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Alimullah M, Shuvo AUH, Jahan I, Ismail IN, Islam SM, Sultana M, Saad MR, Raihan S, Khan F, Alam MA, Subhan N. Evaluation of the modulating effect of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab in carbon-tetrachloride induce hepatic fibrosis in rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101689. [PMID: 38560050 PMCID: PMC10979143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, developed in almost all chronic liver injuries. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) have been thought to contribute to cirrhosis and liver fibrosis. Therefore, using a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrogenesis, we investigated the preventive effects of cetuximab, an inhibitor of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Ameliorative effects of cetuximab were examined in rats, brought on by biweekly doses of 50 mg/kg of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). There were a total of 24 male Long Evans rats split up into four distinct groups such as control, CCl4, control+cetuximab and CCl4+cetuximab. After two weeks of treatment with cetuximab (100 μg/kg), samples of tissue and blood were taken after all the rats had been sacrificed. Plasma samples were examined for the biochemical indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress. Histological staining on liver sections was performed for morphologic pathologies, and related genes expressions analysis were done with RT-PCR in liver tissue. The findings showed that cetuximab could raise the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and considerably lower the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO). Sirius red staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) displayed that cetuximab therapy reduced the inflammatory cells infiltration and enhanced fibrotic lesions. In the meantime, cetuximab therapy also dramatically reduces the expression of genes linked to inflammation in the liver tissue, including NF-кB, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β. To sum up, the anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidant properties of cetuximab confer curative efficacy against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Alimullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - S.M. Mufidul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Mahnaj Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sabbir Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Mousavi M, Firouzi F, Momenan A, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. Association Between Insulin Resistance Indices and Liver Function Parameters Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e490. [PMID: 38769719 PMCID: PMC11106557 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status changes the association between insulin resistance (IR) indices and liver function parameters among women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. We selected 1101 subjects aged ≥20 years from participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). All of them had known the status of PCOS, and all variables were related to the IR indices and liver function parameters. The main outcome measures were TG/HDL-C and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and liver function parameters (hepatic steatosis index [HSI], alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]). RESULT In the present study, there was no significant difference between the PCOS and the non-PCOS regarding the presence of liver function abnormalities. A model adjusted by age and BMI showed that the upper tertile of TyG index was positively associated with high AST (OR = 3.04 [95% CI: 1.20-7.68], p < 0.05), high ALT (4.76 [3.07-7.36], p < 0.05) and high HSI (8.44 [1.82-39.17], p < 0.05). Although the history of diabetes had a positive impact on elevated AST (1.66 [1.15, 2.40], p < 0.05), the third tertile of TG/HDL-C was associated with increased odds of elevated ALT (3.35 [2.21-5.06]) and HSI (6.55 [1.17-36.46]), whereas the second tertile of TG/HDL-C (OR = 2.65, CI 95%: 1.74-4.03) was also positively associated with elevated ALT. PCOS had no significant association with elevated liver function tests. CONCLUSION The highest tertile of TyG index and the TG/HDL-C ratio as a surrogate of IR might play a role in detecting abnormalities of liver function parameters among women. However, PCOS status cannot change the association between IR and liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Mousavi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Firouzi
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Abbas Momenan
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- The Foundation for Research & Education ExcellenceVestaria HillsAIUSA
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Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F. Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38668314 PMCID: PMC11052067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Santo Colosimo
- Doctorate School of Nutrition Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Bocedi
- U.O. Diabetologia, Ospedale C. Magati, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Avino
- S.C. Endocrinologia Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Agnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alba Nicastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federica Sacilotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Gandhe A, Kumari S, Elizabeth Sobhia M. Rational design of FXR agonists: a computational approach for NASH therapy. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10766-9. [PMID: 38055145 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, posing risks to cardiovascular and hepatic health worldwide. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is a severe form of NAFLD, has a global prevalence. Therapeutic targets for NASH include THR-β, GLP-1 receptor, PPARα/δ/γ, FGF21 analogs, and FXR, a bile acid nuclear receptor pivotal for regulating bile acid synthesis and excretion. Our study aims to design the non-steroidal FXR agonist for NASH treatment, as FXR's role in the regulation of bile acid processes, rendering it a promising drug target for NASH therapy. Utilizing tropifexor as a reference molecule, we generated a shape-based pharmacophore model with seven features, identifying key binding requirements within the FXR active site. Virtual screening using this model, coupled with molecular docking studies, helped pinpoint potential ligands from diverse small molecule databases. Further analysis via MM/GBSA revealed 12 molecules with binding affinities comparable to tropifexor. Among them, DB15416 exhibited the lowest binding free energy and superior docking scores. To assess its dynamic stability, we subjected DB15416 to molecular dynamics simulations, confirming its suitability as a FXR agonist. These findings suggest that DB15416 holds promise as a FXR agonist for NASH treatment, which can be evaluated by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Gandhe
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India
| | - Sonia Kumari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India
| | - Masilamani Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India.
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Jayachandran M, Qu S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gut microbial dysbiosis- underlying mechanisms and gut microbiota mediated treatment strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1189-1204. [PMID: 37840104 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is by far the most prevalent form of liver disease worldwide. It's also the leading cause of liver-related hospitalizations and deaths. Furthermore, there is a link between obesity and NAFLD risk. A projected 25% of the world's population grieves from NAFLD, making it the most common chronic liver disorder. Several factors, such as obesity, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, typically accompany NAFLD. Weight loss, lipid-lowering agents, thiazolidinediones, and metformin help prominently control NAFLD. Interestingly, pre-clinical studies demonstrate gut microbiota's potential causal role in NAFLD. Increased intestinal permeability and unhindered transport of microbial metabolites into the liver are the major disruptions due to gut microbiome dysbiosis, contributing to the development of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. Hence, altering the pathogenic bacterial population using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could benefit patients with NAFLD. Therefore, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of microbiota-mediated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD and comprehend the underlying mechanisms that establish a connection between NAFLD and gut microbiota. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the affiliation between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the progress of NAFLD, as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic supplementation, and FMT in obese individuals with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai center of Thyroid diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Song K, Kim HS, Chae HW. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:512-519. [PMID: 36634667 PMCID: PMC10694550 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. The global prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in both adults and children. In Korea, the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 according to a national surveillance study. For early screening of pediatric NAFLD, laboratory tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; biomarkers including hepatic steatosis index, triglyceride glucose index, and fibrosis-4 index; and imaging studies including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are required. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which promotes insulin resistance. Thus, the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome has been reported in many studies. This review addresses issues related to the epidemiology and investigation of NAFLD as well as the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with focus on pediatric NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ye B, Zhang J, Tan Z, Chen J, Pan X, Zhou Y, Wang W, Liu L, Zhu W, Sun Y, Ning K, Xie Q, Liu R. Association of liver function with health-related physical fitness: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1797. [PMID: 37715140 PMCID: PMC10503162 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, by analyzing the correlation between various components of health-related physical fitness (HPF) and liver function indicators, the indicators of physical fitness that were highly correlated with liver function and could be monitored at home were screened to prevent more serious liver disease in the future, and to provide experimental basis for prescribing personalized exercise. METHODS A total of 330 faculties (female = 198) of a university were recruited. The indicators of HPF and liver function were measured. Spearman correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression, and cross-lagged panel model was used to data statistics. RESULTS In males, body fat (BF) was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT); vital capacity and the vital capacity index were positively correlated with albumin; and vertical jump was positively correlated with globulin and negatively correlated with the albumin-globulin ratio (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation among all indicators controlled confounding factors. In females, BF was negatively correlated with direct bilirubin; VO2max was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin; and vertical jump was positively correlated with the albumin-globulin ratio and significantly negatively correlated with globulin (P < 0.05). Controlled confounding factors, body fat percentage was positively correlated with globulin (β = 0.174) and negatively correlated with direct bilirubin (β = -0.431), and VO2max was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin (β = 0.238, P < 0.05). Cross-lagged panel analysis showed that BF percentage can negatively predict direct bilirubin levels with great significance (β = -0.055, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HPF may play a crucial role in liver function screening, particularly for female faculty members. For males, BF, vertical jump, vital capacity and vital capacity index could be associated with liver function but are susceptible to complex factors such as age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. In females, BF percentage is an important predictor of abnormal liver function in addition to VO2max and vertical jump, which are not affected by complex factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zeyu Tan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- School of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Okpujie V, Tobalesi O, Uwumiro F, Ugoh AC, Osiogo EO, Abesin O, Olaomi OA, Nwevo CO, Ayantoyinbo T, Ejeagha F. The Influence of Insulin Resistance on Outcomes in Hospitalizations for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Nationwide Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42964. [PMID: 37667704 PMCID: PMC10475319 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is known to contribute to the onset of insulin resistance (IR), which has been speculated to worsen the outcome of the disease. This study examines the impact of IR on the severity and outcomes of hospitalizations for ALD. Methods A retrospective study was performed using the combined 2016 to 2018 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All admissions for ALD were included. The association between IR and the clinical and resource utilization of hospitalizations for ALD was analyzed using multivariate regression models to adjust for confounding variables. Results About 294,864 hospitalizations for ALD were analyzed. Of these, 383 cases (0.13%) included a secondary diagnosis of IR, while the remaining 294,481 hospitalizations (99.87%) were considered as controls. The incidence of IR in the study was 1.3 per 1000 admissions for ALD. IR was not associated with any significant difference in the likelihood of mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.370-3.251, p=0.867), acute liver failure, or the incidence of complications (aOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.535-1.274, p<0.001). However, the study found that ALD hospitalizations with IR had longer hospital stays (7.3 days vs. 6.0 days: IRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; p<0.001) and higher mean hospital costs ($91,124 vs. $65,290: IRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.20-1.46; p<0.001) compared to patients without IR. Conclusion IR alone does not worsen the outcomes of patients with ALD, and its association with longer hospital stays and higher mean hospital costs could be due to other confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Opeyemi Tobalesi
- Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NGA
| | | | - Amaka C Ugoh
- Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, NGA
| | - Elsie O Osiogo
- Internal Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, NGA
| | - Olawale Abesin
- Internal Medicine, Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, Truro, GBR
| | | | - Chimaobi O Nwevo
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NGA
| | - Tosin Ayantoyinbo
- Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ife, NGA
| | - Franklin Ejeagha
- Internal Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, NGA
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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10
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Song K, Yang J, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Lee M, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Changes in the Prevalences of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Korean Children during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:269-277. [PMID: 36996898 PMCID: PMC10067793 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based study investigated the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and NAFLD among 1428 children and adolescents between 2018-2019 and 2020. We assessed the prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, and NAFLD according to body mass index, age, sex, and residential district. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships among obesity, abdominal obesity, and NAFLD. RESULTS In the obese group, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 75.55% to 92.68%, and that of NAFLD increased from 40.68% to 57.82%. In age-specific analysis, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 8.25% to 14.11% among participants aged 10-12 years and from 11.70% to 19.88% among children aged 13-15 years. In residential district-specific analysis, the prevalence of both abdominal obesity and NAFLD increased from 6.96% to 15.74% in rural areas. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of abdominal obesity for NAFLD was 11.82. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the prevalences of abdominal obesity and NAFLD increased among obese Korean children and adolescents and in rural areas during the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased among young children. These findings suggest the importance of closely monitoring abdominal obesity and NAFLD among children during COVID-19, focusing particularly on obese young children and individuals in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Likitnukul S, Thammacharoen S, Sriwatananukulkit O, Duangtha C, Hemstapat R, Sunrat C, Mangmool S, Pinthong D. Short-Term Growth Hormone Administration Mediates Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and De Novo Lipogenesis Gene Expression in Obese Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041050. [PMID: 37189668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity causes a decrease in growth hormone (GH) levels and an increase in insulin levels. Long-term GH treatment increased lipolytic activity as opposed to decreasing insulin sensitivity. Nonetheless, it is possible that short-term GH administration had no impact on insulin sensitivity. In this study, the effect of short-term GH administration on liver lipid metabolism and the effector molecules of GH and insulin receptors were investigated in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Recombinant human GH (1 mg/kg) was then administered for 3 days. Livers were collected to determine the hepatic mRNA expression and protein levels involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of GH and insulin receptor effector proteins was investigated. In DIO rats, short-term GH administration significantly reduced hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA expression while increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) mRNA expression. Short-term GH administration reduced hepatic FAS protein levels and downregulated gene transcription of hepatic fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis, while increasing fatty acid oxidation in DIO rats. DIO rats had lower hepatic JAK2 protein levels but higher IRS-1 levels than control rats due to hyperinsulinemia. Our findings suggest that short-term GH supplementation improves liver lipid metabolism and may slow the progression of NAFLD, where GH acts as the transcriptional regulator of related genes.
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12
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Afarin R, Aslani F, Asadizade S, Jaberian Asl B, Mohammadi Gahrooie M, Shakerian E, Ahangarpour A. The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on NAFLD Treatment in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e134807. [PMID: 38116551 PMCID: PMC10728850 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-134807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are 2 common liver diseases that currently lack effective treatment options. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on NAFLD treatment in an animal model. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD for 7 weeks. The rats were then categorized into 3 groups: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), MSC + LPS, and fenofibrate (FENO) groups. Liver and body weight were measured, and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, and inflammatory responses was assessed. Results Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated ADSCs were more effective in regulating liver and body weight gain and reducing liver triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the other groups. Treatment with LPS-stimulated ADSCs effectively corrected liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values, better than treatment with both FENO and MSCs. ADSCs + LPS treatment significantly decreased transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and genes associated with inflammatory responses. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the rats treated with ADSCs + LPS. Conclusions Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated ADSCs showed potential in alleviating NAFLD by reducing inflammatory genes and ROS levels in HFD rats, demonstrating better results than treatment with ADSCs and FENO groups alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Afarin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Aslani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Asadizade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahar Jaberian Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Mohammadi Gahrooie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Shakerian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Yang J, Yao W, Yang H, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Design and synthesis of ERα agonists: Effectively reduce lipid accumulation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1104249. [PMID: 36569962 PMCID: PMC9772986 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. Hepatic lipid deposition is a major feature of NAFLD, and insulin resistance is one of the most important causes of lipid deposition. Insulin resistance results in the disruption of lipid metabolism homeostasis characterized by increased lipogenesis and decreased lipolysis. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been widely reported to be closely related to lipid metabolism. Activating ERa may be a promising strategy to improve lipid metabolism. Here, we used computer-aided drug design technology to discover a highly active compound, YRL-03, which can effectively reduce lipid accumulation. Cellular experimental results showed that YRL-03 could effectively reduce lipid accumulation by targeting ERα, thereby achieving alleviation of insulin resistance. We believe this study provides meaningful guidance for future molecular development of drugs to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Jinfei Yang, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Weiwei Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jinfei Yang, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
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14
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Song K, Son NH, Chang DR, Chae HW, Shin HJ. Feasibility of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging for Assessing Pediatric Hepatic Steatosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071087. [PMID: 36101465 PMCID: PMC9313139 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) for assessing pediatric hepatic steatosis. A total of 111 children and adolescents who underwent liver ultrasonography with ATI for suspected hepatic steatosis were included. Participants were classified into the normal, mild, or moderate−severe fatty liver group according to grayscale US findings. Associations between clinical factors, magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, steatosis stage and ATI values were evaluated. To determine the cutoff values of ATI for staging hepatic steatosis, areas under the curve (AUCs) were analyzed. Factors that could cause measurement failure with ATI were assessed. Of 111 participants, 88 had successful measurement results. Median ATI values were significantly increased according to steatosis stage (p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was a significant factor for increased ATI values (p = 0.047). To differentiate fatty liver from normal liver, a cutoff value of 0.59 dB/cm/MHz could be used with an AUC value of 0.853. To differentiate moderate to severe fatty liver from mild fatty liver, a cutoff value of 0.69 dB/cm/MHz could be used with an AUC value up to 0.91. ATI can be used in children as an effective ultrasonography technique for quantifying and staging pediatric hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Nak-Hoon Son
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Dong Ryul Chang
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-5189-8321; Fax: +82-31-5189-8377
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15
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Mitsala A, Tsalikidis C, Romanidis K, Pitiakoudis M. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extrahepatic Cancers: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4478-4510. [PMID: 35877216 PMCID: PMC9325209 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the main driver and leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. The umbrella term NAFLD describes a range of liver conditions closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. At the same time, several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, are considered to be common causes of death among patients with NAFLD. At first, our review herein aims to investigate the role of NAFLD in developing colorectal neoplasms and adenomatous polyps based on the current literature. We will also explore the connection and the missing links between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. Interestingly, any relationship between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies could be attributable to several shared metabolic risk factors. Overall, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders may increase the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is essential for preventing the progression of the disease and avoiding its severe complications. In addition, cancer screening and early detection in these patients may improve survival and reduce any delays in treatment.
