1
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Rout M, Tung GK, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Sanghera DK. Polygenic Risk Score Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z. [PMID: 38658478 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of various polygenic risk score (PRS) models derived from European (EU), South Asian (SA), and Punjabi Asian Indians (AI) studies on 13,974 subjects from AI ancestry. While all models successfully predicted Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, the AI, SA, and EU + AI were superior predictors and more transportable than the EU model; the predictive performance in training and test sets was 18% and 22% higher in AI and EU + AI models, respectively than in EU. Comparing individuals with extreme PRS quartiles, the AI and EU + AI captured individuals with high CAD risk showed 2.6 to 4.6 times higher efficiency than the EU. Interestingly, including the clinical risk score did not significantly change the performance of any genetic model. The enrichment of diversity variants in EU PRS improves risk prediction and transportability. Establishing population-specific normative and risk factors and inclusion into genetic models would refine the risk stratification and improve the clinical utility of CAD PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rout
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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2
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Garg A, Garg S, Farid A, Rai S, Gupta G, Dua K, Paudel KR, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A Critical Review on the Long-Term COVID-19 Impacts on Patients With Diabetes. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00133-5. [PMID: 38485111 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world is currently grappling with the potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), marking it as the most severe health crisis in the modern era. COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, with the World Health Organization (WHO) predicting that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting the virus compared to the general population. This review aims to provide a practical summary of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on different types of diabetic patients, the associated mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms, related complications, and the role of vitamin D and zinc in therapeutic and preventive approaches. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct in English, up to April 2023. RESULTS COVID-19 can lead to distressing symptoms and pose a significant challenge for individuals living with diabetes. Older individuals and those with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, coronary illness, and asthma are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Managing COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes presents challenges, as it not only complicates the fight against the infection but also potentially prolongs the recovery time. Moreover, the virus may thrive in individuals with high blood glucose levels. Various therapeutic approaches, including antidiabetic drugs, are available to help prevent COVID-19 in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes increases the morbidity and mortality risk for patients with COVID-19. Efforts are globally underway to explore therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the impact of diabetes on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Kukrikheda, Barela, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sweta Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shweta Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Gyan Vihar Marg, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Guo W, Zhang Z, Li L, Liang X, Wu Y, Wang X, Ma H, Cheng J, Zhang A, Tang P, Wang CZ, Wan JY, Yao H, Yuan CS. Gut microbiota induces DNA methylation via SCFAs predisposing obesity-prone individuals to diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106355. [PMID: 35842183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-prone (OP) individuals have a significant predisposition to obesity and diabetes. Previously, we have found that OP individuals, despite being normal in weight and BMI, have already exhibited diabetes-related DNA methylation signatures. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we determined the effects of gut microbiota on DNA methylation and investigated the underlying mechanism from microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Diabetes-related DNA methylation loci were screened and validated in a new OP cohort. Moreover, the OP group was revealed to have distinct gut microbiota compositions, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated the role of gut microbiota in inducing diabetes-related DNA methylations and glucolipid disorders. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis indicated a significantly lower level of total fecal SCFAs in the OP group. The gut microbiota from OP subjects yielded markedly decreased total SCFAs, while notably enriched propionate. Additionally, propionate was also identified by variable importance in projection (VIP) score as the most symbolic SCFAs of the OP group. Further cellular experiments verified that propionate could induce hypermethylation at locus cg26345888 and subsequently inhibit the expression of the target gene DAB1, which was crucially associated with clinical vitamin D deficiency and thus may affect the development and progression of diabetes. In conclusion, our study revealed that gut microbiota-derived propionate induces specific DNA methylation, thus predisposing OP individuals to diabetes. The findings partially illuminate the mechanisms of diabetes susceptibility in OP populations, implying gut microbiota and SCFAs may serve as promising targets both for clinical treatment and medication development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zengliang Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Liang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Ma
