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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tsai CL, Chu CM, Lane HY, Chen SL, Tu CH, Ma WF. The Comparison of Lifestyles, Mental Risks, and Physical Indices among Individuals with Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis, Patients with Schizophrenia, and the General Public. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:395. [PMID: 38785886 PMCID: PMC11118771 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Early interventions may effectively reduce the risk of mental disorders in individuals with ultra-high risk. Specifying the health needs of individuals with ultra-high risk is crucial before the implementation of successful early intervention. This study aimed to explore the differences in lifestyles, mental risks, and physical indices among individuals with ultra-high risk, patients with schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: A cross-section design applying seven questionnaires with physical examinations for 144 participants aged 13-45 years old was conducted in this study. The questionnaires included one about personal data, four on mental risks, and two for lifestyles. (3) Results: The individuals with ultra-high risk scored similarly in many dimensions as the patients with schizophrenia, but they displayed lower positive symptoms, lower negative symptoms, lower prodromal symptoms, higher interpersonal deficits, lower nutrition intake, and higher levels of exercise than the patients with schizophrenia. Female individuals with ultra-high risk had lower self-esteem, higher positive symptoms, lower nutrition intake, and higher exercise levels than male ones. (4) Conclusions: The study pinpointed specific health needs with interpersonal deficits, nutrition intake, and physical activity for the individuals with ultra-high risk. Future interventions targeted on improving social function, dietary pattern, and exercise will be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lun Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, BIOZOE Co., Ltd., Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Big Data Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shiah-Lian Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 403, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Fen Ma
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Khekade H, Potdukhe A, Taksande AB, Wanjari MB, Yelne S. Preconception Care: A Strategic Intervention for the Prevention of Neonatal and Birth Disorders. Cureus 2023; 15:e41141. [PMID: 37519532 PMCID: PMC10386873 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preconception care is a strategic intervention to improve neonatal and birth outcomes by addressing modifiable risk factors and optimizing maternal and fetal health before pregnancy. This review article examines the importance of preconception care and its impact on preventing neonatal and birth disorders. The methodology involved a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles, research studies, and authoritative reports. Key components of preconception care, evidence-based interventions, and their effectiveness in reducing specific neonatal and birth disorders are discussed. The review also highlights the challenges and barriers in implementing preconception care, such as lack of awareness, socioeconomic factors, health system limitations, and policy considerations. Strategies for promoting preconception care, including integration into healthcare systems, raising awareness, healthcare professional education, and collaborations are presented. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of preconception care as a strategic intervention and calls for action by healthcare providers, policymakers, and individuals to prioritize preconception care for better neonatal and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Khekade
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashwini Potdukhe
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Avinash B Taksande
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Seema Yelne
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Sahu NN, Gawai J. A Dress Rehearsal for Assessment of Potency of Primordial Prevention for Reduction of Pandemic Stress Among Preadolescents. Cureus 2023; 15:e41173. [PMID: 37525795 PMCID: PMC10387182 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress can have a significant impact on the mental health of both adults and children. Adolescents, in particular, are a vulnerable group, and the stress brought on by the pandemic may impact their prospects. This study serves as a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of primordial prevention in mitigating pandemic-related stress among preadolescents. Aim and objective To perform a dress rehearsal to assess the effectiveness of primary prevention strategies in mitigating pandemic-related stress among preadolescents, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in its English version was employed to measure the magnitude of stress experienced by the participants. Material and methods The study comprised a total of 100 preadolescent students who attended school in two distinct sections of Maharashtra, India. Each group consisted of 50 students initially, but after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of students in each group was reduced to 35. The preadolescents in the experimental group underwent a pre-test using the PSS. Following this, they received training in a specific intervention that focused on five exercises related to positive psychology, namely, values and beliefs, self-compassion, knowing one's character strengths, and expressing gratitude. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any intervention. A post-test was conducted using the PSS checklist, and the scores were evaluated on the seventh day following the intervention. Results The preadolescents attending school had an average age of 12.5 years and were enrolled in the 7th and 8th grades. In the experimental group, most students identified as Hindus (30 individuals, accounting for 85.7% of the group), while a smaller portion identified as Buddhists (five individuals, making up 14.3%). In the control group, 25 students (71.4%) identified as Hindus, nine (25.7%) identified as Buddhists, and only one (2.9%) identified as Muslim. During the pre-test, 30 students (85.7%) from the experimental group and 28 (80%) from the control group exhibited moderate stress levels. Following the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the PSS scores from the pre-test to the seventh day. Specifically, in the experimental group, only eight individuals (22.9%) reported experiencing moderate stress; in the control group, the number was 28 (80%). The X2 value was calculated to be 22.88, with a level of significance set at p=0.0001. Conclusion Our dress rehearsal demonstrated the effectiveness of primordial prevention in mitigating pandemic-induced stress among preadolescent students attending schools in Maharashtra. The intervention employed five exercises rooted in positive psychology: emphasizing values and beliefs, cultivating self-compassion, fostering self-awareness of character strengths, and practicing gratitude. These interventions offer promising avenues for addressing stress among preadolescents in an educational setting. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is necessary to validate the effectiveness of these primordial preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupam N Sahu
- Child Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Jaya Gawai
- Mental Health Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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Adu J, Oudshoorn A, Anderson K, Marshall CA, Stuart H. Experiences of familial stigma among individuals living with mental illnesses: A meta-synthesis of qualitative literature from high-income countries. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:208-233. [PMID: 36031879 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental illness stigma has been long acknowledged as a social problem that continues to persist and contribute to social exclusion of affected persons globally. Researchers have explored mental illness stigma in the general public and among health professionals, with little focus on stigma from family members and close relatives of persons with mental illnesses. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study appears to be the first meta-synthesis of familial mental illness stigma in high-income countries. Family members or close relatives of persons with mental illnesses may be perpetrators of stigma. That is, the family may enact stigma of mental illness against their relative to "save face" or by avoiding or narrowing their social contacts. Familial stigma is harmful due to the likely disaffection it brings within one's home environment. Familial mental stigma from the existing literature seems to be a by-product of public stigma and stigma by association WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Further research is necessary to look at the existence of familial mental illness stigma as well as available policies to reduce its impact on affected individuals in high-income countries. Researchers in high-income countries should endeavour to examine the relationship between familial, public and associative stigma to establish baseline metrics to inform future anti-stigma programs seeking to reduce familial mental illness stigma. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Familial mental illness stigma is a pervasive issue but very subtle in high-income countries. Familial mental illness stigma implies persons living with mental illnesses are discriminated against by their family members or close relatives. AIM/QUESTION This meta-synthesis explored the experiences of familial stigma among individuals living with mental illnesses in high-income countries, focusing on empirical literature, to understand the breadth of current literature and ways to reduce this form of stigma. METHOD We conducted a meta-synthesis through a structured search of qualitative data from six electronic databases (Sociological Abstract, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Embase). Inclusion criteria comprised: empirical primary research, primary technique for data collection is qualitative, studies published in a peer-reviewed journal in the English language between 2000 and 2020, studies reported on experiences of familial mental illness stigma, and studies conducted in high-income countries. The exclusion criteria were as follows: all grey literature, studies not written in English and non-peer-reviewed, studies not focused on familial mental illness stigma, quantitative peer-reviewed articles on the related concept and peer-reviewed articles on the related topic before the year 2000. RESULTS The study identified only 28 peer-reviewed articles on the topic within two decades. Concealment of familial stigma was found to be detrimental due to the potential for alienation within one's home environment. Disclosure and social contact within the family system were considered as critical interventions to provide some safety nets for individuals with mental illnesses. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The paucity of studies over the review period highlights the need for further attention to support optimal environments for persons living with mental illnesses. Families' understanding of the difficulties of mental illness stigma is vital to supporting the development of policies and interventions towards the avoidance of social exclusion within societies. Families should make concerted efforts to reduce stigma, and this includes within the family system. Education and training approaches around mental illness-related stigma should involve individuals with lived experience and their families, as well as service providers and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Adu
