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Gkantaras A, Kotzamanidis C, Kyriakidis K, Farmaki E, Makedou K, Tzimagiorgis G, Bekeschus S, Malousi A. Multi-Cohort Transcriptomic Profiling of Medical Gas Plasma-Treated Cancers Reveals the Role of Immunogenic Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2186. [PMID: 38927892 PMCID: PMC11201794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of cold physical gas plasma operated at atmospheric pressure in oncology has been thoroughly demonstrated in numerous preclinical studies. The cytotoxic effect on malignant cells has been attributed mainly to biologically active plasma-generated compounds, namely, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species interferes strongly with the antioxidant defense system of malignant cells, activating multiple signaling cascades and inevitably leading to oxidative stress-induced cell death. This study aims to determine whether plasma-induced cancer cell death operates through a universal molecular mechanism that is independent of the cancer cell type. Using whole transcriptome data, we sought to investigate the activation mechanism of plasma-treated samples in patient-derived prostate cell cultures, melanoma, breast, lymphoma, and lung cancer cells. The results from the standardized single-cohort gene expression analysis and parallel multi-cohort meta-analysis strongly indicate that plasma treatment globally induces cancer cell death through immune-mediated mechanisms, such as interleukin signaling, Toll-like receptor cascades, and MyD88 activation leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine release and tumor antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Gkantaras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.G.); (K.M.); (G.T.)
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | | | - Evangelia Farmaki
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.G.); (K.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.G.); (K.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andigoni Malousi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.G.); (K.M.); (G.T.)
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2
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Boscaro C, Schimdt G, Cignarella A, Dal Maso L, Bolego C, Trevisi L. The antiangiogenic effect of digitoxin is dependent on a ROS-elicited RhoA/ROCK pathway activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116049. [PMID: 38342347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We previously showed that digitoxin inhibits angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation and migration and these effects were associated to protein tyrosine kinase 2 (FAK) inhibition. Considering the interactions between FAK and Rho GTPases regulating cell cytoskeleton and movement, we investigated the involvement of RhoA and Rac1 in the antiangiogenic effect of digitoxin. Phalloidin staining of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed the formation of stress fibers in cells treated with 10 nM digitoxin. By Rhotekin- and Pak1- pull down assays, detecting the GTP-bound form of GTPases, we observed that digitoxin (10-25 nM) induced sustained (0.5-6 h) RhoA activation with no effect on Rac1. Furthermore, inhibition of HUVEC migration and capillary-like tube formation by digitoxin was counteracted by hindering RhoA-ROCK axis with RhoA silencing or Y-27632 treatment. Digitoxin did not decrease p190RhoGAP phosphorylation at Tyr1105 (a site targeted by FAK), suggesting that RhoA activation was independent from FAK inhibition. Because increasing evidence points to a redox regulation of RhoA, we measured intracellular ROS and found that digitoxin treatment enhanced ROS levels in a concentration-dependent manner (1-25 nM). Notably, the flavoprotein inhibitor DPI or the pan-NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor VAS-2870 antagonized both ROS increase and RhoA activation by digitoxin. Our results provide evidence that inhibition of HUVEC migration and tube formation by digitoxin is dependent on ROS production by endothelial NOX, which leads to the activation of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Digitoxin effects on proteins regulating cytoskeletal organization and cell motility could have a wider impact on cancer progression, beyond the antiangiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudula Schimdt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Dal Maso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Wu Z, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Fang C, Zheng W, Zhao Z, Zhang N, Yang X. Rhogef17: A novel target for endothelial barrier function. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115983. [PMID: 38134633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHGEF17 encodes the protein RhoGEF17, which is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that accelerates the exchange of GDP with GTP on many small GTPases through its Dbl homology (DH) domain, enabling the activation of Rho-GTPases such as RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. Rho GTPase-regulated changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion kinetics are the main mechanisms mediating many endothelial cell (EC) alterations, including cell morphology, migration, and division changes, which profoundly affect EC barrier function. This review focuses on ARHGEF17 expression, activation and biological functions in ECs, linking its regulation of cellular morphology, migration, mitosis and other cellular behaviors to disease onset and progression. Understanding ARHGEF17 mechanisms of action will contribute to the design of therapeutic approaches targeting RhoGEF17, a potential drug target for the treatment of various endothelium-related diseases, Such as vascular inflammation, carcinogenesis and transendothelial metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanlei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wen Zheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zilin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Alam SMS, Watanabe Y, Steeno BL, Dutta S, Szilagyi HA, Wei A, Suter DM. Neuronal NADPH oxidase is required for neurite regeneration of Aplysia bag cell neurons. J Neurochem 2023; 167:505-519. [PMID: 37818836 PMCID: PMC10842957 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is involved in neurodegeneration after injury and disease. Nox is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and contributes to an elevated ROS level after injury. Contrary to the well-known damaging effect of Nox-derived ROS in neurodegeneration, recently a physiological role of Nox in nervous system development including neurogenesis, neuronal polarity, and axonal growth has been revealed. Here, we tested a role for neuronal Nox in neurite regeneration following mechanical transection in cultured Aplysia bag cell neurons. Using a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-sensing dye, 5'-(p-borophenyl)-2'-pyridylthiazole pinacol ester (BPPT), we found that H2 O2 levels are elevated in regenerating growth cones following injury. Redistribution of Nox2 and p40phox in the growth cone central domain suggests Nox2 activation after injury. Inhibiting Nox with the pan-Nox inhibitor celastrol reduced neurite regeneration rate. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox is correlated with reduced activation of Src2 tyrosine kinase and F-actin content in the growth cone. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nox-derived ROS regulate neurite regeneration following injury through Src2-mediated regulation of actin organization in Aplysia growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Sabbir Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brooke L. Steeno
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Soumyajit Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Halie A. Szilagyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M. Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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5
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Nakao LS, Olson MF, Vázquez-Medina JP, Valdivia A. Editorial: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling during cytoskeleton dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1295263. [PMID: 37860818 PMCID: PMC10583542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1295263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lia S. Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Bartos K, Ramakrishnan SK, Braga-Lagache S, Hänzi B, Durussel F, Prakash Sridharan A, Zhu Y, Sheehan D, Hynes NE, Bonny O, Moor MB. Renal FGF23 signaling depends on redox protein Memo1 and promotes orthovanadate-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:705-722. [PMID: 36434320 PMCID: PMC10409928 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Memo1 deletion in mice causes premature aging and an unbalanced metabolism partially resembling Fgf23 and Klotho loss-of-function animals. We report a role for Memo's redox function in renal FGF23-Klotho signaling using mice with postnatally induced Memo deficiency in the whole body (cKO). Memo cKO mice showed impaired FGF23-driven renal ERK phosphorylation and transcriptional responses. FGF23 actions involved activation of oxidation-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatases in the kidney. Redox proteomics revealed excessive thiols of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (Rho-GDI1) in Memo cKO, and we detected a functional interaction between Memo's redox function and oxidation at Rho-GDI1 Cys79. In isolated cellular systems, Rho-GDI1 did not directly affect FGF23-driven cell signaling, but we detected disturbed Rho-GDI1 dependent small Rho-GTPase protein abundance and activity in the kidney of Memo cKO mice. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown layers in the regulation of renal FGF23 signaling and connects Memo with the network of small Rho-GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Bartos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suresh Krishna Ramakrishnan
