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Parekh K, Marlatt VL. Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole ( Parophrys vetulus) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents. TOXICS 2023; 11:657. [PMID: 37624162 PMCID: PMC10459354 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study has investigated the effects of Metro Vancouver's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on English sole (Parophrys vetulus) hepatic gene expression using novel targeted gene expression assays to complement the 2017 Burrard Inlet Ambient Monitoring Program conducted by Metro Vancouver. Seven locations of varying distance to the WWTPs were included. Twelve genes involved in xenobiotic defense (CYP1A, HSP70), thyroid function (DIO1), lipid and glucose metabolism (FABP1, FASN, GLUT2, PPARδ, PPARγ), protein synthesis (18S rRNA, RPS4X), and reproduction (ERα, VTG) revealed several differences between these impacted sites. A key finding of the present study was that males exhibited VTG transcript levels either equivalent or exceeding female levels of this gene at all sites investigated, indicating widespread exposure of estrogenic contaminants throughout Burrard Inlet. Furthermore, the induction of hepatic CYP1A was observed due to possible downstream sites being subjected to a larger influx of certain planar halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons from multiple industrial contributors. This study also revealed significant differences between the sites examined and in genes involved in transcriptional regulation and synthesis of proteins, lipids and glucose metabolism, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of molecular biomarkers of urban contaminant exposure in wild caught English sole for use in diagnosing a broader range of adverse health effects when combined with conventional whole organism health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicki L. Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
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2
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Dias M, Paula JR, Pousão-Ferreira P, Casal S, Cruz R, Cunha SC, Rosa R, Marques A, Anacleto P, Maulvault AL. Combined effects of climate change and BDE-209 dietary exposure on the behavioural response of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163400. [PMID: 37054799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl-ether (BDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant ubiquitously found in marine environments worldwide. Even though this emerging chemical contaminant is described as highly toxic, bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable, limited studies have addressed the ecotoxicological implications associated with its exposure in non-target marine organisms, particularly from a behavioural standpoint. Alongside, seawater acidification and warming have been intensifying their impacts on marine ecosystems over the years, compromising species welfare and survival. BDE-209 exposure as well as seawater acidification and warming are known to affect fish behaviour, but information regarding their interactive effects is not available. In this study, long-term effects of BDE-209 contamination, seawater acidification and warming were studied on different behavioural traits of Diplodus sargus juveniles. Our results showed that D. sargus exhibited a marked sensitivity in all the behaviour responses after dietary exposure to BDE-209. Fish exposed to BDE-209 alone revealed lower awareness of a risky situation, increased activity, less time spent within the shoal, and reversed lateralization when compared to fish from the Control treatment. However, when acidification and/or warming were added to the equation, behavioural patterns were overall altered. Fish exposed to acidification alone exhibited increased anxiety, being less active, spending more time within the shoal, while presenting a reversed lateralization. Finally, fish exposed to warming alone were more anxious and spent more time within the shoal compared to those of the Control treatment. These novel findings not only confirm the neurotoxicological attributes of brominated flame retardants (like BDE-209), but also highlight the relevance of accounting for the effects of abiotic variables (e.g. pH and seawater temperature) when investigating the impacts of environmental contaminants on marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dias
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José Ricardo Paula
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Anacleto
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chen Y, Yang J, Yao B, Zhi D, Luo L, Zhou Y. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment: Environmental sources, biological effects, remediation techniques, and perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119918. [PMID: 35952990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been identified as emerging contaminants, which poses a great threat to human health and ecosystem. Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, brominated flame retardants, steroid hormones and alkylphenols are representative of this type of contaminant, which are closely related to daily life. Unfortunately, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not treat EDCs as targets in the normal treatment process, resulting in EDCs entering the environment. Few studies have systematically reviewed the related content of EDCs in terms of occurrence, harm and remediation. For this reason, in this article, the sources and exposure routes of common EDCs are systematically described. The existence of EDCs in the environment is mainly related to human activities (Wastewater discharges and industrial activities). The common hazards of these EDCs are clarified based on available toxicological data. At the same time, the mechanism and effect of some mainstream EDCs remediation technologies (such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, membrane bioreactor, constructed wetland, etc.) are separately mentioned. Moreover, our perspectives are provided for further research of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dan Zhi
