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Papadimitriou N, Kim A, Kawaguchi ES, Morrison J, Diez-Obrero V, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bien SA, Bishop DT, Bouras E, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Carreras-Torres R, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Conti DV, Devall MA, Dimou N, Drew DA, Gruber SB, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Huyghe JR, Joshi AD, Keku TO, Kundaje A, Küry S, Le Marchand L, Lewinger JP, Li L, Lynch BM, Moreno V, Newton CC, Obón-Santacana M, Ose J, Pellatt AJ, Peoples AR, Platz EA, Qu C, Rennert G, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Shcherbina A, Stern MC, Su YR, Thomas DC, Thomas CE, Tian Y, Tsilidis KK, Ulrich CM, Um CY, Visvanathan K, Wang J, White E, Woods MO, Schmit SL, Macrae F, Potter JD, Hopper JL, Peters U, Murphy N, Hsu L, Gunter MJ, Gauderman WJ. Genome-wide interaction study of dietary intake of fibre, fruits, and vegetables with risk of colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105146. [PMID: 38749303 PMCID: PMC11112268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fibre, fruits and vegetables have been linked with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A genome-wide gene-environment (G × E) analysis was performed to test whether genetic variants modify these associations. METHODS A pooled sample of 45 studies including up to 69,734 participants (cases: 29,896; controls: 39,838) of European ancestry were included. To identify G × E interactions, we used the traditional 1--degree-of-freedom (DF) G × E test and to improve power a 2-step procedure and a 3DF joint test that investigates the association between a genetic variant and dietary exposure, CRC risk and G × E interaction simultaneously. FINDINGS The 3-DF joint test revealed two significant loci with p-value <5 × 10-8. Rs4730274 close to the SLC26A3 gene showed an association with fibre (p-value: 2.4 × 10-3) and G × fibre interaction with CRC (OR per quartile of fibre increase = 0.87, 0.80, and 0.75 for CC, TC, and TT genotype, respectively; G × E p-value: 1.8 × 10-7). Rs1620977 in the NEGR1 gene showed an association with fruit intake (p-value: 1.0 × 10-8) and G × fruit interaction with CRC (OR per quartile of fruit increase = 0.75, 0.65, and 0.56 for AA, AG, and GG genotype, respectively; G × E -p-value: 0.029). INTERPRETATION We identified 2 loci associated with fibre and fruit intake that also modify the association of these dietary factors with CRC risk. Potential mechanisms include chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders, and gut function. However, further studies are needed for mechanistic validation and replication of findings. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Full funding details for the individual consortia are provided in acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Andre Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Kawaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Diez-Obrero
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - David V Conti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Devall
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina C Newton
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08908, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J Pellatt
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Finlay Macrae
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK.
| | - W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gasaly N, Tang X, Chen X, Bellalta S, Hermoso MA, de Vos P. Effects of pectin's degree of methyl esterification on TLR2-mediated IL-8 secretion and tight junction gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: influence of soluble TLR2. Food Funct 2024; 15:569-579. [PMID: 38170495 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification (DM) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) expressing low and high levels of TLR2. It also studies the influence of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) which may be enhanced in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome on the inflammation-attenuating effects of pectins. Also, it examines the impact of pectins on tight junction gene expression in IECs. Lemon pectins with DM18 and DM88 were characterized, and their effects on TLR2-1-induced IL8 gene expression and secretion were investigated in low-TLR2 expressing Caco-2 and high-TLR2 expressing DLD-1 cells. The results demonstrate that both DM18 and DM88 pectins can counteract TLR2-1-induced IL-8 expression and secretion, with more pronounced effects observed in DLD-1 cells expressing high levels of TLR2. Furthermore, the presence of sTLR2 does not interfere with the attenuating effects of low DM18 pectin and may even support its anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. The impact of pectins and sTLR2 on tight junction gene expression also demonstrates cell-type-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that low DM pectins possess potent anti-inflammatory properties and may influence tight junction gene expression in IECs, thereby contributing to the maintenance of gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xin Tang
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Xie Q, Hu B. Effects of gut microbiota on prostatic cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250369. [PMID: 38029073 PMCID: PMC10659115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Recent observational and small-sample case-control studies have shown a relationship between gut microbiota composition and prostatic cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, the causal association between gut microbiota and PCa is still unclear. Herein, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and PCa. Methods In this two-sample MR study, data were extracted from the summary statistics of gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium (n = 14,306) and the Dutch Microbiome Project (n = 8,208). Summary statistics for PCa were obtained from the FinnGen consortium release data (n = 95,213). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, strength test (F), and MR-PRESSO were used to examine the potential causal association between gut microbiota and PCa. Cochran's Q statistics were used to quantify the heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Results IVW estimates suggested that the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7926, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6655-0.9440) and Bacteroides salyersiae (OR = 0.9023, 95% CI: 0.8262-0.9853) were negatively associated with the odds of PCa, while that of Eubacterium biforme (OR = 1.1629, 95% CI: 1.0110-1.3376) was positively associated with the odds of PCa. In addition, we explored these relationships among patients without other cancers and similarly found that the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides salyersiae, and Eubacterium biforme were linked to PCa (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Gut microbiota potentially influenced the occurrence of PCa. Our findings may provide some new ideas for researching the methods of PCa prevention. In addition, further studies are needed to explore the causal association and specific underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Panah FM, Nielsen KD, Simpson GL, Schönherz A, Schramm A, Lauridsen C, Nielsen TS, Højberg O, Fredborg M, Purup S, Canibe N. A westernized diet changed the colonic bacterial composition and metabolite concentration in a dextran sulfate sodium pig model for ulcerative colitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1018242. [PMID: 37138607 PMCID: PMC10150118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1018242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the colonic epithelium and has a blurred etiology. A western diet and microbial dysbiosis in the colon were reported to play a role in UC development. In this study, we investigated the effect of a westernized diet, i.e., increasing fat and protein content by including ground beef, on the colonic bacterial composition in a dextran sulfate sodium (DexSS) challenged pig study. Methods The experiment was carried out in three complete blocks following a 2×2 factorial design including 24 six-week old pigs, fed either a standard diet (CT) or the standard diet substituted with 15% ground beef to simulate a typical westernized diet (WD). Colitis was induced in half of the pigs on each dietary treatment by oral administration of DexSS (DSS and WD+DSS, respectively). Samples from proximal and distal colon and feces were collected. Results and discussion Bacterial alpha diversity was unaffected by experimental block, and sample type. In proximal colon, WD group had similar alpha diversity to CT group and the WD+DSS group showed the lowest alpha diversity compared to the other treatment groups. There was a significant interaction between western diet and DexSS for beta diversity, based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarly. The westernized diet and DexSS resulted in three and seven differentially abundant phyla, 21 and 65 species, respectively, mainly associated with the Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla followed by Spirochaetota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was lowest in the distal colon. Treatment had a slight effect on the estimates for microbial metabolites that might have valuable biological relevance for future studies. The concentration of putrescine in the colon and feces and that of total biogenic amines was highest in the WD+DSS group. We conclude that a westernized diet could be a potential risk factor and an exacerbating agent for UC by reducing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, increasing the abundance of pathogens such as Helicobacter trogontum, and by increasing the concentration of microbial proteolytic-derived metabolites in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad M. Panah
