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Alt Y, Wochatz M, Schraplau A, Engel T, Sharon H, Gurevich M, Menascu S, Mayer F, Kalron A. No immediate change in systemic cytokines following an eccentric muscle training session in people with multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2024; 17:17562864241266113. [PMID: 39091997 PMCID: PMC11292683 DOI: 10.1177/17562864241266113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Eccentric muscle contractions elicit distinct physiological responses, including modulation of the cytokine profile. Although relevant for rehabilitation, the effect of eccentric muscle training on the immune system has never been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives Examine the immediate cytokine response of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after a moderate eccentric training session in individuals with MS. Additionally, further investigate the association between systemic cytokine levels at rest and clinical measures of mobility and lower limb functional strength. Design Observational study. Methods The first session included blood sampling for baseline cytokine measures. Subsequently, the participant completed a battery of clinical assessments related to mobility and lower limb strength, that is, the Timed-Up-and-Go Test, Five-Repetition-Sit-to-Stand-Test (5STS), Four-Square-Step-Test, and Two-Minute-Walk-Test. The second session included the eccentric exercise training session, followed by a second blood sampling to assess the acute cytokine response to the eccentric training bout. This session comprised 10 exercises concentrating on the strength of the trunk and lower extremities. Results Twenty-seven people with MS (pwMS), with a mean age of 40.1 years, participated in the study. No difference was demonstrated in the cytokine concentration values between baseline and immediately after the eccentric training session. The 5STS explained 30.3% of the variance associated with interferon-gamma, 14.8% with IL-4, and 13.8% with IL-10. Conclusion An eccentric training bout does not impact cytokine concentration in the blood and, consequently, does not boost a pro-inflammatory response, thus, it can be performed on pwMS in a rehabilitation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Alt
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Monique Wochatz
- Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University Outpatient Clinic, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Division of Therapy Science and Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Schraplau
- Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University Outpatient Clinic, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tilman Engel
- Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University Outpatient Clinic, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hadar Sharon
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Shay Menascu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Frank Mayer
- Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University Outpatient Clinic, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alon Kalron
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Tel-Aviv University, POB 39040, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 6139001, Israel
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
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Chycki J, Krzysztofik M, Sadowska-Krępa E, Baron-Kaczmarek D, Zając A, Poprzęcki S, Petr M. Acute Hormonal and Inflammatory Responses following Lower and Upper Body Resistance Exercises Performed to Volitional Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7455. [PMID: 39000562 PMCID: PMC11242161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bench press (BP) vs. leg press (LP) resistance training sessions on testosterone, cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations, and creatine kinase (CK) activity in strength-trained males. Eleven strength-trained males participated in a cross-over randomized trial, undergoing two experimental sessions each consisting of five sets of the BP or the LP exercise to volitional failure with a load corresponding to 50% of one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken at baseline (BA), immediately post (POST), and 1 h after the cessation of exercise (POST-1). A significant increase in IL-6 concentration from BA to POST-1 was observed during the LP condition (p = 0.004; effect size [ES] = 0.64). Additionally, a significant main effect of time was found for increasing testosterone concentrations from BA to POST exercise (p = 0.014; ES = 0.25). A significantly lower cortisol concentration at POST-1 compared to POST (p = 0.001; ES = 1.02) was noted in the BP condition. Furthermore, a significantly lower cortisol concentration was found at POST-1 in the BP compared to the LP condition (p = 0.022; ES = 1.3). A significant increase in CK activity was reported from BA to POST (p = 0.024; ES = 0.69) and POST-1 (p = 0.045; ES = 0.55) during the LP condition, and from BA to POST-1 (p = 0.014; ES = 0.96) during the BP condition. No significant differences were found in the CRP (p = 0.659) and TNF-α concentrations (p = 0.487). These results suggest that the amount of muscle mass engaged during the resistance exercise may influence the changes in IL-6 and cortisol concentrations. Larger muscle groups, as engaged in the LP, more likely lead to elevated concentrations of IL-6 myokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chycki
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Daria Baron-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Stanisław Poprzęcki
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Conkright WR, Kargl CK, Hubal MJ, Tiede DR, Beckner ME, Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Greeves JP, O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Sahu A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Acute Resistance Exercise Modifies Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Targeting Anabolic Gene Pathways: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1225-1232. [PMID: 38377006 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training confers numerous health benefits that are mediated in part by circulating factors. Toward an enhanced molecular understanding, there is growing interest in a class of signaling biomarkers called extracellular vesicles (EV). EVs support physiological adaptations to exercise by transporting their cargo (e.g., microRNA (miRNA)) to target cells. Previous studies of changes in EV cargo have focused on aerobic exercise, with limited data examining the effects of resistance exercise. We examined the effect of acute resistance exercise on circulating EV miRNAs and their predicted target pathways. METHODS Ten participants (5 men; age, 26.9 ± 5.5 yr; height, 173.4 ± 10.5 cm; body mass, 74.0 ± 11.1 kg; body fat, 25.7% ± 11.6%) completed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET) consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions of back squats using 75% one-repetition maximum. Pre-/post-AHRET, EVs were isolated from plasma using size exclusion chromatography, and RNA sequencing was performed. Differentially expressed miRNAs between pre- and post-AHRET EVs were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict target messenger RNAs and their target biological pathways. RESULTS Overall, 34 miRNAs were altered by AHRET ( P < 0.05), targeting 4895 mRNAs, with enrichment of 175 canonical pathways ( P < 0.01), including 12 related to growth/metabolism (p53, IGF-I, STAT3, PPAR, JAK/STAT, growth hormone, WNT/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PI3K/AKT) and 8 to inflammation signaling (TGF-β, IL-8, IL-7, IL-3, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-10). CONCLUSIONS Acute resistance exercise alters EV miRNAs targeting pathways involved in growth, metabolism, and immune function. Circulating EVs may serve as significant adaptive signaling molecules influenced by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chris K Kargl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dakota R Tiede
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kellen T Krajewski
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Yang L, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02748-x. [PMID: 38926526 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival. METHODS This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions. RESULTS Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries. CONCLUSION To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Adibsaber F, Ansari S, Elmieh A, Barkadehi B. Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aquatic Exercise Combination as a Safe- Efficient Therapeutic Strategy to Ameliorate Interleukin-6 and 10, and Social Interaction in Children with Autism. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2024; 18:91-102. [PMID: 38988841 PMCID: PMC11231685 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.43021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Increasing evidence demonstrated that there are altered levels of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and pointed out that immune dysfunction may also relate to social deficits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aquatic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation on social interaction and two related cytokines (Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10) in children with ASD. Materials & Methods Forty boys with ASD (mean age: 10.90; age range: 6-14 years) were randomly assigned to the three interventions (groups 1, 2, and 3) and one control group (each 10 participants). Participants in the group 1 and 3 received a 10-week aquatic exercise program. Subjects in groups 2 and 3 took orally 50,000 IU of vitamin D3/week. This study evaluated the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10, as well as the participants' social interaction at baseline and post-intervention. Results Compared to the control group, all three interventions improved social skills scores (p< 0.001). Surprisingly, the combination strategy could significantly reduce IL-6 and increase IL-10 serum levels in children with ASD. Conclusion Aqua-based exercise programs combined with vitamin D supplementation are recommended to benefit children with ASD and improve social and communication dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Adibsaber
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soleyman Ansari
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Elmieh
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Barkadehi
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Cheng X, Yang Z. Effect of resistance training on inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults: A meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 126:105536. [PMID: 38941946 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of resistance training on pro-inflammatory cytokines c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL 6), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. METHODS The retrieval period for the Web of Science and other large electronic databases is set by default to March 2022. Both included and excluded researchers are independent examination literature on the impact of resistance exercise on markers of inflammation in the elderly. The physical medical care Evidence Database scale (Physical Therapy Evidence Database, PEDro) was used to evaluate the research quality, and Revmen 5.3 was used to end the index analysis. RESULTS After a total of four rounds of elimination, 12 items were eventually included. The total sample size for the research was 388 persons. Resistance training substantially reduced CRP levels in middle-aged and older individuals, with SMD = -0.56 and 95 % confidence interval ([-0.78, -0.34], P < 0.00001, correspondingly. Resistance training can successfully lower IL6 concentrations in middle-aged and older adults, although the combined impact is not substantial. SMD = -0.25, 95 % CI [-0.54, 0.04]; P = 0.09. TNF- concentrations did not alter significantly following resistance exercise in middle-aged and older adults. The overall effect was SMD = -0.07, with a 95 % confidence interval [-0.37, 0.23], while P = 0.64. CONCLUSION Resistance training reduces CRP, IL6, and TNF-α levels among middle-aged and elderly people. However, it has no significant anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α. Resistance exercise at a moderate level for 3 times / week with a duration of 6-12 weeks or 16-32 weeks, significantly reduced CRP levels. This work contributing to exploring the resistance training program for the elderly to reduce inflammatory markers, and further, providing suggestions for the elderly to participate in resistance training and reduce the concentration of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Cheng
- Department of Arts and Sports, Jieyang Polytechnic , Jieyang 52200, Guagdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Sports theory teaching and research, Sports School in Shanwei City, Shanwei 516600, Guangdong, China.
