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Gupta S, Fischer J, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A. Emotional regulation and suicidal ideation-Mediating roles of perceived social support and avoidant coping. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377355. [PMID: 38629033 PMCID: PMC11018903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research has uncovered a wide prevalence variation of suicidal ideation in university students ranging from 9.7% to 58.3%. India has witnessed a 4.5% increase in suicide rates in the year 2021. The interplay between cognitive reappraisal of a stressful situation, suppression of emotional expression, and coping strategies for suicidal ideation of Indian University students is yet to be explored. We aim to determine whether suicidal ideation would differ across different types of family units, and to predict the extent to which perceived social support and avoidant coping could mediate the relation between emotion regulation processes and suicidal ideation. Methods Two hundred randomly selected University students (Mean age = 19.9, SD = 1.43) participated. Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and GLM mediation model were computed. Results and discussion Lifetime suicidal ideation significantly differed between those who stay alone and those who live in a nuclear family (p < 0.01), and also those who stay in a joint family (p < 0.05). Cognitive reappraisal predicted a reduction in suicidal ideation mediated by perceived social support (B = -0.06, p < 0.05) and avoidant coping (B = -0.07, p < 0.05). Whereas, expressive suppression predicted induced levels of suicidal ideation through perceived social support (B = 0.05, p < 0.05), and avoidant coping (B = 0.06, p < 0.05) as mediators. Conclusion Though our sample size restricts the generalization, our findings implied the importance of regular psychological consultation regarding the efficacy of the said coping processes in dealing with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Gupta
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jonathan Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sakhi Roy
- Amity School of Economics, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Atreyee Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Xiao W, Rong F, Li S, Xu H, Jin Z, Li R, Yu W, Tao F, Wan Y. Co-occurrence patterns of adverse childhood experiences and their associations with non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors and gender difference among middle school students: A three-city survey in China. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:140-147. [PMID: 36181912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found increasing evidence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) leading to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors. Most studies have focused on a certain type or timing of ACEs or the patterns of multiple types; however, few of them have examined the patterns of ACEs combined types and timing and the gender differences in the association between ACEs and self-harming behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three Chinese cities from November 2020 to May 2021. We asked 16,853 middle school students to anonymously complete a questionnaire to provide the details of their own ACEs and NSSI or suicidal behaviors. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified four classes: high ACEs (10 %), high abuse/neglect (20.3 %), moderate ACEs (26.7 %) and low ACEs (43 %). Logistic regression models demonstrated that students in the high ACEs, high abuse/neglect and moderate ACEs subgroups were more likely to engage in NSSI and suicidal behaviors than students with low ACEs. Compared with boys, girls had a higher probability of engaging in NSSI and suicidal behaviors when exposed to the same level of ACEs. CONCLUSION Co-occurrence of ACEs is associated with high risk of NSSI and suicidal behaviors. Our findings recognized the most dangerous patterns and latent class membership, which supply the evidence for policy makers to adopt preventive measures to protect high-risk individuals. Strategies to relieve the impact of ACEs, especially on girls, need to be considered comprehensively. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by cross-sectional design, as causality could not be confirmed. In addition, because our survey was retrospective, potential recall bias can not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Rong
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengge Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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Kim MJ, Lee H, Shin D, Hong M, Rhee SJ, Park JI, Ahn YM. Effect of Attitude Toward Suicide on Suicidal Behavior: Based on the Korea National Suicide Survey. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:427-434. [PMID: 35753681 PMCID: PMC9233956 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a complex phenomenon; therefore, it should be approached in light of sociocultural perspectives and the general attitude toward suicide. This study aimed to extract factors from the Attitude Toward Suicide Scale (ATTS) and investigate the relationship between attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal idea, plan, and attempt) by using a representative sample of Korean adults. METHODS Three thousand Koreans aged 19 to 75 years were surveyed cross-sectionally in 2013 and 2018. The data collected were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Extracted attitude factors were compared using a suicidal behavior continuum. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were constructed to compare the association between attitude factors and suicidal behaviors. RESULTS Among the participants, 477 (15.9%) experienced suicidal idea only, 85 (2.8%) had a suicidal plan without attempt, and 58 (1.9%) attempted suicide. Four meaningful factors were extracted from the factor analysis: "permissiveness," "unjustified behavior," "preventability/readiness to help," and "loneliness." "Permissiveness," "unjustified behavior," and "loneliness" factors showed significant trends across the suicidal behavior continuum. Permissive attitude toward suicide increased the odds of suicidal idea, suicidal plan, and suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.25-1.79; aOR=2.79, 95% CI=1.84-4.25; aOR=2.67, 95% CI=1.65-4.33), while attitude toward suicide as unjustified behavior decreased the odds of suicidal ideation and attempt (aOR=0.79, 95% CI=0.67-0.94; aOR=0.64, 95% CI=0.42-0.99). CONCLUSION A significant association was found between attitude toward suicide and suicidal behaviors. Attitude toward suicide is a modifiable factor that can be used to develop prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huang Q, Lin S, Li Y, Huang S, Liao Z, Chen X, Shao T, Li Y, Cai Y, Qi J, Shen H. Suicidal Ideation Is Associated With Excessive Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students. Front Public Health 2022; 9:809463. [PMID: 35223763 PMCID: PMC8867720 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.809463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is the first step and a strong predictor of suicide. College students are at a considerably high risk of suicidal ideation, and smartphones are commonly used in this group. However, the relationship between suicidal ideation and smartphone use among Chinese college