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Mastronikolis NS, Kyrodimos E, Piperigkou Z, Spyropoulou D, Delides A, Giotakis E, Alexopoulou M, Bakalis NA, Karamanos NK. Matrix-based molecular mechanisms, targeting and diagnostics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:368-382. [PMID: 38168122 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a head and neck cancer (HNC) with a high mortality rate. OSCC is developed in the oral cavity and it is triggered by many etiologic factors and can metastasize both regionally and distantly. Recent research advances in OSCC improved our understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in and the initiation of OSCC metastasis. The key roles of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in OSCC are an emerging area of intensive research as the ECM macromolecular network is actively involved in events that regulate cellular morphological and functional properties, transcription and cell signaling mechanisms in invasion and metastasis. The provisional matrix that is formed by cancer cells is profoundly different in composition and functions as compared with the matrix of normal tissue. Fibroblasts are mainly responsible for matrix production and remodeling, but in cancer, the tumor matrix in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also originates from cancer cells. Even though extensive research has been conducted on the role of ECM in regulating cancer pathogenesis, its role in modulating OSCC is less elucidated since there are several issues yet to be fully understood. This critical review is focused on recent research as to present and discuss on the involvement of ECM macromolecular effectors (i.e., proteoglycans, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases) in OSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Mastronikolis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Ippokrateion' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Spyropoulou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexander Delides
- 2nd Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Giotakis
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Ippokrateion' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- 2nd Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Miranda Alexopoulou
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nick A Bakalis
- Department of Nursing, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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2
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Rukmini D, Kannan B, Pandi C, Pandi A, Prasad P, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. Aberrated PSMA1 expression associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Odontology 2024; 112:950-958. [PMID: 38216818 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a globally prevalent cancer with significant mortality rates. OSCC a predominant subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), poses a substantial health burden. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, OSCC prognosis remains poor. The 26S proteasome, a cellular protein degradation complex, is associated with cancer, including PSMA1, a proteasomal subunit, which is upregulated in various cancers. We analyzed PSMA1 expression using TCGA data, validated it in OSCC samples using real-time PCR, and explored its role through various databases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients were examined, and PSMA1 expression was analyzed. Survival analysis assessed the impact of PSMA1 on patient outcomes, while immune infiltration was examined using the TIMER database. GeneMANIA, STRING, and Metascape were utilized for gene interaction and pathway analysis. PSMA1 was significantly upregulated in OSCC and HNSCC. Its overexpression correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients. PSMA1 expression is also related to immune cell infiltration. Gene interaction analysis revealed PSMA1 involvement in proteolysis regulation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. PSMA1 upregulation in HNSCC association with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis underscores its potential significance. Further research is warranted to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in OSCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodla Rukmini
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, TN, India
| | - Balachander Kannan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Chandra Pandi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Anitha Pandi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Prathibha Prasad
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, TN, India.
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3
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Simopoulou F, Kyrgias G, Georgakopoulos I, Avgousti R, Armpilia C, Skarlos P, Softa V, Theodorou K, Kouloulias V, Zygogianni A. Does adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer favorably impact dosimetric, clinical, and toxicity outcomes?: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38529. [PMID: 38941415 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current review aims to summarize the international experience of the impact of adaptive radiotherapy on dosimetry and clinical and toxicity outcomes. Additionally, it might trigger Radiation Oncologists to use ART and evaluate whether ART improves target volume coverage and/or normal tissue sparing and, consequently, therapeutic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an electronic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect from January 2007 to January 2023. The search adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and employed keywords such as ART, HNC, parotid gland, and target volume. Furthermore, we examined the reference lists for studies pertinent to the present review. This study included both retrospective and prospective studies that were considered for inclusion. CONCLUSION ART replanning appears to be a sustainable strategy to minimize toxicity by improving normal tissue sparing. Furthermore, it can enhance target volume coverage by correctly determining the specific dose to be delivered to the tumor. In conclusion, this review confirmed that ART benefits dosimetric, clinical/therapeutic, and toxicity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Simopoulou
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
| | - George Kyrgias
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgakopoulos
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rafaela Avgousti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Armpilia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Skarlos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Softa
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kiki Theodorou
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUOA), Athens, Greece
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SathiyaPriya S, Shavi GR, Sanga R, Shankar S, Gunasekaran L, Rahila C, Santhakumari S. Assessment of the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in a tertiary cancer center at Madurai, Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:959-965. [PMID: 38261447 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2081_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu using a questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for two months among 300 head and neck cancer patients at a tertiary cancer center in Madurai. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a pretested, self-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. RESULTS Of 300 head and neck cancer patients, the mean age of the patients was about 51.04 ± 16.49 years. The majority of the patients were male (80%), employed (85%), and literate (65%). Among the head and neck cancer patients, 65% were tobacco users and 42.4% were alcohol consumers. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of head and neck cancer, and 79.7% were diagnosed at an advanced stage of said cancer, such as stages III and IV. CONCLUSION Lack of knowledge and awareness is a major cause of increasing prevalence of head and neck cancer in our country. It is most important to increase the knowledge and awareness of early symptom recognition and its seriousness among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S SathiyaPriya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Girish R Shavi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganath Sanga
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Care Dental College, Guntur, Andhra Pardesh, India
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lalithambigai Gunasekaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Rahila
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Santhakumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vinayaka mission Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Firoozabad LA, Cheraghi S, Farahani S, Nikoofar A, Rezaeijo SM, Bakhshandeh M, Paydar R. Prediction of auditory brain stem responses damage in patients with head-and-neck cancers receiving radiotherapy using the functional assays of normal tissue complication probability models. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:802-810. [PMID: 39023586 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1485_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to set four NTCP models on clinical data and develop a model that calculates the possibility of hearing damage due to irradiation of healthy and at-risk brainstem tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS ABR tests were performed on 50 head-and-neck cancer patients three years after radiotherapy for evaluation of lesions in a part of the auditory nerve or the auditory pathway in the brainstem. RESULTS It indicated a significant difference in the latency of the waves assessed by the ABR test between the two groups. The paired sample t-test indicated the latency time of waves I, III, V, I-III, and I-V (P < 0.001) in the right ear, and in the left ear latency time of waves III, V, I-III, I-V, and III-V (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the case group's ear than those in the control group. The confidence interval of the fitted parameters was 95% for NTCP models. ABR test's binary outcome with differential dose-volume histograms (dDVHs) was calculated and imported as input to the NTCP modeling. The values of the parameters n = 2.3-2.9 and the value s = 1 were obtained, which indicated that the brainstem organ is seriality. CONCLUSION The best model ranked for the prediction of brainstem hearing damage was the logit model, which had the lowest Akaike value. The nervousness of the auditory organ of the brainstem (VIII nerve) can be declared as one of the reasons for being independent of the received dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Cheraghi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nikoofar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Rezaeijo
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Paydar
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Nteyumwete H, Civantos AM, Stanford-Moore GB, Yau J, Tuyishimire G, Umutoni J, Nyabyenda V, Ncogoza I, Shaye DA. Factors Influencing Delay in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Rwanda. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1663-1669. [PMID: 37847111 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck cancer is a significant contributor to global otolaryngologic disease burden, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the factors contributing to delays in head and neck cancer diagnosis at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK). METHODS Cross-sectional study of all patients with a pathologic diagnosis of head and neck cancer presenting to CHUK between January 2021 and June 2022. Sociodemographic data, tumor characteristics, and reasons for delay were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to evaluate risk factors for delays. RESULTS Eighty-one patients met criteria for inclusion. Median duration from patient first reported symptoms to initial medical consultation was 52 weeks, from initial medical consultation to referral to CHUK was 4 weeks, and from referral to final pathologic diagnosis was 6 weeks. The most common reason for delay to referral to CHUK was financial (37.04%). Patients who visited traditional healers had higher odds of delay between symptom onset and medical consultation (OR 3.51, CI 1.05-11.70). Delays in final diagnosis after referral were most commonly due to OR availability for biopsy (37.04%) and time for pathology results after biopsy (35.80%). OR availability had a significant impact on duration to final diagnosis (OR 59.48, CI 7.17-493.67). Stage 4 disease had the shortest time to final diagnosis (OR 0.05, CI 0.01-0.45). CONCLUSION Understanding the reasons for delayed diagnosis of head and neck cancer may help guide improvements in care, with the goal of reducing global head and neck burden of disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3; prospective non-random follow-up study Laryngoscope, 134:1663-1669, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirwa Nteyumwete
- Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Alyssa M Civantos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gaelen B Stanford-Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jenny Yau
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gratien Tuyishimire
- Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Josiane Umutoni
- Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Victor Nyabyenda
- Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Isaie Ncogoza
- Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - David A Shaye