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Déniz-Ramírez NDP, Sabina-Campos J, Aibar-Almazán A, Rivas-Campo Y, González-Martín AM, Castellote-Caballero Y. Exercise and Nutrition in the Mental Health of the Older Adult Population: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1741. [PMID: 38892674 PMCID: PMC11174647 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Global population aging is changing demographic structures and presents significant challenges for health systems, which must adapt to an increasingly elderly population. (2) Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 116 older adults aged 65 or older, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 57) undergoing a combined resistance program and Mediterranean diet program and a control group (n = 59) who did not receive any intervention. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). (3) Results: Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed both within and between groups in anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.38 and 0.78, respectively), depression (Cohen's d = 0.56 and 0.18, respectively), perceived stress (Cohen's d = 0.15 and 0.39, respectively), and in the PSQI domains: subjective sleep quality (Cohen's d = 1.01 and 0.53, respectively), sleep duration (Cohen's d = 0.112 and 0.53, respectively), sleep disturbances (Cohen's d = 1.92 and 0.95, respectively), use of medications (Cohen's d = 0.34 and 0.40, respectively), and the PSQI total score (Cohen's d = 0.68 and 0.49, respectively). No significant differences were observed in sleep latency or daytime dysfunction. (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that resistance intervention may be an effective therapeutic option to improve mental health and sleep quality in older adults aged 65 or older, offering a non-pharmacological approach to improving overall well-being in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | - Ana María González-Martín
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Higher Education Center for Teaching and Educational Research, Plaza de San Martín, 4, 28013 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Castellote-Caballero
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Yan L, Hu X, Wu S, Chen L, Zhao S. Association between grip strength and albuminuria in the general United States population: NHANES 2011-2014. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353881. [PMID: 38706553 PMCID: PMC11066252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Grip strength has been shown to be associated with chronic renal insufficiency, but the relationship between grip strength and albuminuria has not been confirmed. In this study, we used NHANES data to explore the association between grip strength and albuminuria in a US population. Methods In this analytical study, we utilized data sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), specifically spanning the years 2011 to 2014. The dataset included 9,638 participants aged 20 years or older. After adjusting for potential confounders, multiple regression models were developed to infer the interrelationship between grip strength and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for all covariates, ACR by 0.49 mg/g [-0.49 (95% CI: -0.93, -0.04)] for each 1 kg increase in grip strength decreased. Subgroup analysis showed that gender, age, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index did not influence the negative correlation between grip strength and albuminuria. Conclusion There is a negative correlation between grip strength and albuminuria in the general U.S. population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shunying Zhao
- Department of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Huang J, Zhang H. Nurse Supervised at Institutes versus Nurse Counseling Home-Based Resistance Exercise Training for Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:692-701. [PMID: 38190073 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical and mental quality of life of patients with acute pancreatitis is poor. Professional nurses have the necessary knowledge, art, and skills to aid in resistance exercise training. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of 6 months of nurse-supervised resistance exercise training plus nutritional supplements and 6 months of nurse counseling home-based resistance exercise training plus nutritional supplements for patients with pancreatitis. METHODS Patients with acute pancreatitis (age ≥ 18 years) received nurse-supervised resistance exercise training at the institute (NEN cohort, n = 103), nurse counseling for home-based resistance exercise (HEN cohort, n = 123), or usual care (UCN cohort, n = 155) for 6 months. All patients received advice regarding nutritional especially protein supplements. RESULTS Before non-treatment intervention(s) (BL), quality of life score of patients was 53, mild-to-moderate self-reported pain episodes, or worse pain, and a total of 22% of patients were disabled. Patients in the NEN cohort had improved quality of life and decreased pain and disability after 6 months of non-treatment intervention(s) (EL) compared to their BL condition and those of the UCN and HEN cohorts at EL (p < 0.05 for all). A smaller number of patients were hospitalized and died in the NEN cohort than in the UCN and HEN cohorts (p ≤ 0.001 for both) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The quality of life, pain, and disability condition(s) of patients with acute pancreatitis should be improved. Nurse-supervised resistance exercise training at the institute associated with improvement in the quality of life and decrease of pain, disability, hospitalization, and death of patients with acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China.
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Chang KV, Wu WT, Chen YH, Chen LR, Hsu WH, Lin YL, Han DS. Enhanced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and -6 in sarcopenia: alleviation through exercise and nutrition intervention. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13471-13485. [PMID: 38032288 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has been conducted on the post-intervention inflammatory status in sarcopenic patients, despite previous studies revealing elevated pro-inflammatory markers. This study aimed to investigate the potential elevation of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic patients and evaluate the effects of exercise and nutritional support interventions on these cytokine levels. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 57 individuals with sarcopenia from the RCT and 57 non-sarcopenic participants from the same geriatric community cohort that did not participate in the RCT were enrolled. Grip strength and body composition measurements were recorded. Tumor necrotizing factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-15 levels were assessed at baseline for both groups and after a 12-week intervention consisting of resistive exercise and supplementation with branched-chain amino acids, calcium, and vitamin D3 in the patients with sarcopenia. RESULTS The sarcopenic group demonstrated significantly lower body weight, body mass index, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass index. Moreover, sarcopenic patients exhibited higher levels of TNF-α (p=0.007), IL-1β (p<0.001), and IL-6 (p<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in IL-15 (p=0.345) between participants with and those without sarcopenia. Following the intervention, the sarcopenic group experienced significant improvements in grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index with a notable reduction in TNF-α (p=0.003), IL-1β (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.001) levels. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenic patients exhibit elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which declined after nutrition support and exercise interventions. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Rong Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baião VM, Cunha VA, Duarte MP, Andrade FP, Ferreira AP, Nóbrega OT, Viana JL, Ribeiro HS. Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:795. [PMID: 37512502 PMCID: PMC10385645 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a systemic inflammatory state. We assessed the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in individuals with CKD. An electronic search was conducted, including MEDLINE. Experimental clinical trials that investigated the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in individuals with CKD at all stages were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using the random-effects model and standard mean difference (SMD). Subgroup analyses were performed for resistance, aerobic, and combined exercise interventions. Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analyses. Exercise interventions showed significant reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.06), interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.14), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SMD: -0.63, 95% CI: -1.01, -0.25) when compared with the controls. IL-10 levels significantly increased (SMD: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.09, 1.23) with exercise interventions. Resistance interventions significantly decreased CRP (SMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.69, -0.09) and TNF-α (SMD: -0.72, 95% CI: -1.20, -0.23) levels, while increasing IL-10 levels (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.09). Aerobic interventions only significantly reduced IL-6 levels (SMD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.51, -0.01). No significant changes in any inflammatory markers were observed with combined exercise interventions. Exercise interventions are effective as an anti-inflammatory therapy in individuals with CKD compared to usual care control groups. Resistance interventions seem to promote greater anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Baião
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius A Cunha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marvery P Duarte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Francini P Andrade
- Graduate Program in Pneumological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Aparecido P Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Research Department, University Center ICESP, Brasília 71961-540, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program, Santa Úrsula University, Rio de Janeiro 22231-040, Brazil
| | - Otávio T Nóbrega
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João L Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Heitor S Ribeiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research Department, University Center ICESP, Brasília 71961-540, Brazil
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12
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Del Rosso S, Baraquet ML, Barale A, Defagó MD, Tortosa F, Perovic NR, Aoki MP. Long-term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13564. [PMID: 37040899 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the evidence on the effects of different long-term training interventions (aerobic [AeT], resistance [RT], and combined [COMB]) and spontaneous physical activity (PA) in modifying cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases while considering potential confounders. Although exercise interventions have become a potentially effective tool for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, the evidence provided by previous systematic reviews is inconclusive since several potential confounders have yet to be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2000 to July 2022 and performed a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria retrieved 106 full texts comprising 8,642 individuals with a range BMI of 25.1-43.8 kg m-2 . We found that independently of the training mode, exercise had a beneficial effect on diminishing Adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-18, IL-20, Leptin, sICAM, and TNF-α levels circulating levels. Furthermore, by subsequent analysis, we detected differential effects of AeT, RT, and COMB, with sex, age, body composition, and trial length acting as moderators. The comparison of training modes revealed a difference favoring COMB over AeT for regulating the increase in CRP with no differences in the remaining biomarkers. Meta-regression analysis revealed an effect of change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, while IL-10 was influenced by the change in body fat. The results suggest that all interventions, except PA, are effective in lessening this population's inflammatory status, provided that exercise results in an increase of VO2max .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Del Rosso
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Lucía Baraquet
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Barale
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Daniela Defagó
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Tortosa
- Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Nilda Raquel Perovic
