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Hu LF, Bian TT, Chen Q, Liu MY, Li JJ, Kong QX, Zhang JK, Wu J, Cheng J, Yu R, Qiu YQ, Gao YF, Chen GS, Ye Y, Wu T, Li JB. Viral shedding pattern of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in severely ill patients: A prospective, Multicenter cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33611. [PMID: 39027598 PMCID: PMC11255444 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is spreading rapidly in Asia. The pathway of SFTS virus shedding from patient and specific use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) against viral transmission have rarely been reported. The study was to determine SFTS virus (SFTSV) shedding pattern from the respiratory, digestive and urinary tract to outside in patients. Methods: Patients were divided into mild and severe groups in three sentinel hospitals for SFTS in Anhui province from April 2020 to October 2022. SFTSV level from blood, throat swabs, fecal/anal swabs, urine and bedside environment swabs of SFTS patients were detected by qRT-PCR. Specific PPEs were applied in healthcare workers contacting with the patients who had oropharyngeal virus shedding and hemorrhagic signs. Results A total of 189 SFTSV-confirmed patients were included in the study, 54 patients died (case fatality rate, 28.57 %). Positive SFTSV in throat swabs (T-SFTSV), fecal/anal swabs (F-SFTSV) and urine (U-SFTSV) were detected in 121 (64.02 %), 91 (48.15 %) and 65 (34.4 %) severely ill patients, respectively. The levels of T-SFTSV, F-SFTSV and U-SFTSV were positively correlated with the load of SFTSV in blood. We firstly revealed that SFTSV positive rate of throat swabs were correlated with occurrence of pneumonia and case fatality rate of patients (P < 0.0001). Specific precaution measures were applied by healthcare workers in participating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and orotracheal intubation for severely ill patients with positive T-SFTSV, no event of SFTSV human-to-human transmission occurred after application of effective PPEs. Conclusions Our research demonstrated SFTSV could shed out from blood, oropharynx, feces and urine in severely ill patients. The excretion of SFTSV from these parts was positively correlated with viral load in the blood. Effective prevention measures against SFTSV human-to-human transmission are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Yu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lu'an People's Hospital, Jin'an District, Lu'an, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Qin Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wu X, Moming A, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang T, Fu L, Qian J, Ni J, Hu S, Tang S, Zheng X, Wang H, Shen S, Deng F. Identification and characterization of three monoclonal antibodies targeting the SFTSV glycoprotein and displaying a broad spectrum recognition of SFTSV-related viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012216. [PMID: 38848311 PMCID: PMC11161016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel tick-borne viral pathogen that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). The disease was initially reported in central and eastern China, then later in Japan and South Korea, with a mortality rate of 13-30%. Currently, no vaccines or effective therapeutics are available for SFTS treatment. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SFTSV envelope glycoprotein Gn were obtained using the hybridoma technique. Two mAbs recognized linear epitopes and did not neutralize SFTSV, while the mAb 40C10 can effectively neutralized SFTSV of different genotypes and also the SFTSV-related Guertu virus (GTV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) by targeting a spatial epitope of Gn. Additionally, the mAb 40C10 showed therapeutic effect in mice infected with different genotypes of SFTSV strains against death by preventing the development of lesions and by promoting virus clearance in tissues. The therapeutic effect could still be observed in mice infected with SFTSV which were administered with mAb 40C10 after infection even up to 4 days. These findings enhance our understanding of SFTSV immunogenicity and provide valuable information for designing detection methods and strategies targeting SFTSV antigens. The neutralizing mAb 40C10 possesses the potential to be further developed as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against SFTSV and SFTSV-related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Abulimiti Moming
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liyan Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Chen S, Saqib M, Khan HS, Bai Y, Ashfaq UA, Mansoor MK, Moming A, Liu J, Zhou M, Niazi SK, Wu Q, Sial AUR, Tang S, Sarfraz MH, Javed A, Hayat S, Khurshid M, Khan I, Athar MA, Taj Z, Zhang B, Deng F, Zohaib A, Shen S. Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence. Virol Sin 2024; 39:369-377. [PMID: 38599520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan. However, studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited. This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Tamdy virus (TAMV), and Karshi virus (KSIV) based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, and Zika virus (ZIKV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive samples. The results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV, CCHFV, TAMV, KSIV, and ZIKV was 17.37%, 7.58%, 4.41%, 1.10%, and 6.48%, respectively, and neutralizing to SFTSV (1.79%), CCHFV (2.62%), and ZIKV (0.69%) were identified, as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus (GTV, 0.83%). Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were analyzed. Moreover, co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated, as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing activity. Males, individuals aged ≤40 years, and outdoor workers had a high risk of exposure to arboviruses. All these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan, and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple arboviruses. The findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Yuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abulimti Moming
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Qiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Awais-Ur-Rahman Sial
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Athar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Medical Center DHA Phase 1, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Taj
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Wen Y, Fang Y, Cao F, Zhang G, Cheng S, Yu Y, Huang R, Ni Z, Li J. A person-to-person transmission cluster of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome characterized by mixed viral infections with familial and nosocomial clustering. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24502. [PMID: 38298613 PMCID: PMC10827760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease with sporadic occurrence and high mortality. Herein, we report an example of the in-hospital transmission of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infections with familial and nosocomial clustering in Zhejiang Province, eastern China, from March to April 2023. The epidemiological investigation and genomic analysis revealed that at least eight suspected cases of SFTS occurred in this cluster, including one death and one asymptomatic case. Our report reemphasizes the risk of familial and nosocomial SFTSV infections in healthcare settings and the urgent need for the long-term systematic surveillance of SFTSV evolution in humans and animals in the eastern coastal regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wen
