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Geboers L, de Vet E, Rongen FC, Poelman MP. More than the worksite cafeteria: the workplace food environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Netherlands. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e137. [PMID: 38679460 PMCID: PMC11374566 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the food environment of Dutch small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), encompassing physical, sociocultural, economic and policy features and to explore variations within SMEs according to company characteristics (number of employees, location of work and presence of worksite cafeteria). DESIGN Online cross-sectional survey study of a representative Dutch SME sample by a panel agency. SETTING Dutch SMEs. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and fifteen employees of Dutch SMEs responsible for food and drink in their company. RESULTS Most SMEs did not have a worksite cafeteria, no provision of fruits or vegetables, and did not offer discounts on food or drinks. The food environment of these SMEs varied significantly based on company characteristics. For example, SMEs with a worksite cafeteria were significantly more likely to have fruits (OR = 8·76, 95 % CI (4·50, 17·06)), vegetables (OR = 10·29, 95 % CI (5·49, 19·31)) and company food policies (OR = 5·04, 95 % CI (2·08, 12·20)) than SMEs without. Additionally, SMEs with ≥ 50 employees were more likely to have fruits (OR = 2·39, 95 % CI (1·42, 4·03)), vegetables (OR = 1·89, 95 % CI (1·04, 3·46)) and company food policies (OR = 2·82, 95 % CI (1·09, 7·29) than SMEs with < 50 employees. Moreover, having a worksite cafeteria (B = 0·23, 95 % CI (0·08, 0·38)) and employees working mostly on-site (B = 0·14, 95 % CI (0·01, 0·28)) were associated with stronger social norms of healthy and sustainable eating at work compared to SMEs without a worksite cafeteria and working mostly off-site. CONCLUSIONS In SMEs, an overall comprehensive picture of the food environment points to its limited active encouragement of healthy food choices, particularly so in small SMEs without a worksite cafeteria. Company characteristics strongly influence SME food environments and should be considered when developing interventions improving SME workplace food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Geboers
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frédérique C Rongen
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Holmes AJ, Quinn TD, Conroy MB, Paley JL, Huber KA, Gibbs BB. Associations of physical and social workplace characteristics with movement behaviors at work. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 8:e000225. [PMID: 36819009 PMCID: PMC9937511 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose Sedentary behavior (SB) is common in desk-based work and prolonged periods of SB are associated with negative health outcomes. This study assessed associations between workplace characteristics and setting and movement patterns during working hours. Methods This secondary analysis used baseline data from the Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Decrease Blood Pressure (RESET BP) clinical trial which enrolled inactive, desk-based workers with elevated blood pressure (n=271; mean age: 45.3±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 30.66±7.1 kg/m2; 59.4% women). Physical and social workplace characteristics were assessed by a study-developed questionnaire and the Office Environment and Sitting Scale (OFFESS). Participants also wore an activPAL activity monitor for 7 days and reported working hours in a diary to measure SB and physical activity (PA) specifically while working. Linear regression was used to analyze cross-sectional associations between workplace characteristics and SB and PA. A stratified analysis was also conducted to assess associations among home-based and in-office desk workers separately. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and work wear time. Results Participants spent 77% of working hours in SB. Public vs. private offices, working in-office vs. at home, higher local connectivity, and greater overall connectedness were associated with lower SB and/or greater PA (all p<0.05). Higher frequency of face-to-face interactions, and greater visibility and proximity to co-workers was associated with less SB and more PA (all p<0.05). For example, home-based workers had more total SB (+17.2±8.4 mins/day), more SB bouts ≥30 mins (+39.1±12.8 mins/day), and less steps (695±201 steps/day) than in-office employees. Stratification by office setting revealed differences in associations between SB and PA and workplace characteristics. Conclusions More public, open spaces with more social interactions and physical walkways could improve SB and PA patterns during work. Home-based workers had more SB, less PA, and unique associations of these activities with workplace characteristics, suggesting a need for tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Holmes
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tyler D Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Molly B Conroy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joshua L Paley
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kimberly A Huber
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
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3
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Mustafa FA, Ali JS. Active Design: Architectural Interventions for Improving Occupational Health Through Reducing Sedentary Behavior - A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:93-102. [PMID: 35738885 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review architects' literature concerning stair promoting design interventions for reducing sedentary behavior and improving occupational health. DATA SOURCES English language, manuscripts published between 2000 and 2022 in Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA The criteria for inclusion in this review include; Presence of two words from the searching term in the title, a study conducted by an architect (or at least one architect author), English language, published after 2000, investigate built environment and design features that influence stair use in the building. DATA EXTRACTION The data extraction process included; Author (year), country, study design, type of buildings, the population of the study, duration of the study, measured variables (dependent and independent), measurement tool, analysis and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and analytical figures with narratives summary. RESULT Nine features of the built environment that affect stair use determined from the literature; safety, motivations, appeal and comfort, and legibility were the most common features in the studies, followed by connectivity, building codes, and elevator programming. The good quality of mentioned features positively affects stair use level and vice versa. However, the review also reports a shortage of architects in both practice and research concerning active stair design. CONCLUSION Stair use is of great importance in increasing physical activity and improving occupational health in the workplace. Architects and designers should pay special attention to the design of staircases and encourage their everyday use by considering the largest number of features that encourage stair use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Ali Mustafa
- Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, 275716Salahaddin University - Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Janan Sabah Ali
- Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, 275716Salahaddin University - Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
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Pronk NP. Company-Level Assessments and Organizational Policy Recommendations for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. ACSM'S HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Shokeen D, Tamber Aeri B, Sinha S. Assessment of food environment at work and its association with cardiometabolic health among employed adults in Delhi, India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102544. [PMID: 35763919 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unhealthy food environment at work is believed to be playing a role in the burgeoning obesity, cardiometabolic risk, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in India. Therefore, food environment assessment at work is crucial to understand the effect of food environment and to find its association with cardiometabolic risk among adults in Delhi, India. METHODOLOGY Mix-methods study to find association between worksite food environment on the food choices, dietary behavior, and cardio-metabolic health of 455 apparently healthy adults (both males and females) aged 25-55 years was done in urban India. RESULTS Unhealthy food environment, poor eating pattern and sedentary lifestyle at work resulted in clustering of CMR factors among the study participants. Work environment assessment revealed that worksites with canteens had higher overall CHEW score for all its domains (Physical, nutritional, and information environment), in comparison to worksites without or no canteens. Four out of ten apparently healthy adults had metabolic syndrome indicating poor cardiometabolic health. The odds of CMR in subjects with access to canteen (unhealthy food) were estimated to be 0.74 (CI: 0.51 to 1.07; p = 0.11) times the odds of CMR in subjects without canteen (limited access to food). Females (β:0.34; 95% CI:0.23, 0.44; p = 0.00) had high CMR factors in comparison to males. Overall cardiometabolic risk factors increased with age (β:0.01; 95% CI:0.01,0.01; p = 0.00). CONCLUSION Findings of the present study urge the need for dietary and lifestyle intervention along with longitudinal studies to further disentangle the association of the food and work environment on the prevalence of CMR among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Shokeen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bani Tamber Aeri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Sikha Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Brakenridge CJ, Gardiner PA, Grigg RV, Winkler EAH, Fjeldsoe BS, Schaumberg MA, Owen N, Eakin EG, Biddle SJH, Moodie M, Daly RM, Green DJ, Cohen N, Gray L, Comans T, Buman MP, Goode AD, Nguyen P, Gao L, Healy GN, Dunstan DW. Sitting less and moving more for improved metabolic and brain health in type 2 diabetes: 'OPTIMISE your health' trial protocol. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:929. [PMID: 35538430 PMCID: PMC9086419 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines recommend that adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) sit less and move more throughout the day. The 18-month OPTIMISE Your Health Clinical Trial was developed to support desk-based workers with T2D achieve these recommendations. The two-arm protocol consists of an intervention and control arms. The intervention arm receives 6 months health coaching, a sit-stand desktop workstation and an activity tracker, followed by 6 months of text message support, then 6 months maintenance. The control arm receives a delayed modified intervention after 12 months of usual care. This paper describes the methods of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention, compared to a delayed intervention control. METHODS This is a two-arm RCT being conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Desk-based workers (≥0.8 full-time equivalent) aged 35-65 years, ambulatory, and with T2D and managed glycaemic control (6.5-10.0% HbA1c), are randomised to the multicomponent intervention (target n = 125) or delayed-intervention control (target n = 125) conditions. All intervention participants receive 6 months of tailored health coaching assisting them to "sit less" and "move more" at work and throughout the day, supported by a sit-stand desktop workstation and an activity tracker (Fitbit). Participants receive text message-based extended care for a further 6-months (6-12 months) followed by 6-months of non-contact (12-18 months: maintenance). Delayed intervention occurs at 12-18 months for the control arm. Assessments are undertaken at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 15 and 18-months. Primary outcomes are activPAL-measured sitting time (h/16 h day), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c; %, mmol/mol) and, cognitive function measures (visual learning and new memory; Paired Associates Learning Total Errors [adjusted]). Secondary, exploratory, and process outcomes will also be collected throughout the trial. DISCUSSION The OPTIMISE Your Health trial will provide unique insights into the benefits of an intervention aimed at sitting less and moving more in desk-bound office workers with T2D, with outcomes relevant to glycaemic control, and to cardiometabolic and brain health. Findings will contribute new insights to add to the evidence base on initiating and maintaining behaviour change with clinical populations and inform practice in diabetes management. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTRN12618001159246 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Brakenridge
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Australian Catholic University, Mary Mackillop Institute of Health Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- University of Southern Queensland, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Ipswich, Australia
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Health Research, Springfield, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Health Services Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ruth V Grigg
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A H Winkler
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brianna S Fjeldsoe
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mia A Schaumberg
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Sunshine Coast, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Sunshine Coast, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Swinburne University, School of Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Eakin
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Health Research, Springfield, Australia
| | - Marjory Moodie
- Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- University of Western Australia, School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Neale Cohen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Len Gray
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Health Services Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tracy Comans
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Health Services Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew P Buman
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Tempe, USA
| | - Ana D Goode
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lan Gao
- Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Hadgraft N, Winkler E, Goode AD, Gunning L, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Sugiyama T, Healy GN. How supportive are workplace environments for sitting less and moving more? A descriptive study of Australian workplaces participating in the BeUpstanding program. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101616. [PMID: 34976672 PMCID: PMC8684026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Workplaces varied in the number of activity-supportive characteristics present. Spatial characteristics were more common than resource or policy characteristics. Characteristics absent in most workplaces were likely to be modifiable or low cost (“easy wins”). Almost all workplaces had some room for improvement in terms of activity-supportive factors.