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Elborn College, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abe Oudshoorn
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie Anne Marshall
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and the School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Mavragani A, Tan JHY, Kosasih FR, Sündermann O. Efficacy of the Mental Health App Intellect to Reduce Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 1-Month Follow-up. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40723. [PMID: 36515984 PMCID: PMC9798264 DOI: 10.2196/40723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive stress is a major global health concern, particularly in young adults. Short skills-focused self-guided interventions (SGIs) on smartphones are a scalable way to improve stress-coping skills at the population level. OBJECTIVE In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to examine the possible efficacy of a recently developed stress-coping SGI (Intellect) in improving psychological distress, relative to an active control group and 2 potential moderators of this predicted relationship (ie, psychological mindedness [PM] and coping self-efficacy [CSE]). METHODS University students (N=321) were randomly assigned to either an 8-day SGI on stress-coping or an active control group. Self-reported measures were obtained at baseline, after the intervention, and at the 1-month follow-up. The primary outcome was psychological stress (Psychological Stress Measure-9). Secondary outcomes were anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). PM and CSE were assessed as potential moderators at baseline. RESULTS The final sample (n=264) included 188 (71.2%) female, 66 (25%) male, 7 (2.7%) nonbinary, and 3 (1.1%) others participants with a mean age of 22.5 (SD 5.41) years. The intervention group reported significantly lower perceived stress (partial eta-squared [ηp2]=0.018; P=.03) and anxiety (ηp2=0.019; P=.03) levels after intervention relative to the active control group. The effects on perceived stress levels remained statistically significant at the 1-month follow-up (ηp2=0.015; P=.05). Students with the lowest CSE and highest PM experienced the fastest decline in perceived stress levels (β=6.37, 95% Cl 2.98-9.75). Improvements in anxiety levels were not observed at 1-month follow-up. Similarly, no intervention effects were found for depression levels at postintervention and follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that the Intellect stress-coping SGI is effective in reducing perceived stress and anxiety levels among university students. Mobile health apps are brief, scalable, and can make important contributions to public mental health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04978896; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04978896.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessalin Hui Yan Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen W, Moles R, O'Reilly C, Robinson J, Brand-Eubanks D, Kim A, Collins JC, El-Den S. Observed behaviours and suicide assessment language post-Mental Health First Aid training in Australia and the United States: a mixed methods study using discourse analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:838. [PMID: 36471288 PMCID: PMC9720991 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training teaches participants how to respond to mental health crises, including suicide. Little is known about the impact of training on participants' observed MHFA behaviours. This exploratory study aimed to compare MHFA-trained Australian and US student pharmacists' performance and suicide assessment language during simulated patient role-play (SPRP) assessments. METHODS Student pharmacists (n = 265) completed MHFA training and participated (n = 81) in SPRPs with simulated patients (SP) who were people with lived experience of mental illness. Each SPRP was marked by three raters (student, tutor and SP). One-way ANOVA, chi-squared tests and independent samples t-tests were used to compare scores and pass/fail rates, where appropriate. Transcribed audio-recordings of suicide assessments underwent discourse analysis. A chi-squared test was conducted to investigate the differences in how suicide assessment language was coded across six discursive frames ('confident'/'timid', 'empathetic'/'apathetic', and 'direct'/'indirect'). RESULTS Three raters assessed 81 SPRPs, resulting in quantitative analysis of 243 rubrics. There were no significant differences between student pharmacists' mean scores and pass/fail rates across countries. Overall, both cohorts across Australia and the US performed better during the mania scenario, with a low failure rate of 13.9 and 19.0%, respectively. Most students in both countries passed their SPRP assessment; however, 27.8% did not assess for suicide or used indirect language during suicide assessment, despite completing MHFA training. Australian student pharmacists demonstrated, more direct language (76.9% versus 67.9%) and empathy (42.3% versus 32.1%) but less confidence (57.7% versus 60.7%) compared to US student pharmacists, during their suicide assessment; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate most MHFA-trained student pharmacists from Australia and the US can provide MHFA during SPRPs, as well as assess for suicide directly, empathetically and confidently. This exploratory study demonstrates the importance of practicing skills post-training and the need for further research exploring participants' hesitance to assess for suicide, despite training completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nguyen
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekah Moles
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire O'Reilly
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Damianne Brand-Eubanks
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Anne Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jack C Collins
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Ortiz D, Perkins AJ, Fuchita M, Gao S, Holler E, Meagher AD, Mohanty S, French DD, Lasiter S, Khan B, Boustani M, Zarzaur B. Pre-Existing Anxiety and Depression in Injured Older Adults: An Under-Recognized Comorbidity With Major Health Implications. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e217. [PMID: 36590891 PMCID: PMC9780044 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare differences in baseline depression and anxiety screenings between older injured patients with pre-existing diagnoses and those without. Background Little is known about the prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities on early postinjury depression and anxiety in nonneurologically injured older adults. Methods This was a retrospective post-hoc analysis of data from the Trauma Medical Home, a multicenter randomized controlled trial (R01AG052493-01A1) that explored the effect of a collaborative care model on postinjury recovery for older adults compared to usual care. Results Nearly half of the patients screened positive for at least mild depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Forty-one percent of the patients screened positive for at least mild anxiety symptoms as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Female patients with a history of concurrent anxiety and depression, greater injury severity scores, and higher Charlson scores were more likely to have mild anxiety at baseline assessment. Patients with a history of depression only, a prior history of depression and concurrent anxiety, and higher Charlson scores (greater medical comorbidity) had greater odds of at least mild depression at the time of hospital discharge after traumatic injury. Conclusions Anxiety and depression are prevalent in the older adult trauma population, and affect women disproportionately. A dual diagnosis of depression and anxiety is particularly morbid. Mental illness must be considered and addressed with the same importance as other medical diagnoses in patients with injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Ortiz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital Smith Level One Trauma Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anthony J Perkins
- Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Center for Translational Science and Innovation, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mikita Fuchita
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Center for Translational Science and Innovation, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emma Holler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Ashley D Meagher
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Health, Methodist Hospital Level One Trauma Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sanjay Mohanty
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Health, Methodist Hospital Level One Trauma Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dustin D French
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, IL
| | - Sue Lasiter
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Health Sciences District, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
| | - Babar Khan
- Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital Smith Level One Trauma Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Center for Translational Science and Innovation, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Malaz Boustani
- Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Center for Translational Science and Innovation, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ben Zarzaur
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI
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Singh V, Kumar A, Gupta S. Mental Health Prevention and Promotion-A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898009. [PMID: 35958637 PMCID: PMC9360426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extant literature has established the effectiveness of various mental health promotion and prevention strategies, including novel interventions. However, comprehensive literature encompassing all these aspects and challenges and opportunities in implementing such interventions in different settings is still lacking. Therefore, in the current review, we aimed to synthesize existing literature on various mental health promotion and prevention interventions and their effectiveness. Additionally, we intend to highlight various novel approaches to mental health care and their implications across different resource settings and provide future directions. The review highlights the (1) concept of preventive psychiatry, including various mental health promotions and prevention approaches, (2) current level of evidence of various mental health preventive interventions, including the novel interventions, and (3) challenges and opportunities in implementing concepts of preventive psychiatry and related interventions across the settings. Although preventive psychiatry is a well-known concept, it is a poorly utilized public health strategy to address the population's mental health needs. It has wide-ranging implications for the wellbeing of society and individuals, including those suffering from chronic medical problems. The researchers and policymakers are increasingly realizing the potential of preventive psychiatry; however, its implementation is poor in low-resource settings. Utilizing novel interventions, such as mobile-and-internet-based interventions and blended and stepped-care models of care can address the vast mental health need of the population. Additionally, it provides mental health services in a less-stigmatizing and easily accessible, and flexible manner. Furthermore, employing decision support systems/algorithms for patient management and personalized care and utilizing the digital platform for the non-specialists' training in mental health care are valuable additions to the existing mental health support system. However, more research concerning this is required worldwide, especially in the low-and-middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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10