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yezhen Fang
- Shangcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Cao
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Huang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Ni
- Shangcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Kim EH, Park SJ. Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2309. [PMID: 37764153 PMCID: PMC10536723 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The expanding range of ticks, the primary vectors for SFTSV, combined with migration patterns of tick-carrying birds, sets the stage for the global spread of this virus. SFTSV rapidly evolves due to continuous mutation and reassortment; currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Thus, the threat this virus poses to global health is unmistakable. This review consolidates the most recent research on SFTSV, including its molecular characteristics, transmission pathways through ticks and other animals, as well as the progress in antiviral drug and vaccine development, encompassing animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Ma M, Zou M, Zhao L, Ou M, Geng Y, Li C, Shen H, Chen Y. Rapid and portable bunyavirus SFTSV RNA testing utilizing catalytic hairpin assembly coupled with lateral flow immunoassay. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0214423. [PMID: 37681992 PMCID: PMC10581038 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02144-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a prevalent, life-threatening, emergent infectious disease. Currently, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosing SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection, which requires sophisticated equipment and professional personnel that are frequently unavailable in most SFTS endemic rural areas. Here, we reported a simple, rapid nucleic acid amplification system that combined the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip-based detection method for SFTSV detection. The detection of SFTSV RNA could be realized by generation of H1-H2 hybrid duplexes labeled with biotin and digoxin, which subsequently added to the LFIA test strips containing streptavidin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647 as well as anti-digoxin antibodies. Our CHA-based LFIA assay offered high amplification efficiency and specificity with a detection limit of 1 aM. Crucially, this method enabled stable detection of 500 copies/mL of SFTSV within 30 min using clinical serum samples. Therefore, our CHA-based LFIA approach provided a potential useful tool to facilitate early and precise diagnosis of SFTS patients in poorly resourced SFTS endemic areas.IMPORTANCESevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging and potentially fatal infectious disease prevalent in China. Here we report a simple, rapid nucleic acid amplification system, the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) in conjunction with a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip-based detection method for SFTS virus detection, which demonstrated high amplification efficiency and specificity with limit of detection of 1 aM. Most importantly, we also validate our CHA-based LFIA assay using the clinical serum samples, which was fully compatible with reverse transcription-PCR results. Therefore, our strategy provides a potential useful tool to facilitate early and precise diagnosis of SFTS patients especially in poorly resourced SFTS endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyin Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingrong Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Liu T, Zhang N, Li H, Hou S, Liu X. Analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome cluster in east China. Virol J 2023; 20:199. [PMID: 37658435 PMCID: PMC10474674 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a common tick-borne, natural focal disease. SFTS virus (SFTSV) transmission can occur between family members through close contact with an infected patient. In this study, we explored the possible transmission route of an outbreak cluster in east China. METHOD A case-control study was carried out to analyze the potential risk factors for person-to-person transmission. Bunia virus was detected by IgM antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to calculate the association of possible risk factors for SFTSV transmission. RESULTS Two patients had a clear history of blood and aerosols contact, and one may be exposed to aerosols in a closed environment. Five close contacts of the Index patient were IgM-positive and three were IgM and SFTSV RNA positive. Exposure to a poorly ventilated space where the corpse was stored (χ2 = 5.49, P = 0.019) and contact with the Index patient's contaminated items (χ2 = 15.77, P < 0.001) significantly associated with SFTSV infection. CONCLUSION We suspect that the cluster outbreak was possibly a person-to-person transmission of SFTSV, which may have been transmitted by directly contacting with blood of SFTS patient. The propagation of aerosols in closed environments is also an undeniable transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Hou
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuwei Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Fuhou Rd, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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Wei X, Li S, Lu Y, Qiu L, Xu N, Guo X, Chen M, Liang H, Cheng D, Zhao L, Hao S, Kou Z, Wen H. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus aerosol infection in C57/BL6 mice. Virology 2023; 581:58-62. [PMID: 36913913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Although secondary cases have become infected with the SFTSV after being in the same space without direct contact with the index case, it has not been experimentally determined if the SFTSV can be transmitted through aerosols. Here, this study aimed to verify if the SFTSV could be transmitted by aerosols. Firstly, we demonstrated that the SFTSV can infect BEAS-2B cells, and SFTSV genomes can be isolate from mild patient's sputum, which provided a foundation for the existence of SFTSV aerosol transmission. Then, we evaluated total antibody production in serum and viral load in tissue of mice infected with SFTSV by aerosols. The results showed that the presence of antibodies is related to the dose of virus infection and the SFTSV preferentially replicates in the lungs of mice following an aerosol exposure. Our study will help update the prevention and treatment guidelines for SFTSV and prevent the spread of the SFTSV in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Cheeloo Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Infection, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Cheeloo Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianhu Guo