Desk-based workers are highly sedentary; this has been identified as an emerging work health and safety issue. To reduce workplace sitting time and promote physical activity it is important to understand what factors are already present within workplaces to inform future interventions. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of supportive environmental factors, prior to workplaces taking part in a ‘sit less, move more’ initiative (BeUpstanding). Participants were 291 Australian-based workplace champions (representing 230 organisations) who unlocked the BeUpstanding program’s online toolkit between September 2017 and mid-November 2020, and who completed surveys relating to champion characteristics, organisation and workplace characteristics, and the availability of environmental factors to support sitting less and moving more. Factors were characterized using descriptive statistics and compared across key sectors and factor categories (spatial; resources/initiatives; policy/cultural) using mixed logistic regression models. Of the 42 factors measured, only 11 were present in > 50% of workplaces. Spatial design factors were more likely to be present than resources/initiatives or policy/cultural factors. Centralised printers were the most commonly reported attribute (94%), while prompts to encourage stair use were the least common (4%). Most workplace factors with < 50% prevalence were modifiable and/or were considered modifiable with low cost. Organisations that were public sector, not small/medium, not regional/remote, and not blue-collar had higher odds of having supportive factors than their counterparts; however, workplaces varied considerably in the number of factors present. These findings can assist with developing and targeting initiatives and promoting feasible strategies for desk-based workers to sit less and move more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Winkler
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana D Goode
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Munir F, Yarker J, Duckworth J, Chen YL, Brinkley A, Varela-Mato V, Lewis R, Clemes S. Evaluation of a natural workspace intervention with active design features on movement, interaction and health. Work 2021; 70:1229-1241. [PMID: 34842209 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing focus on designing workspaces that promote less sitting, more movement and interaction to improve physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates a natural intervention of a new workplace with active design features and its relocation to a greener and open space. METHODS An ecological model was used to understand how organisations implement change. Pre and post survey data from 221 matched cases of workers and accelerometery data (n = 50) were analysed. RESULTS Results show a decrease in occupational sitting (-20.65 mins/workday, p = 0.001) and an increase in workplace walking (+5.61 mins/workday, p = 0.001) using survey data, and accelerometery data (occupational sitting time: -31.0 mins/workday, p = 0.035, standing time: +22.0 mins/workday, p = 0.022, stepping time: +11.0 mins/workday, p = 0.001). Improvements in interaction, musculoskeletal pain and mental health were reported. CONCLUSIONS Application of the ecological model shows that the organisation understands how to target the built environment and social/cultural environment but not how to target behaviour change at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | - Joanna Yarker
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Duckworth
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Andrew Brinkley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rachel Lewis
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Stacy Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
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Freak-Poli R, Brand M, Boelsen-Robinson T, Huse O, de Courten M, Peeters A. Development and piloting of a Checklist for healthy eating And Physical Activity in the Workplace (CEPAW). Health Promot Int 2021; 36:8-19. [PMID: 32268355 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop and pilot a tool that assesses the infrastructure and policy workplace environment characteristics that may influence employee healthy eating and physical activity behaviours. A checklist was developed with reference to prior tools and piloted at eight worksites. Piloting of the tool demonstrated that it was generally feasible to use, took 1-2 hours to complete and appeared sensitive to differences between workplace environment characteristics. Refinement of the tool occurred after piloting. The final 21-item checklist contains sub-scores capturing policy, infrastructure, healthy eating and physical activity characteristics. This new checklist overcomes some limitations of pre-existing tools as it explicitly considers policy and is short, inexpensive and can be used by workplaces for self-assessment and by health promotion professionals in evaluation studies or as an intervention tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Freak-Poli
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret Brand
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004
| | - Tara Boelsen-Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne. VIC 3004.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20000, Vicoria 3220
| | - Oliver Huse
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20000, Vicoria 3220
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021
| | - Anna Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne VIC 3004.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne. VIC 3004.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20000, Vicoria 3220
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10
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Reliability of an Assessment Tool and Outcomes of a Comprehensive Worksite Wellness Intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:724-727. [PMID: 32890211 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of a comprehensive worksite-level assessment and identify which worksite wellness best practices were implemented following a workshop. METHODS Kansas worksites attended a WorkWell Kansas Phase I workshop from 2012 through 2014 and completed a 155-item assessment before the workshop and 1 year later. Cronbach alpha measured the internal consistency of the WorkWell KS Phase I Assessment, and McNemar test assessed differences in proportions from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS Two hundred eighty five worksites completed a baseline assessment, of which, 109 completed the follow-up assessment (32%). The internal consistency of the instrument was 0.96, and worksites reported significant improvements at follow-up from baseline for nine variables. CONCLUSIONS Improvements predominantly included creating a wellness committee, assessing needs, and developing goals. There was a lack of policy and systems level improvements at the worksite.
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11
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Fetherman DL, McGrane TG, Cebrick-Grossman J. Health Promotion for Small Workplaces: A Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership. Workplace Health Saf 2020; 69:7-14. [PMID: 32812843 DOI: 10.1177/2165079920938298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of U.S. worksites are smaller worksites that often employ low-wage workers. Low-wage workers have limited access to, and participation in, workplace health promotion programs. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been identified as a key method to directly engage employers in identifying the health promotion needs of smaller workplaces. This article describes a four-phased process where CBPR was used to tailor a workplace health promotion program to meet the needs of a smaller workplace that employees low-wage workers. Outcomes of this program were measured and reported over time. METHODS The CBPR approach was based on the Social Ecological Model along with two additional health promotion models. Publicly available evidence-based tools were also used for this four-phased process which included the following: (a) initial program assessment, (b) program planning, (c) program implementation, and (d) program evaluation. Key strategies for developing a comprehensive workplace health promotion program guided the process. FINDINGS The workplace's capacity for promoting health among its employees was improved. There were sustainable improvements in the health interventions and organizational supports in place. CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE A CBPR approach may be a way to build the capacity of smaller workplaces with low-wage employees to address the health promotion needs of their workforces. The use of publicly available strategies and tools which incorporate the social ecological determinants of health is of equal importance.