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Wei S, Chen F, Xu T, Cao M, Yang X, Zhang B, Guo X, Yin D. BDE-99 Disrupts the Photoreceptor Patterning of Zebrafish Larvae via Transcription Factor six7. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5673-5683. [PMID: 35413178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper visual function is essential for collecting environmental information and supporting the decision-making in the central nervous system and is therefore tightly associated with wildlife survival and human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were reported to impair zebrafish vision development, and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling was suspected as the main contributor. In this study, a pentabrominated PBDE, BDE-99, was chosen to further explore the action mechanism of PBDEs on the disruption of zebrafish color vision. The results showed that BDE-99 could impair multiple photoreceptors in the retina and disturb the behavior guided by the color vision of zebrafish larvae at 120 h post-fertilization. Although the resulting alteration in photoreceptor patterning highly resembled the effects of 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyroine, introducing the antagonist for TH receptors was unable to fully recover the alteration, which suggested the involvement of other potential regulatory factors. By modulating the expression of six7, a key inducer of middle-wavelength opsins, we demonstrated that six7, not THs, dominated the photoreceptor patterning in the disruption of BDE-99. Our work promoted the understanding of the regulatory role of six7 in the process of photoreceptor patterning and proposed a novel mechanism for the visual toxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Hsu WH, Zheng Y, Savadatti SS, Liu M, Lewis-Michl EL, Aldous KM, Parsons PJ, Kannan K, Rej R, Wang W, Palmer CD, Wattigney WA, Irvin-Barnwell E, Hwang SA. Biomonitoring of exposure to Great Lakes contaminants among licensed anglers and Burmese refugees in Western New York: Toxic metals and persistent organic pollutants, 2010-2015. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113918. [PMID: 35016143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Between 2010 and 2015, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) conducted a biomonitoring program to gather exposure data on Great Lakes contaminants among licensed anglers and Burmese refugees living in western New York who ate locally caught fish. Four hundred and nine adult licensed anglers and 206 adult Burmese refugees participated in this program. Participants provided blood and urine samples and completed a detailed questionnaire. Herein, we present blood metal levels (cadmium, lead, and total mercury) and serum persistent organic pollutant concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and trans-nonachlor]. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations between analyte concentrations and indicators of fish consumption (locally caught fish meals, store-bought fish meals, and consuming fish/shellfish in the past week). Licensed anglers consumed a median of 16 locally caught fish meals and 22 store-bought fish meals while Burmese refugees consumed a median of 106 locally caught fish meals and 104 store-bought fish/shellfish meals in the past year. Compared to the general U.S. adult population, licensed anglers had higher blood lead and mercury levels; and Burmese refuges had higher blood cadmium, lead, and mercury, and higher serum DDE levels. Eating more locally caught fish was associated with higher blood lead, blood mercury, and serum ∑PCBs concentrations among licensed anglers. Licensed anglers and Burmese refugees who reported fish/shellfish consumption in the past week had elevated blood mercury levels compared with those who reported no consumption. Among licensed anglers, eating more store-bought fish meals was also associated with higher blood mercury levels. As part of the program, NYSDOH staff provided fish advisory outreach and education to all participants on ways to reduce their exposures, make healthier choices of fish to eat, and waters to fish from. Overall, our findings on exposure levels and fish consumption provide information to support the development and implementation of exposure reduction public health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsiang Hsu
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Sanghamitra S Savadatti
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lewis-Michl
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Kenneth M Aldous
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Robert Rej
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Wendy A Wattigney
- Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell
- Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Syni-An Hwang
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
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Banda JA, Gefell D, An V, Bellamy A, Biesinger Z, Boase J, Chiotti J, Gorsky D, Robinson T, Schlueter S, Withers J, Hummel SL. Characterization of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in lake sturgeon serum and gametes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115051. [PMID: 32640408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are widespread and environmentally relevant concentrations can impact fishes. However, little is known about impacts of CECs to long-lived or rare species. The objective of this study was to characterize CEC concentrations in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) serum and gametes. Blood serum was collected non-lethally from lake sturgeon at four lower Great Lakes basin sites: Detroit, upper Niagara, lower Niagara, and St. Lawrence rivers; additionally, gametes were collected from lake sturgeon in the St. Lawrence River. Samples were analyzed for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Overall, 44 different PPCPs were identified in serum and gamete samples across sites, with 22 PPCPs identified in at least 25% of serum samples and three PPCPs identified in 25% of gamete samples. PPCP concentrations in serum and gametes ranged from 0.00208 to 130 ppb and 0.00538-190 ppb, respectively. NMDS ordination revealed differences in the presence and concentrations of PPCPs in lake sturgeon serum across sites, however, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), hydrocortisone, benztropine, and amitriptyline were detected in at least one serum sample at all sites. Additionally, DEET, 10-hydroxy-amitriptyline, and sertraline were detected in ≥25% of gamete samples collected from the St. Lawrence River. Twenty-six PBDE congeners were identified in 25% of serum samples and 24 were identified in 25% of gamete samples. PBDEs in serum were present across all sites and in gametes of St. Lawrence River lake sturgeon, and total PBDE concentrations in serum and gametes ranged from 0.184 to 12.7 ppb and 0.0826-0.44 ppb, respectively. Managers of lake sturgeon populations may need to consider the impacts of CECs if reproductive, developmental, behavioral, growth effects, or mortality are observed in the Great Lakes basin or other areas that are impacted by increased exposures to PPCPs and PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo A Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4625 Morse Road, Suite 104, Columbus, OH, 43230, USA
