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Andres M, Hennuyer N, Zibar K, Bicharel-Leconte M, Duplan I, Enée E, Vallez E, Herledan A, Loyens A, Staels B, Deprez B, van Endert P, Deprez-Poulain R, Lancel S. Insulin-degrading enzyme inhibition increases the unfolded protein response and favours lipid accumulation in the liver. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3610-3626. [PMID: 38812293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease refers to liver pathologies, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, with fibrosis ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, its pathophysiology remains imperfectly understood. Over the last decade, a dysfunctional unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress emerged as one of the multiple driving factors. In parallel, growing evidence suggests that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed metallo-endopeptidase originally discovered for its role in insulin decay, may regulate ER stress and UPR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated, by genetic and pharmacological approaches, in vitro and in vivo, whether IDE modulates ER stress-induced UPR and lipid accumulation in the liver. KEY RESULTS We found that IDE-deficient mice display higher hepatic triglyceride content along with higher inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway activation. Upon induction of ER stress by tunicamycin or palmitate in vitro or in vivo, pharmacological inhibition of IDE, using its inhibitor BDM44768, mainly exacerbated ER stress-induced IRE1 activation and promoted lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, effects that were abolished by the IRE1 inhibitors 4μ8c and KIRA6. Finally, we identified that IDE knockout promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue and increases hepatic CD36 expression, which may contribute to steatosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results unravel a novel role for IDE in the regulation of ER stress and development of hepatic steatosis. These findings pave the way to innovative strategies modulating IDE to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Andres
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Khamis Zibar
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | | | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Enée
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Anne Loyens
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service immunologie biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
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Antony F, Brough Z, Orangi M, Al-Seragi M, Aoki H, Babu M, Duong van Hoa F. Sensitive Profiling of Mouse Liver Membrane Proteome Dysregulation Following a High-Fat and Alcohol Diet Treatment. Proteomics 2024:e202300599. [PMID: 39313981 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and high-fat (HF) diets often coincide in Western society, resulting in synergistic negative effects on liver function. Although studies have analyzed the global protein expression in the context of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), none has offered specific insights on liver dysregulation at the membrane proteome level. Membrane-specific profiling of metabolic and compensatory phenomena is usually overshadowed in conventional proteomic workflows. In this study, we use the Peptidisc method to isolate and compare the membrane protein (MP) content of the liver with its unique biological functions. From mice fed with an HF diet and ethanol in drinking water, we annotate over 1500 liver proteins with half predicted to have at least one transmembrane segment. Among them, we identify 106 integral MPs that are dysregulated compared to the untreated sample. Gene Ontology analysis reveals several dysregulated membrane-associated processes like lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, xenobiotic processing, and mitochondrial membrane formation. Pathways related to cholesterol and bile acid transport are also mutually affected, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to counter the upcoming steatosis of the liver model. Taken together, our Peptidisc-based profiling of the diet-dysregulated liver provides specific insights and hypotheses into the role of the transmembrane proteome in disease development, and flags desirable MPs for therapeutic and diagnostic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Antony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zora Brough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mona Orangi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Seragi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Franck Duong van Hoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Lu JF, Xing SP, Wei X, Yang CX, Zhao GS, Ma XL, Sun XM, Guo HW, Su ZH, Fang B, Lin J, Liu YY, Zhu D. Elucidating the role of 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone in chronic alcoholic liver disease via transcriptomics and metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1447560. [PMID: 39323644 PMCID: PMC11422225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1447560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic alcoholic liver disease (CALD) is a global health problem which includes multiple pathological processes such as immune inflammation and oxidative stress. 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (HBOA), an alkaloid isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. However, its effects on CALD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HBOA on CALD. Methods Rats were administered alcohol by gavage continuously for 12 weeks to establish the CALD model, and then treated with HBOA by gavage for 4 weeks. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to predict the potential mechanisms of the effects of HBOA on CALD. Liver histology and function, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway components were evaluated. Results HBOA significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. It decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione [GSH], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Western blotting confirmed that HBOA treatment largely diminished NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicated that HBOA regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to achieve therapeutic effects in rats with CALD. Conclusion HBOA has a therapeutic effect on rats with CALD. Its mechanism of action mainly affects the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway to promote lipid metabolism homeostasis by regulating the expression of Etnppl, Gpcpd1, and Pla2g4c. In addition, it may also inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the immune-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fei Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shang-Ping Xing
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gen-Shi Zhao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei Sun
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Geriatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Ying Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Biomedicine Precision Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Antigeriatric Drugs, Nanning, China
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Simon-Szabó L, Lizák B, Sturm G, Somogyi A, Takács I, Németh Z. Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9113. [PMID: 39201799 PMCID: PMC11354764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Beáta Lizák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Gábor Sturm
- Directorate of Information Technology Basic Infrastructure and Advanced Applications, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Baross u., 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
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Cao Y, Li S, Zhang Z, Zeng M, Zheng X, Feng W. A metabolomics study on the mechanisms of Gardeniae fructus against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5961. [PMID: 39054754 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gardeniae fructus (GF) is known for its various beneficial effects on cholestatic liver injury (CLI). However, the biological mechanisms through which GF regulates CLI have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of GF against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced CLI. First, HPLC technology was used to analyze the chemical profile of the GF extract. Second, the effects of GF on serum biochemical indicators and liver histopathology were examined. Lastly, metabolomics was utilized to study the changes in liver metabolites and clarify the associated metabolic pathways. In chemical analysis, 10 components were identified in the GF extract. GF treatment regulated serum biochemical indicators in ANIT-induced CLI model rats and alleviated liver histological damage. Metabolomics identified 26 endogenous metabolites as biomarkers of ANIT-induced CLI, with 23 biomarkers returning to normal levels, particularly involving primary bile acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. GF shows promise in alleviating ANIT-induced CLI by modulating multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mahmoudi A, Jalili A, Butler AE, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Exploration of the Key Genes Involved in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Possible MicroRNA Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101365. [PMID: 38433957 PMCID: PMC10904918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to identify key genes/proteins involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression and to evaluate miRNAs influencing their expression. Methods Gene expression profiles from datasets GSE151158, GSE163211, GSE135251, GSE167523, GSE46300, and online databases were analyzed to identify significant NAFLD-related genes. Then, protein-protein interaction networks and module analysis identified hub genes/proteins, which were validated using real-time PCR in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis evaluated signaling pathways and biological processes. Gene-miRNA interaction networks identified miRNAs targeting critical NAFLD genes. Results The most critical overexpressed hub genes/proteins included: TNF, VEGFA, TLR4, CYP2E1, ACE, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 based on PPI network analysis, of which TNF, TLR4, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 were up-regulated in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis for biological processes highlighted programmed necrotic cell death, lipid metabolic process response to reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the highest adjusted P-value signaling pathways encompassed AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications, TNF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In gene-miRNA network analysis, miR-16 and miR-124 were highlighted as the miRNAs exerting the most influence on important NAFLD-related genes. Conclusion In silico analyses identified NAFLD therapeutic targets and miRNA candidates to guide further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Jeong S, Oh YH, Ahn JC, Choi S, Park SJ, Kim HJ, Lee G, Son JS, Jang H, Lee DH, Sha M, Chen L, Kim W, Park SM. Evolutionary changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:487-499. [PMID: 38711390 PMCID: PMC11261234 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine the association between evolutionary changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) status and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a nationwide population-based cohort. METHODS Information on study participants was derived from the Korea National Health Insurance Service database. The study population consisted of 5,080,410 participants who underwent two consecutive biennial health screenings between 2009 and 2012. All participants were followed up until HCC, death, or 31 December 2020. The association of evolutionary changes in MASLD status, as assessed by the fatty liver index and cardiometabolic risk factors, including persistent non-MASLD, resolved MASLD, incident MASLD, and persistent MASLD, with HCC risk was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among the 5,080,410 participants with 39,910,331 person-years of follow-up, 4,801 participants developed HCC. The incidence of HCC in participants with resolved, incident, and persistent MASLD was approximately 2.2-, 2.3-, and 4.7-fold higher, respectively, than that in those with persistent non-MASLD among the Korean adult population. When stratifying the participants according to the evolutionary change in MASLD status, persistent (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68-3.21; P<0.001), incident (aHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.63-2.10; P<0.001), and resolved MASLD (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.50; P<0.001) had an increased risk of HCC compared to persistent non-MASLD. CONCLUSION The evolutionary changes in MASLD were associated with the differential risk of HCC independent of metabolic risk factors and concomitant medications, providing additional information on the risk of HCC stratification in patients with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Joseph C Ahn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Life Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejoon Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meng Sha
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Life Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhou S, Xiao J, Zhang X, Yang H, Zhang J. Finding key genes (UBE2T, KIF4A, CDCA3, and CDCA5) co-expressed in hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma based on multiple bioinformatics techniques. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:205. [PMID: 38890649 PMCID: PMC11184838 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC. Therefore, the discovery of common markers for hepatitis B or LC and HCC is crucial for the prevention of HCC. METHODS Expressed genes for to chronic active hepaititis B (CAH-B), LC and HCC were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases, and co-expressed genes were screened using Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF) and support vector machine - recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). The prognostic value of genes was assessed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves. Columnar line plots, calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of individual genes were used for evaluation. Validation was performed using GEO datasets. The association of these key genes with HCC clinical features was explored using the UALCAN database ( https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html ). RESULTS Based on WGCNA analysis and TCGA database, the co-expressed genes (565) were screened. Moreover, the five algorithms of MCODE (ClusteringCoefficient, MCC, Degree, MNC, and DMNC) was used to select one of the most important and most closely linked clusters (the top 50 genes ranked). Using, LASSO regression model, RF model and SVM-RFE model, four key genes (UBE2T, KIF4A, CDCA3, and CDCA5) were identified for subsequent research analysis. These 4 genes were highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis and clinical features in HCC patients. CONCLUSION These four key genes (UBE2T, KIF4A, CDCA3, and CDCA5) may be common biomarkers for CAH-B and HCC or LC and HCC, promising to advance our understanding of the molecular basis of CAH-B/LC/HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingai Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Weiling Yu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Hepatobiliary surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Jingchuan Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Haoliang Yang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Hepatobiliary surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Road, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China.
