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Hasanian-Langroudi F, Ghasemi A, Hedayati M, Siadat SD, Tohidi M. Novel Insight into the Effect of Probiotics in the Regulation of the Most Important Pathways Involved in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:829-844. [PMID: 37162668 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered one of the most common disorders worldwide. Although several treatment modalities have been developed, the existing interventions have not yielded the desired results. Therefore, researchers have focused on finding treatment choices with low toxicity and few adverse effects that could control T2DM efficiently. Various types of research on the role of gut microbiota in developing T2DM and its related complications have led to the growing interest in probiotic supplementation. Several properties make these organisms unique in terms of human health, including their low cost, high reliability, and good safety profile. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that three of the most important signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, play key functions in the effects of probiotics on this disease. Hence, we will focus on the clinical applications of probiotics in the management of T2DM. Then, we will also discuss the roles of the involvement of various probiotics in the regulation of the most important signaling pathways (NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2) involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hasanian-Langroudi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran.
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Mei X, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhai X, Yang Y, Li Z, Li L. Maternal Phlorizin Intake Protects Offspring from Maternal Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Targeting Gut Microbiota to Activate the SCFA-GPR43 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4703-4725. [PMID: 38349207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders (MDs) in offspring, which can be mediated by the gut microbiota. Phlorizin (PHZ) can improve gut dysbiosis and positively affect host health; however, its transgenerational metabolic benefits remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential of maternal PHZ intake in attenuating the adverse impacts of a maternal high-fat diet on obesity-related MDs in dams and offspring. The results showed that maternal PHZ reduced HFD-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation and improved glucose intolerance and abnormal lipid profiles in both dams and offspring. PHZ improved gut dysbiosis by promoting expansion of SCFA-producing bacteria, Akkermansia and Blautia, while inhibiting LPS-producing and pro-inflammatory bacteria, resulting in significantly increased fecal SCFAs, especially butyric acid, and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide levels and intestinal inflammation. PHZ also promoted intestinal GLP-1/2 secretion and intestinal development and enhanced gut barrier function by activating G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) in the offspring. Antibiotic-treated mice receiving FMT from PHZ-regulated offspring could attenuate MDs induced by receiving FMT from HFD offspring through the gut microbiota to activate the GPR43 pathway. It can be regarded as a promising functional food ingredient for preventing intergenerational transmission of MDs and breaking the obesity cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Mei
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yi Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Xiwen Zhai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
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Giovannini N, Lattuada D, Danusso R, Ferrazzi E. From pandemic to syndemic: microbiota, pregnancy, and environment at a crossroad. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2183738. [PMID: 36977591 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2183738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aim: SARS-CoV2 is the latest pandemic that have plagued the socio-health system as an epiphenomenon resulting from planetary resources abuse, crucial for biodiversity. The Anthropocene best defines the present epoch in which human activity irreversibly manipulates intricate and delicate geological and biological balances established over eons. The devastating ecological and socio-economic implications of COVID-19, underline the importance of updating the present pandemic framework to a syndemic. This paper stems from the need to suggest to scientists, doctors, and patients a mission that integrates responsibility from individual to collective health, from present to trans-generational, from human to the entire biotic network. Today's choices are crucial for the perspective on all levels: political, economic, and health as well as cultural.Methods: Research on PubMed and other specific web-sites journal was performed on the topic "Microbiota", "Covid-19", "Pandemic", "Zoonosis", "SARS-CoV-2", "Environmental Pollutants", "Epigenetics", "Fetal Programming", "Human Extinction". Data collected were analysed for an integrative model of interconnection between environment, pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and microbiota. Moreover, systematic literature review allowed to summarise in a table information about the worst pandemics that afflicted the human species recently.Results: This paper offers a broad view of the current pandemic starting with pregnancy, the moment when a new life begins and the health trajectories of the unborn child are defined, which will inevitably have repercussions on his well-being. The fundamental role of the biodiversity-rich microbiota in avoiding the development of severe infectious diseases, is therefore highlighted. It is imperative to adjust the current reductionist paradigm based on mostly immediate symptom management towards a broader understanding of the spatial interconnection of ecological niches with human health and the impacts of today's choices on the future. Health and healthcare are elitist rather than egalitarian, therefore focusing on environmental health forces us to make a concerted and systemic effort that challenges political and economic barriers, which are biologically senseless. A healthy microbiota is essential to well-being, both by preventing chronic degenerative conditions, the infectiousness and pathogenicity of bacterial and viral diseases. SARS-CoV-2 should not be an exception. The human microbiota, forged by the first 1,000 days of life, is fundamental in shaping the health-disease trajectories, and by the everlasting exposome that is dramatically affected by the ecological disaster. Individual health is one world health whereas single and global well-being are interdependent in a space-time perspective.Conclusions: Is it not a convenient reductionism not to consider the COVID-19 emergency as a bio-social epiphenomenon of a far more devastating and multi-faceted crisis whose common denominator is the global biotic network loss of which humans are still part?