| | - Dan Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3817 Luker Road, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Viktoriya An
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3332, USA
| | - Amber Bellamy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990, Bloomington, MN, 55437, USA
| | - Zy Biesinger
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, New York, 14013, USA
| | - James Boase
- Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office-Detroit River Substation, John D Dingell Visitor Center, 5437 West Jefferson Ave., Trenton, MI, 48183, USA
| | - Justin Chiotti
- Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office-Detroit River Substation, John D Dingell Visitor Center, 5437 West Jefferson Ave., Trenton, MI, 48183, USA
| | - Dimitry Gorsky
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, New York, 14013, USA
| | - Timothy Robinson
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3332, USA
| | - Scott Schlueter
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3817 Luker Road, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Jonah Withers
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, P.O. Box 75, Lamar, PA, 16848, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990, Bloomington, MN, 55437, USA.
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Mammana SB, C. Abraham E, Camargo AB, Vázquez Á, Altamirano JC. Enzymatic Digestion Coupled to Surfactant‐Assisted Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction: A Mild Approach for Determining Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Hair Sample. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Emilia C. Abraham
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (CCT- Mendoza) Alte. Brown 500 5505, Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Álvaro Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- Mendoza) Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, P.O. Box 131 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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8
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Cowell WJ, Sjödin A, Jones R, Wang Y, Wang S, Whyatt RM, Factor-Litvak P, Bradwin G, Hassoun A, Oberfield S, Herbstman JB. Pre- and Postnatal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Concentrations in Relation to Thyroid Parameters Measured During Early Childhood. Thyroid 2019; 29:631-641. [PMID: 30907253 PMCID: PMC6533780 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Penta-brominated diphenyl ethers (PentaBDEs) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that structurally resemble thyroid hormones and were widely used as flame retardants in household consumer products from 1975 to 2004. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) cross the placenta, and evidence suggests that for many children, body burdens may peak during the toddler years. This study aimed to understand the impact of exposure timing by examining both pre- and postnatal exposure to BDE-47, the predominant penta-brominated diphenyl ether congener detected in humans, in relation to thyroid hormone parameters measured during early childhood. Methods: The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health Mothers and Newborns Study is a prospective birth cohort of African American and Dominican maternal-child pairs. Pregnant women were recruited from two prenatal clinics in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx between 1998 and 2006. Participants included 158 children with (i) plasma PBDE concentrations measured at birth and in the toddler years (age 2-3 years), and (ii) serum thyroid parameters measured at three and/or five years of age. Outcomes included concentrations of serum thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and total thyroxine. Results: Children with high exposure to BDE-47 during the prenatal period (-17% [confidence interval -29 to -2]) or toddler age (-19% [confidence interval -31 to -5]) had significantly lower geometric mean thyrotropin levels compared to children with low BDE-47 exposure throughout early life. Associations with thyroxine were also inverse; however, they did not reach statistical significance at the p = 0.05 level. Sex-stratified models suggest associations with postnatal exposure may be stronger among boys compared to girls. Conclusions: The thyroid regulatory system may be sensitive to BDE-47 during pre- and postnatal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney J. Cowell
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Robin M. Whyatt
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abeer Hassoun
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sharon Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Address correspondence to: Julie Herbstman, PhD, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, 12th Floor, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
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9
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Arkoosh MR, Van Gaest AL, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Krupkin AB, Hicks MBR, Dietrich JP. Dietary exposure to a binary mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers alters innate immunity and disease susceptibility in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:96-103. [PMID: 30041130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants in consumer products and are now found in the aquatic environment. The presence of PBDEs puts the health and survival of aquatic species at risk due to the various toxic effects associated with exposure to these compounds. The effects of a binary dietary mixture of PBDEs on innate immunity and disease susceptibility of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were examined in the present study. Salmon were fed roughly 1:1 mixtures of two environmentally predominant PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and BDE-99. The six resulting whole body total PBDE concentrations ranged from less than the limit of quantification to 184 ng/g, wet weight (ww). The innate immune system was assessed by using two in vitro macrophage function assays. Specifically, assays that examined the ability of head kidney macrophages to: (1) engulf sheep red blood cells (SRBCs); and (2) produce a respiratory burst, as determined by the production of a reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion. Macrophages from salmon fed the BDE-47/99 mixture diets engulfed more SRBCs and produced greater superoxide anion than salmon fed the control diet. An increase in macrophage function was observed in fish with whole body total PBDE concentrations ranging from 2.81 ng/g, ww to 184 ng/g, ww. The mechanism for this increase in macrophage function due to PBDE exposure is currently unknown, but may be due to the ability of PBDEs to act as an endocrine receptor agonist and/or antagonist. Salmon exposed to the BDE-47/99 mixture diets were also challenged with the pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum to determine disease susceptibility. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of fish exposed to the BDE-47/99 mixture and control diets were significantly different. The Cox proportional hazard risk ratios of disease-induced mortality in juvenile Chinook salmon with whole body concentrations of total PBDEs of 10.9, 36.8, and 184 ng/g, ww were significantly greater than the fish fed the control diet by 1.56, 1.83 and 1.50 times, respectively. Not all concentrations of the binary mixture diets had significant hazard ratios relative to the control diet, due to a non-monotonic concentration response curve. The mixture of PBDE congeners resulted in interactive effects that were generally non-additive and dependent upon the congener concentrations and metric examined. Consequently, predicting the interactive effects in juvenile Chinook salmon exposed to mixtures of PBDE congeners on innate immunity and disease susceptibility cannot be readily determined from the adverse effects of individual PBDE congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental & Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Ahna L Van Gaest
- Frank Orth & Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Stacy A Strickland
- Frank Orth & Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Greg P Hutchinson
- Frank Orth & Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Alex B Krupkin
- Frank Orth & Associates, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Mary Beth Rew Hicks
- Lynker Technologies, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Joseph P Dietrich
- Environmental & Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
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10
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Cheng JO, Ko FC. Occurrence of PBDEs in surface sediments of metropolitan rivers: Sources, distribution pattern, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1578-1585. [PMID: 29801251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sources, concentrations, and ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in surface sediments from 33 stations in Danshui River basin (Taiwan) in 2015. High spatial variation in total PBDEs (Σ19PBDEs) in sediments was found ranging from 2.3 to 10,490 ng g-1 dw. The effects of the physicochemical characteristics, total organic carbons (TOC) and grain size of sediments on the levels and distributions of PBDEs were investigated. Significant linear correlations were observed for PBDE concentrations with TOC (r2 = 0.45, p < 0.01) and fine sediment fraction (grain size <1 mm; r2 = 0.2, p < 0.05). Spatial distributions of Σ19PBDEs showed that sediment samples were likely impacted by point source inputs. BDE209 was the dominant congener, accounting for 77.5%-99.9% of the Σ19PBDEs in sediments suggested that commercial deca-BDE mixtures are the major sources of PBDEs in Danshui River basin. Regarding ecological risk estimation, high molecular PBDEs pose a high risk quotient (RQ > 1) to sediment dwelling organism along the 33 sampling stations, suggesting that penta-BDEs and deca-BDE are the major ecological risk drivers in the Danshui River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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11
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Anacleto P, Figueiredo C, Baptista M, Maulvault AL, Camacho C, Pousão-Ferreira P, Valente LMP, Marques A, Rosa R. Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:186-196. [PMID: 29501006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and chemical contamination are global environmental threats of growing concern for the scientific community and regulatory authorities. Yet, the impacts and interactions of both stressors (particularly ocean warming and emerging chemical contaminants) on physiological responses of marine organisms remain unclear and still require further understanding. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effects of warming (+ 5 °C) and accumulation of a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener (BDE-209, brominated flame retardant) through dietary exposure on energy budget of the juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus). Specifically, growth (G), routine metabolism (R), excretion (faecal, F and nitrogenous losses, U) and food consumption (C) were calculated to obtain the energy budget. The results demonstrated that the energy proportion spent for G dominated the mode of the energy allocation of juvenile white seabream (56.0-67.8%), especially under the combined effect of warming plus BDE-209 exposure. Under all treatments, the energy channelled for R varied around 26% and a much smaller percentage was channelled for excretion (F: 4.3-16.0% and U: 2.3-3.3%). An opposite trend to G was observed to F, where the highest percentage (16.0 ± 0.9%) was found under control temperature and BDE-209 exposure via diet. In general, the parameters were significantly affected by increased temperature and flame retardant exposure, where higher levels occurred for: i) wet weight, relative growth rate, protein and ash contents under warming conditions, ii) only for O:N ratio under BDE-209 exposure via diet, and iii) for feed efficiency, ammonia excretion rate, routine metabolic rate and assimilation efficiency under the combination of both stressors. On the other hand, decreased viscerosomatic index was observed under warming and lower fat content was observed under the combined effect of both stressors. Overall, under future warming and chemical contamination conditions, fish energy budget was greatly affected, which may dictate negative cascading impacts at population and community levels. Further research combining other climate change stressors (e.g. acidification and hypoxia) and emerging chemical contaminants are needed to better understand and forecast such biological effects in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Anacleto