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Adu J, Oudshoorn A, Anderson K, Marshall CA, Stuart H. Social Contact: Next Steps in an Effective Strategy to Mitigate the Stigma of Mental Illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:485-488. [PMID: 34652979 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1986757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
People living with mental illnesses and their families may conceal their conditions to avoid prejudice and discrimination. Stigma often prevents people from receiving adequate health care and other social support services which could exacerbate social and health consequences such as unemployment, homelessness, substance use, and compulsory hospitalization. In this paper, we discuss social contact as a promising anti-stigma strategy for enhancing social interactions among people with mental illnesses, their families, and those without mental illnesses. In particularly, we consider next steps for an approach that works to reduce the stigma-related burden of mental illness. For social contact to be effective in reducing mental illness stigma, it requires broad social buy-in as well as implementation within care systems. Engagement with this approach can be driven through diverse contact-based education using collaborative efforts of society, academic institutions, policy-makers, health professionals, media, and governments. Ultimately, this work aims to consider the next steps in enacting social contact as an anti-stigma strategy through direct interventions and contact-based education. The success of this approach requires pragmatic public policies to support its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Adu
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Elborn College, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abe Oudshoorn
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie Anne Marshall
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and the School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Martínez Rodríguez DL, González Vázquez T, Márquez Serrano M, de Groot M, Fernandez A, Gonzalez Casanova I. A Window Into Mental Health: Developing and Pilot-Testing a Mental Health Promotion Intervention for Mexican Immigrants Through the Ventanilla de Salud Program. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877465. [PMID: 35493364 PMCID: PMC9051334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mexican immigrants in the United States face mental health challenges, disparities, and limited access to healthcare; however, mental health promotion efforts specifically targeting this population have been insufficient. The objective of this study was to develop and test a mental health promotion intervention based on protective mental health factors and coping strategies for Mexican immigrants recruited through a free, consulate-based program in Atlanta. Material and Methods Working with the Ventanilla de Salud program, we conducted a longitudinal study in three phases: formative research and design, pre-intervention assessment and post-implementation evaluation. The intervention was designed based on the health promotion model and interviews with stakeholders. Qualitative information was collected by semi-structured interviews with participants before and after the intervention. Quantitative outcomes were knowledge about protective factors and coping mechanisms, and psychosocial distress. Differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon non-parametrical test. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted with all participants who signed the informed consent (carrying last observation forward), and a complete case analysis was conducted with those who attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the post- implementation evaluation. Results Twenty-five participants were enrolled in the intervention. Mean age was 38 years, and the majority were women. Only nine participants attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the final evaluation. Men, those who did not complete high school, and workers in service or construction jobs were more likely to drop out. Knowledge about protective factors [pre- vs. post-intervention median (inter-quartile range) = 111 (100, 120) vs. 115 (100, 124)] and coping mechanisms [96 (85, 104) vs. 99 (90, 110)], as well as psychosocial distress [3 (2, 3) vs. 2 (2, 3)] improved after the intervention in both intent-to treat and complete case analyses (p < 0.05). Qualitative results also support improvements in targeted protective factors. Discussion The intervention was successful in improving psychological distress among Mexican immigrants. These results support the implementation of evidence-based mental health promotion interventions among Mexican immigrants via free and familiar programs. A limitation was the high attrition; future studies should explore approaches to improve retention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Lilian Martínez Rodríguez
- School of Public Health of Mexico, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Oaxaca Health Services, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh González Vázquez
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Tonatiuh González Vázquez
| | | | - Mary de Groot
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ines Gonzalez Casanova
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Hubert Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Ines Gonzalez Casanova
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12
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Rabheru K. Mental Health Promotion and Risk Reduction Strategies for Mental Disorders in Older Persons: Why Should Governments and Policymakers Care?: Стратегии улучшения психического здоровья и снижения риска развития психических расстройств у пожилых людей: почему об этом должно позаботиться государство? CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:22-28. [PMID: 39045362 PMCID: PMC11262092 DOI: 10.17816/cp149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no health without mental health. These are both indispensable human rights and are prerequisite to living one's life with dignity. Unfortunately, mental health systems have been in crisis, with burden of mental illness being among the ten leading healthcare-related issues worldwide, with no measurable reduction in such for over 30 years. Concurrently, the demographic clock continues to tick. Toady's 703 million people aged 65 or older are projected to reach 1.5 billion by the year 2050. Of these, 20% will suffer with serious mental health conditions. At the heart of the global crisis for older people is ageism, frequently intersecting with ableism, mentalism, sexism, and racism. These biases result in the violation of older peoples' human rights every day, with the resultant poor quality of life and premature death. They are compounded by major gaps in legislation, policies, and practices, rendering the central transformative promise of the UN's 2030 Agenda to "Leave No One Behind" a very elusive goal. Evidence-based interventions designed to prevent or reduce the risk of common mental health conditions and psychosocial disability are already available. All governments and policymakers have a major role to play in the promotion of good mental health and the prevention of mental illness by integrating these into public health and general social policy. This requires adopting, implementing, and scaling up of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions to reduce the risk of the development of mental disorders and providing access to adequate treatment when needed for older persons. All governments and policymakers also have a pivotal role to play in leading and supporting a UN convention on the human rights of older people. A UN convention would help combat ageism at the national and international levels by ensuring integration of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to effectively implement policies and laws that could address discrimination, inequity, and the protection of human rights of older people, including their mental health.
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13
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Evers AG, Murrough JW, Charney DS, Costi S. Ketamine as a prophylactic resilience-enhancing agent. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833259. [PMID: 35966469 PMCID: PMC9365980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is one of the greatest risk factors for psychiatric illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Enhancing stress resilience could potentially protect against the development of stress-induced psychiatric disorders, yet no resilience-enhancing pharmaceuticals have been developed to date. This review serves to consider the existing evidence for a potential pro-resilience effect of ketamine in rodents as well as the preliminary evidence of ketamine as a prophylactic treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) in humans. Several animal studies have demonstrated that ketamine administered 1 week prior to a stressor (e.g., chronic social defeat and learned helplessness) may protect against depressive-like behavior. A similar protective effect has been demonstrated against PTSD-like behavior following Contextual Fear Conditioning (CFC). Recent work has sought to explore if the administration of ketamine prevented the development of postpartum depression (PPD) in humans. Researchers administered ketamine immediately following caesarian-section and found a significantly reduced prevalence of PPD in the ketamine-treated groups compared to the control groups. Utilizing ketamine as a resilience-enhancing treatment may have unique applications, including leading to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological mechanism underlying resilience. Future trials aiming to translate and replicate these findings with humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G Evers
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara Costi
