, Melino G, Rufini A. p73 Regulates Primary Cortical Neuron Metabolism: a Global Metabolic Profile. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3237-3250. [PMID: 28478509 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor p73 has been demonstrated to play a significant role in survival and differentiation of neuronal stem cells. In this report, by employing comprehensive metabolic profile and mitochondrial bioenergetics analysis, we have explored the metabolic alterations in cortical neurons isolated from p73 N-terminal isoform specific knockout animals. We found that loss of the TAp73 or ΔNp73 triggers selective biochemical changes. In particular, p73 isoforms regulate sphingolipid and phospholipid biochemical pathway signaling. Indeed, sphinganine and sphingosine levels were reduced in p73-depleted cortical neurons, and decreased levels of several membrane phospholipids were also observed. Moreover, in line with the complexity associated with p73 functions, loss of the TAp73 seems to increase glycolysis, whereas on the contrary, loss of ΔNp73 isoform reduces glucose metabolism, indicating an isoform-specific differential effect on glycolysis. These changes in glycolytic flux were not reflected by parallel alterations of mitochondrial respiration, as only a slight increase of mitochondrial maximal respiration was observed in p73-depleted cortical neurons. Overall, our findings reinforce the key role of p73 in regulating cellular metabolism and point out that p73 exerts its functions in neuronal biology at least partially through the regulation of metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.,Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilias Pestlikis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK. .,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
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38
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Poulain L, Sujobert P, Zylbersztejn F, Barreau S, Stuani L, Lambert M, Palama TL, Chesnais V, Birsen R, Vergez F, Farge T, Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Fraisse M, Bouillaud F, Debeissat C, Herault O, Récher C, Lacombe C, Fontenay M, Mayeux P, Maciel TT, Portais JC, Sarry JE, Tamburini J, Bouscary D, Chapuis N. High mTORC1 activity drives glycolysis addiction and sensitivity to G6PD inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 2017; 31:2326-2335. [PMID: 28280275 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic activities are cancer hallmarks that offer a wide range of new therapeutic opportunities. Here we decipher the interplay between mTORC1 activity and glucose metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that mTORC1 signaling that is constantly overactivated in AML cells promotes glycolysis and leads to glucose addiction. The level of mTORC1 activity determines the sensitivity of AML cells to glycolysis inhibition as switch-off mTORC1 activity leads to glucose-independent cell survival that is sustained by an increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic analysis identified the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as an important pro-survival pathway for glucose metabolism in AML cells with high mTORC1 activity and provided a clear rational for targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in AML. Indeed, our analysis of the cancer genome atlas AML database pinpointed G6PD as a new biomarker in AML, as its overexpression correlated with an adverse prognosis in this cohort. Targeting the PPP using the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide induces in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against AML cells and synergistically sensitizes leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Our results demonstrate that high mTORC1 activity creates a specific vulnerability to G6PD inhibition that may work as a new AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poulain
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - P Sujobert
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - F Zylbersztejn
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Haematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - S Barreau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - L Stuani
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - M Lambert
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - T L Palama
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France.,LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - V Chesnais
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - R Birsen
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - F Vergez
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - T Farge
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - C Chenevier-Gobeaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Paris, France
| | - M Fraisse
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - F Bouillaud
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - C Récher
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - C Lacombe
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - M Fontenay
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie biologique, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - P Mayeux
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - T T Maciel
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Haematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - J-C Portais
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France.,LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - J-E Sarry
- INSERM, UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
| | - J Tamburini
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - D Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - N Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75014 Paris, France
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39
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The p53 family orchestrates the regulation of metabolism: physiological regulation and implications for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:149-155. [PMID: 27884017 PMCID: PMC5243983 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of transcription factors is essential to counteract tumour formation and progression. Although previously this was exclusively associated with the ability of the p53 family to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, an increasing number of reports have now indisputably demonstrated that the tumour suppressive functions of the p53 family members also rely on their ability to control and regulate cellular metabolism and maintain cellular oxidative homeostasis. Here, we review how each p53 family member, including p63 and p73, controls metabolic pathways in physiological conditions, and how these mechanisms could be exploited to provide anticancer therapeutic opportunities.
