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Romero JM, Serrano-Bueno G, Camacho-Fernández C, Vicente MH, Ruiz MT, Pérez-Castiñeira JR, Pérez-Hormaeche J, Nogueira FTS, Valverde F. CONSTANS, a HUB for all seasons: How photoperiod pervades plant physiology regulatory circuits. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2086-2102. [PMID: 38513610 PMCID: PMC11132886 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
How does a plant detect the changing seasons and make important developmental decisions accordingly? How do they incorporate daylength information into their routine physiological processes? Photoperiodism, or the capacity to measure the daylength, is a crucial aspect of plant development that helps plants determine the best time of the year to make vital decisions, such as flowering. The protein CONSTANS (CO) constitutes the central regulator of this sensing mechanism, not only activating florigen production in the leaves but also participating in many physiological aspects in which seasonality is important. Recent discoveries place CO in the center of a gene network that can determine the length of the day and confer seasonal input to aspects of plant development and physiology as important as senescence, seed size, or circadian rhythms. In this review, we discuss the importance of CO protein structure, function, and evolutionary mechanisms that embryophytes have developed to incorporate annual information into their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Romero
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carolina Camacho-Fernández
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Ruiz
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - J Román Pérez-Castiñeira
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Hormaeche
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Federico Valverde
- Plant Development Group - Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Tang L, Li G, Wang H, Zhao J, Li Z, Liu X, Shu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Huang J, Ying J, Tong X, Yuan W, Wei X, Tang S, Wang Y, Bu Q, Zhang J. Exogenous abscisic acid represses rice flowering via SAPK8-ABF1-Ehd1/Ehd2 pathway. J Adv Res 2024; 59:35-47. [PMID: 37399924 PMCID: PMC11081964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rice flowering is a major agronomic trait, determining yield and ecological adaptability in particular regions. ABA plays an essential role in rice flowering, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. OBJECTIVES In this study, we demonstrated a "SAPK8-ABF1-Ehd1/Ehd2" pathway, through which exogenous ABA represses rice flowering in a photoperiod-independent manner. METHODS We generated abf1 and sapk8 mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 method. Using yeast two-hybrid, Pull down, BiFC and kinase assays, SAPK8 interacted and phosphorylated ABF1. ABF1 directly bound to the promoters of Ehd1 and Ehd2 using ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, and LUC transient transcriptional activity assay, and suppressed the transcription of these genes. RESULTS Under both long day and short day conditions, simultaneous knock-out of ABF1 and its homolog bZIP40 accelerated flowering, while SAPK8 and ABF1 over-expression lines exhibited delayed flowering and hypersensitivity to ABA-mediated flowering repression. After perceiving the ABA signal, SAPK8 physically binds to and phosphorylates ABF1 to enhance its binding to the promoters of master positive flowering regulators Ehd1 and Ehd2. Upon interacting with FIE2, ABF1 recruited PRC2 complex to deposit H3K27me3 suppressive histone modification on Ehd1 and Ehd2 to suppress these genes transcription, thereby leading to later flowering. CONCLUSION Our work highlighted the biological functions of SAPK8 and ABF1 in ABA signaling, flowering control and the involvement of a PRC2-mediated epigenetic repression mechanism in the transcription regulation governed by ABF1 on ABA-mediated rice flowering repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Tang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yazhou Shu
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jiezheng Ying
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State key laboratory of rice biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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Nguyen NN, Lamotte O, Alsulaiman M, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Berger N, Demolombe V, Nespoulous C, Dang TMN, Aimé S, Berthomieu P, Dubos C, Wendehenne D, Vile D, Gosti F. Reduction in PLANT DEFENSIN 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased resistance to pathogens and zinc toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5374-5393. [PMID: 37326591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of defensins in plants correlates with their increased capacity to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. This applies to Arabidopsis thaliana, where some of the seven members of the PLANT DEFENSIN 1 family (AtPDF1) are recognised to improve plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens and increase seedling tolerance to excess zinc (Zn). However, few studies have explored the effects of decreased endogenous defensin expression on these stress responses. Here, we carried out an extensive physiological and biochemical comparative characterization of (i) novel artificial microRNA (amiRNA) lines silenced for the five most similar AtPDF1s, and (ii) a double null mutant for the two most distant AtPDF1s. Silencing of five AtPDF1 genes was specifically associated with increased aboveground dry mass production in mature plants under excess Zn conditions, and with increased plant tolerance to different pathogens - a fungus, an oomycete and a bacterium, while the double mutant behaved similarly to the wild type. These unexpected results challenge the current paradigm describing the role of PDFs in plant stress responses. Additional roles of endogenous plant defensins are discussed, opening new perspectives for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nga Nguyen
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohanad Alsulaiman
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Demolombe
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Claude Nespoulous
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Dang
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Gosti
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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D'Aguillo M, Donohue K. Changes in phenology can alter patterns of natural selection: the joint evolution of germination time and postgermination traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:405-421. [PMID: 36600403 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The timing of a developmental transition (phenology) can influence the environment experienced by subsequent life stages. When phenology causes an organism to occupy a particular habitat as a consequence of the developmental cues used, it can act as a form of habitat tracking. Evolutionary theory predicts that habitat tracking can alter the strength, direction, and mode of natural selection on subsequently expressed traits. To test whether germination phenology altered natural selection on postgermination traits, we manipulated germination time by planting seedlings in seven germination cohorts spanning 2 yr. We measured selection on postgermination traits relating to drought, freezing, and heat tolerance using a diverse combination of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and naturally occurring ecotypes. Germination cohorts experienced variable selection: when dry, cold, and hot environments were experienced by seedlings, selection was intensified for drought, freezing, and heat tolerance, respectively. Reciprocally, postgermination traits modified the optimal germination time; genotypes had maximum fitness after germinating in environments that matched their physiological tolerances. Our results support the theoretical predictions of feedbacks between habitat tracking and traits expressed after habitat selection. In natural populations, whether phenological shifts alter selection on subsequently expressed traits will depend on the effectiveness of habitat tracking through phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D'Aguillo
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Zhang M, Wang W, Liu Q, Zang E, Wu L, Hu G, Li M. Transcriptome analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata and mining of bolting and flowering genes. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Susila H, Purwestri YA. PEBP Signaling Network in Tubers and Tuberous Root Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36678976 PMCID: PMC9865765 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tubers and tuberous root crops are essential carbohydrate sources and staple foods for humans, second only to cereals. The developmental phase transition, including floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, is controlled by complex signaling processes involving the integration of environmental and endogenous cues. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS (TFL1/CEN), members of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family, play a central role in this developmental phase transition process. FT and FT-like proteins have a function to promote developmental phase transition, while TFL1/CEN act oppositely. The balance between FT and TFL1/CEN is critical to ensure a successful plant life cycle. Here, we present a summarized review of the role and signaling network of PEBP in floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, specifically in tubers and tuberous root crops. Lastly, we point out several questions that need to be answered in order to have a more complete understanding of the PEBP signaling network, which is crucial for the agronomical improvement of tubers and tuberous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Kavi Kishor PB, Tiozon RN, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. Abscisic acid and its role in the modulation of plant growth, development, and yield stability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1283-1295. [PMID: 36100537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to confer stress tolerance; however, at elevated levels it impairs plant growth under prolonged stress. Paradoxically, at its basal level, ABA plays many vital roles in promoting plant growth and development, including modulation of tillering, flowering, and seed development, as well as seed maturation. In this review, we provide insight into novel discoveries of ABA fluxes, ABA signaling responses, and their impact on yield stability. We discuss ABA homeostasis implicated under pre- and postanthesis drought and its impact on productive tillers, grain number determination, and seed development to address yield stability in cereal crops while considering the new knowledge that emerged from the model plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polavarapu B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rhowell N Tiozon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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Guo Z, Ma W, Cai L, Guo T, Liu H, Wang L, Liu J, Ma B, Feng Y, Liu C, Pan G. Comparison of anther transcriptomes in response to cold stress at the reproductive stage between susceptible and resistant Japonica rice varieties. