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Meng Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Han X. TRIB3 promotes the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating JNK/JUN-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105977. [PMID: 38696945 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potentiation of glycolysis is a leading driver of squamous cell carcinoma. Targeted modulation of the glycolytic process might be a pivotal tool for treating squamous cell carcinoma. Tribble homolog 3 (TRIB3) expression is elevated in some squamous cell carcinomas and correlates with poor prognosis. We investigated whether increased TRIB3 expression contributes to the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by modulating glycolysis. METHODS We analyzed the expression of TRIB3 in the TCGA database for clinical tissue samples, in vitro, and in vivo. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were observed by overexpressing or knocking down TRIB3. Crucially, the impact of TRIB3 on aerobic glycolysis in OSCC was also probed in our study, including glucose uptake, lactate content, ATP production, extracellular acidification rate, and oxygen consumption rate. Importantly, we examined the relationship between TRIB3 and the JNK/JUN pathway and whether it regulates glycolytic processes in OSCC cells through the JNK/JUN pathway. Finally, tumor growth in vivo was tested using Xenograft models to observe the effect of knockdown TRIB3. RESULTS Our study identified TRIB3 as the most variable and prognostic in OSCC. A significant high expression of TRIB3 in OSCC cells was determined in vitro and promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and aerobic glycolysis. Knockdown of TRIB3 produced opposite effects. In addition, these effects are regulated by the JNK/JUN pathway. The use of JNK inhibitor inhibited the pro-growth and glycolytic effects of TRIB3 on OSCC cells. Finally, we further determined that TRIB3 knockdown would effectively suppress tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION This study reveals that TRIB3 promotes OSCC growth by regulating JNK/JUN pathway-mediated aerobic glycolysis, and TRIB3 may be a potential target for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Meng
- Department of E.N.T, Qingdao Jiaozhou Center Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266300, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of E.N.T, Qingdao Jiaozhou Center Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266300, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province 255000, China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province 255000, China.
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Fulman-Levy H, Cohen-Harazi R, Levi B, Argaev-Frenkel L, Abramovich I, Gottlieb E, Hofmann S, Koman I, Nesher E. Metabolic alterations and cellular responses to β-Hydroxybutyrate treatment in breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38812058 PMCID: PMC11134656 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ketogenic diet (KD), based on high fat (over 70% of daily calories), low carbohydrate, and adequate protein intake, has become popular due to its potential therapeutic benefits for several diseases including cancer. Under KD and starvation conditions, the lack of carbohydrates promotes the production of ketone bodies (KB) from fats by the liver as an alternative source of metabolic energy. KD and starvation may affect the metabolism in cancer cells, as well as tumor characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of KD conditions on a wide variety of aspects of breast cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Using two cancer and one non-cancer breast cell line, we evaluate the effect of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHb) treatment on cell growth, survival, proliferation, colony formation, and migration. We also assess the effect of KB on metabolic profile of the cells. Using RNAseq analysis, we elucidate the effect of βHb on the gene expression profile. RESULTS Significant effects were observed following treatment by βHb which include effects on viability, proliferation, and colony formation of MCF7 cells, and different effects on colony formation of MDA-MB-231 cells, with no such effects on non-cancer HB2 cells. We found no changes in glucose intake or lactate output following βHb treatment as measured by LC-MS, but an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected. RNAseq analysis demonstrated significant changes in genes involved in lipid metabolism, cancer, and oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, we conclude that differential response of cancer cell lines to βHb treatment, as alternative energy source or signal to alter lipid metabolism and oncogenicity, supports the need for a personalized approach to breast cancer patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Fulman-Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - Raichel Cohen-Harazi
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - Bar Levi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - Lital Argaev-Frenkel
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 , Mannheim, Germany
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel.
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel.
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel.
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel.
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Agrawal B, Boulos S, Khatib S, Feuermann Y, Panov J, Kaphzan H. Molecular Insights into Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects: Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses. Cells 2024; 13:205. [PMID: 38334596 PMCID: PMC10854682 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an evolving non-invasive neurostimulation technique. Despite multiple studies, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Several previous human studies of the effect of tDCS suggest that it generates metabolic effects. The induction of metabolic effects by tDCS could provide an explanation for how it generates its long-term beneficial clinical outcome. AIM Given these hints of tDCS metabolic effects, we aimed to delineate the metabolic pathways involved in its mode of action. METHODS To accomplish this, we utilized a broad analytical approach of co-analyzing metabolomics and transcriptomic data generated from anodal tDCS in rat models. Since no metabolomic dataset was available, we performed a tDCS experiment of bilateral anodal stimulation of 200 µA for 20 min and for 5 consecutive days, followed by harvesting the brain tissue below the stimulating electrode and generating a metabolomics dataset using LC-MS/MS. The analysis of the transcriptomic dataset was based on a publicly available dataset. RESULTS Our analyses revealed that tDCS alters the metabolic profile of brain tissue, affecting bioenergetic-related pathways, such as glycolysis and mitochondrial functioning. In addition, we found changes in calcium-related signaling. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that tDCS affects metabolism by modulating energy production-related processes. Given our findings concerning calcium-related signaling, we suggest that the immediate effects of tDCS on calcium dynamics drive modifications in distinct metabolic pathways. A thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of tDCS has the potential to revolutionize its applicability, enabling the generation of personalized medicine in the field of neurostimulation and thus contributing to its optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanumita Agrawal
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Soad Boulos
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Yonatan Feuermann
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Julia Panov
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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Hekmatirad S, Moloudizargari M, Fallah M, Rahimi A, Poortahmasebi V, Asghari MH. Cancer-associated immune cells and their modulation by melatonin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:788-801. [PMID: 37489565 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2239489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapidly growing evidence suggests that immune cells play a key role in determining tumor progression. Tumor cells are surrounded by a microenvironment composed of different cell populations including immune cells. The cross talk between tumor cells and the neighboring microenvironment is an important factor to take into account while designing tumor therapies. Despite significant advances in immunotherapy strategies, a relatively small proportion of patients have successfully responded to them. Therefore, the search for safe and efficient drugs, which could be used alongside conventional therapies to boost the immune system against tumors, is an ongoing need. In the present work, the modulatory effects of melatonin on different components of tumor immune microenvironment are reviewed. METHODS A thorough literature review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. All published papers in English on tumor immune microenvironment and the relevant modulatory effects of melatonin were scrutinized. RESULTS Melatonin modulates macrophage polarization and prevents M2 induction. Moreover, it prevents the conversion of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and prevents cancer cell stemness. In addition, it can affect the payload composition of tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) and their secretion levels to favor a more effective anti-tumor immune response. Melatonin is a safe molecule that affects almost all components of the tumor immune microenvironment and prevents them from being negatively affected by the tumor. CONCLUSION Based on the effects of melatonin on normal cells, tumor cells and microenvironment components, it could be an efficient compound to be used in combination with conventional immune-targeted therapies to increase their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hekmatirad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Fallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Atena Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Su Z, Zhang G, Li X, Zhang H. Inverse correlation between Alzheimer's disease and cancer from the perspective of hypoxia. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:59-73. [PMID: 37572528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease and cancer remain epidemiologically inversely related, and exploring the reverse pathogenesis is important for our understanding of both. Cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) might result from the depletion of adaptive reserves in the brain. Energy storage in the brain is limited and is dynamically regulated by neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. The research on neurodegenerative diseases has been dominated by the neurocentric view that neuronal defects cause the diseases. However, the proposal of the 2-hit vascular hypothesis in AD led us to focus on alterations in the vasculature, especially hypoperfusion. Chronic hypoxia is a feature shared by AD and cancer. It is interesting how contradicting chronic hypoxia's effects on both cancer and AD are. In this article, we discuss the potential links between the 2 diseases' etiology, from comparable upstream circumstances to diametrically opposed downstream effects. We suggest opposing potential mechanisms, including upregulation and downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, the Warburg and reverse-Warburg effects, lactate-mediated intracellular acidic and alkaline conditions, and VDAC1-mediated apoptosis and antiapoptosis, and search for regulators that may be identified as the crossroads between cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Su