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haiqiang Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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Venkatesan V, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Arya R, Ramu D, Koshy T, Ravichandran U, Ponnala AR, Sharma SK, Lodha S, Sharma KK, Shaik MV, Resendez RG, Venugopal P, R P, Saju N, Ezeilo JA, Bejar C, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Vadlamudi RR, Almeida M, Mummidi S, Natesan C, Blangero J, Medicherla KM, Thanikachalam S, Panchatcharam TS, Kandregula DK, Gupta R, Sanghera DK, Duggirala R, Paul SFD. Burden of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Cardiometabolic Traits and Their Heritability Estimates in Endogamous Ethnic Groups of India: Findings From the INDIGENIUS Consortium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847692. [PMID: 35498404 PMCID: PMC9048207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its genetic profile in endogamous populations of India given the paucity of data, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T2D and estimate its heritability using family-based cohorts from three distinct Endogamous Ethnic Groups (EEGs) representing Northern (Rajasthan [Agarwals: AG]) and Southern (Tamil Nadu [Chettiars: CH] and Andhra Pradesh [Reddys: RE]) states of India. For comparison, family-based data collected previously from another North Indian Punjabi Sikh (SI) EEG was used. In addition, we examined various T2D-related cardiometabolic traits and determined their heritabilities. These studies were conducted as part of the Indian Diabetes Genetic Studies in collaboration with US (INDIGENIUS) Consortium. The pedigree, demographic, phenotypic, covariate data and samples were collected from the CH, AG, and RE EEGs. The status of T2D was defined by ADA guidelines (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and/or use of diabetes medication/history). The prevalence of T2D in CH (N = 517, families = 21, mean age = 47y, mean BMI = 27), AG (N = 530, Families = 25, mean age = 43y, mean BMI = 27), and RE (N = 500, Families = 22, mean age = 46y, mean BMI = 27) was found to be 33%, 37%, and 36%, respectively, Also, the study participants from these EEGs were found to be at increased cardiometabolic risk (e.g., obesity and prediabetes). Similar characteristics for the SI EEG (N = 1,260, Families = 324, Age = 51y, BMI = 27, T2D = 75%) were obtained previously. We used the variance components approach to carry out genetic analyses after adjusting for covariate effects. The heritability (h2) estimates of T2D in the CH, RE, SI, and AG were found to be 30%, 46%, 54%, and 82% respectively, and statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Other T2D related traits (e.g., BMI, lipids, blood pressure) in AG, CH, and RE EEGs exhibited strong additive genetic influences (h2 range: 17% [triglycerides/AG and hs-CRP/RE] - 86% [glucose/non-T2D/AG]). Our findings highlight the high burden of T2D in Indian EEGs with significant and differential additive genetic influences on T2D and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Deepika Ramu
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Umarani Ravichandran
- Department of Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Amaresh Reddy Ponnala
- Department of Endocrinology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital, Nellore, India
| | | | - Sailesh Lodha
- Departments of Preventive Cardiology, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Mount Sinai New York Affiliate, Jaipur, India
| | - Krishna K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahaboob Vali Shaik
- Department of Endocrinology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, India
| | - Roy G. Resendez
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Priyanka Venugopal
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Parthasarathy R
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Noelta Saju
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Juliet A. Ezeilo
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Gurpreet S. Wander
- Hero Dayanand Medical College (DMC) Heart Institute, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhaina, India
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero Dayanand Medical College (DMC) Heart Institute, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhaina, India
| | - Jai Rup Singh
- Honorary or Emeritus Faculty, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Narinder K. Mehra
- Honorary or Emeritus Faculty, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Chidambaram Natesan
- Department of Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Sadagopan Thanikachalam
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Departments of Preventive Cardiology, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Mount Sinai New York Affiliate, Jaipur, India
| | - Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Solomon F. D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
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5
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An Overview of Systematic Reviews of the Role of Vitamin D on Inflammation in Patients with Diabetes and the Potentiality of Its Application on Diabetic Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052873. [PMID: 35270015 PMCID: PMC8911457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost two years have passed since the outbreak reported for the first time in Wuhan of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus, rapidly evolved into a pandemic. This infectious disease has stressed global health care systems. The mortality rate is higher, particularly in elderly population and in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal disease, and malignancy. Among them, subjects with diabetes have a high risk of developing severe form of COVID-19 and show increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Vitamin D (VD) is a modulator of immune-response. Data from literature showed that vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients increases COVID-19 severity, likely because of its negative impact on immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, the use of vitamin D might play a role in some aspects of the infection, particularly the inflammatory state and the immune system function of patients. Moreover, a piece of evidence highlighted a link among vitamin D deficiency, obesity and diabetes, all factors associated with COVID-19 severity. Given this background, we performed an overview of the systematic reviews to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes; furthermore, vitamin D’s possible role in COVID-19 patients was assessed as well. Three databases, namely MEDLINE, PubMed Central and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, were reviewed to retrieve the pertinent data. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the recent advances about the molecular basis of the relationship between vitamin D, immune response, inflammation, diabetes and COVID-19.