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12
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Vaughn AE, Willis EA, Ward DS, Smith F, Grummon A, Linnan LA. Workplace-based opportunities to support child care workers' health and safety. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101154. [PMID: 32714774 PMCID: PMC7369321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Child care workers earn among the lowest wages in the United States and they struggle with many health issues. The purpose of this study was to describe workplace supports for nutrition, physical activity, other health behaviors (e.g., smoking cessation, stress management), and occupational health and safety available to child care workers, and thereby inform the development of future workplace-based interventions to improve worker well-being. Between 2015 and 2016, 74 North Carolina child care centers (and directors), participating in a larger randomized controlled trial, completed a Workplace Health and Safety Assessment (interview and observation) measuring four domains: Infrastructure, Organizational Policies and Procedures, Programs and Promotions, and Internal Physical Environment. This study used baseline data to report means and standard deviations. Participating child care centers employed, on average, 12.7 ± 8.4 employees. Total scores from the Workplace Health and Safety Assessment averaged 41.3 ± 12.6 out of a possible 154, demonstrating many missed opportunities for supporting health/safety. More specifically, centers scored on average 9.5 ± 3.9 on Infrastructure (35% of potential points), 11.1 ± 3.9 on Organizational Policies and Procedures (32% of potential), 7.6 ± 5.4 on Programs and Promotions (12% of potential), and 13.1 ± 2.2 on Internal Physical Environment (49% of potential). The most frequent supports available were for occupational health and safety issues, while fewer supports were available for physical activity and other health behaviors. Child care workers could benefit greatly from more comprehensive workplace health and safety interventions; however, strategies must overcome centers' limited capacity and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA
| | - Erik A Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2202 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Falon Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA
| | - Anna Grummon
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd., CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA.,Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 307 Rosenau Hall, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA
| | - Laura A Linnan
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 307 Rosenau Hall, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA
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13
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Healy GN, Goode AD, Abbott A, Burzic J, Clark BK, Dunstan DW, Eakin EG, Frith M, Gilson ND, Gao L, Gunning L, Jetann J, LaMontagne AD, Lawler SP, Moodie M, Nguyen P, Owen N, Straker L, Timmins P, Ulyate L, Winkler EAH. Supporting Workers to Sit Less and Move More Through the Web-Based BeUpstanding Program: Protocol for a Single-Arm, Repeated Measures Implementation Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15756. [PMID: 32364513 PMCID: PMC7235812 DOI: 10.2196/15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The web-based BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative-the champion-to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team's needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. METHODS The trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with champions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the champion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. RESULTS The study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. CONCLUSIONS The implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Nissa Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ana D Goode
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison Abbott
- Workplace Health and Safety Queensland, Office of Industrial Relations, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Burzic
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bronwyn K Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Eakin
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Lan Gao
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Jodie Jetann
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sheleigh P Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marjory Moodie
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa Ulyate
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Downs SM, Ahmed S, Fanzo J, Herforth A. Food Environment Typology: Advancing an Expanded Definition, Framework, and Methodological Approach for Improved Characterization of Wild, Cultivated, and Built Food Environments toward Sustainable Diets. Foods 2020; 9:E532. [PMID: 32331424 PMCID: PMC7230632 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The food environment is a critical place in the food system to implement interventions to support sustainable diets and address the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change, because it contains the total scope of options within which consumers make decisions about which foods to acquire and consume. In this paper, we build on existing definitions of the food environment, and provide an expanded definition that includes the parameter of sustainability properties of foods and beverages, in order to integrate linkages between food environments and sustainable diets. We further provide a graphical representation of the food environment using a socio-ecological framework. Next, we provide a typology with descriptions of the different types of food environments that consumers have access to in low-, middle-, and high-income countries including wild, cultivated, and built food environments. We characterize the availability, affordability, convenience, promotion and quality (previously termed desirability), and sustainability properties of food and beverages for each food environment type. Lastly, we identify a methodological approach with potential objective and subjective tools and metrics for measuring the different properties of various types of food environments. The definition, framework, typology, and methodological toolbox presented here are intended to facilitate scholars and practitioners to identify entry points in the food environment for implementing and evaluating interventions that support sustainable diets for enhancing human and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M. Downs
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Selena Ahmed
- Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC 21205, USA;
| | - Anna Herforth
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard, University Boston, MA 02125, USA;
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15
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Relationship between different levels of the Mexican food environment and dietary intake: a qualitative systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1877-1888. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate the possible associations between the food environment and dietary intake in the Mexican population.Design:Four databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCIelo) were used to retrieve relevant articles using an open timeframe. Articles were reviewed if they contained a systematic measure (i.e. food checklist) of the food environment (e.g. food availability) and dietary intake.Setting:Urban and rural communities in Mexico.Participants:Population-based studies of Mexican communities.Results:Twenty studies that assessed at least one food environment level, and at least one dietary outcome, were reviewed. Findings from these studies showed that changes in the Mexican food environment seem to be associated with higher availability of energy-dense foods. Energy-dense foods can be linked to a high consumption in household, environment and community food environments. When both nutrient-dense and energy-dense foods were present, individuals were more likely to consume foods with added sugars, fats and salt options than nutrient-dense items.Conclusions:The various levels of the food environment (i.e. household, school, community) exposed participants to energy-dense foods. Although nutrient-dense foods were present in all three levels, individuals were more likely to consume energy-dense food items. Not all three levels of the food environment are well represented in the urban and rural settings. Most studies on the community food environment were done in rural areas, whereas most studies on the school food environment were done in urban settings. Additional rigorously designed studies are needed to document the relationship between the food environment and dietary intake in the Mexican population.
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van Kasteren YF, Lewis LK, Maeder A. Office-based physical activity: mapping a social ecological model approach against COM-B. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:163. [PMID: 32013952 PMCID: PMC6998192 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are growing concerns over the health impacts of occupational sedentary behaviour on office-based workers and increasing workplace recognition of the need to increase physical activity at work. Social ecological models provide a holistic framework for increasing opportunities for physical activity at work. In this paper we propose a social ecological model of office-based physical activity and map it against the Capability Motivation Opportunity (COM-B) framework to highlight the mechanisms of behaviour change that can increase levels of physical activity of office-based workers. DISCUSSION The paper proposes a social ecological model of physical activity associated with office-based settings. The model considers opportunities for both incidental and discretionary activities, as well as macro and micro factors on both socio-cultural and physical dimensions. The COM-B framework for characterising behaviour change interventions is used to highlight the underlying mechanisms of behaviour change inherent in the model. The broad framework provided by social ecological models is important for understanding physical activity in office-based settings because of the non-discretionary nature of sedentary behaviour of office-based work. It is important for interventions not to rely on individual motivation for behaviour change alone but to incorporate changes to the broader social ecological and physical context to build capability and create opportunities for more sustainable change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin F van Kasteren
- Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Anthony Maeder
- Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
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17
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Vlot-van Anrooij K, Hilgenkamp TI, Leusink GL, van der Cruijsen A, Jansen H, Naaldenberg J, van der Velden K. Improving Environmental Capacities for Health Promotion in Support Settings for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Inclusive Design of the DIHASID Tool. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E794. [PMID: 32012833 PMCID: PMC7037294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have unhealthier lifestyles than the general population. To sustainably improve their lifestyle and health status, a whole-system approach to creating healthy environments is crucial. To gain insight into how support for physical activity and healthy nutrition can be embedded in a setting, asset mapping can be helpful. Asset mapping involves creating a bottom-up overview of promoting and protective factors for health. However, there is no asset mapping tool available for ID support settings. This study aims to develop an asset mapping tool in collaboration with people with ID to gain insight into assets for healthy nutrition and physical activity in such settings. The tool is based on previous research and development continued in an iterative and inclusive process in order to create a clear, comprehensive, and usable tool. Expert interviews (n = 7), interviews with end-users (n = 7), and pilot testing (n = 16) were conducted to refine the tool. Pilot participants perceived the tool as helpful in pinpointing perceived assets and in prompting ideas on how to create inclusive environments with support for physical activity and healthy nutrition. This overview of assets can be helpful for mobilizing assets and building the health-promoting capacities of ID support settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Vlot-van Anrooij
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (G.L.L.); (A.v.d.C.); (H.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-3029, USA;
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geraline L. Leusink
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (G.L.L.); (A.v.d.C.); (H.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Anneke van der Cruijsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (G.L.L.); (A.v.d.C.); (H.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Henk Jansen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (G.L.L.); (A.v.d.C.); (H.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Jenneken Naaldenberg
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Intellectual Disabilities and Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (G.L.L.); (A.v.d.C.); (H.J.); (J.N.)