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
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7
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Matos LL, Kowalski LP, Chaves ALF, de Oliveira TB, Marta GN, Curado MP, de Castro Junior G, Farias TP, Bardales GS, Cabrera MA, Capuzzo RDC, de Carvalho GB, Cernea CR, Dedivitis RA, Dias FL, Estefan AM, Falco AH, Ferraris GA, Gonzalez-Motta A, Gouveia AG, Jacinto AA, Kulcsar MAV, Leite AK, Lira RB, Mak MP, De Marchi P, de Mello ES, de Matos FCM, Montero PH, de Moraes ED, de Moraes FY, Morais DCR, Poenitz FM, Poitevin A, Riveros HO, Sanabria Á, Ticona-Castro M, Vartanian JG, Viani G, Vines EF, William Junior WN, Conway D, Virani S, Brennan P. Latin American Consensus on the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300343. [PMID: 38603656 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known as a serious health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries or those with limited resources, such as most countries in Latin America. International guidelines cannot always be applied to a population from a large region with specific conditions. This study established a Latin American guideline for care of patients with head and neck cancer and presented evidence of HNSCC management considering availability and oncologic benefit. A panel composed of 41 head and neck cancer experts systematically worked according to a modified Delphi process on (1) document compilation of evidence-based answers to different questions contextualized by resource availability and oncologic benefit regarding Latin America (region of limited resources and/or without access to all necessary health care system infrastructure), (2) revision of the answers and the classification of levels of evidence and degrees of recommendations of all recommendations, (3) validation of the consensus through two rounds of online surveys, and (4) manuscript composition. The consensus consists of 12 sections: Head and neck cancer staging, Histopathologic evaluation of head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-oral cavity, Clinical oncology-oral cavity, Head and neck surgery-oropharynx, Clinical oncology-oropharynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-reconstruction and rehabilitation, and Radiation therapy. The present consensus established 48 recommendations on HNSCC patient care considering the availability of resources and focusing on oncologic benefit. These recommendations could also be used to formulate strategies in other regions like Latin America countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Luongo Matos
- Head and Neck Surgery, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto de Castro Junior
- Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Munyo Estefan
- Profesor Adjunto Catedra de Otorrinolaringologia del Hospital de Clínicas, Montevidéu, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Andre Guimarães Gouveia
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marco Aurelio Vamondes Kulcsar
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Kober Leite
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Bezerra Lira
- AC Camargo Cancer Center and Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Perez Mak
- 3Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pablo H Montero
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Álvaro Sanabria
- 4Department of Surgery, Universidad de Antioquia, Hospital Alma Mater, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Ticona-Castro
- 5ESMO Member, Peruvian Society of Medical Oncology (S.P.O.M.) Member, La Molina, Peru
| | - José Guilherme Vartanian
- 6Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Viani
- 7Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eugenio F Vines
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Shama Virani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
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Li L, Yu M, Li X, Ma X, Zhu L, Zhang T. A deep learning method for multi-task intelligent detection of oral cancer based on optical fiber Raman spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1659-1673. [PMID: 38419435 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the fight against oral cancer, innovative methods like Raman spectroscopy and deep learning have become powerful tools, particularly in integral tasks encompassing tumor staging, lymph node staging, and histological grading. These aspects are essential for the development of effective treatment strategies and prognostic assessment. However, it is important to note that most research so far has focused on solutions to one of these problems and has not taken full advantage of the potential wealth of information in the data. To compensate for this shortfall, we conceived a method that combines Raman spectroscopy with deep learning for simultaneous processing of multiple classification tasks, including tumor staging, lymph node staging, and histological grading. To achieve this innovative approach, we collected 1750 Raman spectra from 70 tissue samples, including normal and cancerous tissue samples from 35 patients with oral cancer. In addition, we used a deep neural network architecture to design four distinct multi-task network (MTN) models for intelligent oral cancer diagnosis, named MTN-Alexnet, MTN-Googlenet, MTN-Resnet50, and MTN-Transformer. To determine their effectiveness, we compared these multitask models to each other and to single-task models and traditional machine learning methods. The preliminary experimental results show that our multi-task network model has good performance, among which MTN-Transformer performs best. Specifically, MTN-Transformer has an accuracy of 81.5%, a precision of 82.1%, a sensitivity of 80.2%, and an F1_score of 81.1% in terms of tumor staging. In the field of lymph node staging, the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1_score of MTN-Transformer are 81.3%, 83.0%, 80.1%, and 81.5% respectively. Similarly, for the histological grading classification tasks, the accuracy was 83.0%, the precision 84.3%, the sensitivity 76.7%, and the F1_score 80.2%. This code is available at https://github.com/ISCLab-Bistu/MultiTask-OralRamanSystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Guangzhou Nansha Intelligent Photonic Sensing Research Institute, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong 511462, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xinsong Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Lianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
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9
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I A, Raghavan Pillai VB, P Joseph A, Ramani P, P J, Ramalingam K. Identification and Evaluation of Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Using NANOG: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55111. [PMID: 38558704 PMCID: PMC10979711 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity may show precursor lesions, termed as potentially malignant disorders, of which leukoplakia is the most frequent one. Oral leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis for which the histological diagnosis may be either hyperplasia or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and sometimes even oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), identified in various tumors, are a specific group of cells that exhibit the properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Among the various biomarkers that identify CSCs, the transcription factor NANOG is considered to be a significant one. AIM In this study, we intend to identify and compare the immunohistochemical expression of NANOG in OSCC, OED, and normal oral mucosa. METHODOLOGY Tissue blocks of OSCC (n=28), OED (n=28), and normal oral mucosa (n=28) were used in this study. Specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed for NANOG expression. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell post hoc, and Student t-test. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 21; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software was used for performing the statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set as 0.05. OBSERVATIONS NANOG expression was higher in OSCC when compared to oral dysplasias and normal oral mucosa, in decreasing order. A significantly higher histo-score and labeling index score were observed in OSCC and oral dysplasias compared to normal oral mucosa (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION The expression levels of NANOG were positively correlated with disease progression in OSCC, implicating that NANOG can be used as a surrogate marker of oral oncogenesis and prognosis. Therefore, decoding the molecular mechanisms of NANOG regulation in the progression of cancer helps in developing new therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya I
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, IND
| | - Varun B Raghavan Pillai
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, IND
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jayanthi P
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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10
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Yelishetty H, Yadav JS, Sethi C, Chaurasia R, Singh M, Mahur S, Tripathi S, Bam B, Gupta S. Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Operability with and without Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:626-632. [PMID: 38440429 PMCID: PMC10908765 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To compare and evaluation of surgical operability with and without induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck malignancy grossly refers to squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (HNSCC) have multiple treatment modalities and strategies, when opted in an appropriate manner renders tumours curable. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluation of surgical operability with and without induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. A prospective observational study involving 50 patients of histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region. Patients were categorized into two major groups, group-1 patients included resectable tumour stage and group-2 included unresectable tumour stage. Both groups were compared after appropriate chemotherapy and surgical intervention. There were a total of 78% males and 22% females with majority of patients in age group of 41-60 years. 54% patients had ulcerative type of growth pattern and most patients had primary site of lesion in oral cavity. 50% patients had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy was considered in 70% of patients, while majority of patients were belonging to T4N2M0 stage. In this study, we recommend that the borderline category of patients who are initially in an unresectable tumour stage can undergo induction chemotherapy to downstage and shrink the tumour to a resectable stage following which the appropriate surgical intervention should be done with a close monitoring and sustained follow up to prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mayank Singh
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | - Sachin Mahur
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Bomkar Bam
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
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11
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Sambath J, Noronha V, Manda SS, Mishra R, Chandrani P, Patil V, Menon N, Chougule A, Ramachandran V, Limaye S, Kuriakose MA, Banavali SD, Kumar P, Prabhash K. Whole exome sequencing uncovers HRAS mutations as potential mediators of resistance to metronomic chemotherapy. Gene 2024; 893:147952. [PMID: 37918550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study is to identify the genetic factors that contribute to the response of metronomic chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study would facilitate the identification of predictive biomarkers, which would enable personalized treatment strategies and improve treatment outcomes for patients with HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have selected patients with recurrent head and neck cancer who underwent metronomic chemotherapy. Sequential tumor biopsies were collected from the patients at different stages of treatment to capture the genomic alterations and tumor evolution during metronomic chemotherapy and sequenced using WES. RESULTS We identified several known HNSCC hallmark genes reported in COSMIC, including KMT2B, NOTCH1, FAT1, TP53, HRAS, CASP8, and CDKN2A. Copy number alteration analysis revealed amplifications and deletions in several oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. COSMIC Mutational Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 73% of HNSCC samples. Further, the comparison of genomic alterations between responders and non-responders identified HRAS gene uniquely mutated in non-responders that could potentially contribute to resistance against metronomic chemotherapy. DISCUSSION Our findings corroborate the molecular heterogeneity of recurrent HNSCC tumors and establish an association between HRAS mutations and resistance to metronomic chemotherapy, suggesting HRAS as a potential therapeutic target. Combining HRAS inhibitors with metronomic regimens could improve treatment sensitivity in HRAS-mutated HNSCC patients. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the genomic mechanisms underlying the response to metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Sambath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | - Srikanth S Manda
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Division of Medical and Precision Oncology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India.