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hänzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Durussel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arjun Prakash Sridharan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yao Zhu
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Sheehan
- Proteomic Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Moor
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Kim M, Hwang S, Kim B, Shin S, Yang S, Gwak J, Jeong SM. YAP governs cellular adaptation to perturbation of glutamine metabolism by regulating ATF4-mediated stress response. Oncogene 2023; 42:2828-2840. [PMID: 37591953 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells have metabolic dependence on glutamine to fuel anabolic pathways and to refill the mitochondrial carbon pool. The Hippo pathway is essential for coordinating cell survival and growth with nutrient availability, but no molecular connection to glutamine deprivation has been reported. Here, we identify a non-canonical role of YAP, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, in cellular adaptation to perturbation of glutamine metabolism. Whereas YAP is inhibited by nutrient scarcity, enabling cells to restrain proliferation and to maintain energy homeostasis, glutamine shortage induces a rapid YAP dephosphorylation and activation. Upon glutaminolysis inhibition, an increased reactive oxygen species production inhibits LATS kinase via RhoA, leading to YAP dephosphorylation. Activated YAP promotes transcriptional induction of ATF4 to induce the expression of genes involved in amino acid homeostasis, including Sestrin2. We found that YAP-mediated Sestrin2 induction is crucial for cell viability during glutamine deprivation by suppressing mTORC1. Thus, a critical relationship between YAP, ATF4, and mTORC1 is uncovered by our findings. Finally, our data indicate that targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway in combination with glutaminolysis inhibition may provide potential therapeutic approaches to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsook Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Gwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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9
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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10
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Role of a small GTPase Cdc42 in aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:27-46. [PMID: 36598630 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A small GTPase, Cdc42 is evolutionarily one of the most ancient members of the Rho family, which is ubiquitously expressed and involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions. The crucial role of Cdc42 includes regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity, morphology and migration, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell cycle, and proliferation in many different cell types. Many studies have provided compelling yet contradicting evidence that Cdc42 dysregulation plays an important role in cellular and tissue aging. Furthermore, Cdc42 is a critical factor in the development and progression of aging-related pathologies, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes type 2, and aging-related disorders of the joints and bones, and the inhibition of the Cdc42 demonstrates potentially significant therapeutic and anti-aging effects in animal models of aging and disease. However, regulation of Cdc42 expression and activity is very complex and depends on many factors, such as the origin and complexity of the tissues, hormonal status, etc. Therefore, this review is focused on current advances in understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with Cdc42 activity and regulation of senescence in different cell types since they may provide a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs to reverse the aging process and treat aging-associated disorders.
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11
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Expression plasticity regulates intraspecific variation in the acclimatization potential of a reef-building coral. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4790. [PMID: 35970904 PMCID: PMC9378650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is an important ecological and evolutionary response for organisms experiencing environmental change, but the ubiquity of this capacity within coral species and across symbiont communities is unknown. We exposed ten genotypes of the reef-building coral Montipora capitata with divergent symbiont communities to four thermal pre-exposure profiles and quantified gene expression before stress testing 4 months later. Here we show two pre-exposure profiles significantly enhance thermal tolerance despite broadly different expression patterns and substantial variation in acclimatization potential based on coral genotype. There was no relationship between a genotype’s basal thermal sensitivity and ability to acquire heat tolerance, including in corals harboring naturally tolerant symbionts, which illustrates the potential for additive improvements in coral response to climate change. These results represent durable improvements from short-term stress hardening of reef-building corals and substantial cryptic complexity in the capacity for plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is an important response for organisms experiencing climate change. Here, Drury et al. show that stress-hardening can produce durable improvements in coral thermal tolerance, masking substantial variation between individuals.
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12
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Huynh MV, Parsonage D, Forshaw TE, Chirasani VR, Hobbs GA, Wu H, Lee J, Furdui CM, Poole LB, Campbell SL. Oncogenic KRAS G12C: Kinetic and redox characterization of covalent inhibition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102186. [PMID: 35753348 PMCID: PMC9352912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of mutant-selective inhibitors for the oncogenic KRASG12C allele has generated considerable excitement. These inhibitors covalently engage the mutant C12 thiol located within the phosphoryl binding loop of RAS, locking the KRASG12C protein in an inactive state. While clinical trials of these inhibitors have been promising, mechanistic questions regarding the reactivity of this thiol remain. Here, we show by NMR and an independent biochemical assay that the pKa of the C12 thiol is depressed (pKa ∼7.6), consistent with susceptibility to chemical ligation. Using a validated fluorescent KRASY137W variant amenable to stopped-flow spectroscopy, we characterized the kinetics of KRASG12C fluorescence changes upon addition of ARS-853 or AMG 510, noting that at low temperatures, ARS-853 addition elicited both a rapid first phase of fluorescence change (attributed to binding, Kd = 36.0 ± 0.7 μM) and a second, slower pH-dependent phase, taken to represent covalent ligation. Consistent with the lower pKa of the C12 thiol, we found that reversible and irreversible oxidation of KRASG12C occurred readily both in vitro and in the cellular environment, preventing the covalent binding of ARS-853. Moreover, we found that oxidation of the KRASG12C Cys12 to a sulfinate altered RAS conformation and dynamics to be more similar to KRASG12D in comparison to the unmodified protein, as assessed by molecular dynamics simulations. Taken together, these findings provide insight for future KRASG12C drug discovery efforts, and identify the occurrence of G12C oxidation with currently unknown biological ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh V Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tom E Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - G Aaron Hobbs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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13
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Sarid L, Zanditenas E, Ye J, Trebicz-Geffen M, Ankri S. Insights into the Mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus Activity against Entamoeba histolytica by Using Thiol Redox Proteomics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:814. [PMID: 35624678 PMCID: PMC9137826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that has antimicrobial properties against a number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the amebicide activity of L. acidophilus and its mechanisms. For this purpose, E. histolytica and L. acidophilus were co-incubated and the parasite's viability was determined by eosin dye exclusion. The level of ozidized proteins (OXs) in the parasite was determined by resin-assisted capture RAC (OX-RAC). Incubation with L. acidophilus for two hours reduced the viability of E. histolytica trophozoites by 50%. As a result of the interaction with catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen, this amebicide activity is lost, indicating that it is mediated by H2O2 produced by L. acidophilus. Redox proteomics shows that L. acidophilus triggers the oxidation of many essential amebic enzymes such as pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the lectin Gal/GalNAc, and cysteine proteases (CPs). Further, trophozoites of E. histolytica incubated with L. acidophilus show reduced binding to mammalian cells. These results support L. acidophilus as a prophylactic candidate against amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.S.); (E.Z.); (J.Y.); (M.T.-G.)