| | - Koos van der Velden
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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18
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Wang NX, Chen J, Wagner NL, Rebello SA, Petrunoff NA, Owen N, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Understanding and Influencing Occupational Sedentary Behavior: A Mixed-Methods Approach in a Multiethnic Asian Population. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 47:419-429. [PMID: 31661980 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119885431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to assess sedentary behavior (SB) and its determinants, as well as potential strategies to reduce SB among employees in a tertiary hospital in Singapore, using a mixed-methods approach grounded in the socioecological framework. All employees with email and security guards of a tertiary hospital in Singapore were invited to complete a questionnaire that captured sociodemographics and self-reported domain-specific SB. Environmental influences of occupational SB were assessed using an adapted version of the Checklist for Health Promotion Environments at the Worksite (CHEW). Focus group discussion (FGD) addressed perceptions, barriers, and strategies toward reducing workplace SB. Analyses were performed separately and integrated using an inductive comparative approach. The median occupational sitting time (n = 938) was 300 minutes/day, and highest among administrative staff (administrative, 421 minutes/day; allied health, 300 minutes/day; ancillary, 300 minutes/day; nursing, 120 minutes/day; medical/dental/others, 240 minutes/day; p value: <.001). The CHEW assessment identified poor physical and information environment contributing to occupational SB. FGDs confirmed an unsupportive environment and elicited barriers such as low SB awareness, nature of work, and workplace norms. Besides environmental approaches, participants suggested having face-to-face communication and social modelling to promote more breaks from sitting. This mixed-methods study among diverse professional groups of a tertiary hospital indicated a large amount of occupational SB, particularly among administrative staff. Raising awareness of the health risks of SB and building a supportive organizational culture, information, and physical environment emerged as significant factors. To reduce occupational SB, multicomponent interventions addressing these diverse factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neville Owen
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Martínez-García A, Trescastro-López EM, Galiana-Sánchez ME, Pereyra-Zamora P. Data Collection Instruments for Obesogenic Environments in Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1414. [PMID: 31010209 PMCID: PMC6518267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rise in obesity prevalence has increased research interest in the obesogenic environment and its influence on excess weight. The aim of the present study was to review and map data collection instruments for obesogenic environments in adults in order to provide an overview of the existing evidence and enable comparisons. Through the scoping review method, different databases and webpages were searched between January 1997 and May 2018. Instruments were included if they targeted adults. The documents were categorised as food environment or built environment. In terms of results, 92 instruments were found: 46 instruments measuring the food environment, 42 measuring the built environment, and 4 that characterised both environments. Numerous diverse instruments have been developed to characterise the obesogenic environment, and some of them have been developed based on existing ones; however, most of them have not been validated and there is very little similarity between them, hindering comparison of the results obtained. In addition, most of them were developed and used in the United States and were written in English. In conclusion, there is a need for a robust instrument, improving or combining existing ones, for use within and across countries, and more sophisticated study designs where the environment is contemplated in an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-García
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Eva María Trescastro-López
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Galiana-Sánchez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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20
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Dreyer BC, Coulombe S, Whitney S, Riemer M, Labbé D. Beyond Exposure to Outdoor Nature: Exploration of the Benefits of a Green Building's Indoor Environment on Wellbeing. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1583. [PMID: 30214420 PMCID: PMC6125719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research exploring the psychological benefits of the natural environment has focused on direct exposure to the outdoors. However, people spend most of their time indoors, particularly in office buildings. Poor employee mental health has become one the most prevalent and costly occupational health issues. The integration of high quality environmental features (e.g., access to sunlight) in green-certified office buildings offers a superior work environment. These nature-based experiences are anticipated to provide beneficial outcomes to wellbeing. This study is the first to empirically investigate these benefits. Participants in a green (LEED gold certified) office building (N = 213) in Canada completed an assessment of environmental features, measures of hedonic, eudaimonic and negative wellbeing (NWB) and assessments of psycho-environmental potential, environmental behaviors and social belonging. Linear regression analyses confirmed the benefits of indoor environmental features for all aspects of wellbeing. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of specific indoor environmental features on wellbeing. We explored physical features (e.g., air quality, light), and social features (e.g., privacy), as well as windows to the outside. Results suggest that physical features are important in promoting hedonic wellbeing, while social features prevent NWB. Both features equally predicted eudaimonic wellbeing (EWB). A view to the outside was positively correlated to wellbeing, although it did not uniquely predict it after accounting for other environmental features. Path analyses revealed the importance of person-environment fit, pro-environmental behavior and social belonging in mediating the association of indoor environmental features with hedonic and EWB. The results suggests that, by fostering person-environment fit, pro-environmental behaviors and feeling of community in a high quality setting, green buildings may lead to benefits on an array of wellbeing dimensions. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. Dreyer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Coulombe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Whitney
- Faculty of Environment, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Riemer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Delphine Labbé
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Testing the Impact of the Worksite Heart Health Improvement Project on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Over Time. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:717-723. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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The worksite heart health improvement project's impact on behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease in long-term care: A randomized control trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 86:107-114. [PMID: 30005312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care workers are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, in part because of their poor health habits. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to test the impact of the Worksite Heart Health Improvement Project (WHHIP) on subjective behavioral cardiovascular risk factors over time among long-term care staff. DESIGN The WHHIP was a 12-month cluster randomized control trial conducted in four long-term care facilities. The exercise, nutrition, and stress management intervention lasted 9-months and was implemented during paid work time. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Ninety-eight long-term care workers consented to participate in the study. METHODS Survey data included: mood, dietary salt intake, dietary fat intake, sleep quality, and sleep duration. RESULTS A significant positive short-term intervention effect at 9-month (p = .037) and long-term effect at 12-month for mood (p = .039) was found, signifying reduction in mood symptoms in the treatment group over time. The intervention group also showed longer sleep time (p = .016) and better sleep quality (p = .046) at 12-months. The intervention group had less dietary sodium intake at 9-months (p = .036); yet, this was not maintained over time. CONCLUSION The WHHIP demonstrated the ability to improve participants' mood, sleep and sodium intake over time. Lessons learned particularly the challenges faced implementing the WHHIP and the solutions recommended provide critical insights to strengthen future programs with this population.
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Motalebi G M, Keshavarz Mohammadi N, Kuhn K, Ramezankhani A, Azari MR. How far are we from full implementation of health promoting workplace concepts? A review of implementation tools and frameworks in workplace interventions. Health Promot Int 2018; 33:488-504. [PMID: 28065884 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health promoting workplace frameworks provide a holistic view on determinants of workplace health and the link between individuals, work and environment, however, the operationalization of these frameworks has not been very clear. This study provides a typology of the different understandings, frameworks/tools used in the workplace health promotion practice or research worldwide. It discusses the degree of their conformity with Ottawa Charter's spirit and the key actions expected to be implemented in health promoting settings such as workplaces. Method A comprehensive online search was conducted utilizing relevant key words. The search also included official websites of related international, regional, and national organizations. After exclusion, 27 texts were analysed utilizing conventional content analyses. Results The results of the analysis were categorized as dimensions (level or main structure) of a healthy or health promoting workplaces and subcategorized characteristics/criteria of healthy/health promoting workplace. Discussion and conclusion Our analysis shows diversity and ambiguity in the workplace health literature regarding domains and characteristics of a healthy/health promoting workplace. This may have roots in lack of a common understanding of the concepts or different social and work environment context. Development of global or national health promoting workplace standards in a participatory process might be considered as a potential solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Motalebi G
- Ph.D student Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi
- Associate Professor of Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karl Kuhn
- Retired Chief Scientist and Senior Policy Adviser in the Federal Institute for Safety and Occupational Health in Germany, Adjunct Prof at Griffith University in Brisbane, Chairman of the ENWHP (European Network for Workplace Health Promotion)
| | - Ali Ramezankhani
- Professor of Health Education, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour R Azari
- Professor of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kaczynski AT, Jake-Schoffman DE, Peters NA, Dunn CG, Wilcox S, Forthofer M. Development and Testing of the Church Environment Audit Tool. Am J Health Behav 2018; 42:17-26. [PMID: 29663977 PMCID: PMC6202683 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.42.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper, we describe development and reliability testing of a novel tool to evaluate the physical environment of faith-based settings pertaining to opportunities for physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE). METHODS Tool development was a multistage process including a review of similar tools, stakeholder review, expert feedback, and pilot testing. Final tool sections included indoor opportunities for PA, outdoor opportunities for PA, food preparation equipment, kitchen type, food for purchase, beverages for purchase, and media. Two independent audits were completed at 54 churches. Interrater reliability (IRR) was determined with Kappa and percent agreement. RESULTS Of 218 items, 102 were assessed for IRR and 116 could not be assessed because they were not present at enough churches. Percent agreement for all 102 items was over 80%. For 42 items, the sample was too homogeneous to assess Kappa. Forty-six of the remaining items had Kappas greater than 0.60 (25 items 0.80-1.00; 21 items 0.60-0.79), indicating substantial to almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSIONS The tool proved reliable and efficient for assessing church environments and identifying potential intervention points. Future work can focus on applications within faith-based partnerships to understand how church environments influence diverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kaczynski
