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Amirmahani F, Ebrahimi N, Askandar RH, Rasouli Eshkaftaki M, Fazeli K, Hamblin MR. Long Noncoding RNAs CAT2064 and CAT2042 may Function as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer by Affecting Target MicrorRNAs. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:322-330. [PMID: 39005864 PMCID: PMC11239640 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men throughout the world, and the main cause of cancer death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as crucial regulators in many human cancers. In this research, we measured the expression level of novel lncRNAs and their associated micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in PCa. In the present research, three lncRNAs were selected using the Mitranscriptome projec (CAT2064, CAT2042, and CAT2164.2). Samples of prostate tissue (20 PCa, and 20 BPH) and blood (14 PCa, and 14 BPH) were collected and the Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression levels of the lncRNAs and their associated miRNAs. Based on our results, CAT2064 was significantly increased and CAT2042 was significantly decreased in human PCa tissue in comparison with BPH tissue. To discriminate PCa from BPH, CAT2064 (P < 0.05; 0.8750 AUC-ROC) showed a better potential as a diagnostic molecular biomarker compared to CAT2042 (P < 0.05; 0.8454 AUC-ROC). Furthermore, RT-qPCR results measured in blood samples from PCa patients showed a higher expression level of CAT2064 (P < 0.0001; AUC-ROC value of 0.8914) in comparison to CAT2042. CAT2064 and CAT2042 showed a positive correlation with the expression of miR-5095 and miR-1273a (r = 0.02885, 0.3202; P = 0.9413, 0.2266, respectively). CAT2064 and CAT2042 also had a negative correlation with miR-1304-3p and miR-1285-5p (r = - 0.3877, - 0.09330; P = 0.15, 0.7311, respectively). Collectively, CAT2064 and CAT2042 and their miRNA targets may constitute a regulatory network in PCa, and could serve as novel biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-021-00999-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Amirmahani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Katayoun Fazeli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
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Dhas N, Kudarha R, Tiwari R, Tiwari G, Garg N, Kumar P, Kulkarni S, Kulkarni J, Soman S, Hegde AR, Patel J, Garkal A, Sami A, Datta D, Colaco V, Mehta T, Vora L, Mutalik S. Recent advancements in nanomaterial-mediated ferroptosis-induced cancer therapy: Importance of molecular dynamics and novel strategies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122629. [PMID: 38631667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of controlled cell death resulting from an imbalance between oxidative harm and protective mechanisms, demonstrating significant potential in combating cancer. It differs from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Molecular therapeutics have hard time playing the long-acting role of ferroptosis induction due to their limited water solubility, low cell targeting capacity, and quick metabolism in vivo. To this end, small molecule inducers based on biological factors have long been used as strategy to induce cell death. Research into ferroptosis and advancements in nanotechnology have led to the discovery that nanomaterials are superior to biological medications in triggering ferroptosis. Nanomaterials derived from iron can enhance ferroptosis induction by directly releasing large quantities of iron and increasing cell ROS levels. Moreover, utilizing nanomaterials to promote programmed cell death minimizes the probability of unfavorable effects induced by mutations in cancer-associated genes such as RAS and TP53. Taken together, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis along with the classification of ferroptosis induction. It also emphasized the importance of cell organelles in the control of ferroptosis in cancer therapy. The nanomaterials that trigger ferroptosis are categorized and explained. Iron-based and noniron-based nanomaterials with their characterization at the molecular and cellular levels have been explored, which will be useful for inducing ferroptosis that leads to reduced tumor growth. Within this framework, we offer a synopsis, which traverses the well-established mechanism of ferroptosis and offers practical suggestions for the design and therapeutic use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jahnavi Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bangalore 560054, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anam Sami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Sheikhnia F, Maghsoudi H, Majidinia M. The Critical Function of microRNAs in Developing Resistance against 5- Fluorouracil in Cancer Cells. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:601-617. [PMID: 37642002 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230825144150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, resistance and recurrence in patients make it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in treating a broad range of human malignancies. The cytotoxic effects of 5-FU are mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS/TS), resulting in the suppression of essential biosynthetic activity, as well as the misincorporation of its metabolites into RNA and DNA. Despite its huge benefits in cancer therapy, the application of 5-FU in the clinic is restricted due to the occurrence of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Research has shown that changes in miRNA play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. This review examines the role of miRNAs in 5-FU drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Wanram S, Klaewkla N, Pinyosri