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Farhad M. Panah,
| | - Katrine D. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Gavin L. Simpson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Anna Schönherz
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tina S. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marlene Fredborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Di Rosa C, Altomare A, Imperia E, Spiezia C, Khazrai YM, Guarino MPL. The Role of Dietary Fibers in the Management of IBD Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224775. [PMID: 36432460 PMCID: PMC9696206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, progressive, immune-mediated diseases of the intestinal tract. The main subtypes of IBDs are Chron's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology is still unclear, but there are genetic, environmental and host-related factors that contribute to the development of these diseases. Recent literature has shown that dietary therapy is the cornerstone of IBD treatment in terms of management of symptoms, relapse and care of the pathology. IBD patients show that microbiota dysbiosis and diet, especially dietary fiber, can modulate its composition. These patients are more at risk of energy protein malnutrition than the general population and are deficient in micronutrients. So far, no dietary component is considered responsible for IBD and there is not a specific therapeutic diet for it. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of dietary fibers in CD and UC and help health professionals in the nutritional management of these pathologies. Further studies are necessary to determine the appropriate amount and type of fiber to suggest in the case of IBD to ameliorate psychosocial conditions and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Imperia
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Nutrition and Prevention, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Johnson SD, Knight LA, Kumar N, Olwenyi OA, Thurman M, Mehra S, Mohan M, Byrareddy SN. Early treatment with anti-α 4β 7 antibody facilitates increased gut macrophage maturity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001727. [PMID: 36389795 PMCID: PMC9664000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), people living with HIV (PLWH) continue to experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Infusions of anti-α4β7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been proposed to increase virologic control during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques with mixed results. Recent evidences suggested that therapeutic efficacy of vedolizumab (a humanized anti-α4β7 mAb), during inflammatory bowel diseases depends on microbiome composition, myeloid cell differentiation, and macrophage phenotype. We tested this hypothesis in SIV-infected, anti-α4β7 mAb-treated macaques and provide flow cytometric and microscopic evidence that anti-α4β7 administered to SIV-infected macaques increases the maturity of macrophage phenotypes typically lost in the small intestines during SIV disease progression. Further, this increase in mature macrophage phenotype was associated with tissue viral loads. These phenotypes were also associated with dysbiosis markers in the gut previously identified as predictors of HIV replication and immune activation in PLWH. These findings provide a novel model of anti-α4β7 efficacy offering new avenues for targeting pathogenic mucosal immune response during HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Omalla A. Olwenyi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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7
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Liu Z, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Liu T, Fan Y, Liu T, Peng N. Bacillus coagulans in Combination with Chitooligosaccharides Regulates Gut Microbiota and Ameliorates the DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0064122. [PMID: 35900082 PMCID: PMC9430726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00641-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory disorders, which may be caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system disorders and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotic, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, is thought to be a pragmatic approach in mitigating inflammation in UC. Bacillus coagulans has been recognized as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal diseases because of its favorable industrial and probiotic properties, including sporulation and lactic acid production. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effects of the B. coagulans FCYS01 spores with or without the chitooligosaccharides (COSs) on UC generated using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Supplementation of B. coagulans spores, prebiotic COSs or the synbiotic (the spores + COSs) had a significant positive effect on DSS-induced UC. The disease activity index and histological damage score were significantly reduced after these supplementations. Compared to DSS group, these supplementations also significantly modulated the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and significantly maintained expressions of tight junction proteins and mucin protein and promotes recovery of the intestinal barrier. In addition, these supplementations regulate the composition of gut microbiota and improve the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), through enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Ruminococcus species. In summary, the synbiotic ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental UC model and showed a better treatment effect than B. coagulans or COSs did alone as revealed by the markers such as, colon length, IL-4 and Occludin levels. IMPORTANCE Probiotic and prebiotic are believed to be useful in alleviating the inflammatory, thereby resolving or preventing the severity of UC. Spore-forming bacteria Bacillus coagulans show advantages of stability and probiotic effects, being suggested as the important probiotics for UC treatment. Here, we demonstrate that administration of B. coagulans spores, chitooligosaccharides (COSs), or the synbiotic attenuates DSS-induced colitis and significantly correlates with altered gut immune responses. The treatment effect of the synbiotic is inferred to be relied on the enrichment of probiotic bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae species, which are reported to be crucial important for gut health. Our findings facilitate the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for UC using spore-forming lactic acid bacteria in combination with COSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Peng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Pravda J. Evidence-based pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis: A causal role for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4263-4298. [PMID: 36159014 PMCID: PMC9453768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive evidence-based analysis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a causal role is identified for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both the pathogenesis and relapse of this debilitating inflammatory bowel disease. Studies have shown that H2O2 production is significantly increased in the non-inflamed colonic epithelium of individuals with UC. H2O2 is a powerful neutrophilic chemotactic agent that can diffuse through colonic epithelial cell membranes creating an interstitial chemotactic molecular “trail” that attracts adjacent intravascular neutrophils into the colonic epithelium leading to mucosal inflammation and UC. A novel therapy aimed at removing the inappropriate H2O2 mediated chemotactic signal has been highly effective in achieving complete histologic resolution of colitis in patients experiencing refractory disease with at least one (biopsy-proven) histologic remission lasting 14 years to date. The evidence implies that therapeutic intervention to prevent the re-establishment of a pathologic H2O2 mediated chemotactic signaling gradient will indefinitely preclude neutrophilic migration into the colonic epithelium constituting a functional cure for this disease. Cumulative data indicate that individuals with UC have normal immune systems and current treatment guidelines calling for the suppression of the immune response based on the belief that UC is caused by an underlying immune dysfunction are not supported by the evidence and may cause serious adverse effects. It is the aim of this paper to present experimental and clinical evidence that identifies H2O2 produced by the colonic epithelium as the causal agent in the pathogenesis of UC. A detailed explanation of a novel therapeutic intervention to normalize colonic H2O2, its rationale, components, and formulation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Pravda