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Giovannini
- Department of women-child-newborn Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Debora Lattuada
- Department of women-child-newborn Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Danusso
- Department of women-child-newborn Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of women-child-newborn Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Kouidhi S, Zidi O, Belkhiria Z, Rais H, Ayadi A, Ben Ayed F, Mosbah A, Cherif A, El Gaaied ABA. Gut microbiota, an emergent target to shape the efficiency of cancer therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:240-265. [PMID: 37205307 PMCID: PMC10185446 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well-acknowledged that microbiota has a profound influence on both human health and illness. The gut microbiota has recently come to light as a crucial element that influences cancer through a variety of mechanisms. The connections between the microbiome and cancer therapy are further highlighted by a number of preclinical and clinical evidence, suggesting that these complicated interactions may vary by cancer type, treatment, or even by tumor stage. The paradoxical relationship between gut microbiota and cancer therapies is that in some cancers, the gut microbiota may be necessary to maintain therapeutic efficacy, whereas, in other cancers, gut microbiota depletion significantly increases efficacy. Actually, mounting research has shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the host immune response and boosting the efficacy of anticancer medications like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, gut microbiota modulation, which aims to restore gut microbial balance, is a viable technique for cancer prevention and therapy given the expanding understanding of how the gut microbiome regulates treatment response and contributes to carcinogenesis. This review will provide an outline of the gut microbiota's role in health and disease, along with a summary of the most recent research on how it may influence the effectiveness of various anticancer medicines and affect the growth of cancer. This study will next cover the newly developed microbiota-targeting strategies including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to enhance anticancer therapy effectiveness, given its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
- Correspondence: Soumaya Kouidhi, Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia. ;
| | - Oumaima Zidi
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Department of Biologu, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | | | - Henda Rais
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Salah-Azaïz, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Aida Ayadi
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Ben Ayed
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar El Gaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Park SY, Jung YD. Bile acids and microbes in metabolic disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6846-6866. [PMID: 36632317 PMCID: PMC9827586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients, lipids and vitamins. BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucial roles in gut metabolism, microbiota habitat regulation and cell signaling. BA-activated nuclear receptors regulate the enterohepatic circulation of BAs which play a role in energy, lipid, glucose, and drug metabolism. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the biotransformation of BAs and regulates BAs composition and metabolism. Therefore, altered gut microbial and BAs activity can affect human metabolism and thus result in the alteration of metabolic pathways and the occurrence of metabolic diseases/syndromes, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity/hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases. BAs and their metabolites are used to treat altered gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. This review explores the increasing body of evidence that links alterations of gut microbial activity and BAs with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Moreover, we summarize existing research on gut microbes and BAs in relation to intracellular pathways pertinent to metabolic disorders. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic interventions using BAs can facilitate microbiome functioning and ease metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
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Bone loss is ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation through SCFA/GPR41/ IGF1 pathway in sickle cell disease mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20638. [PMID: 36450880 PMCID: PMC9712597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is common in sickle cell disease (SCD), but the molecular mechanisms is unclear. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was low in SCD subjects and SCD mice. To determine if decreased IGF1 associated with low bone mass in SCD is due to reduced SCFA production by gut microbiota, we performed reciprocal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) between healthy control (Ctrl) and SCD mice. uCT and histomorphometry analysis of femur showed decreased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), osteoblast surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS), mineralizing surface/ bone surface (MS/BS), inter-label thickness (Ir.L.Th) in SCD mice were significantly improved after receiving Ctrl feces. Bone formation genes Alp, Col1, Runx2, and Dmp1 from SCD mice were significantly decreased and were rescued after FMT from Ctrl feces. Transplantation of Ctrl feces increased the butyrate, valerate, and propionate levels in cecal content of SCD mice. Decreased G-coupled protein receptors 41 and 43 (GPR41 and GPR43) mRNA in tibia and lower IGF1 in bone and serum of SCD mice were partially restored after FMT from Ctrl feces. These data indicate that the healthy gut microbiota of Ctrl mice is protective for SCD bone loss through regulating IGF1 in response to impaired bacterial metabolites SCFAs.