P. Downregulation of Serum miR-133b and miR-206 Associate with Clinical Outcomes of Progression as Monitoring Biomarkers for Metastasis Colorectal Cancer Patients. Microrna 2024; 13:56-62. [PMID: 38231064 PMCID: PMC11275315 DOI: 10.2174/0122115366266024240101075745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Noncoding RNAs or microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) biomarkers can play a role in cancer carcinogenesis and progression. Specific KRAS and EGFR mutation are associated with CRC development playing a role in controlling the cellular process as epigenetic events. Circulating serum miRs can serve for early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of CRC as biomarkers but it is still unclear, clinically. OBJECTIVE To determine potential biomarkers of circulating serum miR-133b and miR-206 in CRC patients Methods: Bioinformatic prediction of microRNA was screened followed by TargetScanHuman7.2, miRTar2GO, miRDB, MiRanda, and DIANA-microT-CDS. Forty-four CRC serum (19 locally advanced, 23 distant advanced CRC) and 12 normal serum samples were subsequently extracted for RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and miR validation. The candidate circulating serum miR-133b and miR-206 were validated resulting in a relative expression via quantitative RT-PCR. Relative expression was normalized to the spike-internal control and compared to normal samples as 1 using the -2ΔΔCt method in principle. RESULTS Our results represented 9 miRs of miR-206, miR-155-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-30a- 5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-543, miR-877-5p relate to KRAS-specific miRs, whereas, 9 miRs of miR-133b, miR-302a-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-302d-3p, miR-302e, miR-520a-3p, miR-520b, miR-520c- 3p and miR-7-5p relevance to EGFR-specific miRs by using the bioinformatic prediction tools. Our results showed a decreased expression level of circulating serum miR-133b as well as miR-206 associating with CRC patients (local and advanced metastasis) when compared to normal (P < 0.05), significantly. CONCLUSION The circulating serum miR-133b and miR-206 can serve as significant biomarkers for monitoring the clinical outcome of progression with metastatic CRC patients. Increased drug-responsive CRC patients associated with crucial molecular intervention should be further explored, clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Wanram
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
- Biomedical Science Research Unit, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Namphon Klaewkla
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Parichart Pinyosri
- Biomedical Science Research Unit, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
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Avsar R, Gurer T, Aytekin A. Bioinformatics and Expression Analyses of miR-639, miR-641, miR-1915-3p and miR-3613-3p in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis. J Cancer 2023; 14:2399-2409. [PMID: 37670968 PMCID: PMC10475367 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important function in cancer development and progression. This study aims to determine the expression levels of miR-639, miR-641, miR-1915-3p, and miR-3613-3p in tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and the role of these miRNAs in the CRC pathogenesis. Methods: Tumor and non-tumor tissues were collected from a total of 59 CRC patients. qRT-PCR was used to identify the expressions of miR-639, miR-641, miR-1915-3p and miR-3613-3p. Through bioinformatics analysis, the target genes of miRNAs were identified by using DIANA mirPath v.3. Signaling pathways were generated using KEGG pathway database. Biological pathway, cellular component analysis, and analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) Networks were performed using FunRich and STRING database. Results: Our findings revealed that miR-639, miR-641 and miR-3613-3p were significantly downregulated, and miR-1915-3p was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared to non-tumor tissues (p˂0.05). Furthermore, MAPK signaling pathway was the most enriched KEGG pathway regulated by miR-639, miR-641, miR-1915-3p and miR-3613-p. According to the FunRich, it was demonstrated that the targeted genes by miRNAs related to the cellular component and biological pathways such as beta-catenin-TCF7L2, axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complexes, Arf6 signaling, Class I PI3K signaling, etc. And, by the PPI analysis, it was established that the target genes were clustered on CTNNB1 and KRAS. Conclusions: These outcomes imply that miR-639, miR-641 and miR-3613-3p have tumor suppressor roles, while miR-1915-3p has an oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of CRC. According to the results of the current study, dysregulated miR-639, miR-641, miR-1915-3p, and miR-3613-3p might contribute to the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Avsar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Turkan Gurer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alper Aytekin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Mozammel N, Amini M, Baradaran B, Mahdavi SZB, Hosseini SS, Mokhtarzadeh A. The function of miR-145 in colorectal cancer progression; an updated review on related signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154290. [PMID: 36621158 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a broad class of small, highly conserved non-coding RNAs that largely influence gene expression after transcription through binding to various target mRNAs. miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in a wide array of human cancers, possessing great value as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. miR-145, as