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:500. [PMID: 36284279 PMCID: PMC9597962 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world but is susceptible to cold stress (CS). In this study, we carried out parallel transcriptomic analysis at the reproductive stage on the anthers of two Japonica rice varieties with contrasting CS resistance: cold susceptible Longjing11 (LJ11) and cold resistant Longjing25 (LJ25). RESULTS According to the obtained results, a total of 16,762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under CS, including 7,050 and 14,531 DEGs in LJ25 and LJ11, respectively. Examining gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified 35 up- and 39 down-regulated biological process BP GO terms were significantly enriched in the two varieties, with 'response to heat' and 'response to cold' being the most enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 33 significantly enriched pathways. Only the carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways with down-regulated DEGs were enriched considerably in LJ11, while the plant hormone signal transduction pathway (containing 153 DEGs) was dramatically improved. Eight kinds of plant hormones were detected in the pathway, while auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ETH) signaling pathways were found to be the top four pathways with the most DEGs. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified ten hub genes (co-expressed gene number ≥ 30), including six ABA-related genes. Various DEGs (such as OsDREB1A, OsICE1, OsMYB2, OsABF1, OsbZIP23, OsCATC, and so on) revealed distinct expression patterns among rice types when the DEGs between LJ11 and LJ25 were compared, indicating that they are likely responsible for CS resistance of rice in cold region. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings provide comprehensive insights into complex molecular mechanisms of CS response and can aid in CS resistant molecular breeding of rice in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154007, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Jiamusi Longjing Seed Industry Co., LTD, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 161006, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjiang Feng
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chuanxue Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guojun Pan
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 154026, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ntambiyukuri A, Li X, Xiao D, Wang A, Zhan J, He L. Circadian Rhythm Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Peanut. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081271. [PMID: 36013450 PMCID: PMC9410085 DOI: 10.3390/life12081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is among the most important oil crops in the world. In the southern part of China, peanut is highly produced; however, the arable land is acidic. In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) inhibits plant growth and development by changing the properties of the cell wall and causing the disorder of the intracellular metabolic process. Circadian rhythm is an internal mechanism that occurs about every 24 h and enables plants to maintain internal biological processes with a daily cycle. To investigate the effect of photoperiod and Al stress on the Al-induced programmed cell death (PCD), two peanut varieties were treated with 100 μM AlCl3 under three photoperiodic conditions (8/16, SD; 12/12, ND; 16/8 h, LD). The results show that Al toxicity was higher in ZH2 than in 99-1507 and higher under LD than under SD. Root length decreased by 30, 37.5, and 50% in ZH2 and decreased by 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82% in 99-1507 under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress. Photoperiod and Al induced cell death and ROS production. MDA content, PME activity, and LOX activity increased under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress both in ZH2 and 99-1507. APX, SOD, CAT, and POD activities were higher under SD, ND, and LD, respectively. Al stress increased the level of AhLHY expression under SD and ND but decreased it under LD in both ZH2 and 99-1507. Contrastingly, AhSTS expression levels increased exponentially and were higher under SD, LD, and ND, respectively, under Al stress. Our results will be a useful platform to research PCD induced by Al and gain new insights into the genetic manipulation of the circadian clock for plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ntambiyukuri
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Aiqin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Longfei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (L.H.)
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Zhang C, Zhou Q, Liu W, Wu X, Li Z, Xu Y, Li Y, Imaizumi T, Hou X, Liu T. BrABF3 promotes flowering through the direct activation of CONSTANS transcription in pak choi. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:134-148. [PMID: 35442527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress triggers the accumulation of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which in turn activates the expression of the floral integrator gene CONSTANS (CO), accelerating flowering. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-induced CO activation remains elusive. Here, we conducted a yeast one-hybrid assay using the CO promoter from Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis (pak choi) to screen the ABA-induced pak choi library and identified the transcription activator ABF3 (BrABF3). BrABF3, the expression of which was induced by ABA in pak choi, directly bound to the CO promoter from both pak choi and Arabidopsis. The BrABF3 promoter is specifically active in the Arabidopsis leaf vascular tissue, where CO is mainly expressed. Impaired BrABF3 expression in pak choi decreased BrCO expression levels and delayed flowering, whereas ectopic expression of BrABF3 in Arabidopsis increased CO expression and induced earlier flowering under the long-day conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that BrABF3 was enriched at the canonical ABA-responsive element-ABRE binding factor (ABRE-ABF) binding motifs of the BrCO promoter. The direct binding of BrABF3 to the ABRE elements of CO was further confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. In addition, the induction of BrCO transcription by BrABF3 could be repressed by BrCDF1 in the morning. Thus, our results suggest that ABA could accelerate the floral transition by directly activating BrCO transcription through BrABF3 in pak choi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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11
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Zheng Y, Wang N, Zhang Z, Liu W, Xie W. Identification of Flowering Regulatory Networks and Hub Genes Expressed in the Leaves of Elymus sibiricus L. Using Comparative Transcriptome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877908. [PMID: 35651764 PMCID: PMC9150504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a significant stage from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in higher plants, which impacts the biomass and seed yield. To reveal the flowering time variations and identify the flowering regulatory networks and hub genes in Elymus sibiricus, we measured the booting, heading, and flowering times of 66 E. sibiricus accessions. The booting, heading, and flowering times varied from 136 to 188, 142 to 194, and 148 to 201 days, respectively. The difference in flowering time between the earliest- and the last-flowering accessions was 53 days. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses were performed at the three developmental stages of six accessions with contrasting flowering times. A total of 3,526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predicted and 72 candidate genes were identified, including transcription factors, known flowering genes, and plant hormone-related genes. Among them, four candidate genes (LATE, GA2OX6, FAR3, and MFT1) were significantly upregulated in late-flowering accessions. LIMYB, PEX19, GWD3, BOR7, PMEI28, LRR, and AIRP2 were identified as hub genes in the turquoise and blue modules which were related to the development time of flowering by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of LIMYB found by multiple sequence alignment may cause late flowering. The expression pattern of flowering candidate genes was verified in eight flowering promoters (CRY, COL, FPF1, Hd3, GID1, FLK, VIN3, and FPA) and four flowering suppressors (CCA1, ELF3, Ghd7, and COL4) under drought and salt stress by qRT-PCR. The results suggested that drought and salt stress activated the flowering regulation pathways to some extent. The findings of the present study lay a foundation for the functional verification of flowering genes and breeding of new varieties of early- and late-flowering E. sibiricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wengang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Xie
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12
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Vacchiano G, Pesendorfer MB, Conedera M, Gratzer G, Rossi L, Ascoli D. Natural disturbances and masting: from mechanisms to fitness consequences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200384. [PMID: 34657468 PMCID: PMC8520777 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of seed production and release is highly relevant for successful plant reproduction. Ecological disturbances, if synchronized with reproductive effort, can increase the chances of seeds and seedlings to germinate and establish. This can be especially true under variable and synchronous seed production (masting). Several observational studies have reported worldwide evidence for co-occurrence of disturbances and seed bumper crops in forests. Here, we review the evidence for interaction between disturbances and masting in global plant communities; we highlight feedbacks between these two ecological processes and posit an evolutionary pathway leading to the selection of traits that allow trees to synchronize seed crops with disturbances. Finally, we highlight relevant questions to be tested on the functional and evolutionary relationship between disturbances and masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Conedera