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Rasmussen GHF, Madeleine P, Arroyo-Morales M, Voigt M, Kristiansen M. Resistance Training-Induced Acute Hypoalgesia in Women With Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Treatment. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e16-e24. [PMID: 36173261 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fogh Rasmussen, GH, Madeleine, P, Arroyo-Morales, M, Voigt, M, and Kristiansen, M. Resistance training-induced acute hypoalgesia in women with persistent pain after breast cancer treatment. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): e16-e24, 2023-The aim of this study was to determine whether a single bout of resistance training (RT) produces acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) suffering from persistent pain ≥1.5 years after treatment. Twenty individuals with self-reported pain ≥3 on a 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale after treatment for breast cancer completed 3 experimental sessions, (a) familiarization; (b) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) normalization, and (c) training, consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of 1 repetition maximum. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured before and after training for the dorsal and ventral shoulder regions of the affected side. Movement-evoked pain (MEP) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected immediately after each set. A p -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results demonstrated a significant increase in PPTs of the ventral shoulder region after a single bout of RT ( p ≤ 0.05), indicating a localized analgesic response for this area. By contrast, no change was detected in PPTs on the dorsal shoulder region. No significant differences were found in MEP between sessions despite a significant increase in load and RPE during 1RM assessment ( p ≤ 0.05), indicating that MEP was not affected by increase in absolute and relative intensity. In conclusion, a single bout of submaximal RT reduced PPTs for the ventral shoulder region of BCS with persistent pain after treatment and was well tolerated. Hence, RT may be a useful therapeutic tool for managing persistent pain after breast cancer treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H F Rasmussen
- Sport Sciences-Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; and
| | - P Madeleine
- Sport Sciences-Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; and
| | - M Arroyo-Morales
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport and Health Institute Research (IMUDS), Biohealth Institute Research Granada (IBS.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - M Voigt
- Sport Sciences-Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; and
| | - M Kristiansen
- Sport Sciences-Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; and
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14
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Syroyid Syroyid I, Cavero-Redondo I, Syroyid Syroyid B. Effects of Resistance Training on Pain Control and Physical Function in Older Adults With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2023:00139143-990000000-00023. [PMID: 36805624 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Low back pain (LBP) has a high prevalence in older adults and is associated with elevated health care costs. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) interventions on physical function (PF) and pain control in community-dwelling older adults with chronic LBP. METHODS A meta-analysis applying the quality effect method was performed by calculating the effect sizes (ESs) using the Cohen d with a 95% CI. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the participant and intervention characteristics. The statistical significance of differences between subgroups was calculated using a Z-test. Study bias was estimated using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) and quality of evidence (Qi) index. Small study effect/publication bias was estimated using the Doi plot and Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index. The systematic search was conducted in major databases for clinical trials published between January 1, 1990, and January 9, 2021. The inclusion criteria were articles that (1) were peer-reviewed; (2) had participants' mean age of more than 60 years; (3) studied PRT interventions; (4) had participants with LBP; (5) measured LBP or PF outcomes; (6) measured PF in terms of functionality; (7) were randomized controlled trials; (8) and non-randomized controlled trials. The exclusion criteria were (1) articles not written in English, (2) nonexperimental studies, and (3) repeated publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Twenty-one studies were included (n = 1661). Clear improvements were found in PF (ES = 0.32 [95% CI, 0.05-0.58]; I2 = 75.1%; P < .001), but results on LBP decrease were inconclusive (ES = 0.24 [95% CI, -0.05 to 1.10]; I2 = 75.7%; P < .001). The overall evidence of this aggregated data meta-analysis of clinical trials is level C+. Main limitations are the use of aggregated data and the large heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSIONS The Qi of this meta-analysis is level I (C+). We concluded that PRT interventions are useful for PF improvement in older adults with generalized LBP, LBP not arising from lumbar spinal stenosis, and having body mass index less than 27. In older adults with LBP not arising from lumbar spine stenosis, PRT interventions also decrease LBP. Interventions should have a frequency of at least 3 sessions per week. In addition, at a lower level of evidence IV (C+), we recommend that interventions with a duration of more than 12 weeks should be considered, whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Syroyid Syroyid
- Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ivan Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Bohdan Syroyid Syroyid
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Rochette E, Saidi O, Merlin É, Duché P. Physical activity as a promising alternative for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Towards an evidence-based prescription. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119930. [PMID: 36860845 PMCID: PMC9969142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in young people. Although biologics now enable most children and adolescents with JIA to enjoy clinical remission, patients present lower physical activity and spend more time in sedentary behavior than their healthy counterparts. This impairment probably results from a physical deconditioning spiral initiated by joint pain, sustained by apprehension on the part of both the child and the child's parents, and entrenched by lowered physical capacities. This in turn may exacerbate disease activity and lead to unfavorable health outcomes including increased risks of metabolic and mental comorbidities. Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in the health benefits of increased overall physical activity as well as exercise interventions in young people with JIA. However, we are still far from evidence-based physical activity and / or exercise prescription for this population. In this review, we give an overview of the available data supporting physical activity and / or exercise as a behavioral, non-pharmacological alternative to attenuate inflammation while also improving metabolism, disease symptoms, poor sleep, synchronization of circadian rhythms, mental health, and quality of life in JIA. Finally, we discuss clinical implications, identify gaps in knowledge, and outline a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Rochette,
| | - Oussama Saidi
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
| | - Étienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
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16
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Yang W, Jiao H, Xue Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang B, Teng Z, Li J, Zhao H, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Influence on Inflammatory Factors in Type 2 Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients by Various Exercise Modalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1783. [PMID: 36767149 PMCID: PMC9914443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on inflammatory factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (MEPT2D), as lifestyle changes, such as physical activity and dietary modifications, are considered important in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. For the study methodology, Pubmed, CNKI, EBSCO, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science were selected for the search. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool, and statistically analyzed using the RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software, which included 18 investigations involving 853 study subjects. Meta-analysis findings indicated that aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) showed significant reductions in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in MEPT2D. Among them, HIIT was superior to other training modalities in reducing TNF-α levels, while CT was superior to AT, RT, and HIIT in decreasing IL-6, IL-10, and CRP in MEPT2D. Meanwhile, RT had limited effects in reducing CRP and TNF-α levels in MEPT2D. However, HIIT had no significant effect on IL-6 and IL-10 in MEPT2D. In conclusion, long-term regular AT, RT, CT, and HIIT all contributed to the reduction of inflammatory status (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) in MEPT2D, while CT (for CRP, IL-6, and IL-10) and HIIT (for TNF-α) represent the best approaches to counteract the inflammatory response in MEPT2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Jiao
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lishuo Wang
- School of Management Engineering and E-Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boqian Wang
- Tourism Management, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Changes in Cognition and Brain Function After 26 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Adults at Risk for Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:250-256. [PMID: 36858923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but its is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. METHODS This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercise (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. RESULTS Resistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings.
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18
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McDougle JM, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, Feito Y. Acute physiological outcomes of high-intensity functional training: a scoping review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14493. [PMID: 36620744 PMCID: PMC9817969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to high-intensity functional training (HIFT) have been conducted. However, due to a restricted pool of available research, these investigations are often limited in scope. As such, a scoping review investigating the present literature surrounding the acute physiological response to HIFT-based exercise was chosen as a more appropriate structured review. Methodology A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Three large scale databases were searched to reveal any article pertaining to HIFT and related exercise terminology. Results A total of 2,241 articles were found during the initial search. Following this, titles, then abstracts, and full-texts were reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility. A total of 60 articles which investigated a combined total of 35 unique HIFT workouts were included within this review. Conclusions A variety of physiological parameters and HIFT workouts have been examined. Markers of intensity (e.g., blood lactate concentrations, heart rate) have been most consistently assessed across all studies, and these support the idea that HIFT workouts are typically performed at high-intensity. In contrast, the inclusion of most other measures (e.g., hormonal, markers of inflammation and damage, energy expenditure, performance) has been inconsistent and has thus, limited the possibility for making generalized conclusions. Differences in study methodologies have further impacted conclusions, as different studies have varied in sample population characteristics, workouts assessed, and time points. Though it may be impossible to comprehensively research all possible HIFT workouts, consistent adoption of population definitions and workload quantification may overcome this challenge and assist with future comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. McDougle
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adam R. Jajtner
- Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Yuri Feito
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States,American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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19
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Francesconi C, Niebauer J, Haber P, Moser O, Weitgasser R, Lackinger C. [Lifestyle: physical activity and training as prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:78-83. [PMID: 37101027 PMCID: PMC10133083 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle, in general and particularly regular physical activity, is known to be an important component in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes.To gain substantial health benefits, a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week should be performed. Additionally, inactivity should be recognized as health hazard and prolonged episodes of sitting should be avoided.Especially exercise is not only efficient in improving glycaemia by lowering insulin resistance and enhance insulin secretion, but to reduce cardiovascular risk. The positive effect of training correlates directly with the amount of fitness gained and lasts only as long as the fitness level is sustained. Exercise training is effective in all age groups and for all genders. It is reversible and reproducible.Standardized, regional and supervised exercise classes are well known to be attractive for adults to reach a sufficient level of health enhancing physical activity. Additionally, based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription, the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care. Unfortunately, the implementation of booth-local exercise classes and advisers is missing so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Universitätsinstitut für Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg - Universitätsklinikum, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Paul Haber
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Othmar Moser
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für , Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich.