students is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students and its association with smartphone use and addiction factors. METHODS A total of 439 college students participated the survey. We collected the demographic information, physical health, psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, social support, sleep quality), characteristics of smartphone use, and mobile phone addiction (MPA). Suicidal ideation was measured with a single question, "did you feel that life was not worth living in the past 1 year?" RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation ("Yes" response) in the past year among Chinese college students was 7.5%. In binary logistic regression analysis, suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with less subjective social support (OR: 2.49, p = 0.049), lower utilization of social support (OR: 13.28, p = 0.012), more depressive symptoms (OR:4.96, p = 0.005), and more than 5 h of daily smartphone use (OR: 2.60, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Considering the widely use of smartphones in Chinese colleges and the correlation with suicidal ideation, excessive phone use among college students should be given more attention by administrators and health workers. It is necessary to obtain more information about the intention of smartphone use, make full use of smartphones for health education, and monitor excessive use of smartphones, while improving social support and coping mechanisms for depression, to identify suicidal ideation and prevent suicidal behavior among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianli Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Raschke N, Mohsenpour A, Aschentrup L, Fischer F, Wrona KJ. Socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal behaviors in South Korea: systematic review on the current state of evidence. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:129. [PMID: 35042490 PMCID: PMC8765829 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The economic and human costs of suicide to individuals, families, communities, and society make suicide a major public health problem around the world. Suicide rates in South Korea are among the highest in the world. This paper is the first systematic review investigating socioeconomic risk factors for suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, attempted suicides, and completed suicides) in South Korea. Methods We performed a systematic review in Medline and Web of Science. Empirical studies and peer-reviewed articles on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal behaviors have been included. A total of 53 studies were included in a descriptive synthesis. Results Overall, 35 studies focused on the association between individual socioeconomic factors and suicidal ideation, 16 were related to suicide attempts, while 10 addressed completed suicides. Low income, unemployment, and financial difficulties were identified as risk factors for all suicidal behaviors. Working in precarious conditions, long working hours, self-employment, changes in employment status, shift work/night-time work, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation. Low educational attainment appears to increase the risk for suicide attempts and completed suicide, but the significance of educational attainment on the reporting of suicidal ideation could not be verified. The primary studies were unable to ascertain whether the place of residence impacts on suicidal behaviors. Conclusions The results highlight the relevance of socioeconomic factors for suicidal behaviors in South Korea. Governmental social spending must be increased and redirected more efficiently so that the economically most vulnerable groups are financially protected and income inequality does not widen. Furthermore, comprehensive prevention strategies at the community level are needed. Future research needs to focus on identifying vulnerable groups for whom the effects of low socioeconomic status may have particularly serious consequences with regard to suicidal behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12498-1.
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Liu Z, Li S, Shang S, Ren X. How Do Critical Thinking Ability and Critical Thinking Disposition Relate to the Mental Health of University Students? Front Psychol 2021; 12:704229. [PMID: 34489809 PMCID: PMC8416899 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of psychotherapy suggest that human mental problems associate with deficiencies in critical thinking. However, it currently remains unclear whether both critical thinking skill and critical thinking disposition relate to individual differences in mental health. This study explored whether and how the critical thinking ability and critical thinking disposition of university students associate with individual differences in mental health in considering impulsivity that has been revealed to be closely related to both critical thinking and mental health. Regression and structural equation modeling analyses based on a Chinese university student sample (N = 314, 198 females, M age = 18.65) revealed that critical thinking skill and disposition explained a unique variance of mental health after controlling for impulsivity. Furthermore, the relationship between critical thinking and mental health was mediated by motor impulsivity (acting on the spur of the moment) and non-planning impulsivity (making decisions without careful forethought). These findings provide a preliminary account of how human critical thinking associate with mental health. Practically, developing mental health promotion programs for university students is suggested to pay special attention to cultivating their critical thinking dispositions and enhancing their control over impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwei Shang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhu Ren
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hirsch JK, Hall BB, Wise HA, Brooks BD, Chang EC, Sirois FM. Negative life events and suicide risk in college students: Conditional indirect effects of hopelessness and self-compassion. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:546-553. [PMID: 31765290 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1692023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Suicide risk is a significant public health concern for college students and may be exacerbated by hopelessness resulting from negative life events (NLE), yet may be ameliorated by self-compassion. We examined the mediating role of hopelessness in the relation between NLE and suicidal behavior, and the moderating influence of self-compassion on all model paths. Participants: Participants were 338 undergraduates (89% white; 67% female). Data were collected from December 2014 to December 2015. Methods: Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for College Students, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire - Revised. Results: Negative life events were related to greater hopelessness and, in turn, to more suicidal behavior, yet self-compassion attenuated this effect. Conclusions: Self-compassion may buffer the NLE-hopelessness linkage, thereby reducing suicide risk among college students. Therapeutic promotion of self-compassion, and reduction of hopelessness, may be important suicide prevention strategies on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin B Hall