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12
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Feng Y, Qi Y, Zhang Q, Zhang M. Sevoflurane inhibits oral squamous carcinoma progression by modulating the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14362. [PMID: 37770418 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a kind of oral malignant tumor with the highest incidence. This study investigated whether sevoflurane (SEV) inhibited OSCC cell progression by regulating circular RNA_0000857 (circ_0000857). OSCC cells were anesthetized with SEV at different concentrations. The expression of circ_0000857 and microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability was assayed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell migration and invasion were examined by the wound-healing assay and transwell. Tube formation assay detected angiogenesis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins. Compared with the control group, SEV inhibited OSCC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. SEV treatment significantly decreased circ_0000857 expression level, but increased miR-145-5p expression level in SCC4 and HSC3 cells. MiR-145-5p was a target of circ_0000857, and miR-145-5p inhibitor reversed the suppressing effects mediated by circ_0000857 silencing on OSCC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. SEV inhibited the level of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein by regulating the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis. In all, SEV regulated the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of OSCC cells through the circ_0000857/miR-145-5p axis, which provided a basis for the potential role of SEV in the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Yingjun Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenyang Anorectal Hospital, Shenyang City, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
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Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Guglas K, Kolenda T, Lamperska K, Makałowska I. miRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: promising but still distant future of personalized oncology. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:681-697. [PMID: 38179293 PMCID: PMC10764040 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.96666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Lack of appropriate preventive screening tests, late detection, and high heterogeneity of these tumors are the main reasons for the unsatisfactory effects of therapy and, consequently, unfavorable outcomes for patients. An opportunity to improve the quality of diagnostics and treatment of this group of cancers are microRNAs (miRNAs) - molecules with a great potential both as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to present the characteristics of these short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and summarize the current reports on their use in oncology focused on medical strategies tailored to patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater oland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater oland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater oland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater oland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Makałowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Li X, Li L, Sun Q, Chen B, Zhao C, Dong Y, Zhu Z, Zhao R, Ma X, Yu M, Zhang T. Rapid multi-task diagnosis of oral cancer leveraging fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1272305. [PMID: 37881489 PMCID: PMC10597702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1272305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer, a predominant malignancy in developing nations, represents a global health challenge with a five-year survival rate below 50%. Nonetheless, substantial reductions in both its incidence and mortality rates can be achieved through early detection and appropriate treatment. Crucial to these treatment plans and prognosis predictions is the identification of the pathological type of oral cancer. Methods Toward this end, fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy emerges as an effective tool. This study combines Raman spectroscopy technology with deep learning algorithms to develop a portable intelligent prototype for oral case analysis. We propose, for the first time, a multi-task network (MTN) Raman spectroscopy classification model that utilizes a shared backbone network to simultaneously achieve different clinical staging and histological grading diagnoses. Results The developed model demonstrated accuracy rates of 94.88%, 94.57%, and 94.34% for tumor staging, lymph node staging, and histological grading, respectively. Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compare closely with the gold standard: routine histopathological examination. Discussion Thus, this prototype proposed in this study has great potential for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free pathological diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Zhao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinsong Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Sexton GP, Walsh P, Moriarty F, Lennon P, O'Neill JP. Survival in an era of organ preservation: an update on laryngeal cancer in Ireland. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:4587-4595. [PMID: 37326667 PMCID: PMC10477096 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer epidemiology has changed in recent years, with falling incidence observed internationally. Organ preservation therapies have revolutionised management, though some patients may be unsuitable and survival was noted to fall in the 2000s. This study examines trends in laryngeal cancer in Ireland. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of National Cancer Registry of Ireland data from 1994 to 2014. RESULTS From a cohort of 2651, glottic disease was most common (62%, n = 1646). Incidence rose to 3.43 cases/100,000/year for 2010-2014. 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 60.6% and did not change significantly over time. Overall survival (OS) for T3 disease managed with primary radiotherapy was similar to primary surgery (HR 0.98, p = 0.9). DSS for T3 disease improved with primary radiotherapy (HR 0.72, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Incidence of laryngeal cancer in Ireland rose despite international trends, while survival changed little. Radiotherapy improves DSS for T3 disease but does not improve OS, possibly secondary to poor organ function post-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P Sexton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Paul Walsh
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frank Moriarty
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul Lennon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - James Paul O'Neill
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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16
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Seedat J, Coutts K, Vlok E. Epidemiology and demographics of head and neck cancer in Africa: A scoping review. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2023; 15:e1-e13. [PMID: 37526561 PMCID: PMC11022662 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- to middle-income countries account for 70% of global cancer deaths. Evidence of the changing prevalence of head and neck cancer in Africa in terms of gender, race and epidemiology will inform future research and health planning. AIM To synthesise epidemiological literature for head and neck cancer in Africa from 2010 to 2020. METHOD A scoping review was completed. The Joanna Briggs Institute Population, context and concept framework confirmed the inclusion criteria. Studies from Africa that included participant demographics, the types, stages, signs and symptoms of head and neck cancer were selected. Five databases were used. Descriptive statistics was completed. RESULTS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis guided the reporting of the findings. Of the 1891 articles downloaded, 66 were included in the final review. Nigeria produced the most studies and oral cancer at 74% was most prevalent. Substance abuse was the most prevalent cause. Diagnosis of head and neck cancers were in the late stage (stage IV) when signs and symptoms were severe. Males of lower socioeconomic status tended to have less health seeking behaviour. CONCLUSION Countries from North Africa produce the most research outputs on head and neck cancers. Gender differences were noted and may be linked to lifestyle choices. A range of head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent however late diagnosis and severe symptomatology impact treatment options.Contribution: Earlier diagnosis and intervention to prevent late-stage diagnosis is necessary. Awareness campaigns linked to evidence on causes, habits and lifestyle choices, signs and symptoms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishika Seedat
- Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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17
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Mehmood H, Laique T, Ahmad A, Ahmad R. Assessment of Acute Side Effects Among 3D-Concurrent Radiotherapy With Cisplatin-Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e44238. [PMID: 37772219 PMCID: PMC10523176 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy has become one of the basic components of multidisciplinary treatment for head and neck cancer. Generally, patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck receive cisplatin-based chemoradiation. AIMS In the current project, the goal was to assess 3D-CRT with cisplatin-induced acute side effects (dermatitis plus xerostomia) among head and neck cancer patients. METHODOLOGY This descriptive case series was held at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan, with an enrollment of 106 head and neck cancer patients following the hospital's ethical approval. All patients received 3D-CRT with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy according to the oncology treatment protocol at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology. The evaluation of enrolled patients was done during treatment at a weekly interval and at one-month post-radiation. Stage 3 patients (17.9%) received chemo-radiation therapy with 40 mg/m2 cisplatin once weekly for seven weeks. All patients received 70 grays in 35 fractions with two grays per fraction over the course of seven weeks following a standard protocol. All enrolled cases had biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. analyzed the data. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied, while a p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS All patients developed acute skin changes (dermatitis plus xerostomia) as a side effect of radiation therapy, with cisplatin having different grades during treatment until seven weeks. However, these changes improved and became less severe in terms of grade after one month of post-treatment among all patients. CONCLUSION It was concluded that 3D-CRT was associated with dermatitis and xerostomia during and immediately after follow-up, even though the treatment response was good. However, clinical signs and symptoms improved, indicating that radiation therapy is a relatively safe treatment modality among cancer patients. Moreover, 40 mg/m2 cisplatin once weekly for seven weeks resulted in better loco-regional control and survival among advanced-stage head and neck cancer patients as a part of treatment. Although, higher doses of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 ) every three weeks have more harmful acute side effects and delay treatment for patients due to poor compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Mehmood
- Dermatology, James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, GBR
| | - Talha Laique
- Pharmacology, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Radiation Oncology, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Ophthalmology, James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, GBR
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Gao F, Feng Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Li T, Wang Y, Ge S, Wang C, Chi J, Tan X, Wang N. Neutrophils regulate tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the role of Chemerin. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110540. [PMID: 37354780 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Studies have established the correlation between neutrophils and tumor angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. A previous study found that overexpression of Chemerin- in OSCC increased the infiltration of neutrophils in tumor tissues. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the development and progression of OSCC, which have great significance in enhancing the postoperative survival of patients with OSCC. This study evaluated the accuracy of neutrophil count combined with MVD in predicting patients' survival time and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Additionally, the study explored the effects of the Chemerin-neutrophil interaction on the angiogenic function of HUVECs. In OSCC, the overexpression of Chemerin promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs through neutrophils. Moreover, Chemerin upregulated pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF-A, MMP-9, MMP-2, and S100A9) in neutrophils by activating MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Chemerin may promote tumor growth by regulating tumor angiogenesis. In conclusion, the results suggest that neutrophil count and MVD serve as poor prognostic factors for patients with OSCC, and their combination is a more effective factor in predicting the survival time of OSCC patients. Neutrophils potentially contribute to angiogenesis through MEK/ERK signaling pathway via Chemerin and participate in the progression and metastasis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Hu
- Biological Therapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengyou Ge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengqin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinghua Chi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China.