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory (PERL), Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Lindow M, Kjellin L, Engström I, Pelto-Piri V. Strategies for the Prevention of Violence in Institutional Care: A Qualitative Interview Study With Ward Managers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853260. [PMID: 35463501 PMCID: PMC9024355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of violence within psychiatric and residential settings remains a challenge. Research on this problem has often focused on describing violence prevention strategies from either staffs' or service users' perspectives, and the views of ward managers has been largely overlooked. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify ward managers' strategies to prevent violence in institutional care, focusing on safety and values. METHODS Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 12 ward managers who headed four different types of psychiatric wards and two special residential homes for adolescents. Qualitative content analysis was applied, first using a deductive approach, in which quotes were selected within a frame of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, then by coding using an inductive approach to create themes and subthemes. RESULTS Ward managers' strategies were divided into the four following themes: (1) Balancing being an active manager with relying on staff's abilities to carry out their work properly while staying mostly in the background; (2) Promoting value awareness and non-coercive practices in encounters with service users by promoting key values and adopting de-escalation techniques, as well as focusing on staff-service user relationships; (3) Acknowledging and strengthening staff's abilities and competence by viewing and treating staff as a critical resource for good care; and (4) Providing information and support to staff by exchanging information and debriefing them after violent incidents. CONCLUSIONS Ward managers described ethical challenges surrounding violence and coercive measures. These were often described as practical problems, so there seems to be a need for a development of higher ethical awareness based on a common understanding regarding central ethical values to be respected in coercive care. The ward managers seem to have a high awareness of de-escalation and the work with secondary prevention, however, there is a need to develop the work with primary and tertiary prevention. The service user group or user organizations were not considered as resources in violence prevention, so there is a need to ensure that all stakeholders are active in the process of creating violence prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindow
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Kjellin
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Engström
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Veikko Pelto-Piri
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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15
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Wang L, Yan J, Zhang M, Lv P, Guan Y, Ma C, Huang Z, Zhang T, Chen H. Disability and Comorbidity of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders With Diabetes and Hypertension: Evidences From the China Mental Health Survey and Chronic Disease Surveillance in China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:889823. [PMID: 35669270 PMCID: PMC9163306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The China Mental Health Survey was carried out using the same sampling frame with the China Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance. This paper explores the relationship between the disability and the comorbidity of mood disorders and anxiety disorders with diabetes and hypertension. METHODS A large-scale nationally representative sample with both mental disorders and chronic diseases was collected from 157 Disease Surveillance Points in 31 provinces across China. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained lay interviewers to make diagnoses of mood disorders and anxiety disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diabetes and hypertension were diagnosed from self-report and blood examination or body measurement. Sampling design weights, non-response adjustment weights, and post-stratification adjustment weights were applied during the analyses of comorbidity and disability. RESULTS Totally 15,000 respondents had information of mental disorders and physical diseases. In the patients with mood disorders or anxiety disorders, the weighted prevalence rates of diabetes or hypertension were not higher than those in persons without the above mental disorders, but the weighed disability rates increased when having the comorbidity of hypertension (P < 0.05). The severity of disability was higher among patients with comorbidity of diabetes and anxiety disorders, or hypertension and mood disorders, compared with that among patients without the physical comorbidity (P < 0.05). After adjusted by age, gender and education, patients with comorbidity of mental disorders and physical disorders had the highest disability, followed by the patients with mental disorders only, and physical diseases only. CONCLUSIONS The disability of mood disorders and anxiety disorders comorbid with diabetes and hypertension are more serious than that of any single disease. The relationship of mental and physical diseases is worth exploring in depth for comprehensive and integrated intervention to decrease the disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqi Guan
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjing Huang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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16
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Mat Ruzlin AN, Chen XW, Yunus RM, Samsudin EZ, Selamat MI, Ismail Z. Promoting Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hybrid, Innovative Approach in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:747953. [PMID: 34692630 PMCID: PMC8526842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had monumental effects on the mental health of populations worldwide. Previous research indicated that programs and interventions using social networks can play a positive role in promoting mental health. Nevertheless, current evidence is largely derived from high-income regions, reflecting an urgent need for more studies in low- and middle-income settings. Objectives: This paper aims to (a) describe the potential value of a hybrid health carnival in promoting mental health and increasing access to screening services; (b) assess the level of community engagement with the digital platform. Methods: A mental health carnival was conducted with the theme of “Mind Your Mental Health” (Cakna Kesihatan Mental) in conjunction with the World Mental Health Day in Malaysia. This was a hybrid carnival that combined elements of face-to-face interactions and virtual learning. Free online therapy sessions were offered to high-risk groups identified during the screening process. Social media metrics were utilized to report the levels of community engagement and participants completed pre-and post-assessments to measure the program's impact on their knowledge. Results: The carnival was attended by 515 participants (78.8% virtual participants). Social media metrics reported more than 5,585 reaches on Facebook for all the activities held throughout the event. Results from pre-and post-assessments showed significant improvement in the mean knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This digital approach will continue to evolve by releasing new features and tools as a new frontier for high-risk populations and all individuals seeking mental health support and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Wee Chen
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raudah Mohd Yunus
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ely Zarina Samsudin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ikhsan Selamat
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaliha Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Lawrence EG, Jones N, Greenberg N, Fear NT, Wessely S, Michael G, Taylor-Beirne S, Simms A. Mental well-being interventions in the military: The ten key principles. BMJ Mil Health 2021; 168:179-180. [PMID: 33911012 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Organisations including the United Kingdom Armed Forces should seek to implement mental health interventions to increase the psychological well-being of their workforce. This editorial briefly presents ten key principles that military forces should consider before implementing such interventions. These include job-focused training; evaluating interventions; the use of internal versus external training providers; the role of leaders; unit cohesion, single versus multiple session psychological interventions; not overgeneralising the applicability of interventions; the need for repeated skills practice; raising awareness and the fallibility of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Lawrence
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Jones
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N T Fear
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Wessely
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Michael
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Taylor-Beirne
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Simms
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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18
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Mental Health Interventions to Improve Psychological Outcomes in Informal Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:1414-1426. [PMID: 33826586 PMCID: PMC8373445 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Determine effect of mental health interventions on psychologic outcomes in informal caregivers of critically ill patients.
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19
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Jessiman-Perreault G, Smith PM, Gignac MAM. Why Are Workplace Social Support Programs Not Improving the Mental Health of Canadian Correctional Officers? An Examination of the Theoretical Concepts Underpinning Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052665. [PMID: 33800869 PMCID: PMC7967375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, public safety personnel, including correctional officers, experience high rates of mental health problems. Correctional officers' occupational stress has been characterized as insidious and chronic due to multiple and unpredictable occupational risk factors such as violence, unsupportive colleagues and management, poor prison conditions, and shift work. Given the increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes associated with operational stressors, organizational programs have been developed to provide correctional officers with support to promote mental well-being and to provide mental health interventions that incorporate recovery and reduction in relapse risk. This paper uses two theories, the Job Demand Control Support (JDCS) Model and Social Ecological Model (SEM), to explore why workplace social support programs may not been successful in terms of uptake or effectiveness among correctional officers in Canada. We suggest that structural policy changes implemented in the past 15 years have had unintentional impacts on working conditions that increase correctional officer workload and decrease tangible resources to deal with an increasingly complex prison population. Notably, we believe interpersonal support programs may only have limited success if implemented without addressing the multilevel factors creating conditions of job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-667-7676
| | - Peter M. Smith
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (P.M.S.); (M.A.M.G.)