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Haley A Wise
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, USA
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Kelliher-Rabon J, Sirois FM, Barton AL, Hirsch JK. Self-compassion and suicidal behavior: Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness across increasingly vulnerable samples. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1884592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison L. Barton
- Department of Educational Foundations and Special Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Jameson K. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
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Zhong S, Lu L, Wilson A, Wang Y, Duan S, Ou J, Shi L, Ge J, Chen L, Zhao K, Chen R. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among college students: A structural equation modeling approach. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:572-577. [PMID: 33152561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal ideation (SI) among college students is frequently reported. However, the mediating roles of depressive and anxiety symptoms between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and SI has yet to be explored among college students. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of college freshmen in China was conducted between October 2018 and December 2018. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on basic sociodemographic characteristics, including SI, ADHD symptoms, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. A structural equation model (SEM) was then constructed. RESULTS A total of 904 college freshmen were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and lifetime SI were 11.9% (95% CI: 9.9%-14.2%) and 29.2% (95% CI: 26.3%-32.2%), respectively. The SEM revealed that there were no direct paths from inattention, executive dysfunction, and hyperactivity to SI. Under the mediating role of anxiety and depressive symptoms, executive dysfunction (β = 0.011, p < 0.05) and hyperactivity (β = 0.015, p < 0.05) had indirect relationships with the risk of SI, and the role of inattention was not identified. Depressive and anxiety symptoms had direct influences on increasing SI. There also were indirect effects from anxiety symptoms to SI, which were mediated by depressive symptoms (β = 0.023, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated the indirect relationships between ADHD symptoms and SI among college freshmen. The findings could provide useful clues for clinical treatment and school-based prevention that aims to improve college students' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Lu
- Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Suqian Duan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's college London, London, UK
| | - Jianjun Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Ge
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kaihong Zhao
- School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kamulegeya LH, Kitonsa PJ, Okolimong E, Kaudha G, Maria S, Nakimuli-Mpungu E. Prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use patterns among university students in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:339. [PMID: 33738027 PMCID: PMC7934195 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.339.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction majority of alcohol use pattern studies among university students are from developed countries. Information about the different alcohol use patterns and their correlates among university students in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and cardinal demographic and psychosocial factors associated with specific alcohol use patterns among Ugandan university students. Methods a cross section study conducted over 5-months among university students using a standardized socio-demographic questionnaire screened for alcohol use problems, depression symptoms and academic stress using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the higher education stress inventory (HESI) respectively. Multivariate multinomial regression models were used to determine factors independently associated with a specific alcohol use pattern with low-risk drinkers as the reference group. Results a thousand out of 1200 students completed all study requirements for which 60% were males; median age was 22.3 (SD=2.36). The prevalence estimates of any alcohol use, low-risk drinking, heavy episodic drinking and alcohol misuse were 31%, 17.3%, 4.5% and 8.9% respectively. In comparison to low-risk drinkers, students reporting heavy episodic drinking were more likely to report high levels of academic stress (P-value <0.10). Those with alcohol misuse were more likely to be males and with significant depression symptoms (P-value ≤0.05). Non-alcohol users were more likely to report high levels of academic stress (P-value ≤0.05). Conclusion the prevalence of maladaptive alcohol use patterns is high among Ugandan university students. Integrating peer led psychological interventions into student health services is desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gloria Kaudha
- Uganda Heart Institute, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sonia Maria
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Clinical correlates of socioeconomic status in adolescent bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 101:152186. [PMID: 32504872 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with symptomatic severity, comorbidity, and functional impairment in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). Little is known about clinical correlates of SES in adolescents with BD. METHODS Participants included 195 adolescents, 13-20 years old, with BD type I, II or not otherwise specified (NOS). Diagnoses were determined by standardized semi-structured interviews. Based on the Hollingshead scale, participants were divided into "low" (SES 1-3) and the "high" (SES 4-5) SES groups. Demographic and clinical correlates of SES were evaluated in univariate analyses; significant variables were evaluated in a logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared to participants in the high SES group (n = 150), participants in the low SES group (n = 45) were significantly younger, less likely to be of Caucasian race and living with natural parents. In the logistic regression model, controlling for age and race, the low SES group had higher risk of police contact or arrest (OR = 2.41, 95% CI:1.14-5.11, p = 0.022), less treatment with stimulants(OR = 0.20 95% CI: 0.06-0.67, p = 0.009), and more post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (OR = 4.08, 95% CI:1.33-12.46, p = 0.014) compared to the high SES group. In sensitivity analyses that further controlled for intact family, the finding of higher rates of police contact or arrest was no longer significant. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design; higher-skewed SES sample. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES in adolescent BD is associated with higher legal risk, increased PTSD, and under-treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Future studies are needed to evaluate the inter-relationships of these correlates, using prospective designs that can evaluate the direction of these associations. Further studies incorporating neurobiological markers are also needed to explore mechanisms underlying SES-related differences in BD.