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Karimi A, Naeini F, Niazkar HR, Tutunchi H, Musazadeh V, Mahmoodpoor A, Asghariazar V, Mobasseri M, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Nano-curcumin supplementation in critically ill patients with sepsis: a randomized clinical trial investigating the inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress indices, endothelial function, clinical outcomes and nutritional status. Food Funct 2022; 13:6596-6612. [PMID: 35621073 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe reaction and excessive immune response to infection, which can lead to organ dysfunction, and death. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of nano-curcumin (NC) on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, oxidative stress indices, biochemical factors, nutritional status, and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. In the present double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 40 ICU-admitted patients were randomly allocated into either NC or placebo group for 10 days. Both nano-curcumin (160 mg) and placebo were administered via a nasogastric tube twice a day. The mRNA expression of nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), BCL2 associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the serum levels of primary, secondary, tertiary, and exploratory outcomes were assessed before the baseline and on days 5 and 10. There were significant improvements in the primary outcomes, including inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-10, TLR-4, BCL-2 and BAX), markers of endothelial function (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), and oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and TAC) (p < 0.005) in the NC group compared to the placebo group after 10 days, while no significant increase was observed in the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level between the two groups. However, no significant decrease was observed in the levels of secondary outcomes, including biochemical factors (creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)) (P > 0.05). Our results showed that in the tertiary outcome (nutritional status), there was no significant increase (P > 0.05) except for TLC (P = 0.003). NC supplementation also resulted in a significant decrease in the exploratory outcomes including the SOFA score and the duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.05). Supplementation with NC may be a promising treatment strategy for critically ill patients with sepsis. However, further experiments are suggested to investigate the effects of nano-curcumin on biochemical pathways involved in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Niazkar
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Shahrokhi M, Shirazpour S. Protective Roles of Shilajit in Modulating Resistin, Adiponectin, and Cytokines in Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:531-537. [PMID: 35258780 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Shilajit, a medicine of Ayurveda, on the serum changes in cytokines and adipokines caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS After establishing fatty liver models by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, 35 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control (standard diet), Veh (HFD + vehicle), high-dose Shilajit [H-Sh, HFD + 250 mg/(kg·d) Shilajit], low-dose Shilajit [L-Sh, HFD + 150 mg/(kg·d) Shilajit], and pioglitazone [HFD + 10 mg/(kg·d) pioglitazone] groups, 7 rats in each group. After 2-week of gavage administration, serum levels of glucose, insulin, interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and resistin were measured, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. RESULTS After NAFLD induction, the serum level of IL-10 significantly increased and serum IL-1β, TNF-α levels significantly decreased by injection of both doses of Shilajit and pioglitazone (P<0.05). Increases in serum glucose level and homeostasis model of HOMA-IR were reduced by L-Sh and H-Sh treatment in NAFLD rats (P<0.05). Both doses of Shilajit increased adiponectin and decreased serum resistin levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The probable protective role of Shilajit in NAFLD model rats may be via modulating the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, adipokine and resistin, and reducing of HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Ghezelbash
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahrokhi
- Department of Medical Science, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 713414336, Iran
| | - Sara Shirazpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616914115, Iran
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Song K, Park G, Lee HS, Lee M, Lee HI, Ahn J, Lee E, Choi HS, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030584. [PMID: 35327390 PMCID: PMC8945340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey. The prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity increased from 5.14%, 8.17%, and 5.97% respectively, in 2009 to 10.46%, 12.05%, and 10.51% respectively, in 2018. In age-specific analyses, an adverse trend in NAFLD was significant only in participants aged 16–18 years while the prevalence of prediabetes worsened significantly in all age groups. In BMI-specific analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD increased significantly only in participants with normal BMI. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85 and those of abdominal obesity for prediabetes and NAFLD was 1.85 and 9.34, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD was increasing in association with abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Goeun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (G.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (G.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Jungmin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Eunbyoul Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.S.); (M.L.); (H.I.L.); (J.A.); (E.L.); (H.S.C.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (H.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3350; Fax: +82-2-393-9118
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Song K, Park G, Lee HS, Lee M, Lee HI, Choi HS, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Comparison of the Triglyceride Glucose Index and Modified Triglyceride Glucose Indices to Predict Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Youths. J Pediatr 2022; 242:79-85.e1. [PMID: 34808224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and modified TyG indices with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluate their ability as predictors of NAFLD in youths. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed the cross-sectional data of 3728 individuals aged 10-19 years using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and ORs and 95% CIs of tertiles 2 and 3 for each variable for predicting NAFLD were calculated and compared with those of tertile 1 as the reference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the ability of each variable for NAFLD prediction. RESULTS All TyG and modified TyG indices exhibited progressively increased ORs and 95% CIs for NAFLD across all tertiles (all P < .001). In addition, all TyG and modified TyG indices significantly predicted NAFLD through ROC curves. All modified TyG indices were superior to the TyG index for predicting NAFLD in all subjects and in males. Among females, the TyG-waist-to-height ratio was superior to the TyG index, TyG-body mass index (BMI), and TyG-waist circumference (WC), and the TyG-BMI SDS and TyG-WC were superior to the TyG index. CONCLUSIONS The TyG and modified TyG indices are markers for NAFLD prediction in youths, and the modified TyG indices are superior to the TyG index. Modified TyG indices have the potential to be simple and cost-effective markers in screening for NAFLD in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Das R, Mitra S, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Hossain MJ, Alqahtani AM, Alghazwani Y, Dhama K, Simal-Gandara J. Medicinal plants used against hepatic disorders in Bangladesh: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114588. [PMID: 34480997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide which accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide, 1 million due to complications of cirrhosis and 1 million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. That's why it is seeking the researchers' attention to find out the effective treatment strategies. Phytochemicals from natural resources are the main leads for the development of noble hepatoprotective drugs. The majority of the natural sources whose active compounds are currently employed actually have an ethnomedical use. Ethnopharmacological research is essential for the development of these bioactive compounds. These studies not only provide scientific evidence on medicinal plants utilized for particular therapeutic purposes, but they also ensure cultural heritage preservation. Plenty of experimental studies have been well-documented that the ethnomedicinal plants are of therapeutics' interest for the advanced pharmacological intervention in terms of hepatic disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This study summarizes the processes of hepatotoxicity induced by various toxins and explores identified hepatoprotective plants and their phytoconstituents, which can guide the extraction of novel phytochemical constituents from plants to treat liver injury. This review aimed to summarize the hepatoprotective activity of Bangladeshi medicinal plants where the bioactive compounds may be leads for the drug discovery in future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, BanglaJOL, and so on, were performed using the keywords 'Bangladesh', 'ethnomedicinal plants', 'Hepatoprotective agents' as for primary searches, and secondary search terms were used as follows, either alone or in combination: traditional medicine, medicinal plants, folk medicine, liver, hepatitis, therapeutic uses, and anti-inflammatory. Besides, several books, including the book entitled "Medicinal plants of Bangladesh: chemical constituents and uses" authored by Abdul Ghani, were carefully considered, which contained pharmacological properties and phytoconstituents of many medicinal plants growing and traditionally available in Bangladesh. Among them, the most promising plant species with their latest therapeutic effects against hepatic disorders were deeply considered in this review. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that in most cases, therapy using plant extracts stabilized altered hepatic biochemical markers induced by hepatotoxins. Initially, we investigated 32 plant species for hepatoprotective activity, however after extensive literature searching; we observed that 20 plants offer good pharmacological evidence of hepatoprotective function. Consequently, most bioactive compounds derived from the herbs including berberine, thymoquinone, andrographolide, ursolic acid, luteolin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin, troxerutin, morin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, chlorogenic acid, emodin, curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, ellagic acid, etc. are appeared to be effective against hepatic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Flavonoids, phenolic acids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, chromenes, capsaicinoids, curcuminoids, and anthraquinones are among the phytoconstituents were appraised to have hepatoprotective activities. All the actions displayed by these ethnomedicinal plants could make them serve as leads in the formulation of drugs with higher efficacy to treat hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia Alghazwani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareil-ly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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22
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Alam S, Eslam M, SKM Hasan N, Anam K, Chowdhury MAB, Khan MAS, Hasan MJ, Mohamed R. Risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean body mass population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JGH Open 2021; 5:1236-1249. [PMID: 34816009 PMCID: PMC8593777 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among lean patients is poorly understood and therefore investigated. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies. Of 1175 articles found through searching from Medline/PubMed, Banglajol, and Google Scholar by two independent investigators, 22 were selected. Data from lean (n = 6768) and obese (n = 9253) patients with NAFLD were analyzed; lean (n = 43 398) and obese (n = 9619) subjects without NAFLD served as controls. Age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had significantly higher estimates in lean NAFLD patients than in lean non-NAFLD controls. Fasting blood sugar [MD(mean difference) 5.17 mg/dl, 95% CI(confidence interval) 4.14-6.16], HbA1c [MD 0.29%, 95% CI 0.11-0.48], and insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] [MD 0.49 U, 95% CI 0.29-0.68]) were higher in lean NAFLD patients than in lean non-NAFLD controls. All components of the lipid profile were raised significantly in the former group except high-density lipoprotein. An increased uric acid (UA) level was found to be associated with the presence of NAFLD among lean. Cardio-metabolic profiles of nonlean NAFLD patients significantly differs from the counter group. However, the magnitude of the difference of lipid and glycemic profile barely reached statistical significance when subjects were grouped according to lean and nonlean NAFLD. But DBP (slope: 0.19, P < 0.037), HOMA-IR (slope: 0.58, P < 0.001), and UA (slope: 0.36, P = 0.022) were significantly higher if NAFLD was present compared to that of non-NAFLD group. Lean and nonlean NAFLD patients are metabolically similar and share common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinul Alam
- Department of HepatologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmead Hospital and University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nazmul SKM Hasan
- Department of HepatologyShaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical CollegeKishoreganjBangladesh
| | - Kamrul Anam
- Department of Medical GastroenterologySheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Md Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Meta analysis DivisionPi Research Consultancy CenterDhakaBangladesh
- Department of PharmacologyShaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical CollegeKishoreganjBangladesh
| | - Mohammad J Hasan
- Meta analysis DivisionPi Research Consultancy CenterDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of MedicineUniversity Malaya Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Kermanizadeh A, Valli J, Sanchez K, Hutter S, Pawlowska A, Whyte G, Moritz W, Stone V. Particulate and drug-induced toxicity assessed in novel quadruple cell human primary hepatic disease models of steatosis and pre-fibrotic NASH. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:287-303. [PMID: 34668024 PMCID: PMC8748349 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to replace, reduce and refine animal experimentation, there is an unmet need to advance current in vitro models that offer features with physiological relevance and enhanced predictivity of in vivo toxicological output. Hepatic toxicology is key following chemical, drug and nanomaterials (NMs) exposure, as the liver is vital in metabolic detoxification of chemicals as well as being a major site of xenobiotic accumulation (i.e., low solubility particulates). With the ever-increasing production of NMs, there is a necessity to evaluate the probability of consequential adverse effects, not only in health but also in clinically asymptomatic liver, as part of risk stratification strategies. In this study, two unique disease initiation and maintenance protocols were developed and utilised to mimic steatosis and pre-fibrotic NASH in scaffold-free 3D liver microtissues (MT) composed of primary human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The characterized diseased MT were utilized for the toxicological assessment of a panel of xenobiotics. Highlights from the study included: 1. Clear experimental evidence for the pre-existing liver disease is important in the augmentation of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and 2. NMs are able to activate stellate cells. The data demonstrated that pre-existing disease is vital in the intensification of xenobiotic-induced liver damage. Therefore, it is imperative that all stages of the wide spectrum of liver disease are incorporated in risk assessment strategies. This is of significant consequence, as a substantial number of the general population suffer from sub-clinical liver injury without any apparent or diagnosed manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK. .,School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Jessica Valli
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Simon Hutter
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27a, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Graeme Whyte
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Colom-Pellicer M, Navarro-Masip È, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escoté X. Supplementation with a Specific Combination of Metabolic Cofactors Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3532. [PMID: 34684533 PMCID: PMC8541294 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are multifactorial risk factors strongly associated with NAFLD/NASH. Here, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) containing precursors of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (betaine, N-acetyl-cysteine, L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside) was evaluated as effective treatment for the NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Six-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control diet animals and animals exposed to a high fat and high fructose/sucrose diet to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (HFHFr group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (MI group) for 4 additional weeks, and blood and liver were obtained from all animals for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. The MI treatment reduced liver steatosis, decreasing liver weight and hepatic lipid content, and liver injury, as evidenced by a pronounced decrease in serum levels of liver transaminases. Moreover, animals supplemented with the MI cocktail showed a reduction in the gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines when compared with their HFHFr counterparts. In addition, MI supplementation was effective in decreasing hepatic fibrosis and improving insulin sensitivity, as observed by histological analysis, as well as a reduction in fibrotic gene expression (Col1α1) and improved Akt activation, respectively. Taken together, supplementation with this specific combination of metabolic cofactors ameliorates several features of NAFLD, highlighting this treatment as a potential efficient therapy against this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (È.N.-M.); (G.A.)
| | - Josep M. Del Bas
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (J.M.D.B.)