- Disease Pathogenesis, Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, United States
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9
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Diet-Microbiota Interplay: An Emerging Player in Macrophage Plasticity and Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073901. [PMID: 35409260 PMCID: PMC8998881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Targeted therapies for IBD are limited by several factors, including the therapeutic ceiling and the high incidence of non-responders or loss-of-response. In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, there is critical need to decipher disease pathogenesis, currently not well understood. Macrophages, innate immune cells that exhibit high plasticity, perpetuate inflammatory signalling in IBD through excessive release of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, pioneering research has revealed the importance of the interplay between macrophages and gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Particular attention is focusing on microbiota-derived metabolites, believed to possess immunomodulatory properties capable of manipulating macrophage plasticity. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole compounds, along with dietary sourced omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), exert anti-inflammatory effects, attributable to interactions with macrophages. Before we can effectively incorporate these metabolites into IBD therapies, a deeper understanding of microbiota-macrophage interactions at a molecular level is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review is firstly to detail current knowledge regarding how diet and microbiota-derived metabolites modify macrophage plasticity. Later, we discuss the concept of therapeutic strategies directed at microbiota-macrophage interactions, which could be highly valuable for IBD therapies in the future.
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10
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Perceptions, beliefs and behaviors of nutritional and supplementary practices in inflammatory bowel disease. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To gain insight into the behaviors, perceptions and beliefs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients nutritional and supplementary practices and also to explore perceptions and behaviors in relation to anti-inflammatory supplementation with specific emphasis on Montmorency tart cherries.
Methods
80 IBD patients completed a 16-item close-ended questionnaire which was divided into three sub-sections: baseline/demographic characteristics, disease characteristics and dietary and supplementary perceptions, beliefs and behaviors. One-sample chi-square goodness of fit tests were used for each question and two-way Pearson chi-square tests of independence were used to undertake bivariate cross-tabulation comparisons to test differences in responses to each question between baseline/demographic variables.
Results
The majority of participants (N = 40) did not follow a specific dietary pattern or use supplements (N = 56). Respondents also predominantly rated that diet can both positively (N = 66) and negatively (N = 68) influence IBD. In addition, participants rated that supplements can positively influence IBD (N = 65) and that lack of scientific evidence was the primary mechanism preventing them from utilizing supplements (N = 34). Finally, patients also strongly reported that they would be willing to take Montmorency tart cherry supplementation (N = 73).
Conclusions
The disconnect between behavior and beliefs in both diet and supplementary practices, indicate that interventions designed to translate beliefs/knowledge into behaviors are warranted. There is also a necessity to undertake well-designed intervention trials examining the efficacy of food supplements, and with patient’s willingness to take Montmorency tart cherry, there is a strong rationale for future randomized trials examining the efficacy of tart cherry supplementation in IBD.
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11
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Fan L, Lee JH. Enteral feeding and the microbiome in critically ill children: a narrative review. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2778-2791. [PMID: 34765500 PMCID: PMC8578772 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review summarizes our current knowledge on the interplay between enteral nutrition (EN) and gut microbiota in critically ill children, using examples from two commonly encountered diagnoses in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU): severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review will also highlight potential areas of therapeutic interventions that should be explored in future studies. BACKGROUND Critically ill children display extreme dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Factors within the PICU that are often associated with dysbiosis include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), intravenous morphine, and fasting. Dysbiosis can potentially lead to adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., nosocomial infection, and prolonged hospitalization). EN may modulate dysbiosis. The gut microbiota is involved in the breaking down of macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates and proteins. Fermentation of undigestible carbohydrate (e.g., inulin and oligosaccharides), and amino acids by large intestine microbiota produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs serve as the main fuel source for enterocytes and help to maintain healthy gut lining. Changes to selected components of macronutrients can result in alterations in gut microbiome and have potentially beneficial effects in patients in the PICU. METHODS A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases was conducted using appropriate MESH terms and keywords. In this narrative review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on effect of EN on gut microbiota in pediatric studies, but also describes animal- and lab-based, as well as adult studies where relevant. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome can be altered by dietary modifications and common PICU practices and treatment. Although there are strong associations in restoring eubiosis and improvement in clinical outcomes, proving causality remains challenging. Further microbiome research is needed to provide mechanistic insights into the impact of the ever changing gut microbiome. In the future, new microbiota targeted therapies could potentially be the treatment of challenging PICU conditions and restore homeostasis in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Fan
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Sienkiewicz M, Szymańska P, Maciejewska O, Niewiadomska J, Wiśniewska‐Jarosińska M, Fichna J. Assessment of dietary habits in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A cross‐sectional study from Poland. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Patrycja Szymańska
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Oliwia Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Justyna Niewiadomska
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | | | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
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13
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Sustained Crohn’s Disease Remission with an Exclusive Elemental and Exclusion Diet: A Case Report. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease (CD), is increasing worldwide. Despite several new therapeutics to treat CD, many patients fail to respond to their medications and inevitably face surgical resection. While genetics plays a role in CD, environmental factors are potential triggers. Recent research from the past few years suggest that pro-inflammatory foods are associated with an increased risk of CD. Some studies have shown the benefit of including exclusion diets, such as the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) and exclusive elemental diets, to induce CD remission, but published data is limited. This case study explores how an exclusive elemental and exclusion diet helped induce clinical and biochemical remission and radiologic healing in a young adult male who had failed to achieve remission using standard medical treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) served as objective markers of inflammation in this study.