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6
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Bejar CA, Goyal S, Afzal S, Mangino M, Zhou A, van der Most PJ, Bao Y, Gupta V, Smart MC, Walia GK, Verweij N, Power C, Prabhakaran D, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Kinra S, Kumari M, de Borst MH, Hyppönen E, Spector TD, Nordestgaard BG, Blackett PR, Sanghera DK. A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study to evaluate the causal role of reduced blood vitamin D levels with type 2 diabetes risk in South Asians and Europeans. Nutr J 2021; 20:71. [PMID: 34315477 PMCID: PMC8314596 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Multiple observational studies have reported an
inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin
D concentrations (25(OH)D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results of
short- and long-term interventional trials concerning the relationship between 25(OH)D and T2D risk have been
inconsistent. Objectives and methods To evaluate the causal role of reduced blood
25(OH)D in T2D, here we have performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization
study using 59,890 individuals (5,862 T2D cases and 54,028 controls) from
European and Asian Indian ancestries. We used six known SNPs, including three
T2D SNPs and three vitamin D pathway SNPs, as a genetic instrument to evaluate
the causality and direction of the association between T2D and circulating
25(OH)D concentration. Results Results of the combined meta-analysis of eight
participating studies showed that a composite score of three T2D SNPs would
significantly increase T2D risk by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24, p = 1.82 × 10–32; Z score 11.86, which, however, had
no significant association with 25(OH)D status (Beta -0.02nmol/L ± SE
0.01nmol/L; p = 0.83; Z score -0.21). Likewise, the genetically
instrumented composite score of 25(OH)D lowering alleles significantly
decreased 25(OH)D concentrations (-2.1nmol/L ± SE 0.1nmol/L,
p = 7.92 × 10–78; Z score -18.68) but was not
associated with increased risk for T2D (OR 1.00, p = 0.12;
Z score 1.54). However, using 25(OH)D synthesis SNP (DHCR7; rs12785878) as an
individual genetic instrument, a per allele reduction of 25(OH)D concentration
(-4.2nmol/L ± SE 0.3nmol/L)
was predicted to increase T2D risk by 5%, p = 0.004;
Z score 2.84. This effect, however, was not seen in other 25(OH)D SNPs (GC
rs2282679, CYP2R1 rs12794714) when used as an individual instrument. Conclusion Our new data on this bidirectional Mendelian
randomization study suggests that genetically instrumented T2D risk does not
cause changes in 25(OH)D levels. However, genetically regulated 25(OH)D
deficiency due to vitamin D synthesis gene (DHCR7) may influence the risk of
T2D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00725-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA
| | - Shiwali Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Melissa C Smart
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Jai Rup Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Narinder K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Department of Cardiology, Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, OK, 73104, OK City, USA. .,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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7
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Singh SK, Jain R, Singh S. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID- 19 infection. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1033-1035. [PMID: 32640414 PMCID: PMC7332933 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data show that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 infection. In this article, we review evidence of vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in context of diabetes mellitus. METHODS A literature search was carried out by using the key term 'COVID 19' combined with 'Diabetes', 'Vitamin D', 'Extra skeletal effects', 'immunity', 'infection', 'India' from Pub Med (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. A manual search of the references was also carried out. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in COVID -19 infections but convincing data on diabetic subgroup of patients in particular is still awaited. CONCLUSION Robust studies are required to ascertain if Vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in patients with diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Rujul Jain
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Jayashri R, Venkatesan U, Shanthirani CS, Deepa M, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Pradeepa R. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban south Indians with different grades of glucose tolerance. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1-8. [PMID: 32213226 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance. A total of 1500 individuals (900 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 300 prediabetes and 300 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) who were not on vitamin D supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical examination and biochemical investigations (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and serum lipids) were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 20·0 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20-29·9 ng/ml and sufficiency as ≥30 ng/ml. Of the 1500 individuals studied, 45 % were males and the mean age was 46 (sd 12) years. Vitamin D levels lowered with increasing degrees of glucose tolerance (NGT: 21 (sd 11); prediabetes: 19 (sd 10); T2DM: 18 (sd 11) ng/ml, P < 0·001). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55 % and was significantly higher among individuals with T2DM (63 %) followed by prediabetes (58 %) and NGT (51 %) (Pfor trend < 0·001). Women had 1·6 times the risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with men (unadjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·3, 2·0) and adjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·2, 1·9)). However, there was no increasing trend observed with increasing age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (66 v. 49 %), generalised obesity (80 v. 64 %), the metabolic syndrome (45 v. 37 %) and insulin resistance (38 v. 27 %) was significantly higher in those with vitamin D deficiency compared with those without. This study shows that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in this urban south Indian population and was higher among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes compared with those with NGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Ulagamathesan Venkatesan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Coimbatore S Shanthirani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Chennai, India
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Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: Causality. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:29-43. [PMID: 28027913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates blood pressure, cardiac functions, and endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions, thus, playing an important role in cardiovascular health. Observational studies report associations between vitamin D deficiency with hypertension and cardiovascular-related deaths. Peer-reviewed papers were examined in several research databases as per the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using key words that address the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Correlations and interpretations were made considering the risks-benefits, broader evidence, and implications. This review analyzed current knowledge regarding the effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. 1,25(OH)2D and related epigenetic modifications subdue cellular inflammation, improve overall endothelial functions, reduce age-related systolic hypertension and vascular rigidity, and attenuate the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Most observational and ecological studies support 25(OH)vitamin D having protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the association of vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular diseases is based primarily on observational and ecological studies and thus, is a matter of controversy. Adequately powered, randomized controlled clinical trial data are not available to confirm these associations. Thus, to test the hypothesis that correction of vitamin D deficiency protects the cardiovascular system, well-designed, statistically powered, longer-term clinical trials are needed in persons with vitamin D deficiency. Nevertheless, the available data support that adequate vitamin D supplementation and/or sensible sunlight exposure to achieve optimal vitamin D status are important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Professor of Medicine, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Cardio Metabolic Institute, NJ, USA.