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Directo D, Lee SR. Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Metabolites 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37755304 PMCID: PMC10538050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome developed during malignant tumor growth, is characterized by an accelerated loss of body weight accompanied by the depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This debilitating condition is associated with muscle degradation, impaired immune function, reduced functional capacity, compromised quality of life, and diminished survival in cancer patients. Despite the lack of the known capability of fully reversing or ameliorating this condition, ongoing research is shedding light on promising preclinical approaches that target the disrupted mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review delves into critical aspects of cancer cachexia, including its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, preclinical models for studying the progression of cancer cachexia, methods for clinical assessment, relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. These discussions collectively aim to contribute to the evolving foundation for effective, multifaceted counteractive strategies against this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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Rong Y, Dong F, Zhang G, Tang M, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Tao P, Cai H. The crosstalking of lactate-Histone lactylation and tumor. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200102. [PMID: 36853081 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactate was once considered to be a by-product of energy metabolism, but its unique biological value was only gradually explored with the advent of the Warburg effect. As an end product of glycolysis, lactate can act as a substrate for energy metabolism, a signal transduction molecule, a regulator of the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, and a regulator of the deubiquitination of specific enzymes, and is involved in various biological aspects of tumor regulation, including energy shuttling, growth and invasion, angiogenesis and immune escape. Furthermore, we describe a novel lactate-dependent epigenetic modification, namely histone lactylation modification, and review the progress of its study in tumors, mainly involving the reprogramming of tumor phenotypes, regulation of related gene expression, mediation of the glycolytic process in tumor stem cells (CSCs) and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. The study of epigenetic regulation of tumor genes by histone modification is still in its infancy, and we expect that by summarizing the effects of lactate and histone modification on tumor and related gene regulation, we will clarify the scientific significance of future histone modification studies and the problems to be solved, and open up new fields for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengyuan Dong
- Geriatrics Department, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyugang, China
| | - Guiqian Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzheng Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiashuang Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Cadre Ward of General Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Cadre Ward of General Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Xu H, Li L, Wang S, Wang Z, Qu L, Wang C, Xu K. Royal jelly acid suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenicity by inhibiting H3 histone lactylation at H3K9la and H3K14la sites. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154940. [PMID: 37453194 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) features include enhanced glycolysis and elevated lactate concentrations. Accumulation of lactate during metabolism provides a precursor for histone lysine modification. This study was designed to determine whether royal jelly acid (RJA) acts against HCC through the lactate modification pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of RJA on Hep3B and HCCLM3 cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis were investigated using cell scratching, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and real-time qPCR, gas chromatography, and RNA sequencing to determine the pathways and molecular targets involved. Tumor xenografts were used to evaluate the anti-HCC effects of RJA in vivo. In-cell Western blotting and expression correlation analysis were applied to confirm the associations between H3 histone lactylation and the antitumor effects of RJA. KEY RESULTS RJA has good antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Multi-omics analysis with metabolome and transcriptome determined that the glycolytic metabolic pathway provided the principle antitumor effect of RJA. Further mechanistic studies showed that RJA inhibited HCC development by interfering with lactate production and inhibiting H3 histone lactylation at H3K9la and H3K14la sites. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study first demonstrated that RJA exerts antitumor effects by affecting the glycolytic pathway. RJA could regulate the lactylation of H3K9la and H3K14la sites on H3 histone using lactate as a clue in the glycolytic pathway. Therefore, the lactylation of H3 histone is vital in exerting the antitumor effect of RJA, providing new evidence for screening and exploring antitumor drug mechanisms in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shunshun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Linghang Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Kang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Processing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Wang Z, Shao Y, Zhang H, Lu Y, Chen Y, Shen H, Huang C, Wu J, Fu Z. Machine learning-based glycolysis-associated molecular classification reveals differences in prognosis, TME, and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181985. [PMID: 37228620 PMCID: PMC10203873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis is a process that metabolizes glucose under aerobic conditions, finally producing pyruvate, lactic acid, and ATP for tumor cells. Nevertheless, the overall significance of glycolysis-related genes in colorectal cancer and how they affect the immune microenvironment have not been investigated. Methods By combining the transcriptome and single-cell analysis, we summarize the various expression patterns of glycolysis-related genes in colorectal cancer. Three glycolysis-associated clusters (GAC) were identified with distinct clinical, genomic, and tumor microenvironment (TME). By mapping GAC to single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq), we next discovered that the immune infiltration profile of GACs was similar to that of bulk RNA sequencing analysis (bulk RNA-seq). In order to determine the kind of GAC for each sample, we developed the GAC predictor using markers of single cells and GACs that were most pertinent to clinical prognostic indications. Additionally, potential drugs for each GAC were discovered using different algorithms. Results GAC1 was comparable to the immune-desert type, with a low mutation probability and a relatively general prognosis; GAC2 was more likely to be immune-inflamed/excluded, with more immunosuppressive cells and stromal components, which also carried the risk of the poorest prognosis; Similar to the immune-activated type, GAC3 had a high mutation rate, more active immune cells, and excellent therapeutic potential. Conclusion In conclusion, we combined transcriptome and single-cell data to identify new molecular subtypes using glycolysis-related genes in colorectal cancer based on machine-learning methods, which provided therapeutic direction for colorectal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changzhi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Yu BY, Shi LG, Jiang C, Wang GK, Liu J, Wu TY. Kinesin family member C 1 overexpression exerts tumor-promoting properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via the Rac1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100134. [PMID: 36990154 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member C 1 (KIFC1) is a kinesin-14 motor protein, and its abnormal upregulation promotes the malignant behavior of cancer cells. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is a common modification of eukaryotic mRNA and affects RNA expression. Herein, we explored how KIFC1 regulated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis and how m6A modification affected KIFC1 expression. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen for genes of interest, and in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to investigate the function and mechanism of KIFC1 in HNSCC. We observed that the expression of KIFC1 in HNSCC tissues was significantly higher than in normal or adjacent normal tissues. Cancer patients with higher KIFC1 expression have lower tumor differentiation status. Demethylase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), a cancer-promoting factor in HNSCC, could interact with KIFC1 mRNA and post-transcriptionally activated KIFC1 through m6A modification. KIFC1 downregulation suppressed HNSCC cell growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. However, overexpression of KIFC1 promoted these malignant behaviors. We demonstrated that KIFC1 overexpression activated the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway. KIFC1 interacted with the small GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) at the protein level and increased activity. The Rho GTPase Rac1 was indicated to be an upstream activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and its Rac1 inhibitor, NSC-23766, treatment reversed the effects caused by KIFC1 overexpression. Those observations demonstrate that abnormal expression of KIFC1 may be regulated by demethylase ALKBH5 in an m6A-dependent manner and promote HNSCC progression via the Rac1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling-Gai Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Ke Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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13
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Galber C, Fabbian S, Gatto C, Grandi M, Carissimi S, Acosta MJ, Sgarbi G, Tiso N, Argenton F, Solaini G, Baracca A, Bellanda M, Giorgio V. The mitochondrial inhibitor IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit and protects cancer cells from apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:54. [PMID: 36690622 PMCID: PMC9870916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein IF1 binds to the catalytic domain of the ATP synthase and inhibits ATP hydrolysis in ischemic tissues. Moreover, IF1 is overexpressed in many tumors and has been shown to act as a pro-oncogenic protein, although its mechanism of action is still debated. Here, we show that ATP5IF1 gene disruption in HeLa cells decreases colony formation in soft agar and tumor mass development in xenografts, underlining the role of IF1 in cancer. Notably, the lack of IF1 does not affect proliferation or oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial respiration, but it sensitizes the cells to the opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation analysis show that IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit in HeLa cells under oxidative phosphorylation conditions. The IF1-OSCP interaction is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy analysis of the recombinant soluble proteins. Overall, our results suggest that the IF1-OSCP interaction protects cancer cells from PTP-dependent apoptosis under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Simone Fabbian
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Martina Grandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy.