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Miguel Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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12
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Dong H, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J, Yang H, Nkoom M. Bioconcentration and effects of hexabromocyclododecane exposure in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:313-324. [PMID: 29404869 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a cycloaliphatic brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been widely used in building thermal insulation and fireproof materials. However, there is little information on the bioconcentration as well as effects with respect to HBCD exposure in the aquatic environment. To investigate the bioconcentration of HBCD in tissues (muscle and liver) and its biochemical and behavioural effects, juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were exposed to different concentrations of technical HBCD (nominal concentrations, 2, 20, 200 μg/L) for 7 days, using a flow-through exposure system. HBCD was found to concentrate in the liver and muscle with a terminal concentration of 0.60 ± 0.22 μg/g lw (lipid weight) and 0.18 ± 0.02 μg/g lw, respectively, at an environmentally-relevant concentration (2 μg/L). The total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine in the fish plasma were lowered as a result of exposure to the HBCD. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was increased, while swimming activity was inhibited and shoaling inclination was enhanced after exposure to 200 μg/L HBCD. Feeding rate was suppressed in the 20 and 200 μg/L treatment groups. In summary, HBCD concentrations 10-100× higher than the current environmentally-relevant exposures induced adverse effects in the fish species tested in this study. These results suggest that increasing environmental concentrations and/or species with higher sensitivity than carp might be adversely affected by HBCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China.
- Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Linzhi, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
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13
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Morris AD, Muir DCG, Solomon KR, Teixeira CF, Duric MD, Wang X. Bioaccumulation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Alternative Halogenated Flame Retardants in a Vegetation-Caribou-Wolf Food Chain of the Canadian Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3136-3145. [PMID: 29320633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The trophodynamics of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative HFRs were investigated in the terrestrial, vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the Bathurst Region of northern Canada. The greatest concentrations in vegetation (geometric mean of lichens, moss, grasses, willow, and mushrooms) were of the order 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (TBP-AE) (10 ng g-1 lw) > BDE47 (5.5 ng g-1 lw) > BDE99 (3.9 ng g-1 lw) > BDE100 (0.82 ng g-1 lw) > 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromobenzene (PBBz) (0.72 ng g-1 lw). Bioconcentration among types of vegetation was consistent, though it was typically greatest in rootless vegetation (lichens, moss). Biomagnification was limited in mammals; only BDE197, BDE206-208 and ∑PBDE biomagnified to caribou from vegetation [biomagnification factors (BMFs) = 2.0-5.1]. Wolves biomagnified BDE28/33, BDE153, BDE154, BDE206, BDE207, and ∑PBDE significantly from caribou (BMFs = 2.9-17) but neither mammal biomagnified any alternative HFRs. Only concentrations of BDE28/33, BDE198, nonaBDEs, and ∑PBDE increased with trophic level, though the magnitude of biomagnification was low relative to legacy, recalcitrant organochlorine contaminants [trophic magnification factors (TMFs) = 1.3-1.8]. Despite bioaccumulation in vegetation and mammals, the contaminants investigated here exhibited limited biomagnification potential and remained at low parts per billion concentrations in wolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Morris
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , 867 Lakeshore Road , Burlington , Ontario , Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Keith R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Camilla F Teixeira
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , 867 Lakeshore Road , Burlington , Ontario , Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Mark D Duric
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , 867 Lakeshore Road , Burlington , Ontario , Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Xiaowa Wang
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , 867 Lakeshore Road , Burlington , Ontario , Canada L7S 1A1
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14
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Byrne S, Seguinot-Medina S, Miller P, Waghiyi V, von Hippel FA, Buck CL, Carpenter DO. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluoroalkyl substances in a remote population of Alaska Natives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:387-395. [PMID: 28818814 PMCID: PMC6945979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Alaska Native communities rely on a traditional marine diet that contains persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The indoor environment is also a source of POPs. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are present both in the traditional diet and the home indoor environment. OBJECTIVES We assessed exposure to PBDEs and PFASs among residents of two remote Alaska Native villages on St. Lawrence Island. Ninespine stickleback (Pungitious pungitious) and Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) were used to detect accumulation of these compounds in the local environment. METHODS Concentrations of PBDEs and PFASs were measured in dust collected from 49 households on St. Lawrence Island, as well as in blood serum from 85 island residents. Resident ninespine stickleback and Alaska blackfish were used as sentinels to detect accumulation of PBDEs and PFASs in the food web. RESULTS Serum concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were elevated, despite low concentrations of PFASs in dust samples. Concentrations of PBDEs in dust and serum were similar to those from the contiguous United States. Statistical associations between dust and serum concentrations are apparent for a small number of PBDEs, suggesting a possible route of exposure. Predominant compounds were similar between human sera and stickleback; however, blackfish accumulated PFASs not found in either stickleback or human sera. CONCLUSION Household dust contributes to PBDE exposure, but not PFAS exposure. Elevated concentrations of long chain PFASs in serum are likely due to exposure from traditional foods. The presence of both PFASs and PBDEs in sentinel fish species suggests atmospheric deposition and bioaccumulation, as well as local environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Byrne