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14
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Oliveira AL, Medeiros ML, de Oliveira MG, Teixeira CJ, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Enhanced RAGE Expression and Excess Reactive-Oxygen Species Production Mediates Rho Kinase-Dependent Detrusor Overactivity After Methylglyoxal Exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860342. [PMID: 35418871 PMCID: PMC8996136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound implicated in diabetes-associated diseases. In vascular tissues, MGO induces the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that bounds its receptor RAGE, initiating the downstream tissue injury. Outside the cardiovascular system, MGO intake produces mouse voiding dysfunction and bladder overactivity. We have sought that MGO-induced bladder overactivity is due to activation of AGE-RAGE-reactive-oxygen species (ROS) signaling cascade, leading to Rho kinase activation. Therefore, female mice received 0.5% MGO orally for 12 weeks, after which in vitro bladder contractions were evaluated in the presence or not of superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) or the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Treatment with MGO significantly elevated the serum levels of MGO and fluorescent AGEs, as well as the RAGE immunostaining in the urothelium, detrusor, and vascular endothelium. RAGE mRNA expression in the bladder was also higher in the MGO group. Methylglyoxal significantly increased the ROS production in both urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle, with the increases in detrusor markedly higher than urothelium. The bladder activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly reduced in the MGO group. Gene expressions of L-type Ca2+ channels, RhoA, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2 in bladder tissues were significantly elevated in the MGO group. Increased bladder contractions to electrical-field stimulation, carbachol α,β-methylene ATP, and extracellular Ca2+ were observed after MGO exposure, which was significantly reduced by prior incubation with either PEG-SOD or Y27632. Overall, our data indicate serum MGO accumulation elevates the AGEs levels and activates the RAGE-ROS signaling leading to Rho kinase-induced muscle sensitization, ultimately leading to detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila L Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus L Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Ardoña HAM, Zimmerman JF, Shani K, Kim SH, Eweje F, Bitounis D, Parviz D, Casalino E, Strano M, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Differential modulation of endothelial cytoplasmic protrusions after exposure to graphene-family nanomaterials. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100401. [PMID: 35560286 PMCID: PMC9812361 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials offer the benefit of having systematically tunable physicochemical characteristics (e.g., size, dimensionality, and surface chemistry) that highly dictate the biological activity of a material. Among the most promising engineered nanomaterials to date are graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs), which are 2-D nanomaterials (2DNMs) with unique electrical and mechanical properties. Beyond engineering new nanomaterial properties, employing safety-by-design through considering the consequences of cell-material interactions is essential for exploring their applicability in the biomedical realm. In this study, we asked the effect of GFNs on the endothelial barrier function and cellular architecture of vascular endothelial cells. Using micropatterned cell pairs as a reductionist in vitro model of the endothelium, the progression of cytoskeletal reorganization as a function of GFN surface chemistry and time was quantitatively monitored. Here, we show that the surface oxidation of GFNs (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, partially reduced graphene oxide, and graphene oxide) differentially affect the endothelial barrier at multiple scales; from the biochemical pathways that influence the development of cellular protrusions to endothelial barrier integrity. More oxidized GFNs induce higher endothelial permeability and the increased formation of cytoplasmic protrusions such as filopodia. We found that these changes in cytoskeletal organization, along with barrier function, can be potentiated by the effect of GFNs on the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway. Specifically, GFNs with higher surface oxidation elicit stronger ROCK2 inhibitory behavior as compared to pristine graphene sheets. Overall, findings from these studies offer a new perspective towards systematically controlling the surface-dependent effects of GFNs on cytoskeletal organization via ROCK2 inhibition, providing insight for implementing safety-by-design principles in GFN manufacturing towards their targeted biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - John F Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Kevin Shani
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan Casalino
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Michael Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA.
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16
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li X, Cao Z, Mo Q, Sheng R, Ling C, Chi J, Yao Q, Chen J, Wang H. Multifunctional polyphenol-based silk hydrogel alleviates oxidative stress and enhances endogenous regeneration of osteochondral defects. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100251. [PMID: 35469254 PMCID: PMC9034395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteochondral defects, oxidative stress caused by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can disrupt the normal endogenous repair process. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel composed of silk fibroin (SF) and tannic acid (TA), the FDA-approved ingredients, was developed to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance osteochondral regeneration. In this proposed hydrogel, SF first interacts with TA to form a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure, which is subsequently enzymatically crosslinked to form a stable hydrogel. Furthermore, TA had multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups that formed interactions with the therapeutic molecule E7 peptide for controlled drug delivery. In vitro investigations showed that SF-TA and SF-TA-E7 hydrogels exhibited a multitude of biological effects including scavenging of ROS, maintaining cell viability, and promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against oxidative stress. The proteomic analysis indicated that SF-TA and SF-TA-E7 hydrogels suppressed oxidative stress, which in turn improved cell proliferation in multiple proliferation and apoptosis-related pathways. In rabbit osteochondral defect model, SF-TA and SF-TA-E7 hydrogels promoted enhanced regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone as compared to hydrogel without TA incorporation. These findings indicated that the multifunctional SF-TA hydrogel provided a microenvironment suitable for the endogenous regeneration of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
- Corresponding author. School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhicheng Cao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Mo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Renwang Sheng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Chi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
- Corresponding author. School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Corresponding author. School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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18
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Hurst M, McGarry DJ, Olson MF. Rho GTPases: Non-canonical regulation by cysteine oxidation. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100152. [PMID: 34889471 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are critically important and are centrally positioned regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By influencing the organization and architecture of the cytoskeleton, Rho proteins play prominent roles in many cellular processes including adhesion, migration, intra-cellular transportation, and proliferation. The most important method of Rho GTPase regulation is via the GTPase cycle; however, post-translational modifications (PTMs) also play critical roles in Rho protein regulation. Relative to other PTMs such as lipidation or phosphorylation that have been extensively characterized, protein oxidation is a regulatory PTM that has been poorly studied. Protein oxidation primarily occurs from the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), with amino acid side chain thiols on cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues. The versatile redox modifications of cysteine residues exemplify their integral role in cell signalling processes. Here we review prominent members of the Rho GTPase family and discuss how lipidation, phosphorylation, and oxidation on conserved cysteine residues affects their regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Post-Translational Modification and Subcellular Compartmentalization: Emerging Concepts on the Regulation and Physiopathological Relevance of RhoGTPases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081990. [PMID: 34440759 PMCID: PMC8393718 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues are continuously exposed to both chemical and physical stimuli and dynamically adapt and respond to this variety of external cues to ensure cellular homeostasis, regulated development and tissue-specific differentiation. Alterations of these pathways promote disease progression-a prominent example being cancer. Rho GTPases are key regulators of the remodeling of cytoskeleton and cell membranes and their coordination and integration with different biological processes, including cell polarization and motility, as well as other signaling networks such as growth signaling and proliferation. Apart from the control of GTP-GDP cycling, Rho GTPase activity is spatially and temporally regulated by post-translation modifications (PTMs) and their assembly onto specific protein complexes, which determine their controlled activity at distinct cellular compartments. Although Rho GTPases were traditionally conceived as targeted from the cytosol to the plasma membrane to exert their activity, recent research demonstrates that active pools of different Rho GTPases also localize to endomembranes and the nucleus. In this review, we discuss how PTM-driven modulation of Rho GTPases provides a versatile mechanism for their compartmentalization and functional regulation. Understanding how the subcellular sorting of active small GTPase pools occurs and what its functional significance is could reveal novel therapeutic opportunities.
