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Wang T, Chen X, Ju C, Wang C. Calcium signaling in plant mineral nutrition: From uptake to transport. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100678. [PMID: 37635354 PMCID: PMC10721523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess of available mineral elements in plants. Among the essential nutrients, calcium (Ca2+) stands out as a prominent second messenger that plays crucial roles in response to extracellular stimuli in all eukaryotes. Distinct Ca2+ signatures with unique parameters are induced by different stresses and deciphered by various Ca2+ sensors. Recent research on the participation of Ca2+ signaling in regulation of mineral elements has made great progress. In this review, we focus on the impact of Ca2+ signaling on plant mineral uptake and detoxification. Specifically, we emphasize the significance of Ca2+ signaling for regulation of plant mineral nutrition and delve into key points and novel avenues for future investigations, aiming to offer new insights into plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ju
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Hussian J, Tang Y, Liu S, Qi G. Calcium signaling-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during abiotic stress response in plants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:210. [PMID: 37728763 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger in plants growth and development, as well as in stress responses. The transient elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration have been reported to be involved in plants response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In plants, Ca2+-induced transcriptional changes trigger molecular mechanisms by which plants adapt and respond to environment stresses. The mechanism for transcription regulation by Ca2+ could be either rapid in which Ca2+ signals directly cause the related response through the gene transcript and protein activities, or involved amplification of Ca2+ signals by up-regulation the expression of Ca2+ responsive genes, and then increase the transmission of Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ regulates the expression of genes by directly binding to the transcription factors (TFs), or indirectly through its sensors like calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL). In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of Ca2+-mediated transcriptional regulation in different processes in plants. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of Ca2+-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants in response to abiotic stresses including nutrition deficiency, temperature stresses (like heat and cold), dehydration stress, osmotic stress, hypoxic, salt stress, acid rain, and heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jamshaid Hussian
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoning Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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The Genome of the Marine Alga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta) Reveals Protein-Coding Genes with Similarity to Plants and Green Microalgae, but Also to Animal, Bacterial, and Fungal Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137279. [PMID: 35806287 PMCID: PMC9266709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of the marine alga Ulva compressa was assembled using long and short reads. The genome assembly was 80.8 Mb in size and encoded 19,207 protein-coding genes. Several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and a few genes encoding enzymes that synthesize ascorbate and glutathione were identified, showing similarity to plant and bacterial enzymes. Additionally, several genes encoding signal transduction protein kinases, such as MAPKs, CDPKS, CBLPKs, and CaMKs, were also detected, showing similarity to plants, green microalgae, and bacterial proteins. Regulatory transcription factors, such as ethylene- and ABA-responsive factors, MYB, WRKY, and HSTF, were also present and showed similarity to plant and green microalgae transcription factors. Genes encoding enzymes that synthesize ACC and ABA-aldehyde were also identified, but oxidases that synthesize ethylene and ABA, as well as enzymes that synthesize other plant hormones, were absent. Interestingly, genes involved in plant cell wall synthesis and proteins related to animal extracellular matrix were also detected. Genes encoding cyclins and CDKs were also found, and CDKs showed similarity to animal and fungal CDKs. Few genes encoding voltage-dependent calcium channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors were identified as showing similarity to animal channels. Genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels were not identified, even though TRPs have been experimentally detected, indicating that the genome is not yet complete. Thus, protein-coding genes present in the genome of U. compressa showed similarity to plant and green microalgae, but also to animal, bacterial, and fungal genes.