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Deutschland.
| | - Raimund Weitgasser
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Privatklinik Wehrle-Diakonissen, Salzburg, Österreich
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Lin S, Jiang J, Chen B. BODY INDEX VARIATION IN THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER RESISTANCE TRAINING. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent research on the probability of increasing physical injuries during physical activities revealed that resistance training can improve physical performance of college students, prevent sports injuries and reduce the body fat rate of its practitioners. Objective: Analyze the effects of resistance training on the body index of university students. Methods: One hundred female college students were selected as experimenters to ensure normal activities for 16 weeks. The experimenter performed resistance training for 16 weeks, three times a week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, with three cycles each time. Results: After 16 weeks of experimental intervention, the average chest circumference, average waist circumference, average hip circumference, and average leg circumference of the experimental group were 83.27cm, 63.1cm, 89.95cm, 54.6cm, and 24.02%, respectively. After the experiment, the average back muscle strength of the experimental group increased by 5.11kg, and the average basal metabolism increased from 1204.4 kcal to 1260.59 kcal. Conclusion: Resistance training and aerobic exercise have the most significant effect on body fat rate. Resistance training can control the decline of body fat rate in college students to improve their physical quality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Zhejiang Police College, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Hebei University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
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Tee CCL, Cooke MB, Chong MC, Yeo WK, Camera DM. Mechanisms for Combined Hypoxic Conditioning and Divergent Exercise Modes to Regulate Inflammation, Body Composition, Appetite, and Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:327-348. [PMID: 36441492 PMCID: PMC9877079 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health issue and a primary risk factor for metabolic-related disorders. While physical inactivity is one of the main contributors to obesity, it is a modifiable risk factor with exercise training as an established non-pharmacological treatment to prevent the onset of metabolic-related disorders, including obesity. Exposure to hypoxia via normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude via reduced inspired oxygen fraction), termed hypoxic conditioning, in combination with exercise has been increasingly shown in the last decade to enhance blood glucose regulation and decrease the body mass index, providing a feasible strategy to treat obesity. However, there is no current consensus in the literature regarding the optimal combination of exercise variables such as the mode, duration, and intensity of exercise, as well as the level of hypoxia to maximize fat loss and overall body compositional changes with hypoxic conditioning. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of such diverse exercise and hypoxic variables on the systematic and myocellular mechanisms, along with physiological responses, implicated in the development of obesity. These include markers of appetite regulation and inflammation, body conformational changes, and blood glucose regulation. As such, we consolidate findings from human studies to provide greater clarity for implementing hypoxic conditioning with exercise as a safe, practical, and effective treatment strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chow Li Tee
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Mee Chee Chong
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Wee Kian Yeo
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Donny M Camera
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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22
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Englund S, Piehl F, Kierkegaard M. High-intensity resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis experiencing fatigue: A randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104106. [PMID: 36037752 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise studies including only fatigued persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with fatigue as primary endpoint are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on self-reported fatigue in fatigued PwMS in a single center randomised controlled trial. METHODS We recruited 71 PwMS scoring ≥ 53 on the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), who were randomised 1:1 to either twice (group A) or once (group B) weekly supervised HIRT for twelve weeks. A non-randomised FSMC score-matched group (n=69) served as non-intervention control. RESULTS Between HIRT-group differences were non-significant for primary and most secondary endpoints. Mean difference in FSMC score (95% confidence intervals) was -10.9 (-14.8; -6.9) in group A and -9.8 (-13.2; -6.3) in group B. Corresponding values for combined HIRT groups vs non-intervention control were -10.3 (-12.9; -7.7) and 1.5 (-0.6;3.6), respectively, p<0.001. Secondary endpoints also improved in both HIRT groups, though only Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety and MS Impact Scale-29 psychological subscales significantly favoured the twice a week HIRT (group A). As an exploratory endpoint, changes in plasma inflammatory protein markers were associated with reduced FSMC scores in the pooled material. CONCLUSION The finding that HIRT in fatigued PwMS leads to clinically relevant reductions in self-reported fatigue, associated with changes in plasma inflammatory protein levels, provide evidence for recommending HIRT for fatigued PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Englund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Specialist Center, Center of Neurology, Stockholm Health Services, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - F Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Specialist Center, Center of Neurology, Stockholm Health Services, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kierkegaard
- Academic Specialist Center, Center of Neurology, Stockholm Health Services, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Maleki F, Safarzade A. The Effects of Resistance Training on some Inflammatory Markers, Appetite-Regulating Peptides and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Women. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:524-529. [PMID: 39005519 PMCID: PMC11245294 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_214_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory condition, which plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and disorder in appetite regulation. Resistance training (RT) can improve low-grade systemic inflammation caused by obesity by improving body composition. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether RT with improvement in inflammatory status leads to improvement of metabolic markers and appetite-regulating peptides in obese women. Methods Sixteen obese and healthy women were randomly divided into RT and control groups. The RT group participated in 8 weeks of RT. Blood samples and anthropometric characteristics were taken before the start of the exercise protocol and 3 days after the last training session. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured. Results After 8 weeks of training, body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI) in the control group increased significantly (P < 0.01), but in the training group, anthropometric characteristics remained unchanged. Serum levels of ghrelin and leptin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor remained unchanged after 8 weeks of RT. A significant increase in insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels was observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion It seems that 8 weeks of RT is not enough to induce an anti-inflammatory response and improve body composition and subsequently improve appetite and metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki
- Departments of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Alireza Safarzade
- Departments of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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24
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Handford J, Chen M, Rai R, Moss CL, Enting D, Peat N, Karagiannis SN, Van Hemelrijck M, Russell B. Is There a Role for Exercise When Treating Patients with Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205039. [PMID: 36291823 PMCID: PMC9599872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of using exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not well known. Our objective was to determine the extent of, and identify gaps within, available literature addressing the effect of exercise on (a) oncological outcomes and (b) quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer receiving ICIs, and (c) the underlying biological mechanisms for such effects. We conducted searches across EMBASE, APA PsycInfo and Ovid MEDLINE(R). Studies were eligible if they addressed at least one aspect of the objective and were available in the English language. Results were synthesised using a narrative approach and subsequently discussed with multidisciplinary stakeholders. As of the final search on 5 April 2022, 11 eligible studies were identified, of which 8 were preclinical and 3 were clinical. Clinical studies only focused on QoL-related outcomes. When studies were grouped by whether they addressed oncological outcomes (n = 7), QoL (n = 5) or biological mechanisms (n = 7), they were found to be heterogeneous in methodology and findings. Additional evidence, particularly in the clinical setting, is required before robust recommendations about whether, and how, to include exercise alongside ICI treatment can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Handford
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Miaoqi Chen
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ridesh Rai
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charlotte L. Moss
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Deborah Enting
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nicola Peat
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Beth Russell
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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25
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"HIIT the Inflammation": Comparative Effects of Low-Volume Interval Training and Resistance Exercises on Inflammatory Indices in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients Undergoing Caloric Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14101996. [PMID: 35631137 PMCID: PMC9145085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone in metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, the effects of low-volume exercise modalities on MetS-associated low-grade inflammation are unclear. A total of 106 MetS patients (53.7 ± 11.4 years) were randomized to low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT, 14 min/session), single-set resistance training (1-RT, ~15 min/session), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS, 20 min/session), three-set resistance training (3-RT, ~50 min/session), each performed 2 ×/week for 12 weeks, or a control group (CON). All groups received nutritional counseling for weight loss. Inflammatory and cardiometabolic indices were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight by an average of 3.6%. Only LOW-HIIT reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (−1.6 mg/L, p = 0.001) and interleukin-6 (−1.1 pg/mL, p = 0.020). High-sensitivity CRP and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein decreased following LOW-HIIT (−1.4 mg/L, p = 0.001 and −2.1 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and 3-RT (−0.6 mg/L, p = 0.044 and −2.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). MetS severity score improved with LOW-HIIT (−1.8 units, p < 0.001), 1-RT (−1.6 units, p = 0.005), and 3-RT (−2.3 units, p < 0.001). Despite similar effects on body weight, low-volume exercise modalities have different impact on inflammatory and cardiometabolic outcomes in MetS patients. LOW-HIIT has superior efficacy for improving inflammation compared to 1-RT and WB-EMS. Resistance-based exercise appears to require a higher volume to promote beneficial impact on inflammation.