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25
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García-Carretero R, Holgado-Cuadrado R, Barquero-Pérez Ó. Assessment of Classification Models and Relevant Features on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Random Forest. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:763. [PMID: 34204225 PMCID: PMC8234908 DOI: 10.3390/e23060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. Certain conditions, including mild inflammation biomarkers, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, can trigger a progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition characterized by inflammation and liver cell damage. We demonstrate the usefulness of machine learning with a case study to analyze the most important features in random forest (RF) models for predicting patients at risk of developing NASH. We collected data from patients who attended the Cardiovascular Risk Unit of Mostoles University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) from 2005 to 2021. We reviewed electronic health records to assess the presence of NASH, which was used as the outcome. We chose RF as the algorithm to develop six models using different pre-processing strategies. The performance metrics was evaluated to choose an optimized model. Finally, several interpretability techniques, such as feature importance, contribution of each feature to predictions, and partial dependence plots, were used to understand and explain the model to help obtain a better understanding of machine learning-based predictions. In total, 1525 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 57.3 years, and 507 patients had NASH (prevalence of 33.2%). Filter methods (the chi-square and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests) did not produce additional insight in terms of interactions, contributions, or relationships among variables and their outcomes. The random forest model correctly classified patients with NASH to an accuracy of 0.87 in the best model and to 0.79 in the worst one. Four features were the most relevant: insulin resistance, ferritin, serum levels of insulin, and triglycerides. The contribution of each feature was assessed via partial dependence plots. Random forest-based modeling demonstrated that machine learning can be used to improve interpretability, produce understanding of the modeled behavior, and demonstrate how far certain features can contribute to predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael García-Carretero
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28935 Mostoles, Spain; (R.G.-C.); (R.H.-C.)
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, 28935 Mostoles, Spain
| | - Roberto Holgado-Cuadrado
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28935 Mostoles, Spain; (R.G.-C.); (R.H.-C.)
| | - Óscar Barquero-Pérez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28935 Mostoles, Spain; (R.G.-C.); (R.H.-C.)
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26
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Tutunchi H, Naeini F, Mobasseri M, Ostadrahimi A. Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the progression of liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:483-487. [PMID: 34330512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a multi-factorial liver disease and its incidence is globally rising. Little is known about the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD patients. AIM To examine the association of liver fibrosis with TyG index among patients with NAFLD in a sample of Iranian adults. METHODS The NAFLD fibrosis score and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were used for the detection of hepatic fibrosis. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were applied to assess the association of liver fibrosis with TyG index. RESULTS The current study included a total of 230 participants with NAFLD and low probability of fibrosis. The TyG index quartiles were higher in patients with higher body mass index (BMI), higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and less physical activity than in participants with lower BMI, lower SBP and more physical activity, respectively. Moreover, higher serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, aspartate and aminotransferases, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower serum level of HDL-C were observed in patients with higher quartiles of TyG index (all P < 0.01). The severity of NAFLD significantly increased with increment in the quartiles of TyG index. Increased TyG index was positively associated with worsening of NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB-4 index. Based on NAFLD fibrosis score, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 1.98 (1.33-2.22), 2.33 (2.09-2.94), and 3.44 (2.63-4.25) in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quantiles of TyG index when compared to the 1st quantile of TyG index. A similar trend was observed in the analysis using FIB-4 index. CONCLUSION According to the results of the current study, excess TyG index contributes to the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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El-Sehrawy AA, State O, Elzehery RR, Mohamed AS. Insulin Resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Premenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:100-104. [PMID: 33513642 DOI: 10.1055/a-1341-9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that estrogen protects premenopausal women against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. From another perspective, the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is bidirectional. Role of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD continues to be a matter of debate. The present study aimed to assess the relation between IR and NAFLD in premenopausal women with MetS. The study included 51 premenopausal women with MetS. In addition, there were 40 age-matched healthy controls. All participants were subjected to careful history taking and thorough clinical examination. Performed laboratory investigations included fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, and liver functions. Calculation of IR was achieved by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). NAFLD was graded into three grades according to findings of abdominal ultrasound. Patients had significantly higher BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels when compared with controls. They also had significantly lower HDL levels in comparison to controls. Moreover, they have more advanced grades of NAFLD in contrast to controls. Comparison between patients with various grades of NAFLD regarding the clinical data revealed significant increase of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels with advancing NAFLD grade. Using multivariate regression analysis, HOMA-IR was an independent predictor of advanced NAFLD grade. In conclusion, the present study documented a combined inter-relation between MetS, IR, and NAFLD in premenopausal women with MetS. IR is correlated with NAFLD grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ali El-Sehrawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omnia State
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Rizk Elzehery
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salem Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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CYTOKERATIN-18 AS A MARKER OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel with the obesity epidemic in the world, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among children and adolescents is growing. Current data suggest that insulin resistance is one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the content of fragments of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 in the blood serum may be one of the informative indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression.
The aim. To determine mechanisms of formation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents by evaluating the level of cytokeratin-18.
Materials and methods. The study involved 46 adolescents with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease aged 12–17 years: 19 boys (41.3 %) and 27 girls (58.7 %). Clinical (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), laboratory (glucose, immunoreactive insulin, lipid metabolism, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cytokeratin-18) parameters were studied and instrumental examination (abdominal ultrasound) was performed. To assess insulin resistance the triglyceride-glucose index was calculated.
Results. Depending on the presence of insulin resistance patients were divided into two groups: 21 (45.7 %) of adolescents with insulin resistance and 25 (54.3 %) of adolescents without insulin resistance. Blood tests in patients with insulin resistance revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting immunoreactive insulin, cytokeratin-18 and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. All adolescents were divided into 2 groups depending on the level of cytokeratin-18: patients with cytokeratin-18 >233 mIU/ml and <233 mIU/ml (15 (32.6 %) and 31 (67.4 %) respectively). It was found that there were significantly more patients with insulin resistance in the group with the level of cytokeratin-18 >233 mIU/ml.
Conclusion. In obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease insulin resistance is associated with more pronounced disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and higher levels of markers that characterize the state of the liver such as cytokeratin-18 and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Adolescents with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with a threshold level of cytokeratin-18, which indicates the transformation of steatosis into steatohepatitis, two times more often have present insulin resistance.