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Moenne A, Gómez M, Laporte D, Espinoza D, Sáez CA, González A. Mechanisms of Copper Tolerance, Accumulation, and Detoxification in the Marine Macroalga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta): 20 Years of Research. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E681. [PMID: 32471287 PMCID: PMC7355463 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper induces an oxidative stress condition in the marine alga Ulva compressa that is due to the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, mainly in organelles. The increase in hydrogen peroxide is accompanied by increases in intracellular calcium and nitric oxide, and there is a crosstalk among these signals. The increase in intracellular calcium activates signaling pathways involving Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases (CaMKs) and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs), leading to activation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. It was recently shown that copper also activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) that participate in the increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The increase in gene expression leads to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and to enhanced levels of ASC and GSH. In addition, copper induces an increase in photosynthesis leading to an increase in the leve of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH). Copper also induces an increase in activities of enzymes involved in C, N, and S assimilation, allowing the replacement of proteins damaged by oxidative stress. The accumulation of copper in acute exposure involved increases in GSH, phytochelatins (PCs), and metallothioneins (MTs) whereas the accumulation of copper in chronic exposure involved only MTs. Acute and chronic copper exposure induced the accumulation of copper-containing particles in chloroplasts. On the other hand, copper is extruded from the alga with an equimolar amount of GSH. Thus, the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes, in ASC, GSH, and NADPH levels, and in C, N, and S assimilation, the accumulation of copper-containing particles in chloroplasts, and the extrusion of copper ions from the alga constitute essential mechanisms that participate in the buffering of copper-induced oxidative stress in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 916000, Chile; (M.G.); (D.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Melissa Gómez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 916000, Chile; (M.G.); (D.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Daniel Laporte
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 916000, Chile; (M.G.); (D.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Daniela Espinoza
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 916000, Chile; (M.G.); (D.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
- Hub Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2390302, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 916000, Chile; (M.G.); (D.L.); (D.E.)
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Lüke JN, Neumaier F, Alpdogan S, Hescheler J, Schneider T, Albanna W, Akhtar-Schäfer I. Submicromolar copper (II) ions stimulate transretinal signaling in the isolated retina from wild type but not from Ca v2.3-deficient mice. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:182. [PMID: 32375703 PMCID: PMC7201970 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, only indirect evidence exists for the pharmacoresistant R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) to be involved in transretinal signaling by triggering GABA-release onto ON-bipolar neurons. This release of inhibitory neurotransmitters was deduced from the sensitivity of the b-wave to stimulation by Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. To further confirm the interpretation of these findings, we compared the effects of Cu2+ application and chelation (using kainic acid, KA) on the neural retina from wildtype and Cav2.3-deficient mice. Furthermore, the immediately effect of KA on the ERG b-wave modulation was assessed. METHODS Transretinal signaling was recorded as an ERG from the superfused murine retina isolated from wildtype and Cav2.3-deficient mice. RESULTS In mice, the stimulating effect of 100 nM CuCl2 is absent in the retinae from Cav2.3-deficient mice, but prominent in Cav2.3-competent mice. Application of up to 3 mM tricine does not affect the murine b-wave in both genotypes, most likely because of chelating amino acids present in the murine nutrient solution. Application of 27 μM KA significantly increased the b-wave amplitude in wild type and Cav2.3 (-|-) mice. This effect can most likely be explained by the stimulation of endogenous KA-receptors described in horizontal, OFF-bipolar, amacrine or ganglion cells, which could not be fully blocked in the present study. CONCLUSION Cu2+-dependent modulation of transretinal signaling only occurs in the murine retina from Cav2.3 competent mice, supporting the ideas derived from previous work in the bovine retina that R-type Ca2+ channels are involved in shaping transretinal responses during light perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Niklas Lüke
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Serdar Alpdogan
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Walid Albanna
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
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Celis-Plá PSM, Rodríguez-Rojas F, Méndez L, Moenne F, Muñoz PT, Lobos MG, Díaz P, Sánchez-Lizaso JL, Brown MT, Moenne A, Sáez CA. MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Influence on Metal Exclusion/Extrusion Mechanisms and Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4547. [PMID: 31540294 PMCID: PMC6769437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently no information regarding the role that whole mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play in counteracting environmental stress in photosynthetic organisms. To address this gap, we exposed Ulva compressa to chronic levels of copper (10 µM) specific inhibitors of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNK), and Cytokinin Specific Binding Protein (p38) MAPKs alone or in combination. Intracellular copper accumulation and photosynthetic activity (in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence) were measured after 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 6 days of exposure. By day 6, when one (except JNK) or more of the MAPK pathways were inhibited under copper stress, there was a decrease in copper accumulation compared with algae exposed to copper alone. When at least two MAPKs were blocked, there was a decrease in photosynthetic activity expressed in lower productivity (ETRmax), efficiency (αETR), and saturation of irradiance (EkETR), accompanied by higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax), compared to both the control and copper-only treatments. In terms of accumulation, once the MAPK pathways were partially or completely blocked under copper, there was crosstalk between these and other signaling mechanisms to enhance metal extrusion/exclusion from cells. Crosstalk occurred among MAPK pathways to maintain photosynthesis homeostasis, demonstrating the importance of the signaling pathways for physiological performance. This study is complemented by a parallel/complementary article Rodríguez-Rojas et al. on the role of MAPKs in copper-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Rojas
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Lorena Méndez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Fabiola Moenne
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Pamela T Muñoz
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
- Doctorado Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
- Doctorado en Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - M Gabriela Lobos
- Laboratory of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 234000, Chile.