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Huang W, Gao Q, Fu K, Tejo RP, Floeter-Winter LM, Gutierrez AP. Editorial: Host-microbe interaction and coevolution. Front Genet 2022; 13:983158. [PMID: 36110224 PMCID: PMC9469191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.983158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang,
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar Tejo
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Guk J, Bridier‐Nahmias A, Magnan M, Grall N, Duval X, Clermont O, Ruppé E, d'Humières C, Tenaillon O, Denamur E, Mentré F, Guedj J, Burdet C. Modeling the bacterial dynamics in the gut microbiota following an antibiotic‐induced perturbation. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:906-918. [PMID: 35583200 PMCID: PMC9286716 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of ecological interactions in dysbiosis of gut microbiota, but few focused on their role in antibiotic‐induced perturbations. We used the data from the CEREMI trial in which 22 healthy volunteers received a 3‐day course of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime antibiotics. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene profiling, and the total bacterial counts were determined in each sample by flux cytometry. As the gut exposure to antibiotics could not be experimentally measured despite a marked impact on the gut microbiota, it was reconstructed using the counts of susceptible Escherichia coli. The dynamics of absolute counts of bacterial families were analyzed using a generalized Lotka–Volterra equations and nonlinear mixed effect modeling. Bacterial interactions were studied using a stepwise approach. Two negative and three positive interactions were identified. Introducing bacterial interactions in the modeling approach better fitted the data, and provided different estimates of antibiotic effects on each bacterial family than a simple model without interaction. The time to return to 95% of the baseline counts was significantly longer in ceftriaxone‐treated individuals than in cefotaxime‐treated subjects for two bacterial families: Akkermansiaceae (median [range]: 11.3 days [0; 180.0] vs. 4.2 days [0; 25.6], p = 0.027) and Tannerellaceae (13.7 days [6.1; 180.0] vs. 6.2 days [5.4; 17.3], p = 0.003). Taking bacterial interaction as well as individual antibiotic exposure profile into account improves the analysis of antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Guk
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Grall
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Paris France
| | - Xavier Duval
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC 1425 Paris France
| | | | - Etienne Ruppé
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Paris France
| | - Camille d'Humières
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie Paris France
| | | | - Erick Denamur
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Paris France
| | - France Mentré
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- Département d'Épidémiologie AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique Paris France
| | | | - Charles Burdet
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM Paris France
- Département d'Épidémiologie AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique Paris France
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Fobofou SA, Savidge T. Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G535-G552. [PMID: 35271353 PMCID: PMC9054261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology studies have established that changes in gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function can adversely impact host physiology. Notable diseases synonymously associated with dysbiosis include inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and opportunistic and recurrent pathogen infections. However, there is a scarcity of mechanistic data that advances our understanding of taxonomic correlations with pathophysiological host-microbiome interactions. Generally, to survive a hostile gut environment, microbes are highly metabolically active and produce trans-kingdom signaling molecules to interact with competing microorganisms and the host. These specialized metabolites likely play important homeostatic roles, and identifying disease-specific taxa and their effector pathways can provide better strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as the discovery of innovative therapeutics. The signaling role of microbial biotransformation products such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and dietary tryptophan is increasingly recognized, but little is known about the identity and function of metabolites that are synthesized by microbial biosynthetic gene clusters, including ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs), PK-NRP hybrids, and terpenes. Here we consider how bioactive natural products directly encoded by the human microbiome can contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease, cancer, autoimmune, antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and viral infections (including COVID-19). We also present strategies used to discover these compounds and the biological activities they exhibit, with consideration of therapeutic interventions that could emerge from understanding molecular causation in gut microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Alain Fobofou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Peng LV, Cooper J, De Costa P, Chong PW. Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Weight Loss Population After the Intake of IQP-AE-103 in a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:790045. [PMID: 35571928 PMCID: PMC9097223 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.790045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the novel IQP-AE-103 (proprietary combination of dehydrated okra powder and inulin) on body weight reduction and the association with changes in microbiota composition were investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of seventy-two overweight or moderately obese subjects with a body mass index of ≥25 and <35 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to receive IQP-AE-103 or placebo; each group received two IQP-AE-103 or placebo capsules three times daily, respectively. Body weight, body fat, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the fecal samples, the microbiota dissimilarity, diversity, and differences in relative abundance between or within groups were analyzed. At the end of the study, body weight was significantly reduced in the IQP-AE-103 group compared with the placebo group, 5.16 ± 2.39 kg vs. 0.97 ± 2.09 kg (p < 0.001). Subjects from the IQP-AE-103 group who achieved a reduction of ≥5% of total body weight from baseline (hereafter referred to as 5% responders or IQP5) had a mean body weight reduction of 6.74 ± 1.94 kg, significantly greater than the placebo group (p < 0.001). Using Lefse and statistical analysis, subjects in the IQP-AE-103 group had a significantly lower relative abundance of Firmicutes than the placebo group (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks of intervention. The 5% responders from the IQP-AE-103 group had a remarkable 4.6-fold higher relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila than the placebo group (p < 0.05). As the significant differences between groups were only observed post-intervention, the overall differences in microbiota profile suggest that the weight loss in overweight and moderately obese subjects who consumed IQP-AE-103 for 12 weeks is accompanied by a positive change in microbiota composition. These changes might be linked to the beneficial effects of microbiome modulations in alleviating obesity and metabolic syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report over-the-counter (OTC) supplementation that results in both significant changes in weight and favorable shifts on the subject microbiota profile. The trial is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03058367.
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Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Principle and Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030691. [PMID: 35158960 PMCID: PMC8833574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transfer of a normal intestinal microbial community from healthy donors by way of their fecal material into patients with various diseases is an emerging therapeutic approach, particularly to treat patients with recurrent or refractory C. difficile infections (CDI). This approach, called fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), is increasingly being applied to patients with hematologic and oncologic diseases to treat recurrent CDI, modulate treatment-related complications, and improve cancer treatment outcome. In this review paper, we discussed the principles and methods of FMT. We examined the results obtained thus far from its use in hematologic and oncologic patients. We also propose novel uses for the therapeutic approach and appraised the challenges associated with its use, especially in this group of patients. Abstract Understanding of the importance of the normal intestinal microbial community in regulating microbial homeostasis, host metabolism, adaptive immune responses, and gut barrier functions has opened up the possibility of manipulating the microbial composition to modulate the activity of various intestinal and systemic diseases using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). It is therefore not surprising that use of FMT, especially for treating relapsed/refractory Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI), has increased over the last decade. Due to the complexity associated with and treatment for these diseases, patients with hematologic and oncologic diseases are particularly susceptible to complications related to altered intestinal microbial composition. Therefore, they are an ideal population for exploring FMT as a therapeutic approach. However, there are inherent factors presenting as obstacles for the use of FMT in these patients. In this review paper, we discussed the principles and biologic effects of FMT, examined the factors rendering patients with hematologic and oncologic conditions to increased risks for relapsed/refractory CDI, explored ongoing FMT studies, and proposed novel uses for FMT in these groups of patients. Finally, we also addressed the challenges of applying FMT to these groups of patients and proposed ways to overcome these challenges.