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20
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Pleiotropic and Potentially Beneficial Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060904. [PMID: 34205032 PMCID: PMC8229098 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to molecular dioxygen and its derivative reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are now well established as important signaling messengers. Excessive production of ROS, however, results in oxidative stress, a significant contributor to the development of numerous diseases. Here, we analyze the experimental data and theoretical concepts concerning positive pro-survival effects of ROS on signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Our analysis of the available experimental data suggests possible positive roles of ROS in induction of pro-survival pathways, downstream of the Gi-protein-coupled receptors, which mimics insulin signaling and prevention or improvement of the endothelial dysfunction. It is, however, doubtful, whether ROS can contribute to the stabilization of the endothelial barrier.
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22
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Bortoluzzi VT, Dutra Filho CS, Wannmacher CMD. Oxidative stress in phenylketonuria-evidence from human studies and animal models, and possible implications for redox signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:523-543. [PMID: 33580861 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the commonest inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Before mass neonatal screening was possible, and the success of introducing diet therapy right after birth, the typical clinical finds in patients ranged from intellectual disability, epilepsy, motor deficits to behavioral disturbances and other neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Since early diagnosis and treatment became widespread, usually only those patients who do not strictly follow the diet present psychiatric, less severe symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep pattern disturbance, and concentration and memory problems. Despite the success of low protein intake in preventing otherwise severe outcomes, PKU's underlying neuropathophysiology remains to be better elucidated. Oxidative stress has gained acceptance as a disturbance implicated in the pathogenesis of PKU. The conception of oxidative stress has evolved to comprehend how it could interfere and ultimately modulate metabolic pathways regulating cell function. We summarize the evidence of oxidative damage, as well as compromised antioxidant defenses, from patients, animal models of PKU, and in vitro experiments, discussing the possible clinical significance of these findings. There are many studies on oxidative stress and PKU, but only a few went further than showing macromolecular damage and disturbance of antioxidant defenses. In this review, we argue that these few studies may point that oxidative stress may also disturb redox signaling in PKU, an aspect few authors have explored so far. The reported effect of phenylalanine on the expression or activity of enzymes participating in metabolic pathways known to be responsive to redox signaling might be mediated through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Trindade Bortoluzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Severo Dutra Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil
| | - Clovis Milton Duval Wannmacher
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil
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Dai W, Xie S, Chen C, Choi BH. Ras sumoylation in cell signaling and transformation. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:301-309. [PMID: 33812985 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ras proteins are small GTPases that participate in multiple signal cascades, regulating crucial cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations or deregulated activities of Ras are frequently the driving force for oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in mediating the stability, activity, or subcellular localization/trafficking of numerous cellular regulators including Ras proteins. A series of recent studies reveal that Ras proteins are also regulated by sumoylation. All three Ras protein isoforms (HRas, KRas, and NRas) are modified by SUMO3. The conserved lysine42 appears to be the primary site for mediating sumoylation. Expression of KRasV12/R42 mutants compromised the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling axis, leading to a reduced rate of cell migration and invasion in vitro in multiple cell lines. Moreover, treatment of transformed pancreatic cells with a SUMO E2 inhibitor blocks cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, which is associated with a reduced level of both KRas sumoylation and expression of mesenchymal cell markers. Furthermore, mouse xenograft experiments reveal that expression of a SUMO-resistant mutant appears to suppress tumor development in vivo. Combined, these studies indicate that sumoylation functions as an important mechanism in mediating the roles of Ras in cell proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation and that the SUMO-modification system of Ras oncoproteins can be explored as a new druggable target for various human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, USA
| | - Suqing Xie
- Institute of Pathology, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Changyan Chen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Byeong Hyeok Choi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, USA.