| | - Patricia Díaz
- Laboratory of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 234000, Chile.
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Murray T Brown
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile.
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
- HUB-AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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Rodríguez FE, Laporte D, González A, Mendez KN, Castro-Nallar E, Meneses C, Huidobro-Toro JP, Moenne A. Copper-induced increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis and C assimilation in the marine alga Ulva compressa. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:829. [PMID: 30458726 PMCID: PMC6245705 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The marine alga Ulva compressa is the dominant species in coastal areas receiving effluents from copper mines. The alga can accumulate high amounts of copper and possesses a strong antioxidant system. Here, we performed short-term transcriptomic analyses using total RNA of the alga cultivated with 10 μM of copper for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h by RNA-seq. Results De novo transcriptomes were assembled using the Trinity software, putative proteins were annotated and classified using Blast2GO. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified using edgeR. Transcript levels were compared by paired times 0 vs 3, 0 vs 6, 0 vs 12 and 0 vs 24 h at an FDR < 0.01 and Log2 Fold Change > 2. Up-regulated transcripts encode proteins belonging to photosystem II (PSII), Light Harvesting II Complex (LHCII), PSI and LHCI, proteins involved in assembly and repair of PSII, and assembly and protection of PSI. In addition, transcripts encoding enzymes leading to β-carotene synthesis and enzymes belonging to the Calvin-Benson cycle were also increased. We further analyzed photosynthesis and carotenoid levels in the alga cultivated with 10 μM of copper for 0 to 24 h. Photosynthesis was increased from 3 to 24 h as well as the level of total carotenoids. The increase in transcripts encoding enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle suggests that C assimilation may also be increased. Conclusions Thus, U. compressa displays a short-term response to copper stress enhancing the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, enzymes involved carotenoids synthesis, as well as those belonging to the Calvin-Benson cycle, which may result in an increase in C assimilation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5226-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Laporte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto González
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katterinne N Mendez
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Center of Plant Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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Rodríguez FE, Laporte D, González A, Mendez KN, Castro-Nallar E, Meneses C, Huidobro-Toro JP, Moenne A. Copper-induced increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis and C assimilation in the marine alga Ulva compressa. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:829. [PMID: 30458726 DOI: 10.118/2fs12864-018-5226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine alga Ulva compressa is the dominant species in coastal areas receiving effluents from copper mines. The alga can accumulate high amounts of copper and possesses a strong antioxidant system. Here, we performed short-term transcriptomic analyses using total RNA of the alga cultivated with 10 μM of copper for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h by RNA-seq. RESULTS De novo transcriptomes were assembled using the Trinity software, putative proteins were annotated and classified using Blast2GO. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified using edgeR. Transcript levels were compared by paired times 0 vs 3, 0 vs 6, 0 vs 12 and 0 vs 24 h at an FDR < 0.01 and Log2 Fold Change > 2. Up-regulated transcripts encode proteins belonging to photosystem II (PSII), Light Harvesting II Complex (LHCII), PSI and LHCI, proteins involved in assembly and repair of PSII, and assembly and protection of PSI. In addition, transcripts encoding enzymes leading to β-carotene synthesis and enzymes belonging to the Calvin-Benson cycle were also increased. We further analyzed photosynthesis and carotenoid levels in the alga cultivated with 10 μM of copper for 0 to 24 h. Photosynthesis was increased from 3 to 24 h as well as the level of total carotenoids. The increase in transcripts encoding enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle suggests that C assimilation may also be increased. CONCLUSIONS Thus, U. compressa displays a short-term response to copper stress enhancing the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, enzymes involved carotenoids synthesis, as well as those belonging to the Calvin-Benson cycle, which may result in an increase in C assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Laporte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto González
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katterinne N Mendez