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Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kusuma R, Widada J, Huriyati E, Julia M. Naturally Acquired Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Cassava Improves Nutrient and Anti-dysbiosis Activity of Soy Tempeh. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis indicated by increased gram-negative bacteria and reduced Firmicutes-producing short chain fatty acids bacteria has been linked with impairment in glucose metabolism. Tempeh is traditional fermented soy food that can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. In Indonesia, some tempeh was produced by adding acidifier that contains lactic acid bacteria. This process may impact the nutrient and anti-dysbiosis activity of tempeh.
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of acidifier on nutrient and gut microbiota profile of diabetic animal model.
Method: Modified tempeh was made by addition of water extract of fermented cassava. Standard and modified tempeh were subjected to proximate analysis and dietary fibre. Diabetic animals were received standard tempeh or modified tempeh diet replacing 15% and 30% of protein in the diet for 4 weeks of intervention. At the end of experiment, caecal content was collected. Short chain fatty acids and microbiota composition were analysed using 16s rDNA next generation sequencing (NGS).
Result: There is significant different (p<0.05) on fat, protein, water and dietary fibre content between regular soy tempeh and modified tempeh. There is significant different (p<0.05) on serum glucose and short chain fatty acid composition among group. Diabetic animal has low ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Supplementation of both tempeh increased bacterial diversity, Firmicutes /Bacteroidetes ratio and short chain fatty acids producing bacteria.
Conclusion: Addition of naturally occurred lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava during tempeh processing improved both nutrient and microbiota composition in the gut of diabetes mellitus.
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CRISPR-Cas Technology: Emerging Applications in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111171. [PMID: 34832953 PMCID: PMC8625472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the years, many promising tools for gene editing have been developed including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), and homing endonucleases (HEs). These novel technologies are now leading new scientific advancements and practical applications at an inimitable speed. While most work has been performed in eukaryotes, CRISPR systems also enable tools to understand and engineer bacteria. The increase in the number of multi-drug resistant strains highlights a necessity for more innovative approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of infections. CRISPR has given scientists a glimmer of hope in this area that can provide a novel tool to fight against antimicrobial resistance. This system can provide useful information about the functions of genes and aid us to find potential targets for antimicrobials. This paper discusses the emerging use of CRISPR-Cas systems in the fields of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases with a particular emphasis on future prospects.