- Department of Environmental Studies, 104 Memorial Hall, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
| | | | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA
| | - Vi Waghiyi
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12144, USA
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15
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Reinling J, Houde M, Verreault J. Environmental exposure to a major urban wastewater effluent: Effects on the energy metabolism of northern pike. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:131-140. [PMID: 28837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs) consist of dynamic and complex mixtures of chemical and biological compounds that can alter the health of exposed aquatic organisms. Disturbance of energy metabolism has been reported in fish exposed to MWWEs. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the physiological events leading to perturbation of energy balance and thyroid regulation, and associated lipid metabolism. The objective of the present study was to use a set of biomarkers, from gene transcription to body condition, to investigate the effects of a chronic environmental exposure to a major primary MWWE on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in northern pike (Esox lucius) collected from the St. Lawrence River near Montreal (QC, Canada). The exposure of pike to MWWE was examined through determination of a suite of persistent and bioaccumulative halogenated flame retardants in liver as this effluent is a known regional source for these chemicals. Greater hepatic concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, range: 29.6-465ng/g w.w. and 88.8-823ng/g w.w. in females and males, respectively) and other halogenated flame retardants (e.g., dechlorane-related compounds) were determined in fish collected downstream of the MWWE's point of discharge relative to the upstream site. This exposure in male pike was associated with decreased acyl-coA oxidase (acox1) and fatty acid synthase (fasn) mRNA levels as well as a decreased acyl-coA oxidase (ACOX) activity in liver. In female pike, MWWE exposure was associated with lower circulating free and total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and a tendency for greater total lipid percentages in liver. Present findings provide evidence that chronic exposure of a top predator fish to MWWE can be related to gender-specific effects on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone homeostasis, and highlight the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Reinling
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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16
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Arkoosh MR, Van Gaest AL, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Krupkin AB, Dietrich JP. Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:1-8. [PMID: 28006665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame-retardants in consumer products and are currently detected in salmon globally. The two most predominant PBDE congeners found in salmon are BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether). In the present study, groups of juvenile Pacific Chinook salmon were fed five environmentally relevant concentrations of either BDE-47 (0.3-552 ng total PBDEs/g food), BDE-99 (0.3-580 ng total PBDEs/g food), or nearly equal mixtures of both congeners (0.7-690 ng total PBDEs/g food) for 39-40 days. The concentrations of circulating total thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), were measured using a hormone-specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to determine if PBDE exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. The concentrations of both circulating T4 and T3 were altered in juvenile salmon by dietary uptake of BDE-99. Exposure to BDE-47 did not alter either T3 or T4 circulating hormone concentrations. However, exposure to a mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 reduced T3 in fish with lower concentrations of total whole body PBDEs than with either congener alone at equivalent PBDE whole body concentrations. Accordingly, the disruption of PBDEs on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations has the potential to impact a number of critical functions in juvenile salmon including growth, parr-smolt transformation, and immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Ahna L Van Gaest
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Stacy A Strickland
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Greg P Hutchinson
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Alex B Krupkin
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Joseph P Dietrich
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
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17
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Macaulay LJ, Chernick M, Chen A, Hinton DE, Bailey JM, Kullman SW, Levin ED, Stapleton HM. Exposure to a PBDE/OH-BDE mixture alters juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:36-48. [PMID: 27329031 PMCID: PMC5535307 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (e.g., hydroxylated BDEs [OH-BDEs]) are contaminants frequently detected together in human tissues and are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones partially mediate metamorphic transitions between life stages in zebrafish, making this a critical developmental window that may be vulnerable to chemicals disrupting thyroid signaling. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 6-OH-BDE-47 (30 nM; 15 μg/L) alone, or to a low-dose (30 μg/L) or high-dose (600 μg/L) mixture of PentaBDEs, 6-OH-BDE-47 (0.5-6 μg/L), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (5-100 μg/L) during juvenile development (9-23 d postfertilization) and evaluated for developmental endpoints mediated by thyroid hormone signaling. Fish were sampled at 3 time points and examined for developmental and skeletal morphology, apical thyroid and skeletal gene markers, and modifications in swimming behavior (as adults). Exposure to the high-dose mixture resulted in >85% mortality within 1 wk of exposure, despite being below reported acute toxicity thresholds for individual congeners. The low-dose mixture and 6-OH-BDE-47 groups exhibited reductions in body length and delayed maturation, specifically relating to swim bladder, fin, and pigmentation development. Reduced skeletal ossification was also observed in 6-OH-BDE-47-treated fish. Assessment of thyroid and osteochondral gene regulatory networks demonstrated significantly increased expression of genes that regulate skeletal development and thyroid hormones. Overall, these results indicate that exposures to PBDE/OH-BDE mixtures adversely impact zebrafish maturation during metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:36-48. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Macaulay