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1S5, Canada
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20
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Ebenfeld L, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Kleine Stegemann S, Riper H, Funk B, Berking M. Evaluating a Hybrid Web-Based Training Program for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e20829. [PMID: 33661121 PMCID: PMC7974752 DOI: 10.2196/20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies provide evidence for the effectiveness of web-based interventions for panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Smartphone-based technologies hold significant potential for further enhancing the accessibility and efficacy of such interventions. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a guided, hybrid web-based training program based on cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with symptoms of panic disorder. METHODS Participants (N=92) with total scores in the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale ranging from 9 to 28 were recruited from the general population and allocated either to a hybrid intervention (GET.ON Panic) or to a wait-list control group. The primary outcome was the reduction in panic symptoms, as self-assessed using a web-based version of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale. RESULTS Analysis of covariance-based intention-to-treat analyses revealed a significantly stronger decrease in panic symptoms posttreatment (F=9.77; P=.002; Cohen d=0.66; 95% CI 0.24-1.08) in the intervention group than in the wait-list control group. Comparisons between groups of the follow-up measures at 3 and 6 months yielded even stronger effects (3-month follow-up: F=17.40, P<.001, Cohen d=0.89, 95% CI 0.46-1.31; 6-month follow-up: F=14.63, P<.001, Cohen d=0.81, 95% CI 0.38-1.24). CONCLUSIONS Hybrid web-based training programs may help reduce the symptoms of panic disorder and hence play an important role in improving health care for patients with this debilitating disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00005223; https://tinyurl.com/f4zt5ran. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1745-6215-15-427.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Heleen Riper
- GGZ ingeest Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Berking
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Nuremberg-Erlangen, Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Turana Y, Tengkawan J, Chia YC, Shin J, Chen C, Park S, Tsoi K, Buranakitjaroen P, Soenarta AA, Siddique S, Cheng H, Tay JC, Teo BW, Wang T, Kario K. Mental health problems and hypertension in the elderly: Review from the HOPE Asia Network. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:504-512. [PMID: 33283971 PMCID: PMC8029564 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The "triple burden" of aging population, hypertension, and mental health problems making elderly in Asia is more vulnerable. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between mental health and hypertension, which results in lower quality of life, lower rate of treatment adherence, and higher mortality among elderly individuals. It is essential to overcome known barriers and care for the elderly with high-risk factors in order to address these burdens. This review revealed that elderly with hypertension were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. Therefore, debunking myths, creating awareness regarding mental health, and increasing access to mental health resources through holistic community-based programs would greatly reduce such problems and optimize the chances of success in controlling hypertension-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Jeslyn Tengkawan
- School of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Yook C. Chia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Healthcare and Medical SciencesSunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
- Department of Primary Care MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala, LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jinho Shin
- Faculty of Cardiology ServiceHanyang University Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Chen‐Huan Chen
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of CardiologyCardiovascular HospitalYonsei Health SystemSeoulKorea
| | - Kelvin Tsoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Peera Buranakitjaroen
- Division of HypertensionDepartment of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Arieska A. Soenarta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Indonesia‐National Cardiovascular CenterJakartaIndonesia
| | | | - Hao‐Min Cheng
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Evidence‐Based MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Public HealthNational Yang‐Ming University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jam C. Tay
- Department of General MedicineTan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon W. Teo
- Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineSingaporeSingapore
| | - Tzung‐Dau Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
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22
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Effects of the Health-Awareness-Strengthening Lifestyle Program in a Randomized Trial of Young Adults with an At-Risk Mental State. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041959. [PMID: 33670454 PMCID: PMC7922885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing health awareness in health promotion is considered as one of the less stigmatized interventions for improving help-seeking behaviors and total well-being. This study aimed to explore the short-term and long-term effectiveness of the health-awareness-strengthening lifestyle (HASL) program on Taiwanese young adults with at-risk mental state. Methods: A pre- and post-test randomized trial was conducted on 92 young adults with at-risk mental state. The HASL program was provided to the experimental group as intervention, and it was only provided to the control group passively by request after the post-test for ethical reasons. The program was conducted once every six weeks, 60–90 min per session, for a total of three times. Mental health risk, anxiety level, health promotion lifestyles, quality of life, physiological index, and physical exercises were assessed one week before and after the program for both groups and followed up to 6 and 12 months for experimental group only. Results: Compared to the control group, those in the experimental group showed significant improvements regarding anxiety level, health promotion lifestyles, and quality of life one week after participating in the program. Furthermore, the experimental group also showed an additional long-term positive effect on mental risk, physical exercises, and physical health after the follow-ups. Conclusions: The outcomes highlighted the interventions of the HASL program leading to more positive health effects on young adults with at-risk mental state. The implementation of similar clinical service is recommended for young adults with at-risk mental state.
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Ahorsu DK, Sánchez Vidaña DI, Lipardo D, Shah PB, Cruz González P, Shende S, Gurung S, Venkatesan H, Duongthipthewa A, Ansari TQ, Schoeb V. Effect of a peer-led intervention combining mental health promotion with coping-strategy-based workshops on mental health awareness, help-seeking behavior, and wellbeing among university students in Hong Kong. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:6. [PMID: 33422098 PMCID: PMC7796456 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The psychological well-being of university students is an important factor in successfully coping with the demands of academic life. This study aimed to assess the impact of a peer-led intervention of mental health promotion combined with coping-strategy-based group workshops on mental health awareness and help-seeking behavior among university students in Hong Kong. Method A mixed-method concurrent design was used for this study. Quantitative data, based on one-group pretest-posttest design, were collected using Mental Health Knowledge Schedule Questionnaire to assess mental health awareness, and Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Help Questionnaire-Short Form to examine help-seeking behavior of university students from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Qualitative data were collected from written post-activity reflections and focus group discussions which were thematically analyzed. Results A total of 62 university students (mean age: 23.2 ± 5.1 years) were included in this study. Mental health awareness was significantly improved (p = 0.015, 95% Confidence Interval of − 2.670, − 0.297) after program implementation. Help-seeking behavior mean score increased from pretest to posttest, however, no significant difference was observed (p = 0.188, 95% CI = − 1.775, 0.355). Qualitative analysis revealed that the program helped participants learn about coping strategies to help themselves and others with mental health challenges. Conclusions The peer-led intervention provided a positive impact through increased mental health awareness and knowledge of coping strategies on self-help and helping others among university students. Further study could focus on the impact of the program when applied regularly throughout the entire academic year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Donald Lipardo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Parth Bharat Shah
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Pablo Cruz González
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sachin Shende
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shilpa Gurung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Harun Venkatesan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anchalee Duongthipthewa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Talha Qasim Ansari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Veronika Schoeb
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Kočárová R, Horáček J, Carhart-Harris R. Does Psychedelic Therapy Have a Transdiagnostic Action and Prophylactic Potential? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:661233. [PMID: 34349678 PMCID: PMC8327748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing global mental health is a major 21st-century challenge. Current treatments have recognized limitations; in this context, new ones that are prophylactic and effective across diagnostic boundaries would represent a major advance. The view that there exists a core of transdiagnostic overlap between psychiatric disorders has re-emerged in recent years, and evidence that psychedelic therapy holds promise for a range of psychiatric disorders supports the position that it may be transdiagnostically effective. Here, we propose that psychedelic therapy's core, transdiagnostically relevant action lies in its ability to increase neuronal and mental plasticity, thus enhancing the potential for change, which we consider to be a key to its therapeutic benefits. Moreover, we suggest that enhanced plasticity via psychedelics, combined with a psychotherapeutic approach, can aid healthy adaptability and resilience, which are protective factors for long-term well-being. We present candidate neurological and psychological markers of this plasticity and link them with a predictive processing model of the action of psychedelics. We propose that a model of psychedelic-induced plasticity combined with an adequate therapeutic context has prophylactic and transdiagnostic potential, implying that it could have a broad, positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kočárová
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Beyond Psychedelics, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robin Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Sampogna G, Lovisi GM, Zinno F, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Gonçalves Loureiro Sol É, Unger RJG, Ventriglio A, Fiorillo A. Mental Health Disturbances and Related Problems in Italian University Medical Students from 2000 to 2020: An Integrative Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Studies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 57:medicina57010011. [PMID: 33374475 PMCID: PMC7823352 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The presence of mental health problems in the population of medical students in Italy has been evaluated in several cross-sectional studies, which have used different methodologies and study designs. However, a global overview of the prevalence of mental health problems in Italian medical students is not available, although this would be essential for promoting preventive strategies and supportive treatments. Materials and Methods: An integrative review aiming to describe the prevalence of mental health problems in Italian medical students has been performed. Results: The most relevant findings are the high prevalence of substance use, in particular alcohol and nicotine, and of depressive and anxiety disorders in Italian medical students. In particular, substance use ranges from 13 to 86%, which is higher compared to Italian students coming from other faculties. Italian medical students show a high rate of smoking and of depressive symptoms of about 20%. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to develop appropriate supportive interventions for the medical student population, which are rarely provided and implemented among the routine activities of Italian medical universities. A relevant aspect to be considered is the stigma and anticipated discrimination attached to mental disorders, which reduce the help-seeking process in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (V.D.V.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-6531
| | - Giovanni Marcos Lovisi
- Institute of Studies in Collective Health—Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (É.G.L.S.); (R.J.G.U.)
| | - Francesca Zinno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (V.D.V.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (V.D.V.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (V.D.V.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Érika Gonçalves Loureiro Sol
- Institute of Studies in Collective Health—Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (É.G.L.S.); (R.J.G.U.)
| | - Roberto José Gervásio Unger
- Institute of Studies in Collective Health—Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (É.G.L.S.); (R.J.G.U.)
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (V.D.V.); (M.L.); (A.F.)