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Srivastava S, Singh PR. Oral Administration of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum Improves Glucagon like Peptide-1(GLP-1) and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Level in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays significant role in the function and integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. They also maintain immune homeostasis and host energy metabolism. The metabolic products of these intestinal microbes can alter carbohydrate metabolism, nutrient absorption and reduce appetite to promote healthy lifestyle. Intestinal disbiosis observed in metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. Restoration of dysbiosed gut microbiome through oral administration of probiotics that may have profound health effect in diabetes. In case of diabetes, reports postulated impaired level of incretin, therefore we explored the effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei NCDC 017 (LC017) and Bifidobacterium bifidum NCDC 231 (BB231) alone and in combination on secretion of incretin hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) in experimental rats intraperitonially except a group of healthy rats. The diabetic rats were daily administered orally with single dose (~107cfu/ml) of LC017 and BB231 alone and in combination for 28 days. Also, one group of diabetic rats was treated with an anti-diabetic drug, acarbose (10mg/kg body weight) and used a standard control. The change in body weight, sucrose tolerance test, GLP-1, GIP level in serum and GLP-1 level in different part of intestine were observed. The results have shown reduction in body weight in diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic rats but improved after treatment of probiotic bacteria. Administration of LC017 and BB231 significantly improved GLP-1 and GIP level which were initially impaired in diabetic rats and their combination significantly decreased glucose level in sucrose tolerance test. This study indicated that LC017 and BB231 have significant hypoglycaemic potential in diabetic rats by increasing GLP-1 and GIP level. These findings offered a base for the use of LC017 and BB231 for improvement and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiran Srivastava
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prof. Rambir Singh
- 2Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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The Gut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Toxicities in Pelvic Radiation Therapy: A Clinical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102353. [PMID: 34068216 PMCID: PMC8153110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A substantial proportion of cancer patients receive radiotherapy (RT) during their cancer trajectory. One of the most challenging pelvic RT-related toxicities are gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (e.g., abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, faecal incontinence, and diarrhoea) which impair the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in health and disease, including cancer. Our current clinical review aims to assess the impact of RT on gut microbiota and GI toxicities in cancer patients to provide useful information, in addition to standard care, for clinicians and patients. Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are common adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy (RT). Several recent studies revealed that toxicity of RT is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Method: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with search terms “microbiome and/or microbiota” and “radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemoradiation therapy (CRT)” and “cancer”, and the relevant literature were selected for use in this article. Results: Eight prospective cohort studies were selected for review with a total of 311 participants with a range of 15–134 participants within these studies. The selected studies were conducted in patients with gynaecological (n = 3), rectal (n = 2), or prostate cancers (n = 1), or patients with various types of malignancies (n = 2). Three studies reported that cancer patients had significantly lower alpha diversity compared with healthy controls. Seven studies found that lower alpha diversity and modulated gut microbiome were associated with GI toxicities during and after pelvic RT (n = 5) and CRT (n = 2), whereas one study found that beta diversity was related to a complete response following CRT. Two further studies reported that fatigue was associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and low alpha diversity during and after RT, and with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and diarrhoea, respectively. Conclusion: Gut microbiome profiles are associated with GI toxicities and have the potential to predict RT/CRT-induced toxicities and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing those treatments. Further robust randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required to elucidate the effect of gut microbiome profiles on RT-related adverse effects and responses to RT.
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El-Baz AM, Shata A, Hassan HM, El-Sokkary MMA, Khodir AE. The therapeutic role of lactobacillus and montelukast in combination with metformin in diabetes mellitus complications through modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107757. [PMID: 33991997 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive dysfunction is one of the overlooked findings of diabetes mellitus (DM) that deserves greater scientific attention. This study is designed to explore the therapeutic potential of metformin and montelukast, in combination with Lactobacillus, for modulation of intestinal flora and suppression of oxidative stress in testicular and liver damage in diabetic male rats. A DM model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ)which caused functional, biochemical, and inflammatory injuries to the testicular and liver tissues. The experimental panel included nine rat groups: normal control, normal control plus metformin, normal control plus montelukast, DM control, DM plus montelukast, DM plus a combination of metformin and Lactobacillus, DM plus a combination of montelukast and Lactobacillus, and DM plus a combination of metformin and montelukast. In parallel, clinical evaluation of microscopic examination scoring, and hepatic and testicular injuries, were evaluated. Biochemical markers including glucose level, lipid profile, inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), Caspase-3, and Bax proteins expressions were measured. The change in the microbiota abundance was investigated using conventional and real-time PCR. The current study revealed a significant difference in the relative abundance of microbiota, where DM is associated with an enormous increase of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, and Fusobacterium spp., and a significant decrease in Bifidobacteria spp., and Lactobacillus spp., in contrast with normal control. Metformin and montelukast, in combination with Lactobacillus, significantly reversed the testicular and liver damage caused by STZ. Moreover, the drugs significantly reduced the oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic activities induced by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Baz