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Albert Chen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David E. Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jordan M. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Edward D. Levin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Corresponding author: Heather Stapleton, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328 LSRC A220, Durham, NC 27708, Phone: 919-613-8717, Fax: (919) 684-8741.,
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18
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Noyes PD, Garcia GR, Tanguay RL. ZEBRAFISH AS AN IN VIVO MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE CHEMICAL DESIGN. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:6410-6430. [PMID: 28461781 PMCID: PMC5408959 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc02061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heightened public awareness about the many thousands of chemicals in use and present as persistent contaminants in the environment has increased the demand for safer chemicals and more rigorous toxicity testing. There is a growing recognition that the use of traditional test models and empirical approaches is impractical for screening for toxicity the many thousands of chemicals in the environment and the hundreds of new chemistries introduced each year. These realities coupled with the green chemistry movement have prompted efforts to implement more predictive-based approaches to evaluate chemical toxicity early in product development. While used for many years in environmental toxicology and biomedicine, zebrafish use has accelerated more recently in genetic toxicology, high throughput screening (HTS), and behavioral testing. This review describes major advances in these testing methods that have positioned the zebrafish as a highly applicable model in chemical safety evaluations and sustainable chemistry efforts. Many toxic responses have been shown to be shared among fish and mammals owing to their generally well-conserved development, cellular networks, and organ systems. These shared responses have been observed for chemicals that impair endocrine functioning, development, and reproduction, as well as those that elicit cardiotoxicity and carcinogenicity, among other diseases. HTS technologies with zebrafish enable screening large chemical libraries for bioactivity that provide opportunities for testing early in product development. A compelling attribute of the zebrafish centers on being able to characterize toxicity mechanisms across multiple levels of biological organization from the genome to receptor interactions and cellular processes leading to phenotypic changes such as developmental malformations. Finally, there is a growing recognition of the links between human and wildlife health and the need for approaches that allow for assessment of real world multi-chemical exposures. The zebrafish is poised to be an important model in bridging these two conventionally separate areas of toxicology and characterizing the biological effects of chemical mixtures that could augment its role in sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D. Noyes
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Gloria R. Garcia
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Robert L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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19
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Berton P, Mammana SB, Locatelli DA, Lana NB, Hapon MB, Camargo AB, Altamirano JC. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in milk samples. Development of green extraction coupled techniques for sample preparation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:460-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Locatelli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Nerina B. Lana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - María B. Hapon
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
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20
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Arkoosh MR, Van Gaest AL, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Krupkin AB, Dietrich JP. Dietary Exposure to Individual Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners BDE-47 and BDE-99 Alters Innate Immunity and Disease Susceptibility in Juvenile Chinook Salmon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6974-6981. [PMID: 25938634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as commercial flame-retardants, are bioaccumulating in threatened Pacific salmon. However, little is known of PBDE effects on critical physiological functions required for optimal health and survival. BDE-47 and BDE-99 are the predominant PBDE congeners found in Chinook salmon collected from the Pacific Northwest. In the present study, both innate immunity (phagocytosis and production of superoxide anion) and pathogen challenge were used to evaluate health and survival in groups of juvenile Chinook salmon exposed orally to either BDE-47 or BDE-99 at environmentally relevant concentrations. Head kidney macrophages from Chinook salmon exposed to BDE-99, but not those exposed to BDE-47, were found to have a reduced ability in vitro to engulf foreign particles. However, both congeners increased the in vitro production of superoxide anion in head kidney macrophages. Salmon exposed to either congener had reduced survival during challenge with the pathogenic marine bacteria Listonella anguillarum. The concentration response curves generated for these end points were nonmonotonic and demonstrated a requirement for using multiple environmentally relevant PBDE concentrations for effect studies. Consequently, predicting risk from toxicity reference values traditionally generated with monotonic concentration responses may underestimate PBDE effect on critical physiological functions required for optimal health and survival in salmon.