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Vaingankar JA, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Chu AHY, Subramaniam M, Tan LWL, Chong SA, van Dam RM. Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality and Physical Activity, but Not Sedentary Behaviour, Are Associated with Positive Mental Health in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228489. [PMID: 33207763 PMCID: PMC7697582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the associations of sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviour with positive mental health (PMH) in the multi-ethnic population of Singapore. METHODS The Singapore Health 2 study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey among residents aged 18-79 years. A PMH instrument was administered to 1925 participants to obtain total PMH and six sub-component scores. Self-rated sleep duration, sleep quality, sedentary behaviour and physical activity were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 40.1 (SD 14.3) years. Sleep duration (≥8 h/night: β = 0.17,95% CI: 0.02-0.32; 7-< 8 h/night: β = 0.17,95% CI: 0.03-0.30 versus <6 h/night, p = 0.002), sleep quality (very good: β = 0.45,95% CI: 0.29-0.60; fairly good: β = 0.20,95% CI: 0.06-0.33 versus very/fairly bad; ptrend < 0.001) and physical activity (high: β = 0.19,95% CI: 0.05-0.32; moderate: β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03-0.27 versus low; ptrend < 0.001) were directly associated with total PMH. Sedentary behaviour was not significantly associated with PMH. Sleep duration, sleep quality and physical activity were directly associated with the PMH sub-components 'emotional support' and 'personal growth and autonomy'. CONCLUSIONS Duration and quality of sleep and physical activity were directly associated with PMH in an urban Asian population. These findings support incorporating sleep and physical activity interventions to improve population mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (F.M.-R.); (A.H.Y.C.); (L.W.L.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Anne Hin Yee Chu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (F.M.-R.); (A.H.Y.C.); (L.W.L.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.A.C.)
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (F.M.-R.); (A.H.Y.C.); (L.W.L.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Linda Wei Lin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (F.M.-R.); (A.H.Y.C.); (L.W.L.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (F.M.-R.); (A.H.Y.C.); (L.W.L.T.); (R.M.v.D.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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27
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Astutik E, Hidajah AC, Tama TD, Efendi F, Li CY. Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among adults in Indonesia: A cross-sectional population-based national survey. Nurs Forum 2020; 56:37-44. [PMID: 32964484 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the association between personal health conditions (self-rated health, physical function, and chronic conditions) and symptoms of depression in Indonesia. METHODS Data were collected from the Indonesian family life survey 5. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 17,734 respondents. We included depressive symptoms, self-rated health, physical function, chronic conditions, demographics and socioeconomic variables. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to measure symptoms of depression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The results showed that 23.47% of respondents had depressive symptoms, 20.04% had poor self-rated health, 55.93% had a poor physical function, and 32.37% had at least one chronic disease. Respondents who had poor self-rated health, had poor physical function, or had a chronic condition were all had a significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of depression after controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, married, and education level), social-economic, and smoking status. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with personal health conditions including self-rated health, physical functioning, and chronic conditions among community residents. Strategies that can improve personal health conditions needed to be studied at the community level to improve the level of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erni Astutik
- Research Group for Health and Wellbeing of Women and Children, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Atik Choirul Hidajah
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tika Dwi Tama
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Efendi
- Department of Community Health and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.,Visiting Fellow, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.,Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Thummathai K, Sethabouppha H, Chanprasit C, Lasuka D. Depression prevention in adolescents based on Buddhism and Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:70-74. [PMID: 32035593 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression among young adolescents can affect the learning performance and quality of life, and increase suicidal risk. Depression prevention (DP) intervention at the early onset is thus important. The participants were 20 adolescents aged between 10 and 14, 5 parents, and 7 teachers who resided in the same province in northern Thailand. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis, while qualitative data from four focus group discussions (FGDs) and 17 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed that the critical component of depression prevention model for adolescents is self-worth enhancement, which comprises of the enhancement of self-esteem, problem-solving skills, and relaxation based on Buddhism and Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) for emotional balancing in order to prevent depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunsa Sethabouppha
- Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Intawaroros Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chawapornpan Chanprasit
- Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Intawaroros Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Duangrudee Lasuka
- Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Intawaroros Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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29
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Abazarnejad T, Ahmadi A, Nouhi E, Mirzaee M, Atghai M. Effectiveness of psycho-educational counseling on anxiety in preeclampsia. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 41:276-282. [PMID: 31390458 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a serious complication during pregnancy that not only influences maternal and fetal physical health, but also has maternal mental health outcomes such as anxiety. Prenatal anxiety has negative short- and long-term effects on pre- and postpartum maternal mental health, delivery, and mental health in subsequent pregnancies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of individual psycho-educational counseling on anxiety in pregnant women with preeclampsia. METHODS This was a randomized, intervention-controlled study involving two governmental hospitals in the municipality of Sirjan, Kerman, from January 30 2017 to March 31 2017. A total of 44 pregnant women with preeclampsia were assessed. The women were randomized into two groups: control (n=22) and intervention (n=22). The intervention consisted of two sessions of individual psycho-educational counseling. The level of anxiety was measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as pretest before the first session and as posttest after the second session during the hospitalization period. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the anxiety level after the counselling sessions in the intervention group (p<0.005). In addition, there was a slight increase in the anxiety level in the control group after the study. CONCLUSION According to the results, psycho-educational counseling can significantly reduce the anxiety level in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers provide this type of therapeutic intervention for pregnant women after hospitalization, in order to reduce their anxiety level and its subsequent negative outcomes. Clinical trial registration: IRCT2017082029817N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Abazarnejad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ahmadi
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Esmat Nouhi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Monavare Atghai
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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30
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Florensa MVA, Keliat BA, Wardani IY, Sulistiowati NMD. Promoting the Mental Health of Adolescents through Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy and Family Psychoeducation. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2019; 42:267-276. [PMID: 31192720 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1594459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT) and family psychoeducation (FPE) in promoting and maintaining adolescent mental health. This quantitative study used a quasi-experiment method, pre- and post-testing with a control group design. A total of 86 adolescents were selected using the purposive sampling method and allocated into two groups that were administered different types of intervention. The first intervention group was provided with mental health education and adolescent developmental stimulation only, which was carried out with individual exercises of stimulation. The second intervention group was provided with mental health education and adolescent developmental stimulation in addition to CBGT and FPE. A mental health continuum short-form questionnaire was used to determine mental health scores. The results showed that most of the adolescents received flourishing mental health scores. These scores significantly increased after receiving mental health education and developmental stimulation, as well as CBGT and FPE. Our results indicate that mental health education and developmental stimulation can be used to promote and maintain good mental health. CBGT and FPE can be used not only to treat mental health problems but also to promote flourishing mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Budi Anna Keliat
- a Faculty of Nursing , Univeritas Indonesia , West Java , Indonesia
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31
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Rural Native and European American Custodial Grandparents: Stressors, Resources, and Resilience. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2019; 34:131-148. [PMID: 31134463 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-019-09372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Native American grandparents by tradition are expected to play a role in rearing grandchildren. However, in many Native grandfamilies, grandparents are rearing grandchildren not by choice or tradition, but as the result of family crises that necessitated grandparent intervention. European American grandparents have likewise been called to rear their grandchildren when their adult children are unable or unwilling to perform parental duties. Less is known about these custodial grandparents' resilience pathways, particularly among rural grandfamilies. Guided by the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, this study examined the relationships between stressors, resources, and resilience among rural Native and European American custodial grandparents. Correlates of resilience were economic stress and stress management. Significant interactions were found between economic stress and government assistance and economic stress and stress management, indicating complex resilience pathways. Implications of study findings for research and intervention are discussed.