promising tumor suppressor miRNA, also exhibits deregulated expression levels in human malignancies and participates in various processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation. In particular, miR-145 has been shown to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn leads to cell growth, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Furthermore, miR-145 is involved in the regulation of multiple tumor specific signaling pathways, such as KRAS and P53 signaling by targeting various genes through colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, considering its diagnostic and therapeutic potential, it was aimed to present the recent finding focusing on miR-145 functions to better understand its involvement in CRC incidence and progression through interplay with various signaling pathways. This study is based on articles indexed in PubMed and Google scholar until 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Mozammel
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Synthetic Circular miR-21 Sponge as Tool for Lung Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062963. [PMID: 35328383 PMCID: PMC8955967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world and several miRNAs are associated with it. MiRNA sponges are presented as tools to inhibit miRNAs. We designed a system to capture miRNAs based on circular RNAs (circRNA). To demonstrate its usefulness, we chose miR-21, which is upregulated and implicated in lung cancer. We constructed a miR-21 sponge and inserted it into a vector that facilitates circular RNA production (Circ-21) to study its effect on growth, colony formation, and migration in lung cancer cell lines and multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). Circ-21 induced a significant and time-dependent decrease in the growth of A549 and LL2 cells, but not in L132 cells. Furthermore, A549 and LL2 cells transfected with Circ-21 showed a lower number of colonies and migration than L132. Similar findings were seen in A549 and LL2 Circ-21 MTS, which showed a significant decrease in volume growth, but not in L132 Circ-21 MTS. Based on this, the miR-21 circular sponge may suppress the processes of tumorigenesis and progression. Therefore, our system based on circular sponges seems to be effective, as a tool for the capture of other miRNAs.
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Hu Z, Zhou X, Zeng D, Lai J. Shikonin induces cell autophagy via modulating the microRNA -545-3p/guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 1 axis, thereby disrupting cellular carcinogenesis in colon cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5928-5941. [PMID: 35192430 PMCID: PMC8973937 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK), a major component of shiverweed, was provided with anti-tumor effects via multiple targets and signal pathways. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of its function in colorectal cancer (CRC) still needed to be further explored. The study was designed to examine the role of SHK in CRC and its specific mechanism on the cell tumor behavior of CRC. Collection of clinical samples was performed, and test of microRNA (miR)-545-3p and guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta polypeptide 1 (GNB1) in the samples was conducted; Selection of CRC cell line was exerted, and examination of miR-545-3p and GNB1 was performed; After treatment of shikonin (SHK), correlated plasmids were transfected, test of cell advancement was performed. Test of the protein of autophagy-correlated proteins light chain 3-II/light chain 3I and p63 was performed. The interaction of miR-545-3p with GNB1 was explored, and the action of SHK in vivo was tested. SHK repressed the advancement of SW480 cells with elevated apoptosis and autophagy and the cells quantities in G0/G1 phase. MiR-545-3p was elevated in CRC. SHK boosted miR-545-3p, repression of miR-545-3p or augmentation of GNB1 was able to turn around the function of SHK on CRC, and GNB1 was the target gene of miR-545-3p.All in all, SHK stimulates apoptosis and autophagy in CRC via miR-545-3p/GNB1 signaling axis, firstly demonstrating the regulatory mechanism of SHK in CRC via miR-545-3p/GNB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiWei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - XinDong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - DeQiang Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
| | - JiaJun Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Yuebei People's Hospital of ShaoGuan, ShaoGuan, GuangDong, China
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Wang Y, Huang L, Shan N, Ma H, Lu S, Chen X, Long H. Establishing a three-miRNA signature as a prognostic model for colorectal cancer through bioinformatics analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19894-19907. [PMID: 34388112 PMCID: PMC8386531 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identification of more promising microRNAs (miRNAs) are being extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), since CRC is the leading cause of cancer deaths and most common malignant tumors worldwide. A series of colon cancer (CCa) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to provide a new perspective into this field. Methods: The expression of miRNAs, mRNAs and the clinical data of 437 CRC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. The survival-related differentially expressed miRNAs (sDMIRs) and mRNAs were detected by COX regression analysis. The high-risk group and low-risk group were separated by the median risk score of the risk score model. The potential clinical characteristics of these sDMIRs were analyzed by R software. The potential molecular mechanisms of these sDMIRs were explored by computational biology. The expression levels of three sDMIRs were explored by qPCR in CRC samples. Results: Three DMIRs (hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-194-3p and hsa-miR-891a-5p) correlated with the most remarkable prognostic values of CRC patients were selected to establish the risk score model (RSM) by univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis and the survival probability of the low-risk group was longer than that in the high-risk group. We detected the target genes of three sDMIRs and the potential molecular mechanisms of these sDMIRs. We further verified the high expression levels of hsa-miR-21-3p and hsa-miR-194-3p were associated with the early T-stages, while hsa-miR-891a-5p illustrated the reversed result. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated three sDMIRs with significantly clinical values illustrated the potential predicting values in the prognosis of CRC patients. Our results may provide a new perspective for the diagnostic methods and treatment strategies in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lumi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiwen Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Songmei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Long
- Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Priya S, Kaur E, Kulshrestha S, Pandit A, Gross I, Kumar N, Agarwal H, Khan A, Shyam R, Bhagat P, Prabhu JS, Nagarajan P, Deo SVS, Bajaj A, Freund JN, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S. CDX2 inducible microRNAs sustain colon cancer by targeting multiple DNA damage response pathway factors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258601. [PMID: 34369561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Priya
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swati Kulshrestha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himanshi Agarwal
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Radhey Shyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Bhagat
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Sabarimurugan S, Madhav MR, Kumarasamy C, Gupta A, Baxi S, Krishnan S, Jayaraj R. Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Stage II Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:15-30. [PMID: 32020560 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and underline multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of disease prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The required articles were collected from online bibliographic databases from January 2011 to November 2019 with multiple permutation keywords. Quantitative data synthesis was based on a meta-analysis with pooled data to observe and analyse the outcome measures and effect estimates by using the random effect model. The subgroup analysis was performed from demographic characteristics and the available data. RESULTS Eighteen articles were included in this study, 16 of which were incorporated for meta-analysis to examine the stage II CRC prognosis with up- and downregulated miRNA expressions. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for death in stage II CRC patients was 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.63-2.211), with a significant p value. A subgroup analysis based on up- or downregulated miRNA expression individually and any deregulated miRNA was also associated with a worse prognosis. The subgroup analysis included parameters such as age, gender, stage II and III combined patients' survival and the repetitive miRNAs (miR21, miR215, miR143-5p, miR106a and miR145) individually. CONCLUSION MicroRNAs play a significant role in determining prognosis in stage II CRC patients, with upregulation of miR21, miR215, miR143-5p and miR106a, in particular, portending a worse prognosis. These miRNAs could be considered for further evaluation as biomarkers of prognosis and to guide the decision to administer adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chellan Kumarasamy
- University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ajay Gupta
- American Oncology Institute, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT, 0810, Australia.
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12
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MiR-196: emerging of a new potential therapeutic target and biomarker in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9913-9920. [PMID: 33130965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs, as key elements in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, is correlated with various stages of this cancer. miR-196 is involved in the initiation and progression of a verity of malignances, especially CRC. miR-196 in CRC cells could target different types of genes with oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor function such as HOX genes, GATA6, SOCS1, SOCS3, ANXA1, DFFA, PDCD4, ZG16 and ING5. Therefore, these genes could be up or down-regulated in cells and subsequently change the capacity of CRC cells in terms of tumor development, progression and, response to therapy. Comprehension of miR-196-associated aberrations underlying the CRC pathogenesis might introduce promising targets for therapy. Additionally, it seems that miR-196 expression profiling, especially circulatory exosomal miR-196, might be useful for diagnosis and prognosis determination of the CRC patients. In this review, at first, we summarize the roles of miR-196 in different types of cancers. After that, a detailed discussion about this miRNA and also their targets in CRC pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment are represented. Moreover, we highlight the potential utilization of miR-196 and its targets as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers in early detection and prediction of prognosis in CRC patients.