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Attitudes towards suicide and risk factors for suicide attempts among university students in South Korea. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:166-169. [PMID: 32379610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the new global socioeconomic development, suicidal deaths have increased which is progressively gaining more attention in the field of psychiatry, social work, psychology, and public health research. The present study aimed at examining the evidence for the attitudes towards suicide and risk factors for suicide attempts among university students in South Korea and suggested significant recommendations for future prevention programs and research. METHOD A study was conducted by reviewing recent publications and significant research journals published since 2000 related to the study objective, themes, and drawn broader perspectives and implications. The recent journal articles from PubMed, Global Health journal database, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Academic Journals Database, WHO, and PsychInfo data sources were included. The study key terms were "suicide", "attitudes", "risk factors", "university students", & "South Korea". RESULTS The negative attitudes towards self, confusion of meaning in life, anxiety and stress about academic achievement, family problems, hopelessness, depression, and bipolar disorder were the main factors. LIMITATIONS We mainly included peer review journals in our study, but address the few relevant books and reports also. CONCLUSIONS The authors discussed important implications for future actions, including conducting relevant studies and regular collaborative discussions among responsible stakeholders.
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Song HS, Bae SM. The Moderating Effects of the Facets of Mindfulness on the Relationship between Daily Life Stress and Suicidal Ideation among Korean College Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Kim S, Choi KH, Lee KS, Kim DJ, Hong SC, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Lee CT, Lee KU. Risk Factors for Serious Suicide Attempts with High Medical Severity. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:408-421. [PMID: 31642549 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES his study investigated the risk factors leading to serious suicide attempts with high medical severity. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-two patients who visited the emergency room after attempting suicide were divided into two groups: suicide attempters with high medical severity (25.3%) and those with low medical severity (74.7%). Demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and factors related to each suicide attempt were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate risk factors for high medical severity in patients' current suicide attempts. RESULTS The results show that suicide attempters with high medical severity had more severe depression and psychological disturbances such as agitation, intense emotions, and self-reproach. Suicide attempters with high medical severity also had more serious risk factors for suicide such as repetitive/intense/continuous thoughts of suicide, suicidal planning, and a stronger wish to die. School/work problems and physical illnesses were related to high medical severity with more lethal methods. Logistic regression demonstrated that school/work problems, total risk rating, severity of suicidal ideation, and agitation were risks for more serious suicide attempts, whereas more frequent lifetime suicide attempts were a protective factor. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that suicide attempters with high medical severity had more severe psychopathologies and risk factors related to suicidal behavior than those with low medical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic Industrial Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Tai Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ahorsu DK, Adjaottor ES, Yeboah FA, Opoku Y. Mental health challenges in academia: comparison between students of the various educational levels in Ghana. J Ment Health 2020; 30:292-299. [PMID: 32168994 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1739253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students continue to face significant mental health challenges that vary in severity and type. It is, therefore, imperative that researchers and clinicians pay more attention to efforts aimed at improving the mental well-being of students. AIMS This study examined the differences between Ghanaian students of the various educational levels on some mental health variables and the psychosocial factors of suicidal ideation. METHODS Three hundred and fifty-seven (357) participants consisting of junior (92 students) and senior (99 students) high school students, undergraduates (86 students) and postgraduates (80 students) were involved in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS The study revealed that high school students had higher academic stress, depression and suicidal ideation and they used more coping strategies compared to university students. Depression, age, and educational levels were the factors that facilitated suicidal ideation, with spiritual and ritual centred coping strategy and religion (Islam) serving as a buffer for suicidal ideation among students. These factors varied with different educational levels. CONCLUSIONS High school students experienced significant mental health problems compared to university students-this has direct implications on their academic and psychosocial development. The study recommends that mental health facilities be provided and managed by professionals, especially in high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Sethina Adjaottor
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Opoku
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Lim KS, Wong CH, McIntyre RS, Wang J, Zhang Z, Tran BX, Tan W, Ho CS, Ho RC. Global Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior, Deliberate Self-Harm and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4581. [PMID: 31752375 PMCID: PMC6888476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic search for relevant articles published between 1989 to 2018 was performed in multiple electronic databases. The aggregate 12-month and lifetime prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm, and non-suicidal self-injury were calculated based on the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the prevalence according to school attendance and geographical regions. Results: A total of 686,672 children and adolescents were included. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts was 6% (95% CI: 4.7-7.7%) and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4-5.9%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal plan was 9.9% (95% CI: 5.5-17%) and 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5-12.1%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18% (95% CI: 14.2-22.7%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 11.6-17.3%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury was 22.1% (95% CI: 16.9-28.4%) and 19.5% (95% CI: 13.3-27.6%) respectively. The aggregate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of deliberate self-harm was 13.7% (95% CI: 11.0-17.0%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 10.1-19.5%) respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that full-time school attendance, non-Western countries, low and middle-income countries, and geographical locations might contribute to the higher aggregate prevalence of suicidal behaviors, deliberate self-harm, and non-suicidal self-injury. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found that non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and deliberate self-harm were the three most common suicidal and self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-San Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.-S.L.); (R.C.H.)