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Arevalo MVPN, Maslog EAS, Manlongat KD, Ornos EDB, Chitapanarux I, Eala MAB, Dee EC. Social determinants of sex disparities in cancer in Southeast Asia. iScience 2023; 26:107110. [PMID: 37456827 PMCID: PMC10339016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex disparities in cancer exist along the cancer spectrum, ranging from genomic predisposition and behavioral risk factors to access to screening, diagnostics, treatment, and survivorship care. A growing body of research is studying the biological underpinnings of these differences, from cancer risk to tumor biology to treatment response. It is well known, however, that the social determinants of health play a large role across the cancer disease continuum, which encompasses risk, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Less literature focuses on the gendered disparities that are epidemiologic in nature, especially in Southeast Asia (SEA), a diverse region that is home to nearly 670 million people, where most are lower middle income countries, and where socioeconomic and cultural factors increase cancer risk for women. In this review, we highlight the social drivers of gendered disparities, namely the geographic, environmental, sociocultural, economic, and political forces that contribute to the increased mortality and poorer health outcomes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric David B. Ornos
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Imjai Chitapanarux
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Northern Thai Research Group of Radiation Oncology (NTRG-RO), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Michelle Ann B. Eala
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, 1000 Manila, Philippines
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Bera S, Choudhury D, Roy S, Mukhopadhyay P, Sarkar S. Development of Prediction Model for Mean Parotid Dose of HNC Undergoing Radiotherapy - A Single Institutional Study. J Med Phys 2023; 48:274-280. [PMID: 37969153 PMCID: PMC10642594 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to develop a simple prediction model based on previous treatment plans for head-and-neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 95 patients who underwent volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with curative intent for HNC at our institute between January 2016 and December 2022 with intact bilateral parotid glands. Two simple prediction models were used: one linear regression model and one exponential model. Both models use fractional overlapping parotid volume with planning target volume (PTV) as a predictor of mean parotid dose. The fractional overlapping volume was calculated as the difference between the volume of the parotid gland minus the volume of the parotid gland outside the PTV plus a 2 mm margin, divided by the volume of the parotid gland. Statistical calculations were done using data analysis tools and Solver in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office 2013, Redmond, WA, USA). To enhance the accuracy of the results, outliers were excluded with residuals >2 standard deviations below and above the residuals. R2 and root-mean-square error were calculated for both models to evaluate the quality of the predictions. The normality of both models' residuals was validated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results Both linear and exponential prediction models exhibited strong correlation statistics, with r2 = 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. The authors found a fractional overlap of 16.4% and 18.9% in linear and exponential models that predict parotid mean dose 26 Gy. The implementation was carried out on a cohort of 12 prospective patients, demonstrating a remarkable improvement in minimizing the dose to the parotid glands. Conclusion In this single-institutional study, the authors successfully developed a prediction model for mean parotid dose in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy. The model showed promising accuracy and has the potential to assist planners in optimizing treatment plans and minimizing radiation-related toxicity. It is possible to avoid under sparing the organs at risks in some cases and wasting time or effort on physically impossible goals in others using this prediction model. As a result, planning resources can be used much more efficiently. Future studies should focus on validating the model's performance using external datasets and exploring its integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Bera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipika Choudhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Sarkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Bhattacharya K, Mahajan A, Vaish R, Rane S, Shukla S, D'Cruz AK. Imaging of Neck Nodes in Head and Neck Cancers - a Comprehensive Update. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:429-445. [PMID: 37061456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell cancers significantly reduce disease-free survival and worsen overall prognosis and, hence, deserve more aggressive management and follow-up. As per the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual, extranodal extension, especially in human papillomavirus-negative cancers, has been incorporated in staging as it is important in deciding management and significantly impacts the outcome of head and neck squamous cell cancer. Lymph node imaging with various radiological modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, has been widely used, not only to demonstrate nodal involvement but also for guided histopathological evaluation and therapeutic intervention. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, together with positron emission tomography, are used widely for the follow-up of treated patients. Finally, there is an emerging role for artificial intelligence in neck node imaging that has shown promising results, increasing the accuracy of detection of nodal involvement, especially normal-appearing nodes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of involved neck nodes with a focus on sentinel node anatomy, pathogenesis, imaging correlates (including radiogenomics and artificial intelligence) and the role of image-guided interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhattacharya
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Mahajan
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - R Vaish
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Rane
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Shukla
- Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K D'Cruz
- Apollo Hospitals, India; Union International Cancer Control (UICC), Geneva, Switzerland; Foundation of Head Neck Oncology, India
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22
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Goyal N, Hennessy M, Lehman E, Lin W, Agudo A, Ahrens W, Boccia S, Brennan P, Brenner H, Cadoni G, Canova C, Chen C, Conway D, Curado MP, Dal Maso L, Daudt AW, Edefonti V, Fabianova E, Fernandez L, Franceschi S, Garavello W, Gillison M, Hayes RB, Healy C, Herrero R, Holcatova I, Kanda JL, Kelsey K, Hansen BT, Koifman R, Lagiou P, La Vecchia C, Levi F, Li G, Lissowska J, Mendoza López R, Luce D, Macfarlane G, Mates D, Matsuo K, McClean M, Menezes A, Menvielle G, Morgenstern H, Moysich K, Negri E, Olshan AF, Pandics T, Polesel J, Purdue M, Radoi L, Ramroth H, Richiardi L, Schantz S, Schwartz SM, Serraino D, Shangina O, Smith E, Sturgis EM, Świątkowska B, Thomson P, Vaughan TL, Vilensky M, Winn DM, Wunsch-Filho V, Yu GP, Zevallos JP, Zhang ZF, Zheng T, Znaor A, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Lee YCA, Muscat JE. Risk factors for head and neck cancer in more and less developed countries: Analysis from the INHANCE consortium. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1565-1578. [PMID: 35322907 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the pooled case-control data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to compare cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption risk factors for head and neck cancer between less developed and more developed countries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The location of each study was categorized as either a less developed or more developed country. We compared the risk of overall head and neck cancer and cancer of specific anatomic subsites associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Additionally, age and sex distribution between categories was compared. RESULTS The odds ratios for head and neck cancer sites associated with smoking duration differed between less developed and more developed countries. Smoking greater than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oral cavity and laryngeal cancer in more developed countries, whereas the risk was greater for oropharynx and hypopharynx cancer in less developed countries. Alcohol consumed for more than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx cancer in less developed countries. The proportion of cases that were young (<45 years) or female differed by country type for some HNC subsites. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the degree of industrialization and economic development affects the relationship between smoking and alcohol with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerav Goyal
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Max Hennessy
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erik Lehman
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenxue Lin
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriella Cadoni
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Patologia Testa Collo e Organi di Senso, Facoltà Medicina e, Chirurgia Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Conway
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Luigino Dal Maso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | | | - Silvia Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Gillison
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claire Healy
- Trinity College School of Dental Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rolando Herrero
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jossy L Kanda
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Hospital de Ensino, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Rosalina Koifman
- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Levi
- Institut Universitaire de Medecine Sociale et Preventive (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guojun Li
- UT-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rossana Mendoza López
- Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danièle Luce
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael McClean
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gwenn Menvielle
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Mark Purdue
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York, USA
| | - Loredana Radoi
- INSERM UMR 1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Cancer Epidemiology, Genes and Environment Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Heribert Ramroth
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Diego Serraino
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | | | - Elaine Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marta Vilensky
- Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ariana Znaor
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin A Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ren Y, Da J, Ren J, Song Y, Han J. An autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36814212 PMCID: PMC9945660 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral cancer with a poor prognosis. At present, there is not any systematic study on autophagy-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to predict the survival of patients with TSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this research, the cohort of TSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ten lncRNAs related to autophagy AC010326.3, AL160006.1, AL122010.1, AC139530.1, AC092747.4, AL139287.1, MIR503HG, AC009318.2, LINC01711, and LINC02560 are significantly correlated with prognosis. Based on these lncRNAs, a prognostic signature was established. This signature has an AUC value of 0.782, which accurately distinguishes patients of TSCC into high-risk and low-risk groups in different clinical hierarchical information (such as gender, age, etc.). RESULTS The clinical nomogram with autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic characteristics has a concordance index of 0.81, and accurately predicts the survival time at 1-year and 3-year of TSCC patients. Related functional enrichment results indicate that the pathways of the high-risk group are enriched on cancer and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature established in this study could accurately predict the prognosis of TSCC patients and may be a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Ren
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Junlong Da
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Junyu Ren
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Oral Implant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Ye Song
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jingying Han
- Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Pytel A, Zielińska A, Staś J, Chabowski M. Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Nutritional Status of Polish Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020659. [PMID: 36675586 PMCID: PMC9862327 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a global epidemiological and clinical problem. In 2020, it was the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide. In 2019, HNC was the fourth most common cause of cancer death among men in Poland. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of patients with HNC at all clinical stages. However, it is associated with a significant rate of early and late adverse effects. As head and neck cancers are located close to vital anatomical structures, both the local progression of the disease and the treatments used can cause serious problems for patients with HNC, reducing their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as increasing the risk of depressive disorders. Despite this, the current literature lacks research on these aspects of the therapeutic process in the Polish population. The aim of this study was to assess the early impact of radiotherapy on HRQoL outcomes, psychological distress, nutritional status, and overall performance of patients with HNC. METHODS The study was carried out among 85 patients with HNC treated in the Inpatient Radiotherapy Unit of the Radiotherapy Department of the Lower Silesian Oncology Center in Wrocław. The patients were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the EORTC QLQ-H&N35, the BDI, the NRS-2002, and the ECOG scale, at two time points: before the initiation of radiotherapy treatment and after a course of radiotherapy. The period between the assessments was 7 to 8 weeks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated a negative impact of radiotherapy on scores in all the cancer-specific symptom and functioning scales used in the study. As regards functioning scales, the largest differences were observed for senses and swallowing, whereas with symptoms scales, the largest differences were noted for "sticky saliva" and "dry mouth". Over half of the patients included in the study required nutritional support after radiotherapy treatment. We found statistically significant differences in the levels of depressive symptom severity before and after radiotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION The present study showed significant changes in the physical and psychological functioning and nutritional status of the patients with HNC studied after radiotherapy treatment, which may have an impact on the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pytel
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Bartla Street, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zielińska
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 12 Hirszfeld Square, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Staś
- Student Research Club No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Anaesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Bartla Street, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-660-247; Fax: +48-261-660-245
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Habib M, Korman M, Aliasi-Sinai L, den Otter-Moore S, Gotlib Conn L, Murray A, Carno Jacobson M, Enepekides D, Higgins K, Ellis J. Understanding compassionate care from the patient perspective: Highlighting the experience of head and neck cancer care. Can Oncol Nurs J 2023; 33:74-86. [PMID: 36789223 PMCID: PMC9894371 DOI: 10.5737/2368807633174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To address the knowledge gap in the practice of compassionate healthcare by elucidating patient perspectives on compassion, empathy, and sympathy. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted at two time points with patients undergoing head and neck cancer treatment. Questions explored participants' understanding of compassion, sympathy, and empathy, as they relate to each other and to healthcare. Interviewers manually recorded responses. Qualitative exploratory methods were used to analyze data; inductive line-by-line coding was conducted to develop primary codes. Themes emerged through categorization of codes. Results Ninety-five interviews conducted with 63 participants across two time points revealed four major themes - Compassion-vs-Empathy-vs-Sympathy, Coping Methods, Showing Care, and Nature of Interaction - encompassing seven categories, with a total of 24 codes. Codes were consistent across time points, except for two new codes, "positivity" and "personalized" emerging during follow-up interviews. Conclusions Patient narrative from this study supported the concept that compassion is multidimensional and enabled several dimensions to be identified, highlighting the importance of patient perspectives in improving the provision of compassionate healthcare. Findings should be considered in future training and practice.