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Li S, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Gao G, Xie J, Wang Y. Oligonucleotide therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102184. [PMID: 38665220 PMCID: PMC11044058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a severe disease subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is thought to be highly associated with systemic metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by a series of substantial liver damage, including hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The end stage of NASH, in some cases, may result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nowadays a large number of investigations are actively under way to test various therapeutic strategies, including emerging oligonucleotide drugs (e.g., antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, mimic/inhibitor RNA, and small activating RNA) that have shown high potential in treating this fatal liver disease. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD, the promising druggable targets proven by current studies in chemical compounds or biological drug development, and the feasibility and limitations of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic approaches under clinical or pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
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10
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Jin H, Xia P, Deng Z, Hou T, Li J, Li B. Effects of Konjac Glucomannan on Weight Management and Liver Health: Insights from Liver Lipidomics in Obese and Nonobese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7906-7918. [PMID: 38530902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble dietary fiber and is used for weight management. However, there is a lack of research on KGM for weight management in nonobese groups and the effects of high-dose KGM supplementation on liver function. This study investigated the metabolic responses to KGM intervention in obese and nonobese mice and explored the underlying mechanisms based on lipidomics. The findings demonstrated that KGM supplementation decreased body weight and mitigated lipid metabolism disorders at the mRNA and protein levels in obese mice. In contrast, no significant impact on these parameters was observed in nonobese mice. Interestingly, KGM had a more significant impact on remodeling hepatic lipid composition in obese mice compared to nonobese mice, leading to reducing harmful lipids and increasing beneficial lipids. However, high-dose KGM increased the risk of hepatocyte bile acid toxicity in obese mice and did not promote liver antioxidant status in nonobese mice. In summary, this study identified distinct metabolic responses to KGM intervention between obese and nonobese mice, providing insights for weight management using KGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhichang Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Huang J, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116185. [PMID: 38237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, and hyperglycemic memory associated with diabetes carries the risk of disease occurrence, even after the termination of blood glucose injury. The existence of hyperglycemic memory supports the concept of an epigenetic mechanism involving n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Several studies have shown that m6A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This review addresses the role and mechanism of m6A RNA modification in the progression of DKD, including the regulatory role of m6A modification in pathological processes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and non-coding (nc) RNA. This reveals the importance of m6A in the occurrence and development of DKD, suggesting that m6A may play a role in hyperglycemic memory phenomenon. This review also discusses how some gray areas, such as m6A modified multiple enzymes, interact to affect the development of DKD and provides countermeasures. In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of DKD from the perspective of m6A modifications and provides new targets for future therapeutic strategies. In addition, the insights discussed here support the existence of hyperglycemic memory effects in DKD, which may have far-reaching implications for the development of novel treatments. We hypothesize that m6A RNA modification, as a key factor regulating the development of DKD, provides a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of DKD and provides a novel option for the clinical management of patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Huang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China.
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12
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Bourayou E, Perchet T, Meunier S, Bouvier H, Mailhe MP, Melanitou E, Cumano A, Golub R. Bone marrow monocytes sustain NK cell-poiesis during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113676. [PMID: 38217855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant lymphocyte population in the liver. At the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an accumulation of activated NK cells is observed in the liver in parallel with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and an increased systemic inflammation. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we unveil a specific stimulation of NK cell-poiesis during NASH by medullary monocytes that trans-present interleukin-15 (IL-15) and secrete osteopontin, a biomarker for patients with NASH. This cellular dialogue leads to increased survival and maturation of NK precursors that are recruited to the liver, where they dampen the inflammatory monocyte infiltration. The increase in the production of both osteopontin and the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex by bone marrow monocytes is induced by endotoxemia. We propose a tripartite gut-liver-bone marrow axis regulating the immune population dynamics and effector functions during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bourayou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Perchet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Hugo Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Mailhe
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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13
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Engin AB. Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:131-166. [PMID: 39287851 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin. In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Yazıcı D, Demir SÇ, Sezer H. Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Lipotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:391-430. [PMID: 39287860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, originally used to describe the destructive effects of excess fat accumulation on glucose metabolism, causes functional impairments in several metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas, and muscle. Ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidneys, liver, and heart has important clinical counterparts like diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity-related glomerulopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy. Insulin resistance due to lipotoxicity indirectly lead to reproductive system disorders, like polycystic ovary syndrome. Lipotoxicity has roles in insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Increased circulating levels of lipids and the metabolic alterations in fatty acid utilization and intracellular signaling have been related to insulin resistance in muscle and liver. Different pathways, like novel protein kinase c pathways and the JNK-1 pathway, are involved as the mechanisms of how lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in nonadipose tissue organs, such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, through mainly increased oxidative stress, also plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance, especially seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance both increase the cardiometabolic risk, and lipotoxicity seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selin Çakmak Demir
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Sezer
- Koç University Medical School, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Koç University Hospital, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Engin A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:539-574. [PMID: 39287864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is in parallel with the obesity epidemic, and it is the most common cause of liver diseases. The patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes having high body mass index (BMI), high-grade adipose tissue insulin resistance, and high hepatocellular triacylglycerols (triglycerides; TAG) content develop hepatic fibrosis within a 5-year follow-up. Insulin resistance with the deficiency of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity causes an increase in intracellular fatty acid-derived metabolites such as diacylglycerol (DAG), fatty acyl CoA, or ceramides. Lipotoxicity-related mechanism of NAFLD could be explained still best by the "double-hit" hypothesis. Insulin resistance is the major mechanism in the development and progression of NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Metabolic oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation induce NASH progression. In the "first hit" the hepatic concentrations of diacylglycerol increase with an increase in saturated liver fat content in human NAFLD. Activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes are decreased in the liver tissue of patients with NASH. Hepatocyte lipoapoptosis is a critical feature of NASH. In the "second hit," reduced glutathione levels due to oxidative stress lead to the overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling that induces cell death in the steatotic liver. Accumulation of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is caused at least by two ineffectual cyclical pathways. First is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductin (Ero1)-protein disulfide isomerase oxidation cycle through the downstream of the inner membrane mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and the second is the Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. In clinical practice, on ultrasonographic examination, the elevation of transaminases, γ-glutamyltransferase, and the aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index indicates NAFLD. Fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and cytokeratin18 are used for grading steatosis, staging fibrosis, and discriminating the NASH from simple steatosis, respectively. In addition to ultrasonography, "controlled attenuation parameter," "magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction," "ultrasound-based elastography," "magnetic resonance elastography," "acoustic radiation force impulse elastography imaging," "two-dimensional shear-wave elastography with supersonic imagine," and "vibration-controlled transient elastography" are recommended as combined tests with serum markers in the clinical evaluation of NAFLD. However, to confirm the diagnosis of NAFLD, a liver biopsy is the gold standard. Insulin resistance-associated hyperinsulinemia directly accelerates fibrogenesis during NAFLD development. Although hepatocyte lipoapoptosis is a key driving force of fibrosis progression, hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix cells are major fibrogenic effectors. Thereby, these are pharmacological targets of therapies in developing hepatic fibrosis. Nonpharmacological management of NAFLD mainly