- Microbiology and Biotechnology department, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Clinical pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy department, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Hassan
- Pharmacology and biochemistry department, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A El-Sokkary
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
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BAHMAN Y, MARYAM M, AISA B, FALALYEYEVA T, KOBYLIAK N, MAJID E. Immunomodulatory role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obesity and metabolic disorders. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.21.02759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Eslami M, Bahar A, Hemati M, Rasouli Nejad Z, Mehranfar F, Karami S, Kobyliak NM, Yousefi B. Dietary pattern, colonic microbiota and immunometabolism interaction: new frontiers for diabetes mellitus and related disorders. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14415. [PMID: 33025587 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the numerous possible mechanisms that provide supportive evidence for how colonic dysbiosis denotes metabolic dysfunction, dysregulates glucose homeostasis and leads to diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders are defined. Information was gathered from articles identified by systematic reviews and searches using Google, PubMed and Scopus. The composition of the colonic microbiota plays an integral role in maintaining host homeostasis by affecting both metabolic activities and underlying functional gene transcription in individuals with diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Increased colonic microbiome-derived concentrations of lipopolysaccharides, also known as 'metabolic endotoxaemia', as well as alterations in bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal hormones and branched-chain amino acid secretion have been associated with the diverse production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. It has been shown that changes to intestinal bacterial composition are significant even in early childhood and are associated with the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes. We hope that an improved understanding of related mechanisms linking the colonic microbiome with glucose metabolism might provide for innovative therapeutic approaches that would bring the ideal intestinal ecosystem to a state of optimal health, thus preventing and treating diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eslami
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - M Hemati
- Department of Immunology, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - F Mehranfar
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - S Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - N M Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - B Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan, Iran
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Jansma J, El Aidy S. Understanding the host-microbe interactions using metabolic modeling. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:16. [PMID: 33472685 PMCID: PMC7819158 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The human gut harbors an enormous number of symbiotic microbes, which is vital for human health. However, interactions within the complex microbiota community and between the microbiota and its host are challenging to elucidate, limiting development in the treatment for a variety of diseases associated with microbiota dysbiosis. Using in silico simulation methods based on flux balance analysis, those interactions can be better investigated. Flux balance analysis uses an annotated genome-scale reconstruction of a metabolic network to determine the distribution of metabolic fluxes that represent the complete metabolism of a bacterium in a certain metabolic environment such as the gut. Simulation of a set of bacterial species in a shared metabolic environment can enable the study of the effect of numerous perturbations, such as dietary changes or addition of a probiotic species in a personalized manner. This review aims to introduce to experimental biologists the possible applications of flux balance analysis in the host-microbiota interaction field and discusses its potential use to improve human health. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Jansma
- Host-Microbe metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-Microbe metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Napolitano M, Covasa M. Microbiota Transplant in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590370. [PMID: 33304339 PMCID: PMC7693552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Many chronic diseases have been associated with gut microbiota imbalance in its composition, diversity and functional capacity. Several types of interventions have been shown to correct microbiota imbalance and restore the beneficial metabolic outcomes of a normal microbiota. Among them, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emergent, promising technology employed to improve clinical outcomes of various pathological conditions through modifications in the gut microbiota composition. FMT has been used successfully as a treatment option in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, a condition characterized by severe gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential usage of FMT in other microbiota-associated conditions different from C. difficile such as metabolic syndrome or obesity that are also marked by gut dysbiosis is still under investigation. Furthermore, the contribution of the gut microbiota as a cause or consequence in metabolic disease is still largely debated. This review provides critical information on the methodological approaches of FMT and its technological innovation in clinical applications. This review sheds light on the current findings and gaps in our understanding of how FMT can be used as a future biotherapeutic to restore microbial homeostasis in amelioration of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Napolitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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22