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Tumor immunology. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abdulla M, Belal AA, Sakr A, El Arab LE, Mokhtar M, Allahloubi N, Ghali R, Hashem T, Arafat W. Eligibility criteria to cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Egyptian expert opinion. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1037. [PMID: 36698712 PMCID: PMC9847398 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of cisplatin in clinical practice in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited by its toxicity and acquired resistance, which makes the decision-making process of its prescription multifactorial. Methods An Egyptian expert panel (comprising nine Egyptian oncologists) meeting was held after a comprehensive literature review on the use of cisplatin in HNSCC. The panel aimed to develop a consensus on evidence-based recommendations for receiving cisplatin in the chemoradiotherapy management of HNSCC in Egyptian clinical practice. Results The panel indicated that an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) > 2, creatinine clearance (CCR) < 50 ml/min, neuropathy grade ≥ 2, pre-existing hearing loss or tinnitus ≥2, hematological problems (platelets < 100,000/mm3, neutrophils < 1500/mm, and hemoglobin < 9 g/dl), and heart failure of New York Heart Association Classes III or IV (even if cardiovascular therapy is optimized); are all absolute contraindications to receiving cisplatin. On the other hand, relative contraindications to cisplatin according to the panel were an ECOG PS of 2, age more than 70 years, CCR between 50 and 60 ml/min, grade 1 neuropathy, grade 1 hearing loss, involuntary weight loss of ≥20% of body weight, Child-Pugh Scores B and C, previous induction chemotherapy, and heart failure of New York Heart Association Classes I or II with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%. The panel agreed that the socioeconomic status of patients should be considered when prescribing cisplatin to HNSCC patients. Conclusion Our discussion resulted in a set of evidence-based recommendations for cisplatin eligibility criteria in patients of HNSCC in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulla
- Department of Oncology, Kasr Al‐Aini School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Abdel Aziz Belal
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Amr Sakr
- Department of Oncology, Kasr Al‐Aini School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Lobna E. El Arab
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mohsen Mokhtar
- Department of Oncology, Kasr Al‐Aini School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Nasr Allahloubi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Ramy Ghali
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Tarek Hashem
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of MedicineMenoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt
| | - Waleed Arafat
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
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Habib M, Korman M, Aliasi-Sinai L, den Otter-Moore S, Gotlib Conn L, Murray A, Carno Jacobson M, Enepekides D, Higgins K, Ellis J. Étude des soins compatissants du point de vue du patient dans l’optique particulière des soins du cancer de la tête et du cou. Can Oncol Nurs J 2023; 33:87-100. [PMID: 36789210 PMCID: PMC9894365 DOI: 10.5737/2368807633187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectifs Améliorer les connaissances sur la pratique des soins compatissants en mettant en lumière le point de vue des patients sur la compassion, l’empathie et la sympathie. Méthodes Des entretiens téléphoniques semi-structurés ont été menés à deux moments précis avec des patients suivant un traitement contre le cancer de la tête et du cou. Les questions visaient à explorer la compréhension qu’ont les participants de la compassion, de la sympathie, de l’empathie et des relations mutuelles entre ces notions dans un contexte de soins de santé. Les chercheurs ont consigné manuellement les réponses. Des méthodes exploratoires qualitatives ont été utilisées pour analyser les données et un codage inductif ligne par ligne a été effectué pour développer des codes primaires. Une catégorisation des codes a ensuite permis de faire ressortir des thèmes récurrents. Résultats Quatre-vingt-quinze entretiens menés avec 63 participants à deux moments différents ont fait ressortir quatre thèmes principaux: 1) manifestations de bienveillance; 2) nature des interactions; 3) compassion, empathie et sympathie; 4) méthodes d’adaptation. Ces thèmes se subdivisaient en sept catégories, conduisant à un total de 24 codes. Les codes étaient cohérents d’un point de vue temporel, à l’exception de deux nouveaux codes, « positivité » et « personnalisé », apparus lors des entretiens de suivi. Conclusions Les témoignages des patients de cette étude ont conforté le concept selon lequel la compassion est multidimensionnelle et ont permis de définir plusieurs dimensions de ce sentiment, soulignant l’importance de tenir compte du point de vue des patients pour améliorer la prestation de soins compatissants. Les conclusions devraient être intégrées dans les formations et les pratiques futures.
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Meredith E, O'Donovan J, Errington L, Mathur M, Hamilton D. The role of community healthcare workers in head and neck cancer: A systematic scoping review of the literature. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3283-3302. [PMID: 35298354 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2049847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) will cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide by 2030. This is coupled with a shortage of trained healthcare professionals to manage HNC. An alternative cadre of workers - community healthcare workers (CHWs) - could be deployed to address this shortage. A systematic scoping review was conducted. Seven major databases were searched from inception to 30 June 2021. Studies were included from across the globe and excluded if the focus was not on HNC or CHWs. We identified 13 studies for inclusion. Twelve were based in India. CHWs were deployed in education and awareness raising initiatives, community screening, and ensuring compliance with treatment and follow-up. CHWs were compared to specialists for effectiveness in four studies with one reporting sensitivity of 94·3% and specificity 99·3% for HNC screening. This review highlights ways in which CHWs can be deployed to meet the growing demand for HNC services. The existing evidence suggests that CHWs can have potential roles in screening for HNC, therefore facilitating an earlier diagnosis. It is important this screening is implemented where there is appropriate capacity to manage HNC. Further research needs to be carried out to explore barriers and facilitators to these programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Meredith
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital Trust, ENT Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Linda Errington
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manu Mathur
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - David Hamilton
- ENT Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Adlakha P, Maheshwari G, Dhanawat A, Sinwer R, Singhal M, Jakhar SL, Sharma N, Kumar HS. Comparison of two schedules of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in locally advanced head-and-neck cancers. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S151-S156. [PMID: 36510956 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1793_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim In India, more than 70% patients present as locally advanced head-and-neck cancers (LAHNC), with poor performance status and are suitable candidates for palliative radiotherapy (RT) aimed at symptom relief. This prospective study aims to compare two different short course hypo-fractionated RT regimens in patients of LAHNC at a regional cancer centre of north-west India. Materials and Methods A total of 70 patients of LAHNC were randomized to receive palliative RT in two groups of 35 each. Group A received 30 Gy/10# over 2 weeks and Group B received 20 Gy/5# over 1 week. Baseline symptoms of pain, dysphagia, insomnia, dysphonia, bleeding, fungation, and dyspnea were assessed before the start of study. The first assessment for toxicities, subjective and objective response was done at the conclusion of RT and then after 4-6 weeks. Results Out of total 70 patients, 71% were males and 29% were females with a median age of 54 years. The most common sites were oropharynx (39%) followed by larynx (24%), oral cavity (20%), and hypopharynx (17%). Nearly 60% of the patients in both groups presented in stage IV and 40% in stage III. At conclusion of RT and at 4-6 weeks follow-up, both groups showed similar results in terms of symptom palliation, objective response, and acute toxicities. Group B showed higher incidence of Grade III and above mucositis (P = 0.027). Median overall survival was found to be 5.9 months (range 1-15 months) in group A and 6.1 months (range 1-18 months) in Group B. Conclusion Hypo-fractionated RT promises to effectively relieve symptoms in LAHNC and reduces the need of analgesics and hospital visits. Furthermore, a shorter overall treatment time is beneficial at high volume centers and is also welcomed by patients with shorter life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Adlakha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Guncha Maheshwari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya Dhanawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Sinwer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Singhal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shankar Lal Jakhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harvindra Singh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Gebril MAB, Mukhtar WNO, Elhassan MMA, Mahmoud I. Incidence Characteristics and Histological Types of Head and Neck Cancer among Adults in Central Sudan: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13814. [PMID: 36360694 PMCID: PMC9656960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent in Sudan, but the reasons for this and the incidence of different types of HNCs are not well understood. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of HNCs among patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in central Sudan. All cancer cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the NCI records. Of the 9475 new cancer patients who were registered at the NCI during the study period, 1033 (11%) had HNCs, of whom 767 (74.2%) were adults. The mean age of the adult patients was 54.5 years (standard deviation 15.8) and 449 (58.5%) patients were male. The annual incidence in adults was 4/105 population. The most common HNC sites were the nasopharynx (25.3%), hypopharynx (22.8%), and oral cavity (22.2%). Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (87.6%), followed by lymphoma (5.6%). Most patients' tumors were at a locally advanced (22%) or metastatic stage (47%) of HNCs at the time of presentation. Further studies to identify risk factors for HNCs, particularly for the most prevalent types in central Sudan, are needed. In addition, Sudan requires capacity building for cancer, including a national cancer registry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wail Nuri Osman Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
| | | | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Improvement of specific aiming of X-ray radiotherapy on HER2-overexpressing cancerous cell lines by targeted delivery of silver nanoparticle. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Human Papillomavirus Positive and Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810967. [PMID: 36142875 PMCID: PMC9504918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are important agents, responsible for a large percentage of the 745,000 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which were identified worldwide in 2020. In addition to being virally induced, tobacco and heavy alcohol consumption are believed to cause DNA damage contributing to the high number of HNSCC cases. Gene expression and DNA methylation differ between HNSCC based on HPV status. We used publicly available gene expression and DNA methylation profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas and compared HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC groups. We used differential gene expression analysis, differential methylation analysis, and a combination of these two analyses to identify the differences. Differential expression analysis identified 1854 differentially expressed genes, including PCNA, TNFRSF14, TRAF1, TRAF2, BCL2, and BIRC3. SYCP2 was identified as one of the top deregulated genes in the differential methylation analysis and in the combined differential expression and methylation analyses. Additionally, pathway and ontology analyses identified the extracellular matrix and receptor interaction pathway as the most altered between HPV negative and HPV positive HNSCC groups. Combining gene expression and DNA methylation can help in elucidating the genes involved in HPV positive HNSCC tumorigenesis, such as SYCP2 and TAF7L.