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14
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Jia YS, Yang L, Zhu YQ, Ma CB. Beta-catenin knockdown impairs the viability of ovarian cancer cells by modulating YAP-dependent glycolysis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:982-994. [PMID: 36915794 PMCID: PMC10006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks fifth among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. PCLAF/KIAA0101 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) have been linked to several human malignant cancers, including OC. However, the roles of KIAA0101 and YAP in glycolysis-dependent OC cell proliferation remain unknown. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to analyze the KIAA0101 expression. Short hairpin RNA transfection was performed to silence KIAA0101 expression in cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assayed by colony formation and flow cytometry, respectively. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and glycolytic enzyme expression were assessed to determine the level of cellular glycolysis. Phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of YAP were assessed to determine YAP activation. RESULTS OC tissue and cell lines exhibited higher KIAA0101 expression than the non-cancerous tissues and cells. KIAA0101 silencing reduced the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of both A2780 and ES-2 OC cell lines. Furthermore, KIAA0101 depletion suppressed glycolysis and YAP activation, as evidenced by increased YAP phosphorylation and decreased nuclear localization. Reactivation of YAP was performed by administration of mitochonic acid 5 in both OC cell lines with KIAA0101 knockdown. Glucose uptake, lactate production, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase beta, pyruvate kinase M2, triosephosphate isomerase 1, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase expression levels in cells recovered after the reactivation of YAP. Additionally, YAP reactivation increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that KIAA0101 could promote glycolysis during nasopharyngeal carcinoma development through YAP signaling activation, suggesting that KIAA0101 could serve as a target for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shuang Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University Shanghai 200051, China
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15
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Zhang X, Tai Z, Miao F, Huang H, Zhu Q, Bao L, Chen Z. Metabolism heterogeneity in melanoma fuels deactivation of immunotherapy: Predict before protect. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046102. [PMID: 36620597 PMCID: PMC9813867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is widely acknowledged as the most lethal skin malignancy. The metabolic reprogramming in melanoma leads to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), forming a hypoxic, glucose-deficient and acidic tumor microenvironment which inhibits the function of immune cells, resulting in a low response rate to immunotherapy. Therefore, improving the tumor microenvironment by regulating the metabolism can be used to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the metabolism of malignant melanoma are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, understanding and predicting how melanoma regulates metabolism is important to improve the local immune microenvironment of the tumor, and metabolism regulators are expected to increase treatment efficacy in combination with immunotherapy. This article reviews the energy metabolism in melanoma and its regulation and prediction, the integration of immunotherapy and metabolism regulators, and provides a comprehensive overview of future research focal points in this field and their potential application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Zhongjian Chen, ; Leilei Bao,
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhongjian Chen, ; Leilei Bao,
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16
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Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416219. [PMID: 36555859 PMCID: PMC9784569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
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17
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Kealey J, Düssmann H, Llorente-Folch I, Niewidok N, Salvucci M, Prehn JHM, D’Orsi B. Effect of TP53 deficiency and KRAS signaling on the bioenergetics of colon cancer cells in response to different substrates: A single cell study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893677. [PMID: 36238683 PMCID: PMC9550869 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Somatic mutations in genes involved in oncogenic signaling pathways, including KRAS and TP53, rewire the metabolic machinery in cancer cells. We here set out to determine, at the single cell level, metabolic signatures in human colon cancer cells engineered to express combinations of activating KRAS gene mutations and TP53 gene deletions. Specifically, we explored how somatic mutations in these genes and substrate availability (lactate, glucose, substrate deprivation) from the extracellular microenvironment affect bioenergetic parameters, including cellular ATP, NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential dynamics. Employing cytosolic and mitochondrial FRET-based ATP probes, fluorescent NADH sensors, and the membrane-permeant cationic fluorescent probe TMRM in HCT-116 cells as a model system, we observed that TP53 deletion and KRAS mutations drive a shift in metabolic signatures enabling lactate to become an efficient metabolite to replenish both ATP and NADH following nutrient deprivation. Intriguingly, cytosolic, mitochondrial and overall cellular ATP measurements revealed that, in WT KRAS cells, TP53 deficiency leads to an enhanced ATP production in the presence of extracellular lactate and glucose, and to the greatest increase in ATP following a starvation period. On the other hand, oncogenic KRAS in TP53-deficient cells reversed the alterations in cellular ATP levels. Moreover, cell population measurements of mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism using a Seahorse analyzer demonstrated that WT KRAS TP53-silenced cells display an increase of the basal respiration and tightly-coupled mitochondria, in the presence of glucose as substrate, compared to TP53 competent cells. Furthermore, cells possessing oncogenic KRAS, independently of TP53 status, showed less pronounced mitochondrial membrane potential changes in response to metabolic nutrients. Furthermore, analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial NADH levels revealed that the simultaneous presence of TP53 deletion and oncogenic KRAS showed the most pronounced alteration in cytosolic and mitochondrial NADH during metabolic stress. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate how activating KRAS mutation and loss of TP53 remodel cancer metabolism and lead to alterations in bioenergetics under metabolic stress conditions by modulating cellular ATP production, NADH oxidation, mitochondrial respiration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kealey
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon-Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Niewidok
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Jochen H. M. Prehn, ; Beatrice D’Orsi,
| | - Beatrice D’Orsi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Jochen H. M. Prehn, ; Beatrice D’Orsi,
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18
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Lv L, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhai X, Li S, Tao X, Dong D. Relationship between metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942064. [PMID: 36059650 PMCID: PMC9434120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. At present, chemotherapy is the main method to treat breast cancer in addition to surgery and radiotherapy, but the process of chemotherapy is often accompanied by the development of drug resistance, which leads to a reduction in drug efficacy. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that drug resistance is caused by dysregulated cellular metabolism, and metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and glutamine metabolic rates, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Changes in metabolism have been considered one of the most important causes of resistance to treatment, and knowledge of the mechanisms involved will help in identifying potential treatment deficiencies. To improve women’s survival outcomes, it is vital to elucidate the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer. This review analyzes and investigates the reprogramming of metabolism and resistance to breast cancer therapy, and the results offer promise for novel targeted and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Tao, ; Deshi Dong,
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Tao, ; Deshi Dong,
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19
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Lin H, Gao Y, Sun K, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen M, Jin F. COA3 overexpression promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3662-3678. [PMID: 36119836 PMCID: PMC9442012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer research have revealed a close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer development. Human COX assembly factor 3 (COA3), also known as CCDC56, is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein responsible for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) protein complex assembly. However, the clinical implication and biological functions of COA3 remain unexplored in human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we found that COA3 is overexpressed at both mRNA and protein levels in human NSCLC cells, mainly as a result of decreased miR-338-3p level. The protein expression level of COA3 is positively associated with lymph node metastasis and predicts poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Silencing of COA3 significantly attenuated, while forced COA3 expression enhanced the migration and invasiveness of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we found that aerobic glycolysis, induced at least in part by dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) phosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation, contributed to COA3-promoted NSCLC metastasis. Together, our study illustrates that COA3 plays a crucial role in NSCLC carcinogenesis, implying COA3 as a prognostic marker and treatment target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The 989th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyLuoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
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20
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Mitochondrial health quality control: measurements and interpretation in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:177-193. [PMID: 35578648 PMCID: PMC9096339 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the “gatekeeper” in a wide range of cellular functions, signaling events, cell homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Consequently, mitochondrial injury is linked to systemic effects compromising multi-organ functionality. Although mitochondrial stress is common for many pathomechanisms, individual outcomes differ significantly comprising a spectrum of associated pathologies and their severity grade. Consequently, a highly ambitious task in the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) is to distinguish between individual disease predisposition and progression under circumstances, resulting in compromised mitochondrial health followed by mitigating measures tailored to the individualized patient profile. For the successful implementation of PPPM concepts, robust parameters are essential to quantify mitochondrial health sustainability. The current article analyses added value of Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI) and Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) as potential systems to quantify mitochondrial health relevant for the disease development and its severity grade. Based on the pathomechanisms related to the compromised mitochondrial health and in the context of primary, secondary, and tertiary care, a broad spectrum of conditions can significantly benefit from robust quantification systems using MHI/BHI as a prototype to be further improved. Following health conditions can benefit from that: planned pregnancies (improved outcomes for mother and offspring health), suboptimal health conditions with reversible health damage, suboptimal life-style patterns and metabolic syndrome(s) predisposition, multi-factorial stress conditions, genotoxic environment, ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology, phenotypic predisposition to aggressive cancer subtypes, pathologies associated with premature aging and neuro/degeneration, acute infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemics, among others.