consists of two alternatives: lifestyle modification and metabolic surgery. Many pharmacological agents that are thought to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD have been tried, but due to lack of ability to attenuate NAFLD, or adverse effects during the phase trials, the vast majority could not be licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Shen Y, Zhao W, Monroig Ó, Bao Y, Zhu T, Jiao L, Sun P, Tocher DR, Zhou Q, Jin M. High-fat-diet induced inflammation and apoptosis via activation of Ire1α in liver and hepatocytes of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109212. [PMID: 37926203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (Ire1α) in mediating high-fat-diet (HFD) induced inflammation and apoptosis in fish and elucidate underling mechanisms of action. In experiment 1, black seabream juveniles were fed a control diet (Control, 12 % dietary lipid) or a high fat diet (HFD, 19 % dietary lipid) for eight weeks. In experiment 2, primary hepatocytes were isolated from black seabream juveniles and treated with oleic acid (OA, 200 μmol/L), OA + transfection with non-silencing control siRNA (negative control) (OA + NC), and OA + transfection with ire1α-small interfering RNA (OA + siire1α) for 48 h versus untreated (Control). Results indicated that fish fed HFD increased lipid deposition in the liver and caused hepatic steatosis. HFD group had significantly higher ire1α/Ire1α mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related genes expression compared to the Control group, indicating that ERS was triggered. Meanwhile, feeding HFD induced inflammation and apoptosis by evaluated nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) mRNA and phosphorylated Nf-κb p65 protein expression, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk) mRNA and protein expression. However, knock down of ire1α (OA + siire1α) in primary hepatocytes alleviated OA-induced increased expression of ire1α/Ire1α mRNA and protein expression, nf-κb/Nf-κb p65 mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression, and jnk/Jnk mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression. These findings revealed the underling mechanism of action of HFD in fish, confirming that HFD increased ESR stress and Ire1α that, in turn, activated Nf-κb and Jnk pathways in hepatocytes and liver mediating HFD-induced inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedong Shen
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Yangguang Bao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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17
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Gong K, Zhang Z, Chen SS, Zhu XR, Wang MY, Yang XY, Ding C, Han JH, Li QS, Duan YJ. 6-Methyl flavone inhibits Nogo-B expression and improves high fructose diet-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2216-2229. [PMID: 37402997 PMCID: PMC10618526 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption increases hepatic de novo lipogenesis, resulting in cellular stress, inflammation and liver injury. Nogo-B is a resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that regulates its structure and function. Hepatic Nogo-B is a key protein in glycolipid metabolism, and inhibition of Nogo-B has protective effects against metabolic syndrome, thus small molecules that inhibit Nogo-B have therapeutic benefits for glycolipid metabolism disorders. In this study we tested 14 flavones/isoflavones in hepatocytes using dual luciferase reporter system based on the Nogo-B transcriptional response system, and found that 6-methyl flavone (6-MF) exerted the strongest inhibition on Nogo-B expression in hepatocytes with an IC50 value of 15.85 μM. Administration of 6-MF (50 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, i.g. for 3 weeks) significantly improved insulin resistance along with ameliorated liver injury and hypertriglyceridemia in high fructose diet-fed mice. In HepG2 cells cultured in a media containing an FA-fructose mixture, 6-MF (15 μM) significantly inhibited lipid synthesis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we revealed that 6-MF inhibited Nogo-B/ChREBP-mediated fatty acid synthesis and reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by restoring cellular autophagy and promoting fatty acid oxidation via the AMPKα-mTOR pathway. Thus, 6-MF may serve as a potential Nogo-B inhibitor to treat metabolic syndrome caused by glycolipid metabolism dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Sha-Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ji-Hong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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18
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Mokhtari I, Mokhtari C, Moumou M, Harnafi M, Milenkovic D, Amrani S, Hakmaoui A, Harnafi H. Polyphenol-rich extract from loquat fruit peel prevents hyperlipidemia and hepato-nephrotoxicity in mice: in vivo study and in silico prediction of possible mechanisms involving identified polyphenols and/or their circulating metabolites. Food Funct 2023; 14:7489-7505. [PMID: 37498560 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01992f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the most well-known cause of metabolic complications and tissue toxicity such as liver steatosis, atherosclerosis and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of loquat fruit peel extract (PE) against tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia and related tissue lipotoxicity in mice. The in vivo study was conducted on mice injected daily with tyloxapol at 100 mg per kg B.W. and treated simultaneously with the PE at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg kg-1 or fenofibrate for 28 days. Plasma and tissue lipid biochemical analyses were undertaken using enzymatic methods. The antioxidative stress was revealed by measuring the malondialdehyde content and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the scavenging activity against lipoperoxyl radicals. The PE significantly prevented oxidative stress and restored lipid metabolism, plasma glucose, body weight, organ relative mass and biomarkers of hepato-nephrotoxicity as well as the histological structure of the liver and kidneys. It contains five major polyphenols, namely, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin. According to molecular docking analysis, these compounds and their circulating metabolites could interact with major proteins implicated in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Overall, the study suggests that PE could prevent hyperlipidemia and related toxic tissue complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Chakib Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment - ECOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammadine Moumou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmalek Hakmaoui
- Laboratory of Biopathology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
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Yang DB, Gao L, Liu XY, Xu YC, Hambly C, Wang DH, Speakman JR. Disentangling the effects of obesity and high-fat diet on glucose homeostasis using a photoperiod induced obesity model implicates ectopic fat deposition as a key factor. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101724. [PMID: 37061130 PMCID: PMC10185741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in laboratory rodents is generally induced by feeding them a high fat diet (HFD). This model does not permit separation of the impact of the HFD from the resultant obesity on metabolic defects such as impaired glucose homeostasis. In Brandt's voles we have previously shown that exposure to long photoperiod (LD: 16L: 8D) induces obesity even when they are fed a low fat diet. We show here that these voles are largely resistant to HFD. This model therefore permits some separation of the effects of HFD and obesity on glucose homeostasis. The objective was therefore to use this model to assess if glucose homeostasis is more related to diet or obesity METHODS: Male voles, which were 35 days old and born in LD, were exposed to SD and a low fat diet for 70 days. We then randomly separated the animals into 4 groups for another 63 days: SL (short day and low fat diet: n = 19) group; SH (short day and high-fat diet, n = 20) group; LL (long day and low-fat diet, n = 20) group; LH (long day and high-fat diet, n = 18) group. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed after treatment for 56 days, and body compositions of the voles were quantified at the end by dissection. RESULTS Consistent with our previous work LD voles were more obese than SD voles. Although total body weight was independent of dietary fat content, HFD did have an effect on fat storage. Photoperiod induced obesity had no effect on glucose homeostasis, and the fat content in both the liver and muscle. In contrast, HFD induced adiposity was linked with elevated fat deposition in muscle (but not in liver) and led to impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The contrasting effects of diet and photoperiod were consistent with the predictions of the 'lipotoxicity hypothesis'. This may contribute to our understanding of why some human individuals are able to be obese yet remain metabolically healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xin Yu Liu
- College of life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - C Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - De Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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20
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Graham DS, Liu G, Arasteh A, Yin XM, Yan S. Ability of high fat diet to induce liver pathology correlates with the level of linoleic acid and Vitamin E in the diet. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286726. [PMID: 37267350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased uptake of fat, such as through the ingestion of high fat diet (HFD), can lead to fatty liver diseases and metabolic syndrome. It is not clear whether certain fatty acids may be more pathogenic than others to the liver. Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and its excessive consumption can lead to increased lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that a high level of LA in HFD will contribute significantly to the hepatic steatosis and injury, whereas vitamin E (VIT-E) may reverse the effects from LA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. To test this hypothesis, we fed mice with the following diets for 20 weeks: a standard low-fat diet (CHOW), HFD with a low level of LA (LOW-LA, 1% of energy from LA), HFD with a high level of LA (HI-LA, 8% of energy from LA), or HI-LA diet with VIT-E supplement (HI-LA + VIT-E). We found that the HI-LA diet resulted in more body weight gain, larger adipocyte area, and higher serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) relative to the CHOW and LOW-LA diets. In mice fed with the HI-LA diet, severer hepatic steatosis was seen with higher levels of hepatic TG and FFA. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was altered in the liver by HI-LA diet, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1). Liver injury, inflammation and fibrotic response were all enhanced in mice fed with the HI-LA diet when compared with the LOW-LA diet. Notably, addition of VIT-E supplement, which restores the proper VIT-E/PUFA ratio, significantly reduced the detrimental effects of the high level of LA. Taken together, our results suggest that a high level of LA and a low ratio of VIT-E/PUFA in HFD can contribute significantly to metabolic abnormalities and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton S Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ailar Arasteh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shengmin Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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21