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Gandhi V, Mahajan A, Kansal YP. Establishment of the role of myofibroblasts in invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5485-5489. [PMID: 36505558 PMCID: PMC9730971 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1123_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To establish the role of myofibroblasts in invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods Four study groups were formed as follows: group 1 consisting of 30 cases of well-differentiated OSCC, group 2 consisting of 30 cases of moderately differentiated OSCC, group 3 consisting of 30 cases of poorly differentiated OSCC, and group 4 consisting of controls. Staining of all of the specimens was done using a-SMA antibody through immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure. Multiplication product of staining intensity (A) and percentage of a-SMA-stained immuno-positive cells (B) gave a final staining index (FSI). According to FSI, score zero was graded as index zero; score one and two were graded as index low; score three and score were graded as index moderate; and score six, seven, eight and nine were graded as index high. Results Mean FSI among specimens of groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 7.93, 8.47, 8.8, and 0, respectively. Non-significant results were obtained while comparing the mean final staining index among specimens of groups 1, 2 and 3. However; while comparing between groups 1 and 4, groups 2 and 4, and groups 3 and 4, significant results were obtained. While comparing the FSI among overall OSCC group (groups 1, 2 and 3) and controls (group 4), significant results were obtained. Conclusion Myofibroblasts are an integral component of processes associated with the creation of a permissive environment for cancer invasion process in patients with OSCC. Clinical Significance Myofibroblasts are associated with the creation of progressive and invasive processes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, they might be employed as a part of future target for therapeutics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Gandhi
- Department of Human Anatomy, SGRD University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Vaishali Gandhi, PhD Research Scholar, Department of Human Anatomy, SGRD University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab, India. E-mail:
| | - Anupama Mahajan
- Department of Human Anatomy, SGRD Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Yash Pal Kansal
- Department of General Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Harsvardhan R, Arora T, Singh S, Lal P. Cost Analysis on Total Cost Incurred (Including Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Social Cost) During Palliative Care in Cases of Head-and-Neck Cancer at a Government Regional Cancer Centre in North India. Indian J Palliat Care 2022; 28:419-427. [DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_23_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:
Palliative care involves providing symptomatic relief from the pain and stress of a severe illness to markedly improve the quality of life for both the patients and their families. It imposes high indirect costs on the patients. The study was conducted at SGPGIMS, which caters to 500 head-and-neck cancer patients annually. Out of these, 30–40% of cases require dedicated palliative care. Unfortunately, often, when patients reach the stage of palliative care, they have exhausted their all financial reserves. Therefore, a cost analysis of total cost incurred (including out-of-pocket expenditure and social cost) during palliative care in cases of head-and-neck cancer at a Government Regional Cancer Centre was undertaken.
Material and Methods:
The study is a descriptive study and the study sample consisted of (a) patients who had undergone surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy and had recurred/relapsed and were now candidates for palliative care and (b) patients who presented de novo to the Regional Cancer Centre, SGPGIMS with advanced-stage disease, where the cure was not possible. The expenditure incurred was obtained retrospectively and prospectively from the study samples.
Results:
The out-of-pocket expenditure per patient per day was INR 2044.21. The social cost per patient per day was INR 518.21. Out of the total expenditure of INR 2562.42/patient/day, 80% of the cost was out-of-pocket expenditure and the remaining 20% was social cost borne by the patient.
Conclusion:
The study thus added to perspective on the average expenditure on out-of-pocket expenses and social costs being incurred as of date, while getting palliative care for head-and-neck cancer at a Regional Cancer Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Harsvardhan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,
| | - Tanvi Arora
- Department of Hospital Administration, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Hospital Administration, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,
| | - Punita Lal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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Zahid N, Martins RS, Zahid W, Azam I, Ikram M, Hassan A, Bhamani SS, Jabbar AA, Asad N, Akhtar S, Siddiqui MI, Awan MS, Ahmad K. Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 (European organization for research and treatment of cancer head and neck module) quality of life tool. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:194. [PMID: 35934706 PMCID: PMC9358845 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We translated and validated the Urdu version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire’s Head and Neck (H&N) Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and assessed its convergent and discriminant validity by examining correlations of QoL with depression, anxiety, and resilience. Methods We translated the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 according to EORTC instructions. Patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan completed a survey consisting of Urdu versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 (core QoL tool), QLQ-H&N35, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14). Content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability (using Cronbach’s alpha) of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 were assessed. Results Our sample comprised 250 patients with H&N cancer, most commonly oral (82%). The Urdu translations were comprehensible for all patients. The Cronbach alpha for QLQ-H&N35 multi-item domains ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 (acceptable to excellent), barring “Senses Problems”, which was less than the generally acceptable level (0.50). The patient-reported content validity index (CVI) scores for relevance and clarity of the Urdu version of the QLQ-H&N35 were 0.93 and 0.92, respectively (both excellent). Our results revealed weak bidirectional correlations of the QLQ-H&N35 with resilience, depression, and anxiety, showing good discriminant validity. A weak-to-moderate but significant negative correlation (r: − 0.185 to − 0.613; p < 0.01) was seen between the QLQ-H&N35 and the global QoL measure of the QLQ-30. Conclusion Our Urdu translation of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 demonstrated validity comparable to previous studies, with good discriminant construct validity when measured against resilience, depression, and anxiety. An issue of concern is the poor internal consistency of the “Senses Problems” domain. Nevertheless, the Urdu translation produced in this study serves as a valid and reliable measure to measure QoL in H&N cancer in clinical or research settings in Pakistan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00900-x.
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Antra, Parashar P, Hungyo H, Jain A, Ahmad S, Tandon V. Unraveling molecular mechanisms of Head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103778. [PMID: 35932993 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies that develop from mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract are known as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Heterogeneity, late stage diagnosis and high recurrence rate are big hurdles in head and neck treatment regimen. Presently, the biomarkers available for diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC are based on smoking as the major risk habit. This review shed light on the differential environment of HNSCC in smokeless tobacco consuming Indian patients. Frequent mutation in genes involved in DNA repair pathway (p53), cell proliferation (PIK3CA, HRAS) and cell death (CASP8, FADD) are common in western population. On the contrary, the genes involved in metastasis (MMPs, YAP1), lymphocyte proliferation (TNFRSF4, CD80), cell-cell adhesion (DCC, EDNRB), miRNA processing (DROSHA) and inflammatory responses (TLR9, IL-9) are mutated in Indian HNSCC patients. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted that responses to chemical stimulus, immune pathways and stress pathways are highly enriched in Indian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Hungharla Hungyo
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Anuja Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Shandar Ahmad
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067.