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Danielle E Jake-Schoffman
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nathan A Peters
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Caroline G Dunn
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melinda Forthofer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Dodson EA, Hipp JA, Lee JA, Yang L, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Does Availability of Worksite Supports for Physical Activity Differ by Industry and Occupation? Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:517-526. [PMID: 27810951 PMCID: PMC5415420 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116668795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore combinations of worksite supports (WSS) for physical activity (PA) that may assist employees in meeting PA recommendations and to investigate how availability of WSS differs across industries and occupations. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Several Missouri metropolitan areas. PARTICIPANTS Adults employed >20 h/wk outside the home. MEASURES Survey utilized existing self-reported measures (eg, presence of WSS for PA) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. ANALYSIS Logistic regression was conducted for 2 outcome variables: leisure and transportation PA. Independent variables included 16 WSS. Of particular interest were interaction effects between WSS variables. Analyses were stratified by 5 occupation and 7 industry types. RESULTS Overall, 2013 people completed the survey (46% response rate). Often, availability of 1 WSS did not increase the likelihood of meeting PA recommendations, but several pairs of WSS did. For example, in business occupations, the odds of meeting PA recommendations through transportation PA increased when employees had access to showers and incentives to bike/walk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-2.22); showers and maps (OR = 1.25; 1.02-1.55); maps and incentives to bike/walk (OR = 1.48; 1.04-2.12). CONCLUSION Various combinations of WSS may increase the likelihood that employees will meet PA recommendations. Many are of low or no cost, including flexible time for exercise and maps of worksite-adjacent walk/bike routes. Findings may be instructive for employers seeking to improve employee health through worksite PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dodson
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- 2 Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- 3 Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- 4 Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; formerly at Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine M Marx
- 5 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
- 6 Department of Surgery, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Hoelscher DM, Ranjit N, Pérez A. Surveillance Systems to Track and Evaluate Obesity Prevention Efforts. Annu Rev Public Health 2017; 38:187-214. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To address the obesity epidemic, the public health community must develop surveillance systems that capture data at levels through which obesity prevention efforts are conducted. Current systems assess body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity behaviors at the individual level, but environmental and policy-related data are often lacking. The goal of this review is to describe US surveillance systems that evaluate obesity prevention efforts within the context of international trends in obesity monitoring, to identify potential data gaps, and to present recommendations to improve the evaluation of population-level initiatives. Our recommendations include adding environmental and policy measures to surveillance efforts with a focus on addressing underserved populations, harmonizing existing surveillance systems, including more sensitive measures of obesity outcomes, and developing a knowledgeable workforce. In addition, the widespread use of electronic health records and new technologies that allow self-quantification of behaviors offers opportunities for innovative surveillance methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, Texas 78701;, ,
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, Texas 78701;, ,
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, Texas 78701;, ,
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Creagh R, McGann S, Tye M, Jancey J, Babb C. Green Star is not a physical activity star. FACILITIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/f-12-2015-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on research investigating the relationship between physical activity and workplace design. In particular, the paper explores the social–ecological context of a new workplace building. This paper seeks to understand why better physical activity outcomes for the staff were not observed in the new building despite influence from a staff wellness committee during design; achieving success against existing best-practice indicators; and staff reporting increased feelings of wellness, energy and satisfaction with the new building.
Design/methodology/approach
Three design aspects are taken as a focus from within an opportunistic pre-/post-physical activity study of an organisation as they move from a building they occupied for 30 years into a new purpose-designed building. This study was conducted through mixed methods, incorporating ethnographic, architectural and quantitative means.
Findings
The social, spatial and personal context is important for understanding participant workplace-based physical activity. Despite the health and well-being goals and 5 Star Green Star outcomes of the new building, participants were sedentary for a substantive part of their workday in both buildings.
Practical implications
A well-designed environment can support staff feeling healthier, but the 5 Star Green Star rating does not implicitly ensure a healthier, activity-promoting environment. Facilities managers and designers can act to provide physically active paths as the most straightforward circulation option in workplaces.
Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in the opportunity to conduct a pre-/post-study of physical activity where the organisation, workforce and type of work are constant and where the variable is the building design, spatial configuration and location. The methods used in this study draw from both health promotion and architectural research practices.
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Scherr RE, Laugero KD, Graham DJ, Cunningham BT, Jahns L, Lora KR, Reicks M, Mobley AR. Innovative Techniques for Evaluating Behavioral Nutrition Interventions. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:113-125. [PMID: 28096132 PMCID: PMC5227983 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing outcomes and the impact from behavioral nutrition interventions has remained challenging because of the lack of methods available beyond traditional nutrition assessment tools and techniques. With the current high global obesity and related chronic disease rates, novel methods to evaluate the impact of behavioral nutrition-based interventions are much needed. The objective of this narrative review is to describe and review the current status of knowledge as it relates to 4 different innovative methods or tools to assess behavioral nutrition interventions. Methods reviewed include 1) the assessment of stress and stress responsiveness to enhance the evaluation of nutrition interventions, 2) eye-tracking technology in nutritional interventions, 3) smartphone biosensors to assess nutrition and health-related outcomes, and 4) skin carotenoid measurements to assess fruit and vegetable intake. Specifically, the novel use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, by characterizing the brain's responsiveness to an intervention, can help researchers develop programs with greater efficacy. Similarly, if eye-tracking technology can enable researchers to get a better sense as to how participants view materials, the materials may be better tailored to create an optimal impact. The latter 2 techniques reviewed, smartphone biosensors and methods to detect skin carotenoids, can provide the research community with portable, effective, nonbiased ways to assess dietary intake and quality and more in the field. The information gained from using these types of methodologies can improve the efficacy and assessment of behavior-based nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- Department of Nutrition
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis CA
| | - Dan J Graham
- Department of Psychology and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; Department of
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Electrical and Computer Engineering and
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Karina R Lora
- Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, MN; and
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Doran K, Resnick B, Kim N, Lynn D, McCormick T. Applying the Social Ecological Model and Theory of Self-Efficacy in the Worksite Heart Health Improvement Project-PLUS. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2017; 31:8-27. [DOI: 10.1891/1541-6577.31.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Long-term care (LTC) employees are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Despite the documented benefits of worksite health promotion (WHP) programs for employees and employers and the potential benefits to residents in LTC facilities, LTC employees are rarely offered WHP programs. Purpose: The purpose of the intervention described in this article is to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors among LTC workers using a physical activity, nutrition, and stress management WHP implemented during paid work time with 98 LTC staff members. Methods: This article describes a 9-month physical activity, nutrition, and stress management WHP intervention delivered during paid work time to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk of employees working in LTC. The intervention is rooted in the social ecological model and social cognitive theory. The intervention is based on formative research and evidence-based practice recommendations and is specifically designed to reduce barriers to intervention participation (e.g., inconsistent break times and unpredictable resident care needs) and enhance motivators to program participation (e.g., enhanced social support). Results: The intervention is ongoing, but measures are described. Conclusion: As more employers offer WHP programs, it is important that programs are tailored to meet specific employee groups and work environments. This article operationalizes a WHP research protocol with LTC employees that can be applied to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in LTC employees or similar employee groups in similar work environments.
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The Moderating Effect of Health-Improving Workplace Environment on Promoting Physical Activity in White-Collar Employees: A Multi-Site Longitudinal Study Using Multi-Level Structural Equation Modeling. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:178-84. [PMID: 26849262 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of health-improving workplace environment on relationships between physical activity, self-efficacy, and psychological distress. METHODS Data were collected from 16 worksites and 129 employees at two time-points. Health-improving workplace environment was measured using the Japanese version of the Environmental Assessment Tool. Physical activity, self-efficacy, and psychological distress were also measured. Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to investigate the moderating effect of health-improving workplace environment on relationships between psychological distress, self-efficacy, and physical activity. RESULTS Psychological distress was negatively associated with physical activity via low self-efficacy. Physical activity was negatively related to psychological distress. Physical activity/fitness facilities in the work environment exaggerated the positive relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity/fitness facilities in the workplace may promote employees' physical activity.