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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Li K, Wang Y, Liu R, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of Lard or Plus Soybean Oil on Markers of Liver Function in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091894. [PMID: 37174432 PMCID: PMC10178189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have consumed lard for thousands of years, but in recent decades, it has become much less popular because it is regarded as saturated fat. Animal studies showed that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) was more advantageous for liver health than using either oil alone. This study aims to assess the effects of blend oil on liver function markers in healthy subjects. The 345 healthy subjects were randomized into 3 isoenergetic diet groups with different edible oils (30 g/day) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil (50% lard and 50% soybean oil)) for 12 weeks. The reductions in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were greater in the blend oil group than in the two other groups (p = 0.001 and <0.001 for the interaction between diet group and time, respectively). The reductions in AST and ALT in the blend oil group were more significant compared with those in the soybean oil group (p < 0.001) or lard group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other liver function markers between the groups. Thus, blend oil was beneficial for liver function markers such as AST and ALT compared with soybean oil and lard alone, which might help prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- No. 2 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinpeng Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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22
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Németh K, Tóth B, Sarnyai F, Koncz A, Lenzinger D, Kereszturi É, Visnovitz T, Kestecher BM, Osteikoetxea X, Csala M, Buzás EI, Tamási V. High fat diet and PCSK9 knockout modulates lipid profile of the liver and changes the expression of lipid homeostasis related genes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 37004042 PMCID: PMC10064771 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fat diet (HFD) increases the likelihood of dyslipidemia, which can be a serious risk factor for atherosclerosis, diabetes or hepatosteatosis. Although changes in different blood lipid levels were broadly investigated, such alterations in the liver tissue have not been studied before. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of HFD on hepatic triglyceride (TG), diglyceride (DG) and ceramide (CER) levels and on the expression of four key genes involved in lipid homeostasis (Pcsk9, Ldlr, Cd36 and Anxa2) in the liver. In addition, the potential role of PCSK9 in the observed changes was further investigated by using PCSK9 deficient mice. METHODS We used two in vivo models: mice kept on HFD for 20 weeks and PCSK9-/- mice. The amount of the major TGs, DGs and CERs was measured by using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The expression profiles of four lipid related genes, namely Pcsk9, Ldlr, Cd36 and Anxa2 were assessed. Co-localization studies were performed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS In HFD mice, hepatic PCSK9 expression was decreased and ANXA2 expression was increased both on mRNA and protein levels, and the amount of LDLR and CD36 receptor proteins was increased. While LDLR protein level was also elevated in the livers of PCSK9-/- mice, there was no significant change in the expression of ANXA2 and CD36 in these animals. HFD induced a significant elevation in the hepatic levels of all measured TG and DG but not of CER types, and increased the proportion of monounsaturated vs. saturated TGs and DGs. Similar changes were detected in the hepatic lipid profiles of HFD and PCSK9-/- mice. Co-localization of PCSK9 with LDLR, CD36 and ANXA2 was verified in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that obesogenic HFD downregulates PCSK9 expression in the liver and causes alterations in the hepatic lipid accumulation, which resemble those observed in PCSK9 deficiency. These findings suggest that PCSK9-mediated modulation of LDLR and CD36 expression might contribute to the HFD-induced changes in lipid homeostasis.
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Grants
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- FK138115 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- FK138115 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- FK138115 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- FK138115 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00015 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- FK138115 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
- 739593 Horizon 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó U. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Farkas Sarnyai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó U. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Dorina Lenzinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Éva Kereszturi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó U. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Brachyahu Meir Kestecher
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- HCEMM-SE Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- HCEMM-SE Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó U. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- HCEMM-SE Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Viola Tamási
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó U. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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23
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Baldini F, Diab F, Serale N, Zeaiter L, Portincasa P, Diaspro A, Vergani L. Adipocyte-hepatocyte crosstalk in cellular models of obesity: Role of soluble factors. Life Sci 2023; 317:121464. [PMID: 36731646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is often a consequence of obesity. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine regulator of metabolic homeostasis in the body. In obesity, adipocytes become hypertrophic and develop an inflammatory phenotype, altering the panel of secreted adipokines. Moreover, excess fatty acids are, in part, released by adipocytes and delivered to the liver. These multiple pathways of adipose-liver crosstalk contribute to the development and progression of liver disease: TNFα induces hepatocyte dysfunction, excess of circulating fatty acids promotes hepatic steatosis and inflammation, whilst adipokines mediate and exacerbate liver injury. In this study, we investigated in vitro the effects and mechanisms of the crosstalk between adipocytes and hepatocytes, as a function of the different adipocyte status (mature vs hypertrophic) being mediated by soluble factors. We employed the conditioned medium method to test how mature and hypertrophic adipocytes distinctively affect the liver, leading to metabolic dysfunction. The media collected from adipocytes were characterized by high triglyceride content and led to lipid accumulation and fat-dependent dysfunction in hepatocytes. The present findings seem to suggest that, in addition to triglycerides, other soluble mediators, cytokines, are released by mature and hypertrophic adipocytes and influence the metabolic status of liver cells. Understanding the precise factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD in obesity will provide important insights into the mechanisms responsible for the metabolic complications of obesity, paving the way for new possible approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Farah Diab
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Nadia Serale
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Lama Zeaiter
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Physics (DIFILAB), University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6 - Torre di Francia, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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Castelão-Baptista JP, Valente SA, Canário S, Oppolzer D, Barros A, Venâncio C, Martins T, Antunes L, Sardão VA, Rosa E, Oliveira PJ. Brassica oleracea Var italica by-Products Prevent Lipid Accumulation and Cell Death in a Liver Cell Model of Lipid Toxicity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040924. [PMID: 36839282 PMCID: PMC9965884 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a rising concern in the Eastern world, encompasses several co-morbidities, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Potential natural-based interventions to decrease the burden of obesity complications are being investigated. Many of the edible parts of plants are not sold for consumption and end up as massive waste, losing nutritional potential. In fact, a sizeable amount of waste is generated within the different steps of the food supply chain, representing a massive loss of both plant material and natural resources. A good example is Brassica by-products (BBPs). The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of three different extracts from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) by-products in an in vitro model of free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity using human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Broccoli leaf, stalk, and inflorescence extracts induced a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability of HepG2 cells. However, the maximal non-lethal concentrations of leaves, stalks, and inflorescences (10 μg/mL) did not compromise mitochondrial function or neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The extracts significantly decreased FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells either in a co-incubation or pre-incubation strategy. The broccoli extracts' capacity to prevent the FFA-induced decrease in catalase activity in HepG2 may explain the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Castelão-Baptista
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Sara A. Valente
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Sara Canário
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - David Oppolzer
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardão
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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25
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Yin X, Guo X, Liu Z, Wang J. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032844. [PMID: 36769165 PMCID: PMC9917647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, posing a significant threat to human health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. The main characteristic of NAFLD is considered that the excessive fat is accumulated and deposited in hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake or some other pathological causes. NAFLD is a progressive disease, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and death. Therefore, NAFLD will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades. Unlike other highly prevalent diseases, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD because of the absence of noninvasive and specific biomarkers. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD and the heterogeneity of the disease phenotype, no specific pharmacological therapies have been approved for NAFLD at present, although several drugs are in advanced stages of development. This review summarizes the current evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.)