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Center of Plant Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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González A, Sáez CA, Morales B, Moenne A. Copper-induced activation of TRP channels promotes extracellular calcium entry and activation of CaMK, PKA, PKC, PKG and CBLPK leading to increased expression of antioxidant enzymes in Ectocarpus siliculosus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 126:106-116. [PMID: 29518656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The existence of functional Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels was analyzed in Ectocarpus siliculosus using agonists of human TRPs and specific antagonists of TRPA1, TRPC5, TRPM8 and TRPV; intracellular calcium was detected for 60 min. Increases in intracellular calcium were observed at 13, 29, 39 and 50-52 min, which appeared to be mediated by the activation of TRPM8/V1 at 13 min, TRPV1 at 29 min, TRPA1/V1 at 39 min and TRPA1/C5 at 50-52 min. In addition, intracellular calcium increases appear to be due to extracellular calcium entry, not requiring protein kinase activation. On the other hand, 2.5 μM copper exposure induced increased intracellular calcium at 13, 29, 39 and 51 min, likely due to the activation of a TRPA1/V1 at 13 min, TRPA1/C5/M8 at 29 min, TRPC5/M8 at 39 min, and a TRPC5/V1 at 51 min. The increases in intracellular calcium induced by copper were due to extracellular calcium entry and required protein kinase activation. Furthermore, from 3 to 24 h, copper exposure induced an increase in the level of transcripts encoding antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and peroxiredoxin. The described upregulation decreased with inhibitors of CaMK, PKA, PKC, PKG and CBLPK, as well as with a mixture of TRP inhibitors. Thus, copper induces the activation of TRP channels allowing extracellular calcium entry as well as the activation of CaMK, PKA, PKC, PKG and CBLPK leading to increased expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in E. siliculosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Viña del mar, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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González A, Sáez CA, Moenne A. Copper-induced activation of TRPs and VDCCs triggers a calcium signature response regulating gene expression in Ectocarpus siliculosus. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4556. [PMID: 29682409 PMCID: PMC5907779 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In certain multicellular photoautotrophs, such as plants and green macroalgae, it has been demonstrated that calcium signaling importantly mediates tolerance to copper excess. However, there is no information in brown macroalgae, which are phylogenetically distant from green algae and plants. We have previously shown that chronic copper levels (2.5 μM) activate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the model brown macroalga Ectocarpus siliculosus, allowing extracellular calcium entry at 13, 29, 39 and 51 min. Here, we showed that intracellular calcium increases also occurred at 3 and 5 h of exposure; these increases were inhibited by antagonists of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs); a chelating agent of extracellular calcium; an antagonist of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ATPase; and antagonists of cADPR-, NAADP- and IP3-dependent calcium channels. Thus, copper activates VDCCs allowing extracellular calcium entry and intracellular calcium release from the ER via cADPR-, IP3- and NAADP-dependent channels. Furthermore, the level of transcripts encoding a phytochelatin synthase (PS) and a metallothionein (MT) were analyzed in the alga exposed to 2.5 μM copper from 3 to 24 h. The level of ps and mt transcripts increased until 24 h and these increases were inhibited by antagonists of calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). Finally, activation of VDCC was inhibited by a mixture of TRP antagonists and by inhibitors of protein kinases. Thus, copper-mediated activation of TRPs triggers VDCCs via protein kinases, allowing extracellular calcium entry and intracellular calcium release from ER that, in turn, activate CaMs, CBLs and CDPKs increasing expression of PS and MT encoding genes in E. siliculosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Costal Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Laporte D, Valdés N, González A, Sáez CA, Zúñiga A, Navarrete A, Meneses C, Moenne A. Copper-induced overexpression of genes encoding antioxidant system enzymes and metallothioneins involve the activation of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2 in the marine alga Ulva compressa. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:433-40. [PMID: 27395803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses were performed in the green macroalga Ulva compressa cultivated with 10μM copper for 24h. Nucleotide sequences encoding antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (ap), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) and glutathione reductase (gr), enzymes involved in ascorbate (ASC) synthesis l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-gdh) and l-galactono lactone dehydrogenase (l-gldh), in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-gcl) and glutathione synthase (gs), and metal-chelating proteins metallothioneins (mt) were identified. Amino acid sequences encoded by transcripts identified in U. compressa corresponding to antioxidant system enzymes showed homology mainly to plant and green alga enzymes but those corresponding to MTs displayed homology to animal and plant MTs. Level of transcripts encoding the latter proteins were quantified in the alga cultivated with 10μM copper for 0-12 days. Transcripts encoding enzymes of the antioxidant system increased with maximal levels at day 7, 9 or 12, and for MTs at day 3, 7 or 12. In addition, the involvement of calmodulins (CaMs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) in the increase of the level of the latter transcripts was analyzed using inhibitors. Transcript levels decreased with inhibitors of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2. Thus, copper induces overexpression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, enzymes involved in ASC and GSH syntheses and MTs. The increase in transcript levels may involve the activation of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2 in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laporte
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdés
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Toxicology, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña 450, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Antonio Zúñiga
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Axel Navarrete
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile; FONDAP, Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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Moenne A, González A, Sáez CA. Mechanisms of metal tolerance in marine macroalgae, with emphasis on copper tolerance in Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:30-37. [PMID: 27107242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Green and red macroalgae are closely related organisms, and with terrestrial plants, and constitute the base of marine food webs in coastal ecosystems. Green and red seaweeds, as all living organisms, require essential metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, which can act as co-factors for several proteins and enzymes; however, these metals in excess can induce stress and impair cell viability. Most important negative effects of metal excess are related to the induction of an oxidative stress condition, characterized by the over-accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In this respect, copper, abundant in wastewaters disposed to coastal environments from domestic and industrial activities, has been one of the most studied metals. Different investigations have provided evidence that green and red macroalgae display several defenses against copper excess to prevent, or at least reduce, stress and damage, among which are cellular exclusion mechanisms, synthesis of metal-chelating compounds, and the activation of the antioxidant system. Most important defense mechanisms identified in green and red seaweed involve: metal-binding to cell wall and epibionts; syntheses of metallothioneins and phytochelatins that accumulate in the cytoplasm; and the increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and greater production of antioxidant metabolites as glutathione and ascorbate in organelles and the cytoplasm. In this review, we go through historical records, latest advances, and pending tasks aiming to expand our current knowledge on defense mechanisms to copper excess in green and red macroalgae, with emphasis on biochemical and molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Moenne
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto González
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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Gómez M, González A, Sáez CA, Moenne A. Copper-Induced Membrane Depolarizations Involve the Induction of Mosaic TRP Channels, Which Activate VDCC Leading to Calcium Increases in Ulva compressa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:754. [PMID: 27379106 PMCID: PMC4905984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The marine macroalga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyceae) is a cosmopolitan species, tolerant to heavy metals, in particular to copper. U. compressa was cultivated with 10 μM copper for 12 h and membrane depolarization events were detected. First, seven depolarization events occurred at 4, 8, 12-13, 80, and 86 min, and at 5 and 9 h of copper exposure. Second, bathocuproine sulphonate, a specific copper-chelating compound, was added before incorporating copper to the culture medium. Copper-induced depolarizations were inhibited by bathocuproine at 4, 8, 12-13, 80, and 86 min, but not at 5 and 9 h, indicating that initial events are due to copper ions entry. Third, specific inhibitors of human TRPA1, C4, C5, M8, and V1corresponding to HC030031, ML204, SKF96363, M8B, and capsazepin, respectively, were used to analyze whether copper-induced depolarizations were due to activation of transient receptor potentials (TRPs). Inhibitor effects indicate that the seven depolarizations involved the activation of functional mosaic TRPs that displayed properties similar to human TRPA, C, M, and/or V. Finally, inhibition of copper-induced depolarizations using specific TRP inhibitors suppressed calcium increases at 2, 3, and 12 h due to activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). Thus, copper induces seven depolarization events that involve activation of mosaic TRPs which, in turn, activates VDCC leading to calcium increases at 2, 3, and 12 h in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gómez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Toxicology, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of ChileSantiago, Chile