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Modified Technique of Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Inset for Buccal Mucosa Reconstruction. World J Plast Surg 2022; 11:83-89. [PMID: 36117907 PMCID: PMC9446115 DOI: 10.52547/wjps.11.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Effect of Amniotic Membrane Nerve Wrapping in Final Results of Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Repair. World J Plast Surg 2022; 11:90-94. [PMID: 36117898 PMCID: PMC9446123 DOI: 10.52547/wjps.11.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing perineural adhesions and scars formation in the traumatic peripheral injuries is very important on the recovery process. We aimed to evaluate the effect of using the amniotic membrane wrapping on the results of surgical treatment of damaged peripheral nerves. METHODS This cohort study included 30 patients with symptoms of acute peripheral nerve injuries due to penetrating trauma in the forearm or wrist in January 2019 to November 2020 referred to the Hand and Microsurgery Department, 15 Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In 15 patients, after nerve repair, amniotic membrane coverage was used around the nerve, all patients were followed for 12 months. Ultrasound study for neuroma formation and nerve regeneration was determined based on EMG and NCV findings. The modified Medical Research Councile classification (MRCC) was used to evaluate of motor and sensory recovery. RESULTS In the amniotic membrane wrapping group, all patients had nerve regeneration and functional nerve recovery occurred after 12 months. In the control group, 5 patients (33.4%) did not have nerve recovery and had functional and sensory impairment. In terms of functional capabilities; there was a significant difference in pinch strength, grip power and MRCC scoring between the two groups. Moreover, the mean volume of neuroma in these patients who used amniotic membrane covering was 2.7 mm3 and in the control group, it was 3.9 mm3 (P=0.001). Five patients who did not have a damaged nerve, the neuroma volume was 4.8 ± 0.9 mm3. CONCLUSION The use of amniotic membrane covering is effective methods in the improve results of peripheral nerve repair and nerve function recovery.
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Hegde S, Rao S, D'souza RK, Baliga MS. Supplementation with Cod Liver Oil Capsules Reduces Weight Loss and Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Curative Radiotherapy without Affecting the Treatment Response. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Weight loss is a common observation in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and the severity depends on the modalities used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of providing two capsules of fish oil supplement each day during the course of curative radiotherapy for HNC patients.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective single-center study, and files of HNC patients treated with radiotherapy between the months of January 2015 and March 2015 were evaluated. Data on gender, age, tumor, treatment details, adverse effects, weight before and at the end of the treatment, and treatment response were obtained from the patient files. The data collected were entered into Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square tests, unpaired t-test, and analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results Records of 68 patients treated during the study period with radiation for HNC and admitted to the inpatient facility throughout the treatment period were retrospectively reviewed. Majority of the patients had advanced stage tumors. There was no difference in the initial weight of the patients in the two groups while a significant difference was seen in the final weight (p = 0.007). The number of patients with severe weight loss (>5 kg) was more in the control than in the fish oil cohort (68.89 vs. 43.48) and was significant (p = 0.042). In addition to this, the incidence of mucositis was delayed and also lesser in severity in the cohorts that had received fish oil. At the dose used, fish oil capsules did not have any adverse effects and importantly there was no significant difference in treatment response.
Conclusion The results of the study indicate that administering fish oil capsules was effective in arresting weight loss and delaying and mitigating mucositis in HNC patients undergoing curative radiotherapy. Fish oil capsule has good safety profile, was devoid of any toxic effects, and has a good clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rhea Katherine D'souza
- Clinical Nutrition, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Das R, Kundu S, Laskar S, Choudhury Y, Ghosh SK. In silico assessment of DNA damage response gene variants associated with head and neck cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2090-2107. [PMID: 35037836 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2027817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), the sixth most common cancer globally, stands first in India, especially Northeast India, where tobacco usage is predominant, which introduces various carcinogens leading to malignancies by accumulating DNA damages. Consequently, the present work aimed to predict the impact of significant germline variants in DNA repair and Tumour Suppressor genes on HNC development. WES in Ion ProtonTM platform on 'discovery set' (n = 15), followed by recurrence assessment of the observed variants on 'confirmation set' (n = 40) using Sanger Sequencing was performed on the HNC-prevalent NE Indian populations. Initially, 53 variants were identified, of which seven HNC-linked DNA damage response gene variants were frequent in the studied populations. Different tools ascertained the biological consequences of these variants, of which the non-coding variants viz. EXO1_rs4150018, RAD52_rs6413436, CHD5_rs2746066, HACE1_rs6918700 showed risk, while FLT3_rs2491227 and BMPR1A_rs7074064 conferred protection against HNC by affecting transcriptional regulation and splicing mechanism. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the full-length p53 model predicted that the observed coding TP53_rs1042522 variant conferred HNC-risk by altering the structural dynamics of the protein, which displayed difficulty in the transition between active and inactive conformations due to high-energy barrier. Subsequent pathway and gene ontology analysis revealed that EXO1, RAD52 and TP53 variants affected the Double-Strand Break Repair pathway, whereas CHD5 and HACE1 variants inactivated DNA repair cascade, facilitating uncontrolled cell proliferation, impaired apoptosis and malignant transformation. Conversely, FLT3 and BMPR1A variants protected against HNC by controlling tumorigenesis, which requires experimental validation. These findings may serve as prognostic markers for developing preventive measures against HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raima Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sharbadeb Kundu
- Genome Science, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West India
| | - Shaheen Laskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Shrestha G, Siwakoti B, Mulmi R, Gautam D. Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017. South Asian J Cancer 2022; 10:236-240. [PMID: 34984202 PMCID: PMC8719957 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis conducted at B.P Koirala Memorial Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The data were obtained from the medical record section and included all new HNC cases registered from 2012 to 2017. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Subgroup analysis was done according to age, gender, site, and year.
Results
A total of 4,582 new HNCs were registered, of which 3,097 (67.6%) were males and 1,482 (32.4%) were females. Lip and oral cavity cancers (46.5%) were the most common HNCs followed by tonsil and pharynx (18.0%) and larynx (15.8%). The trend of HNCs shows a steady rise in incidence with difference according to the sites. HNCs were more common among males than females except for thyroid cancer. The most common age group was 60 to 74 years.
Conclusions
The trend of HNCs is increasing in Nepal especially oral cancers. Awareness of risk factors, effective screening programs, and comprehensive treatment should be focused to decrease the burden of HNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gambhir Shrestha
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bhola Siwakoti
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Control and Research, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Rashmi Mulmi
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Control and Research, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Dejkumar Gautam
- ENT, Head and Neck Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Kumar K, Oli A, Hallikeri K, Shilpasree AS, Goni M. An optimized protocol for total RNA isolation from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to identify the long non-coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas. MethodsX 2022; 9:101602. [PMID: 34976751 PMCID: PMC8683714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 93% of the human genome is translated into RNAs, of which only 2% code for proteins and the rest 98% are noncoding RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of > 200 nucleotides length that are emerging as novel players in the field of cancer diagnostics or prognostics. Recently, lncRNAs are known to be associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The demonstration of stable lncRNA has been a challenge in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE). The survivability and expression level of lncRNA in FFPE tissues compared with fresh tissues is not well documented in the literature. Hence, we designed the current pilot study with the main aim to optimize modified TRI (Total RNA isolation) reagent RNA isolation protocol to identify the lncRNA expression in archived FFPE tissues of OSCC in comparison to the standard RNA isolation kit method. The findings of our study demonstrated that the RNA quantity and quality were comparatively better with the optimized TRI reagent modified protocol than the standard RNA isolation kit method. Furthermore, ct (cycle threshold) values after reverse-transcription and qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real time PCR) were comparable and almost equal in both the methods for normal mucosa (control) and OSCC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
| | - Ajaykumar Oli
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
| | - Kaveri Hallikeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
| | - A S Shilpasree
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mallikarjun Goni
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, (A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
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Shetty SS, Maruthi M, Dhara V, de Arruda JAA, Abreu LG, Mesquita RA, Teixeira AL, Silva TA, Merchant Y. Oral mucositis: Current knowledge and future directions. Dis Mon 2021; 68:101300. [PMID: 34758917 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis secondary to head and neck chemoradiation displays a complex molecular pathogenesis involving epithelial and microvascular injury, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and host-microbiome communications. These processes lead to oxidative stress and the release of reactive oxygen species that stifle the structural integrity of the oral mucosa, with emergence of erosions and ulcers. The consequences are malnutrition, psychological/psychiatric symptoms, poor quality of life, and occurrence of opportunistic infections. The latter pose a major challenge due to the risk of interruption of anti-neoplastic therapy, tumour recurrence and, ultimately, death. This article aims to present the clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis, and an overview of the predisposing factors and current management of oral mucositis. It is anticipated that the future direction of the management of oral mucositis will focus on evidence-based prehabilitation and pre- and per-chemoradiation therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameep S Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, A Constituent of MAHE, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Meghana Maruthi
- Department of Dental Rehabilitative Oncology, HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd., Bangalore, India.