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Shubin Hao
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, key laboratory for the prevention and control of infectious diseases (key laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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Persistent and Severe Viral Replication in PBMCs with Moderate Immunosuppression Served an Alternative Novel Pathogenic Mechanism for Canine Morbillivirus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0406022. [PMID: 36533959 PMCID: PMC9927106 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04060-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause lethal infections in their respective hosts characterized by severe immunosuppression. To furtherly acknowledge the attenuated mechanisms of the regionally ongoing epidemic CDV isolates and provide novel perspectives for designing new vaccines and therapeutic drugs, a recombinant CDV rHBF-vacH was employed with a vaccine hemagglutinin (H) gene replacement by reverse genetics based on an infectious cDNA clone for the CDV wild-type HBF-1 strain. Interestingly, unlike previously published reports that a vaccine H protein completely changed a pathogenic wild-type CDV variant to be avirulent, rHBF-vacH was only partially attenuated by alleviating the degree of viral immunosuppression, and still caused 66.7% lethality in ferrets with a prolonged period of disease. Further comparisons of pathogenic mechanisms proved that the weaker but necessary invasions into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rHBF-vacH, and subsequently persistent viral replications in PBMCs and multiple organs, together contributed to its 66.7% mortality. In addition, despite significantly higher titers than the parent viruses, rHBF-vacH would not be a suitable candidate for a live vaccine, with great invasion and infection potentials of PBMCs from 16 tested kinds of host species. Altogether, sustained and severe viral replication in PBMCs with moderate immunosuppression was first proven to be an alternative novel pathogenic mechanism for CDV, which might help us to understand possible reasons for CDV fatal infections among domestic dogs and the highly susceptible wild species during natural transmission. IMPORTANCE Despite widespread vaccine campaigns for domestic dogs, CDV remained an important infectious disease in vaccinated carnivores and wild species. In recent years, the regionally ongoing epidemic CDV isolates have emphasized conservation threats to, and potentially disastrous epidemics in, endangered species worldwide. However, little is known about how to deal with the CDV variants constantly regional epidemic. In this study, we employed a recombinant CDV rHBF-vacH with a vaccine H gene replacement in a CDV wild-type HBF-1 context to attenuate the epidemic CDV variant to design a new vaccine candidate. Interestingly, rHBF-vacH was only partially attenuated by alleviating the degree of viral immunosuppression, and still caused 66.7% lethality in ferrets by weaker but necessary invasions into PBMCs, and subsequently persistent and severe viral replications in PBMCs. Significantly higher virus titers of rHBF-vacH in vitro might indicate the rapid cell-to-cell spreads in vivo that indirectly contribute to fatal infections of rHBF-vacH in ferrets.
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Zhu Y, Xing C, Yang L, Li Q, Wang X, Zhou J, Zhang C, Ren C, Liu F, He J, Shen B, Du Y, Liu Y. Dual-gene detection in a single-tube system based on CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a for severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977382. [PMID: 36406407 PMCID: PMC9668895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease, which is caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). The disease results in high mortality and increased morbidity and threatens global public health. Rapid detection of SFTSV is crucial for epidemic prevention in low-resource settings. Here we developed deployable, sensitive and rapid detection methods based on CRISPR/Cas12a or Cas13a technologies. The CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection assay could stably detect the SFTSV L or M genes at 10 cp/μl. The Cas13a-based method could detect the L gene as low as 0.75 cp/μl. For point-of-care testing, we combined fluorescence visualization and lateral flow detection with CRISPR/Cas-based assays. Furthermore, using the orthogonal DNA/RNA collateral activity of the Cas12a/Cas13a system, we present the dual-gene detection platform for SFTSV, which can simultaneously detect the L and M genes in a single tube. Based on the dual-gene detection, we designed multiplexed test strips to detect SFTSV. All our methods were initially validated using 52 clinical samples, showing 100% sensitivity and specificity. These new CRISPR/Cas-based detection methods are promising candidates for on-site detection of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fahu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Shen S, Zhang Y, Yin Z, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Wang T, Fang Y, Wu X, Bai Y, Dai S, Liu X, Jin J, Tang S, Liu J, Wang M, Guo Y, Deng F. Antiviral activity and mechanism of the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, suggesting its potential to promote treatment of viral diseases. BMC Med 2022; 20:359. [PMID: 36266654 PMCID: PMC9585728 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome disease (SFTS), caused by the novel tick-borne SFTS virus (SFTSV), was listed among the top 10 priority infectious disease by World Health Organization due to the high fatality rate of 5-30% and the lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines and therefore raised the urgent need to develop effective anti-SFTSV drugs to improve disease treatment. METHODS The antiviral drugs to inhibit SFTSV infection were identified by screening the library containing 1340 FDA-approved drugs using the SFTSV infection assays in vitro. The inhibitory effect on virus entry and the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis under different drug doses was evaluated based on infection assays by qRT-PCR to determine intracellular viral copies, by Western blot to characterize viral protein expression in cells, and by immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) to determine virus infection efficiencies. The therapeutic effect was investigated in type I interferon receptor defective A129 mice in vivo with SFTSV infection, from which lesions and infection in tissues caused by SFTSV infection were assessed by H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Six drugs were identified as exerting inhibitory effects against SFTSV infection, of which anidulafungin, an antifungal drug of the echinocandin family, has a strong inhibitory effect on SFTSV entry. It suppresses SFTSV internalization by impairing the late endosome maturation and decreasing virus fusion with the membrane. SFTSV-infected A129 mice had relieving symptoms, reduced tissue lesions, and improved disease outcomes following anidulafungin treatment. Moreover, anidulafungin exerts an antiviral effect in inhibiting the entry of other viruses including SARS-CoV-2, SFTSV-related Guertu virus and Heartland virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Zika virus, and Herpes simplex virus 1. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, could effectively inhibit virus infection by interfering with virus entry, suggesting it may be utilized for the clinical treatment of infectious viral diseases, in addition to its FDA-approved use as an antifungal. The findings also suggested to further evaluate the anti-viral effects of echinocandins and their clinical importance for patients with infection of viruses, which may promote therapeutic strategies as well as treatments and improve outcomes pertaining to various viral and fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yaxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhiyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yaohui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Chen Q, Yang D, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Chen N, Yushan Z. Transmission and mortality risk assessment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China: results from 11-years' study. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:93. [PMID: 36058928 PMCID: PMC9440863 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission and fatal risk of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging infectious disease first discovered in China in 2009, still needed further quantification. This research aimed to analyze the SFTS clusters and assess the transmission and mortality risk for SFTS. Methods Both epidemiological investigation and case reports regarding SFTS clusters in China during 2011–2021 were obtained from the Public Health Emergency Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The transmission risk was evaluated by using the secondary attack rate (SAR) and relative risk (RR). Mortality risk factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results There were 35 SFTS clusters during 2011–2021 involving 118 patients with a fatality rate of 22.0%. The number of clusters annually increased seasonally from April to September. The clusters mainly occurred in Anhui (16 clusters) and Shandong provinces (8 clusters). The SAR through contact with blood or bloody fluids was much higher than that through contact with non-bloody fluids (50.6% vs 3.0%; χ2 = 210.97, P < 0.05), with an RR of 16.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.23–26.97]. There was a statistically significant difference in the SAR between exposure to the blood of a deceased person during burial preparation and exposure to the living patients’ blood (66.7% vs 34.5%; χ2 = 6.40, P < 0.05), with an RR of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.11–3.37). The mortality risk factors were a long interval from onset to diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.385), 95% CI: 1.083–1.772, P = 0.009) and advanced age (OR: 1.095, 95% CI: 1.031–1.163, P = 0.01). Conclusions The SFTS clusters showed a high mortality rate and resulted in a high SAR. Contact with a bleeding corpse was associated with a higher infection risk, compared with contacting the blood from living patients. It is important to promote early detection and appropriate case management of patients with SFTS, as well as improved handling of their corpses, to prevent further transmission and mortality. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mantong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zainawudong Yushan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China.
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13
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Wang D, Cao K, Shen X, Zhang B, Chen M, Yu W. Clinical Characteristics and Immune Status of Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:465-473. [PMID: 35675657 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel infectious disease caused by bunya virus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of SFTS patients and their virus-related immune disorders in vivo. Patients with SFTS admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into survival group and death group according to the 28-day survival. Clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results of SFTS patients were recorded, and dynamic changes of immune function and inflammatory factors were statistically analyzed. Prolonged activated prothrombin time (APTT) (p = 0.001), high viral load (p = 0.001), and elevated human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) level (p = 0.002) were independent prognostic risk factors for SFTS patients. Compared to the survival group, the nonsurvival group was more prone to hemorrhagic and neurological symptoms (p < 0.05). Natural kill (NK) cell count, interleukin-10, interferon-α, and tumor necrosis factor-α scores in the nonsurvival group continued to increase after admission, while CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cell counts continued to decrease. CD3+ T lymphocyte count was negatively correlated with viral load (R = 0.3883, p < 0.001), CD4+ T lymphocyte count was negatively correlated with viral load (R = 0.28933, p < 0.001), CD8+ T lymphocyte count was negatively correlated with viral load (R = 0.781, p < 0.001), and HLA-DR was positively correlated with viral load (R = 0.489, p < 0.001). High viral load, prolonged APTT time, and elevated HLA-DR level are independent prognostic risk factors for SFTS patients. The T lymphocyte subsets of SFTS patients continue to decrease after infection, and the number of T lymphocyte subsets can reflect the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beiyuan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Han XH, Ma Y, Liu HY, Li D, Wang Y, Jiang FH, Gao QT, Jiang F, Liu BS, Shen GS, Chen ZL. Identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus genotypes in patients and ticks in Liaoning Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:120. [PMID: 35379310 PMCID: PMC8981814 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), is an acute infectious disease transmitted by ticks that has recently been identified. There are no reports of epidemic serotypes in Liaoning Province, PR China. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify genotypes of SFTSV in this province. Methods In 2019, quantitative PCR testing was performed on 17 patients suspected of being infected with SFTS in Liaoning Province and on 492 ticks from the counties and cities surrounding the patients’ residences. Four samples were subjected to virus isolation and whole-genome amplification. Results Molecular diagnostic results confirmed SFTSV infection in five of the 17 suspected cases of SFTS and in 12 of the 492 ticks, with a prevalence of 2.4%. Four strains of SFTSV were successfully isolated from patients’ blood and ticks. Phylogenetic analysis after whole-genome amplification and sequencing showed that they all belonged to genotype A of SFTSV. Conclusions This study is the first to determine the genotype of SFTSV in patients and ticks in Liaoning Province, PR China. The results deepen our understanding of the SFTS epidemic and provide information on the variability in mortality rate among genotypes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05237-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Jiang