| | - Celine H. Wong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jiayun Wang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China;
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China;
| | - Bach X. Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Vietnam Young Physicians’ Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Wanqiu Tan
- The China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Think Tank, Chongqing 400043, China;
| | - Cyrus S. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Roger C. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.-S.L.); (R.C.H.)
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China;
- Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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Prinsloo C, Prinsloo A. A Qualitative Exploration of South Korean Emerging Adults' Perspectives on Death and Suicide Through Short Stories. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2019; 84:245-266. [PMID: 31726937 DOI: 10.1177/0030222819887248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the alarming suicide rate among South Korean emerging adults, relatively little is known about their unfettered perspectives on death and suicide. Therefore, an innovative data collection technique was developed to apprehend the meanings that emerging adults attribute to death and suicide in their explorations of the phenomena through a selection of short stories. A convenience sample (N = 114) responded to a survey in which participants transferred their feelings toward death and suicide to characters or events in the short stories. A qualitative content analysis revealed relatively permissive perspectives toward death and suicide. Negative perspectives on death are associated with societal victimization and positive perspectives with naturalistic fatalism. Positive perspectives on suicide are overwhelmingly rooted in existential, individual choices while negative perspectives focus on societal pressures. These perspectives contribute to illuminating tensions between traditionalist collectivism and contemporary individualism in Korean society that could inform suicide prevention initiatives for emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adri Prinsloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicide Ideation and Attempt among Adolescent High School Students in Dangila Town, Northwest Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2018; 2018:7631453. [PMID: 29992132 PMCID: PMC6016154 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7631453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a major public health problem and is common among adolescents worldwide. The true extent of the problem in Ethiopia is difficult to ascertain as suicides and suicidal behavior are significantly underreported and understudied. Objective We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempt among adolescent high school students in Dangila Town, Ethiopia. Methods This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2015 in Dangila Town. Data were collected from adolescent high school students using pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire. We conducted bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. Results A total of 573 of 603 sampled students participated in the study (95% response rate). The mean (±SD) age of the respondents was 17.52 (±0.97) years. The minimum and maximum ages were 15 and 19 years, respectively. The prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt was 22.5% and 16.2%, respectively. School absenteeism [AOR 4.30, 95% CI (2.03, 9.10)] and poor social support [AOR 5.58, 95% CI (2.25, 13.84)] were positively associated with suicide ideation. Poor social support [AOR 4.55, 95% CI (1.40, 14.77)] and being physically hurt [AOR 4.25, 95% CI (1.77, 10.20)] were positively associated with suicide attempt. Unlike previous studies of adolescents in low-income countries, we find no association between gender or alcohol use and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Conclusion This study revealed that at least one in five of the adolescents in our sample had experienced suicide ideation and one in six had attempted suicide. School absenteeism, poor social support, and experience of violence were identified as independent contributors to suicide ideation and attempt. These findings suggest a need for education policymakers to implement school-based behavioral therapy programs in collaboration with health institutions and programs to provide social support for vulnerable students.