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Sanghera DK, Sapkota BR, Aston CE, Blackett PR. Vitamin D Status, Gender Differences, and Cardiometabolic Health Disparities. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:79-87. [PMID: 28315864 DOI: 10.1159/000458765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic found in India and also worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes among Indians, there is a paucity of data showing the relationship between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic disparities. In this study, we have examined the relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic traits in a population from India. METHODS Circulating 25(OH)D levels were measured in 3,879 participants from the Asian Indian Diabetic Heart Study using ELISA kits. RESULTS Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in both men and women with obesity. However, compared to women, serum vitamin D was consistently lower in men (p < 0.02), irrespective of the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Multivariate regression revealed strong interaction of vitamin D with body mass index that resulted in increased fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and reduced homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B; p = 0.01) in normoglycemic individuals. However, in gender-stratified analysis, this association was restricted to men for both fasting glucose (p = 2.4 × 10-4) and HOMA-B (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may significantly enhance the risk of cardiometabolic disease among Asian Indians. Future randomized trials and genetic studies are expected to clarify the underlying mechanisms for gender differences in vitamin D deficiency, and whether vitamin D-driven improvement in testosterone may contribute to beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Sapkota BR, Hopkins R, Bjonnes A, Ralhan S, Wander GS, Mehra NK, Singh JR, Blackett PR, Saxena R, Sanghera DK. Genome-wide association study of 25(OH) Vitamin D concentrations in Punjabi Sikhs: Results of the Asian Indian diabetic heart study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:149-156. [PMID: 26704534 PMCID: PMC4769937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in multiple disease conditions and accumulating evidence supports that the variation in serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, including deficiency, is under strong genetic control. However, the underlying genetic mechanism associated with vitamin 25(OH)D concentrations is poorly understood. We earlier reported a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity in a Punjabi Sikh diabetic cohort as part of the Asian Indian diabetic heart study (AIDHS). Here we have performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum 25(OH)D on 3538 individuals from this Punjabi Sikh population. Our discovery GWAS comprised of 1387 subjects followed by validation of 24 putative SNPs (P<10(-4)) using an independent replication sample (n=2151) from the same population by direct genotyping. A novel locus at chromosome 20p11.21 represented by rs2207173 with minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.29, [β=-0.13, p=4.47×10(-9)] between FOXA2 and SSTR4 was identified to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. Another suggestive association signal at rs11586313 (MAF 0.54) [β=0.90; p=1.36×10(-6)] was found within the regulatory region of the IVL gene on chromosome 1q21.3. Additionally, our study replicated 3 of 5 known GWAS genes associated with 25(OH)D concentrations including GC (p=0.007) and CYP2R1 (p=0.019) reported in Europeans and the DAB1 (p=0.003), reported in Hispanics. Identification of novel association signals in biologically plausible regions with 25(OH)D metabolism will provide new molecular insights on genetic drivers of vitamin D status and its implications in health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwa R Sapkota
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ruth Hopkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrew Bjonnes
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Narinder K Mehra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Rup Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Martín-Timón I, Sevillano-Collantes C, Segura-Galindo A, Cañizo-Gómez FJD. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength? World J Diabetes 2014; 5:444-470. [PMID: 25126392 PMCID: PMC4127581 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when the body cannot produce enough or effectively use of insulin. Compared with individuals without diabetes, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is it associated with an augmented prevalence of well-known risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. However the improved cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients can not be attributed solely to the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors. Therefore other non-traditional risk factors may be important in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects due to a complex combination of various traditional and non-traditional risk factors that have an important role to play in the beginning and the evolution of atherosclerosis over its long natural history from endothelial function to clinical events. Many of these risk factors could be common history for both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, reinforcing the postulate that both disorders come independently from “common soil”. The objective of this review is to highlight the weight of traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the setting of type 2 diabetes mellitus and discuss their position in the pathogenesis of the excess cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in these patients.