- Dandong Service Center of Agricultural and Rural Development, Dandong, Liaoning Province, 118000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Tian Gao
- Dandong Service Center of Agricultural and Rural Development, Dandong, Liaoning Province, 118000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Shun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhou CM, Qi R, Qin XR, Fang LZ, Han HJ, Lei XY, Yu XJ. Oral and ocular transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:2-6. [PMID: 38074978 PMCID: PMC10699656 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus that could cause a severe hemorrhagic fever termed SFTS with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. Importantly, SFTSV is frequently transmitted from person-to-person and patients' blood or excreta are considered as the risk factors for transmission of SFTSV. However, the mechanism of person-to-person transmission of SFTSV is still elusive. METHODS In this study, wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J mice and a lethal SFTSV mouse model IFNAR-/- A129 mice were utilized to evaluate whether SFTSV could be transmitted via oral or ocular routes. C57BL/6 J mice were inoculated with cell-cultured SFTSV via oral and ocular inoculation. IFNAR-/- A129 mice were inoculated with cell-cultured SFTSV or SFTSV infected mouse acute sera via oral and ocular inoculation. RESULTS We found that SFTSV antibody positive rates in C57BL/6 J mice were 70% (7/10) and 30% (3/10) in the oral inoculation group and ocular inoculation group, respectively on day 21 post SFTSV inoculation. The mortality rates of IFNAR-/- mice with oral and ocular inoculation of cell-cultured SFTSV were 100% and 83.33% (5/6), respectively on day 6 post inoculation. The mortality rates of IFNAR-/- mice with oral and ocular inoculation of SFTSV infected mouse acute serum were 100% and 66.67% (4/6), respectively on day 9 post inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results show that SFTSV can be transmitted effectively through oral and ocular membrane, suggesting exposure to SFTS positive excreta may be a high-risk factor of nosocomial transmission of SFTSV in hospitals and/or families. Family members and healthcare workers should be protected properly during taking care of SFTS patients to prevent SFTSV nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qi
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lei
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhan L, Huang K, Xia W, Chen J, Wang L, Lu J, Wang J, Lin J, Wu W. The Diagnosis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:83-89. [PMID: 35046673 PMCID: PMC8760998 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s345991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an infectious disease caused by a bunyaviridae virus. Its main clinical manifestation is fever with thrombocytopenia, which may be accompanied by other clinical symptoms. Here, we report a patient diagnosed with SFTS using metagenomic next‑generation sequencing (mNGS). Case Presentation A 56-year-old female patient was hospitalized with intermittent diarrhea and fever. She visited a local clinic for treatment, but instead of improving, the symptoms progressed to unconsciousness. Diagnosis Using mNGS, we isolated the bunyaviridae virus and several other pathogens from the patient’s blood samples to confirm the diagnosis. Interventions The patient was treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy, including intravenous human γ-globulin (20 g/d), platelet transfusion, platelet elevation (subcutaneous injection of recombinant human thrombopoietin, 15,000 IU), white blood cell elevation (subcutaneous injection of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 200 ug, qd); and antibiotic (cefoperazone sodium and tazobactam sodium, 2 g, q8h), antiviral (ganciclovir, 250 mg, q12h), and antifungal therapy (voriconazole for injection, 0.2 g, q12h). After ten days of treatment, the patient’s condition gradually improved. Conclusion Compared to traditional detection methods, mNGS has many advantages. It can quickly identify the pathogen when the patient’s clinical manifestations are complex and difficult to diagnose, resulting in the formulation of an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Airborne Military Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Wu; Jun Lin Email ;
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Kuba Y, Kyan H, Azama Y, Fukuchi Y, Park ES, Kakita T, Oyama M, Maeshiro N, Miyahira M, Nidaira M, Maeda K, Morikawa S, Taniguchi K. Seroepidemiological study of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in animals and humans in Okinawa, Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101821. [PMID: 34525434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Okinawa prefecture, Japan, the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was confirmed in August 2016, and this case remains to be the only reported case of SFTS in Okinawa. The epidemiological investigation indicated that the patient had been infected on the main island of Okinawa, but source and route of infection were unknown. Therefore, to understand the possible source and route of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in Okinawa, we performed a seroepidemiological study of SFTSV among animals and dwellers in Okinawa and conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate risk factors for tick bites in Okinawa. Among the 1,035 serum samples from four different animal species, anti-SFTSV antibodies were detected in only 4.2% wild mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) serum samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detection of anti-SFTSV antibodies in wild mongooses. Meanwhile, all 1,104 human inhabitants tested negative for anti-SFTSV antibodies, suggesting that the frequency of SFTSV exposure is low in Okinawa. Logistic regression analysis of the questionnaire results showed that outdoor activity was associated with an increased risk of tick bite among Okinawa residents. Despite the current low frequency of SFTSV infection in animals and humans, endemic circulation of the virus in Okinawa should be carefully monitored in the area for preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumani Kuba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan; Department of Child Medical Health and Development, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Azama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Fukuchi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minori Oyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Maeshiro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyosu Taniguchi
- Department of Child Medical Health and Development, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, 357 Osato-kubota, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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18