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Shiraishi Y, Ishigami N, Kujiraoka T, Sato A, Fujita M, Ido Y, Adachi T. Deletion of Superoxide Dismutase 1 Blunted Inflammatory Aortic Remodeling in Hypertensive Mice under Angiotensin II Infusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030471. [PMID: 33809716 PMCID: PMC8002308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of two superoxide anions (O2·−) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) and is generally known to protect against oxidative stress. Angiotensin II (AngII) causes vascular hypertrophic remodeling which is associated with H2O2 generation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cytosolic SOD (SOD1) in AngII-induced vascular hypertrophy. We employed C57/BL6 mice (WT) and SOD1 deficient mice (SOD1−/−) with the same background. They received a continuous infusion of saline or AngII (3.2 mg/kg/day) for seven days. The blood pressures were equally elevated at 1.5 times with AngII, however, vascular hypertrophy was blunted in SOD1−/− mice compared to WT mice (WT mice 91.9 ± 1.13 µm versus SOD1−/− mice 68.4 ± 1.41 µm p < 0.001). The elevation of aortic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and phosphorylation of pro-inflammatory STAT3 due to AngII were also blunted in SOD1−/− mice’s aortas. In cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), reducing expression of SOD1 with siRNA decreased AngII induced IL-6 release as well as phosphorylation of STAT3. Pre-incubation with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase also attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 due to AngII. These results indicate that SOD1 in VSMCs plays a role in vascular hypertrophy due to increased inflammation caused by AngII, probably via the production of cytosolic H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2995-1626
| | - Norio Ishigami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Takehiko Kujiraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Masanori Fujita
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
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Abstract
A number of diseases and conditions have been associated with prolonged or persistent exposure to non-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ROS underproduction due to loss-of-function mutations in superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generating enzymes is a risk factor or causative for certain diseases. However, ROS are required for basic cell functions; in particular the diffusible second messenger H2O2 that serves as signaling molecule in redox processes. This activity sets H2O2 apart from highly reactive oxygen radicals and influences the approach to drug discovery, clinical utility, and therapeutic intervention. Here we review the chemical and biological fundamentals of ROS with emphasis on H2O2 as a signaling conduit and initiator of redox relays and propose an integrated view of physiological versus non-physiological reactive species. Therapeutic interventions that target persistently altered ROS levels should include both selective inhibition of a specific source of primary ROS and careful consideration of a targeted pro-oxidant approach, an avenue that is still underdeveloped. Both strategies require attention to redox dynamics in complex cellular systems, integration of the overall spatiotemporal cellular environment, and target validation to yield effective and safe therapeutics. The only professional primary ROS producers are NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5, DUOX1-2). Many other enzymes, e.g., xanthine oxidase (XO), monoamine oxidases (MAO), lysyl oxidases (LO), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX), produce superoxide and H2O2 secondary to their primary metabolic function. Superoxide is too reactive to disseminate, but H2O2 is diffusible, only limited by adjacent PRDXs or GPXs, and can be apically secreted and imported into cells through aquaporin (AQP) channels. H2O2 redox signaling includes oxidation of the active site thiol in protein tyrosine phosphatases, which will inhibit their activity and thereby increase tyrosine phosphorylation on target proteins. Essential functions include the oxidative burst by NOX2 as antimicrobial innate immune response; gastrointestinal NOX1 and DUOX2 generating low H2O2 concentrations sufficient to trigger antivirulence mechanisms; and thyroidal DUOX2 essential for providing H2O2 reduced by TPO to oxidize iodide to an iodinating form which is then attached to tyrosyls in TG. Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in TPO or DUOX2 cause congenital hypothyroidism and LoF variants in the NOX2 complex chronic granulomatous disease.
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Cheng C, Seen D, Zheng C, Zeng R, Li E. Role of Small GTPase RhoA in DNA Damage Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:212. [PMID: 33546351 PMCID: PMC7913530 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested a role of the small GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) in DNA damage response (DDR) in addition to its traditional function of regulating cell morphology. In DDR, 2 key components of DNA repair, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1), along with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to regulate RhoA activation. In addition, Rho-specific guanine exchange factors (GEFs), neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (Net1) and epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (Ect2), have specific functions in DDR, and they also participate in Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/RhoA interaction, a process which is largely unappreciated yet possibly of significance in DDR. Downstream of RhoA, current evidence has highlighted its role in mediating cell cycle arrest, which is an important step in DNA repair. Unraveling the mechanism by which RhoA modulates DDR may provide more insight into DDR itself and may aid in the future development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong, China; (C.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
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27
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Balta E, Kramer J, Samstag Y. Redox Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Cell Migration and Adhesion: On the Way to a Spatiotemporal View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618261. [PMID: 33585453 PMCID: PMC7875868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic, fibrous network that is regulated by the concerted action of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). In particular, rapid polarization of cells in response to internal and external stimuli is fundamental to cell migration and invasion. Various isoforms of ABPs in different tissues equip cells with variable degrees of migratory and adhesive capacities. In addition, regulation of ABPs by posttranslational modifications (PTM) is pivotal to the rapid responsiveness of cells. In this context, phosphorylation of ABPs and its functional consequences have been studied extensively. However, the study of reduction/oxidation (redox) modifications of oxidation-sensitive cysteine and methionine residues of actin, ABPs, adhesion molecules, and signaling proteins regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics has only recently emerged as a field. The relevance of such protein oxidations to cellular physiology and pathophysiology has remained largely elusive. Importantly, studying protein oxidation spatiotemporally can provide novel insights into localized redox regulation of cellular functions. In this review, we focus on the redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, its challenges, and recently developed tools to study its physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kramer
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Nunes KP, Webb RC. New insights into RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling: a key regulator of vascular contraction. Small GTPases 2020; 12:458-469. [PMID: 32970516 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1822721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While Rho-signalling controlling vascular contraction is a canonical mechanism, with the modern approaches used in research, we are advancing our understanding and details into this pathway are often uncovered. RhoA-mediated Rho-kinase is the major regulator of vascular smooth muscle cells and a key player manoeuvring other functions in these cells. The discovery of new interactions, such as oxidative stress and hydrogen sulphide with Rho signalling are emerging addition not only in the physiology of the smooth muscle, but especially in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Likewise, the interplay between ageing and Rho-kinase in the vasculature has been recently considered. Importantly, in smooth muscle contraction, this pathway may also be affected by sex hormones, and consequently, sex-differences. This review provides an overview of Rho signalling mediating vascular contraction and focuses on recent topics discussed in the literature affecting this pathway such as ageing, sex differences and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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29
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Brenig K, Grube L, Schwarzländer M, Köhrer K, Stühler K, Poschmann G. The Proteomic Landscape of Cysteine Oxidation That Underpins Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1923-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brenig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Grube
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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30