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21
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Li J, Xu X, Huang H, Li L, Chen J, Ding Y, Ping J. Pink1 promotes cell proliferation and affects glycolysis in breast cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:985-995. [PMID: 35410525 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221082613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) is regarded as a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in cancer cell biology, while relatively few studies have examined Pink1 in breast cancer, especially in vivo. The aims of this study were to investigate Pink1 expression in different subtypes of breast cancer tissues and cell lines and explore the effect of Pink1 protein on breast cancer. In these experiments, Pink1 expression was investigated using the tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (TMA-IHC) method in 150 samples of breast cancer tissues with different subtypes, and strong staining of Pink1 was significantly correlated with the histological grade of breast cancer (p = 0.015). In addition, Pink1 messenger RNA (mRNA) displayed much higher expression levels in breast cancer cell lines than in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. Moreover, proteomic data obtained by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) showed that Pink1 deletion induced a distinct proteomic profile in MDA-MB-231 cells, and enrichment analysis showed that the differential proteins were concentrated mainly in energy metabolism-related pathways. Moreover, Seahorse XF analysis showed that Pink1 knockout reduced the glycolytic ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings indicated that Pink1 may be an indicator of malignancy in breast cancer and that it presents oncogenic properties in breast cancer, which raises another perspective for understanding the regulatory role of Pink1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jinliang Ping
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
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22
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051231. [PMID: 35267539 PMCID: PMC8909913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in determining the biological behavior of several of the more aggressive malignancies. Among the various cell types evident in the tumor “field”, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous collection of activated fibroblasts secreting a wide repertoire of factors that regulate tumor development and progression, inflammation, drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Insensitivity to chemotherapeutics and metastatic spread are the major contributors to cancer patient mortality. This review discusses the complex interactions between CAFs and the various populations of normal and neoplastic cells that interact within the dynamic confines of the tumor microenvironment with a focus on the involved pathways and genes. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous population of stromal cells found in solid malignancies that coexist with the growing tumor mass and other immune/nonimmune cellular elements. In certain neoplasms (e.g., desmoplastic tumors), CAFs are the prominent mesenchymal cell type in the tumor microenvironment, where their presence and abundance signal a poor prognosis in multiple cancers. CAFs play a major role in the progression of various malignancies by remodeling the supporting stromal matrix into a dense, fibrotic structure while secreting factors that lead to the acquisition of cancer stem-like characteristics and promoting tumor cell survival, reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, aggressive growth and metastasis. Tumors with high stromal fibrotic signatures are more likely to be associated with drug resistance and eventual relapse. Clarifying the molecular basis for such multidirectional crosstalk among the various normal and neoplastic cell types present in the tumor microenvironment may yield novel targets and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights the most recent concepts regarding the complexity of CAF biology including CAF heterogeneity, functionality in drug resistance, contribution to a progressively fibrotic tumor stroma, the involved signaling pathways and the participating genes.
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23
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Chang JJ, Wang XY, Zhang W, Tan C, Sheng WQ, Xu MD. Comprehensive molecular characterization and identification of prognostic signature in stomach adenocarcinoma on the basis of energy-metabolism-related genes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:478-497. [PMID: 35317313 PMCID: PMC8919002 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but its molecular and prognostic characteristics has never been fully illustrated.
AIM To describe a molecular evaluation of primary STAD and develop new therapies and identify promising prognostic signatures.
METHODS We describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of primary STAD based on comprehensive analysis of energy-metabolism-related gene (EMRG) expression profiles.
RESULTS On the basis of 86 EMRGs that were significantly associated to patients’ progression-free survival (PFS), we propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into two subtypes: Cluster 1, most of which are young patients and display more immune and stromal cell components in tumor microenvironment and lower tumor priority; and Cluster 2, which show early stages and better PFS. Moreover, we construct a 6-gene signature that can classify the prognostic risk of patients after a three-phase training test and validation process. Compared with patients with low-risk score, patients with high-risk score had shorter overall survival. Furthermore, calibration and DCA analysis plots indicate the excellent predictive performance of the 6-gene signature, and which present higher robustness and clinical usability compared with three previous reported prognostic gene signatures. According to gene set enrichment analysis, gene sets related to the high-risk group were participated in the ECM receptor interaction and hedgehog signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION Identification of the EMRG-based molecular subtypes and prognostic gene model provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jia Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Qi Sheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mi-Die Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Wang B, Yuan Y, Zou Y, Qi Z, Huang G, Liu Y, Xia S, Huang Y, Huang Z. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 represses cervical cancer progression via inhibiting aerobic glycolysis through promoting pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 ubiquitination. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e198-e206. [PMID: 34387592 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that aerobic glycolysis, as a hallmark of cancer cells, plays a crucial role in cervical cancer. The aim of the study is to uncover whether fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (FBP2) is involved in cervical cancer progression via the aerobic glycolysis pathway. FBP2 levels were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. Cell growth viability and apoptosis were tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays. Immunoprecipitation assay was applied for the detection of the FBP2 effect on pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) ubiquitination. FBP2 level was decreased in cervical cancer, which is closely linked to shorter overall survival. FBP2 decreased cell growth and aerobic glycolysis and increased cell apoptosis, as well as decreased PKM2 expression and increased its ubiquitination level. The above-mentioned roles of FBP2 were weakened followed by PKM2 overexpression. FBP2 inhibited cervical cancer cell growth via inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by inducing PKM2 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University
| | - Yingnan Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Yin Zou
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Zhengjun Qi
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Guijia Huang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guiyang City, Guiyang, Guizhou
| | - Shan Xia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of interventional radiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
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25
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Iessi E, Vona R, Cittadini C, Matarrese P. Targeting the Interplay between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Cell Death Pathways as a Viable Therapeutic Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121942. [PMID: 34944758 PMCID: PMC8698563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic adaptations are often observed in terms of nutrient absorption, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy necessary to meet the needs of the tumor cell such as uncontrolled proliferation, dissemination, and acquisition of resistance to death processes induced by both unfavorable environmental conditions and therapeutic drugs. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have a significant effect on cellular metabolism, as there is a close relationship between the pathways activated by these genes and the various metabolic options. The metabolic adaptations observed in cancer cells not only promote their proliferation and invasion, but also their survival by inducing intrinsic and acquired resistance to various anticancer agents and to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In this review we analyze the main metabolic differences between cancer and non-cancer cells and how these can affect the various cell death pathways, effectively determining the susceptibility of cancer cells to therapy-induced death. Targeting the metabolic peculiarities of cancer could represent in the near future an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those tumors whose metabolic characteristics are known.