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Jalili R, Somi MH, Hosseinifard H, Salehnia F, Ghojazadeh M, Makhdami N, Shirmohammadi M. The Evaluation of Effective Drugs for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:542-555. [PMID: 33072533 PMCID: PMC7539311 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis are two forms of fatty liver disease with benign and malignant nature, respectively. These two conditions can cause an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the importance and high prevalence of NAFLD, it is necessary to investigate the results of different studies in related scope to provide a clarity guarantee of effectiveness. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to study the efficacy of various medications used in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods: A systematic search of medical databases identified 1963 articles. After exclusion of duplicated articles and those which did not meet our inclusion criteria, eta-analysis was performed on 84 articles. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) were set as primary outcomes and body mass index (BMI), hepatic steatosis, and NAFLD activity score (NAS) were determined as secondary outcomes. Results: Based on the P-score of the therapeutic effects on the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we observed the highest efficacy for atorvastatin, tryptophan, orlistat, omega-3 and obeticholic acid for reduction of ALT, AST, BMI, steatosis and NAS respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that atorvastatin. life-style modification, weight loss, and BMI reduction had a remarkable effect on NAFLD-patients by decreasing aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jalili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salehnia
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Shirmohammadi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver, and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Garcia-Carretero R, Vigil-Medina L, Barquero-Perez O, Ramos-Lopez J. Relevant Features in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Determined Using Machine Learning for Feature Selection. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 17:444-451. [PMID: 31675274 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the prevalence and the most relevant features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, (NAFLD) in which the inflammation of hepatocytes can lead to increased cardiovascular risk, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and the need for liver transplant. Methods: We analyzed data from 2239 hypertensive patients using descriptive statistics and supervised machine learning algorithms, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest classifier, to select the most relevant features of NASH. Results: The prevalence of NASH among our hypertensive patients was 11.3%. In univariate analyses, it was associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Ferritin and serum insulin were the most relevant features in the final model, with a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 79%, and area under the curve of 0.79. Conclusion: Ferritin and insulin are significant predictors of NASH. Clinicians may use these to better assess cardiovascular risk and provide better management to hypertensive patients with NASH. Machine-learning algorithms may help health care providers make decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garcia-Carretero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Rey Juan Carlos University, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Luis Vigil-Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Rey Juan Carlos University, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Oscar Barquero-Perez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Systems and Computing, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Radhakrishnan S, Ke JY, Pellizzon MA. Targeted Nutrient Modifications in Purified Diets Differentially Affect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Disease Development in Rodent Models. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa078. [PMID: 32494762 PMCID: PMC7250583 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex spectrum of disorders ranging from simple benign steatosis to more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Although not every patient with NAFLD/NASH develops liver complications, if left untreated it may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Purified diets formulated with specific nutritional components can drive the entire spectrum of NAFLD in rodent models. Although they may not perfectly replicate the clinical and histological features of human NAFLD, they provide a model to gain further understanding of disease progression in humans. Owing to the growing demand of diets for NAFLD research, and for our further understanding of how manipulation of dietary components can alter disease development, we outlined several commonly used dietary approaches for rodent models, including mice, rats, and hamsters, time frames required for disease development and whether other metabolic diseases commonly associated with NAFLD in humans occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Uncarboxylated osteocalcin ameliorates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in KKAy mice via activating insulin signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:383-393. [PMID: 31659239 PMCID: PMC7470804 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin, expressed in osteoblasts of the bone marrow, undergoes post-translational carboxylation and deposits in mineralized bone matrix. A portion of osteocalcin remains uncarboxylated (uncarboxylated osteocalcin, GluOC) that is released into blood where it functions as a hormone to regulate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. As insulin resistance is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, this study is aimed to elucidate how GluOC regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in KKAy mice, an animal model displaying obese, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. GluOC (3, 30 ng/g per day, ig) was orally administered to female KKAy mice for 4 weeks. Whole-body insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia were examined using routine laboratory assays. We found that GluOC administration significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice by activating hepatic IRβ/PI3K/Akt pathway and elevated the whole-body insulin sensitivity with decreased FPI and HOMA-IR index. Furthermore, GluOC administration alleviated hyperglycemia through suppressing gluconeogenesis and promoting glycogen synthesis in KKAy mice and in cultured hepatocytes in vitro. Moreover, GluOC administration dose-dependently ameliorated dyslipidemia and attenuated hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice by inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty-acid β-oxidation. These results demonstrate that GluOC effectively enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity, improves hyperglycemia and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice, suggesting that GluOC could be a promising drug candidate for treating metabolic syndrome.
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Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance closely related to lobular inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:80-86. [PMID: 31625959 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) has been established as a major risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) where it exerts effects on plasma glucose homeostasis, cellular anabolism, and organ glucose uptake. Owing to paucity of studies focused on peripheral IR in relation to pathological outcome, we aim to investigate homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by histological characteristics of NAFLD. METHODS Liver biopsy of 588 patients was screened. After excluding etiologies other than NAFLD and factors contributing to IR, serum HOMA-IR was compared with patients' histologic features. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess their relationship. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was calculated to assess the discriminatory ability of homeostatic model assessment of IR for advanced lobular inflammation (LI). RESULTS We observed higher serum level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and low-density lipoprotein as HOMA-IR increased. HOMA-IR is significantly associated with severity of LI (odds ratio = 1.222, 95% confidence interval = 1.135-1.315, P < 0.001), similar association remained after adjusting for age, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (odds ratio = 1.205, 95% confidence interval = 1.102-1.317, P < 0.001). HOMA-IR is discriminant of LI with AUROC = 0.832 and cutoff = 2.995 (sensitivity = 0.938, specificity = 0.569). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a strong and independent association of HOMA-IR with the severity of liver inflammation by histological evaluation in NAFLD patients without diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and its possible role in diagnosis of LI could be translated into clinical assessment of NAFLD patients with uncertainty of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression.
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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Yzydorczyk C, Li N, Rigal E, Chehade H, Mosig D, Armengaud JB, Rolle T, Krishnasamy A, Orozco E, Siddeek B, Juvet C, Vergely C, Simeoni U. Calorie Restriction in Adulthood Reduces Hepatic Disorders Induced by Transient Postnatal Overfeeding in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112796. [PMID: 31744052 PMCID: PMC6893580 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired early nutrition influences the risk of developing metabolic disorders in later life. We observed that transient postnatal overfeeding (OF) in mice induces long-term hepatic alterations, characterized by microsteatosis, fibrosis associated with oxidative stress (OS), and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). In this study, we investigated whether such changes can be reversed by moderate calorie restriction (CR). C57BL/6 male mice pups were maintained during lactation in litters adjusted to nine pups in the normal feeding (NF) group and three pups in the transient postnatal OF group. At six months of age, adult mice from the NF and OF groups were randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet or CR (daily energy supply reduced by 20%) for one month. In each group, at the age of seven months, analysis of liver structure, liver markers of OS (superoxide anion, antioxidant defenses), and SIPS (lipofuscin, p53, p21, p16, pRb/Rb, Acp53, sirtuin-1) were performed. CR in the OF group reduced microsteatosis, decreased levels of superoxide anion, and increased protein expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, CR decreased lipofuscin staining, p21, p53, Acp53, and p16 but increased pRb/Rb and sirtuin-1 protein expression. CR did not affect the NF group. These results suggest that CR reduces hepatic disorders induced by OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Yzydorczyk
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)21-314-32-19
| | - Na Li
- Equipe Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA7460), UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (N.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA7460), UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (N.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Hassib Chehade
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Dolores Mosig
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Jean Baptiste Armengaud
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Thibaud. Rolle
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Anithan Krishnasamy
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Eulalia Orozco
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Benazir Siddeek
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Christian Juvet
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA7460), UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (N.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- DOHaD Laboratory, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.C.); (D.M.); (J.B.A.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (E.O.); (B.S.); (C.J.); (U.S.)
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Kim HY, Choi JY, Park YM. Relative skeletal muscle mass and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from association to causation. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:509-511. [PMID: 31673541 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Kim
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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NAFLD and Extra-Hepatic Comorbidities: Current Evidence on a Multi-Organ Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183415. [PMID: 31540048 PMCID: PMC6765902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and its incidence is definitely increasing. NAFLD is a metabolic disease with extensive multi-organ involvement, whose extra-hepatic manifestations include type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Recently, further evidence has given attention to pathological correlations not strictly related to metabolic disease, also incorporating in this broad spectrum of systemic involvement hypothyroidism, psoriasis, male sexual dysfunction, periodontitis, and urolithiasis. The most common cause of mortality in NAFLD is represented by cardiovascular disease, followed by liver-related complications. Therefore, clinicians should learn to screen and initiate treatment for these extra-hepatic manifestations, in order to provide appropriate multidisciplinary assessments and rigorous surveillance. This review evaluates the current evidence regarding extra-hepatic associations of NAFLD, focusing on the pathogenic hypothesis and the clinical implications.