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An L, Wirth U, Koch D, Schirren M, Drefs M, Koliogiannis D, Niess H, Andrassy J, Guba M, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Kühn F. Metabolic Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis and Development of NAFLD. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010101. [PMID: 36677026 PMCID: PMC9864958 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver fibrosis, which portends a poor prognosis in NAFLD, is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins resulting from abnormal wound repair response and metabolic disorders. Various metabolic factors play crucial roles in the progression of NAFLD, including abnormal lipid, bile acid, and endotoxin metabolism, leading to chronic inflammation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Autophagy is a conserved process within cells that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. Accumulating evidence has shown the importance of autophagy in NAFLD and its close relation to NAFLD progression. Thus, regulation of autophagy appears to be beneficial in treating NAFLD and could become an important therapeutic target.
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Zámbó V, Orosz G, Szabó L, Tibori K, Sipeki S, Molnár K, Csala M, Kereszturi É. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs3811792) Affecting Human SCD5 Promoter Activity Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101784. [PMID: 36292669 PMCID: PMC9601412 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined prevalence of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus is 10.5% worldwide and this is constantly increasing. The pathophysiology of the diseases include disturbances of the lipid metabolism, in which acyl-CoA desaturases play a central role as they synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, thereby providing protection against lipotoxicity. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase-5 (SCD5) isoform has received little scientific attention. We aimed to investigate the SCD5 promoter and its polymorphisms in vitro, in silico and in a case-control study. The SCD5 promoter region was determined by a luciferase reporter system in HepG2, HEK293T and SK-N-FI cells and it was proved to be cell type-specific, but it was insensitive to different fatty acids. The effect of the SCD5 promoter polymorphisms rs6841081 and rs3811792 was tested in the transfected cells. The T allele of rs3811792 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly reduced the activity of the SCD5 promoter in vitro and modified several transcription factor binding sites in silico. A statistically significant association of rs3811792 SNP with T1DM and T2DM was also found, thus supporting the medical relevance of this variation and the complexity of the molecular mechanisms in the development of metabolic disorders. In conclusion, the minor allele of rs3811792 polymorphism might contribute to the development of diabetes by influencing the SCD5 promoter activity.
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Ma Y, Zhang G, Kuang Z, Xu Q, Ye T, Li X, Qu N, Han F, Kan C, Sun X. Empagliflozin activates Sestrin2-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway and ameliorates lipid accumulation in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944886. [PMID: 36133815 PMCID: PMC9483033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) therapy has led to improvements in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein that controls the AMPK-mTOR pathway and inhibits oxidative damage in cells. This study investigated the functional implications of EMPA on the multifactorial pathogenesis of NAFLD and potential underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. An in vitro model of NAFLD was established by treating HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA); an in vivo model of NAFLD was generated by feeding C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet. Investigations of morphology and lipid deposition in liver tissue were performed. Expression patterns of Sestrin2 and genes related to lipogenesis and inflammation were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of Sestrin2 and AMPK/mTOR pathway components were detected by Western blotting. NAFLD liver tissues and PA-stimulated HepG2 cells exhibited excessive lipid production and triglyceride secretion, along with upregulation of Sestrin2 and increased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. EMPA treatment reversed liver damage by upregulating Sestrin2 and activating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Knockdown of Sestrin2 effectively increased lipogenesis and enhanced the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory genes in PA-stimulated HepG2 cells; EMPA treatment did not affect these changes. Furthermore, Sestrin2 knockdown inhibited AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway activity. The upregulation of Sestrin2 after treatment with EMPA protects against lipid deposition-related metabolic disorders; it also inhibits lipogenesis and inflammation through activation of the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. These results suggest that Sestrin2 can be targeted by EMPA therapy to alleviate lipogenesis and inflammation in obesity-related NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zenggguang Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Qu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxia Kan, ; Xiaodong Sun,
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxia Kan, ; Xiaodong Sun,
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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G. The Pathogenesis of HCC Driven by NASH and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944088. [PMID: 35873545 PMCID: PMC9301043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes that are similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. It is a specific form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis. Further exacerbation of NASH can lead to cirrhosis, which may then progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a lack of specific and effective treatments for NASH and NASH-driven HCC, and the mechanisms of the progression of NASH to HCC are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases to identify new therapeutic approaches. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the utility of natural products in NASH, which is likely to be a promising prospect for NASH. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of NASH and NASH-derived HCC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of natural products in NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Different Metabolism and Toxicity of TRANS Fatty Acids, Elaidate and Vaccenate Compared to Cis-Oleate in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137298. [PMID: 35806300 PMCID: PMC9266973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are not synthesized in the human body but are generally ingested in substantial amounts. The widespread view that TFAs, particularly those of industrial origin, are unhealthy and contribute to obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is based mostly on in vivo studies, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a hepatoma model of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity to compare the metabolism and effects of the representative industrial and ruminant TFAs, elaidate and vaccenate, respectively, with those of cis-oleate. Cellular FAs, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and ceramides were quantitated using chromatography, markers of stress and apoptosis were assessed at mRNA and protein levels, ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy and viability was evaluated by MTT assay. While TFAs were just slightly more damaging than oleate when applied alone, they were remarkably less protective against palmitate toxicity in cotreatments. These differences correlated with their diverse incorporation into the accumulating diacylglycerols and ceramides. Our results provide in vitro evidence for the unfavorable metabolic features and potent stress-inducing character of TFAs in comparison with oleate. These findings strengthen the reasoning against dietary trans fat intake, and they can also help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity.
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Li Y, Li C, Xiong Y, Fang B, Lin X, Huang Q. Didymin Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism: Based on Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1713-1729. [PMID: 35698653 PMCID: PMC9188374 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s351092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Origanum vulgare L. is a traditional Chinese herb, having a strong hepatoprotective effect. In our previous experiments, we have isolated an ingredient from this herb and identified it as didymin. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of didymin on liver injury and fibrosis, elucidating whether it was the pharmacodynamic material basis of Origanum vulgare L. Methods Mice were injected with CCl4 for 10 weeks to induce liver fibrosis, followed by didymin treatment for 6 weeks. Then, biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of didymin in alleviating fibrosis. Next, the possible mechanisms of didymin were predicted by transcriptomics and then verified by the multiple relevant examinations. Results The pharmacodynamic experiments indicated that didymin significantly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic injury and fibrogenesis, as evidenced by the ameliorative pathological tissue, low transaminase activity, and decreased collagen accumulation. Interestingly, the transcriptome analysis predicted that the potential targets were likely to be endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways. And the predictions were then verified by the following examinations: (1) didymin significantly inhibited ERS by regulating the ATF6, IRE1α, and PERK pathways; (2) didymin markedly alleviated hepatocyte apoptosis by restoring the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase families, as well as the mitochondrial dysfunction; (3) didymin significantly decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6); (4) didymin inhibited the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway by decreasing the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that didymin can ameliorate liver fibrosis, which is mainly attributed to the inhibition of ERS, inflammation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Xiong
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fang
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfang Huang
- The Pharmaceutical Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng ZY, Luo T. The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913883. [PMID: 35769384 PMCID: PMC9234462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, the effect of phytochemicals on signaling pathways involved in obesity were discussed on the basis of their chemical structure, suggesting molecular mechanisms for how phytochemicals may impact these signaling pathways. For example, compounds with an isothiocyanate group or an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group may interact with the TLR4 signaling pathway. Regarding Nrf2, we examine compounds possessing an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group which binds covalently with the cysteine thiols of Keap1. Additionally, phytochemical activation of PPARs, FTO and miRNAs were summarized. This information may be of value to better understand how specific phytochemicals interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Tibori K, Orosz G, Zámbó V, Szelényi P, Sarnyai F, Tamási V, Rónai Z, Mátyási J, Tóth B, Csala M, Kereszturi É. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Elevated Expression of a Potentially Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated SCD1 Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116221. [PMID: 35682900 PMCID: PMC9181825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in lipid metabolism related to excessive food intake and sedentary lifestyle are among major risk of various metabolic disorders. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) has an essential role in these diseases, as it catalyzes the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, both supplying for fat storage and contributing to cellular defense against saturated fatty acid toxicity. Recent studies show that increased activity or over-expression of SCD1 is one of the contributing factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the impact of the common missense rs2234970 (M224L) polymorphism on SCD1 function in transfected cells. We found a higher expression of the minor Leu224 variant, which can be attributed to a combination of mRNA and protein stabilization. The latter was further enhanced by various fatty acids. The increased level of Leu224 variant resulted in an elevated unsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratio, due to higher oleate and palmitoleate contents. Accumulation of Leu224 variant was found in a T2DM patient group, however, the difference was statistically not significant. In conclusion, the minor variant of rs2234970 polymorphism might contribute to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders, including T2DM, through an increased intracellular level of SCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tibori
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Gabriella Orosz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Veronika Zámbó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Péter Szelényi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Farkas Sarnyai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Viola Tamási
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
| | - Judit Mátyási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (J.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (J.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (É.K.)
| | - Éva Kereszturi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (K.T.); (G.O.); (V.Z.); (P.S.); (F.S.); (V.T.); (Z.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (É.K.)