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26
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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27
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Van Ancum JM, Tuttle CSL, Koopman R, Pijnappels M, Meskers CGM, Paul SK, Lim WK, Reijnierse EM, Lynch GS, Maier AB. Albumin and C-reactive protein relate to functional and body composition parameters in patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation after acute hospitalization: findings from the RESORT cohort. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:623-632. [PMID: 35235196 PMCID: PMC9151554 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) are non-specific markers of inflammation, which could affect muscle tissue during acute hospitalization. We investigated the association between albumin and CRP during acute hospitalization with functional and body composition parameters in patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation. METHODS The REStORing Health of Acutely Unwell AdulTs (RESORT) cohort includes geriatric rehabilitation patients assessed for change in activities of daily living (ADL, using the Katz index) during acute hospitalization, and subsequently for Katz ADL, gait speed (GS), handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) at geriatric rehabilitation admission. Albumin and CRP average (median), variation (interquartile range), and maximum or minimum were collected from serum samples, and were examined for their association with functional and body composition parameters using multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and length of acute hospital stay. RESULTS 1769 Inpatients were included for analyses (mean age 82.6 years ± 8.1, 56% female). Median length of acute hospitalization was 7 [IQR 4, 13] days and median number of albumin and CRP measurements was 5 [IQR 3, 12] times. ADL declined in 89% of patients (median - 3 points, IQR - 4, - 2). Lower average albumin, higher albumin variation and lower minimum albumin were associated with larger declines in ADL and with lower ADL, GS, HGS and SMI at geriatric rehabilitation admission. Higher average and maximum CRP were associated with lower GS. CONCLUSION Inflammation, especially lower albumin concentrations, during acute hospitalization is associated with lower physical function at geriatric rehabilitation admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M Van Ancum
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla S L Tuttle
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Medical Research Building, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mirjam Pijnappels
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjoy K Paul
- Melbourne EpiCentre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wen Kwang Lim
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Medical Research Building, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Medical Research Building, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Medical Research Building, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Longevity @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Senna GW, Dantas EHM, Scudese E, Brandão PP, Lira VA, Baffi M, Ribeiro LCP, Simão R, Thomas E, Bianco A. Higher Muscle Damage Triggered by Shorter Inter-Set Rest Periods in Volume-Equated Resistance Exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827847. [PMID: 35295573 PMCID: PMC8920480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the manuscript was to analyze the effects of two rest periods between volume-equated resistance exercise (RE) on inflammatory responses (cytokines and leukocyte) and muscle damage. Methods Ten trained men (26.40 ± 4.73 years, 80.71 ± 8.95 kg, and 176.03 ± 6.11 cm) voluntarily participated in training sessions consisting of five sets of 10 reps performed at 10-RM on (1) the barbell bench press followed by (2) leg press, with either 1- or 3-min rest between sets and exercises. Circulating concentrations of different biomarkers was measured before (Pre), and after 3 h (excepted for cytokines), 6, 12, and 24 h from exercise. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after each set on both planned visits. Results We found greater increases triggered by the 1-min rest period in Creatine Kinase (CK), occurring from 12 to 24 h post-exercise compared to the 3-min rest condition. A significant increase in the 1-min rest condition was also observed in the total number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. The 1-min rest period also triggered increases compared to baseline in pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), p = 0.004; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), p = 0.01; and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), p = 0.01], which were more evident after 6 and 12 h post-exercise. Similarly, increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin 5 (IL-5), p = 0.01; Interleukin 6 (IL-6), p = 0.01; and Interleukin 10 (IL-10), p = 0.01] at all time-points were observed. Conclusion Our results indicate that a 1-min rest condition in volume-equated RE promoted greater overall muscle tissue damage with a longer duration of the inflammatory processes compared to a 3-min rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Weber Senna
- Sports Science and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Petrópolis Catholic University, Petrópolis, Brazil
- Nursing and Biosciences Post-graduation Program, Doctorate of Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
- Nursing and Biosciences Post-graduation Program, Doctorate of Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biosciences Laboratory of Human Movement (LABIMH), Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Sports Science and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Petrópolis Catholic University, Petrópolis, Brazil
- Nursing and Biosciences Post-graduation Program, Doctorate of Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Paraguassú Brandão
- Nursing and Biosciences Post-graduation Program, Doctorate of Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Matheus Baffi
- Sports Science and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Petrópolis Catholic University, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Pereira Ribeiro
- Nursing and Biosciences Post-graduation Program, Doctorate of Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Simão
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ewan Thomas,
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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29
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Can systemic myokine response to an acute exercise bout predict high and low responders to resistance training? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Villar-Fincheira P, Paredes AJ, Hernández-Díaz T, Norambuena-Soto I, Cancino-Arenas N, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Contreras-Briceño F, Mandiola J, Bruneau N, García L, Ocaranza MP, Troncoso R, Gabrielli L, Chiong M. Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor Regulates Interleukin-6-Dependent Vascular Remodeling in Long-Distance Runners. Front Physiol 2021; 12:722528. [PMID: 34707507 PMCID: PMC8542859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.722528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of training load on exercise-induced plasma increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and their relationship with vascular remodeling. We sought to evaluate the role of sIL 6R as a regulator of IL-6-induced vascular remodeling. Forty-four male marathon runners were recruited and allocated into two groups: low-training (LT, <100 km/week) and high-training (HT, ≥100 km/week), 22 athletes per group. Twenty-one sedentary participants were used as reference. IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 levels were measured in plasma samples obtained before and immediately after finishing a marathon (42.2-km). Aortic diameter was measured by echocardiography. The inhibitory effect of sIL-6R on IL-6-induced VSMC migration was assessed using cultured A7r5 VSMCs. Basal plasma IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were similar among sedentary and athlete groups. Plasma IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were elevated after the marathon, and HT athletes had higher post-race plasma sIL-6R, but not IL-6, level than LT athletes. No changes in sgp130 plasma levels were found in LT and HT groups before and after running the marathon. Athletes had a more dilated ascending aorta and aortic root than sedentary participants with no differences between HT and LT athletes. However, a positive correlation between ascending aorta diameter and plasma IL-6 levels corrected by training load and years of training was observed. IL-6 could be responsible for aorta dilation because IL-6 stimulated VSMC migration in vitro, an effect that is inhibited by sIL-6R. However, IL-6 did not modify cell proliferation, collagen type I and contractile protein of VSMC. Our results suggest that exercise induces vascular remodeling. A possible association with IL-6 is proposed. Because sIL-6R inhibits IL-6-induced VSMC migration, a possible mechanism to regulate IL-6-dependent VSMC migration is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aaron J Paredes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Hernández-Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Mandiola
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Bruneau
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Candrawati S, Huriyati E, Sofro ZM, Rujito L, Faza AN, Rohmawati ON, Aqiilah AR. High-intensity Interval Training Improves Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Women: Based on the Study of the UCP2 Ala55Val Gene. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased inflammatory mediators in obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome. Exercise is an effective effort to reduce the incidence of obesity. The High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program is an exercise which include combination of high-intensity exercise and rest periods. The decrease in body fat levels due to physical training will further affect inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and TNFα. Besides training factor, genetic also play a role on obesity. One of the genes that influence obesity is the UCP2 Ala55Val gene.
Objectives: This research aims to see the effect of HIIT on the levels of inflammatory mediators in obese patients based on the study of the Ala55Val UCP2 gene.
Methods: This study was a Quasi-Experimental Pre and Post Design Without Control Group. Thirty obese women (BMI≥25 kg/m2) were given High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as an intervention by comparing the data before and after the intervention. The training intervention was conducted for 12 weeks, consisting of two weeks of adaptation and ten weeks of HIIT intervention. The body weight, BMI and inflammatory mediators (TNFα and IL 6) before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Dependent T-Test and Wilcoxon Test as a nonparametric test. Independent T-Test and Mann Whitney test used to determine the effect of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene on changes in body weight, BMI and the inflammatory mediator. The test results were considered significantly different if p<0.05.
Results: Bivariate analysis using Dependent T-Test showed that HIIT significantly improved Body Weight, BMI and IL6 with p=0.0001. Wilcoxon Test showed that HIIT significantly improved TNFα with p=0.0001. Independent T-Test showed no difference in body weight (p=0.719), BMI (p=0.663) and TNFα (p=0.264) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene. Mann Whitney Test showed no difference in IL6 (p=0.288) improvement in the two genotypes of the UCP2 Ala55Val gene.