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26
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Wang Y, Sun J, Yang Y, Zebaze Dongmo S, Qian Y, Wang Z. Identification and Development of Subtypes with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Based on Both Hypoxia and Immune Cell Infiltration. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9379-9399. [PMID: 34908867 PMCID: PMC8664384 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s326647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia and immune cell infiltration play an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the molecular classification of gastric cancer combined with hypoxia and immune cell infiltration remains unknown. Materials and Methods ssGSEA was used to evaluate the hypoxic state and immune cell infiltration of 1059 gastric cancer samples collected from the GEO and TCGA database. Based on the results, unsupervised clustering was performed to obtain different gastric cancer subtypes. The differentially expressed genes related to OS between these subtypes were utilized for LASSO analysis to construct a prognostic signature (HIscore). Subsequently, small-molecule drugs were predicted using the Connectivity Map (CMAP) database. Results We obtained three hypoxic-immune infiltration patterns (HIcluster A-C) with different prognoses and classified them as low hypoxic/low immune, high hypoxic/high immune, and low hypoxic/high immune subtypes. Based on the differential genes between HIclusters, we have also obtained other three gastric cancer subtypes (genecluster A-C) and a 13-gene signature (HIscore). At the same time, we extensively explored the clinical and transcriptome traits in different clusters and groups with high or low HIscore. We proved that HIscore is an independent prognostic biomarker and an indicator of genome stability and EMT. Using the CMAP database, we found 96 small-molecule drugs that could reverse the poor prognosis and could serve as therapeutic drugs, especially for gastric cancer patients with high HIscore. Conclusion Our study evaluated the hypoxic state and immune cell infiltration in gastric tumors, and identified different gastric cancer subtypes. In addition, we established a hypoxia-immune signature to predict prognosis which is tightly linked to tumor EMT and genomic stability. Based on HIscore, we used the CMAP database to explore small-molecule drugs that may have the potential in serving as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sonia Zebaze Dongmo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Feixi County People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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27
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Aring L, Choi EK, Kopera H, Lanigan T, Iwase S, Klionsky DJ, Seo YA. A neurodegeneration gene, WDR45, links impaired ferritinophagy to iron accumulation. J Neurochem 2021; 160:356-375. [PMID: 34837396 PMCID: PMC8811950 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of brain iron and the progressive degeneration of the nervous system. One of the recently identified subtypes of NBIA is β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN is caused by de novo mutations in the WDR45/WIPI4 (WD repeat domain 45) gene. WDR45 is one of the four mammalian homologs of yeast Atg18, a regulator of autophagy. WDR45 deficiency in BPAN patients and animal models may result in defects in autophagic flux. However, how WDR45 deficiency leads to brain iron overload remains unclear. To elucidate the role of WDR45, we generated a WDR45‐knockout (KO) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Using these cells, we demonstrated that the non‐TF (transferrin)‐bound iron pathway dominantly mediated the accumulation of iron. Moreover, the loss of WDR45 led to defects in ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy that degrades the iron storage protein ferritin. We showed that impaired ferritinophagy contributes to iron accumulation in WDR45‐KO cells. Iron accumulation was also detected in the mitochondria, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated reactive oxygen species, and increased cell death. Thus, our study links WDR45 to specific iron acquisition pathways and ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huira Kopera
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Vector Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Lanigan
- Vector Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Yamagishi JF, Hatakeyama TS. Microeconomics of Metabolism: The Warburg Effect as Giffen Behaviour. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:120. [PMID: 34718881 PMCID: PMC8558188 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic behaviours of proliferating cells are often explained as a consequence of rational optimization of cellular growth rate, whereas microeconomics formulates consumption behaviours as optimization problems. Here, we pushed beyond the analogy to precisely map metabolism onto the theory of consumer choice. We thereby revealed the correspondence between long-standing mysteries in both fields: the Warburg effect, a seemingly wasteful but ubiquitous strategy where cells favour aerobic glycolysis over more energetically efficient oxidative phosphorylation, and Giffen behaviour, the unexpected consumer behaviour where a good is demanded more as its price rises. We identified the minimal, universal requirements for the Warburg effect: a trade-off between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis and complementarity, i.e. impossibility of substitution for different metabolites. Thus, various hypotheses for the Warburg effect are integrated into an identical optimization problem with the same universal structure. Besides, the correspondence between the Warburg effect and Giffen behaviour implies that oxidative phosphorylation is counter-intuitively stimulated when its efficiency is decreased by metabolic perturbations such as drug administration or mitochondrial dysfunction; the concept of Giffen behaviour bridges the Warburg effect and the reverse Warburg effect. This highlights that the application of microeconomics to metabolism can offer new predictions and paradigms for both biology and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei F Yamagishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro S Hatakeyama
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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29
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Wang X, Liu H, Ni Y, Shen P, Han X. Lactate shuttle: from substance exchange to regulatory mechanism. Hum Cell 2021; 35:1-14. [PMID: 34606041 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactate, as the product of glycolytic metabolism and the substrate of energy metabolism, is an intermediate link between cancer cell and tumor microenvironment metabolism. The exchange of lactate between the two cells via mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) is known as the lactate shuttle in cancer. Lactate shuttle is the core of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming between two cells such as aerobic cancer cells and hypoxic cancer cells, tumor cells and stromal cells, cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Cancer cells absorb lactate by mono-carboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and convert lactate to pyruvate via intracellular lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) to maintain their growth and metabolism. Since lactate shuttle may play a critical role in energy metabolism of cancer cells, components related to lactate shuttle may be a crucial target for tumor antimetabolic therapy. In this review, we describe the lactate shuttle in terms of both substance exchange and regulatory mechanisms in cancer. Meanwhile, we summarize the difference of key proteins of lactate shuttle in common types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yingqian Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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30
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Shin E, Koo JS. Glucose Metabolism and Glucose Transporters in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728759. [PMID: 34552932 PMCID: PMC8450384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates despite the continuously advancing treatment strategies. Glucose is essential for cancer cell metabolism owing to the Warburg effect. During the process of glucose metabolism, various glycolytic metabolites, such as serine and glycine metabolites, are produced and other metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), are associated with the process. Glucose is transported into the cell by glucose transporters, such as GLUT. Breast cancer shows high expressions of glucose metabolism-related enzymes and GLUT, which are also related to breast cancer prognosis. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is a high-grade breast cancer, is especially dependent on glucose metabolism. Breast cancer also harbors various stromal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells as tumor microenvironment, and there exists a metabolic interaction between these stromal cells and breast cancer cells as explained by the reverse Warburg effect. Breast cancer is heterogeneous, and, consequently, its metabolic status is also diverse, which is especially affected by the molecular subtype, progression stage, and metastatic site. In this review, we will focus on glucose metabolism and glucose transporters in breast cancer, and we will additionally discuss their potential applications as cancer imaging tracers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Kosic M, Paunovic V, Ristic B, Mircic A, Bosnjak M, Stevanovic D, Kravic-Stevovic T, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. 3-Methyladenine prevents energy stress-induced necrotic death of melanoma cells through autophagy-independent mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:156-167. [PMID: 34294367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 3-methyladenine (3MA), a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-blocking autophagy inhibitor, on cancer cell death induced by simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial respiration by rotenone. 2DG/rotenone reduced ATP levels and increased mitochondrial superoxide production, causing mitochondrial swelling and necrotic death in various cancer cell lines. 2DG/rotenone failed to increase proautophagic beclin-1 and autophagic flux in melanoma cells despite the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). 3MA, but not autophagy inhibition with other PI3K and lysosomal inhibitors, attenuated 2DG/rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, ATP depletion, and cell death, while antioxidant treatment mimicked its protective action. The protection was not mediated by autophagy upregulation via class I PI3K/Akt inhibition, as it was preserved in cells with genetically inhibited autophagy. 3MA increased AMPK and mTORC1 activation in energy-stressed cells, but neither AMPK nor mTORC1 inhibition reduced its cytoprotective effect. 3MA reduced JNK activation, and JNK pharmacological/genetic suppression mimicked its mitochondria-preserving and cytoprotective activity. Therefore, 3MA prevents energy stress-triggered cancer cell death through autophagy-independent mechanisms possibly involving JNK suppression and decrease of oxidative stress. Our results warrant caution when using 3MA as an autophagy inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mircic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stevanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research, "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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32
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Wu Q, Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wu H, Ma C. Histone deacetylase 1 facilitates aerobic glycolysis and growth of endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:721. [PMID: 34429761 PMCID: PMC8371952 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is reportedly involved in the progression of several cancer types. However, its function in endometrial cancer remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of HDAC1 in aerobic glycolysis and the progression of endometrial cancer. Lentiviral vector transfection was used to up- and downregulate HDAC1 expression in HEC-1-A endometrial cancer cells. The effects of HDAC1 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness and tumorigenesis were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound-healing, transwell chamber and in vivo tumor formation experiments, respectively. HDAC1 level was significantly increased in endometrial cancer tissues and cells, and its high expression was associated with advanced clinicopathological progression. HEC-1-A cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration and tumorigenesis were enhanced, and apoptosis was inhibited when HDAC1 was overexpressed. Moreover, upregulation of HDAC1 significantly promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HEC-1-A cells, and increased glucose consumption, lactate secretion and ATP levels. Collectively, the present study revealed that HDAC1 promoted the aerobic glycolysis and progression of endometrial cancer, which may provide a potential target for endometrial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongwei Wu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Huiheng Wu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Chengbin Ma
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
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33
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Hurley DJ, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. Metformin and Glaucoma-Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082131. [PMID: 34440899 PMCID: PMC8394782 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J. Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Metabolism is an important part of tumorigenesis as well as progression. The various cancer metabolism pathways, such as glucose metabolism and glutamine metabolism, directly regulate the development and progression of cancer. The pathways by which the cancer cells rewire their metabolism according to their needs, surrounding environment and host tissue conditions are an important area of study. The regulation of these metabolic pathways is determined by various oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, as well as various constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment. Expanded studies on metabolism will help identify efficient biomarkers for diagnosis and strategies for therapeutic interventions and countering ways by which cancers may acquire resistance to therapy.