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Shaulov Y, Nagaraja S, Sarid L, Trebicz-Geffen M, Ankri S. Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins in Entamoeba histolytica exposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13174. [PMID: 32017328 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MNZ), the first line drug for amoebiasis and auranofin (AF), an emerging antiprotozoan drug, are both inhibiting Entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase. The nature of oxidised proteins (OXs) formed in AF- or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites is unknown. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a large-scale identification and quantification of the OXs formed in AF- or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites using resin-assisted capture coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 661 OXs in MNZ-treated trophozoites and 583 OXs in AF-treated trophozoites. More than 50% of these OXs were shared, and their functions include hydrolases, enzyme modulators, transferases, nucleic acid binding proteins, oxidoreductases, cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and ligases. Here, we report that the formation of actin filaments (F-actin) is impaired in AF-treated trophozoites. Consequently, their erythrophagocytosis, cytopathic activity, and their motility are impaired. We also observed that less than 15% of OXs present in H2 O2 -treated trophozoites are also present in AF- or MNZ-treated trophozoites. These results strongly suggest that the formation of OXs in AF- or MNZ-treated trophozoites and in H2 O2 -treated trophozoites occurred by two different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shaulov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lotem Sarid
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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31
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Karki P, Birukov KG. Rho and Reactive Oxygen Species at Crossroads of Endothelial Permeability and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1009-1022. [PMID: 31126187 PMCID: PMC6765062 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Increased endothelial permeability and inflammation are two major hallmarks of the life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is a growing consensus in the field that the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphates are critical regulators of endothelial function at both physiological and pathological states. A basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone, and angiogenesis; however, excessive ROS generation impairs endothelial function and promotes lung inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the role of Rho in control of endothelial function and also briefly discuss a nexus between ROS generation and Rho activation during endothelial dysfunction. Recent Advances: Extensive studies in the past decades have established that a wide range of barrier-disruptive and proinflammatory agonists activate the Rho pathway that, ultimately, leads to endothelial dysfunction via disruption of endothelial barrier and further escalation of inflammation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that a bidirectional interplay exists between the Rho pathway and ROS generation during endothelial dysfunction. Rac, a member of the Rho family, is directly involved in ROS production and ROS, in turn, activate RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42. Critical Issues: A precise mechanism of interaction between ROS generation and Rho activation and its impact on endothelial function needs to be elucidated. Future Directions: By employing advanced molecular techniques, the sequential cascades in the Rho-ROS crosstalk signaling axis need to be explored. The therapeutic potential of the Rho pathway inhibitors in endothelial-dysfunction associated cardiopulmonary disorders needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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33
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Lermant A, Murdoch CE. Cysteine Glutathionylation Acts as a Redox Switch in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E315. [PMID: 31426416 PMCID: PMC6720164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors play an important role in cell signaling. oxPTMs are a key way in which oxidative stress can influence cell behavior during diverse pathological settings such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammatory response. In addition, changes in oxPTM are likely to be ways in which low level reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may contribute to redox signaling, exerting changes in physiological responses including angiogenesis, cardiac remodeling and embryogenesis. Among oxPTM, S-glutathionylation of reactive cysteines emerges as an important regulator of vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) responses to their local redox environment. This review summarizes the latest findings of S-glutathionylated proteins in major EC pathways, and the functional consequences on vascular pathophysiology. This review highlights the diversity of molecules affected by S-glutathionylation, and the complex consequences on EC function, thereby demonstrating an intricate dual role of RONS-induced S-glutathionylation in maintaining vascular homeostasis and participating in various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Lermant
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
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34
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Touyz RM, Alves-Lopes R, Rios FJ, Camargo LL, Anagnostopoulou A, Arner A, Montezano AC. Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:529-539. [PMID: 29394331 PMCID: PMC5852517 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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35
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Strassheim D, Gerasimovskaya E, Irwin D, Dempsey EC, Stenmark K, Karoor V. RhoGTPase in Vascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E551. [PMID: 31174369 PMCID: PMC6627336 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho)A/Rho-kinase pathway plays an essential role in many cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, inflammation, and its excessive activity induces oxidative stress and promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Given its role in many physiological and pathological functions, targeting can result in adverse effects and limit its use for therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of RhoGTPases with an emphasis on RhoA in vascular disease and its impact on endothelial, smooth muscle, and heart and lung fibroblasts. It is clear from the various studies that understanding the regulation of RhoGTPases and their regulators in physiology and pathological conditions is required for effective targeting of Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Edward C Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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36
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Metformin prevention of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 involves oxidative stress generation and modulation of cell adaptation genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5864. [PMID: 30971831 PMCID: PMC6458149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin was shown to sensitize multidrug resistant breast cancer cells; however, the mechanisms involved in this capacity need to be clarified. We investigated oxidative stress and inflammatory-related pathways during the induction of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (DOX-res group), and evaluated metformin-induced cellular responses that resulted in the prevention of doxorubicin resistance (Met-DOX group). Microarray analysis demonstrated that DOX-res changed the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress (OS) and the TGF- β1 pathway. The DOX-res group presented increased thiols and reduced lipoperoxidation, increased levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and reduced nuclear p53 labelling. Analysis of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by RT-PCR array showed that DOX-res developed adaptive responses, such as resistance against apoptosis and OS. Metformin treatment modified gene expression related to OS and the IFN-α signaling pathway. The Met-DOX group was more sensitive to DOX-induced OS, presented lower levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and increased nuclear p53. Analysis of the IFN-α signaling pathway showed that Met-DOX presented more sensitivity to apoptosis and OS. Our findings indicate that metformin is a promising tool in the prevention of chemoresistance in patients with breast cancer submitted to doxorubicin-based treatments.
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Petrovic V, Nepal A, Olaisen C, Bachke S, Hira J, Søgaard CK, Røst LM, Misund K, Andreassen T, Melø TM, Bartsova Z, Bruheim P, Otterlei M. Anti-Cancer Potential of Homemade Fresh Garlic Extract Is Related to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040450. [PMID: 29621132 PMCID: PMC5946235 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of garlic and garlic-based extracts has been linked to decreased incidence of cancer in epidemiological studies. Here we examine the molecular and cellular activities of a simple homemade ethanol-based garlic extract (GE). We show that GE inhibits growth of several different cancer cells in vitro, as well as cancer growth in vivo in a syngeneic orthotopic breast cancer model. Multiple myeloma cells were found to be especially sensitive to GE. The GE was fractionated using solid-phase extractions, and we identified allicin in one GE fraction; however, growth inhibitory activities were found in several additional fractions. These activities were lost during freeze or vacuum drying, suggesting that the main anti-cancer compounds in GE are volatile. The anti-cancer activity was stable for more than six months in −20 °C. We found that GE enhanced the activities of chemotherapeutics, as well as MAPK and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, GE affected hundreds of proteins involved in cellular signalling, including changes in vital cell signalling cascades regulating proliferation, apoptosis, and the cellular redox balance. Our data indicate that the reduced proliferation of the cancer cells treated by GE is at least partly mediated by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voin Petrovic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anala Nepal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Camilla Olaisen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Siri Bachke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jonathan Hira