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14
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Influence of Dietary Components and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Hypertension: A Potential Role for Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5563073. [PMID: 33986817 PMCID: PMC8079198 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an important worldwide public health issue affecting human health. The pathogenesis of HTN involves complex factors such as genetics, external environment, diet, and the gut microbial dysbiosis. The gut microbiota, as a medium of diet and drug metabolism, is closely correlated to host's health and disease (including HTN). Literatures were randomly collected from various databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In this review, we elucidate the relationship between HTN and gut microbiota, as well as concerning the effects of different dietary components, diet-derived microbial metabolites, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on intestinal flora. These studies have shown that diet and TCM can regulate and balance the intestinal flora, which are inclined to increasing the abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides and reducing the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, monitoring the dynamic change of gut microflora may indicate patient prognosis and personalized response to treatment. This review aims to provide novel perspectives and potential personalized interventions for future HTN management from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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15
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Alexiadis A, Simmons MJH, Stamatopoulos K, Batchelor HK, Moulitsas I. The virtual physiological human gets nerves! How to account for the action of the nervous system in multiphysics simulations of human organs. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20201024. [PMID: 33849336 PMCID: PMC8086920 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article shows how to couple multiphysics and artificial neural networks to design computer models of human organs that autonomously adapt their behaviour to environmental stimuli. The model simulates motility in the intestine and adjusts its contraction patterns to the physical properties of the luminal content. Multiphysics reproduces the solid mechanics of the intestinal membrane and the fluid mechanics of the luminal content; the artificial neural network replicates the activity of the enteric nervous system. Previous studies recommended training the network with reinforcement learning. Here, we show that reinforcement learning alone is not enough; the input–output structure of the network should also mimic the basic circuit of the enteric nervous system. Simulations are validated against in vivo measurements of high-amplitude propagating contractions in the human intestine. When the network has the same input–output structure of the nervous system, the model performs well even when faced with conditions outside its training range. The model is trained to optimize transport, but it also keeps stress in the membrane low, which is exactly what occurs in the real intestine. Moreover, the model responds to atypical variations of its functioning with ‘symptoms’ that reflect those arising in diseases. If the healthy intestine model is made artificially ill by adding digital inflammation, motility patterns are disrupted in a way consistent with inflammatory pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alexiadis
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - M J H Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.,Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology and Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - H K Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - I Moulitsas
- Centre for Computational Engineering Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
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16
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Bikbavova GR, Livzan MA, Turchaninov DV, Sovalkin VI, Akhmedov VA. Ulcerative colitis: nutritional habits as the disease risk factor. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background — Ulcerative colitis results from a complex interaction between genetic, internal (intestinal microflora) and external (environment) factors. Nutrition habits and the consumption of alcoholic beverages have a significant effect on the intraspecific qualitative and quantitative diversity of the intestinal microbiome. There is controversial information about the effect of various nutritional components on the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. Working with patients with ulcerative colitis, we noted specific features of the profiles of their diets before development of the first symptoms.
Aim — To assess influence of nutrition and alcohol factors on risk of ulcerative colitis in the adult population of Western Siberia.
Methods — A retrospective case control study was conducted by interviewing 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy individuals. The study of their diet and alcohol intake was carried out using the standardized World Health Organization countrywide integrated noncommunicable diseases intervention questionnaire, known as CINDI.
Results — The diet of patients with ulcerative colitis from before the first signs of the disease was characterized by rare consumption of fresh and cooked vegetables and of fruits in small portions but high consumption of sugar with tea and/or coffee compared to the healthy respondents. Patients with ulcerative colitis did not tolerate milk and fermented milk products before the disease onset. The average age of alcohol consumption onset for the patients with ulcerative colitis was 19.0 years and the alcohol consumption frequency before the disease’s first symptoms was less than once a month. Patients with ulcerative colitis before the first symptoms’ onset drank significantly less wine during the year and during the day, as well as less wine per single intake compared with the healthy respondents. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for the quantity and frequency of drinking strong alcoholic beverages and beer.
Conclusion — Dietary fibers’ deficiency and excess sugar intake is related to ulcerative colitis; although, wine (20 mL/d) may be protective.