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Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T, Ji G. The role and therapeutic implication of CPTs in fatty acid oxidation and cancers progression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2477-2494. [PMID: 34249411 PMCID: PMC8263643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells must maintain metabolic homeostasis under a wide range of conditions and meet their own energy needs in order to survive and reproduce. In addition to glycolysis, cancer cells can also perform various metabolic strategies, such as fatty acid oxidation (FAO). It has been found that the proliferation, survival, drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells depend on FAO. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), including CPT1 and CPT2, located on the mitochondrial membrane, are important mediators of FAO. In recent years, many researchers have found that CPT has a close relationship with the metabolic development of tumor cells, not only provides energy for cancer cells development and metastasis by promoting FAO but also affects the occurrence and invasion through other signal pathways or cytokines or microRNA. This review summarized the role of CPTs in several kinds of tumors and the developed targeted inhibitors of CPTs, as well as the potential gene therapy and immunotherapy of CPTs, hoping to better explore the mechanism and role of CPTs in the future and providing useful ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Colorectal Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment: Implication for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126262. [PMID: 34200820 PMCID: PMC8230539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, is closely related to the initiation and progression of carcinomas, including CRC. Accumulating evidence shows that activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate the metabolic reprogramming that is mainly involved in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism. The abnormal metabolic program provides tumor cells with abundant energy, nutrients and redox requirements to support their malignant growth and metastasis, which is accompanied by impaired metabolic flexibility in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The metabolic crosstalk between the tumor cells, the components of the TME and the intestinal microbiota further facilitates CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and leads to therapy resistance. Hence, to target the dysregulated tumor metabolism, the TME and the gut microbiota, novel preventive and therapeutic applications are required. In this review, the dysregulation of metabolic programs, molecular pathways, the TME and the intestinal microbiota in CRC is addressed. Possible therapeutic strategies, including metabolic inhibition and immune therapy in CRC, as well as modulation of the aberrant intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
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Ouyang Y, Liu Y, Wang ZM, Liu Z, Wu M. FLIM as a Promising Tool for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:133. [PMID: 34138374 PMCID: PMC8175610 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been rapidly developed over the past 30 years and widely applied in biomedical engineering. Recent progress in fluorophore-dyed probe design has widened the application prospects of fluorescence. Because fluorescence lifetime is sensitive to microenvironments and molecule alterations, FLIM is promising for the detection of pathological conditions. Current cancer-related FLIM applications can be divided into three main categories: (i) FLIM with autofluorescence molecules in or out of a cell, especially with reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide for cellular metabolism research; (ii) FLIM with Förster resonance energy transfer for monitoring protein interactions; and (iii) FLIM with fluorophore-dyed probes for specific aberration detection. Advancements in nanomaterial production and efficient calculation systems, as well as novel cancer biomarker discoveries, have promoted FLIM optimization, offering more opportunities for medical research and applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This review summarizes cutting-edge researches from 2015 to 2020 on cancer-related FLIM applications and the potential of FLIM for future cancer diagnosis methods and anti-cancer therapy development. We also highlight current challenges and provide perspectives for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, A510a, Virtual University Building, Nanshan District, Southern District, High-tech Industrial Park, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu S, Chen Z, Zhu M, Shen Y, Leon LJ, Chi L, Spinozzi S, Tan C, Gu Y, Nguyen A, Zhou Y, Feng W, Vaz FM, Wang X, Gustafsson AB, Evans SM, Kunfu O, Fang X. Cardiolipin Remodeling Defects Impair Mitochondrial Architecture and Function in a Murine Model of Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008289. [PMID: 34129362 PMCID: PMC8210459 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature in Barth syndrome (BTHS), an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in Tafazzin (TAZ), encoding a mitochondrial acyltransferase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Despite recent description of a mouse model of BTHS cardiomyopathy, an in-depth analysis of specific lipid abnormalities and mitochondrial form and function in an in vivo BTHS cardiomyopathy model is lacking. METHODS We performed in-depth assessment of cardiac function, cardiolipin species profiles, and mitochondrial structure and function in our newly generated Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice and Cre-negative control mice (n≥3 per group). RESULTS Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice recapitulate typical features of BTHS and mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Fewer than 5% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice exhibited lethality before 2 months of age, with significantly enlarged hearts. More than 80% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout displayed ventricular dilation at 16 weeks of age and survived until 50 weeks of age. Full parameter analysis of cardiac cardiolipin profiles demonstrated lower total cardiolipin concentration, abnormal cardiolipin fatty acyl composition, and elevated monolysocardiolipin to cardiolipin ratios in Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout, relative to controls. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system and F1F0-ATP synthase complexes, required for cristae morphogenesis, were abnormal, resulting in onion-shaped mitochondria. Organization of high molecular weight respiratory chain supercomplexes was also impaired. In keeping with observed mitochondrial abnormalities, seahorse experiments demonstrated impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our mouse model mirrors multiple physiological and biochemical aspects of BTHS cardiomyopathy. Our results give important insights into the underlying cause of BTHS cardiomyopathy and provide a framework for testing therapeutic approaches to BTHS cardiomyopathy, or other mitochondrial-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze’e Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mason Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Liguo Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simone Spinozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ouyang Kunfu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Mao L, Wu X, Gong Z, Yu M, Huang Z. PDIA6 contributes to aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:88. [PMID: 33761940 PMCID: PMC7992853 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that aerobic glycolysis serves as a regulator of tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Herein, we explored the role of protein disulfide isomerase family 6 (PDIA6) in the aerobic glycolysis and the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression pattern of PDIA6 in OSCC tissues was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Lentivirus and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were introduced into cells to upregulate and downregulate PDIA6 expression. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, and xenotransplantation models were applied to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, respectively. Results A high expression pattern of PDIA6 was observed in OSCC tissues, which was closely associated with lower overall survival and malignant clinical features in OSCC. Compared with the control group, overexpression of PDIA6 induced significant enhancements in cell growth, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis and decreased cell apoptosis, while knockdown of PDIA6 caused opposite results. In addition, overexpression of PDIA6 increased glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP level in OSCC cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PDIA6 expression was elevated in OSCC tissues, and overexpression of it promoted aerobic glycolysis and OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mao