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Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Bantjes J, Benjet C, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, Hasking P, Nock MK, O’Neill S, Pinder-Amaker S, Sampson NA, Vilagut G, Zaslavsky AM, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC. Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among First-Year College Students: Results From the WMH-ICS Project. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:263-273.e1. [PMID: 29588052 PMCID: PMC6444360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College entrance may be a strategically well-placed "point of capture" for detecting late adolescents with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). However, a clear epidemiological picture of STB among incoming college students is lacking. We present the first cross-national data on prevalence as well as socio-demographic and college-related correlates for STB among first-year college students. METHOD Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students (response rate 45.5%) across 19 colleges in 8 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, and the United States). RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was 32.7%, 17.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. The 12-month prevalence was 17.2%, 8.8%, and 1.0%, respectively. About three-fourths of STB cases had onset before the age of 16 years (Q3 = 15.8), with persistence figures in the range of 41% to 53%. About one-half (53.4%) of lifetime ideators transitioned to a suicide plan; 22.1% of lifetime planners transitioned to an attempt. Attempts among lifetime ideators without plan were less frequent (3.1%). Significant correlates of lifetime STB were cross-nationally consistent and generally modest in effect size (median adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7). Nonheterosexual orientation (aOR range 3.3-7.9) and heterosexual orientation with some same-sex attraction (aOR range 1.9-2.3) were the strongest correlates of STB, and of transitioning from ideation to plans and/or attempts (aOR range 1.6-6.1). CONCLUSION The distribution of STB in first-year students is widespread, and relatively independent of socio-demographic risk profile. Multivariate risk algorithms based on a high number of risk factors are indicated to efficiently link high-risk status with effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephanie Pinder-Amaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kim S, Kim H, Lee H, Lee H, Noh D. Effectiveness of a brief stress management intervention in male college students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:88-94. [PMID: 28144988 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of a brief stress management intervention on depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and aggression among Korean male college students. DESIGN AND METHODS In a repeated measures design, participants were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Data of 40 experimental and 32 control participants were analyzed using linear mixed models. FINDINGS There were significant time-by-group interaction effects for depression and trait anxiety, but not for state anxiety, suicidal ideation, and aggression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The intervention has long-term effects for depression and trait anxiety. Future research should involve a randomized controlled trial on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunlye Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunhwa Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dabok Noh
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Suh S, Ryu H, Chu C, Hom M, Rogers ML, Joiner T. Validation of the Korean Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:577-584. [PMID: 29042882 PMCID: PMC5639125 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to validate a Korean version of the self-report Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS). METHODS 553 South Korean undergraduate students (aged 18-34 years, 74.8% females) completed questionnaires. Participants completed Korean versions of the self-report Depressive Symptom Inventory-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), and a measure of suicide-related symptom history. RESULTS Results indicated that the DSI-SS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=0.93) and strong convergent validity with the BDI (r=0.57, p<0.01), ISI (r=0.27, p<0.01), and BSS (r=0.70, p<0.01). DSI-SS scores also significantly differentiated between those reporting a history of suicide attempts compared to non-suicide attempters [t (38.80)=-3.28, p<0.05]. CONCLUSION Given the brevity of this measure, and evidence for its validity, the Korean version of the DSI-SS may be particularly promising for clinical and empirical use as a screening tool among South Korean undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hyera Ryu
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol Chu
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Hom
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Megan L. Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Suh S, Ebesutani CK, Hagan CR, Rogers ML, Hom MA, Ringer FB, Bernert RA, Kim S, Joiner TE. Cross-cultural relevance of the Interpersonal Theory of suicide across Korean and U.S. undergraduate students. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:244-252. [PMID: 28214784 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the cross-cultural relevance and validity of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) utilizing young adult samples from South Korea (n =554) and the United States (U.S.; n =390). To examine the ITS, all participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Capability for Suicide. We examined whether each construct significantly predicted the severity of suicidal risk in both samples. We also determined whether the strength of the effects of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness on suicidal ideation differed between the two samples due to the greater degree of importance placed on interpersonal relationships in collectivistic cultures such as South Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to examine these hypotheses. Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Capability for Suicide significantly predicted elevated suicidal risk. However, there were no significant differences in the paths from Thwarted Belongingness or Perceived Burdensomeness to suicide risk between the South Korean and U.S. SAMPLES These findings support the cross-cultural relevance and applicability of the ITS, whereby Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness serve as indicators of suicide risk in both Western (U.S.) and East Asian (Korean) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chad K Ebesutani
- Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Melanie A Hom
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Fallon B Ringer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Bernert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Peltzer K, Yi S, Pengpid S. Suicidal behaviors and associated factors among university students in six countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 26:32-38. [PMID: 28483087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A large data gap remains on suicidal behaviors among youth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, despite the increasing rates of suicide in Asian cultures that may be related to rapid economic changes and the loss of social stability. This study was therefore conducted to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in six ASEAN member states. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 4675 undergraduate university students, mean age 20.6 years (SD=2.7), range of 18-30 years, from Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The overall prevalence of ever suicidal ideation and ever suicide attempt among students in this study was 11.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Different rates of these suicidal behaviors were observed across the countries. In multivariable logistic regression models, suicidal ideation was significantly associated with psychosocial factors including childhood sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, involvement in physical fights, and poor academic performance as well as socio-environmental factors including living with parents or guardians and low involvement in organized religious activity. Suicide attempt was significantly associated with childhood sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, low involvement in organized religious activity and being underweight or overweight. Our findings suggest that individual-level strategies for suicide prevention should be targeted toward students with poor academic performance, mental health problems and a history of adverse childhood experiences. Particular attention should be paid to the role of families that could be a potential stressor in the lives of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Siyan Yi
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, United States
| | - Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
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Abdollahi A, Talib MA, Yaacob SN, Ismail Z. Problem-Solving Skills and Suicidal Ideation Among Malaysian College Students: the Mediating Role of Hopelessness. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2016; 40:261-267. [PMID: 26122352 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation has increased among Malaysian college students over the past two decades; therefore, it is essential to increase our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among Malaysian college students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among Malaysian college students. METHODS The participants included 500 undergraduate students from two Malaysian public universities who completed the self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Structural equation modeling estimated that college students with poor problem-solving confidence, external personal control of emotion, and avoiding style were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between problem-solving skills and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION These findings reinforce the importance of poor problem-solving skills and hopelessness as risk factors for suicidal ideation among college students.