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17
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Armstrong H, Mander I, Zhang Z, Armstrong D, Wine E. Not All Fibers Are Born Equal; Variable Response to Dietary Fiber Subtypes in IBD. Front Pediatr 2021; 8:620189. [PMID: 33520902 PMCID: PMC7844368 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.620189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet provides a safe and attractive alternative to available treatment options in a variety of diseases; however, research has only just begun to elucidate the role of diet in chronic diseases, such as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The chronic and highly debilitating IBDs, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are hallmarked by intestinal inflammation, immune dysregulation, and dysbiosis; and evidence supports a role for genetics, microbiota, and the environment, including diet, in disease pathogenesis. This is true especially in children with IBD, where diet-based treatments have shown excellent results. One interesting group of dietary factors that readily links microbiota to gut health is dietary fibers. Fibers are not digested by human cells, but rather fermented by the gut microbes within the bowel. Evidence has been mounting over the last decade in support of the importance of dietary fibers in the maintenance of gut health and in IBD; however, more recent studies highlight the complexity of this interaction and importance of understanding the role of each individual dietary fiber subtype, especially during disease. There are roughly ten subtypes of dietary fibers described to date, categorized as soluble or insoluble, with varying chemical structures, and large differences in their fermentation profiles. Many studies to date have described the benefits of the byproducts of fermentation in healthy individuals and the potential health benefits in select disease models. However, there remains a void in our understanding of how each of these individual fibers affect human health in dysbiotic settings where appropriate fermentation may not be achieved. This review highlights the possibilities for better defining the role of individual dietary fibers for use in regulating inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Armstrong
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Inderdeep Mander
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Palchaudhuri S, Albenberg L, Lewis JD. Diet Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Better Options Than Nil Per Os. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa059. [PMID: 33954288 PMCID: PMC8096188 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospitalizations are a time when providers often have uncertainty about what to feed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While there are many trials evaluating the role of diet in the management of IBD, the role of diet for the hospitalized patient is less clear. The hospitalization may serve as an opportunity to educate patients about the role of diet, try different diets, and develop dietary recommendations for after discharge. Here, we review the literature for dietary considerations during hospitalizations and acute settings, as well as upon discharge. Patients with IBD benefit from screening and nutritional support for malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. Enteral nutrition and exclusion diets are promising as induction and maintenance therapies, but no specific recommendations during hospitalization for adult patients are available currently. There are very few reasons to enforce bowel rest or clear liquids other than bowel obstruction, uncontrolled sepsis, or need for urgent or emergent surgery; most patients - including many with penetrating or stricturing disease - benefit from feeding in whichever capacity is tolerated, with enteral and parenteral nutrition used as needed to reach nutritional goals. Future studies are needed to define how the use of different diets can influence the outcomes of patients hospitalized for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Palchaudhuri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Address correspondence to: Sonali Palchaudhuri, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ()
| | - Lindsey Albenberg
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lupo C, Boulos S, Nyström L. Influence of Partial Acid Hydrolysis on Size, Dispersity, Monosaccharide Composition, and Conformation of Linearly-Branched Water-Soluble Polysaccharides. Molecules 2020; 25:E2982. [PMID: 32610625 PMCID: PMC7412010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of partial acid hydrolysis on the physical and chemical properties of galactomannan, arabinoxylan, and xyloglucan was investigated. Polysaccharides were treated at 50 °C with hydrochloric acid for 3-48 h. Portions of isopropanol (i-PrOH) were added sequentially to the hydrolyzates, resulting in fractions that were collected by centrifugation. As expected, a significant reduction of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was observed with increasing hydrolysis time. Fractional precipitation was successfully applied to collect at least one polymer fraction with dispersity (Đ) close to one for each polysaccharide. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the partial hydrolysis usually lowered the relative amount of side chains, with the exception of galactomannan, where the composition remained largely unaffected. Estimation of the polymer conformation in solution, through evaluation of the Mark-Houwink parameter coefficient (α), confirmed that acid hydrolysis influenced the polysaccharides' conformation. It was demonstrated that acid treatment in dilute solution followed by fractional isopropanol precipitation is a method, extendible to a variety of polysaccharides, to obtain materials of decreased molecular weight and low dispersity with slightly altered overall composition and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Nyström
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.L.); (S.B.)
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20
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Han MK, Anderson R, Viennois E, Merlin D. Examination of food consumption in United States adults and the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease using National Health Interview Survey 2015. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232157. [PMID: 32324818 PMCID: PMC7179926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diets and food components have been implicated as one of the environmental factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are often recommended nutritional guidelines to manage disease symptoms. However, the current food consumption pattern of US adults with IBD that are nationally representative is unclear. A secondary analysis of National Health Interview Survey 2015 was performed to characterize the estimated US adults with IBD and their food intake and consumption frequency using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Fries were consumed by a greater number of people with IBD. IBD population drank less 100% fruit juice and ate more cheese and cookies than non-IBD population. Intake of fries (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.14-2.25) and sports and energy drinks (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-1.97) and more frequent drinking of regular soda were significantly associated with the likelihood of having been told one have IBD, while popcorn (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.548-0.971) and milk (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.497-0.998) were associated with smaller odds, adjusting for covariates. Foods typically labeled as junk food were positively associated with IBD. Nonetheless, of the assessed 26 foods, we found eating patterns between IBD and non-IBD population to be mostly analogous. It is unclear whether the results reflect potential change in food intake in IBD population long before the survey interview. Understanding the role of food intake in IBD risk/prevalence would benefit from identifying other environmental factors (i.e. food desert), food processing (i.e. frying), and potential bioactive food components that can induce intestinal inflammation that can increase the individual's susceptibility to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon K. Han
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Raeda Anderson
- Department of Research and Engagement, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emilie Viennois
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
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21