- The Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Research, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.,Imaging department, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiaoweng Wu
- Department of Imaging, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 252000, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengpeng Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Laryngology and Otology, the Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 108 Gangyu Road, Guiyang, 550005, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China. .,College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No. 1 Beijingxi Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao Y, Zhou L, Li H, Sun T, Wen X, Li X, Meng Y, Li Y, Liu M, Liu S, Kim SJ, Xiao J, Li L, Zhang S, Li W, Cohen P, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J. Nuclear-Encoded lncRNA MALAT1 Epigenetically Controls Metabolic Reprogramming in HCC Cells through the Mitophagy Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:264-276. [PMID: 33425485 PMCID: PMC7773746 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. In search of molecular factors involved in this dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we found that the nuclear-encoded long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) was aberrantly enriched in the mitochondria of hepatoma cells. Using RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing (RAT-seq), we showed that MALAT1 interacted with multiple loci on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including D-loop, COX2, ND3, and CYTB genes. MALAT1 knockdown induced alterations in the CpG methylation of mtDNA and in mitochondrial transcriptomes. This was associated with multiple abnormalities in mitochondrial function, including altered mitochondrial structure, low oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreased ATP production, reduced mitophagy, decreased mtDNA copy number, and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis. These alterations in mitochondrial metabolism were associated with changes in tumor phenotype and in pathways involved in cell mitophagy, mitochondrial apoptosis, and epigenetic regulation. We further showed that the RNA-shuttling protein HuR and the mitochondria transmembrane protein MTCH2 mediated the transport of MALAT1 in this nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk. This study provides the first evidence that the nuclear genome-encoded lncRNA MALAT1 functions as a critical epigenetic player in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism of hepatoma cells, laying the foundation for further clarifying the roles of lncRNAs in tumor metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tingge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Department of Medicine, PAVIR, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Morales-Polanco F, Bates C, Lui J, Casson J, Solari CA, Pizzinga M, Forte G, Griffin C, Garner KEL, Burt HE, Dixon HL, Hubbard S, Portela P, Ashe MP. Core Fermentation (CoFe) granules focus coordinated glycolytic mRNA localization and translation to fuel glucose fermentation. iScience 2021; 24:102069. [PMID: 33554071 PMCID: PMC7859310 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway for glucose catabolism across biology, and glycolytic enzymes are among the most abundant proteins in cells. Their expression at such levels provides a particular challenge. Here we demonstrate that the glycolytic mRNAs are localized to granules in yeast and human cells. Detailed live cell and smFISH studies in yeast show that the mRNAs are actively translated in granules, and this translation appears critical for the localization. Furthermore, this arrangement is likely to facilitate the higher level organization and control of the glycolytic pathway. Indeed, the degree of fermentation required by cells is intrinsically connected to the extent of mRNA localization to granules. On this basis, we term these granules, core fermentation (CoFe) granules; they appear to represent translation factories, allowing high-level coordinated enzyme synthesis for a critical metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Morales-Polanco
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christian Bates
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Joseph Casson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Clara A Solari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariavittoria Pizzinga
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gabriela Forte
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claire Griffin
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kirsten E L Garner
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Harriet E Burt
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hannah L Dixon
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Hubbard
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paula Portela
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mark P Ashe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Stellate Cells Aid Growth-Permissive Metabolic Reprogramming and Promote Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040601. [PMID: 33546284 PMCID: PMC7913350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The great majority, more than 90%, of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) die within less than five years after detection of the disease, despite recent treatment advances. The poor prognosis is related to late diagnosis, aggressive disease progression, and tumor resistance to conventional chemotherapy. PDAC tumor tissue is characterized by dense fibrosis and poor nutrient availability. A large portion of the tumor is made up of stromal fibroblasts, the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are known to contribute to tumor progression in several ways. PSCs have been shown to act as an alternate energy source, induce drug resistance, and inhibit drug availability in tumor cells, however, the underlying exact molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this literature review, we discuss recent available knowledge about the contributions of PSCs to the overall progression of PDAC via changes in tumor metabolism and how this is linked to therapy resistance. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), also known as pancreatic cancer (PC), is characterized by an overall poor prognosis and a five-year survival that is less than 10%. Characteristic features of the tumor are the presence of a prominent desmoplastic stromal response, an altered metabolism, and profound resistance to cancer drugs including gemcitabine, the backbone of PDAC chemotherapy. The pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) constitute the major cellular component of PDAC stroma. PSCs are essential for extracellular matrix assembly and form a supportive niche for tumor growth. Various cytokines and growth factors induce activation of PSCs through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, which in turn promote overall tumor growth and metastasis and induce chemoresistance. To maintain growth and survival in the nutrient-poor, hypoxic environment of PDAC, tumor cells fulfill their high energy demands via several unconventional ways, a process generally referred to as metabolic reprogramming. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated PSCs not only contribute to the therapy-resistant phenotype of PDAC but also act as a nutrient supplier for the tumor cells. However, the precise molecular links between metabolic reprogramming and an acquired therapy resistance in PDAC remain elusive. This review highlights recent findings indicating the importance of PSCs in aiding growth-permissive metabolic reprogramming and gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC.
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Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk Between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:205-214. [PMID: 34014545 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer has classically been regarded as a genetic disease of uncontrolled cell growth, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [1, 2] is continuously emphasized by the accumulating evidence that cancer growth is not simply dependent on the cancer cells themselves [3, 4] but also dependent on angiogenesis [5-8], inflammation [9, 10], and the supporting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [11-13]. After the discovery that CAFs are able to remodel the tumor matrix within the TME and provide the nutrients and chemicals to promote cancer cell growth [14], many studies have aimed to uncover the cross talk between cancer cells and CAFs. Moreover, a new paradigm in cancer metabolism shows how cancer cells act like "metabolic parasites" to take up the high-energy metabolites, such as lactate, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and glutamine from supporting cells, including CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) [15, 16]. This chapter provides an overview of the metabolic coupling between CAFs and cancer cells to further define the therapeutic options to disrupt the CAF-cancer cell interactions.