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gratzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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13
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Jhu MY, Ichihashi Y, Farhi M, Wong C, Sinha NR. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 25 functions as a key regulator of haustorium development in dodders. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2093-2110. [PMID: 34618110 PMCID: PMC8331169 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants reduce crop yield worldwide. Dodder (Cuscuta campestris) is a stem parasite that attaches to its host, using haustoria to extract nutrients and water. We analyzed the transcriptome of six C. campestris tissues and identified a key gene, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 25 (CcLBD25), as highly expressed in prehaustoria and haustoria. Gene coexpression networks from different tissue types and laser-capture microdissection RNA-sequencing data indicated that CcLBD25 could be essential for regulating cell wall loosening and organogenesis. We employed host-induced gene silencing by generating transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hosts that express hairpin RNAs to target and down-regulate CcLBD25 in the parasite. Our results showed that C. campestris growing on CcLBD25 RNAi transgenic tomatoes transited to the flowering stage earlier and had reduced biomass compared with C. campestris growing on wild-type (WT) hosts, suggesting that parasites growing on transgenic plants were stressed due to insufficient nutrient acquisition. We developed an in vitro haustorium system to assay the number of prehaustoria produced on strands from C. campestris. Cuscuta campestris grown on CcLBD25 RNAi tomatoes produced fewer prehaustoria than those grown on WT tomatoes, indicating that down-regulating CcLBD25 may affect haustorium initiation. Cuscuta campestris haustoria growing on CcLBD25 RNAi tomatoes exhibited reduced pectin digestion and lacked searching hyphae, which interfered with haustorium penetration and formation of vascular connections. The results of this study elucidate the role of CcLBD25 in haustorium development and might contribute to developing parasite-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Moran Farhi
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, California 95691, USA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- The Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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14
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Transcripts Associated with Flowering Time of Loquat (Eriobotya japonica Lindl.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flowering is an important phenophase of plant species, however, knowledge about the regulatory mechanism controlling flowering cues in loquat is limited. To identify candidate genes regulating flowering time in loquat, we used RNA-Seq technology to conduct a comparative transcriptome analysis of differentiating apical buds collected from the early-flowering variety ‘Baiyu’ and the late-flowering variety ‘Huoju’. A total of 28,842 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified. Of these, 42 DETs controlled flowering time while 17 other DETs were associated with the ABA signaling pathway. Compared with those in ‘Huoju’, EjFT, EjFY, EjFLK, and EjCAL1-like were significantly upregulated in ‘Baiyu’. Moreover, transcripts of the ABA 8′-hydroxylases (EjABH2, EjABH4, and EjABH4-like2), the ABA receptors (EjPYL4/8), and the bZIP transcription factor EjABI5-like were upregulated in ‘Baiyu’ compared with ‘Huoju’. Hence, they might regulate loquat flowering time. There was no significant difference between ‘Baiyu’ and ‘Huoju’ in terms of IAA content. However, the ABA content was about ten-fold higher in the apical buds of ‘Baiyu’ than in those of ‘Huoju’. The ABA:IAA ratio sharply rose and attained a peak during bud differentiation. Thus, ABA is vital in regulating floral bud formation in loquat. The results of the present study help clarify gene transcription during loquat flowering.
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15
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Nuñez-Muñoz L, Vargas-Hernández B, Hinojosa-Moya J, Ruiz-Medrano R, Xoconostle-Cázares B. Plant drought tolerance provided through genome editing of the trehalase gene. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1877005. [PMID: 33570447 PMCID: PMC7971296 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1877005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic factors that affect agricultural productivity, jeopardizing food security. Modern biotechnology is a useful tool for the generation of stress-tolerant crops, but its release and field-testing involves complex regulatory frameworks. However, gene editing technology mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a suitable strategy for plant breeding, which can lead to precise and specific modifications in the plant genome. The aim of the present work is to produce drought-tolerant plant varieties by modifying the trehalase gene. Furthermore, a new vector platform was developed to edit monocot and dicot genomes, by modifying vectors adding a streptomycin resistance marker for use with the hypervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 strain. The gRNA design was based on the trehalase sequence in several species of the genus Selaginella that show drought tolerance. Arabidopsis thaliana carrying editions in the trehalase substrate-binding domain showed a higher tolerance to drought stress. In addition, a transient transformation system for gene editing in maize leaves was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Nuñez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Brenda Vargas-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Jesús Hinojosa-Moya
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
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16
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Lv A, Su L, Wen W, Fan N, Zhou P, An Y. Analysis of the Function of the Alfalfa Mslea-D34 Gene in Abiotic Stress Responses and Flowering Time. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:28-42. [PMID: 32976554 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene, MsLEA-D34, was cloned from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Its function and gene regulatory pathways were studied via overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) of the gene in Arabidopsis and in hairy roots of alfalfa, as well as via analyzing key genes related to MsLEA-D34 during developmental phases in alfalfa. The results showed that MsLEA-D34 was a typical intrinsically disordered protein with a high capability for protein protection. Overexpression of MsLEA-D34 increased plant tolerance to osmotic and salt stresses, and caused Arabidopsis early flowering under drought and well-watered conditions. Overexpressing MsLEA-D34 induced up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and GIGANTEA (GI) at the flowering phase of Arabidopsis and hairy roots of alfalfa, but only FT was down-regulated in MsLEA-D34-RNAi lines. A positive effect of MsLEA-D34 on FT accumulation was demonstrated in alfalfa hairy roots. An ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding transcription factor (MsABF2), a novel transcription factor cloned from alfalfa, directly bound to the RY element in the MsLEA-D34 promoter and activated MsLEA-D34 expression. The above results indicate that MsLEA-D34 can regulate abiotic stress response in plants and influence flowering time of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201101, China
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17
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Zhou Y, Gan X, Viñegra de la Torre N, Neumann U, Albani MC. Beyond flowering time: diverse roles of an APETALA2-like transcription factor in shoot architecture and perennial traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:444-459. [PMID: 32745288 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after flowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabis alpina regulates flowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to flower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate flowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 flowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a floral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to flower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing flowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in fine tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhou
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Xiangchao Gan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Natanael Viñegra de la Torre
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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18
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The vascular targeted citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T3 gene promotes non-inductive early flowering in transgenic Carrizo rootstocks and grafted juvenile scions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21404. [PMID: 33293614 PMCID: PMC7722890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening the juvenile stage in citrus and inducing early flowering has been the focus of several citrus genetic improvement programs. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a small phloem-translocated protein that regulates precocious flowering. In this study, two populations of transgenic Carrizo citrange rootstocks expressing either Citrus clementina FT1 or FT3 genes under the control of the Arabidopsis thaliana phloem specific SUCROSE SYNTHASE 2 (AtSUC2) promoter were developed. The transgenic plants were morphologically similar to the non-transgenic controls (non-transgenic Carrizo citrange), however, only AtSUC2-CcFT3 was capable of inducing precocious flowers. The transgenic lines produced flowers 16 months after transformation and flower buds appeared 30-40 days on juvenile immature scions grafted onto transgenic rootstock. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and APETALA1 (AP1) were enhanced in the transgenics. Transcriptome profiling of a selected transgenic line showed the induction of genes in different groups including: genes from the flowering induction pathway, APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family genes, and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes. Altogether, our results suggested that ectopic expression of CcFT3 in phloem tissues of Carrizo citrange triggered the expression of several genes to mediate early flowering.