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Wang B, He Z, Yi Z, Yuan C, Suo W, Pei S, Li Y, Ma H, Wang H, Xu B, Guo W, Huang X. Application of a decision tree model in the early identification of severe patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255033. [PMID: 34329338 PMCID: PMC8324211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease with a fatality of up to 30%. To identify the severity of SFTS precisely and quickly is important in clinical practice. Methods From June to July 2020, 71 patients admitted to the Infectious Department of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 990 Hospital were enrolled in this study. The most frequently observed symptoms and laboratory parameters on admission were collected by investigating patients’ electronic records. Decision trees were built to identify the severity of SFTS. Accuracy and Youden’s index were calculated to evaluate the identification capacity of the models. Results Clinical characteristics, including body temperature (p = 0.011), the size of the lymphadenectasis (p = 0.021), and cough (p = 0.017), and neurologic symptoms, including lassitude (p<0.001), limb tremor (p<0.001), hypersomnia (p = 0.009), coma (p = 0.018) and dysphoria (p = 0.008), were significantly different between the mild and severe groups. As for laboratory parameters, PLT (p = 0.006), AST (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CK (p = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild and severe groups of SFTS patients. A decision tree based on laboratory parameters and one based on demographic and clinical characteristics were built. Comparing with the decision tree based on demographic and clinical characteristics, the decision tree based on laboratory parameters had a stronger prediction capacity because of its higher accuracy and Youden’s index. Conclusion Decision trees can be applied to predict the severity of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan He
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- Joint Logistics Support Force NO.990 Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Wenshuai Suo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujun Pei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bianli Xu
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanshen Guo
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Fang X, Hu J, Peng Z, Dai Q, Liu W, Liang S, Li Z, Zhang N, Bao C. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus human-to-human transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009037. [PMID: 33930022 PMCID: PMC8087050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was listed as one of the most severe infectious disease by world health organization in 2017. It can mostly be transmitted by tick bite, while human-to-human transmission has occurred on multiple occasions. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and make risk analysis of SFTS human-to-human transmission. METHODS Descriptive and spatial methods were employed to illustrate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SFTS human-to-human transmission. The risk of SFTS human-to-human transmission was accessed through secondary attack rate (SAR) and basic reproductive number (R0). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated risk factors. RESULTS A total of 27 clusters of SFTS human-to-human transmission were reported in China and South Korea during 1996-2019. It mainly occurred among elder people in May, June and October in central and eastern China. The secondary cases developed milder clinical manifestation and better outcome than the index cases. The incubation period was 10.0 days (IQR:8.0-12.0), SAR was 1.72%-55.00%, and the average R0 to be 0.13 (95%CI:0.11-0.16). Being blood relatives of the index case, direct blood/bloody secretion contact and bloody droplet contact had more risk of infection (OR = 6.35(95%CI:3.26-12.37), 38.01 (95%CI,19.73-73.23), 2.27 (95%CI,1.01-5.19)). CONCLUSIONS SFTS human-to-human transmission in China and South Korea during 1996-2019 had obvious spatio-temporal distinction. Ongoing assessment of this transmission risk is crucial for public health authorities though it continues to be low now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu institution of Public health), Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, China
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20
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Li J, Li S, Yang L, Cao P, Lu J. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: a highly lethal bunyavirus. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 47:112-125. [PMID: 33245676 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1847037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel bunyavirus. Since 2007, SFTS disease has been reported in China with high fatality rate up to 30%, which drew high attention from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and government. SFTSV is endemic in the centra l and eastern China, Korea and Japan. There also have been similar cases reported in Vietnam. The number of SFTSV infection cases has a steady growth in these years. As SFTSV could transmitted from person to person, it will expose the public to infectious risk. In 2018 annual review of the Blueprint list of priority diseases, World Health Organisation has listed SFTSV infection as prioritised diseases for research and development in emergency contexts. However, the pathogenesis of SFTSV remains largely unclear. Currently, there are no specific therapeutics or vaccines to combat infections of SFTSV. This review discusses recent findings of epidemiology, transmission pathway, pathogenesis and treatments of SFTS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Risk factors for person-to-person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:582-585. [PMID: 33161921 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for person-to-person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). DESIGN Studies reporting the person-to-person transmission or cluster infection of SFTS were identified and included for risk-factor analyses. METHODS Risk factors were investigated by analyzing characteristics of index patients who caused cluster infection and correlation between exposure history and secondary infection. RESULTS Analyses of 23 clusters of SFTS infections indicated that all index patients died and that they all had a symptom of bleeding 24 hours before death. Of 89 secondary cases, 82% had been exposed to the index patients' blood. The blood-contact-specific secondary attack rate was 62.4% (73 of 117). The risk relative value was 25 (95% CI, 15-42); thus, the probability of a person getting infected was 25 times more likely when they had contacted blood than when they had not. CONCLUSION Exposure to blood of SFTS patients is the highest risk factor for person-to-person infection with SFTSV. SFTS patients' families and healthcare workers should be educated to handle SFTS patients properly and safely to prevent the spread of SFTSV.