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Zeng RJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1245-1262. [PMID: 32772212 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite treatment advances, radioresistance and metastasis markedly impair the benefits of radiotherapy to patients with malignancies. Functioning as molecular switches, Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have well-recognized roles in regulating various downstream signaling pathways in a wide range of cancers. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy and metastasis, as well as radiation-induced metastasis. The functions of Rho GTPases in radiotherapeutic efficacy are divergent and context-dependent; thereby, a comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms is urgently needed. This review integrates current evidence supporting the roles of Rho GTPases in mediating radiotherapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, their correlations with metastasis and radiation-induced metastasis are discussed. Under the prudent application of Rho GTPase inhibitors based on critical evaluations of biological contexts, targeting Rho GTPases can be a promising strategy in overcoming radioresistance and simultaneously reducing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Quantitative proteomics revealed energy metabolism pathway alterations in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma and their regulation by the antiparasite drug ivermectin: data interpretation in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:661-694. [PMID: 33240452 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Energy metabolism abnormality is the hallmark in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). This study aimed to investigate energy metabolism pathway alterations and their regulation by the antiparasite drug ivermectin in EOC for the discovery of energy metabolism pathway-based molecular biomarker pattern and therapeutic targets in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in EOC. Methods iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify mitochondrial differentially expressed proteins (mtDEPs) between human EOC and control mitochondrial samples isolated from 8 EOC and 11 control ovary tissues from gynecologic surgery of Chinese patients, respectively. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the protein expressions of energy metabolic pathways in EOC cells treated with and without ivermectin. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and important molecules in energy metabolism pathway were examined before and after ivermectin treatment of different EOC cells. Results In total, 1198 mtDEPs were identified, and various mtDEPs were related to energy metabolism changes in EOC, with an interesting result that EOC tissues had enhanced abilities in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), Kreb's cycle, and aerobic glycolysis, for ATP generation, with experiment-confirmed upregulations of UQCRH in OXPHOS; IDH2, CS, and OGDHL in Kreb's cycle; and PKM2 in glycolysis pathways. Importantly, PDHB that links glycolysis with Kreb's cycle was upregulated in EOC. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics found that the protein expression levels of energy metabolic pathways were regulated by ivermectin in EOC cells. Furthermore, ivermectin demonstrated its strong abilities to inhibit proliferation and cell cycle and promote apoptosis in EOC cells, through molecular networks to target PFKP in glycolysis; IDH2 and IDH3B in Kreb's cycle; ND2, ND5, CYTB, and UQCRH in OXPHOS; and MCT1 and MCT4 in lactate shuttle to inhibit EOC growth. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the Warburg and reverse Warburg effects coexisted in human ovarian cancer tissues, provided the first multiomics-based molecular alteration spectrum of ovarian cancer energy metabolism pathways (aerobic glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and lactate shuttle), and demonstrated that the antiparasite drug ivermectin effectively regulated these changed molecules in energy metabolism pathways and had strong capability to inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and promote cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. The observed molecular changes in energy metabolism pathways bring benefits for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism heterogeneity and the discovery of effective biomarkers for individualized patient stratification and predictive/prognostic assessment and therapeutic targets/drugs for personalized therapy of ovarian cancer patients.
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Pascale RM, Calvisi DF, Simile MM, Feo CF, Feo F. The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2819. [PMID: 33008042 PMCID: PMC7599761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Diego Francesco Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Simile
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
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Huang YT, Yeh PC, Lan SC, Liu PF. Metabolites modulate the functional state of human uridine phosphorylase I. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2189-2200. [PMID: 32864839 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways in cancer cells typically become reprogrammed to support unconstrained proliferation. These abnormal metabolic states are often accompanied by accumulation of high concentrations of ATP in the cytosol, a phenomenon known as the Warburg Effect. However, how high concentrations of ATP relate to the functional state of proteins is poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively studied the influence of ATP levels on the functional state of the human enzyme, uridine phosphorylase I (hUP1), which is responsible for activating the chemotherapeutic pro-drug, 5-fluorouracil. We found that elevated levels of ATP decrease the stability of hUP1, leading to the loss of its proper folding and function. We further showed that the concentration of hUP1 exerts a critical influence on this ATP-induced destabilizing effect. In addition, we found that ATP interacts with hUP1 through a partially unfolded state and accelerates the rate of hUP1 unfolding. Interestingly, some structurally similar metabolites showed similar destabilization effects on hUP1. Our findings suggest that metabolites can alter the folding and function of a human protein, hUP1, through protein destabilization. This phenomenon may be relevant in studying the functions of proteins that exist in the specific metabolic environment of a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Chin Yeh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chun Lan
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fen Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen L, Guo L, Sun Z, Yang G, Guo J, Chen K, Xiao R, Yang X, Sheng L. Monoamine Oxidase A is a Major Mediator of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Glycolysis in Gastric Cancer Progression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8023-8035. [PMID: 32943935 PMCID: PMC7481281 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s257848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a mitochondrial protein involved in tumourigenesis in different types of cancer. However, the biological function of MAO-A in gastric cancer development remains unknown. Methods We examined MAO-A expression in gastric cancer tissues and in gastric cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. CCK8, FACS and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays were performed to assess the effects of MAO-A on gastric cancer cell proliferation. The role of MAO-A in mitochondrial function was determined through MitoSOX Red staining, ATP generation and glycolysis assays. Results In the present study, we observed that MAO-A was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and in AGS and MGC803 cells. The observed MAO-A inhibition indicated decreased cell cycle progression and proliferation. Silencing MAO-A expression was associated with suppressed migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, alleviated mitochondrial damage in these cells was demonstrated by decreased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and increased ATP generation. MAO-A knockdown also regulated the expression of the glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes hexokinase 2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Finally, we observed that the glycolysis-mediated effect was weakened in AGS and MGC803 cells when MAO-A was blocked. Conclusion The findings of the present study indicate that MAO-A is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and aerobic glycolysis, which in turn leads to the proliferation and metastasis of human gastric tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- The Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Benny S, Mishra R, Manojkumar MK, Aneesh TP. From Warburg effect to Reverse Warburg effect; the new horizons of anti-cancer therapy. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110216. [PMID: 33254523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An old ideology of killing the cancer cells by starving them is the underlying concept of the Warburg effect. It is the process of aerobic glycolysis exhibited by the cancer cells irrespective of anaerobic glycolysis or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation following by their healthy counterparts. Dr Otto Heinrich Warburg proposed this abnormal metabolic behaviour of tumour cells in 1920. This phenomenon illustrates the metabolic switching in tumour cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis triggered by an injury to the mitochondrial respiration. A modernised perspective of the Warburg hypothesis termed the Reverse Warburg effect introduced in 2009, with a two-compartment model describing the metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and its neighbouring stromal cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts. This theory is elucidating the aerobic glycolysis occurring in cancer-associated fibroblasts which leads to the generation and deposition of the lactate in tumour microenvironment along with its significance. The transportation of lactate to and from the cancer cell and extracellular space is facilitated by the lactate transporters called monocarboxylate transporters. This lactate generated irrespective of the hypoxic or aerobic conditions acts as a primary metabolic fuel for the cancer cells. Besides, it will create a tumour microenvironment that is favouring the progression and metastasis of malignancy through several means. Overall, the lactate produced through this metabolic reprogramming is supporting and worsening the conditions of cancer. The concept of the Reverse Warburg effect proposes a new anti-cancer treatment modality by preventing the generation and transport of lactate through the inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters and in turn, defeating the cancer disease by arresting the cancer cells along with silencing tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Benny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Maneesha K Manojkumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - T P Aneesh
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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Zhao C, Wang B, Liu E, Zhang Z. Loss of PTEN expression is associated with PI3K pathway-dependent metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:131. [PMID: 32831114 PMCID: PMC7444061 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming, in which energetic metabolism changes from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, is well-accepted as a hallmark of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the control of metabolic reprogramming. In this study, we attempt to investigate whether loss of PTEN, a recognized tumor suppressor, drives metabolic reprogramming of HCC. Methods Cancerous liver tissues were surgically resected from 128 HCC patients, with 43 adjacent noncancerous liver tissues as control. Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) was reflected by measurements of glucose uptake and lactate production, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse was observed by JC-1 staining, glycolytic rate and mitochondrial respiration were evaluated by determining glycolytic proton efflux rate (glycoPER) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cultured human HHCC cells. Results Reciprocal expression of PTEN and PI3K was determined in cancer liver tissues. Overexpression of PTEN suppressed the Warburg effect, as evidenced by reductions in glucose uptake and lactate production, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and transformation of energetic metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in cultured PTEN-negative HHCC cells. Importantly, 740 Y-P, a PI3K agonist that leads to activation of the PI3K pathway, partially abrogated the function of PTEN and reprogramed glucose metabolism in cultured HHCC cells. Conclusions The discovery that loss of PTEN allows the tumor metabolic program has been a major advance in understanding the carcinogenesis of HCC. Video abstract
Graphical abstract Graphic abstract showing that loss of PTEN regulates the tumor metabolic program in hepatocellular carcinoma. Loss of PTEN leads to activation of the PI3K pathway enhances the Warburg effect, thereby promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Enyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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