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Olaniyi KS, Atuma CL, Sabinari IW, Mahmud H, Saidi AO, Fafure AA, Olatunji LA. Acetate-mediated-obestatin modulation attenuates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in high fat diet-induced obese rat model. Endocrine 2022; 76:558-569. [PMID: 35229234 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 650 million of world adult population is affected by obesity, which is characterized by adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunction. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been linked to improved metabolic profile. However, the effect of SCFAs, particularly acetate on adipose-hepatic dysfunction is unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of acetate on adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction and the possible involvement of obestatin in high fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (160-190 g) were allotted into groups (n = 6/group): Control, acetate-treated, obese and obese + acetate-treated groups received vehicle (distilled water), sodium acetate (200 mg/kg), 40% HFD and 40% HFD plus sodium acetate respectively. The administration lasted for 12 weeks. RESULTS HFD caused increased body weight gain and visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and increased pancreatic-β cell function and plasma/hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol as well as decreased adipose triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased plasma, adipose, and hepatic malondialdehyde, TNF-α, uric acid, lactate production and plasma/adipose but not gamma-glutamyl transferase and decreased plasma, adipose, and hepatic nitric oxide, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione (GSH) and obestatin concentration compared to the control group. Notwithstanding, treatment with acetate attenuated the alterations. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that high fat diet-induced obesity is characterized with adipose and hepatic lipid dysmetabolism, which is associated with obestatin suppression. Findings also suggest that acetate provide protection against adipose and hepatic metabolic perturbations by restoring obestatin as well as G6PD/GSH-dependent antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria.
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Chukwubueze L Atuma
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah W Sabinari
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mahmud
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Azeezat O Saidi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola A Fafure
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Wang C, Li S, Liu Q, Qian Q, Fu A, Chen L, Zhang L, Suzaki T, Yu Z, Dou X. Ectopic accumulation of ceramide in cardiomyocytes modulates alcoholic cardiomyopathy via the TLR4-dependent pathway. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1011-1022. [PMID: 35373347 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Excessive alcohol consumption predisposes drinkers to develop alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Although cardiomyocyte loss is the hallmark of cardiomyopathy, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study examined the potential mechanism of alcohol-induced cardiomyocyte death in a mouse model of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. METHODS We established the alcoholic cardiomyopathy mouse model using C57BL/6J mice and confirmed it via echocardiography and histological examination. The cardiac ceramide content and profile were analyzed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of ceramide due to chronic alcohol consumption and ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte death were investigated by in vivo and in vitro models. Finally, we established a TLR4 mutation model to explore the function of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice. RESULTS Cardiac lipotoxicity that followed alcohol exposure resulted mainly in C16:0-, C18:0-, and C24:1-ceramide aggregation. Genes encoding the sphingosine hydrolysis enzymes (SMPD1 and SMPD2) rather than de novo synthetic biomarkers were markedly upregulated. Exogenous ceramide mimics (C6-ceramide) werenderlying the accumulation of ceramide observed to cause H9C2 cardiomyocyte-like cell death, which was consistent with results under palmate acid (PA) treatment. As a ceramide precursor, PA induces intracellular ceramide generation through TLR4 signaling, which can be abolished by an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TLR4 attenuated PA-induced cell death and corresponding ceramide production. Moreover, global mutation of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice significantly reduced the accumulation of C24:0, C24:1, OH_C24:1, and total ceramide following alcohol challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that ceramide accumulation plays a crucial role in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, effects that are partially mediated through the TLR4-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Qian
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai Fu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiaxing Dong Fang Guo Yao Prepared Decoction Pieces of Traditional, Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
| | | | - ZhiLing Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Branković M, Jovanović I, Dukić M, Radonjić T, Oprić S, Klašnja S, Zdravković M. Lipotoxicity as the Leading Cause of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095146. [PMID: 35563534 PMCID: PMC9105530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging issues nowadays are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced stage non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which further can be a predisposing factor for chronic liver complications, such as cirrhosis and/or development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver lipotoxicity can influence the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), so oxidative stress is also crucial for the progression of NASH. Moreover, NASH is in strong connection with metabolic disorders, and supporting evidence shows that insulin resistance (IR) is in a close relation to NAFLD, as it is involved in the progression to NASH and further progression to hepatic fibrosis. The major issue is that, at the moment, NASH treatment is based on lifestyle changes only due to the fact that no approved therapeutic options are available. The development of new therapeutic strategies should be conducted towards the potential NAFLD and NASH treatment by the modulation of IR but also by dietary antioxidants. As it seems, NASH is going to be the leading indication for liver transplantation as a consequence of increased disease prevalence and the lack of approved treatment; thus, an effective solution is needed as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor Jovanović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tijana Radonjić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Oprić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marija Zdravković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska kosa, Dr Žorža Matea bb, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.D.); (T.R.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (M.Z.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Pathological Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles and Their MicroRNAs to Progression of Chronic Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050637. [PMID: 35625364 PMCID: PMC9137620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from most types of cells. EVs encapsulate many diverse bioactive cargoes, such as proteins and nucleic acid, of parental cells and delivers them to recipient cells. Upon injury, the contents altered by cellular stress are delivered into target cells and affect their physiological properties, spreading the disease microenvironment to exacerbate disease progression. Therefore, EVs are emerging as good resources for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases because they reflect the characteristics of donor cells and play a central role in intercellular communication. Chronic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In chronic liver disease, the production and secretion of EVs are significantly elevated, and increased and altered cargoes are packed into EVs, enhancing inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Herein, we review EVs released under specific chronic liver disease and explain how EVs are involved in intercellular communication to aggravate liver disease. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound endogenous nanoparticles released by the majority of cells into the extracellular space. Because EVs carry various cargo (protein, lipid, and nucleic acids), they transfer bioinformation that reflects the state of donor cells to recipient cells both in healthy and pathologic conditions, such as liver disease. Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects numerous people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. EVs released from damaged hepatic cells are involved in CLD progression by impacting intercellular communication between EV-producing and EV-receiving cells, thereby inducing a disease-favorable microenvironment. In patients with CLD, as well as in the animal models of CLD, the levels of released EVs are elevated. Furthermore, these EVs contain high levels of factors that accelerate disease progression. Therefore, it is important to understand the diverse roles of EVs and their cargoes to treat CLD. Herein, we briefly explain the biogenesis and types of EVs and summarize current findings presenting the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CLD. As the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) within EVs in liver disease is well documented, the effects of miRNAs detected in EVs on CLD are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of EVs to treat CLD.