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22
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Huang XY, He ZQ, Wang BH, Hu K, Li Y, Guo WS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transmission mode. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e239. [PMID: 32993819 PMCID: PMC7584033 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a disease with a high case-fatality rate that is caused by infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Five electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published from 1 January 2011 to 1 December 2019. The pooled rates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by a fixed-effect or random-effect model analysis. The results showed that 92 articles were included in this meta-analysis. For the confirmed SFTS cases, the case-fatality rate was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11, 0.18). Two hundred and ninety-six of 1384 SFTS patients indicated that they had been bitten by ticks and the biting rate was 0.21 (95% CI 0.16, 0.26). The overall pooled seroprevalence of SFTSV antibodies among the healthy population was 0.04 (95% CI 0.03, 0.05). For the overall seroprevalence of SFTSV in animals, the seroprevalence of SFTSV was 0.25 (95% CI 0.20, 0.29). The infection rate of SFTSV in ticks was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05, 0.11). In conclusion, ticks can serve as transmitting vectors of SFTSVs and reservoir hosts. Animals can be infected by tick bites, and as a reservoir host, SFTSV circulates continuously between animals and ticks in nature. Humans are infected by tick bites and direct contact with patient secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Y. Huang
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z. Q. He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B. H. Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - K. Hu
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y. Li
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W. S. Guo
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Diaz JH. Emerging Tickborne Viral Infections: What Wilderness Medicine Providers Need to Know. Wilderness Environ Med 2020; 31:489-497. [PMID: 32891500 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are versatile vectors of infectious diseases and transmit a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Ticks harbor pathogens without infection and share pathogens with other ticks while feeding together on a host. The primary objective of this review is to identify tickborne viral pathogens in the United States, focusing on emerging pathogens. Additional objectives include describing the epidemiology of tick-transmitted viruses, identifying the most common tick vectors of viral pathogens in the United States, identifying the most common tick-transmitted viruses worldwide, and recommending effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of tickborne viral infections. Flaviviruses transmitted by ixodid ticks cause most tickborne viral infections that present clinically as either encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever. Recently, several new tickborne viruses have emerged in the United States, including Bourbon virus, Heartland virus, Powassan virus, and the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus transmitted by a tick recently introduced from China, the Asian long-horned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis). In most cases, there are no specific drug therapies for tickborne viral infections, and treatment is supportive. Vaccination, personal protection, landscape management, and wildlife management are all effective strategies for the primary prevention and control of tickborne viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Diaz
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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24
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Koga S, Takazono T, Ando T, Hayasaka D, Tashiro M, Saijo T, Kurihara S, Sekino M, Yamamoto K, Imamura Y, Miyazaki T, Yanagihara K, Morita K, Izumikawa K, Mukae H. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus RNA in Semen, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2127-2128. [PMID: 31625854 PMCID: PMC6810197 DOI: 10.3201/eid2511.190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) can be transmitted between humans. We describe a case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in which SFTSV RNA was detected in semen after its disappearance from serum. Our findings indicate possible sexual transmission of this emerging virus.
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25
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Huntington MK, Bryan JP, Moon TD, Imperato PJ, McLellan SLF, Taylor WR, Schieffelin JS. Emerging Trends in Clinical Tropical Medicine Research. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:8-11. [PMID: 31094312 PMCID: PMC6609189 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene recently inaugurated an award for the best clinical research article published in the society’s journal in the previous year. This article summarizes both the process of selecting the winner and several themes that stood out in those articles which rose to the top for consideration. Themes of note included the importance of doing clinical research outside of referral centers, the complexity that must be considered when implementing interventions, incorporation of both ends of the age spectrum into studies, and considering cost-effectiveness and opportunity cost of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Huntington
- Department of Family Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Joe P Bryan
- Center for Global Health, Division for Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Troy D Moon
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Susan L F McLellan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Walter R Taylor
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom.,Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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26
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Hu J, Li Z, Cai J, Liu D, Zhang X, Jiang R, Guo X, Liu D, Zhang Y, Cui L, Shen J, Zhu F, Bao C. A Cluster of Bunyavirus-Associated Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Cases in a Coastal Plain Area in China, 2015: Identification of a Previously Unidentified Endemic Region for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Bunyavirus. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz209. [PMID: 31211156 PMCID: PMC6559278 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a typical tick-borne, natural focal disease. The natural foci of SFTS were considered to exist in hilly and mountainous areas before 2015. A cluster of 3 patients exposed to a patient with a fulminant disease consistent with SFTS occurred from July to August 2015 in Dongtai County, which is characterized by alluvial plains; this prompted investigation. Methods The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of 4 patients in the cluster were analyzed. Serum samples from the indigenous healthy population and native domesticated animals were collected to conduct laboratory tests, along with small wild animals and ticks. Results In 3 secondary case patients, high fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia developed within 8-13 days after contact with blood or bloody secretions from the index patient; SFTS was then diagnosed by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genomic sequencing and analysis of S and L segments of 2 viral strains isolated from 2 secondary case patients showed that they shared 99.8%-99.9% homology in nucleotide sequence. The seroprevalences among indigenous healthy population, native livestock, native poultry, and small wild animals was 0.74%, 17.54%, 6.67%, and 1.12%, respectively. Three questing ticks, 61 feeding ticks, and 178 small wild animals were collected in August 2015. Survey on tick density and seasonal fluctuation in 2016 showed that ticks were active from March to October. All ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia bunyavirus (SFTSV)-specific RNA was detected in the ticks collected in 2016, and the minimum SFTSV infection rate in these ticks was 0.54% (1 of 185).Wild mammals and ticks collected in August 2015 tested negative for SFTSV-specific RNA. Conclusions Aside from hilly or mountainous area, a coastal plain was identified as the natural foci of SFTSV in Dongtai County, China. The involvement of migration in the evolution of SFTSV might lead to a transregional transmission event of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jiaping Cai