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Shinohara R, Sasaki K, Inoue J, Hoshi N, Fukuda I, Sasaki D, Kondo A, Osawa R. Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene associated with the genus Roseburia is decreased in the gut microbiota of Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2019; 38:159-163. [PMID: 31763119 PMCID: PMC6856515 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.18-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of butyrate is impaired in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC); however, this inhibition is not well understood in Japanese UC patients. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed genes encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) and butyrate kinase (buk) in the gut microbiota of Japanese patients with UC and healthy volunteers (HVs). But showed higher levels than buk. Moreover, patients with UC showed significantly decreased levels of but associated with Roseburia sp./Eubacterium rectale compared with HVs. But, which is associated with Faecalibacterium sp., was maintained in patients with UC, with an unchanged relative abundance of Faecalibacterium sp. microorganisms in patients with UC compared with HVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Shinohara
- Division Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Social/Community Medicine and Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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22
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Scheller B, Winter C, Zamyad J, Felmlee K, Heard D. The Successful Management Of Ulcerative Colitis With A Nutritional Intervention: A Case Report. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2019; 18:40-47. [PMID: 32549845 PMCID: PMC7219448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 23-year-old Caucasian female was diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and symptoms were successfully managed with the 5-Rs (e.g. remove, replace, re-inoculate, repair, and rebalance) gut restoration program. CASE/INTERVENTION Diagnostic laboratory testing was initially utilized which identified microbial imbalances, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Nutrition therapy was then implemented over a course of 7 months, which included a whole foods elimination diet that was low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) and avoided leading allergens such as cow dairy, soy, gluten, and corn. Nutritional supplements were implemented in phases to aid in rebalancing gut bacteria, repair the mucosal lining, and correct nutritional deficiencies. After good dietary adherence and the 5-Rs program, the patient became 100% asymptomatic with no use of mesalamine suppositories for more than 6 weeks. CONCLUSION This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of the 5-Rs program approach for the successful management of UC. Long-term resolution was supported by the elimination of specific foods, nutrition supplementation, and stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Scheller
- Corresponding author: Brooke Scheller, MS, CNS E-mail address:
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23
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Laing BB, Lim AG, Ferguson LR. A Personalised Dietary Approach-A Way Forward to Manage Nutrient Deficiency, Effects of the Western Diet, and Food Intolerances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071532. [PMID: 31284450 PMCID: PMC6683058 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the personalised dietary approach with respect to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It identifies gene–nutrient interactions associated with the nutritional deficiencies that people with IBD commonly experience, and the role of the Western diet in influencing these. It also discusses food intolerances and how particular genotypes can affect these. It is well established that with respect to food there is no “one size fits all” diet for those with IBD. Gene–nutrient interactions may help explain this variability in response to food that is associated with IBD. Nutrigenomic research, which examines the effects of food and its constituents on gene expression, shows that—like a number of pharmaceutical products—food can have beneficial effects or have adverse (side) effects depending on a person’s genotype. Pharmacogenetic research is identifying gene variants with adverse reactions to drugs, and this is modifying clinical practice and allowing individualised treatment. Nutrigenomic research could enable individualised treatment in persons with IBD and enable more accurate tailoring of food intake, to avoid exacerbating malnutrition and to counter some of the adverse effects of the Western diet. It may also help to establish the dietary pattern that is most protective against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi B Laing
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Palmerston North 4444, New Zealand
| | - Anecita Gigi Lim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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24
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Stressed "Gut/Feeling". Cells 2019; 8:cells8070659. [PMID: 31262067 PMCID: PMC6678997 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition, hallmarked by a disturbance in the bidirectional interaction between gut and brain. In general, the gut/brain axis involves direct and/or indirect communication via the central and enteric nervous system, host innate immune system, and particularly the gut microbiota. This complex interaction implies that IBD is a complex multifactorial disease. There is increasing evidence that stress adversely affects the gut/microbiota/brain axis by altering intestinal mucosa permeability and cytokine secretion, thereby influencing the relapse risk and disease severity of IBD. Given the recurrent nature, therapeutic strategies particularly aim at achieving and maintaining remission of the disease. Alternatively, these strategies focus on preventing permanent bowel damage and concomitant long-term complications. In this review, we discuss the gut/microbiota/brain interplay with respect to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and particularly shed light on the role of stress. Hence, we evaluated the therapeutic impact of stress management in IBD.
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25
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Shinde T, Perera AP, Vemuri R, Gondalia SV, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Shastri S, Southam B, Eri R, Stanley R. Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Whole Plant Sugar Cane Fibre and Probiotic Spores Potentiates Protective Synergistic Effects in Mouse Model of IBD. Nutrients 2019; 11:E818. [PMID: 30979002 PMCID: PMC6521199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores (B. coagulans) and prebiotic whole plant sugar cane fibre (PSCF) was assessed using a murine model of IBD. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, PSCF or its synbiotic combination. After seven days of supplementation, colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for seven days during the continuation of the supplemented diets. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated disease activity index and histological score (-72%, 7.38, respectively), more effectively than either B. coagulans (-47%, 10.1) and PSCF (-53%, 13.0) alone. Synbiotic supplementation also significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented the expression of tight junction proteins and modulated the altered serum IL-1β (-40%), IL-10 (+26%), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (-39%) levels. Synbiotic supplementations also raised the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile more extensively compared to the unsupplemented DSS-control. The synbiotic health outcome effect of the probiotic and prebiotic combinations may be associated with a synergistic direct immune-regulating efficacy of the components, their ability to protect epithelial integrity, stimulation of probiotic spores by the prebiotic fibre, and/or with stimulation of greater levels of fermentation of fibres releasing SCFAs that mediate the reduction in colonic inflammation. Our model findings suggest synbiotic supplementation should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Agampodi Promoda Perera
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Shakuntla V Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Sonia Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
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26