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Onufrak SJ, Watson KB, Kimmons J, Pan L, Khan LK, Lee-Kwan SH, Park S. Worksite Food and Physical Activity Environments and Wellness Supports Reported by Employed Adults in the United States, 2013. Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:96-105. [PMID: 27597795 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116664709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the workplace food and physical activity (PA) environments and wellness culture reported by employed United States adults, overall and by employer size. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using web-based survey on wellness policies and environmental supports for healthy eating and PA. SETTING Worksites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2101 adults employed outside the home. MEASURES Survey items were based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Worksite Health ScoreCard and Checklist of Health Promotion Environments and included the availability and promotion of healthy food items, nutrition education, promotion of breast-feeding, availability of PA amenities and programs, facility discounts, time for PA, stairwell signage, health promotion programs, and health risk assessments. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of worksite environmental and facility supports by employer size (<100 or ≥100 employees). Chi-square tests were used to examine the differences by employer size. RESULTS Among employed respondents with workplace food or drink vending machines, approximately 35% indicated the availability of healthy items. Regarding PA, 30.9% of respondents reported that their employer provided opportunities to be physically active and 17.6% reported worksite exercise facilities. Wellness programs were reported by 53.2% working for large employers, compared to 18.1% for smaller employers. CONCLUSION Employee reports suggested that workplace supports for healthy eating, PA, and wellness were limited and were less common among smaller employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Onufrak
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Watson
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel Kimmons
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Pan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Kettel Khan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seung Hee Lee-Kwan
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sohyun Park
- 1 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cassady D, Housemann R, Dagher C. Measuring Cues for Healthy Choices on Restaurant Menus: Development and Testing of a Measurement Instrument. Am J Health Promot 2016; 18:444-9. [PMID: 15293930 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-18.6.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. To develop and test the Menu Checklist, an instrument to be used by community members to assess cues for healthy choices in restaurants. Design. Menus from 14 restaurants were coded independently by two trained community reviewers to test the interrater reliability of the instrument. Setting. A low-income, urban, African-American community in Los Angeles, California. Subjects. Restaurants were selected based on community perceptions of their potential to be included in a nutrition education and advocacy program to improve the availability of healthy foods. Measures. The Menu Checklist was adapted from previously tested measurement tools developed by the Prevention Research Center at Saint Louis University. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), κ statistics, and percent agreements were calculated to assess interrater reliability. Descriptive statistics were calculated to show the availability of cues for healthy foods. Results. The interrater reliability coefficients for the majority of items were high (.93–1.0). Labeling on restaurant menus was rare, as were low-fat choices. Fruits and vegetables were readily available: 31% of all entrees included one serving and 39% of all appetizers were primarily fruits and vegetables. Conclusions. The Menu Checklist is a reliable, low-cost means for community members to collect data on influences on food choices in restaurants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cassady
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Plotnikoff RC, Prodaniuk TR, Fein AJ, Milton L. Development of an Ecological Assessment Tool for a Workplace Physical Activity Program Standard. Health Promot Pract 2016; 6:453-63. [PMID: 16210688 DOI: 10.1177/1524839904263730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This project was undertaken to develop a Workplace Physical Activity Assessment Tool to evaluate workplace physical activity programs based on a standard of best practices indicated in the literature and by key stakeholders. The development of the Assessment Tool was structured on an ecological model for health and physical activity promotion and an occupational health and safety audit instrument. The project included a review and synthesis of pertinent literature, expert and stakeholder reviews, interrater reliability appraisals, and workplace consultations over three distinct study phases. The Assessment Tool was received positively by the expert reviewers (i.e., academics, policy makers, and practitioners) and revealed generally high interrater reliability. The Workplace Physical Activity Assessment Tool can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate physical activity programs in the workplace. Recommendations for future research are identified.
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Waters CN, Ling EP, Chu AHY, Ng SHX, Chia A, Lim YW, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Assessing and understanding sedentary behaviour in office-based working adults: a mixed-method approach. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:360. [PMID: 27117178 PMCID: PMC4847225 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviours (SB) can be characterized by low energy expenditure in a reclining position (e.g., sitting) often associated with work and transport. Prolonged SB is associated with increased risk for chronic conditions, and due to technological advances, the working population is in office settings with high occupational exposure to SB. This study aims to assess SB among office workers, as well as barriers and strategies towards reducing SB in the work setting. Methods Using a mixed-methods approach guided by the socio-ecological framework, non-academic office workers from a professional school in a large public university were recruited. Of 180 eligible office workers, 40 enrolled and completed all assessments. Self-reported and objectively measured SB and activity levels were captured. Focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted to further understand perceptions, barriers, and strategies to reducing workplace SB. Environmental factors were systematically evaluated by trained research staff using an adapted version of the Checklist for Health Promotion Environments at Worksites (CHEW). Thematic analysis of FGD was conducted and descriptive analysis of quantitative data was performed. Results The sample was mostly Chinese (n = 33, 80 %) with a total of 24 (60 %) female participants. Most participants worked five days a week for about 9.5(0.5) hrs/day. Accelerometer data show that participants spend the majority of their days in sedentary activities both on workdays (76.9 %) and non-workdays (69.5 %). Self-report data confirm these findings with median sitting time of 420(180) minutes at work. From qualitative analyses, major barriers to reducing SB emerged, including the following themes: workplace social and cultural norms, personal factors, job scope, and physical building/office infrastructure. CHEW results confirm a lack of support from the physical infrastructure and information environment to reducing SB. Conclusions There is high SB among office workers in this sample. We identified multiple levels of influence for prolonged occupational SB, with a particular emphasis on workplace norms and infrastructure as important barriers to reducing SB and increasing PA. A larger, representative sample of the Singaporean population is needed to confirm our findings but it seems that any intervention aimed at reducing SB in the workplace should target individual, environmental, and organizational levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3023-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice N Waters
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Er Pei Ling
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Anne H Y Chu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Sheryl H X Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Audrey Chia
- NUS Business School, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, Mochtar Riady Building, Singapore, 119245, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
AbstractObesity in young adults is an increasing health problem in Australia and many other countries. Evidence-based information is needed to guide interventions that reduce the obesity-promoting elements in tertiary-education environments. In a food environmental audit survey, 252 outlets were audited across seven institutions: three universities and four technical and further education institutions campuses. A scoring instrument called the food environment-quality index was developed and used to assess all food outlets on these campuses. Information was collated on the availability, accessibility and promotion of foods and beverages and a composite score (maximum score=148; higher score indicates healthier outlets) was calculated. Each outlet and the overall campus were ranked into tertiles based on their ‘healthiness’. Differences in median scores for each outcome measure were compared between institutions and outlet types using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe’s testing, χ2 tests, Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Binomial logistic regressions were used to compare the proportion of healthy v. unhealthy food categories across different types of outlets. Overall, the most frequently available items were sugar-sweetened beverages (20 % of all food/drink items) followed by chocolates (12 %), high-energy (>600 kJ/serve) foods (10 %), chips (10 %) and confectionery (10 %). Healthy food and beverages were observed to be less available, accessible and promoted than unhealthy options. The median score across all outlets was 72 (interquartile range=7). Tertiary-education food environments are dominated by high-energy, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. Interventions to decrease availability, accessibility and promotion of unhealthy foods are needed.
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The impact of home, work, and church environments on fat intake over time among rural residents: a longitudinal observational study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 26825701 PMCID: PMC4731896 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary behaviors are influenced by many individual and environmental factors. This study explores how dietary fat intake in high-risk midlife adults living in the rural south is influenced by three behavior settings, i.e. in the home, at work, and at church. Methods Self-report data were collected from rural African American or Caucasian adults age 40–70 at three time points at baseline, 6, and 12 months post baseline. Multilevel analyses investigated the impact of determinants of fat intake over time. Results Home and work environments varied significantly over time in regard to healthy eating while church environments remained stable. Age, gender, and self-efficacy for healthy eating were individual factors associated with fat intake. In the home, presence of more high fat items, a time-varying variable, was significant. In the work environment, having access to healthy foods as well as healthy eating programs has positive impact as did hearing healthy eating messages and availability of healthy foods at church. Conclusions Understanding stability and variability of dietary fat intake from a social ecologic perspective will aid in identifying targets of change for intervention. Understanding which components of key behavior settings are dynamic and which are relatively stable will help to disentangle the complexity of multi-level determinants of dietary behavior.