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Abstract
Background General overnutrition is one of the key factors involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common liver disease occur by two steps of liver injury ranges from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here the effect of fructose, fat-rich and western diet (WD) feeding was studied along with aggravative effect of cigarette smoking on liver status in mice. Methods Sixty-four male NMRI mice were included in this study and assigned into 4 groups that fed standard, fructose-rich, high fat-, and western-diet for 8 weeks and then each group divided in two smoker and nonsmoker subgroups according to smoke exposing in the last 4 weeks of feeding time (n = 8). Histopathological studies, serum biochemical analyses and hepatic TNF-α level were evaluated in mice to compare alone or combination effects of dietary regimen and cigarette smoking. Results Serum liver enzymes and lipid profile levels in WD fed mice were significantly higher than in other studied diets. Exposing to cigarette smoke led to more elevation of serum biochemical parameters that was also accompanied by a significant increase in hepatic damage shown as more severe fat accumulation, hepatocyte ballooning and inflammation infiltrate. Elevated TNF-α level confirmed incidence of liver injury. Conclusion The finding of this study demonstrated that a combination of cigarette smoke exposure and WD (rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol) could induce a more reliable mouse model of NASH.
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Parizadeh SM, Parizadeh SA, Alizade-Noghani M, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ghandehari M, Mottaghi-Moghaddam A, Goldani F, Khazaei M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:633-641. [PMID: 31092057 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1617696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy, ranking fourth among the causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Its incidence has increased in recent decades, and now more than one million CRC patients are diagnosed and thousands die annually. The 5-year survival rate varies with the stage at diagnosis, are approximately 90% in the early stages of disease, and less than 10% in advanced disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a major cause of chronic liver disease, and characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, has also emerged as a risk factor for CRC, and to be related with the development of colorectal polyps. Areas covered: The purpose of this current review is to summarize the main findings of studies that have investigated the role of NAFLD in development of CRC. Expert opinion: Various molecular pathways are altered during the development of NAFLD, which are also important in CRC tumorigenesis. There is growing body of evidence showing the potential role of activation of pro-inflammatory, disruption of anti-inflammatory pathways, increasing the activity of pathways involved in cell proliferation/survival. Thus targeting these dysregulated pathways via novel inhibitors can be a potential therapy for CRC prevention in cases with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Parizadeh
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- b Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Faculty of Medicine , Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Ali Mottaghi-Moghaddam
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goldani
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- e Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education , Falmer, Brighton , UK
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,f Cancer Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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A Pathophysiological Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Precision-Cut Liver Slices. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030507. [PMID: 30818824 PMCID: PMC6470479 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder closely related to metabolic syndrome. NAFLD can progress to an inflammatory state called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may result in the development of fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To develop therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism is needed. Current in vitro NAFLD models fail to capture the essential interactions between liver cell types and often do not reflect the pathophysiological status of patients. To overcome limitations of commonly used in vitro and in vivo models, precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) were used in this study. PCLSs, prepared from liver tissue obtained from male Wistar rats, were cultured in supraphysiological concentrations of glucose, fructose, insulin, and palmitic acid to mimic metabolic syndrome. Accumulation of lipid droplets was visible and measurable after 24 h in PCLSs incubated with glucose, fructose, and insulin, both in the presence and absence of palmitic acid. Upregulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and 2, and of sterol responsive element binding protein 1c, suggests increased de novo lipogenesis in PCLSs cultured under these conditions. Additionally, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expression was reduced, which indicates impaired fatty acid transport and disrupted mitochondrial β-oxidation. Thus, steatosis was successfully induced in PCLSs with modified culture medium. This novel ex vivo NAFLD model could be used to investigate the multicellular and molecular mechanisms that drive NAFLD development and progression, and to study potential anti-steatotic drugs.
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Jwa Kum Whan Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Glucose Metabolism and the Insulin Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4589810. [PMID: 30881473 PMCID: PMC6387703 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4589810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance has attracted considerable attention. Caused by chronic hyperglycemic stress, insulin resistance (IR) impairs insulin signal transduction and leads to the development of NAFLD. Jwa Kum Whan (JKW), a herbal formula in Traditional Korean Medicine, consists of two medicinal herbs that possess notable effects against hyperglycemia and IR. In this study, we sought to determine the pharmacological effects of JKW, and the mechanisms responsible, on hepatic steatosis in free fatty acids (FFAs)-stimulated HepG2 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Treatment with JKW significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro. Furthermore, JKW significantly triggered the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and modulated glucose and lipid metabolism via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Analysis of serum parameters in HFD-fed mice showed that JKW improved glucose levels and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). In addition, JKW successfully reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol accumulation. Our results suggest that JKW alleviates NAFLD by modulating the insulin signaling pathway and glucose metabolism. These findings provide a scientific rationale for the potential use of JKW for the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
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Nagashimada M, Ota T. Role of vitamin E in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:516-522. [PMID: 30592129 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD manifests as hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation, and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, including those that drive its progression, are unclear. Both liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and NASH. Therefore, NALFD could potentially be ameliorated by modifying the polarization of macrophages/Kupffer cells. Reactive oxygen species induce oxidative stress, which is implicated in the progression of NASH. Micronutrients, including vitamins, are potent antioxidants that exert anti-inflammatory effects, and are used in the treatment of NAFLD. We review here the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the potential utility of vitamin E in its prevention and/or treatment. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):516-522, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Chung MY, Song JH, Lee J, Shin EJ, Park JH, Lee SH, Hwang JT, Choi HK. Tannic acid, a novel histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease both in vivo and in vitro model. Mol Metab 2018; 19:34-48. [PMID: 30473486 PMCID: PMC6323241 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined the potential of tannic acid (TA) as a novel histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATi) and demonstrated that TA prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by inhibiting HAT activity. Methods The anti-HAT activity of TA was examined using HAT activity assays. An in vitro NAFLD model was generated by treating HepG2 cells with oleic and palmitic acids. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (CD) or Western diet (WD) with or without supplementation with either 1% or 3% TA (w/w) for 12 weeks. Finally, the possibility of interacting p300 and TA was simulated. Results TA suppressed HAT activity both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, TA abrogated occupancy of p300 on the sterol regulatory element in the fatty acid synthase and ATP-citrate lyase promoters, eventually inducing hypoacetylation of H3K9 and H3K36. Furthermore, TA decreased acetylation at lysine residues 9 and 36 of histone H3 protein and that of total proteins. Consequently, TA decreased the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes and attenuated lipid accumulation in vivo. We observed that NAFLD features, including body weight, liver mass, fat mass, and lipid profile in serum, were improved by TA supplementation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrated the possibility that TA directly binds to p300 through docking simulation between ligand and protein. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that TA, a novel HATi, has potential application for the prevention of NAFLD. Tannic acid is a general inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase. Tannic acid decreases transcriptional activity of the lipogenesis-related genes through its HATi activity. Tannic acid ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the western diet-fed mice through its HATi activity. Tannic acid binds to EP300, possibly reducing its activity through inducing conformational change of EP300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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The potential association between periodontitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2965-2974. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Qiao F, Fu K, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Xia Y, Bao X, Gu Y, Shi H, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. The association between missing teeth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:941-951. [PMID: 29779210 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term oral chronic inflammatory process is closely related to systemic inflammation, which is a main mechanism involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tooth loss could reflect the accumulation of oral local inflammation, implying that number of missing teeth may associate with NAFLD. This study evaluated the association between missing teeth and presence of NAFLD in a general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 24,470 adults was carried out from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. The self-reported number of missing teeth (excluding third molars) was recorded and classified into four categories: 0, 1-2, 3-5, and ≥6. The NAFLD was diagnosed by the liver ultrasonography. Associations were analysed by adjusted multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of NAFLD across the categories of missing teeth were as follows: in males, 1.00 (reference), 1.04 (0.93-1.16), 1.06 (0.90-1.24), and 1.40 (1.09-1.81) (p for trend = 0.04); in females, 1.00 (reference), 0.98 (0.83-1.15), 1.11 (0.90-1.37), and 1.07 (0.77-1.48) (p for trend = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS The number of missing teeth was associated with a higher presence of NAFLD in males but not females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Jeyapal S, Kona SR, Mullapudi SV, Putcha UK, Gurumurthy P, Ibrahim A. Substitution of linoleic acid with α-linolenic acid or long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents Western diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10953. [PMID: 30026586 PMCID: PMC6053361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA in the Western diet may increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigates the impact of substitution of linoleic acid with α-linolenic acid (ALA) or long chain (LC) n-3 PUFA and hence decreasing n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on high fat, high fructose (HFHF) diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed control diet, HFHF diet (n-6:n-3 ratio of 200), HFHF diet with ALA (n-6:n-3 ratio of 2) or HFHF diet with LC n-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 ratio of 5) for 24 weeks. Rats fed HFHF diet with n-6:n-3 ratio of 200 resulted in hepatic steatosis, induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and oxidative stress accompanied by increase in markers of inflammation, plasma lipids and aminotransferase levels. Histopathological examination of liver further confirmed the establishment of NASH. ALA and LC n-3 PUFA supplementation prevented hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia by inhibiting lipogenesis and increasing insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated hepatic oxidative stress by restoring antioxidant status, decreased inflammation and preserved hepatic architecture. These finding suggest that decreasing n-6:n-3 ratio prevented HFHF induced NASH by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugeedha Jeyapal
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
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Singh MK, Das BK, Choudhary S, Gupta D, Patil UK. Diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: A pathophysiological link and pharmacological management. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:991-1002. [PMID: 30119271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are multifarious, dissimilar, and long-lasting, fatal diseases with a remarkable influence on health worldwide. DM is not only related to cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, but also related to a number of liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Recently, it is hypothesized that DM has a greater risk for many forms of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, gallbladder, renal, and liver cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both DM and cancer have many common risk factors, but the association between these two is poorly stated. Several epidemiologic studies have revealed the association between pathogenic and prognostic characteristics of DM and a higher incidence of HCC, thus representing DM as an independent risk factor for HCC development. The etiological and pathophysiological relationship between DM and HCC has been presented in this review by linking hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and activation of insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways and pharmacological management of HCC associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
| | - Bhrigu Kumar Das
- Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India.
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
| | - Umesh K Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
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Alam S, Fahim SM, Chowdhury MAB, Hassan MZ, Azam G, Mustafa G, Ahsan M, Ahmad N. Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh. JGH OPEN 2018; 2:39-46. [PMID: 30483562 PMCID: PMC6206991 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant cause of hepatic dysfunction and liver‐related mortality. As there is a lack of population‐based prevalence data in a representative sample of general population, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in Bangladesh. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh from December 2015 to January 2017. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire followed by ultrasonography of hepatobiliary system for screening of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of NAFLD. Results A total of 2782 (1694 men and 1088 women) participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 34.21 (±12.66) years. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 33.86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.12, 35.64). Females living in the rural areas and midlife adults (45–54 years) had the highest prevalence of NAFLD (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that increasing age, diabetes, elevated body mass index, and married individuals are significantly associated with NAFLD. Individuals with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.85, 3.97) and hypertension were at a higher risk of having NAFLD. The odds of having NAFLD were 4.51 (95% CI: 3.47, 5.86) and 10.71 (95% CI: 7.80, 14.70) times higher among overweight and obese participants, respectively, as compared to normal‐weight participants. Conclusions About one‐third of the population of Bangladesh is affected by NAFLD. Individuals with higher body mass index (overweight and obese), diabetics, midlife adults, married individuals, and rural women were more at risk of having NAFLD than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinul Alam
- Department of HepatologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Md. Zakiul Hassan
- Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Golam Azam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic disorders (GHPD)BIRDEMDhakaBangladesh
| | - Golam Mustafa
- Department of HepatologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mainul Ahsan
- Department of Radiology and ImagingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nooruddin Ahmad
- Department of HepatologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Yi Q, Sun P, Li J, Kong S, Tian J, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Han J, Zhang X, Ye F. Rho, a Fraction From Rhodiola crenulate, Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:222. [PMID: 29593573 PMCID: PMC5861213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is developed from hepatic steatosis, is increasing worldwide. However, no specific drugs for NAFLD have been approved yet. To observe the effects of Rho, a fraction from Rhodiola crenulate, on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, three mouse models with characteristics of NAFLD were used including high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) mice, KKAy mice, and HFD combined with tetracycline stimulated Model-T mice. Hepatic lipid accumulation was determined via histopathological analysis and/or hepatic TG determination. The responses to insulin were evaluated by insulin tolerance test (ITT), glucose tolerance test (GTT), and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, respectively. The pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism were observed via western-blot. Furthermore, the liver microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy. The HPLC analysis indicated that the main components of Rho were flavan polymers. The results of histopathological analysis showed that Rho could ameliorate hepatic steatosis in DIO, KKAy, and Model-T hepatic steatosis mouse models, respectively. After Rho treatment in DIO mice, insulin resistance was improved with increasing glucose infusion rate (GIR) in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and decreasing areas under the blood glucose-time curve (AUC) in both ITT and GTT; the pathways involved in fatty acid uptake and de novo lipogenesis were both down-regulated, respectively. However, the pathways involved in beta-oxidation and VLDL-export on hepatic steatosis were not changed significantly. The liver microcirculation disturbances were also improved by Rho in DIO mice. These results suggest that Rho is a lead nature product for hepatic steatosis treatment. The mechanism is related to enhancing insulin sensitivity, suppressing fatty acid uptake and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Puyang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with dysbiosis independent of body mass index and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1466. [PMID: 29362454 PMCID: PMC5780381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if there is an association between dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) independent of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). This is a prospective cross-sectional study assessing the intestinal microbiome (IM) of 39 adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD (15 simple steatosis [SS]; 24 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) and 28 healthy controls (HC). IM composition (llumina MiSeq Platform) in NAFLD patients compared to HC were identified by two statistical methods (Metastats, Wilcoxon). Selected taxa was validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Metabolites in feces and serum were also analyzed. In NAFLD, 8 operational taxonomic units, 6 genera, 6 families and 2 phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) were less abundant and; 1 genus (Lactobacillus) and 1 family (Lactobacillaceae) were more abundant compared to HC. Lower abundance in both NASH and SS patients compared to HC were confirmed by qPCR for Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus. No difference was found between NASH and SS. This lower abundance in NAFLD (NASH+SS) was independent of BMI and IR. NAFLD patients had higher concentrations of fecal propionate and isobutyric acid and serum 2-hydroxybutyrate and L-lactic acid. These findings suggest a potential role for a specific IM community and functional profile in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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