Conclusion: The research concluded that the 12-week HIIT interventions improved inflammatory mediators by reducing IL6 and TNFα in obese women. There was no effect of genetic variation on the response to training intervention.
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Fleckenstein J, Neuberger EWI, Bormuth P, Comes F, Schneider A, Banzer W, Fischer L, Simon P. Investigation of the Sympathetic Regulation in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: Results of an RCT. Front Physiol 2021; 12:697335. [PMID: 34603072 PMCID: PMC8481669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.697335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports-related pain and injury is directly linked to tissue inflammation, thus involving the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In the present experimental study, we disable the sympathetic part of the ANS by applying a stellate ganglion block (SGB) in an experimental model of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the biceps muscle. We included 45 healthy participants (female 11, male 34, age 24.16 ± 6.67 years [range 18-53], BMI 23.22 ± 2.09 kg/m2) who were equally randomized to receive either (i) an SGB prior to exercise-induced DOMS (preventive), (ii) sham intervention in addition to DOMS (control/sham), or (iii) SGB after the induction of DOMS (rehabilitative). The aim of the study was to determine whether and to what extent sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) is involved in DOMS processing. Focusing on the muscular area with the greatest eccentric load (biceps distal fifth), a significant time × group interaction on the pressure pain threshold was observed between preventive SGB and sham (p = 0.034). There was a significant effect on pain at motion (p = 0.048), with post hoc statistical difference at 48 h (preventive SGB Δ1.09 ± 0.82 cm VAS vs. sham Δ2.05 ± 1.51 cm VAS; p = 0.04). DOMS mediated an increase in venous cfDNA -as a potential molecular/inflammatory marker of DOMS- within the first 24 h after eccentric exercise (time effect p = 0.018), with a peak at 20 and 60 min. After 60 min, cfDNA levels were significantly decreased comparing preventive SGB to sham (unpaired t-test p = 0.008). At both times, 20 and 60 min, cfDNA significantly correlated with observed changes in PPT. The 20-min increase was more sensitive, as it tended toward significance at 48 h (r = 0.44; p = 0.1) and predicted the early decrease of PPT following preventive stellate blocks at 24 h (r = 0.53; p = 0.04). Our study reveals the broad impact of the ANS on DOMS and exercise-induced pain. For the first time, we have obtained insights into the sympathetic regulation of pain and inflammation following exercise overload. As this study is of a translational pilot character, further research is encouraged to confirm and specify our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fleckenstein
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elmo W. I. Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bormuth
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabio Comes
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angelika Schneider
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorenz Fischer
- Professor em. Interventional Pain Management, Neural Therapy, General Internal Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, Intense Exercise Training as a Healthy Aging Lifestyle Strategy: Preventing DNA Damage, Telomere Shortening and Adverse DNA Methylation Changes Over a Lifetime. Front Genet 2021; 12:652497. [PMID: 34421981 PMCID: PMC8379006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of telomeres, the 5'-TTAGGG n -3' tandem repeats at the ends of mammalian chromosomes, is one of the main indicators of biological age. Telomeres undergo shortening with each cellular division. This subsequently leads to alterations in the expression of several genes that encode vital proteins with critical functions in many tissues throughout the body, and ultimately impacts cardiovascular, immune and muscle physiology. The sub-telomeric DNA is comprised of heavily methylated, heterochromatin. Methylation and histone acetylation are two of the most well-studied examples of the epigenetic modifications that occur on histone proteins. DNA methylation is the type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Although diet, genetic predisposition and a healthy lifestyle seem to alter DNA methylation and telomere length (TL), recent evidence suggests that training status or physical fitness are some of the major factors that control DNA structural modifications. In fact, TL is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level (sedentary, active, moderately trained, or elite) and training intensity, but is shorter in over-trained athletes. Similarly, somatic cells are vulnerable to exercise-induced epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation. Exercise-training load, however, depends on intensity and volume (duration and frequency). Training load-dependent responses in genomic profiles could underpin the discordant physiological and physical responses to exercise. In the current review, we will discuss the role of various forms of exercise training in the regulation of DNA damage, TL and DNA methylation status in humans, to provide an update on the influence exercise training has on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Prince
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sports and Wellness, Department of Students Affairs, College of North Atlantic Qatar (CNAQ), Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Luk HY, Levitt DE, Appell C, Vingren JL. Sex Dimorphism in Muscle Damage-induced Inflammation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1595-1605. [PMID: 34261990 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal changes on intramuscular cytokine gene expression after muscle damage in untrained men and women. METHODS Men (n = 8, 22 ± 3 yr) and women (n = 8, 19 ± 1 yr) completed two sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE bout (EX) or a time-matched period (CON). Muscle samples (vastus laterals) were analyzed for mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IL-15, TNFA, TGFB, CCL2, and CD68 at PRE, 12 h, and 24 h after the session. RESULTS A significant time-sex-condition interaction was found for TGFB with an increase for EX in men at 12 h from PRE. For EX, TGFB was also greater in men than in women at 12 and 24 h. Significant time-sex and condition-sex interactions were found for IL-10 with an increase for men that was greater than for women at 12 and 24 h. IL-10 was lower in EX than CON for men. A significant time-sex interaction was found for TNFA with an increase for men that was greater than for women at 24 h. A significant time-condition interaction was found for CD68 with an increase at 12 h and decrease at 24 h for EX and CON. CD68 was lower in EX than CON at 12 h. A significant time effect was found for IL6 and CCL2 with an increase at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that women seem to have a muted intramuscular cytokine (i.e., IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β) response to muscle damage compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Luk
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | | | - Casey Appell
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
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35
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Effect of intermittent hypoxic conditioning on inflammatory biomarkers in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111478. [PMID: 34256114 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and with a decrease in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a resistance training programme in conditions of intermittent hypoxia on inflammatory biomarkers in older people. A total of 54 older adults (aged 65-75 years), who voluntarily participated in the study, were randomly divided into three groups: the control (CON) group, the resistance training normoxia (RTN) group that performed resistance training in normoxia and resistance training hypoxia (RTH) group that trained under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 2500 m above sea level. The training programme that was carried out during 24 weeks was similar in both experimental groups and consisted of a full-body workout with elastic bands and kettlebells (three sets x 12-15 reps). Blood inflammatory parameters (CRP, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were analysed before and after the intervention. After the resistance training programme, a significant decrease in CRP and IL-8 levels was observed, as well as an increase in IL-10 levels, both in normoxia and hypoxia. These results show that resistance training, either in conditions of normoxia or hypoxia, is useful to deal with the chronic inflammation associated with ageing.