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Donglin Liu
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Renjie Jiang
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Xilin Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jinjin Shen
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
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27
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Qi R, Qin XR, Wang L, Han HJ, Cui F, Yu H, Liu JW, Yu XJ. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome can masquerade as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007308. [PMID: 30925154 PMCID: PMC6457554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate and high frequency of person-to-person transmission and is caused by SFTSV, a tick-borne Phlebovirus. Because SFTS has similar clinical manifestations and epidemic characters (such as spatial and temporal distributions) with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China, we reason that SFTS patients might be misdiagnosed as HFRS. Methodology/principal findings Acute-phase sera of 128 clinically diagnosed HFRS patients were retrospectively analyzed for Hantavirus IgM antibodies with ELISA. Hantavirus-negative patients’ sera were further analyzed for SFTSV IgM antibodies with ELISA. ELISA showed that 73 of 128 (57.0%) of clinically diagnosed HFRS patients were IgM antibody positive to Hantaviruses. Among the 55 Hantavirus-IgM negative patients, four (7.3%) were IgM antibody positive to SFTSV. The results indicated that the four SFTS patients were misdiagnosed as HFRS. The misdiagnosed SFTS patients had clinical manifestations common to HFRS and were unable to be differentiated from HFRS clinically. Conclusions Our study showed that SFTS patients could be clinically misdiagnosed as HFRS. The misdiagnosis of SFTS as HFRS causes particular concern because it may increase the risk of death of SFTS patients and person-to-person transmission of SFTSV without proper care for and isolation of SFTS patients. SFTS were clinically misdiagnosed as HFRS. It could cause particular concern in China. Physicians could not rely heavily on the exposure history. Both SFTS and HFRS patients are treated based on the clinical diagnosis in China. Laboratory confirmation of both diseases is not performed in clinical hospitals and the patients’ blood was usually submitted to a local or provincial center for disease control and prevention. In most cases the confirmation diagnosis is to provide retrospective information rather than to guide clinical therapy. Therefore, physicians need to carefully differentiate SFTS and HFRS patients because the fatality of SFTS is much higher than HFRS and SFTS is easily spread from person to person by contacting infected blood or even through aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qi
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-rong Qin
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo City, China
| | - Hui-ju Han
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Cui
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo City, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-wei Liu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: ,
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28
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Transmission routes of the virus causing viral hemorrhagic fever: Extreme precautions are prudent but high-quality evidence must be gathered. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019; 40:608-609. [PMID: 30895919 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Jung IY, Choi W, Kim J, Wang E, Park SW, Lee WJ, Choi JY, Kim HY, Uh Y, Kim YK. Nosocomial person-to-person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:633.e1-633.e4. [PMID: 30677496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is an epidemiologic investigation of nosocomial severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs) after contact with an index patient. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to blood or bloody respiratory secretion is associated with human-to-human transmission of SFTSV. METHODS Eleven days after the index patient died, two HCWs who had close exposure to the patient presented with typical symptoms of SFTS. An epidemiological investigation was conducted on all 25 HCWs who had been in close contact with the index patient. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and transmission rate before and after the index patient had haemorrhagic manifestations was analysed. RESULTS Among 25 HCWs who had direct contact with the index patient, five HCWs were confirmed to have SFTS. All five HCWs had contact to blood or bloody respiratory secretions of the index patient without adequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). No HCW with contact before haemorrhagic manifestations of the index patient contracted SFTS. Overall, the transmission rate was higher for HCWs who had contact after the index patient had haemorrhagic manifestations (33.3%, five of 15 HCWs, vs. 0%, zero of ten HCWs, p 0.041). CONCLUSIONS In HCWs who are inadequately protected, person-to-person transmission of SFTSV may be associated with contact with blood or bloody respiratory secretions. Therefore, universal precaution and full PPE is highly recommended for protection against SFTSV when there are signs of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - W Choi
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - E Wang
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - S-W Park
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - W-J Lee
- Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Y Uh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
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30
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Kang JG, Cho YK, Jo YS, Chae JB, Oh SS, Kim KH, Ko MK, Yi J, Choi KS, Yu DH, Kim HC, Park J, Park BK, Choi CY, Jung YH, Chae JS. Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in the Republic of Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1153-1157. [PMID: 29724620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SFTSV antigens and anti-SFTSV antibodies in black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) throughout the ROK. Sera were collected from 737 black goats in nine provinces in the ROK. Eighteen of 737 (2.4%) goat sera were positive for SFTSV on one-step reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified 346-bp S segments of SFTSV sequences were classified into three genotypes (BG1, BG2, and BG3), and were included in the Japanese clade rather than the Chinese clade, based on phylogenetic analysis. Forty-three of 624 (6.9%) serum samples were seropositive for anti-SFTSV antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. This study is the first to examine the molecular prevalence of SFTSV in goats and the first to perform serological detection of anti-SFTSV antibodies in livestock in the ROK. Moreover, the results indicate that SFTSV is widely distributed in goats and that additional monitoring for SFTSV is needed in livestock in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suck Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyung Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kwangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Keun Park
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Creative for Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute of Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Abstract
Ticks are important vectors for the transmission of pathogens including viruses. The viruses carried by ticks also known as tick-borne viruses (TBVs), contain a large group of viruses with diverse genetic properties and are concluded in two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Some members of the TBVs are notorious agents causing severe diseases with high mortality rates in humans and livestock, while some others may pose risks to public health that are still unclear to us. Herein, we review the current knowledge of TBVs with emphases on the history of virus isolation and identification, tick vectors, and potential pathogenicity to humans and animals, including assigned species as well as the recently discovered and unassigned species. All these will promote our understanding of the diversity of TBVs, and will facilitate the further investigation of TBVs in association with both ticks and vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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