| | - Vasantha Dhara
- Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D, CEP: 31.270-910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3204, CEP: 31.270-910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Yash Merchant
- Consultant Maxilofacial Surgeon, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Almalki Z, Algregri M, Alhosin M, Alkhaled M, Damiati S, Zamzami MA. In vitro cytotoxicity of curcuminoids against head and neck cancer HNO97 cell line. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248708. [PMID: 34468533 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumour of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). The recent therapeutic approaches used to treat cancer have adverse side effects. The natural agents exhibiting anticancer activities are generally considered to have a robust therapeutic potential. Curcuminoids, one of the major active compounds of the turmeric herb, are used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases including cancer. In this study, the cytotoxicity of curcuminoids was investigated against OSCC cell line HNO97. Our data showed that curcuminoids significantly inhibits the proliferation of HNO97 in a time and dose-dependent manner (IC50=35 μM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that curcuminoids increased the percentage of G2/M phase cell populations in the treated groups. Treating HNO97 cells with curcuminoids led to cell shrinking and increased detached cells, which are the typical appearance of apoptotic cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that curcuminoids significantly induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, as a response to curcuminoids treatment, comet tails were formed in cell nuclei due to the induction of DNA damage. Curcuminoids treatment reduced the colony formation capacity of HNO97 cells and induced morphological changes. Overall, these findings demonstrate that curcuminoids can in vitro inhibit HNC proliferation and metastasis and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Almalki
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Algregri
- King Abdulaziz University, King Fahad Medical Research Canter, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alhosin
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alkhaled
- University of Jeddah, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Damiati
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Zamzami
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khosla S, Hershow RC, Freels S, Jefferson GD, Davis FG, Peterson CE. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas among males of the three largest Asian diasporas in the US, 2004-2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 74:102011. [PMID: 34416546 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have not been fully examined in the Asian diasporas in the US, despite certain Asian countries having the highest incidence of specific HNSCCs. METHODS National Cancer Database was used to compare 1046 Chinese, 887 South Asian (Indian/Pakistani), and 499 Filipino males to 156,927 Non-Hispanic White (NHW) males diagnosed with HNSCC between 2004-2013. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association of race/ethnicity with two outcomes - site group and late-stage diagnosis. Temporal trends were explored for site groups and subsites. RESULTS South Asians had a greater proportion of oral cavity cancer [OCC] compared to NHWs (59 % vs. 25 %; ORadj =7.3 (95 % CI: 5.9-9.0)). In contrast, Chinese (64 % vs. 9%; ORadj =34.0 (95 % CI: 26.5-43.6)) and Filipinos (47 % vs. 9%; ORadj =10.0 (95 % CI: 7.8-12.9)) had a greater proportion of non-oropharyngeal cancer compared to NHWs. All three Asian subgroups had a higher likelihood of being diagnosed by age 40 (14 % Chinese, 10 % South Asian and 8% Filipino compared to 3% in NHW; p < 0.001). Chinese males had lower odds of late-stage diagnosis, compared to NHWs. South Asian cases doubled from 2004 to 2013 largely due to an increase in OCC cases (34 cases in 2004 to 86 in 2013). CONCLUSION Asian diasporas are at a higher likelihood of specific HNSCCs. Risk factors, screening and survival need to be studied further, and policy changes are needed to promote screening and to discourage high-risk habits in these Asian subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaveta Khosla
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Ronald C Hershow
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gina D Jefferson
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Caryn E Peterson
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Daga D, Mishra A, Sharma SS, Rai AK, Valsareddy SK, Singh U, Chattopadhyay U, Prakash G. Safe Delivery of Surgical Care in Head and Neck Cancer Patients During COVID-19-an Audit of Pattern of Presentation and Treatment Strategies in an Oncology Centre in the Northern India. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12:250-256. [PMID: 34345155 PMCID: PMC8322642 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay in treatment of head and neck cancer leads to stage migration and increased morbidity. Due to the COVID-19, surgical care has been severely affected. We continued our oncology services during the pandemic. We present here the pattern of presentation of head and neck cancer patients to the hospital and strategy to continue services. A retrospective audit of patients registered under Head and Neck Disease Management Group during lockdown, 23rd March to 31st May 2020, was done. Four categories were made new registrations, post-surgical patients, emergency department visits and follow-up presentation. Of the 693 patients assessed, a majority were with oral cavity cancer (80%). Seventy-eight percent of patients presented with stage IV disease. There were 382 new registrations, of which 68% were symptomatic. Of the 69 patients that underwent surgery, 17 patients were on adjuvant treatment. A total of 60 patients presented to emergency department during this period, maximum with complaints of dyspnoea (67%). One hundred eighty-nine patients were follow-up patients of which 43% were symptomatic. Among these, 12 patients were diagnosed with recurrence. Various administrative and clinical policies were formulated to continue cancer care during this time. Surgical services need not be halted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following scientific rationale and treatment strategies, safe oncosurgical care can be delivered during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Daga
- Head and Neck Services Department of Surgical Oncology Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Aseem Mishra
- Head and Neck Services Department of Surgical Oncology Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Sudhendu Shekhar Sharma
- Head and Neck Services Department of Surgical Oncology Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Atul Kumar Rai
- Head and Neck Services Department of Surgical Oncology Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Valsareddy
- Department of Anaesthesia Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Udai Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Uddalak Chattopadhyay
- Department of Anaesthesia Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Gautam Prakash
- Head and Neck Services Department of Surgical Oncology Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
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Ostwal SP, Singh R, Sanghavi PR, Patel H, Anandi Q. Correlation between Symptom Burden and Perceived Distress in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:419-425. [PMID: 34898935 PMCID: PMC8655637 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_406_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck cancer (HNC) account for major cancer burden in the Indian population. Patients often present with a diversity of distressing physical and psychological symptoms, significantly affecting their quality of life. This study aims to determine the correlation between symptom cluster and perceived distress in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single center prospective observational study was done on 175 adults advanced HNC patients referred to palliative medicine outpatient clinic. Patients fulfilling eligibility criteria were regularly assessed for their symptoms and distress at baseline and followed up at days 7, 14, and 28. RESULTS Most patients belong to the age group of 40-50 years and having a diagnosis carcinoma of the tongue. The most common symptoms presented were pain, tiredness, loss of appetite, and feeling of well-being. We observed statistically significant correlation between total ESAS score and distress levels in patients at days 0, 7, and 14, respectively, (P = 0.003 vs. 0.0004 vs. 0.002). However, at day 28, no such statistically significant correlation was found (P = 0.085) suggesting attention to other factors during assessment. CONCLUSION Outpatient palliative care consultations have shown significant improvement in symptom and distress score. Perceived distress in a person can not only be related to physical symptoms. Acute control of symptom may uncover underlying psychosocial and spiritual issues which need to be addressed promptly for better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrenik P. Ostwal
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, SRJ CBCC Cancer Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Kamla Nagar Primary Health Centre, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priti Rashmin Sanghavi
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu Patel
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Queenjal Anandi
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Mahapatra S, Bhuyan R, Das J, Swarnkar T. Integrated multiplex network based approach for hub gene identification in oral cancer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07418. [PMID: 34258466 PMCID: PMC8258848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Oral Cancer (OC) is high in Asian countries, which goes undetected at its early stage. The study of genetics, especially genetic networks holds great promise in this endeavor. Hub genes in a genetic network are prominent in regulating the whole network structure of genes. Thus identification of such genes related to specific cancer types can help in reducing the gap in OC prognosis. Methods: Traditional study of network biology is unable to decipher the inter-dependencies within and across diverse biological networks. Multiplex network provides a powerful representation of such systems and encodes much richer information than isolated networks. In this work, we focused on the entire multiplex structure of the genetic network integrating the gene expression profile and DNA methylation profile for OC. Further, hub genes were identified by considering their connectivity in the multiplex structure and the respective protein-protein interaction (PPI) network as well. Results: 46 hub genes were inferred in our approach with a high prediction accuracy (96%), outstanding Matthews coefficient correlation value (93%) and significant biological implications. Among them, genes PIK3CG, PIK3R5, MYH7, CDC20 and CCL4 were differentially expressed and predominantly enriched in molecular cascades specific to OC. Conclusions: The identified hub genes in this work carry ontological signatures specific to cancer, which may further facilitate improved understanding of the tumorigenesis process and the underlying molecular events. Result indicates the effectiveness of our integrated multiplex network approach for hub gene identification. This work puts an innovative research route for multi-omics biological data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mahapatra
- Department of Computer Application, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - R. Bhuyan
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J. Das
- Centre for Genomics & Biomedical Informatics, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - T. Swarnkar
- Department of Computer Application, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Fagan JJ. Africa: A window on challenges and opportunities for head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:414-419. [PMID: 34195361 PMCID: PMC8223454 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer occurs predominantly in the Developing World, with significant challenges relating to a high burden of disease, late presentation, and poor access to curative and palliative care. AIMS This article describes challenges relating to head and neck cancer care in Sub-Saharan Africa. MATERIAL & METHODS Educational and training innovations that have been undertaken to improve access to cancer care are presented under the following headings: Open Access Educational Resources African Head and Neck Society (AfHNS); African head and neck surgery fellowship training; AfHNS Virtual Tumor Board; The AfHNS Clinical Practice Guidelines for Head & Neck Cancers in Developing Countries and Limited Resource Settings. Concerns are also raised about universally applicable cancer staging systems. RESULTS The challenges facing African patients apply to equally to many other parts of the developing world. DISCUSSION The challenges facing African patients apply to equally to many other parts of the developing world. CONCLUSIONS For outcomes of head and neck cancers to be improved globally, a far greater investment needs to be made in education and training to improve access to care in developing countries. To make a meaningful global impact on morbidity and mortality related to HNC, clinicians, academic institutions and professional societies in developed countries need to be sensitive to these developing world challenges and should directly engage in improving access to care through promoting open access educational resources, offering specialist and fellowship training, collaborating with appropriate research, and establishing and strengthening centers of excellence in developing countries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2c "Outcomes research".
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J. Fagan
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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