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Pereira-Neto EA, Lewthwaite H, Boyle T, Johnston K, Bennett H, Williams MT. Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on vascular function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11554. [PMID: 34277146 PMCID: PMC8272459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE) improves physical fitness, with theorized positive effects on vascular function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report (1) the effects of BFRE on vascular function in adults with or without chronic health conditions, and (2) adverse events and adherence reported for BFRE. Methodology Five electronic databases were searched by two researchers independently to identify studies reporting vascular outcomes following BFRE in adults with and without chronic conditions. When sufficient data were provided, meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression were performed. Results Twenty-six studies were included in the review (total participants n = 472; n = 41 older adults with chronic conditions). Meta-analysis (k = 9 studies) indicated that compared to exercise without blood flow restriction, resistance training with blood flow restriction resulted in significantly greater effects on endothelial function (SMD 0.76; 95% CI [0.36–1.14]). No significant differences were estimated for changes in vascular structure (SMD −0.24; 95% CI [−1.08 to 0.59]). In exploratory meta-regression analyses, several experimental protocol factors (design, exercise modality, exercised limbs, intervention length and number of sets per exercise) were significantly associated with the effect size for endothelial function outcomes. Adverse events in BFRE studies were rarely reported. Conclusion There is limited evidence, predominantly available in healthy young adults, on the effect of BFRE on vascular function. Signals pointing to effect of specific dynamic resistance exercise protocols with blood flow restriction (≥4 weeks with exercises for the upper and lower limbs) on endothelial function warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisio A Pereira-Neto
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hayley Lewthwaite
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Terry Boyle
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kylie Johnston
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marie T Williams
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Moitinho-Silva L, Wegener M, May S, Schrinner F, Akhtar A, Boysen TJ, Schaeffer E, Hansen C, Schmidt T, Rühlemann MC, Hübenthal M, Rausch P, Kondakci MT, Maetzler W, Weidinger S, Laudes M, Süß P, Schulte D, Junker R, Sommer F, Weisser B, Bang C, Franke A. Short-term physical exercise impacts on the human holobiont obtained by a randomised intervention study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34078289 PMCID: PMC8170780 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human well-being has been linked to the composition and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. As regular exercise is known to improve human health, it is not surprising that exercise was previously described to positively modulate the gut microbiota, too. However, most previous studies mainly focused on either elite athletes or animal models. Thus, we conducted a randomised intervention study that focused on the effects of different types of training (endurance and strength) in previously physically inactive, healthy adults in comparison to controls that did not perform regular exercise. Overall study duration was ten weeks including six weeks of intervention period. In addition to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinally sampled faecal material of participants (six time points), detailed body composition measurements and analysis of blood samples (at baseline and after the intervention) were performed to obtain overall physiological changes within the intervention period. Activity tracker devices (wrist-band wearables) provided activity status and sleeping patterns of participants as well as exercise intensity and heart measurements. RESULTS Different biometric responses between endurance and strength activities were identified, such as a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) only within the strength intervention group. In the endurance group, we observed a significant reduction in hip circumference and an increase in physical working capacity (PWC). Though a large variation of microbiota changes were observed between individuals of the same group, we did not find specific collective alterations in the endurance nor the strength groups, arguing for microbiome variations specific to individuals, and therefore, were not captured in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS We could show that different types of exercise have distinct but moderate effects on the overall physiology of humans and very distinct microbial changes in the gut. The observed overall changes during the intervention highlight the importance of physical activity on well-being. Future studies should investigate the effect of exercise on a longer timescale, investigate different training intensities and consider high-resolution shotgun metagenomics technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS, DRKS00015873 . Registered 12 December 2018; Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michelle Wegener
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Schrinner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Awais Akhtar
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide J Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mustafa T Kondakci
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Süß
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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Mølmen KS, Hammarström D, Pedersen K, Lian Lie AC, Steile RB, Nygaard H, Khan Y, Hamarsland H, Koll L, Hanestadhaugen M, Eriksen AL, Grindaker E, Whist JE, Buck D, Ahmad R, Strand TA, Rønnestad BR, Ellefsen S. Vitamin D 3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:599-628. [PMID: 33788419 PMCID: PMC8200443 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. METHODS Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. RESULTS Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum , -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum . In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Karianne Pedersen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Anne Cecilie Lian Lie
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Ragnvald B. Steile
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Håvard Nygaard
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
- Department of BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesHamarNorway
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Lise Koll
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
| | | | | | - Eirik Grindaker
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | | | - Daniel Buck
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesHamarNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
- Centre for International HealthUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Bent R. Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL, Aboghaba B, Elrayess MA. The Impact of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins and Cytokines in Elderly: Insights From a Critical Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631873. [PMID: 33936044 PMCID: PMC8079972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of immunoglobulins and cytokines changes with an ageing immune system. This review summarizes findings from studies that have examined the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immunoglobulins and cytokines in the elderly. Our literature analysis revealed that acute endurance exercise resulted in increased secretory salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), while acute bouts of muscle strengthening exercise (i.e., isokinetic, eccentric, knee extensor exercise) increased plasma/muscle interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Chronic exercise in the form of short-term endurance training (i.e., 12-16 weeks) and long-term combined endurance and resistance training (i.e., 6-12 months) induced increases in salivary SIgA concentration. We additionally identified that short-term endurance training at moderate intensities and the combination of endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training increase plasma IL-10 and reduce plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy elderly adults and male patients with chronic heart failure. Strength training for 6-12 weeks did not alter plasma IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration in healthy elderly adults and patients with chronic-degenerative diseases, while 12 weeks of resistance training decreased muscle TNF-α mRNA in frail elderly individuals. Short-term (i.e., 10-24 weeks) moderate- to high-intensity strength training reduced LPS–IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, LPS–TNF-α and circulating concentrations of TNF-α and increased IL-10 in healthy elderly women and older people with cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that acute bouts of endurance exercise and short-term chronic exercise training exercise are appropriate methods to enhance mucosal immune function, reduce systemic markers of inflammation, and promote anti-inflammatory processes in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Baha Aboghaba
- Program of Exercise Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Jangjo-Borazjani S, Dastgheib M, Kiyamarsi E, Jamshidi R, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Helalizadeh M, Iraji R, Cornish SM, Mohammadi-Darestani S, Khojasteh Z, Azarbayjani MA. Effects of resistance training and nigella sativa on type 2 diabetes: implications for metabolic markers, low-grade inflammation and liver enzyme production. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-9. [PMID: 33612031 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1886117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Proper nutrition and exercise are effective strategies to improve overall metabolic health in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) supplementation during resistance training (RT) on some biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Forty patients were assigned to groups: RT + NS (RN), NS, RT + placebo (RP), and control (CO). RT was performed and NS was consumed for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at rest immediately before and after the 8 week intervention. RESULTS RT or NS by themselves reduced HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose, TG, TC, LDL, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT and ALP, and increased HDL and HOMA-S. The combination of RT and NS, rather than each intervention alone, had significant effects on reduction of HOMA-IR, insulin, ESR and CRP as well as increases in HDL, HOMA-β/S. CONCLUSION RT combined with NS is sometimes a better strategy compared to single interventions for improving diabetes related biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Jangjo-Borazjani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastgheib
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Efat Kiyamarsi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jamshidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Helalizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Iraji
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Zohreh Khojasteh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Lee YH, Lee PH, Lin LF, Liao CD, Liou TH, Huang SW. Effects of progressive elastic band resistance exercise for aged osteosarcopenic adiposity women. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111272. [PMID: 33549820 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), which is described as the concurrent occurrence of osteopenia, sarcopenia, and adiposity, can lead to frailty and increase the risk of physical disability in elderly women. Progressive elastic band resistance exercise training (peRET) is considered a safe and feasible exercise intervention for elderly women with sarcopenic obesity. This study investigated the effects of elastic band resistance exercise on the physical capacity and body composition of elderly women with osteosarcopenic adiposity. METHOD A total of 15 and 12 women were randomly assigned to the experimental (12 weeks of resistance exercise) and control groups (no exercise intervention), respectively. Lean mass (measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer) and physical capacity assessments (such as timed up and go test and single leg stance tests) were conducted at baseline, 12 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 months after the intervention. Outcome differences within the study and control groups were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine differences between groups at different time points. RESULTS After the intervention, no body composition changes in muscle mass and fat were observed between the study and control groups. Moreover, muscle mass and fat body composition did not significantly differ at different time points. The bone density was higher in the study group, with a higher T-score than their baseline values, but did not significantly differ compared with the control group. The study group exhibited more improved physical function than the control group, but the effect did not last after 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A 12-week progressive elastic band resistance training program effectively increased the physical capacity and improved the bone density; however, without persistent training, the positive effect diminished at 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hsia Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10675, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Gerontology and Health Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-De Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Paoli A, Cenci L, Pompei P, Sahin N, Bianco A, Neri M, Caprio M, Moro T. Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020374. [PMID: 33530512 PMCID: PMC7911670 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach that restricts daily carbohydrates, replacing most of the reduced energy with fat, while maintaining an adequate quantity of protein. Despite the widespread use of KD in weight loss in athletes, there are still many concerns about its use in sports requiring muscle mass accrual. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the influence of a KD in competitive natural body builders. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (27.4 ± 10.5 years) were randomly assigned to ketogenic diet (KD) or to a western diet (WD). Body composition, muscle strength and basal metabolic rate were measured before and after two months of intervention. Standard blood biochemistry, testosterone, IGF-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα) were also measured. Results: Body fat significantly decreased in KD (p = 0.030); whilst lean mass increased significantly only in WD (p < 0.001). Maximal strength increased similarly in both groups. KD showed a significant decrease of blood triglycerides (p < 0.001), glucose (p = 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cytokines compared to WD whilst BDNF increased in both groups with significant greater changes in KD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: KD may be used during body building preparation for health and leaning purposes but with the caution that hypertrophic muscle response could be blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cenci
- Brain, Mind and Computer Science Doctoral Program, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - PierLuigi Pompei
- Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Nese Sahin
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco Neri
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-5306
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Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010036. [PMID: 33466327 PMCID: PMC7824757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical, low-grade, inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological approaches have been applied for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of nutrition, however, their impact in human body remains uncertain, because of the fact that the majority of the studies reporting anti-inflammatory effect of dietary patterns, have been performed under laboratory settings and/or in animal models. Thus, the extrapolation of these results to humans is risky. It is therefore obvious that the development of an inflammatory model in humans, by which we could induce inflammatory responses to humans in a regulated, specific, and non-harmful way, could greatly facilitate the estimation of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in a more physiological way and mechanistically relevant way. We believe that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) could serve as such a model, either in studies investigating the homeostatic responses of individuals under inflammatory stimuli or for the estimation of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, supplements, nutrients, or phytochemicals. Thus, in this review we discuss the possibility of exercise-induced muscle damage being an inflammation model suitable for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in humans.