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13
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Identification of Tumorigenic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Based on microRNA Expression Profiles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7136049. [PMID: 32802869 PMCID: PMC7424406 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7136049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although noncoding RNAs, especially the microRNAs, have been found to play key roles in CRC development in intestinal tissue, the specific mechanism of these microRNAs has not been fully understood. Methods GEO and TCGA database were used to explore the microRNA expression profiles of normal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma. And the differential expression genes were selected. Computationally, we built the SVM model and multivariable Cox regression model to evaluate the performance of tumorigenic microRNAs in discriminating the adenomas from normal tissues and risk prediction. Results In this study, we identified 20 miRNA biomarkers dysregulated in the colon adenomas. The functional enrichment analysis showed that MAPK activity and MAPK cascade were highly enriched by these tumorigenic microRNAs. We also investigated the target genes of the tumorigenic microRNAs. Eleven genes, including PIGF, TPI1, KLF4, RARS, PCBP2, EIF5A, HK2, RAVER2, HMGN1, MAPK6, and NDUFA2, were identified to be frequently targeted by the tumorigenic microRNAs. The high AUC value and distinct overall survival rates between the two risk groups suggested that these tumorigenic microRNAs had the potential of diagnostic and prognostic value in CRC. Conclusions The present study revealed possible mechanisms and pathways that may contribute to tumorigenesis of CRC, which could not only be used as CRC early detection biomarkers, but also be useful for tumorigenesis mechanism studies.
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14
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Lim D, Do Y, Kwon BS, Chang W, Lee MS, Kim J, Cho JG. Angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry as therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32438972 PMCID: PMC7330806 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.6.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is an essential process for growth and metastasis of cancer cells as it supplies tumors with oxygen and nutrients. During tumor angiogenesis, many pro-angiogenic factors are secreted by tumor cells to induce their own vascularization via activation of pre-existing host endothelium. However, accumulating evidence suggests that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a key alternative mechanism for tumor vascularization when tumors are faced with insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients. VM is a tumor vascularization mechanism in which tumors create a blood supply system, in contrast to tumor angiogenesis mechanisms that depend on pre-existing host endothelium. VM is closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in many cancers. Therefore, inhibition of VM may be a promising therapeutic strategy and may overcome the limitations of anti-angiogenesis therapy for cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the current anti-angiogenic therapies for ovarian cancer and the current state of knowledge regarding the links between microRNAs and the VM process, with a focus on the mechanism that regulates associated signaling pathways in ovarian cancer. Moreover, we discuss the potential for VM as a therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dansaem Lim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yeojin Do
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jin Gu Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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15
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Rama AR, Perazzoli G, Cabeza L, Mesas C, Quiñonero F, García-Pinel B, Vélez C. Novel MicroRNA Sponges to Specifically Modulate Gene Expression in Colon Cancer Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:325-334. [PMID: 32429773 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) sponges allow the selective blockade of a complete family of associated miRNAs, which induce post-transcriptional gene silencing in their target through binding to 3'UTR mRNA. miRNA-365 and miRNA-145 are downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) but not in healthy tissues. Based on this, we constructed two vectors by inserting miRNA sponges (one for miRNA-365 and other for miRNA-145), and used enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a 3'UTR reporter gene to analyze the ability of each sponge to catch its respective miRNA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results corroborated that the expression levels of both miRNAs were lower in CRC cell lines than in normal colon cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease of the EGFP expression levels in the cell lines transfected with both sponges, being higher on the normal cell line while CRC cell lines presented a minimal decline. Also, this decrease was inversely proportional to the levels of expression of both miRNAs obtained by qPCR. These results were corroborated by fluorescence microscopy, showing a similar decrease in fluorescence. We propose a new vector system to carry in a specific way the expression of genes to CRC cells without affecting healthy cells, preventing damage to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Rama
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Pinel
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Vélez