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Zuo T, Ng SC. The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2247. [PMID: 30319571 PMCID: PMC6167487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the twenty first century, the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) globally with increasing disease incidence across many countries relates to the altered gut microbiota, due to a combinatorial effect of environmental factors, human immune responses and genetics. IBD is a gastrointestinal disease associated with a gut microbial dysbiosis, including an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Advances in high-throughput sequencing enable us to entangle the gut microbiota in human health and IBD beyond the gut bacterial microbiota, expanding insights into the mycobiota, virobiota and helminthes. Caudovirales (viruses) and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Candida albicans (fungi) are revealed to be increased in IBD. The deconvolution of the gut microbiota in IBD lays the basis for unveiling the roles of these various gut microbiota components in IBD pathogenesis and being conductive to instructing on future IBD diagnosis and therapeutics. Here we comprehensively elucidate the alterations in the gut microbiota in IBD, discuss the effect of diets in the gut microbiota in relation to IBD, and illustrate the potential of manipulation of gut microbiota for IBD therapeutics. The therapeutic strategy of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation will benefit the effective application of precision microbiome manipulation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zuo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Mendonça LABM, Dos Santos Ferreira R, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães R, de Castro AP, Franco OL, Matias R, Carvalho CME. The Complex Puzzle of Interactions Among Functional Food, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:325. [PMID: 30234008 PMCID: PMC6133950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer exerts a strong influence on the epidemiological panorama worldwide, and it is directly correlated to etiologic factors that are substantiated by genetic and environmental elements. This complex mixture of factors also has a relationship involving the structural dependence and composition of the gut microbiome, leading to a dysbacteriosis process that may evolve to serious modifications in the intestinal lining, eventually causing the development of a neoplasm. The gastrointestinal tract presents defense strategies and immunological properties that interfere in intestinal permeability, inhibiting the bacterial translocation, thus maintaining the integrity of intestinal homeostasis. The modulation of the intestinal microbiome and the extinction of risk factors associated with intestinal balance losses, especially of environmental factors, make cell and defense alterations impossible. This modulation may be conducted by means of functional foods in the diet, especially soluble fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and prebiotics that signal immunomodulatory effects in the intestinal microbiota, with preventive and therapeutic action for colorectal cancer. In summary, this review focuses on the importance of dietary modulation of the intestinal microbiota as an instrument for dysbacteriosis and, consequently, for the prevention of colorectal cancer, suggesting anticarcinogenic, and antiangiogenic properties. Among the intestinal modulating agents considered here are functional foods, especially flaxseed, oat and soy, composing a Bioactive Food Compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia A B M Mendonça
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Dos Santos Ferreira
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alinne P de Castro
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Matias
- Post Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M E Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande, Brazil
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28
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Promoter methylation of the MGAT3 and BACH2 genes correlates with the composition of the immunoglobulin G glycome in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:75. [PMID: 29991969 PMCID: PMC5987481 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS and EWAS) and studies of promoter methylation of candidate genes for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have demonstrated significant associations between genetic and epigenetic changes and IBD. Independent GWA studies have identified genetic variants in the BACH2, IL6ST, LAMB1, IKZF1, and MGAT3 loci to be associated with both IBD and immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation. Methods Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, we analyzed CpG methylation in promoter regions of these five genes from peripheral blood of several hundred IBD patients and healthy controls (HCs) from two independent cohorts, respectively. Results We found significant differences in the methylation levels in the MGAT3 and BACH2 genes between both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis when compared to HC. The same pattern of methylation changes was identified for both genes in CD19+ B cells isolated from the whole blood of a subset of the IBD patients. A correlation analysis was performed between the MGAT3 and BACH2 promoter methylation and individual IgG glycans, measured in the same individuals of the two large cohorts. MGAT3 promoter methylation correlated significantly with galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc on IgG of the same patients, suggesting that activity of the GnT-III enzyme, encoded by this gene, might be altered in IBD. The correlations between the BACH2 promoter methylation and IgG glycans were less obvious, since BACH2 is not a glycosyltransferase and therefore may affect IgG glycosylation only indirectly. Conclusions Our results suggest that epigenetic deregulation of key glycosylation genes might lead to an increase in pro-inflammatory properties of IgG in IBD through a decrease in galactosylation and sialylation and an increase of bisecting GlcNAc on digalactosylated glycan structures. Finally, we showed that CpG methylation in the promoter of the MGAT3 gene is altered in CD3+ T cells isolated from inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis from a third smaller cohort, for which biopsies were available, suggesting a functional role of this glyco-gene in IBD pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0507-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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29
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Chiba H, Kakuta Y, Kinouchi Y, Kawai Y, Watanabe K, Nagao M, Naito T, Onodera M, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kanazawa Y, Kimura T, Shiga H, Endo K, Negoro K, Nagasaki M, Unno M, Shimosegawa T. Allele-specific DNA methylation of disease susceptibility genes in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194036. [PMID: 29547621 PMCID: PMC5856270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has an unknown etiology; however, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is a multifactorial disease influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation in cis and cis effects on expression have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that IBD susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate susceptibility gene expressions in cis by regulating DNA methylation around SNPs. For this, we determined cis-regulated allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) around IBD susceptibility genes in CD4+ effector/memory T cells (Tem) in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) in patients with IBD and examined the association between the ASM SNP genotype and neighboring susceptibility gene expressions. METHODS CD4+ effector/memory T cells (Tem) were isolated from LPMCs in 15 Japanese IBD patients (ten Crohn's disease [CD] and five ulcerative colitis [UC] patients). ASM analysis was performed by methylation-sensitive SNP array analysis. We defined ASM as a changing average relative allele score ([Formula: see text]) >0.1 after digestion by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. Among SNPs showing [Formula: see text] >0.1, we extracted the probes located on tag-SNPs of 200 IBD susceptibility loci and around IBD susceptibility genes as candidate ASM SNPs. To validate ASM, bisulfite-pyrosequencing was performed. Transcriptome analysis was examined in 11 IBD patients (seven CD and four UC patients). The relation between rs36221701 genotype and neighboring gene expressions were analyzed. RESULTS We extracted six candidate ASM SNPs around IBD susceptibility genes. The top of [Formula: see text] (0.23) was rs1130368 located on HLA-DQB1. ASM around rs36221701 ([Formula: see text] = 0.14) located near SMAD3 was validated using bisulfite pyrosequencing. The SMAD3 expression was significantly associated with the rs36221701 genotype (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the existence of cis-regulated ASM around IBD susceptibility genes and the association between ASM SNP (rs36221701) genotype and SMAD3 expression, a susceptibility gene for IBD. These results give us supporting evidence that DNA methylation mediates genetic effects on disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Chiba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Munenori Nagao