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Cao DJ, Xie PP, Deng JW, Zhang HM, Ma RX, Liu C, Liu RJ, Liang YG, Li H, Shi XD. Effects of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) on growth and physiological characteristics of green algae, Cladophora. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16535-16541. [PMID: 26077320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of various concentrations of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/L) on the growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), the intracellular calcium, and physiological characteristics of green algae, Cladophora, were investigated. Low Zn(2+) concentrations accelerated the growth of Cladophora, whereas Zn(2+) concentration increases to 0.25 mg/L inhibited its growth. Cu(2+) greatly influences Cladophora growth. The photosynthesis of Cladophora decreased under Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) stress. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) treatment affected the content of total soluble sugar in Cladophora and has small increases in its protein content. Zn(2+) induced the intracellular calcium release, and copper induced the intracellular calcium increases in Cladophora. Exposure to Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) induces MDA in Cladophora. The stress concent of Cu(2+) was strictly correlated with the total soluble sugar content, Chla+Chlb, and MDA in Cladophora, and the stress concent of Zn(2+) was strictly correlated with the relative growth rate (RGR) and MDA of Cladophora.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-ju Cao
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pan-pan Xie
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-wei Deng
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-min Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-xiao Ma
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-jing Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-gan Liang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-dong Shi
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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Gómez M, González A, Sáez CA, Morales B, Moenne A. Copper-induced activation of TRP channels promotes extracellular calcium entry, activation of CaMs and CDPKs, copper entry and membrane depolarization in Ulva compressa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:182. [PMID: 25852728 PMCID: PMC4367172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify channels involved in membrane depolarization, Ulva compressa was incubated with agonists of TRP channels C5, A1 and V1, and the level of intracellular calcium was detected. Agonists of TRPC5, A1 and V1 induced increases in intracellular calcium at 4, 9, and 11 min of exposure, respectively, and antagonists of TRPC5, A1, and V1 corresponding to SKF-96365 (SKF), HC-030031 (HC), and capsazepin (CPZ), respectively, inhibited calcium increases indicating that functional TRPs exist in U. compressa. In addition, copper excess induced increases in intracellular calcium at 4, 9, and 12 min which were inhibited by SKF, HC, and CPZ, respectively, indicating that copper activate TRPC5, A1, and V1 channels. Moreover, copper-induced calcium increases were inhibited by EGTA, a non-permeable calcium chelating agent, but not by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium ATPase, indicating that activation of TRPs leads to extracellular calcium entry. Furthermore, copper-induced calcium increases were not inhibited by W-7, an inhibitor of CaMs, and staurosporine, an inhibitor of CDPKs, indicating that extracellular calcium entry did not require activation of CaMs and CDPKs. In addition, copper induced membrane depolarization events at 4, 8, and 11 min and these events were inhibited by SKF, HC, CPZ, and bathocuproine, a specific copper chelating agent, indicating that copper entry through TRP channels leads to membrane depolarization. Moreover, membrane depolarization events were inhibited by W-7 and staurosporine, indicating that activation of CaMs and CDPKs is required to allow copper entry through TRPs. Interestingly, copper-induced calcium increases and depolarization events were light-dependent and were inhibited by DCMU, an inhibitor of photosystem II, and ATP-γ-S, a non-hydrolizable analog of ATP, suggesting that ATP derived from photosynthesis is required to activate TRPs. Thus, light-dependent copper-induced activation TRPC5, A1 and V1 promotes extracellular calcium entry leading to activation of CaMs and CDPKs which, in turn, promotes copper entry through TRP channels and membrane depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gómez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Playa AnchaValparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa AnchaViña del Mar, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