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Baxter S. Establishing a Health Economic Evaluation for Collective Well-Being in Workplace Health Promotion. Am J Health Promot 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/089011711603000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Galaviz KI, Lee RE, Bergeron K, Lévesque L. Assessing the physical activity environment in Mexican healthcare settings. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2015; 57:403-11. [PMID: 26545001 DOI: 10.21149/spm.v57i5.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the informational, educational and instrumental environments among Mexican healthcare settings for their potential to promote physical activity (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Environmental Physical Activity Assessment Tool for Healthcare Settings (EPATHS) was developed to assess the PA environments of 40 clinics/hospitals representing the three Mexican healthcare systems in Guadalajara. The EPATHS assessed the presence and quality of PA enhancing features in the informational (e.g. signage), educational (e.g. pamphlets), and instrumental (e.g. stairs) environments of included clinics/hospitals. RESULTS 28 (70%) clinics/hospitals had more than one floor with stairs; 60% of these had elevators. Nearly 90% of stairs were visible, accessible and clean compared to fewer than 30% of elevators. Outdoor spaces were observed in just over half (55%) of clinics/hospitals, and most (70%) were of good quality. Only 25% clinics/hospitals had educational PA materials. CONCLUSIONS The PA instrumental environment of Mexican healthcare settings is encouraging. The informational and educational environments could improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla I Galaviz
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Kim Bergeron
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canadá
| | - Lucie Lévesque
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canadá
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McMahon S. Call for research on bystander intervention to prevent sexual violence: the role of campus environments. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:472-489. [PMID: 25896230 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-015-9724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An important next step for the field is to determine what setting-level factors beyond the individual are critical to fostering campus environments that support pro-social, helpful bystander intervention action to prevent sexual violence. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a research agenda to investigate key areas of the campus environment and their potential influence on bystander intervention. To create the research agenda, a number of steps were followed including: (1) systematically reviewing the larger bystander literature to identify key environmental areas, (2) assessing what research is available specific to college campuses and sexual assault in each of these areas, and (3) outlining future research to address each of these areas on college campuses and determine their applicability to sexual violence situations. Five main groups of factors were found to influence bystander intervention beyond the individual, group and situational levels, including: social norms, sense of community, pro-social modeling, policies, and the physical environment. Certain areas of research on environmental influences on bystander intervention are more developed such as social norms, with little research on areas such as policies and the physical environment. However, further research is needed in each of the identified five areas to help identify how college campuses can support bystander intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McMahon
- Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,
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Mokwena K, Phetlhe K. Assessment of health promotion content in undergraduate physiotherapy curricula. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2015; 71:242. [PMID: 30135875 PMCID: PMC6093097 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v71i1.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The integration of health promotion in the treatment of patients should be included in all academic curricula in primary training of health professionals. However, the extent to which health promotion is included in the various curricula at undergraduate level is not known. Objective To assess the extent to which health promotion content is integrated in undergraduate physiotherapy training programmes in South Africa. Method This was a qualitative and descriptive study, using in-depth interviews with representatives of physiotherapy academic departments. Results All universities have some content of health promotion, with the weighting varying between 12% and 40%. Health promotion is taught at various levels of study, and health promotion training blocks are in both urban and rural settings and include communities, schools and old-age homes. The theories of advocacy, enabling and mediation are covered, but there is limited practical training on these elements. There are limited human resources trained in health promotion, as well as a lack of clear processes of developing and reviewing teaching and training materials. Conclusion There is lack of consensus on the weighting of health promotion, the level at which it is taught and how it is evaluated across universities. Challenges to integrate health promotion in physiotherapy curricula include lack of frequent curricula reviews, inadequate training of lecturers and lack of conducive practical sites. The physiotherapy profession needs to reach a consensus on minimum standards for integration of health promotion in undergraduate training, and the physiotherapy professional board has the potential to provide the required leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebogile Mokwena
- Department of Social and Behavioural Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University), South Africa
| | - Koketso Phetlhe
- Department of Social and Behavioural Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University), South Africa
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Hipp JA, Reeds DN, van Bakergem MA, Marx CM, Brownson RC, Pamulapati SC, Hoehner CM. Review of measures of worksite environmental and policy supports for physical activity and healthy eating. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E65. [PMID: 25950572 PMCID: PMC4436045 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity prevention strategies are needed that target multiple settings, including the worksite. The objective of this study was to assess the state of science concerning available measures of worksite environmental and policy supports for physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE). Methods We searched multiple databases for instruments used to assess worksite environments and policies. Two commonly cited instruments developed by state public health departments were also included. Studies that were published from 1991 through 2013 in peer-reviewed publications and gray literature that discussed the development or use of these instruments were analyzed. Instrument administration mode and measurement properties were documented. Items were classified by general health topic, 5 domains of general worksite strategy, and 19 subdomains of worksite strategy specific to PA or HE. Characteristics of worksite measures were described including measurement properties, length, and administration mode, as well as frequencies of items by domain and subdomain. Results Seventeen instruments met inclusion criteria (9 employee surveys, 5 manager surveys, 1 observational assessment, and 2 studies that used multiple administration modes). Fourteen instruments included reliability testing. More items were related to PA than HE. Most instruments (n = 10) lacked items in the internal social environment domain. The most common PA subdomains were exercise facilities and lockers/showers; the most common HE subdomain was healthy options/vending. Conclusion This review highlights gaps in measurement of the worksite social environment. The findings provide a useful resource for researchers and practitioners and should inform future instrument development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Dr, Campus Box 1196, St Louis, MO 63130.
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Christine M Hoehner
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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The association between worksite physical environment and employee nutrition, and physical activity behavior and weight status. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:779-84. [PMID: 24988105 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between worksite physical environment and employee dietary intake, physical activity behavior, and weight status. METHODS Two trained research assistants completed audits (Checklist of Health Promotion Environments at Worksites) at each worksite (n = 28). Employees (n = 6261) completed a brief health survey before participation in a weight loss program. RESULTS Employees' access to outdoor areas was directly associated with lower body mass index (BMI), whereas access to workout facilities within a worksite was associated with higher BMI. The presence of a cafeteria and fewer vending machines was directly associated with better eating habits. Better eating habits and meeting physical activity recommendations were both related to lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS Selected environmental factors in worksites were significantly associated with employee behaviors and weight status, providing additional intervention targets to change the worksite environment and promote employee weight loss.
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Do schools in Quebec foster healthy eating? An overview of associations between school food environment and socio-economic characteristics. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:1635-46. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveA school environment that encourages students to opt for food with sound nutritional value is both essential and formative in ensuring that young people adopt healthy eating habits. The present study explored the associations between the socio-economic characteristics of the school environment and the school food environment.DesignA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2008–2009. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed on data from public primary and secondary schools.SettingQuebec, Canada. The school food offering was observed directly and systematically by trained research assistants. Interviews were conducted to fully describe food offerings in the schools and schools’ child-care services.SubjectsA two-stage stratified sampling was used to build a representative sample of 143 French-speaking public schools. The response rate was 66·2 %.ResultsThe primary and secondary schools in low-density areas were more likely to be located near diners (primary:P=0·018; secondary:P=0·007). The secondary schools in deprived areas were less likely to have a regular food committee (P=0·004), to seek student input on menu choices (P=0·001) or to have a long lunch period (P=0·010). The primary schools in deprived areas were less likely to have a food service (P=0·025) and their meal periods were shorter (P=0·033).ConclusionsThe schools in areas with lower socio-economic status provided an environment less favourable for a healthy diet. From a public health perspective, the results of this analysis could assist policy makers and managers to identify actions to support the creation of favourable school environments.
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Ho SH, Chae YM. Validation of Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Workplace Health Promotion. Am J Health Promot 2014; 29:402-9. [PMID: 24819993 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.121008-quan-488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate performance indicators for evaluating workplace health promotion (WHP) programs based on a logic model and to analyze the structural relationships between constructs. DESIGN The study design is cross-sectional. SETTING Design setting was small manufacturing companies implementing WHP programs provided by the Korea Industrial Health Association. SUBJECTS Seventeen occupational health experts completed a questionnaire to determine the content validity of indicators. In addition, 58 health care managers completed a questionnaire to determine reliability and construct validation. The response rate was 84.1%. MEASURES Based on a logic model, 13 constructs of WHP programs were identified: WHP program input, four activities for workplace environment management, two activities for employee health care management, two outputs, and two short-term outcomes. ANALYSIS Interrater agreement index was used for testing the content validity of indicators. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for the reliabilities, and the convergent and discriminant validities. Structuring equation modeling was also used to analyze the relationships among constructs. RESULTS A total of 35 performance indicators from 11 constructs showed good reliability and validity. All relationships among WHP input, activities, outputs, and short-term outcomes were significant, except for the relationship between environment outputs and short-term outcome. CONCLUSION These findings illustrate that the logic model and structuring equation modeling can be used to develop and validate performance indicators for planning and evaluation of the WHP program.