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a myogenic tumor classified as the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma affecting children and adolescents. The histopathological classification includes 5 different histotypes, with 2 most predominant referred as to embryonal and alveolar, the latter being characterized by adverse outcome. The current molecular classification identifies 2 major subsets, those harboring the fused Pax3-Foxo1 transcription factor generating from a recurrent specific translocation (fusion-positive RMS), and those lacking this signature but harboring mutations in the RAS/PI3K/AKT signaling axis (fusion-negative RMS). Since little attention has been devoted to RMS metabolism until now, in this review we summarize the "state of art" of metabolism and discuss how some of the molecular signatures found in this cancer, as observed in other more common tumors, can predict important metabolic challenges underlying continuous cell growth, oxidative stress resistance and metastasis, which could be the subject of future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Monti
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,b Interuniversity Institute of Myology , Rome , Italy
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Transketolase counteracts oxidative stress to drive cancer development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E725-34. [PMID: 26811478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508779113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells experience an increase in oxidative stress. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major biochemical pathway that generates antioxidant NADPH. Here, we show that transketolase (TKT), an enzyme in the PPP, is required for cancer growth because of its ability to affect the production of NAPDH to counteract oxidative stress. We show that TKT expression is tightly regulated by the Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1)/BTB and CNC Homolog 1 (BACH1) oxidative stress sensor pathway in cancers. Disturbing the redox homeostasis of cancer cells by genetic knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of TKT sensitizes cancer cells to existing targeted therapy (Sorafenib). Our study strengthens the notion that antioxidants are beneficial to cancer growth and highlights the therapeutic benefits of targeting pathways that generate antioxidants.
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Monsó E, Montuenga LM, Sánchez de Cos J, Villena C. Biological Marker Analysis as Part of the CIBERES-RTIC Cancer-SEPAR Strategic Project on Lung Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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G6PD downregulation triggered growth inhibition and induced apoptosis by regulating STAT3 signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:781-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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Xiao WJ, Ma T, Ge C, Xia WJ, Mao Y, Sun RB, Yu XY, Aa JY, Wang GJ. Modulation of the pentose phosphate pathway alters phase I metabolism of testosterone and dextromethorphan in HepG2 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:259-67. [PMID: 25619394 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and generation of NADPH, which plays a key role in drug metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modulation of the PPP on drug metabolism capacity in vitro. METHODS A pair of hepatic cell lines, ie, the cancerous HepG2 cells and normal L02 cells, was used. The expression of CYP450 enzymes, p53 and G6PD in the cells were analyzed. The metabolism of testosterone (TEST, 10 μmol/L) and dextromethorphan (DEM, 1 μmol/L), the two typical substrates for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, in the cells was examined in the presence of different agents. RESULTS Both the expression and metabolic activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 were considerably higher in HepG2 cells than in L02 cells. The metabolism of TEST and DEM in HepG2 cells was dose-dependently inhibited by the specific CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole and CYP2D6 inhibitor quinidine. Addition of the p53 inhibitor cyclic PFT-α (5, 25 μmol/L) in HepG2 cells dose-dependently enhanced the metabolism of DEM and TEST, whereas addition of the p53 activator NSC 66811 (3, 10, 25 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the metabolism. Furthermore, addition of the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide (5, 15 μmol/L) in HepG2 cells dose-dependently inhibited the metabolism of DEM and TEST, whereas addition of the PPP activity stimulator menadione (1, 5, 15 μmol/L) dose-dependently enhanced the metabolism. CONCLUSION Modulation of p53 and the PPP alters the metabolism of DEM and TEST, suggesting that the metabolic flux pattern of PPP may be closely involved in drug metabolism and the individual variance.