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Brandoli C, Petri C, Egea-Cortines M, Weiss J. Gigantea: Uncovering New Functions in Flower Development. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101142. [PMID: 32998354 PMCID: PMC7600796 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which have been analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The identified biological functions include control over the circadian rhythm, light signalling, cold tolerance, hormone signalling and photoperiodic flowering. The latter function is a central role of GI, as it involves a multitude of pathways, both dependent and independent of the gene CONSTANS(CO), as well as on the basis of interaction with miRNA. The complexity of the gene function of GI increases due to the existence of paralogs showing changes in genome structure as well as incidences of sub- and neofunctionalization. We present an updated report of the biological function of GI, integrating late insights into its role in floral initiation, flower development and volatile flower production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brandoli
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (C.B.); (M.E.-C.)
| | - Cesar Petri
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, 29750 Algarrobo-costa, Málaga, Spain;
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (C.B.); (M.E.-C.)
| | - Julia Weiss
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (C.B.); (M.E.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-071-078
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20
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Ogbaga CC, Athar HUR, Amir M, Bano H, Chater CC, Jellason NP. Clarity on frequently asked questions about drought measurements in plant physiology. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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21
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Ma X, Su Z, Ma H. Molecular genetic analyses of abiotic stress responses during plant reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2870-2885. [PMID: 32072177 PMCID: PMC7260722 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses during vegetative growth have been extensively studied for many years. Daily environmental fluctuations can have dramatic effects on plant vegetative growth at multiple levels, resulting in molecular, cellular, physiological, and morphological changes. Plants are even more sensitive to environmental changes during reproductive stages. However, much less is known about how plants respond to abiotic stresses during reproduction. Fortunately, recent advances in this field have begun to provide clues about these important processes, which promise further understanding and a potential contribution to maximize crop yield under adverse environments. Here we summarize information from several plants, focusing on the possible mechanisms that plants use to cope with different types of abiotic stresses during reproductive development, and present a tentative molecular portrait of plant acclimation during reproductive stages. Additionally, we discuss strategies that plants use to balance between survival and productivity, with some comparison among different plants that have adapted to distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhao Su
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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22
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Weng X, Lovell JT, Schwartz SL, Cheng C, Haque T, Zhang L, Razzaque S, Juenger TE. Complex interactions between day length and diurnal patterns of gene expression drive photoperiodic responses in a perennial C 4 grass. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2165-2182. [PMID: 30847928 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a key environmental cue affecting flowering and biomass traits in plants. Key components of the photoperiodic flowering pathway have been identified in many species, but surprisingly few studies have globally examined the diurnal rhythm of gene expression with changes in day length. Using a cost-effective 3'-Tag RNA sequencing strategy, we characterize 9,010 photoperiod responsive genes with strict statistical testing across a diurnal time series in the C4 perennial grass, Panicum hallii. We show that the vast majority of photoperiod responses are driven by complex interactions between day length and sampling periods. A fine-scale contrast analysis at each sampling time revealed a detailed picture of the temporal reprogramming of cis-regulatory elements and biological processes under short- and long-day conditions. Phase shift analysis reveals quantitative variation among genes with photoperiod-dependent diurnal patterns. In addition, we identify three photoperiod enriched transcription factor families with key genes involved in photoperiod flowering regulatory networks. Finally, coexpression networks analysis of GIGANTEA homolog predicted 1,668 potential coincidence partners, including five well-known GI-interacting proteins. Our results not only provide a resource for understanding the mechanisms of photoperiod regulation in perennial grasses but also lay a foundation to increase biomass yield in biofuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Weng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - John T Lovell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806
| | - Scott L Schwartz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Taslima Haque
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Samsad Razzaque
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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23
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Ferguson J, Meyer R, Edwards K, Humphry M, Brendel O, Bechtold U. Accelerated flowering time reduces lifetime water use without penalizing reproductive performance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1847-1867. [PMID: 30707443 PMCID: PMC6563486 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection driven by water availability has resulted in considerable variation for traits associated with drought tolerance and leaf-level water-use efficiency (WUE). In Arabidopsis, little is known about the variation of whole-plant water use (PWU) and whole-plant WUE (transpiration efficiency). To investigate the genetic basis of PWU, we developed a novel proxy trait by combining flowering time and rosette water use to estimate lifetime PWU. We validated its usefulness for large-scale screening of mapping populations in a subset of ecotypes. This parameter subsequently facilitated the screening of water use and drought tolerance traits in a recombinant inbred line population derived from two Arabidopsis accessions with distinct water-use strategies, namely, C24 (low PWU) and Col-0 (high PWU). Subsequent quantitative trait loci mapping and validation through near-isogenic lines identified two causal quantitative trait loci, which showed that a combination of weak and nonfunctional alleles of the FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) genes substantially reduced plant water use due to their control of flowering time. Crucially, we observed that reducing flowering time and consequently water use did not penalize reproductive performance, as such water productivity (seed produced per unit of water transpired) improved. Natural polymorphisms of FRI and FLC have previously been elucidated as key determinants of natural variation in intrinsic WUE (δ13 C). However, in the genetic backgrounds tested here, drought tolerance traits, stomatal conductance, δ13 C. and rosette water use were independent of allelic variation at FRI and FLC, suggesting that flowering is critical in determining lifetime PWU but not always leaf-level traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N. Ferguson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Rhonda C. Meyer
- Department of Molecular GeneticsLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandGermany
| | - Kieron D. Edwards
- Sibelius Natural Products Health Wellness and FitnessOxfordUK
- Advanced Technologies CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Matt Humphry
- Advanced Technologies CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Quantitative GeneticsBritish American TobaccoCambridgeUK
| | - Oliver Brendel
- Université de LorraineAgroParisTech, INRA, SilvaNancyFrance
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
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24
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Marín-Guirao L, Entrambasaguas L, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Heat-stress induced flowering can be a potential adaptive response to ocean warming for the iconic seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2486-2501. [PMID: 30938465 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to warming and the abrupt declines experienced by the endemic Posidonia oceanica populations after recent heatwaves have forecasted severe consequences for the ecological functions and socio-economical services this habitat forming species provides. Nevertheless, this highly clonal and long-lived species could be more resilient to warming than commonly thought since heat-sensitive plants massively bloomed after a simulated heatwave, which provides the species with an opportunity to adapt to climate change. Taking advantage of this unexpected plant response, we investigated for the first time the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in seagrass flowering through the transcriptomic analysis of bloomed plants. We also aimed to identify if flowering is a stress-induced response as suggested from the fact that heat-sensitive but not heat-tolerant plants flowered. The transcriptomic profiles of flowered plants showed a strong metabolic activation of sugars and hormones and indications of an active transport of these solutes within the plant, most likely to induce flower initiation in the apical meristem. Preflowered plants also activated numerous epigenetic-related genes commonly used by plants to regulate the expression of key floral genes and stress-tolerance genes, which could be interpreted as a mechanism to survive and optimize reproductive success under stress conditions. Furthermore, these plants provided numerous molecular clues suggesting that the factor responsible for the massive flowering of plants from cold environments (heat-sensitive) can be considered as a stress. Heat-stress induced flowering may thus be regarded as an ultimate response to survive extreme warming events with potential adaptive consequences for the species. Fitness implications of this unexpected stress-response and the potential consequences on the phenotypic plasticity (acclimation) and evolutionary (adaptation) opportunity of the species to ocean warming are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
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25