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Caroline K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lisa M Røst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- MR core facility, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Torun M Melø
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Zdenka Bartsova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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38
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Kim JG, Islam R, Cho JY, Jeong H, Cap KC, Park Y, Hossain AJ, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and various transcription factors in the RhoA pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6381-6392. [PMID: 29377108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RhoA GTPase plays a variety of functions in regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, cellular morphology, and migration along with various proliferation and transcriptional activity in cells. RhoA activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and the guanine nucleotide dissociation factor (GDI). The RhoA-RhoGDI complex exists in the cytosol and the active GTP-bound form of RhoA is located to the membrane. GDI displacement factors (GDFs) including IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) dissociate the RhoA-GDI complex, allowing activation of RhoA through GEFs. In addition, modifications of Tyr42 phosphorylation and Cys16/20 oxidation in RhoA and Tyr156 phosphorylation and oxidation of RhoGDI promote the dissociation of the RhoA-RhoGDI complex. The expression of RhoA is regulated through transcriptional factors such as c-Myc, HIF-1α/2α, Stat 6, and NF-κB along with several reported microRNAs. As the role of RhoA in regulating actin-filament formation and myosin-actin interaction has been well described, in this review we focus on the transcriptional activity of RhoA and also the regulation of RhoA message itself. Of interest, in the cytosol, activated RhoA induces transcriptional changes through filamentous actin (F-actin)-dependent ("actin switch") or-independent means. RhoA regulates the activity of several transcription regulators such as serum response factor (SRF)/MAL, AP-1, NF-κB, YAP/TAZ, β-catenin, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Interestingly, RhoA also itself is localized to the nucleus by an as-yet-undiscovered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Y Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim-Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu J Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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39
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Kruger C, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Nguyen TT, Salbaum JM, Stadler K. Lipid peroxidation regulates podocyte migration and cytoskeletal structure through redox sensitive RhoA signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 16:248-254. [PMID: 29547847 PMCID: PMC5854917 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early podocyte loss is characteristic of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in obesity and diabetes. Since treatments for hyperglycemia and hypertension do not prevent podocyte loss, there must be additional factors causing podocyte depletion. The role of oxidative stress has been implicated in CKD but it is not known how exactly free radicals affect podocyte physiology. To assess this relationship, we investigated the effects of lipid radicals on podocytes, as lipid peroxidation is a major form of oxidative stress in diabetes. We found that lipid radicals govern changes in podocyte homeostasis through redox sensitive RhoA signaling: lipid radicals inhibit migration and cause loss of F-actin fibers. These effects were prevented by mutating the redox sensitive cysteines of RhoA. We therefore suggest that in diseases associated with increased lipid peroxidation, lipid radicals can determine podocyte function with potentially pathogenic consequences for kidney physiology. Lipid peroxyl radicals impact podocyte motility and cytoskeletal F-actin arrangement. Lipid peroxyl radicals activate the small GTPase RhoA. When the Cys residues of RhoA are mutated, lipid peroxyl radicals do not affect podocytes. Lipid peroxidation likely contributes to podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kruger
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Islet Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA.
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40
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Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:50-63. [PMID: 29305106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The concept of mitochondrial hormesis has been introduced to explain this apparent disconnect. Hormesis is intended as any cellular process that exhibits a biphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition: specifically, in diabetic kidney disease, oxidant species may represent, at determined concentration, an essential and potentially protective factor. It could be postulated that excessive production or inhibition of oxidant species formation might result in an adverse phenotype. This review discusses the evidence underlying these two apparent contradicting concepts, with the aim to propose and speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the role of oxidant species in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and possibly open future more efficient therapies to be tested in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Sagoo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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41
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Choi EK, Kim JG, Kim HJ, Cho JY, Jeong H, Park Y, Islam R, Cap CK, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and novel target proteins for ROCK. Small GTPases 2017; 11:95-102. [PMID: 29199510 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1364831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play significant roles in cellular function and their activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), providing activation and inactivation of these GTPases, respectively. Active GTP-bound form of RhoA activates its effector proteins while the inactive GDP-bound form of RhoA exists in a RhoA-RhoGDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor) complex in the cytosol. In particular, IκB kinase γ IKKγ/NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) plays a role as a GDI displacement factor (GDF) for RhoA activation through binding to RhoA-RhoGDI complex. Meanwhile, prion protein inactivates RhoA despite RhoA/RhoGDI association. Novel target proteins for Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) such as glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and IKKβ are recently discovered. Here, we elaborate on a post-translationally modified version of RhoA, phosphorylated at Tyr42 and oxidized at Cys16/20. This form of RhoA dissociates from RhoA-RhoGDI complex and activates IKKβ on IKKγ/NEMO, thus providing possibly a critical role for tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cuong Kim Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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42
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Tanaka LY, Laurindo FRM. Vascular remodeling: A redox-modulated mechanism of vessel caliber regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:11-21. [PMID: 28109889 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling, i.e. whole-vessel structural reshaping, determines lumen caliber in (patho)physiology. Here we review mechanisms underlying vessel remodeling, with emphasis in redox regulation. First, we discuss confusing terminology and focus on strictu sensu remodeling. Second, we propose a mechanobiological remodeling paradigm based on the concept of tensional homeostasis as a setpoint regulator. We first focus on shear-mediated models as prototypes of remodeling closely dominated by highly redox-sensitive endothelial function. More detailed discussions focus on mechanosensors, integrins, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and inflammatory pathways as potential of mechanisms potentially coupling tensional homeostasis to redox regulation. Further discussion of remodeling associated with atherosclerosis and injury repair highlights important aspects of redox vascular responses. While neointima formation has not shown consistent responsiveness to antioxidants, vessel remodeling has been more clearly responsive, indicating that despite the multilevel redox signaling pathways, there is a coordinated response of the whole vessel. Among mechanisms that may orchestrate redox pathways, we discuss roles of superoxide dismutase activity and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase. We then discuss redox modulation of aneurysms, a special case of expansive remodeling. We propose that the redox modulation of vascular remodeling may reflect (1) remodeling pathophysiology is dominated by a particularly redox-sensitive cell type, e.g., endothelial cells (2) redox pathways are temporospatially coordinated at an organ level across distinct cellular and acellular structures or (3) the tensional homeostasis setpoint is closely connected to redox signaling. The mechanobiological/redox model discussed here can be a basis for improved understanding of remodeling and helps clarifying mechanisms underlying prevalent hard-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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43
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Florke RR, Young GT, Hamann MJ. Unraveling a model of TCL/RhoJ allosterism using TC10 reverse chimeras. Small GTPases 2017; 11:138-145. [PMID: 28696829 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1347599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical regulation of GTPase activity by effector proteins, investigating the variations in the amino acid sequence and structures of GTPases often provides insights into regulatory mechanisms that are more GTPase-specific. TCL/RhoJ is a Rho GTPase most closely related to Cdc42 and TC10; however, its nucleotide exchange activity is distinctly influenced by N-terminal amino acids 17-20 and the more distal amino acids 121-129. In this short study, we have further explored the differences between TCL and its homolog TC10 and show that its unique mode of allosteric regulation requires broader diversification of its amino acid sequence than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace T Young
- Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, USA
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44
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Fong‐ngern K, Vinaiphat A, Thongboonkerd V. Microvillar injury in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by calcium oxalate crystal and the protective role of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate. FASEB J 2016; 31:120-131. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600543r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kedsarin Fong‐ngern
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Arada Vinaiphat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Research in Complex Systems ScienceMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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45
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Ratnikov BI, Scott DA, Osterman AL, Smith JW, Ronai ZA. Metabolic rewiring in melanoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:147-157. [PMID: 27270434 PMCID: PMC5140782 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring is an adaptation to low nutrient and oxygen conditions in the tumor microenvironment that enables cancer cells of diverse origin to hyperproliferate. Aerobic glycolysis and enhanced reliance on glutamine utilization are prime examples of such rewiring. However, tissue of origin as well as specific genetic and epigenetic changes determines gene expression profiles underlying these metabolic alterations in specific cancers. In melanoma, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway driven by mutant BRAF or NRAS is a primary cause of malignant transformation. Activity of the MAPK pathway, as well as other factors, such as HIF1α, Myc and MITF, are among those that control the balance between non-oxidative and oxidative branches of central carbon metabolism. Here, we discuss the nature of metabolic alterations that underlie melanoma development and affect its response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Ratnikov
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - D A Scott
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - A L Osterman
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - J W Smith
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Z A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
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46
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Fleming DS, Koltes JE, Markey AD, Schmidt CJ, Ashwell CM, Rothschild MF, Persia ME, Reecy JM, Lamont SJ. Genomic analysis of Ugandan and Rwandan chicken ecotypes using a 600 k genotyping array. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:407. [PMID: 27230772 PMCID: PMC4882793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indigenous populations of animals have developed unique adaptations to their local environments, which may include factors such as response to thermal stress, drought, pathogens and suboptimal nutrition. The survival and subsequent evolution within these local environments can be the result of both natural and artificial selection driving the acquisition of favorable traits, which over time leave genomic signatures in a population. This study’s goals are to characterize genomic diversity and identify selection signatures in chickens from equatorial Africa to identify genomic regions that may confer adaptive advantages of these ecotypes to their environments. Results Indigenous chickens from Uganda (n = 72) and Rwanda (n = 100), plus Kuroilers (n = 24, an Indian breed imported to Africa), were genotyped using the Axiom® 600 k Chicken Genotyping Array. Indigenous ecotypes were defined based upon location of sampling within Africa. The results revealed the presence of admixture among the Ugandan, Rwandan, and Kuroiler populations. Genes within runs of homozygosity consensus regions are linked to gene ontology (GO) terms related to lipid metabolism, immune functions and stress-mediated responses (FDR < 0.15). The genes within regions of signatures of selection are enriched for GO terms related to health and oxidative stress processes. Key genes in these regions had anti-oxidant, apoptosis, and inflammation functions. Conclusions The study suggests that these populations have alleles under selective pressure from their environment, which may aid in adaptation to harsh environments. The correspondence in gene ontology terms connected to stress-mediated processes across the populations could be related to the similarity of environments or an artifact of the detected admixture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2711-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J E Koltes
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | | | - C M Ashwell
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - M E Persia
- Virginia Polytechnic University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J M Reecy
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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47
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Gan DK, Zhu X. Role of RhoA in occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1682-1687. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i11.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiologic process resulting from a variety of chronic liver injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or the formation of scar. The transdifferentiation from quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or portal fibroblasts (PFs) to activated myofibroblasts (MFBs) is a key step of producing extracellular matrix. RhoA can regulate the cell cytoskeleton and is involved in activating HSCs/PFs, thus having a significant fibrogenic effect. In this paper, we review the recent advances in understanding the role of RhoA in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.
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48
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Herraiz C, Crosas-Molist E, Sanz-Moreno V. Reactive oxygen species and tumor dissemination: Allies no longer. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1127313. [PMID: 27308633 PMCID: PMC4905421 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1127313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to oxidative stress have been suggested to promote carcinogenesis. However, we and others have demonstrated a protective role for ROS in metastatic dissemination. These recent studies partly explain the large failure observed in clinical trials using antioxidants for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
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Herraiz C, Calvo F, Pandya P, Cantelli G, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Orgaz JL, Kang N, Chu T, Sahai E, Sanz-Moreno V. Reactivation of p53 by a Cytoskeletal Sensor to Control the Balance Between DNA Damage and Tumor Dissemination. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv289. [PMID: 26464464 PMCID: PMC4712681 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal cell migration and invasion underlie metastasis, and actomyosin contractility is a key regulator of tumor invasion. The links between cancer migratory behavior and DNA damage are poorly understood. METHODS Using 3D collagen systems to recapitulate melanoma extracellular matrix, we analyzed the relationship between the actomyosin cytoskeleton of migrating cells and DNA damage. We used multiple melanoma cell lines and microarray analysis to study changes in gene expression and in vivo intravital imaging (n = 7 mice per condition) to understand how DNA damage impacts invasive behavior. We used Protein Tissue Microarrays (n = 164 melanomas) and patient databases (n = 354 melanoma samples) to investigate the associations between markers of DNA damage and actomyosin cytoskeletal features. Data were analyzed with Student's and multiple t tests, Mann-Whitney's test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Melanoma cells with low levels of Rho-ROCK-driven actomyosin are subjected to oxidative stress-dependent DNA damage and ATM-mediated p53 protein stabilization. This results in a specific transcriptional signature enriched in DNA damage/oxidative stress responsive genes, including Tumor Protein p53 Inducible Protein 3 (TP53I3 or PIG3). PIG3, which functions in DNA damage repair, uses an unexpected catalytic mechanism to suppress Rho-ROCK activity and impair tumor invasion in vivo. This regulation was suppressed by antioxidants. Furthermore, PIG3 levels decreased while ROCK1/2 levels increased in human metastatic melanomas (ROCK1 vs PIG3; r = -0.2261, P < .0001; ROCK2 vs PIG3: r = -0.1381, P = .0093). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest using Rho-kinase inhibitors to reactivate the p53-PIG3 axis as a novel therapeutic strategy; we suggest that the use of antioxidants in melanoma should be very carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Pahini Pandya
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Gaia Cantelli
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Jose L Orgaz
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - NaRa Kang
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Tinghine Chu
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH)
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK (CH, PP, GC, IRH, JLO, NK, TC, VSM); Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK (FC, ES).Current affiliations: Tumor Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK (FC); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (CH).
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Le Gal K, Ibrahim MX, Wiel C, Sayin VI, Akula MK, Karlsson C, Dalin MG, Akyürek LM, Lindahl P, Nilsson J, Bergo MO. Antioxidants can increase melanoma metastasis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:308re8. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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