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Ding Y, Yang M, She S, Min H, Xv X, Ran X, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang L, Yi L, Yang Y, Gao Q. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1748-58. [PMID: 25633909 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer overall and the third among females. To obtain systematic insight into the protein profile that participates in cervical tumor oncogenesis and improve the current target therapies, iTRAQ labeling and NanoLC-MS/MS analysis were utilized to detect differentially expressed proteins in cervical cancer. As a result, 3,647 proteins were identified, among which the expression levels of 294 proteins in cervical cancer samples were distinct from the paired non-tumor samples. Further validation of the differentially expressed proteins, including G6PD, ALDH3A1, STAT1 and HSPB1, was carried out via qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and tissue microarray. Functional analysis of one of the highly expressed proteins, G6PD, was performed using RNA interference. Attenuated G6PD expression reduced the capacity of HeLa cells to migrate and invade in vitro. Our investigation complemented the understanding of cervical cancer progression. Furthermore, the present study supports the notion that suppressing the expression of G6PD may be a promising strategy in developing novel cancer therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ding
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Sha She
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Long Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Hu T, Li YS, Chen B, Chang YF, Liu GC, Hong Y, Chen HL, Xiyang YB. Elevated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in the cervical cancer cases is associated with the cancerigenic event of high-risk human papillomaviruses. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1287-97. [PMID: 25616277 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214565971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important etiologic agent in the pathogenesis of cervical cancers (CCs) is human papillomavirus (HPV), while the mechanisms underlying are still not well known. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is reported to elevate in various tumor cells. However, no available references elucidated the correlation between the levels of G6PD and HPV-infected CC until now. In the present study, we explored the possible role of G6PD in the pathology of CC induced by HPV infection. Totally 48 patients with HPV + CC and another 63 healthy women enrolled in the clinical were employed in the present study. Overall, prevalence of cervical infection with high-risk-HPV (HR-HPV) type examined was HPV-16, followed by HPV-18. The expressions of G6PD in CC samples were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Regression analysis showed elevated G6PD level was positively correlated with the CC development in 30-40 aged patients with HR-HPV-16/18 infection. The HPV16 + Siha, HPV18 + Hela, and HPV-C33A cell lines were employed and transfected with G6PD deficient vectors developed in vitro. MTT and flow cytometry were also employed to determine the survival and apoptosis of CC cells after G6PD expressional inhibition. Our data revealed that G6PD down-regulation induced poor proliferation and more apoptosis of HPV18 + Hela cells, when compared with that of HPV16 + Siha and HPV-C33A cells. These findings suggest that G6PD expressions in the HR-HPV + human CC tissues and cell lines play an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Shan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye-Fei Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang-Cai Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Lan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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Kang SW, Lee S, Lee EK. ROS and energy metabolism in cancer cells: alliance for fast growth. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:338-45. [PMID: 25599615 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In normal cells, the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is proportional to the activity of mitochondrial electron transport and tightly controlled by endogenous antioxidant system. However, energy metabolism and ROS homeostasis in cancer cells are much different from those in normal cells. For example, a majority of cellular glucose is metabolized through aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and the pentose phosphate pathway. Cancer cells harbor functional mitochondria, but many mutations in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial genome result in the mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. The other characteristic of cancer cells is to maintain much higher ROS level than normal cells. Ironically, cancer cells overexpress the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase and the ROS-eliminating antioxidant enzymes, both of which enzyme systems share NADPH as a reducing power source. In this article, we review the complex connection between ROS and energy metabolisms in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea,
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Monsó E, Montuenga LM, Sánchez de Cos J, Villena C. Biological Marker Analysis as Part of the CIBERES-RTIC Cancer-SEPAR Strategic Project on Lung Cancer. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:462-7. [PMID: 25614375 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the Clinical and Molecular Staging of Stage I-IIp Lung Cancer Project is to identify molecular variables that improve the prognostic and predictive accuracy of TMN classification in stage I/IIp non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical data and lung tissue, tumor and blood samples will be collected from 3 patient cohorts created for this purpose. The prognostic protein signature will be validated from these samples, and micro-RNA, ALK, Ros1, Pdl-1, and TKT, TKTL1 y G6PD expression will be analyzed. Tissue inflammatory markers and stromal cell markers will also be analyzed. Methylation of p16, DAPK, RASSF1a, APC and CDH13 genes in the tissue samples will be determined, and inflammatory markers in peripheral blood will also be analyzed. Variables that improve the prognostic and predictive accuracy of TNM in NSCLC by molecular staging may be identified from this extensive analytical panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Monsó
- Servicio de Neumología Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Programa de Patogénesis de Tumores Sólidos, Laboratorio de Biomarcadores, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Grupo RTICC RD12/0036/0040, Pamplona, España; Departamentos de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultades de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Julio Sánchez de Cos
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
| | - Cristina Villena
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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Agostini M, Niklison-Chirou MV, Catani MV, Knight RA, Melino G, Rufini A. TAp73 promotes anti-senescence-anabolism not proliferation. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:921-30. [PMID: 25554796 PMCID: PMC4276786 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
TAp73, a member of the p53 family, has been traditionally considered a tumor suppressor gene, but a recent report has claimed that it can promote cellular proliferation. This assumption is based on biochemical evidence of activation of anabolic metabolism, with enhanced pentose phosphate shunt (PPP) and nucleotide biosynthesis. Here, while we confirm that TAp73 expression enhances anabolism, we also substantiate its role in inhibiting proliferation and promoting cell death. Hence, we would like to propose an alternative interpretation of the accumulating data linking p73 to cellular metabolism: we suggest that TAp73 promotes anabolism to counteract cellular senescence rather than to support proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK; current address
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester UK
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