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biosanitary Research from Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Ren L, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Luo M, Hao Z. MicroRNA-876-5p represses the cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer through suppressing YAP signalling via targeting RASAL2. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:867-876. [PMID: 31990059 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNA-876-5p (miR-876-5p) is implicated in the progression of multiple human cancers. However, the potential role of miR-876-5p in colorectal cancer remains poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential role of miR-876-5p in colorectal cancer. miR-876-5p expression was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls. Gain-of-function assays revealed that miR-876-5p overexpression effectively repressed the malignant behaviours of colorectal cancer cells, including cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2), a potential oncogene for colorectal cancer, is a putative miR-876-5p target gene. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-876-5p directly binds to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of RASAL2. Furthermore, both RASAL2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were negatively modulated by miR-876-5p in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, there was an inverse correlation between miR-876-5p and RASAL2 expression in colorectal cancer tissue specimens. Moreover, miR-876-5p was involved in regulating the activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) signalling through inhibiting RASAL2. However, the miR-876-5p-mediated antitumour effect on colorectal cancer cells was partially reversed by restoring RASAL2 expression. Notably, miR-876-5p upregulation impeded the tumour growth of colorectal cancer cells in vivo in nude mice. Overall, these results demonstrated that miR-876-5p exerts an antitumour function in colorectal cancer by targeting RASAL2 to suppress YAP signalling activation. These findings highlight the importance of the miR-876-5p/RASAL2/YAP axis in colorectal cancer progression and suggest that miR-876-5p is a potential therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaosha Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Miranda Furtado CL, Dos Santos Luciano MC, Silva Santos RD, Furtado GP, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Epidrugs: targeting epigenetic marks in cancer treatment. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1164-1176. [PMID: 31282279 PMCID: PMC6791710 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1640546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene function is strongly related to the genesis of cancer. Unlike genetic mutations, the ability to reprogram the epigenetic landscape in the cancer epigenome is one of the most promising target therapies in both treatment and reversibility of drug resistance. Epigenetic alterations in cancer development and progression may be the basis for the individual variation in drug response. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging area of pharmaco(epi)genomics, specifically highlighting epigenetic reprogramming during tumorigenesis and how epigenetic markers are targeted as a therapy (epidrugs) and the clinical implications of this for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renan Da Silva Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Department of Surgery, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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18
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Chae DK, Park J, Cho M, Ban E, Jang M, Yoo YS, Kim EE, Baik JH, Song EJ. MiR-195 and miR-497 suppress tumorigenesis in lung cancer by inhibiting SMURF2-induced TGF-β receptor I ubiquitination. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2663-2678. [PMID: 31581360 PMCID: PMC6887584 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SMURF2 is a member of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that have important roles as a negative regulator of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling through ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of TGF‐β receptor I. However, the regulatory mechanism of SMURF2 is largely unknown. In this study, we identified that micro(mi)R‐195 and miR‐497 putatively target SMURF2 using several target prediction databases. Both miR‐195 and miR‐497 bind to the 3′‐UTR of the SMURF2 mRNA and inhibit SMURF2 expression. Furthermore, miR‐195 and miR‐497 regulate SMURF2‐dependent TβRI ubiquitination and cause the activation of the TGF‐β signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. Upregulation of miR‐195 and miR‐497 significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation through the activation of TGF‐β signaling. Interestingly, miR‐195 and miR‐497 also reduced the invasion ability of lung cancer cells when cells were treated with TGF‐β1. Subsequent in vivo studies in xenograft nude mice model revealed that miR‐195 and miR‐497 repress tumor growth. These findings demonstrate that miR‐195 and miR‐497 act as a tumor suppressor by suppressing ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of TGF‐β receptors through SMURF2, and suggest that miR‐195 and miR‐497 are potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Chae
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonsoo Cho
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunmi Ban
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihue Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Jiang C, Meng L, Yang B, Luo X. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment. Clin Genet 2019; 97:73-88. [PMID: 31231788 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, gene editing, especially that using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, has made great progress in the field of gene function. Rapid development of gene editing techniques has contributed to their significance in the field of medicine. Because the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is not only powerful but also has features such as strong specificity and high efficiency, it can accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome, facilitating the administration of gene therapy for specific diseases. In the field of tumor research, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit genomes to explore the mechanisms of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. In these years, this system has been increasingly applied in tumor treatment research. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to treat tumors by repairing mutations or knocking out specific genes. To date, numerous preliminary studies have been conducted on tumor treatment in related fields. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise for gene-level tumor treatment. Personalized and targeted therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 will possibly shape the development of tumor therapy in the future. In this study, we review the findings of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor treatment research to provide references for related future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Meng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Anorectal Surgery Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of PingLiang City, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, PingLiang, People's Republic of China
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