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Onodera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Negoro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Burke KE, Boumitri C, Ananthakrishnan AN. Modifiable Environmental Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:21. [PMID: 28397132 PMCID: PMC5651146 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental factors may influence predisposition to develop inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) or alter its natural history by modification of both the host immune response and intestinal microbial composition. The purpose of this review is to translate such evidence into clinical practice by a focus on interventional studies that have modified such environmental influences to improve disease outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Several environmental influences have been identified in the recent literature including tobacco use, diet, antibiotics, vitamin D deficiency, stress, appendectomy, and oral contraceptive use. Some risk factors have similar influences on both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis while others are disease-specific or have divergent effects. Emerging epidemiologic evidence has confirmed the association of many of these factors with incident disease using prospective data. In addition, laboratory data has supported their mechanistic plausibility and relevance to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Burke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Christine Boumitri
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn's and Colitis Center, 165 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Naughton RJ, Drust B, O’Boyle A, Abayomi J, Mahon E, Morton JP, Davies IG. Free-sugar, total-sugar, fibre, and micronutrient intake within elite youth British soccer players: a nutritional transition from schoolboy to fulltime soccer player. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:517-522. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is recommended that soccer players consume a high carbohydrate diet to augment performance. However, growing evidence suggests that there is a link between high free-sugar (FS) intake (>5% total energy intake; TEI) and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, foods that are often high in sugar, such as processed foods, are typically lacking in nutrient quality. We therefore analysed total-sugar, FS, dietary fibre, and micronutrient intake of players from an English Premier League academy under (U) 18 (n = 13), U15/16 (n = 25), and U13/14 (n = 21) using a 7-day food diary. Data were compared with current United Kingdom (UK) dietary reference value (DRV) for FS via a t test. The U13/14s (10% ± 18%) and U15/16s (11% ± 30%) both consumed higher amounts of FS in comparison with the UK DRV of 5% TEI (P < 0.01); conversely, the U18s did not exceed the DRV (5% ± 13%). Furthermore, FS intake of the U18s was significantly lower than the U13/14s and U15/16s (P < 0.01). Dietary fibre was below the DRV (25 g/day for U13/14 and U15/16s; 30 g/day for U18s) for all squads (19.0 ± 4.7, 19.6 ± 8.3, 17.1 ± 4.2 g/day, respectively), but not different between squads. Additionally, micronutrient reference intakes were generally met. In conclusion, we provide novel data on dietary sugar, fibre, and micronutrient intake within elite youth soccer players. We report an apparent “nutritional transition” from schoolboy to fulltime soccer player, with U18s showing a significantly lower intake of sugar in comparison with younger squads, and a similar intake of FS to the UK DRVs. Practitioners should target improving player education around sugar and fibre consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- School of Sports Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L17 6BD, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
- Liverpool Football Club, Melwood Training Ground, Deysbrook Lane, Liverpool, L12 8SY, UK
| | - Andy O’Boyle
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
- Liverpool Football Club, Melwood Training Ground, Deysbrook Lane, Liverpool, L12 8SY, UK
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Sports Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L17 6BD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mahon
- School of Sports Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L17 6BD, UK
| | - James P. Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ian G. Davies
- School of Sports Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L17 6BD, UK
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Roles of Dietary Amino Acids and Their Metabolites in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6869259. [PMID: 28392631 PMCID: PMC5368367 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6869259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a kind of chronic inflammation, which has increasing incidence and prevalence in recent years. IBD mainly divides into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is hard to cure IBD completely, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are regarded as important nutrients for humans and animals and also play an important role in IBD amelioration. In the present study, the potential protective effects of AAs and their metabolites on IBD had been summarized with the objective to provide insights into IBD moderating using dietary AAs and their metabolites as a potential adjuvant therapy.
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Bioactivity of Polyphenols: Preventive and Adjuvant Strategies toward Reducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Promises, Perspectives, and Pitfalls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9346470. [PMID: 27478535 PMCID: PMC4958438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9346470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by autoimmune and inflammation-related complications of the large intestine (ulcerative colitis) and additional parts of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease). Complications include pain, diarrhoea, chronic inflammation, and cancer. IBD prevalence has increased during the past decades, especially in Westernized countries, being as high as 1%. As prognosis is poor and medication often ineffective or causing side effects, additional preventive/adjuvant strategies are sought. A possible approach is via diets rich in protective constituents. Polyphenols, the most abundant phytochemicals, have been associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic properties. Locally reducing oxidative stress, they can further act on cellular targets, altering gene expression related to inflammation, including NF-κB, Nrf-2, Jak/STAT, and MAPKs, suppressing downstream cytokine formation (e.g., IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and boosting the bodies' own antioxidant status (HO-1, SOD, and GPx). Moreover, they may promote, as prebiotics, healthy microbiota (e.g., Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia), short-chain fatty acid formation, and reduced gut permeability/improved tight junction stability. However, potential adverse effects such as acting as prooxidants, or perturbations of efflux transporters and phase I/II metabolizing enzymes, with increased uptake of undesired xenobiotics, should also be considered. In this review, we summarize current knowledge around preventive and arbitrary actions of polyphenols targeting IBD.
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Li Yim AYF, Duijvis NW, Zhao J, de Jonge WJ, D'Haens GRAM, Mannens MMAM, Mul ANPM, Te Velde AA, Henneman P. Peripheral blood methylation profiling of female Crohn's disease patients. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:65. [PMID: 27279921 PMCID: PMC4897922 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder belonging to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). CD affects distinct parts of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms including diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, and anemia. The aim of this study was to assess whether the DNA methylome of peripheral blood cells can be associated with CD in women. Methods Samples were obtained from 18 female patients with histologically confirmed ileal or ileocolic CD and 25 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean age and standard deviation: 30.5 ± 6.5 years for both groups). Genome-wide DNA methylation was determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450k BeadChip. Results Our analysis implicated 4287 differentially methylated positions (DMPs; corrected p < 0.05) that are associated to 2715 unique genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of our DMPs in immune response processes and inflammatory pathways. Of the 4287 DMPs, 32 DMPs were located on chromosome X with several hits for MIR223 and PABPC5. Comparison with previously performed (epi)genome-wide studies revealed that we replicated 33 IBD-associated genes. In addition to DMPs, we found eight differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Conclusions CD patients display a characteristic DNA methylation landscape, with the differentially methylated genes being implicated in immune response. Additionally, DMPs were found on chromosome X suggesting X-linked manifestations of CD that could be associated with female-specific symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0230-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y F Li Yim
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Epinova Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Nicolette W Duijvis
- Tytgat Institute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tytgat Institute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R A M D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M A M Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adri N P M Mul
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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