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Xing L, Zhang D, Qi S, Chen X, An N, Li Y, Zhao C, Han M, Zhao J. Transcription profiles reveal the regulatory mechanisms of spur bud changes and flower induction in response to shoot bending in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:45-66. [PMID: 30519825 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote flowering in 'Fuji' apple trees. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in 'Fuji' apple buds at different flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending, in which were contrbuted to apple flower bud formation in response to shoot-bending conditions. Flower induction plays an important role in the apple tree life cycle, but young trees produce fewer and inferior flower buds. Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote flowering in 'Fuji' apple trees. However, little is known about the gene expression network patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms caused by shoot bending during the induced flowering. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in 'Fuji' apple buds at different flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A steady up-regulation of carbon metabolism-related genes led to relatively high levels of sucrose in early induced flowering stages and starch accumulation during shoot bending. Additionally, global gene expression profiling determined that cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin synthesis and signalling-related genes were significantly regulated by shoot bending, contributing to cell division and differentiation, bud growth and flower induction. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism- and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending. Additionally, some transcription factor family genes that were involved in sugar, abscisic acid and stress response signalling were significantly induced by shoot bending. These important flowering genes, which were mainly involved in photoperiod, age and autonomous pathways, were up-regulated by shoot bending. Thus, a complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involved in sugar, hormone and stress response signalling pathways may mediate the induction of apple tree flowering in response to shoot-bending conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xilong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Mechaincal and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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26
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Chen X, Qi S, Zhang D, Li Y, An N, Zhao C, Zhao J, Shah K, Han M, Xing L. Comparative RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of buds from profusely flowering 'Qinguan' and weakly flowering 'Nagafu no. 2' apple varieties reveals novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying floral induction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:370. [PMID: 30577771 PMCID: PMC6303880 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral induction is an important stage in the apple tree life cycle. In 'Nagafu No. 2', which was derived from a 'Fuji' bud sport, flower bud formation is associated with serious problems, such as fewer and inferior flower buds, a long juvenile phase, and an alternate bearing phenotype. Moreover, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying apple floral induction remain unknown. To characterize these mechanisms, we compared the RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiles of buds during floral induction in profusely flowering 'Qinguan' and weakly flowering 'Nagafu No. 2' apple varieties. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed between the buds of the two varieties were mainly related to carbohydrate, fatty acid, and lipid pathways. Additionally, the steady up-regulated expression of genes related to the fatty acid and lipid pathways and the down-regulated expression of starch synthesis-related genes in the carbon metabolic pathway of 'Qinguan' relative to 'Nagafu No. 2' were observed to contribute to the higher flowering rate of 'Qinguan'. Additionally, global gene expression profiling revealed that genes related to cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellin synthesis, signalling, and responses (i.e., factors contributing to cell division and differentiation and bud growth) were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties. The up-regulated expression of genes involved in abscisic acid and salicylic acid biosynthesis via shikimate pathways as well as jasmonic acid production through fatty acid pathways in 'Qinguan' buds were also revealed to contribute to the floral induction and relatively high flowering rate of this variety. The differential expression of transcription factor genes (i.e., SPL, bZIP, IDD, and MYB genes) involved in multiple biological processes was also observed to play key roles in floral induction. Finally, important flowering genes (i.e., FT, FD, and AFL) were significantly more highly expressed in 'Qinguan' buds than in 'Nagafu No. 2' buds during floral induction. CONCLUSIONS A complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involving carbohydrate, fatty acid, lipid, and hormone pathways may mediate the induction of apple tree flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Siyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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27
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Liu SL, Wang XH, Gao YG, Zhao Y, Zhang AH, Xu YH, Zhang LX. Transcriptomic analysis identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with bolting and flowering in Saposhnikovia divaricata. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:446-455. [PMID: 30047466 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Saposhnikovia divaricata is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb; the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth may lead to the decrease of its pharmacological activities. Therefore, the study of bolting and flowering for Saposhnikovia divaricata is warranted. The present study aimed to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regularity of expression during the bolting and flowering process, and the results of this study might provide a theoretical foundation for the suppression of early bolting for future research and practical application. Three sample groups, early flowering, flower bud differentiation, and late flowering (groups A, B, and C, respectively) were selected. Transcriptomic analysis identified 67, 010 annotated unigenes, among which 50, 165 were differentially expressed including 16, 108 in A vs B, and 17, 459 in B vs C, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional classification analysis were performed on these differentially expressed genes, and five important pathways were significantly impacted (P ≤ 0.01): plant circadian rhythm, other glycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Plant hormone signal transduction might play an important role in the bolting and flowering process. The differentially expressed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gene showed significant down-regulation during bolting and flowering, while the transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) gene showed no significant change during the bolting process. The expression of flowering related genes FLC, LYF, and AP1 also showed a greater difference at different development stages. In conclusion, we speculate that the decrease in auxin concentration is not caused by the degrading effect of TIR1 but by an alternative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Li Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Research Center of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yu-Gang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yong-Hua Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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28
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Ruiz JM, Marín-Guirao L, García-Muñoz R, Ramos-Segura A, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Pérez M, Sanmartí N, Ontoria Y, Romero J, Arthur R, Alcoverro T, Procaccini G. Experimental evidence of warming-induced flowering in the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 134:49-54. [PMID: 29102072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in predominantly clonal marine plants increases recombination favoring adaptation and enhancing species resilience to environmental change. Recent studies of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica suggest that flowering intensity and frequency are correlated with warming events associated with global climate change, but these studies have been observational without direct experimental support. We used controlled experiments to test if warming can effectively trigger flowering in P. oceanica. A six-week heat wave was simulated under laboratory mesocosm conditions. Heating negatively impacted leaf growth rates, but by the end of the experiment most of the heated plants flowered, while controls plants did not. Heated and control plants were not genetically distinct and flowering intensity was significantly correlated with allelic richness and heterozygosity. This is an unprecedented finding, showing that the response of seagrasses to warming will be more plastic, more complex and potentially more resilient than previously imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Marín-Guirao
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - R García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ramos-Segura
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Sanmartí
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Ontoria
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Romero
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Arthur
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes 17300, Spain; Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
| | - T Alcoverro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes 17300, Spain; Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, India
| | - G Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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29
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Kumar J, Gunapati S, Kianian SF, Singh SP. Comparative analysis of transcriptome in two wheat genotypes with contrasting levels of drought tolerance. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1487-1504. [PMID: 29651660 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is a complex trait that is governed by multiple genes. The study presents differential transcriptome analysis between drought-tolerant (Triticum aestivum Cv. C306) and drought-sensitive (Triticum aestivum Cv. WL711) genotypes, using Affymetrix GeneChip® Wheat Genome Array. Both genotypes exhibited diverse global transcriptional responses under control and drought conditions. Pathway analysis suggested significant induction or repression of genes involved in secondary metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and transport in C306, as compared to WL711. Significant up- and downregulation of transcripts for enzymes, hormone metabolism, and stress response pathways were observed in C306 under drought. The elevated expression of plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1 and downregulation of late embryogenesis abundant in the leaf tissues could play an important role in delayed wilting in C306. The other regulatory genes such as MT, FT, AP2, SKP1, ABA2, ARF6, WRKY6, AOS, and LOX2 are involved in defense response in C306 genotype. Additionally, transcripts with unknown functions were identified as differentially expressed, which could participate in drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Samatha Gunapati
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Sudhir P Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India.
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India.