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Wang X, Ma Q, Chen L, Wu H, Chen LQ, Qiao F, Luo Y, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is essential for stress adaptation by maintaining lipid homeostasis in female fish. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159162. [PMID: 35427795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of lipid synthesis often causes free fatty acid (FFA) overload, resulting consequential oxidative stress and health damage. Environmental stresses also induce cellular oxidative stress in organisms. The functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg) gene is essential for lipid synthesis and homeostatic lipid maintenance. However, the relationship between the pparg-mediated lipid synthesis and environmental stress adaptation awaits full elucidation. Here, we generated a pparg-knockout zebrafish model. The conversion of free fatty acids into triglycerides in the female pparg mutants was hampered by reduced esterification efficiency, thus induced lipotoxicity, as evidenced by high oxidative stress and damaged health in these mutants, which led to reduced resistance to cold, heat and ammonia nitrogen stresses. Activating pparg in the wild-type female fish via dietary supplementation with rosiglitazone (a pparg agonist), or reducing oxidative stress in the female pparg mutants via dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant), or promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the female pparg mutants via dietary supplementation with l-carnitine, resulted in significantly reduced cellular injury, and improved environmental stress resistance. Collectively, our findings reveal that the regulative function of pparg in FFA esterification is important in stress resistance in female fish, and highlight the tight correlation existing between lipotoxicity and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Yalcin EB, Tong M, Homans C, de la Monte SM. Myriocin Treatment Reverses Alcohol-Induced Alterations in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Containing Phospholipid Expression in the Liver. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221082012. [PMID: 35250275 PMCID: PMC8891894 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221082012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol exposure causes steatohepatitis manifested by abnormal intra-hepatocyte accumulation of lipid and parenchymal inflammation. Attendant alterations in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids could cause alcoholic liver disease (ALD) to progress by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Previously we showed that myriocin, a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, ameliorates experimental alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. However, the surprising overall therapeutic responses suggested that myriocin's targets may go beyond sphingolipids. To this end, the present study examines the effects of myriocin on hepatic composition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phospholipids in an experimental model of ALD. A chronic+binge ethanol exposure model was generated by feeding Long Evans rats with ethanol-containing diets (24% caloric content) for 8 weeks and simultaneously binge gavage administering 2 g/kg ethanol on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays during Weeks 6-8. Myriocin was administered by i.p. injection on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays of Weeks 3-8. Control rats were studied in parallel. Upon euthanasia, the livers were harvested to examine ethanol- and/or myriocin-modulation of hepatic lipids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Results were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance and depicted with data bar plots and heatmaps. Chronic+binge ethanol exposures significantly increased hepatic expression of AA-containing phospholipids including PE(36:4) (P = .005), PE(38:4) (P = .03), and PI(38:4) (P = .04) and reduced DHA-containing phospholipids including PS(40:6) (P = .03) and PE(40:6) (P = .04) relative to control. Myriocin partially reversed ethanol's effects on hepatic PUFA expression by decreasing PE(36:4) (P = .004) and increasing PS(40:6) (P = .04) and PI(40:6) (P = .0003) relative to ethanol-exposed rats. Ethanol-mediated alterations in hepatic PUFA-containing phospholipids may contribute to hepatic oxidative and inflammatory injury by increasing AA and fibrogenesis by inhibiting DHA. The results suggest that Myriocin may help reduce or prevent long-term and progressive liver injury stemming from excessive chronic+binge ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Emine B Yalcin, Providence VA Medical Center, Research Service Building 35, 830 Chalkstone Ave, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Camilla Homans
- Health and Human Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center and the Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Yuan J, Yu Z, Gao J, Luo K, Shen X, Cui B, Lu Z. Inhibition of GCN2 alleviates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in obese mice: Involvement of NRF2 regulation. Redox Biol 2022; 49:102224. [PMID: 34954499 PMCID: PMC8718669 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Previous observations on the contradictory roles of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) in regulating the hepatic redox state under different nutritional conditions prompted an investigation of the underlying mechanism by which GCN2 regulates ROS homeostasis. In the present study, GCN2 was found to interact with NRF2 and decrease NRF2 expression in a KEAP1-dependent manner. Activation of GCN2 by halofuginone treatment or leucine deprivation decreased NRF2 expression in hepatocytes by increasing GSK-3β activity. In response to oxidative stress, GCN2 repressed NRF2 transcriptional activity. Knockdown of hepatic GCN2 by tail vein injection of an AAV8-shGcn2 vector attenuated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice in an NRF2-dependent manner. Inhibition of GCN2 by GCN2iB also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in both ob/ob mice and high fat diet-fed mice, which was associated with significant changes in lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that GCN2iB decreased fatty acid and sphingomyelin levels but increased aliphatic amino acid and phosphatidylcholine levels in fatty livers. Collectively, our results provided the first direct evidence that GCN2 is a novel regulator of NRF2 and that specific GCN2 inhibitors might be potential drugs for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yuan
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuoran Yu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junling Gao
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiyue Shen
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingqing Cui
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Toktogulova N, Tuhvatshin R. Features of the Course of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Experimental Animals at High Altitudes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nearly 25% of adults worldwide are affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). taged changes in the liver from steatosis progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its complicated forms such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are very few data in the literature on the development of NAFLD in conditions of high altitude. There are no data on the state of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD in high altitude conditions. Thus, simulating NAFLD on animals in artificial highlands will help find answers to these questions.
Aim: to study the features of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experimental animals in artificial high-mountain conditions.
Material and methods: The study was carried out on 180 male Wistar rats. 7 groups of experimental animals were formed, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats of the control group were on a standard diet. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was modeled by keeping animals on a diet (Ackermann et al., 2005) rich in fructose and fat in low and high mountain conditions (in a pressure chamber 6000 m above sea level) for 35 and 70 days. In all groups of animals, the following was determined: the concentration of total bilirubin (TB), the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), the total protein content in plasma (TP), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Results: In animals on a diet enriched with fructose and fat, it equally led to the inhibition of the synthetic function of the liver, both in high altitude and in low altitudes. Liver enzyme levels were uncertain. AST levels were high in all major groups, with a similar upward trend at 5 and 10 weeks on the fructose-fortified diet. The greatest shift was observed on the part of ALT in animals under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia, the growth of which was statistically significantly lower than in the low- altitude groups. The opposite picture was observed in pigment metabolism. Indicators of total cholesterol and LDL increased almost twofold in the main high- altitude groups, and were significantly higher than the indicators of low- altitude animals with p <0.001. The activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the main group, when the animals were raised in the pressure chamber, statistically significantly increased after 5 weeks compared to the low-altitude group by more than 2 times and statistically significantly correlated with cytolysis syndromes, hypercholesterolemia and impaired synthetic function against the background of liver hypoergosis.
Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in animals on a special diet enriched with fructose under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia is characterized by deeper violations of pigment metabolism, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and lipid spectrum with simultaneously statistically significant low alanine aminotransferase indices compared to low-altitude groups on an identical diet.
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Toktogulova N, Tukhvatshin R, Mainazarova E. Dynamics of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Animals with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Under Conditions of Hypobaric Hypoxia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study was to study the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 4 (IL-4), on a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experimental animals under conditions of low mountains and hypobaric hypoxia.
METHODS: The study was carried out on 180 male Wistar rats, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats of the control group were on a standard diet. NAFLD was modeled by keeping animals on a diet (Ackermann et al., 2005) rich in fructose and fat in conditions of low mountains and hypobaric hypoxia (in a pressure chamber 6000 m above sea level) for 35 and 70 days. Total cholesterol (TC) and lipid spectrum, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined in all groups of animals.
RESULTS: The activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the main group during the rise of animals in the pressure chamber increased statistically significantly on the 35th day in comparison with the low-altitude group by more than 2 times, and on the 70th day of staying at the high-altitude did not have convincing differences from the low-altitude group. The cytokine index (TNF-α/IL-4) of animals in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia on a fructose enriched diet increased by more than 1.5 times after 5 weeks, staying at an altitude for 10 weeks led to a decrease of TNF-α/IL-4 in relation to the low-mountain group, in which the opposite picture was observed - a tendency towards an increase in TNF-α/IL-4. IL-4 and TNF-α _levels were statistically significantly correlated with lipid metabolism disorders.
CONCLUSION: NAFLD in animals on a special diet enriched with fructose under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia leads to deeper disturbances in the system of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the lipid spectrum.