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Sáez CA, Roncarati F, Moenne A, Moody AJ, Brown MT. Copper-induced intra-specific oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in strains of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus with different pollution histories. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:81-9. [PMID: 25521566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inter- and intra-specific variation in metal resistance has been observed in the ecologically and economically important marine brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae), but the mechanisms of cellular tolerance are not well elucidated. To investigate inter-population responses of brown seaweeds to copper (Cu) pollution, the extent of oxidative damage and antioxidant responses were compared in three strains of the filamentous brown seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus, the model organism for the algal class Phaeophyceae that diverged from other major eukaryotic groups over a billion year ago. Strains isolated from locations with different pollution histories (i.e. LIA, from a pristine site in Scotland; REP and Es524 from Cu-contaminated sites in England and Chile, respectively) were exposed to total dissolved Cu concentrations (CuT) of up to 2.4 μM (equivalent to 128 nM Cu(2+)) for 10 d. LIA exhibited oxidative stress, with increases in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS levels), and decreased concentrations of photosynthetic pigments. Es524 presented no apparent oxidative damage whereas in REP, TBARS increased, revealing some level of oxidative damage. Adjustments to activities of enzymes and antioxidant compounds concentrations in Es524 and REP were strain and treatment dependent. Mitigation of oxidative stress in Es524 was by increased activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD) at low CuT, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) at all CuT, accompanied by higher levels of antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, phenolics) at higher CuT. In REP, only APX activity increased, as did the antioxidants. For the first time evidence is presented for distinctive oxidative stress defences under excess Cu in two populations of a species of brown seaweed from environments contaminated by Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Sáez
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, United Kingdom; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40 Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francesca Roncarati
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40 Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - A John Moody
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Murray T Brown
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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Pokotylo I, Kolesnikov Y, Kravets V, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Plant phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C: variations around a canonical theme. Biochimie 2013; 96:144-57. [PMID: 23856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleaves, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). PI-PLCs are multidomain proteins that are structurally related to the PI-PLCζs, the simplest animal PI-PLCs. Like these animal counterparts, they are only composed of EF-hand, X/Y and C2 domains. However, plant PI-PLCs do not have a conventional EF-hand domain since they are often truncated, while some PI-PLCs have no EF-hand domain at all. Despite this simple structure, plant PI-PLCs are involved in many essential plant processes, either associated with development or in response to environmental stresses. The action of PI-PLCs relies on the mediators they produce. In plants, IP3 does not seem to be the sole active soluble molecule. Inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) also transmit signals, thus highlighting the importance of coupling PI-PLC action with inositol-phosphate kinases and phosphatases. PI-PLCs also produce a lipid molecule, but plant PI-PLC pathways show a peculiarity in that the active lipid does not appear to be DAG but its phosphorylated form, phosphatidic acid (PA). Besides, PI-PLCs can also act by altering their substrate levels. Taken together, plant PI-PLCs show functional differences when compared to their animal counterparts. However, they act on similar general signalling pathways including calcium homeostasis and cell phosphoproteome. Several important questions remain unanswered. The cross-talk between the soluble and lipid mediators generated by plant PI-PLCs is not understood and how the coupling between PI-PLCs and inositol-kinases or DAG-kinases is carried out remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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