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Bagley JR, Burghardt KJ, McManus R, Howlett B, Costa PB, Coburn JW, Arevalo JA, Malek MH, Galpin AJ. Epigenetic Responses to Acute Resistance Exercise in Trained vs. Sedentary Men. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1574-1580. [PMID: 32459413 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bagley, JR, Burghardt, KJ, McManus, R, Howlett, B, Costa, PB, Coburn, JW, Arevalo, JA, Malek, MH, and Galpin, AJ. Epigenetic responses to acute resistance exercise in trained vs. sedentary men. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1574-1580, 2020-Acute resistance exercise (RE) alters DNA methylation, an epigenetic process that influences gene expression and regulates skeletal muscle adaptation. This aspect of cellular remodeling is poorly understood, especially in resistance-trained (RT) individuals. The study purpose was to examine DNA methylation in response to acute RE in RT and sedentary (SED) young men, specifically targeting genes responsible for metabolic, inflammatory, and hypertrophic muscle adaptations. Vastus lateralis biopsies were performed before (baseline), 30 minutes after, and 4 hours after an acute RE bout (3 × 10 repetitions at 70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM] leg press and leg extension) in 11 RT (mean ± SEM: age = 26.1 ± 1.0 years; body mass = 84.3 ± 0.2 kg; leg press 1RM = 412.6 ± 25.9 kg) and 8 SED (age = 22.9 ± 1.1 years; body mass = 75.6 ± 0.3 kg; leg press 1RM = 164.8 ± 22.5 kg) men. DNA methylation was analyzed through methylation sensitive high-resolution melting using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Separate 2 (group) × 3 (time) repeated-measures analyses of variance and analyses of covariance were performed to examine changes in DNA methylation for each target gene. Results showed that acute RE (a) hypomethylated LINE-1 (measure of global methylation) in RT but not SED, (b) hypermethylated metabolic genes (GPAM and SREBF2) in RT, while lowering SREBF2 methylation in SED, and (c) did not affect methylation of genes associated with inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) or hypertrophy (mTOR and AKT1). However, basal IL-6 and TNF-α were lower in SED compared with RT. These findings indicate the same RE stimulus can illicit different epigenetic responses in RT vs. SED men and provides a molecular mechanism underpinning the need for differential training stimuli based on subject training backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bagley
- Department of Kinesiology, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyle J Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ryan McManus
- Department of Kinesiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California; and
| | - Bradley Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo B Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California; and
| | - Jared W Coburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California; and
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Department of Kinesiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California; and
| | - Moh H Malek
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andrew J Galpin
- Department of Kinesiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California; and
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Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Castell L. A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32962110 PMCID: PMC7555806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is regular physical activity. This type of activity can enhance immune function and dramatically prevent the spread of the cytokine response and OS. However, if physical activity is done intensely at irregular intervals, it is not only unhealthy but can also lead to muscle damage, OS, and inflammation. In this review, the response of cytokines and OS to exercise is described. In addition, it is focused predominantly on the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from muscle metabolism and damage during exercise and on the modulatory effects of antioxidant supplements. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as age, sex, and type of exercise protocol (volume, duration, and intensity of training) is analyzed. The effect of antioxidant supplements on improving OS and inflammatory cytokines is somewhat ambiguous. More research is needed to understand this issue, considering in greater detail factors such as level of training, health status, age, sex, disease, and type of exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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Carneiro MA, de Oliveira Júnior GN, de Sousa JF, Murta EF, Orsatti CL, Michelin MA, Cyrino ES, Orsatti FL. Effects of Resistance Training at Different Loads on Inflammatory Biomarkers, Muscle Mass, Muscular Strength, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1582-1590. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Eskandari M, Golestani F, Rezae S, Mahmoudi N, Gaeini AA. The effect of 12-week resistance exercise training on serum levels of cellular aging process parameters in elderly men. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111090. [PMID: 32919015 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the prevention of cellular aging. The present study investigated the effect of 12-week resistance training (RT) on serum levels of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), and telomerase enzyme in elderly men. METHODS For this purpose, 30 elderly men (age 66.23 ± 0.57 years) were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training group (RET, n = 15) and control group (CTR, n = 15). Participants in RET performed RT protocols with intensity of 60% one-repetition maximum (3×/week, 4 sets of the six exercise circuits). Body composition, physical functioning and, blood samples were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 12-week intervention. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant increase in serum levels of SIRT1 (P = 0.001), SIRT3 (P = 0.001), SIRT6 (P = 0.02), PGC1-α (P = 0.001), and telomerase enzyme (P = 0.001) in RET. Also, we found a significant difference between the RET and CTR in serum levels of SIRT1 (P = 0.001), SIRT3 (P = 0.001), SIRT6 (P = 0.037), PGC1-α (P = 0.007), and telomerase enzyme (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS 12-Week RT increased the levels of proteins associated with the biological aging process in elderly men. It seems that the RT may have beneficial effects on cellular senescence and also improved impaired mitochondrial protein and enzymatic functional induced aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand-Moghadam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Eskandari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fateme Golestani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezae
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Mahmoudi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Nickels M, Mastana S, Hunter D, Denniff M, Codd V, Akam E. The effect of a 12-week resistance training intervention on leukocyte telomere length. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04151. [PMID: 32551387 PMCID: PMC7292922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dynamics are an active biological process and positive lifestyle factors such as exercise are proposed to potentiate their length. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a low-resistance, high-repetition resistance training intervention on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and associated health parameters. 23 sedentary middle-aged adults volunteered for this study (16 female/7 male; age = 51.5 ± 4.9 years) and performed two one-hour sessions of Les Mills BODYPUMP™ per week for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, after the training intervention and at 12-month follow-up. LTL remained unchanged following the training intervention (pre 0.819 ± 0.121 vs post 0.812 ± 0.114, p = 0.420), despite a borderline significant increase in hTERT expression (p = 0.050). Circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha were reduced after the intervention (p = 0.001). At 12-month follow-up, subjects who returned to a sedentary lifestyle (n = 10) displayed shorter telomeres compared to their pre (p = 0.036) values. In conclusion, no changes were observed in LTL following the 12-week training intervention, despite improvements in molecular parameters associated with telomere dynamics. It appears continued long-term exercise (>12 months) is necessary to preserve LTL in previously sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Nickels
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarabjit Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - David Hunter
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Importance of Frequency and Intensity of Strength Training for Reduced Musculoskeletal Pain in the Back, Neck-Shoulder, and Arm-Hand Among Physical Therapists. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:723-728. [PMID: 32464597 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain (MP) is common among health care professionals, including physical therapists (PTs). The physically demanding nature of their work might contribute to increase MP rates. Strength training has a positive effect on musculoskeletal health and MP. However, no studies have evaluated the association of strength training during leisure time on MP among PTs. This study aims to analyze the association between frequency and intensity of strength training during leisure time and MP in the back, neck-shoulder, and arm-hand among PTs. METHODS Data on MP and intensity and frequency of strength training were obtained using a questionnaire responded by 1006 PTs. The odds for having lower level of MP as a function of intensity or frequency of the strength training were estimated using binary logistic regression. RESULTS High-intensity strength training showed strong associations with lower intensity of MP in neck-shoulder (odds ratio = 5.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-18.92), arm-hand (odds ratio = 5.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-24.51), and back (odds ratio = 5.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-19.28). However, frequency and lower intensities were not significantly associated with MP in any body part. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity strength training is strongly associated with lower levels of MP in arm-hand, neck-shoulder, and back, whereas no association was found with frequency or lower intensities.
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Talemi MNPE, Ardakani SMP, Roozbeh B. Tribulus Terrestris may decrease muscle damage markers following a high-intensity resistance exercise: A pilot study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:500-506. [PMID: 32375572 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two weeks of Tribulus Terrestris (TT) on the responses of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and enzymes creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following a single session of resistance exercise (RE). Eighteen healthy non-athlete males (age: 22.44 ± 2.54 years, BMI: 26.15 ± 1.62 kg/m2) participated in this study and were divided randomly into two 9-person groups of supplementation or placebo. The participants consumed two 250-mg capsules of TT or placebo (maltodextrin) per day and performed six REs with the intensity 80, 85, and 90% of 1RM in three circles at the day after the end of supplementation period. Blood samples were collected before the initiation of supplementation, and before and after the RE session. Total changes of IL-6 (p<0.001) and LDH (p=0.005) were significant in both groups. Bonferroni post hoc test showed that increased values of IL-6 and CPK in both groups were significant after exercise compared with pre-exercise and baseline (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in relation to within- and between-group changes in hs-CRP (p>0.05). Moreover, differences between the groups regarding post-exercise IL-6 and CPK were not significant (p>0.05). However, post-exercise LDH in supplementation group were lower than placebo group (p=0.015). In conclusion, short-term supplementation with TT has no effect on IL-6 and hs-CRP, but may be effective on the reduction of muscle damage enzymes CPK and LDH following high-intensity circuit RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Behnam Roozbeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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