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Park S, Choi KH, Oh Y, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Lee CT, Lee KU. Clinical Characteristics of the Suicide Attempters Who Refused to Participate in a Suicide Prevention Case Management Program. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1490-5. [PMID: 26425048 PMCID: PMC4575940 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.10.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Case management interventions for suicide attempters aimed at helping adjust their social life to prevent reattempts have high nonparticipation and dropout rates. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the group who refused to participate in the suicide prevention program in Korea. A total of 489 patients with a suicide attempt who visited Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, from December 2009 to December 2013 were analyzed. All patients were divided into the participation group (n = 262) and the refusal group (n = 227) according to their participation in the case management program. Demographic and clinical characteristics of each group were examined. Results showed that the refusal group had low risks for suicide in terms of risk factors related with psychopathologies and presenting suicide behavior. That is, the refusal group had less patients with co-morbid medical illnesses and more patients with mild severity of depression compared to the participation group. However, the refusal group had more interpersonal conflict, more isolation of social integrity, and more impaired insight about suicide attempt. The results suggest that nonparticipation in the case management program may depend upon the patient's impaired insight about the riskiness of suicide and lack of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Tai Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abdollahi A, Talib MA, Yaacob SN, Ismail Z. Problem-solving skills appraisal mediates hardiness and suicidal ideation among malaysian undergraduate students. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122222. [PMID: 25830229 PMCID: PMC4382337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is increased among university students, it is essential to increase our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among university students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills appraisal, hardiness, and suicidal ideation among university students. In addition, this study was conducted to examine problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) as a potential mediator between hardiness and suicidal ideation. METHODS The participants consisted of 500 undergraduate students from Malaysian public universities. RESULTS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) estimated that undergraduate students with lower hardiness, poor problem-solving confidence, external personal control of emotion, and avoiding style was associated with higher suicidal ideation. Problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) partially mediated the relationship between hardiness and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION These findings underline the importance of studying mediating processes that explain how hardiness affects suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abdollahi
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Yaacob
- Family, Adolescent and Child Research Center of Excellent (FACE), Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Ismail
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Screening for Suicide Risk in the College Population. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-014-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li ZZ, Li YM, Lei XY, Zhang D, Liu L, Tang SY, Chen L. Prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104368. [PMID: 25285890 PMCID: PMC4186746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 1 million people worldwide commit suicide each year, and college students with suicidal ideation are at high risk of suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in college students has been estimated extensively, but quantitative syntheses of overall prevalence are scarce, especially in China. Accurate estimates of prevalence are important for making public policy. In this paper, we aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. Objective and Methods Databases including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wangfang (Chinese database) and Weipu (Chinese database) were systematically reviewed to identify articles published between 2004 to July 2013, in either English or Chinese, reporting prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students. The strategy also included a secondary search of reference lists of records retrieved from databases. Then the prevalence estimates were summarized using a random effects model. The effects of moderator variables on the prevalence estimates were assessed using a meta-regression model. Results A total of 41 studies involving 160339 college students were identified, and the prevalence ranged from 1.24% to 26.00%. The overall pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students was 10.72% (95%CI: 8.41% to 13.28%). We noted substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence of suicidal ideation in females is higher than in males. Conclusions The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students is relatively high, although the suicide rate is lower compared with the entire society, suggesting the need for local surveys to inform the development of health services for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Zhan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ming Li
- Department of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xian-Yang Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Department of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Choi KH, Wang SM, Yeon B, Suh SY, Oh Y, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Lee CT, Lee KU. Risk and protective factors predicting multiple suicide attempts. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:957-61. [PMID: 24207008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared demographical and clinical variables between first and multiple suicide attempters and investigated risk and protective factors predicting multiple attempts. 228 patients visiting emergency department after attempting suicide were divided into two groups: first attempter (n=148, 64.9%) and multiple attempter (n=80, 35.1%). Demographic variables, clinical characteristics, factors related with suicide behavior, and psychiatric resources between two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate risk and protective factors predicting multiple attempts. The results showed that multiple attempters were younger, not married, more severe in psychopathology (e.g., psychiatric disorder, personality disorder, lower function, and suicide family history) and suicidality (e.g., repetitive/severe/continuous suicide ideation), and lower in psychiatric resources (e.g., interpersonal stress/conflict, conflicting interpersonal relationship, socially isolated, lower personal achievement, and lower ability to control emotion) than first attempters. Suicide ideation severity and conflicting interpersonal relationships predicted multiple suicide attempts, whereas past year's highest global functioning score and age over 45 protected against multiple suicide attempts. This study demonstrated that multiple suicide attempters have more severe clinical profile than first suicide attempters. Moreover, decreasing severity of suicide ideation, improving interpersonal relationships, and enhancing functioning level of suicide attempters might be important in preventing them from re-attempting suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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Nyer M, Holt DJ, Pedrelli P, Fava M, Ameral V, Cassiello CF, Nock MK, Ross M, Hutchinson D, Farabaugh A. Factors that distinguish college students with depressive symptoms with and without suicidal thoughts. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2013; 25:41-9. [PMID: 23376869 PMCID: PMC3791316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide among college students is a significant public health concern. Although suicidality is linked to depression, not all depressed college students experience suicidal ideation (SI). The primary aim of this study was to determine potential factors that may distinguish college students with depressive symptoms with and without SI. METHODS A total of 287 undergraduate college students with substantial depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] total score >13) with and without SI were compared across psychiatric and functional outcome variables. Independent sample t tests were conducted for each outcome variable using the suicide item of the BDI as a dichotomous (ie, zero vs nonzero score) grouping variable. RESULTS Relative to students with substantial depressive symptoms without SI, those with SI were more symptomatic overall, having significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and anxiety. However, contrary to our expectations, nonsuicidal and suicidal students did not differ on measures of everyday functioning (ie, cognitive and physical functioning and grade point average). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SI among college students is associated with increased subjective distress but may not adversely impact physical or cognitive functioning or academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Nyer
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Kweon YS, Hwang S, Yeon B, Choi KH, Oh Y, Lee HK, Lee CT, Lee KU. Characteristics of drug overdose in young suicide attempters. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 10:180-4. [PMID: 23430317 PMCID: PMC3569162 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2012.10.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Few studies have focused on the characteristic features of drug overdose in children and adolescents who have attempted suicide in Korea. The present study examined the characteristics of drug overdose in children and adolescents who visited the emergency room following drug ingestion for a suicide attempt. Methods The medical records of 28 patients who were treated in the emergency room following a drug overdose from January 2008 to March 2011 were analyzed. Demographic and clinical variables related to the suicide attempts were examined. Results The mean age of the patients was 16.6±1.7 years (range 11-19 years), and 20 of the patients (71.4%) were female. Most of the patients (n=23, 82.1%) overdosed on a single drug; acetaminophen-containing analgesics were the most common (n=12, 42.9%). Depression was the most common psychiatric disorder (n=22, 78.6%), and interpersonal conflict was the most common precipitating factor of the suicide attempts (n=11, 39.3%). This was the first suicide attempt for approximately 80% of the patients. About one fourth of the patients (n=7, 25%) had follow-up visits at the psychiatric outpatient clinic. Conclusion Early screening and psychiatric intervention for depression may be an important factor in preventing childhood and adolescent suicide attempts. Developing coping strategies to manage interpersonal conflicts may also be helpful. Moreover, policies restricting the amount and kind of drugs purchased by teenagers may be necessary to prevent drug overdose in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Joo HJ, Yeon B, Lee KU. The impact of personality traits on emotional responses to interpersonal stress. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 10:54-8. [PMID: 23430063 PMCID: PMC3569159 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2012.10.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of personality traits on emotional responses to interpersonal stress. Methods Thirty-two healthy college students (18 men, 14 women; age 25.2±2.7 years) participated in the study. Mood and anxiety were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Personality traits were assessed with the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM). The subjective emotional responses of participants to different (i.e., negative, neutral, and positive) interpersonal feedback were measured. Results Subject responses were positive to positive interpersonal feedback and negative to negative interpersonal feedback. The IPSM fragile inner self subscore was negatively correlated with the subjective emotional ratings in response to interpersonal feedback. No correlation was found between validation measures (i.e., the degree of attention in the task and task difficulty) and subjective emotional responses. Conclusions Taken together, emotional responses to interpersonal stress may be modulated by personality traits and may impact health and psychological outcomes. Therefore, proper screening and stress management programs that focus on personality traits may improve the mental health of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Joo
- The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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An epidemiologic and clinical overview of medical and psychopathological comorbidities in major psychoses. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 261:489-508. [PMID: 21331479 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of comorbidity in major psychoses (e.g., schizophrenia and psychotic subtypes of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder) seems to be the rule rather than the exception in both DSM-IV and ICD-10. Examining comorbidity in major psychoses, however, requires an investigation into the different levels of comorbidity (either full-blown and subsyndromal) which should be analyzed in both psychopathological and medical fields. On one hand, the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in major psychoses may be the result of the current nosographic systems. On the other hand, it may stem from a common neurobiological substrate. In fact, comorbid psychopathological conditions may share a biological vulnerability, given that dysfunction in specific brain areas may be responsible for different symptoms and syndromes. The high rates of comorbidity in major psychoses require targeted pharmacological treatments in order to effectively act on both the primary diagnosis and comorbid conditions. Nevertheless, few controlled trials in comorbid major psychoses had been carried out and treatment recommendations in this field have mostly an empirical basis. The aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview in relation to epidemiological and clinical issues of comorbidity in major psychoses.
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