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Saxena R, Bjonnes A, Prescott J, Dib P, Natt P, Lane J, Lerner M, Cooper JA, Ye Y, Li KW, Maubaret CG, Codd V, Brackett D, Mirabello L, Kraft P, Dinney CP, Stowell D, Peyton M, Ralhan S, Wander GS, Mehra NK, Salpea KD, Gu J, Wu X, Mangino M, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I, Humphries SE, Samani NJ, Spector TD, Savage SA, Sanghera DK. Genome-wide association study identifies variants in casein kinase II (CSNK2A2) to be associated with leukocyte telomere length in a Punjabi Sikh diabetic cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:287-95. [PMID: 24795349 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is a heritable trait, and short telomere length has been associated with multiple chronic diseases. We investigated the relationship of relative leukocyte telomere length with cardiometabolic risk and performed the first genome-wide association study and meta-analysis to identify variants influencing relative telomere length in a population of Sikhs from South Asia. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results revealed a significant independent association of shorter relative telomere length with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Our discovery genome-wide association study (n=1616) was followed by stage 1 replication of 25 top signals (P<10(-6)) in an additional Sikhs (n=2397). On combined discovery and stage 1 meta-analysis (n= 4013), we identified a novel relative telomere length locus at chromosome 16q21 represented by an intronic variant (rs74019828) in the CSNK2A2 gene (β=-0.38; P=4.5×10(-8)). We further tested 3 top variants by genotyping in UK cardiovascular disease (UKCVD) (whites n=2952) for stage 2. Next, we performed in silico replication of 139 top signals (P<10(-5)) in UK Twin, Nurses Heart Study, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, and MD Anderson Cancer Controls (n=10 033) and joint meta-analysis (n=16 998). The observed signal in CSNK2A2 was confined to South Asians and could not be replicated in whites because of significant difference in allele frequencies (P<0.001). CSNK2A2 phosphorylates telomeric repeat binding factor 1 and plays an important role for regulation of telomere length homoeostasis. CONCLUSIONS By identification of a novel signal in telomere pathway genes, our study provides new molecular insight into the underlying mechanism that may regulate telomere length and its association with human aging and cardiometabolic pathophysiology.
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Howard EW, Been LF, Lerner M, Brackett D, Lightfoot S, Bullen EC, Sanghera DK. Carriers of a novel frame-shift insertion in WNT16a possess elevated pancreatic expression of TCF7L2. BMC Genet 2013; 14:28. [PMID: 23617586 PMCID: PMC3675375 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of TCF7L2 as a global type 2 diabetes (T2D) gene has sparked investigations to explore the clinical utility of its variants for guiding the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, interpreting the resulting associations into function still remains unclear. Canonical Wnt signaling regulates β-catenin and its binding with TCF7L2, which in turn is critical for the production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This study examines the role of a novel frame-shift insertion discovered in a conserved region of WNT16a, and it is proposed that this mutation affects T2D susceptibility in conjunction with gene variants in TCF7L2. RESULTS Our results predicted that the insertion would convert the upstream open reading frame in the Wnt16a mRNA to an alternative, in-frame translation initiation site, resulting in the prevention of nonsense-mediated decay, leading to a consequent stabilization of the mutated WNT16a message. To examine the role of Wnt16a in the Wnt signaling pathway, DNA and serum samples from 2,034 individuals (48% with T2D) from the Sikh Diabetes Study were used in this investigation. Prevalence of Wnt16a insertion did not differ among T2D cases (33%) and controls (32%). However, there was a 3.2 fold increase in Wnt16a mRNA levels in pancreatic tissues from the insertion carriers and a significant increase (70%, p < 0.0001) in luciferase activity in the constructs carrying the insertion. The expression of TCF7L2 mRNA in pancreas was also elevated (~23-fold) among the insertion carriers (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest synergistic effects of WNT16a insertion and the at-risk 'T' allele of TCF7L2 (rs7903146) for elevating the expression of TCF7L2 in human pancreas which may affect the regulation of downstream target genes involved in the development of T2D through Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling pathway. However, further studies would be needed to mechanistically link the two definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Howard
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma
Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Latonya F Been
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK,
73104, USA
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Stan Lightfoot
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bullen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma
Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK,
73104, USA
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