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32
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Mohebbi Z, Dehkordi SF, Sharif F, Banitalebi E. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Occupational Stress of Female Nurses: A Controlled Clinical Trial. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2019; 37:e05. [PMID: 31487442 PMCID: PMC7871488 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v37n2e05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses. METHODS Prevention-type controlled clinical trial carried out with the participation of 60 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Randomly, the nurses were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The intervention consisted in an aerobic exercise program lasting three months with three weekly sessions one hour each. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire measured occupational stress with 35 questions, each with five Likert-type response options, which can have a maximum score of 175 points; higher scores meant lower levels of occupational stress. The HSE was evaluated during three moments: upon registering, after finishing the exercise program (week 8), and two months after terminating the intervention (week 16). RESULTS The level of occupational stress was the same in the experimental and control groups during registration (86.2 vs. 86.3). Upon finishing the aerobic exercise program (week 8), the experimental group showed a higher score than the control group (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), with this score diminishing after two months of having ended the intervention (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinat Mohebbi
- School of Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
| | | | - Farkhondeh Sharif
- Community base Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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33
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Farris MS, MacQueen G, Goldstein BI, Wang J, Kennedy SH, Bray S, Lebel C, Addington J. Treatment History of Youth At-Risk for Serious Mental Illness. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:145-154. [PMID: 30071747 PMCID: PMC6405799 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718792195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe treatment history including medications, psychosocial therapy and hospital visits of participants in the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcomes Study (PROCAN). METHODS PROCAN is a 2-site study of 243 youth/young adults aged 12 to 25 y, categorized into 4 groups: healthy controls ( n = 42), stage 0 (non-help seeking, asymptomatic with risk mainly family history of serious mental illness (SMI); n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorders; n = 52) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes; n = 108). Participants were interviewed regarding lifetime and current treatments, including medications, psychosocial therapies and hospital visits. RESULTS The number receiving baseline medications differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001): 0% healthy controls, 14.6% stage 0, 32.7% stage 1a and 34.3% stage 1b. Further, 26.9% and 49.1% of stage 1a and stage 1b participants received psychosocial therapy at baseline, indicative of statistically significant differences among the groups ( P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for lifetime treatment history; stage 1b participants had the highest frequency of lifetime treatment. Medications started in adulthood (>18 y of age) were the most common for initiation of treatment compared to childhood (0 to 12 y) and adolescence (13 to 17 y) for stage 1a and 1b participants. Lifetime mental health hospital visits differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001) and were most common in stage 1b participants (29.6%) followed by stage 1a (13.5%), stage 0 (4.9%) and healthy controls (2.4%). CONCLUSION We found that treatment history for participants in the PROCAN study differed among the at-risk groups. Future initiatives focused on determining the effects of treatment history on SMI are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Farris
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- 2 Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JianLi Wang
- 4 Work & Mental health Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,5 Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,7 Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,8 Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Chair in Suicide and Depression Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,9 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,10 Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,11 Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,12 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,13 Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,11 Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,12 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,13 Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Tateno M, Inagaki T, Saito T, Guerrero APS, Skokauskas N. Current Challenges and Future Opportunities for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Japan. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:525-531. [PMID: 29042875 PMCID: PMC5639118 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan has been facing a serious shortfall of child and adolescent psychiatric workforce relative to increasing service needs. Likely because of a combination of limited workforce supply and limited trust or perception of effectiveness, mental health services are under-utilized by the educational and child welfare systems. Child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) has not been a formally established specialty in Japan. The lack of basic structure in the specialty most likely contributes to a lack of training facilities, limited exposure to and interest in the specialty, and hence an inadequate workforce. To date, there exists no standardized training program for CAP in Japan and each training hospital determines its own teaching curriculum and training content. Clinical experience in CAP varies greatly among hospitals. To solve current problems in child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan, we advocate for the development and establishment of a more standardized child and adolescent psychiatry training system that is akin to what exists in the US and that teaches and evaluates according to specific competencies. Through standardizing care and education and ultimately improving workforce, the quality of mental health services can be raised. The tragic and costly consequences of unidentified and untreated mental illness in youth can be avoided by taking timely evidence based actions in partnership with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tateno
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Inagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga Prefectural Mental Medical Center, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Anthony P. S. Guerrero
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Child Protection Faculty of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
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Šantrić-Milićević M, Rosić N, Babić U, Šupić-Terzić Z, Janković J, Todorović J, Trajković G. An Approach to Determine the Prevalence of Poor Mental Health among Urban and Rural Population in Serbia Using Propensity Score Matching. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:106-112. [PMID: 28662320 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies about mental health among urban and rural residents are scarce. A limited number of studies report somewhat better mental health in rural settings, despite higher rates of suicides. The main objective of this study was to describe social conditions of the population of Serbia in rural and urban settlements and to assess the differences in the prevalence of mental health disorders. METHODS Propensity score matching of urban and rural persons (2 × 3,569 persons) has eliminated confounding effects from social variables (age, gender, wealth index, education level, employment, family status) and self-rated health. Thus, any statistical differences concerning mental health variables (five-item Mental Health Inventory and clinically diagnosed chronic anxiety or depression) between the two populations were not a result of differences in the matching variables. RESULTS After matching all variables, the estimated prevalence rate of poor mental health was significantly higher among residents of urban (52.2%) than rural (49.1%) settlements (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Almost half of the Serbian population suffers from poor mental health, therefore, there is a need to increase efforts on mental health promotion, prevention and treatment. Our study findings also support the importance of promoting benefits of rural settings for people with mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Rosić
- Institute of Public Health of the City of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Babić
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Šupić-Terzić
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Janković
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Todorović
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Trajković
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Roldán-Merino J, Lluch-Canut MT, Casas I, Sanromà-Ortíz M, Ferré-Grau C, Sequeira C, Falcó-Pegueroles A, Soares D, Puig-Llobet M. Reliability and validity of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire in a sample of Spanish university students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017; 24:123-133. [PMID: 28150373 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals. ABSTRACT Introduction Nursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students. Aim The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily. Discussion This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students. Implications for Practice A good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roldán-Merino
- Campus Docent, Sant Joan de Déu-Fundació Privada, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GEIMAC (Group Consolidat 2014-1139: Grupo de Estudios de Invarianza de los Instrumentos de Medida y Análisis del Cambio en los Ámbitos Social y de la Salud), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Lluch-Canut
- Research Group GEIMAC (Group Consolidat 2014-1139: Grupo de Estudios de Invarianza de los Instrumentos de Medida y Análisis del Cambio en los Ámbitos Social y de la Salud), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Sanromà-Ortíz
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut. Fundació Blanquerna, Universitat RamonLlull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ferré-Grau
- Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group Emergent Infermeria Avançada SGR1030, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Sequeira
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Coordenador do Grupo de InvestigaçãoNursID: Innovation and development in Nursing -CINTESIS- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto., Porto, Portugal
| | - A Falcó-Pegueroles
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing. University of Barcelona., Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group SRG Consolidat 2014-326 GTEAAP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Soares
- Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Puig-Llobet
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group Emergent Infermeria Avançada SGR1030, Tarragona, Spain
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Gebhardt S, Huber MT. What Influences Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Personality Disorders? A Naturalistic Investigation in a Hospitalization Setting. Ment Illn 2016; 8:6868. [PMID: 28217274 PMCID: PMC5225831 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2016.6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment satisfaction of different mental disorders is still poorly understood, but of high clinical interest. Inpatients of a general psychiatric care hospital were asked to fill out questionnaires on satisfaction and clinical variables at admission and discharge. On the basis of an exploratory approach, differences in treatment satisfaction among diagnostic groups were examined by means of one-way analysis of variance. Potential associated clinical and socio-demographic variables were studied using multi/univariate tests. Patients with personality disorders (n=18) showed a significantly lower treatment satisfaction (ZUF-8, Zurich Satisfaction Questionnaire) and a slightly lower improvement of symptoms (CGI, Clinical Global Impression) and global functioning (GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning scale) than that of other diagnostic groups (n=95). Satisfaction in patients with personality disorders correlated much stronger with the symptom improvement and slightly with the functioning level than in patients without personality disorders. Interestingly, in patients with personality disorders psychopharmacological treatment in general (present versus not present) was independent from satisfaction. This exploratory investigation suggests that a lower satisfaction of patients with personality disorders in a general psychiatric hospital is mainly based on a reduced improvement of the symptoms and of the global functioning level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gebhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg , Germany