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Lorenzo O, Crespo-Yanguas M, Hang T, Lumpuy-Castillo J, Hernández AM, Llavero C, García-Alonso ML, Ruiz-Tovar J. Addition of Probiotics to Anti-Obesity Therapy by Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Dermatome T6. A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7239. [PMID: 33023060 PMCID: PMC7579484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a pandemic and percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) of dermatome T6 has been demonstrated to reduce stomach motility and appetite, allowing greater weight loss than isolated hypocaloric diets. However, modulation of intestinal microbiota could improve this effect and control cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to test whether addition of probiotics could improve weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects after PENS and a hypocaloric diet. A pilot prospective study was performed in patients (n = 20) with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Half of them underwent ten weeks of PENS in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet (PENS-Diet), and the other half was treated with a PENS-Diet plus multistrain probiotics (L. plantarum LP115, B. brevis B3, and L. acidophilus LA14) administration. Fecal samples were obtained before and after interventions. The weight loss and changes in blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile, and in gut microbiota were investigated. Weight loss was significantly higher (16.2 vs. 11.1 kg, p = 0.022), whereas glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides were lower (-0.46 vs. -0.05%, p = 0.032, and -47.0 vs. -8.5 mg/dL, p = 0.002, respectively) in patients receiving PENS-Diet + probiotics compared with those with a PENS-Diet. Moreover, an enrichment of anti-obesogenic bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp, Akkermansia spp, Prevotella spp, and the attenuation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were noted in fecal samples after probiotics administration. In obese patients, the addition of probiotics to a PENS intervention under a hypocaloric diet could further improve weight loss and glycemic and lipid profile in parallel to the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo-Yanguas
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Tianyu Hang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Artur M. Hernández
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carolina Llavero
- Obesity Unit, Clinica Garcilaso, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (J.R.-T.)
| | - MLuisa García-Alonso
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-Y.); (T.H.); (J.L.-C.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Jaime Ruiz-Tovar
- Obesity Unit, Clinica Garcilaso, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (J.R.-T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Mostoles-Madrid, Spain
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092749. [PMID: 32917030 PMCID: PMC7551493 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.
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Murthy HS, Gharaibeh RZ, Al-Mansour Z, Kozlov A, Trikha G, Newsome RC, Gauthier J, Farhadfar N, Wang Y, Kelly DL, Lybarger J, Jobin C, Wang GP, Wingard JR. Baseline Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated with Major Infections Early after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:2001-2010. [PMID: 32717434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Gut microbiota (GM) composition and metabolites provide colonization resistance against dominance of potential pathogens, and GM dysbiosis following HCT can be deleterious to immune reconstitution. Little is known about the composition, diversity, and evolution of GM communities in HCT patients and their association with subsequent febrile neutropenia (FN) and infection. Identification of markers before HCT that predict subsequent infection could be useful in developing individualized antimicrobial strategies. Fecal samples were collected prospectively from 33 HCT recipients at serial time points: baseline, post-conditioning regimen, neutropenia onset, FN onset (if present), and hematologic recovery. GM was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. FN and major infections (ie, bloodstream infection, typhlitis, invasive fungal infection, pneumonia, and Clostridium difficile enterocolitis) were identified. Significant shifts in GM composition and diversity were observed during HCT, with the largest alterations occurring after initiation of antibiotics. Loss of diversity persisted without a return to baseline at hematologic recovery. GM in patients with FN was enriched in Mogibacterium, Bacteroides fragilis, and Parabacteroides distasonis, whereas increased abundance of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Blautia, and Collinsella was observed in patients without fever. A baseline protective GM profile (BPGMP) was predictive of protection from major infection. The BPGMP was associated with subsequent major infections with 77% accuracy and an area under the curve of 79%, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.71, 0.91, 0.77, and 0.87, respectively. Our data show that large shifts in GM composition occur early after HCT, and differences in baseline GM composition are associated with the development of subsequent major infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant S Murthy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zeina Al-Mansour
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew Kozlov
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gaurav Trikha
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rachel C Newsome
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Josee Gauthier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nosha Farhadfar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Quantitative Sciences And Biostatistics, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida; College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Lybarger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christian Jobin
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gary P Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John R Wingard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida.
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