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30
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Shu K, Luo X, Meng Y, Yang W. Toward a Molecular Understanding of Abscisic Acid Actions in Floral Transition. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:215-221. [PMID: 29361058 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the vegetative growth phase to flowering is a crucial checkpoint for plant reproduction and survival, especially under environmental stress conditions. Numerous factors regulate flowering time, including exogenous environmental cues such as day length and temperature, as well as salt and drought stresses, and endogenous phytohormone signaling cascades. Gibberellins and ABA are one classic combination of phytohormones which antagonistically regulate several biological processes, including seed dormancy and germination, primary root growth and seedling development. As regards control of flowering time, gibberellin exhibits a positive role, and represents an important pathway in the regulation of floral transition. However, over the past decades, numerous investigations have demonstrated that the contribution of the stress hormone ABA to floral transition is still controversial, as both positive and negative effects have been documented. It is important to determine why and how ABA shows this contradictory effect on flowering time. In this up to date review, primarily based on recent publications and emerging data, we summarize the distinct and contrasting roles of ABA on floral transition, while the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying these roles are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and open questions in this topic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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31
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Janiak A, Kwasniewski M, Sowa M, Gajek K, Żmuda K, Kościelniak J, Szarejko I. No Time to Waste: Transcriptome Study Reveals that Drought Tolerance in Barley May Be Attributed to Stressed-Like Expression Patterns that Exist before the Occurrence of Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2212. [PMID: 29375595 PMCID: PMC5767312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant survival in adverse environmental conditions requires a substantial change in the metabolism, which is reflected by the extensive transcriptome rebuilding upon the occurrence of the stress. Therefore, transcriptomic studies offer an insight into the mechanisms of plant stress responses. Here, we present the results of global gene expression profiling of roots and leaves of two barley genotypes with contrasting ability to cope with drought stress. Our analysis suggests that drought tolerance results from a certain level of transcription of stress-influenced genes that is present even before the onset of drought. Genes that predispose the plant to better drought survival play a role in the regulatory network of gene expression, including several transcription factors, translation regulators and structural components of ribosomes. An important group of genes is involved in signaling mechanisms, with significant contribution of hormone signaling pathways and an interplay between ABA, auxin, ethylene and brassinosteroid homeostasis. Signal transduction in a drought tolerant genotype may be more efficient through the expression of genes required for environmental sensing that are active already during normal water availability and are related to actin filaments and LIM domain proteins, which may function as osmotic biosensors. Better survival of drought may also be attributed to more effective processes of energy generation and more efficient chloroplasts biogenesis. Interestingly, our data suggest that several genes involved in a photosynthesis process are required for the establishment of effective drought response not only in leaves, but also in roots of barley. Thus, we propose a hypothesis that root plastids may turn into the anti-oxidative centers protecting root macromolecules from oxidative damage during drought stress. Specific genes and their potential role in building up a drought-tolerant barley phenotype is extensively discussed with special emphasis on processes that take place in barley roots. When possible, the interconnections between particular factors are emphasized to draw a broader picture of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Sowa
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gajek
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Żmuda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Kościelniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Zhou F, Zhang Y, Tang W, Wang M, Gao T. Transcriptomics analysis of the flowering regulatory genes involved in the herbicide resistance of Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:953. [PMID: 29212446 PMCID: PMC5719899 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax, P. fugax), a weed that is both distributed across China and associated with winter crops, has evolved resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) herbicides, but the resistance mechanism remains unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the transcriptome between resistant and sensitive populations of P. fugax at the flowering stage. Results Populations resistant and susceptible to clodinafop-propargyl showed distinct transcriptome profiles. A total of 206,041 unigenes were identified; 165,901 unique sequences were annotated using BLASTX alignment databases. Among them, 5904 unigenes were classified into 58 transcription factor families. Nine families were related to the regulation of plant growth and development and to stress responses. Twelve unigenes were differentially expressed between the clodinafop-propargyl-sensitive and clodinafop-propargyl-resistant populations at the early flowering stage; among those unigenes, three belonged to the ABI3VP1, BHLH, and GRAS families, while the remaining nine belonged to the MADS family. Compared with the clodinafop-propargyl-sensitive plants, the resistant plants exhibited different expression pattern of these 12 unigenes. Conclusion This study identified differentially expressed unigenes related to ACCase-resistant P. fugax and thus provides a genomic resource for understanding the molecular basis of early flowering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4324-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
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Yatusevich R, Fedak H, Ciesielski A, Krzyczmonik K, Kulik A, Dobrowolska G, Swiezewski S. Antisense transcription represses Arabidopsis seed dormancy QTL DOG1 to regulate drought tolerance. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2186-2196. [PMID: 29030481 PMCID: PMC5709759 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed multiple strategies to sense the external environment and to adapt growth accordingly. Delay of germination 1 (DOG1) is a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed dormancy strength in Arabidopsis thaliana that is reported to be expressed exclusively in seeds. DOG1 is extensively regulated, with an antisense transcript (asDOG1) suppressing its expression in seeds. Here, we show that asDOG1 shows high levels in mature plants where it suppresses DOG1 expression under standard growth conditions. Suppression is released by shutting down antisense transcription, which is induced by the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and drought. Loss of asDOG1 results in constitutive high-level DOG1 expression, conferring increased drought tolerance, while inactivation of DOG1 causes enhanced drought sensitivity. The unexpected role of DOG1 in environmental adaptation of mature plants is separate from its function in seed dormancy regulation. The requirement of asDOG1 to respond to ABA and drought demonstrates that antisense transcription is important for sensing and responding to environmental changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Yatusevich
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Fedak
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Krzyczmonik
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Dobrowolska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Swiezewski
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland
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Long photoperiod affects the maize transition from vegetative to reproductive stages: a proteomic comparison between photoperiod-sensitive inbred line and its recurrent parent. Amino Acids 2017; 50:149-161. [PMID: 29030729 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a typical short-day plant that is produced as an important food product and industrial material. The photoperiod is one of the most important evolutionary mechanisms enabling the adaptation of plant developmental phases to changes in climate conditions. There are differences in the photoperiod sensitivity of maize inbred lines from tropical to temperate regions. In this study, to identify the maize proteins responsive to a long photoperiod (LP), the photoperiod-insensitive inbred line HZ4 and its near-isogenic line H496, which is sensitive to LP conditions, were analyzed under long-day conditions using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. We identified 5259 proteins in maize leaves exposed to the LP condition between the vegetative and reproductive stages. These proteins included 579 and 576 differentially accumulated proteins in H496 and HZ4 leaves, respectively. The differentially accumulated proteins (e.g., membrane, defense, and energy- and ribosome-related proteins) exhibited the opposite trends in HZ4 and H496 plants during the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. These results suggest that the photoperiod-associated fragment in H496 plants considerably influences various proteins to respond to the photoperiod sensitivity. Overall, our data provide new insights into the effects of long-day treatments on the maize proteome, and may be useful for the development of new germplasm.
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Chen HC, Hsieh-Feng V, Liao PC, Cheng WH, Liu LY, Yang YW, Lai MH, Chang MC. The function of OsbHLH068 is partially redundant with its homolog, AtbHLH112, in the regulation of the salt stress response but has opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:531-548. [PMID: 28631168 PMCID: PMC5504132 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The homologous genes OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 have partially redundant functions in the regulation of the salt stress response but opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis. The transcription factor (TF) basic/Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) is important for plant growth, development, and stress responses. OsbHLH068, which is a homologous gene of AtbHLH112 that is up-regulated under drought and salt stresses, as indicated by previous microarray data analysis. However, the intrinsic function of OsbHLH068 remains unknown. In the present study, we characterized the function and compared the role of OsbHLH068 with that of its homolog, AtbHLH112. Histochemical GUS staining indicated that OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 share a similar expression pattern in transgenic Arabidopsis during the juvenile-to-adult phase transition. Heterologous overexpression of OsbHLH068 in Arabidopsis delays seed germination, decreases salt-induced H2O2 accumulation, and promotes root elongation, whereas AtbHLH112 knock-out mutant displays an opposite phenotype. Both OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings and the Atbhlh112 mutant display a late-flowering phenotype. Moreover, the expression of OsbHLH068-GFP driven by an AtbHLH112 promoter can compensate for the germination deficiency in the Atbhlh112 mutant, but the delayed-flowering phenotype tends to be more severe. Further analysis by microarray and qPCR indicated that the expression of FT is down-regulated in both OsbHLH068-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and Atbhlh112 mutant plants, whereas SOC1 but not FT is highly expressed in AtbHLH112-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. A comparative transcriptomic analysis also showed that several stress-responsive genes, such as AtERF15 and AtPUB23, were affected in both OsbHLH068- and AtbHLH112-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Thus, we propose that OsbHLH068 and AtbHLH112 share partially redundant functions in the regulation of abiotic stress responses but have opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis, presumably due to the evolutionary functional divergence of homolog-encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vicki Hsieh-Feng
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Wei Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hsin Lai
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Conti L. Hormonal control of the floral transition: Can one catch them all? Dev Biol 2017; 430:288-301. [PMID: 28351648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transition to flowering marks a key adaptive developmental switch in plants which impacts on their survival and fitness. Different signaling pathways control the floral transition, conveying both endogenous and environmental cues. These cues are often relayed and/or modulated by different hormones, which might confer additional developmental flexibility to the floral process in the face of varying conditions. Among the different hormonal pathways, the phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) plays a dominant role. GA is connected with the other floral pathways through the GA-regulated DELLA proteins, acting as versatile interacting modules for different signaling proteins. In this review, I will highlight the role of DELLAs as spatial and temporal modulators of different consolidated floral pathways. Next, building on recent data, I will provide an update on some emerging themes connecting other hormone signaling cascades to flowering time control. I will finally provide examples for some established as well as potential cross-regulatory mechanisms between hormonal pathways mediated by the DELLA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Conti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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37