| | - Martin Tobias Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Stade, Germany
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A systematic concept analysis of mental health promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2016.1204934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martin-Carrasco M, Evans-Lacko S, Dom G, Christodoulou NG, Samochowiec J, González-Fraile E, Bienkowski P, Gómez-Beneyto M, Dos Santos MJH, Wasserman D. EPA guidance on mental health and economic crises in Europe. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:89-124. [PMID: 26874960 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance paper is a result of the Working Group on Mental Health Consequences of Economic Crises of the EPA Council of National Psychiatric Associations. Its purpose is to identify the impact on mental health in Europe of the economic downturn and the measures that may be taken to respond to it. We performed a review of the existing literature that yields 350 articles on which our conclusions and recommendations are based. Evidence-based tables and recommendations were developed through an expert consensus process. Literature dealing with the consequences of economic turmoil on the health and health behaviours of the population is heterogeneous, and the results are not completely unequivocal. However, there is a broad consensus about the deleterious consequences of economic crises on mental health, particularly on psychological well-being, depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia, alcohol abuse, and suicidal behaviour. Unemployment, indebtedness, precarious working conditions, inequalities, lack of social connectedness, and housing instability emerge as main risk factors. Men at working age could be particularly at risk, together with previous low SES or stigmatized populations. Generalized austerity measures and poor developed welfare systems trend to increase the harmful effects of economic crises on mental health. Although many articles suggest limitations of existing research and provide suggestions for future research, there is relatively little discussion of policy approaches to address the negative impact of economic crises on mental health. The few studies that addressed policy questions suggested that the development of social protection programs such as active labour programs, social support systems, protection for housing instability, and better access to mental health care, particularly at primary care level, is strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin-Carrasco
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Mª Josefa Recio Foundation (Hospitaller Sisters), Bilbao, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Clinica Padre Menni, Department of Psychiatry, Joaquin Beunza, 45, 31014, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - S Evans-Lacko
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.,PSSRU, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - G Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, Antwerp University, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - J Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - E González-Fraile
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Mª Josefa Recio Foundation (Hospitaller Sisters), Bilbao, Spain
| | - P Bienkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Gómez-Beneyto
- Centro de Investigación en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J H Dos Santos
- Portuguese Society of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jensen CG, Lansner J, Petersen A, Vangkilde SA, Ringkøbing SP, Frokjaer VG, Adamsen D, Knudsen GM, Denninger JW, Hasselbalch SG. Open and Calm--a randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1245. [PMID: 26673225 PMCID: PMC4682248 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled “Open and Calm” (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive (“Open”) attention, and consciously non-intervening (“Calm”) witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Jon Lansner
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Anders Petersen
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Signe A Vangkilde
- Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Signe P Ringkøbing
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - John W Denninger
- Benson-Henry Institute of Mind-Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 28, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark. .,Danish Dementia Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Fernandez A, Moreno-Peral P, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Bellon JA, Aranda-Regules JM, Luciano JV, Serrano-Blanco A, Rubio-Valera M. Is there a case for mental health promotion in the primary care setting? A systematic review. Prev Med 2015; 76 Suppl:S5-11. [PMID: 25475684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of mental health promotion (MHP) interventions by primary health care professionals in the adult population. METHODS Systematic review of literature in English and Spanish for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the impact of interventions carried out by primary care professionals explicitly to promote and improve the overall mental health of adult patients. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were independently searched by two investigators to identify all MHP articles from inception to October 2013 (no restrictions). RESULTS We retrieved 4262 records and excluded 4230 by a review of title and abstract. Of 32 full-text articles assessed, 3 RCTs were selected (2 in USA, 1 in UK); two focused on the mental health of parents whose children have behavioral problems, the other on older people with disabilities. One study reported a MHP intervention that improved participants' mental health at 6-month follow-up. All studies had low-moderate quality (2 of 5 points) on the Jadad Scale. CONCLUSION There is a lack of implementation and/or evaluation of mental health promotion activities conducted by primary care professionals. More research is needed to clearly understand the benefits of promoting mental health in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandez
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy/Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Moreno-Peral
- Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Investigación del Distrito de Atención Primaria de Málaga, Spain
| | - Edurne Zabaleta-del-Olmo
- Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Bellon
- Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Investigación del Distrito de Atención Primaria de Málaga, Spain; Centro de Salud El Palo, Distrito de Atención Primaria Málaga-Guadalohorce, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Aranda-Regules
- Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Investigación del Distrito de Atención Primaria de Málaga, Spain; Centro de Salud San Andrés Torcal, Distrito Sanitario Málaga-Guadalhorce, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Luciano
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Maria Rubio-Valera
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (RedIAPP, ISCIII), Spain; Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Haro JM, Tyrovolas S, Garin N, Diaz-Torne C, Carmona L, Sanchez-Riera L, Perez-Ruiz F, Murray CJL. The burden of disease in Spain: results from the global burden of disease study 2010. BMC Med 2014; 12:236. [PMID: 25480438 PMCID: PMC4276068 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We herein evaluate the Spanish population's trends in health burden by comparing results of two Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Studies (the GBD studies) performed 20 years apart. METHODS Data is part of the GBD study for 1990 and 2010. We present results for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for the Spanish population. Uncertainty intervals for all measures have been estimated. RESULTS Non-communicable diseases accounted for 3,703,400 (95% CI 3,648,270-3,766,720) (91.3%) of 4,057,400 total deaths, in the Spanish population. Cardiovascular and circulatory diseases were the main cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases (34.7% of total deaths), followed by neoplasms (27.1% of total deaths). Neoplasms, cardiovascular and circulatory diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases were the top three leading causes for YLLs. The most important causes of DALYs in 2010 were neoplasms, cardiovascular and circulatory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental and behavioral disorders. CONCLUSIONS Mortality and disability in Spain have become even more linked to non-communicable diseases over the last years, following the worldwide trends. Cardiovascular and circulatory diseases, neoplasms, mental and behavioral disorders, and neurological disorders are the leading causes of mortality and disability. Specific focus is needed from health care providers and policy makers to develop health promotion and health education programs directed towards non-communicable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu. Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu. Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noe Garin
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu. Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torne
- Unitat de Reumatologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Quintí, 89, 08026, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Loreto Carmona
- Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética (InMusc), Calle Hilarión, Eslava 2, 28015, , Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Riera
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Freixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Division, Cruces University Hospital, Crystal-induced arthritis investigation team, BioCruces Health Investigation Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Avenue,mSuite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
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Leg extension power is a pre-disaster modifiable risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96131. [PMID: 24760054 PMCID: PMC3997555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological problem following natural disasters. Although pre-disaster risk factors are important for early detection and proactive support, the examination of such has been limited to sociodemographic factors, which were largely unaffected by the disasters. We examined the association between pre-disaster physical functioning and lifestyle and PTSD symptoms five months after the earthquake in the Great East Japan Earthquake survivors who were participating in a pre-existing cohort study. Methods We designed a retrospective cohort study of a cooperative association in Sendai from August 2010 to August 2011. In 2010, lifestyle, physical condition, and sociodemographic factors were examined by self-reported questionnaires completed by 522 employees of this organization. We also measured the leg extension power of all the participants. PTSD symptoms were evaluated by the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-J) following the earthquake of 2011. Results In multivariate linear regression analysis, leg extension power (β = –0.128, P = 0.025), daily drinking (β = 0.203, P = 0.006), and depressive symptoms (β = 0.139, P = 0.008) were associated with total score of the IES-R-J among men. Moreover, for the IES-R-J subscale, leg extension power was also negatively associated with Intrusion (β = –0.114, P = 0.045) and Hyperarousal (β = –0.163, P = 0.004) after adjusting for all other significant variables. For women, hypertension (β = 0.226, P = 0.032) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.205, P = 0.046) were associated with the total score of the IES-R-J. Conclusions Leg extension power is a potentially modifiable pre-disaster risk factor among men for attenuating the severity of PTSD symptoms associated with great disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake among men.
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