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21
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Dietrich JP, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Van Gaest AL, Krupkin AB, Ylitalo GM, Arkoosh MR. Assimilation efficiency of PBDE congeners in Chinook salmon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3878-3886. [PMID: 25692390 DOI: 10.1021/es5057038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are environmental contaminants that can accumulate in biota. PBDE accumulation in an organism depends on exposure, assimilation efficiency, and elimination/metabolism. Net assimilation efficiency represents the fraction of the contaminant that is retained in the organism after exposure. In the present study, congener-specific estimates of net PBDE assimilation efficiencies were calculated from dietary exposures of juvenile Chinook salmon. The fish were exposed to one to eight PBDE congeners up to 1500 ng total PBDEs/g food. Mean assimilation efficiencies varied from 0.32 to 0.50 for BDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154. The assimilation efficiency of BDE49 was significantly greater than 100%, suggesting biotransformation from higher brominated congeners. Whole body concentrations of BDE49 significantly increased with both exposure to increasing concentrations of BDE99 and decreasing fish lipid levels, implying lipid-influenced debromination of BDE99 to BDE49. Excluding BDE49, PBDE assimilation efficiency was not significantly related to the numbers of congeners in the diets, or congener hydrophobicity, but was greater in foods with higher lipid levels. Estimates of PBDE assimilation efficiency can be used in bioaccumulation models to assess threats from PBDE exposure to Chinook salmon health and recovery efforts, as well as to their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Dietrich
- †Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 SE OSU Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Gina M Ylitalo
- §Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard, East Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Mary R Arkoosh
- †Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 SE OSU Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
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22
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Noyes PD, Haggard DE, Gonnerman GD, Tanguay RL. Advanced morphological - behavioral test platform reveals neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:177-95. [PMID: 25711236 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of flammable plastics and electronic devices along with stricter fire safety standards has led to the heavy use of flame retardant chemicals in many consumer, commercial, and industrial products. Although flame retardant use has increased, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds their safety with some evidence showing toxicity and risk to human and environmental health. Recent efforts have focused on designing high-throughput biological platforms with nonmammalian models to evaluate and prioritize chemicals with limited hazard information. To complement these efforts, this study used a new morphological and behavioral testing platform with embryonic zebrafish to characterize the developmental toxicity of 44 halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants, including several of their known metabolites. Zebrafish were exposed to flame retardants from 6 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf) across concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (eg, 6.4 nM to 64 µM). Flame retardant effects on survival and development were evaluated at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using 2 photomotor response (PMR) assays. Compared to controls, 93% (41/44) of flame retardants studied elicited adverse effects among one or more of the bioassays and concentrations tested with the aryl phosphate ester (APE)-based mono-isopropylated triaryl phosphate and the brominated-bisphenol-A analog tetrabromobisphenol-A producing the greatest array of malformations. Hierarchical clustering showed that APE flame retardants with isopropyl, butyl, and cresyl substituents on phenyl rings clustered tightly and were particularly potent. Both PMR assays were highly predictive of morphological defects supporting their use as nonlethal means of evaluating teratogenicity that could allow for additional evaluations of long-term or delayed effects in older animals. Taken together, evidence presented here indicates that zebrafish neurodevelopment is highly sensitive to many flame retardants currently in use and can be used to understand potential vulnerabilities to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Noyes
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Derik E Haggard
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Greg D Gonnerman
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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23
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Exposures, mechanisms, and impacts of endocrine-active flame retardants. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:125-33. [PMID: 25306433 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the endocrine and neurodevelopmental effects of two current-use additive flame retardants (FRs), tris (1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and Firemaster(®) 550 (FM 550), and the recently phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), all of which were historically or are currently used in polyurethane foam applications. Use of these chemicals in consumer products has led to widespread exposure in indoor environments. PBDEs and their hydroxylated metabolites appear to primarily target the thyroid system, likely due to their structural similarity to endogenous thyroid hormones. In contrast, much less is known about the toxicity of TDCPP and FM 550. However, recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that both should be considered endocrine disruptors as studies have linked TDCPP exposure with changes in circulating hormone levels, and FM 550 exposure with changes in adipogenic and osteogenic pathways.
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