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Gol L, Tomé F, von Korff M. Floral transitions in wheat and barley: interactions between photoperiod, abiotic stresses, and nutrient status. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1399-1410. [PMID: 28431134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The timing of plant reproduction has a large impact on yield in crop plants. Reproductive development in temperate cereals comprises two major developmental transitions. During spikelet initiation, the identity of the shoot meristem switches from the vegetative to the reproductive stage and spikelet primordia are formed on the apex. Subsequently, floral morphogenesis is initiated, a process strongly affected by environmental variation. Recent studies in cereal grasses have suggested that this later phase of inflorescence development controls floret survival and abortion, and is therefore crucial for yield. Here, we provide a synthesis of the early morphological and the more recent genetic studies on shoot development in wheat and barley. The review explores how photoperiod, abiotic stress, and nutrient signalling interact with shoot development, and pinpoints genetic factors that mediate development in response to these environmental cues. We anticipate that research in these areas will be important in understanding adaptation of cereal grasses to changing climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Gol
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filipa Tomé
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria von Korff
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Greenham K, Lou P, Puzey JR, Kumar G, Arnevik C, Farid H, Willis JH, McClung CR. Geographic Variation of Plant Circadian Clock Function in Natural and Agricultural Settings. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:26-34. [PMID: 27920227 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416679307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for improved agricultural production will require more efficient breeding for traits that maintain yield under heterogeneous environments. The internal circadian oscillator is essential for perceiving and coordinating environmental cues such as day length, temperature, and abiotic stress responses within physiological processes. To investigate the contribution of the circadian clock to local adaptability, we have analyzed circadian period by leaf movement in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus and domesticated cultivars of Glycine max. We detected consistent variation in circadian period along a latitudinal gradient in annual populations of the wild plant and the selectively bred crop, and this provides novel evidence of natural and artificial selection for circadian performance. These findings provide new support that the circadian clock acts as a central regulator of plant adaptability and further highlight the potential of applying circadian clock gene variation to marker-assisted breeding programs in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Greenham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ping Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Joshua R Puzey
- Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | | | | | - Hany Farid
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - John H Willis
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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39
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Yan G, Liu H, Wang H, Lu Z, Wang Y, Mullan D, Hamblin J, Liu C. Accelerated Generation of Selfed Pure Line Plants for Gene Identification and Crop Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1786. [PMID: 29114254 PMCID: PMC5660708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of pure lines is an important step in biological studies and breeding of many crop plants. The major types of pure lines for biological studies and breeding include doubled haploid (DH) lines, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), and near isogenic lines (NILs). DH lines can be produced through microspore and megaspore culture followed by chromosome doubling while RILs and NILs can be produced through introgressions or repeated selfing of hybrids. DH approach was developed as a quicker method than conventional method to produce pure lines. However, its drawbacks of genotype-dependency and only a single chance of recombination limited its wider application. A recently developed fast generation cycling system (FGCS) achieved similar times to those of DH for the production of selfed pure lines but is more versatile as it is much less genotype-dependent than DH technology and does not restrict recombination to a single event. The advantages and disadvantages of the technologies and their produced pure line populations for different purposes of biological research and breeding are discussed. The development of a concept of complete in vitro meiosis and mitosis system is also proposed. This could integrate with the recently developed technologies of single cell genomic sequencing and genome wide selection, leading to a complete laboratory based pre-breeding scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Yan
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Guijun Yan
| | - Hui Liu
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Haibo Wang
- Hebei Centre of Plant Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhanyuan Lu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Huhhot, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Hebei Province Wheat Engineering Technical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Daniel Mullan
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- InterGrain Pty. Ltd., Bibra Lake, WA, Australia
| | - John Hamblin
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- SuperSeeds Technologies Pty. Ltd., Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chunji Liu
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Riboni M, Robustelli Test A, Galbiati M, Tonelli C, Conti L. ABA-dependent control of GIGANTEA signalling enables drought escape via up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6309-6322. [PMID: 27733440 PMCID: PMC5181575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic response gene GIGANTEA (GI) and the florigen genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF). The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is also required for the DE response, by promoting the transcriptional up-regulation of the florigen genes. The mode of interaction between ABA and the photoperiodic genes remains obscure. In this work we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that ABA modulates GI signalling and consequently its ability to activate the florigen genes. We also reveal that the ABA-dependent activation of FT, but not TSF, requires CONSTANS (CO) and that impairing ABA signalling dramatically reduces the expression of florigen genes with little effect on the CO transcript profile. ABA signalling thus has an impact on the core genes of photoperiodic signalling GI and CO by modulating their downstream function and/or activities rather than their transcript accumulation. In addition, we show that as well as promoting flowering, ABA simultaneously represses flowering, independent of the florigen genes. Genetic analysis indicates that the target of the repressive function of ABA is the flowering-promoting gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), a transcription factor integrating floral cues in the shoot meristem. Our study suggests that variations in ABA signalling provide different developmental information that allows plants to co-ordinate the onset of the reproductive phase according to the available water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riboni
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Robustelli Test
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of BioSciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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41
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Takeno K. Stress-induced flowering: the third category of flowering response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4925-34. [PMID: 27382113 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, i.e. flowering, is the critical event in a plant's life. Flowering is regulated either autonomously or by environmental factors; photoperiodic flowering, which is regulated by the duration of the day and night periods, and vernalization, which is regulated by low temperature, have been well studied. Additionally, it has become clear that stress also regulates flowering. Diverse stress factors can induce or accelerate flowering, or inhibit or delay it, in a wide range of plant species. This article focuses on the positive regulation of flowering via stress, i.e. the induction or acceleration of flowering in response to stress that is known as stress-induced flowering - a new category of flowering response. This review aims to clarify the concept of stress-induced flowering and to summarize the full range of characteristics of stress-induced flowering from a predominately physiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotoshi Takeno
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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42
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Li W, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li Y. Overexpression of soybean miR172c confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress, but increases ABA sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:175-94. [PMID: 26466661 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development and the response to the environment. The miR172 family has been shown to participate in the control of flowering time and the response to abiotic stress. This family regulates the expression of APETALA2 (AP2)-like transcription factors in Arabidopsis. In the present study, soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) miR172c, a member of the miR172 family, and its target gene were investigated for abiotic stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis. gma-miR172c was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatments and abiotic stresses, including salt and water deficit. 5'-RACE (5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assays indicated that miR172c directed Glyma01g39520 mRNA cleavage in soybeans. Overexpression of gma-miR172c in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced leaf water loss and increased survival rate under stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root length, germination rate, and cotyledon greening of transgenic plants were improved during both high salt and water deficit conditions. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA during both the seed germination and post-germination seedling growth stages. Stress-related physiological indicators and the expression of stress/ABA-responsive genes were affected by abiotic treatments. The overexpression of gma-miR172c in Arabidopsis promoted earlier flowering compared with the wild type through modulation of the expression of flowering genes, such as FT and LFY during long days, especially under drought conditions. Glyma01g39520 weakened ABA sensitivity and reduced the tolerance to drought stress in the snz mutant of Arabidopsis by reducing the expression of ABI3 and ABI5. Overall, the present results demonstrate that gma-miR172c confers water deficit and salt tolerance but increased ABA sensitivity by regulating Glyma01g39520, which also accelerates flowering under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Nie S, Li C, Wang Y, Xu L, Muleke EM, Tang M, Sun X, Liu L. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) Associated with Bolting and Flowering in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:682. [PMID: 27252709 PMCID: PMC4877535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The transition of vegetative growth to bolting and flowering is an important process in the life cycle of plants, which is determined by numerous genes forming an intricate network of bolting and flowering. However, no comprehensive identification and profiling of bolting and flowering-related genes have been carried out in radish. In this study, RNA-Seq technology was applied to analyze the differential gene expressions during the transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage in radish. A total of 5922 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 779 up-regulated and 5143 down-regulated genes were isolated. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that some DEGs were involved in hormone signaling pathways and the transcriptional regulation of bolting and flowering. KEGG-based analysis identified 37 DEGs being involved in phytohormone signaling pathways. Moreover, 95 DEGs related to bolting and flowering were identified and integrated into various flowering pathways. Several critical genes including FT, CO, SOC1, FLC, and LFY were characterized and profiled by RT-qPCR analysis. Correlation analysis indicated that 24 miRNA-DEG pairs were involved in radish bolting and flowering. Finally, a miRNA-DEG-based schematic model of bolting and flowering regulatory network was proposed in radish. These outcomes provided significant insights into genetic control of radish bolting and flowering, and would facilitate unraveling molecular regulatory mechanism underlying bolting and flowering in root vegetable crops.