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Davy BM, You W, Almeida F, Wall S, Harden S, Comber DL, Estabrooks PA. Impact of individual and worksite environmental factors on water and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among overweight employees. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E71. [PMID: 24784907 PMCID: PMC4008951 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The worksite environment may influence employees’ dietary behaviors. Consumption of water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) affect weight management; however, little research has evaluated the influence of worksite factors on beverage consumption. Our purpose was to determine whether individual and worksite factors are associated with water and SSB intake among overweight and obese employees. Methods Data were collected as part of baseline assessments for a worksite-based, weight-management intervention trial. Height and weight of participants (N = 1,482; 74% female; mean age = 47 y [standard deviation (SD) = 11y]; mean weight = 208 lbs [SD = 46 lbs]) were assessed, and participants completed a validated beverage intake questionnaire. Environmental characteristics of worksites (N = 28) were audited. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was used to identify worksite conditions that may support healthier beverage intake patterns. Results Most participants were white (75% of sample) with at least some college education or a college degree (approximately 82% of sample). Mean water and SSB intake were 27 fl oz (SD = 18 fl oz) and 17 fl oz (SD = 18 fl oz), respectively; SSB intake (191 kcal [SD = 218 kcal]) exceeded the recommended discretionary energy intake. Statistical models did not identify any significant predictors of water intake. Female sex and increasing level of education and household income were associated with lower SSB intake; baseline body weight and greater number of worksite water coolers and vending machines were associated with higher SSB intake. The QCA identified worksite type (ie, not manual labor) as a condition necessary for healthier beverage consumption; a worksite break policy of 2 or more per day may lead to unhealthy beverage consumption. Lower SSB consumption was noted among older participants, female participants, and among participants with higher education and income levels. Conclusion Workplace factors influence beverage consumption among overweight employees. Limiting vending machine availability and implementing policies that promote weight management may improve employee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Davy
- Associate Professor, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code, 043, Blacksburg, VA 24061. E-mail:
| | - Wen You
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Dana L Comber
- Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace has potential as a setting through which large groups of people can be reached to encourage smoking cessation. OBJECTIVES 1. To categorize workplace interventions for smoking cessation tested in controlled studies and to determine the extent to which they help workers to stop smoking.2. To collect and evaluate data on costs and cost effectiveness associated with workplace interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register (July 2013), MEDLINE (1966 - July 2013), EMBASE (1985 - June 2013), and PsycINFO (to June 2013), amongst others. We searched abstracts from international conferences on tobacco and the bibliographies of identified studies and reviews for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected interventions conducted in the workplace to promote smoking cessation. We included only randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials allocating individuals, workplaces, or companies to intervention or control conditions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One author extracted information relating to the characteristics and content of all kinds of interventions, participants, outcomes and methods of the studies, and a second author checked them. For this update we have conducted meta-analyses of the main interventions, using the generic inverse variance method to generate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS We include 57 studies (61 comparisons) in this updated review. We found 31 studies of workplace interventions aimed at individual workers, covering group therapy, individual counselling, self-help materials, nicotine replacement therapy, and social support, and 30 studies testing interventions applied to the workplace as a whole, i.e. environmental cues, incentives, and comprehensive programmes. The trials were generally of moderate to high quality, with results that were consistent with those found in other settings. Group therapy programmes (odds ratio (OR) for cessation 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 2.80; eight trials, 1309 participants), individual counselling (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.54; eight trials, 3516 participants), pharmacotherapies (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.11; five trials, 1092 participants), and multiple intervention programmes aimed mainly or solely at smoking cessation (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.13; six trials, 5018 participants) all increased cessation rates in comparison to no treatment or minimal intervention controls. Self-help materials were less effective (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.82; six trials, 1906 participants), and two relapse prevention programmes (484 participants) did not help to sustain long-term abstinence. Incentives did not appear to improve the odds of quitting, apart from one study which found a sustained positive benefit. There was a lack of evidence that comprehensive programmes targeting multiple risk factors reduced the prevalence of smoking. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 1. We found strong evidence that some interventions directed towards individual smokers increase the likelihood of quitting smoking. These include individual and group counselling, pharmacological treatment to overcome nicotine addiction, and multiple interventions targeting smoking cessation as the primary or only outcome. All these interventions show similar effects whether offered in the workplace or elsewhere. Self-help interventions and social support are less effective. Although people taking up these interventions are more likely to stop, the absolute numbers who quit are low.2. We failed to detect an effect of comprehensive programmes targeting multiple risk factors in reducing the prevalence of smoking, although this finding was not based on meta-analysed data. 3. There was limited evidence that participation in programmes can be increased by competitions and incentives organized by the employer, although one trial demonstrated a sustained effect of financial rewards for attending a smoking cessation course and for long-term quitting. Further research is needed to establish which components of this trial contributed to the improvement in success rates.4. Further research would be valuable in low-income and developing countries, where high rates of smoking prevail and smoke-free legislation is not widely accepted or enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Cahill
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordUKOX2 6GG
| | - Tim Lancaster
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordUKOX2 6GG
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Williams AE, Stevens VJ, Albright CL, Nigg CR, Meenan RT, Vogt TM. The results of a 2-year randomized trial of a worksite weight management intervention. Am J Health Promot 2014; 28:336-9. [PMID: 24524385 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100127-arb-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the effectiveness of a worksite management intervention (the 3W program) for overweight and obese hotel employees. DESIGN The program was tested in a 2-year cluster-randomized trial involving 30 hotels that employed nearly 12,000 individuals. SETTING All participating hotels were on Oahu, Hawaii. The intervention was implemented within hotel worksites. SUBJECTS Participants were included in the analysis if they had an initial body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, were assessed at least twice, were not missing other data needed for the analysis, and did not switch to employment at a hotel in a different experimental condition. Of the 6519 employees we assessed, data from 1207 individuals (intervention: 598; control: 610) met these criteria and contributed to the analysis. INTERVENTION The intervention had two components: (1) group meetings and (2) a workplace environment intervention. MEASURES Weight and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were measured at three annual assessments. ANALYSIS The effect of the intervention on change in BMI and WHtR was estimated in hierarchical mixed regression models using full maximum likelihood to estimate model parameters. RESULTS The effects on change in BMI and WHtR were in the expected direction but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The 3W program was not effective. The low intensity of the intervention may have contributed to its ineffectiveness.
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Development and reliability testing of the Worksite and Energy Balance Survey. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2013; 19:S105-13. [PMID: 23529049 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0b013e3182849f21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Worksites represent important venues for health promotion. Development of psychometrically sound measures of worksite environments and policy supports for physical activity and healthy eating are needed for use in public health research and practice. OBJECTIVE Assess the test-retest reliability of the Worksite and Energy Balance Survey (WEBS), a self-report instrument for assessing perceptions of worksite supports for physical activity and healthy eating. DESIGN The WEBS included items adapted from existing surveys or new items on the basis of a review of the literature and expert review. Cognitive interviews among 12 individuals were used to test the clarity of items and further refine the instrument. A targeted random-digit-dial telephone survey was administered on 2 occasions to assess test-retest reliability (mean days between time periods = 8; minimum = 5; maximum = 14). SETTING Five Missouri census tracts that varied by racial-ethnic composition and walkability. PARTICIPANTS Respondents included 104 employed adults (67% white, 64% women, mean age = 48.6 years). Sixty-three percent were employed at worksites with less than 100 employees, approximately one-third supervised other people, and the majority worked a regular daytime shift (75%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Test-retest reliability was assessed using Spearman correlations for continuous variables, Cohen's κ statistics for nonordinal categorical variables, and 1-way random intraclass correlation coefficients for ordinal categorical variables. RESULTS Test-retest coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.97, with 80% of items having reliability coefficients of more than 0.6. Items that assessed participation in or use of worksite programs/facilities tended to have lower reliability. Reliability of some items varied by gender, obesity status, and worksite size. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency for the 5 scales ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 and 0.63 to 0.84, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The WEBS items and scales exhibited sound test-retest reliability and may be useful for research and surveillance. Further evaluation is needed to document the validity of the WEBS and associations with energy balance outcomes.
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Dunstan DW, Wiesner G, Eakin EG, Neuhaus M, Owen N, LaMontagne AD, Moodie M, Winkler EAH, Fjeldsoe BS, Lawler S, Healy GN. Reducing office workers' sitting time: rationale and study design for the Stand Up Victoria cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1057. [PMID: 24209423 PMCID: PMC3828481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours (sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Desk-based office workers typically accumulate high amounts of daily sitting time, often in prolonged unbroken bouts. The Stand Up Victoria study aims to determine whether a 3-month multi-component intervention in the office setting reduces workplace sitting, particularly prolonged, unbroken sitting time, and results in improvements in cardio-metabolic biomarkers and work-related outcomes, compared to usual practice. Methods/Design A two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT), with worksites as the unit of randomization, will be conducted in 16 worksites located in Victoria, Australia. Work units from one organisation (Department of Human Services, Australian Government) will be allocated to either the multi-component intervention (organisational, environmental [height-adjustable workstations], and individual behavioural strategies) or to a usual practice control group. The recruitment target is 160 participants (office-based workers aged 18–65 years and working at least 0.6 full time equivalent) per arm. At each assessment (0- [baseline], 3- [post intervention], and 12-months [follow-up]), objective measurement via the activPAL3 activity monitor will be used to assess workplace: sitting time (primary outcome); prolonged sitting time (sitting time accrued in bouts of ≥30 minutes); standing time; sit-to-stand transitions; and, moving time. Additional outcomes assessed will include: non-workplace activity; cardio-metabolic biomarkers and health indicators (including fasting glucose, lipids and insulin; anthropometric measures; blood pressure; and, musculoskeletal symptoms); and, work-related outcomes (presenteeism, absenteeism, productivity, work performance). Incremental cost-effectiveness and identification of both workplace and individual-level mediators and moderators of change will also be evaluated. Discussion Stand Up Victoria will be the first cluster-RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention aimed at reducing prolonged workplace sitting in office workers. Strengths include the objective measurement of activity and assessment of the intervention on markers of cardio-metabolic health. Health- and work-related benefits, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, will help to inform future occupational practice. Trial registration ACTRN1211000742976
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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