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Bourebaba N, Marycz K. Hepatic stellate cells role in the course of metabolic disorders development - A molecular overview. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105739. [PMID: 34171492 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents in the liver parenchyma that lead to hepatic cirrhosis. After liver injury, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo a response called "activation", transforming the cells into proliferative, fibrogenic and contractile myofibroblasts, representing the main collagen-producing cells in the injured tissue. Activated HSCs are considered as pro-inflammatory cells producing cytokines and several hepatomatogens; they are additionally involved in the recruitment of Kupffer cells, circulating monocytes and macrophages through the production of chemokines. Moreover, HSC have been proposed as being involved in the development of insulin resistance mainly mediated by their inflammatory properties, which undeniably links their activation to the development of diabetes and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, when the liver is injured, a complex interaction between hepatocytes and HSCs occurs, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to the accumulation of fats in hepatocytes that trigger to liver lipotoxicity. These mechanisms underlying the activation of HSC suggest their major role in the development of metabolic disorders. It turns out that several molecules including MicroRNAs and proteins have the ability to inhibit the activation and the proliferation of HSCs, which makes them interesting therapeutic targets for the subsequent management of metabolic conditions. This review focuses on the mechanisms and molecular pathways underlying the initiation and onset of metabolic disorders following HSCs activation, as well as on molecular therapeutic targets, which could limit their fibrogenic transdifferentiation and therefore improve the liver condition in the course of metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114, Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114, Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
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Lupin γ-conglutin protects against cell death induced by oxidative stress and lipotoxicity, but transiently inhibits in vitro insulin secretion by increasing K ATP channel currents. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:76-90. [PMID: 34280449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupin γ-conglutin beneficially modulates glycemia, but whether it protects against oxidative and lipotoxic damage remains unknown. Here, we studied the effects of γ-conglutin on cell death provoked by hydrogen peroxide and palmitate in HepG2 hepatocytes and insulin-producing MIN6 cells, and if a modulation of mitochondrial potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was involved. We also investigated how γ-conglutin influences insulin secretion and electrical activity of β-cells. The increased apoptosis of HepG2 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide was prevented by γ-conglutin, and the viability and ROS content in γ-conglutin-treated cells was similar to that of non-exposed cells. Additionally, γ-conglutin partially protected MIN6 cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced death. This was associated with a marked reduction in ROS. No significant changes were found in the mitochondrial potential of γ-conglutin-treated cells. Besides, we observed a partial protection against lipotoxicity only in hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, we found a transient inhibition of insulin secretion, plasma membrane hyperpolarization, and higher KATP channel currents in β-cells treated with γ-conglutin. Our data show that γ-conglutin protects against cell death induced by oxidative stress or lipotoxicity by decreasing ROS and might also indicate that γ-conglutin promotes a β-cell rest, which could be useful for preventing β-cell exhaustion in chronic hyperglycemia.
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LXRα activation and Raf inhibition trigger lethal lipotoxicity in liver cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:201-217. [PMID: 35122079 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The success of molecular therapies targeting specific metabolic pathways in cancer is often limited by the plasticity and adaptability of metabolic networks. Here we show that pharmacologically induced lipotoxicity represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LXRα-induced liponeogenesis and Raf-1 inhibition are synthetic lethal in HCC owing to a toxic accumulation of saturated fatty acids. Raf-1 was found to bind and activate SCD1, and conformation-changing DFG-out Raf inhibitors could disrupt this interaction, thereby blocking fatty acid desaturation and inducing lethal lipotoxicity. Studies in genetically engineered and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced HCC mouse models and xenograft models of human HCC revealed that therapies comprising LXR agonists and Raf inhibitors were well tolerated and capable of overcoming therapy resistance in HCC. Conceptually, our study suggests pharmacologically induced lipotoxicity as a new mode for metabolic targeting of liver cancer.
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Hwang I, Lee EJ, Park H, Moon D, Kim HS. Retinol from hepatic stellate cells via STRA6 induces lipogenesis on hepatocytes during fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:3. [PMID: 33407858 PMCID: PMC7789180 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated in response to liver injury with TIF1γ-suppression, leading to liver fibrosis. Here, we examined the mechanism how reduction of TIF1γ in HSCs induces damage on hepatocytes and liver fibrosis. Method Lrat:Cas9-ERT2:sgTif1γ mice were treated Tamoxifen (TMX) or wild-type mice were treated Thioacetamide (TAA). HSCs were isolated from mice liver and analyzed role of Tif1γ. HepG2 were treated retinol with/without siRNA for Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) or Retinoic acid receptor(RAR)-antagonist, and LX2 were treated siTIF1γ and/or siSTRA6. TAA treated mice were used for evaluation of siSTRA6 effect in liver fibrosis. Results When we blocked the Tif1γ in HSCs using Lrat:Cas9-ERT2:sgTif1γ mice, retinol is distributed into hepatocytes. Retinol influx was confirmed using HepG2, and the increased intracellular retinol led to the upregulation of lipogenesis-related-genes and triglyceride. This effect was inhibited by a RAR-antagonist or knock-down of STRA6. In the LX2, TIF1γ-suppression resulted in upregulation of STRA6 and retinol release, which was inhibited by STRA6 knock-down. The role of STRA6-mediated retinol transfer from HSCs to hepatocytes in liver fibrosis was demonstrated by in vivo experiments where blocking of STRA6 reduced fibrosis. Conclusions Retinol from HSCs via STRA6 in response to injury with TIF1γ-reduction is taken up by hepatocytes via STRA6, leading to fat-deposition and damage, and liver fibrosis. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Injoo Hwang
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 DeaHak-ro, JongRo-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyomin Park
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dodam Moon
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 DeaHak-ro, JongRo-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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Hwang S, Yun H, Moon S, Cho YE, Gao B. Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:751802. [PMID: 34707573 PMCID: PMC8542869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.751802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver disorders, from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with fatty liver, NASH is characterized by increased liver injury and inflammation, in which liver-infiltrating immune cells, with neutrophil infiltration as a hallmark of NASH, play a critical role in promoting the progression of fatty liver to NASH. Neutrophils are the first responders to injury and infection in various tissues, establishing the first line of defense through multiple mechanisms such as phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species production, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of NASH remain obscure. The current review summarizes the roles of neutrophils that facilitate the progression of fatty liver to NASH and their involvement in inflammation resolution during NASH pathogenesis. The notion that neutrophils are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NASH is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungwon Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Abe A, Uno K, Ogawa S, Watanabe A, Sano R, Yuki M, Miyajima K, Nakae D. A trans fatty acid substitute enhanced development of liver proliferative lesions induced in mice by feeding a choline-deficient, methionine-lowered, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:251. [PMID: 33317575 PMCID: PMC7737357 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of liver disease characterized by steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis, resulting in cirrhosis and cancer. Efforts have focused on reducing the intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) because of potential hazards to human health and the increased risk for NASH. However, the health benefits of reducing dietary TFAs have not been fully elucidated. Here, the effects of TFAs vs. a substitute on NASH induced in mice by feeding a choline-deficient, methionine-lowered, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAA-HF) were investigated. Methods Mice were fed CDAA-HF containing shortening with TFAs (CDAA-HF-T(+)), CDAA-HF containing shortening without TFAs (CDAA-HF-T(−)), or a control chow for 13 or 26 weeks. Results At week 13, NASH was induced in mice by feeding CDAA-HF-T(+) containing TFAs or CDAA-HF-T(−) containing no TFAs, but rather mostly saturated fatty acids (FAs), as evidenced by elevated serum transaminase activity and liver changes, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. CDAA-HF-T(−) induced a greater extent of hepatocellular apoptosis at week 13. At week 26, proliferative (preneoplastic and non-neoplastic) nodular lesions were more pronounced in mice fed CDAA-HF-T(−) than CDAA-HF-T(+). Conclusions Replacement of dietary TFAs with a substitute promoted the development of proliferation lesions in the liver of a mouse NASH model, at least under the present conditions. Attention should be paid regarding use of TFA substitutes in foods for human consumption, and a balance of FAs is likely more important than the particular types of FAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-020-01423-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki-Kemuriyama
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture , 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akari Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kiniko Uno
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Sano
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Yuki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture , 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture , 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan. .,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Nia A, Dhanasekaran R. Genomic Landscape of HCC. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 19:448-461. [PMID: 33816052 PMCID: PMC8015384 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world and it has limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular drivers of HCC is important to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics. PURPOSE OF REVIEW HCC arises in a complex background of chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and liver regeneration which lead to genomic changes. Here, we summarize studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular landscape of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have elucidated specific genetic and molecular programs involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We summarize the major somatic mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in NGS-based studies. We also describe promising molecular therapies and immunotherapies which target specific genetic and epigenetic molecular events. SUMMARY The genomic landscape of HCC is incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Promising new developments are helping us decipher the molecular drivers of HCC and leading to new therapies.
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