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Kazan K, Lyons R. The link between flowering time and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:47-60. [PMID: 26428061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary success in plants is largely dependent on the successful transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In the lifetime of a plant, flowering is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be vulnerable to environmental stresses. Exposure to stress during this period can cause substantial yield losses in seed-producing plants. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that altering flowering time is an evolutionary strategy adopted by plants to maximize the chances of reproduction under diverse stress conditions, ranging from pathogen infection to heat, salinity, and drought. Here, recent studies that have revealed new insights into how biotic and abiotic stress signals can be integrated into floral pathways are reviewed. A better understanding of how complex environmental variables affect plant phenology is important for future genetic manipulation of crops to increase productivity under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lyons
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Franks SJ, Perez-Sweeney B, Strahl M, Nowogrodzki A, Weber JJ, Lalchan R, Jordan KP, Litt A. Variation in the flowering time orthologs BrFLC and BrSOC1 in a natural population of Brassica rapa. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1339. [PMID: 26644966 PMCID: PMC4671188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation is of great importance, particularly since selection can act on this variation to cause evolution. We examined expression and allelic variation in candidate flowering time loci in Brassica rapa plants derived from a natural population and showing a broad range in the timing of first flowering. The loci of interest were orthologs of the Arabidopsis genes FLC and SOC1 (BrFLC and BrSOC1, respectively), which in Arabidopsis play a central role in the flowering time regulatory network, with FLC repressing and SOC1 promoting flowering. In B. rapa, there are four copies of FLC and three of SOC1. Plants were grown in controlled conditions in the lab. Comparisons were made between plants that flowered the earliest and latest, with the difference in average flowering time between these groups ∼30 days. As expected, we found that total expression of BrSOC1 paralogs was significantly greater in early than in late flowering plants. Paralog-specific primers showed that expression was greater in early flowering plants in the BrSOC1 paralogs Br004928, Br00393 and Br009324, although the difference was not significant in Br009324. Thus expression of at least 2 of the 3 BrSOC1 orthologs is consistent with their predicted role in flowering time in this natural population. Sequences of the promoter regions of the BrSOC1 orthologs were variable, but there was no association between allelic variation at these loci and flowering time variation. For the BrFLC orthologs, expression varied over time, but did not differ between the early and late flowering plants. The coding regions, promoter regions and introns of these genes were generally invariant. Thus the BrFLC orthologs do not appear to influence flowering time in this population. Overall, the results suggest that even for a trait like flowering time that is controlled by a very well described genetic regulatory network, understanding the underlying genetic basis of natural variation in such a quantitative trait is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University , Bronx, NY , United States of America ; Pfizer Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden , Bronx, NY , United States of America
| | - Beatriz Perez-Sweeney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University , Bronx, NY , United States of America ; Center for Education Outreach, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , United States of America
| | - Maya Strahl
- Pfizer Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden , Bronx, NY , United States of America ; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Mt. Sinai Hospital , New York, NY , United States of America
| | - Anna Nowogrodzki
- Pfizer Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden , Bronx, NY , United States of America ; Comparative Media Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , United States of America
| | - Jennifer J Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University , Bronx, NY , United States of America ; Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale , Carbondale, IL , United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lalchan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University , Bronx, NY , United States of America
| | - Kevin P Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University , Bronx, NY , United States of America
| | - Amy Litt
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, The University of California , Riverside, CA , United States of America
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Zhai Q, Zhang X, Wu F, Feng H, Deng L, Xu L, Zhang M, Wang Q, Li C. Transcriptional Mechanism of Jasmonate Receptor COI1-Mediated Delay of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2814-28. [PMID: 26410299 PMCID: PMC4682329 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time of plants must be tightly regulated to maximize reproductive success. Plants have evolved sophisticated signaling network to coordinate the timing of flowering in response to their ever-changing environmental conditions. Besides being a key immune signal, the lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonate (JA) also regulates a wide range of developmental processes including flowering time. Here, we report that the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-dependent signaling pathway delays the flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting the expression of the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the APETALA2 transcription factors (TFs) TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1) and TOE2 interact with a subset of JAZ (jasmonate-ZIM domain) proteins and repress the transcription of FT. Our results support a scenario that, when plants encounter stress conditions, bioactive JA promotes COI1-dependent degradation of JAZs. Degradation of the JAZ repressors liberates the transcriptional function of the TOEs to repress the expression of FT and thereby triggers the signaling cascades to delay flowering. Our study identified interacting pairs of TF and JAZ transcriptional regulators that underlie JA-mediated regulation of flowering, suggesting that JA signals are converted into specific context-dependent responses by matching pairs of TF and JAZ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Investigating the Association between Flowering Time and Defense in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum Interaction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127699. [PMID: 26034991 PMCID: PMC4452756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogens either by investing more resources into immunity which is costly to development, or by accelerating reproductive processes such as flowering time to ensure reproduction occurs before the plant succumbs to disease. In this study we explored the link between flowering time and pathogen defense using the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the root infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. We report that F. oxysporum infection accelerates flowering time and regulates transcription of a number of floral integrator genes, including FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and GIGANTEA (GI). Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between late flowering and resistance to F. oxysporum in A. thaliana natural ecotypes. Late-flowering gi and autonomous pathway mutants also exhibited enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum, supporting the association between flowering time and defense. However, epistasis analysis showed that accelerating flowering time by deletion of FLC in fve-3 or fpa-7 mutants did not alter disease resistance, suggesting that the effect of autonomous pathway on disease resistance occurs independently from flowering time. Indeed, RNA-seq analyses suggest that fve-3 mediated resistance to F. oxysporum is most likely a result of altered defense-associated gene transcription. Together, our results indicate that the association between flowering time and pathogen defense is complex and can involve both pleiotropic and direct effects.
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Krämer U. Planting molecular functions in an ecological context with Arabidopsis thaliana. eLife 2015; 4:e06100. [PMID: 25807084 PMCID: PMC4373673 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana is a central genetic model and universal reference organism in plant and crop science. The successful integration of different fields of research in the study of A. thaliana has made a large contribution to our molecular understanding of key concepts in biology. The availability and active development of experimental tools and resources, in combination with the accessibility of a wealth of cumulatively acquired knowledge about this plant, support the most advanced systems biology approaches among all land plants. Research in molecular ecology and evolution has also brought the natural history of A. thaliana into the limelight. This article showcases our current knowledge of the natural history of A. thaliana from the perspective of the most closely related plant species, providing an evolutionary framework for interpreting novel findings and for developing new hypotheses based on our knowledge of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krämer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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