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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
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2
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Ismail MF, Lim SM, Lim FT, Ramasamy K. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterisation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12 in Pea Protein-Alginate Microcapsules. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10171-6. [PMID: 37816988 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of probiotics to high temperature and low pH remains a major challenge in food industries. Numerous commercially available probiotic products were reportedly presented with lower probiotic viability than claimed. To confer health benefits to the host, it is essential that probiotic strain remains viable at optimal amount during food processing procedures, storage and passage through the gastrointestinal tract. This study addressed these issues by immobilising Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12 isolated from tempeh (fermented soybean) in a polymeric matrix made up of alginate (Alg, 0.5% w/v) and denatured pea protein isolate (PPi, 1-10% w/v) using the emulsion/acidification technique. Alg supplemented with 10% PPi (Alg-PPi10) appeared to be optimally small (< 350 µm), substantiated by the improved surface smoothness and uniform dispersion of probiotics in the Alg-PPi core. The findings indicated that microencapsulation enhanced thermal stability of L. plantarum LAB12. The microencapsulated L. plantarum LAB12 remained highly viable (80%) despite exposure to 100 °C for 5 min. The microencapsulated cell number during storage at 4 and 25 °C for 8 weeks was greater than 7 log CFU g-1. L. plantarum LAB12 encapsulated in Alg-PPi10 exhibited high viability (96%) in simulated gastric juice (at pH 1.8 for 120 min) and facilitated maximum release of probiotics (> 9 log CFU g-1) in simulated intestinal fluid (at pH 6.8 for 240 min). Whilst retaining their intrinsic cholesterol lowering effect, microencapsulation conferred additional advantages to L. plantarum LAB12 in terms of lowering serum triglyceride and increasing HDL cholesterol in zebrafish fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Overall, our findings strongly imply the potential use of Alg-PPi10 as an effective medium that confers thermal protection and facilitates pH-sensitive release of cholesterol-reducing L. plantarum LAB12. This will allow the diverse applications L. plantarum LAB12 across health, food and agro-feed industries amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Fareez Ismail
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam Campus, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fei Tieng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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3
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Jacobse J, Brown RE, Li J, Pilat JM, Pham L, Short SP, Peek CT, Rolong A, Washington MK, Martinez-Barricarte R, Byndloss MX, Shelton C, Markle JG, Latour YL, Allaman MM, Cassat JE, Wilson KT, Choksi YA, Williams CS, Lau KS, Flynn CR, Casanova JL, Rings EHHM, Samsom JN, Goettel JA. Interleukin-23 receptor signaling impairs the stability and function of colonic regulatory T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112128. [PMID: 36807140 PMCID: PMC10432575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL23R is enriched in intestinal Tregs, yet whether IL-23 modulates intestinal Tregs remains unknown. Here, investigating IL-23R signaling in Tregs specifically, we show that colonic Tregs highly express Il23r compared with Tregs from other compartments and their frequency is reduced upon IL-23 administration and impairs Treg suppressive function. Similarly, colonic Treg frequency is increased in mice lacking Il23r specifically in Tregs and exhibits a competitive advantage over IL-23R-sufficient Tregs during inflammation. Finally, IL-23 antagonizes liver X receptor pathway, cellular cholesterol transporter Abca1, and increases Treg apoptosis. Our results show that IL-23R signaling regulates intestinal Tregs by increasing cell turnover, antagonizing suppression, and decreasing cholesterol efflux. These results suggest that IL-23 negatively regulates Tregs in the intestine with potential implications for promoting chronic inflammation in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Rachel E Brown
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ly Pham
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher T Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Rolong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Catherine Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janet G Markle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmond H H M Rings
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1075J MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Lea AJ, Garcia A, Arevalo J, Ayroles JF, Buetow K, Cole SW, Eid Rodriguez D, Gutierrez M, Highland HM, Hooper PL, Justice A, Kraft T, North KE, Stieglitz J, Kaplan H, Trumble BC, Gurven MD. Natural selection of immune and metabolic genes associated with health in two lowland Bolivian populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207544120. [PMID: 36574663 PMCID: PMC9910614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207544120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work has addressed human adaptations to diverse environments using genomic data, but few studies have connected putatively selected alleles to phenotypes, much less among underrepresented populations such as Amerindians. Studies of natural selection and genotype-phenotype relationships in underrepresented populations hold potential to uncover previously undescribed loci underlying evolutionarily and biomedically relevant traits. Here, we worked with the Tsimane and the Moseten, two Amerindian populations inhabiting the Bolivian lowlands. We focused most intensively on the Tsimane, because long-term anthropological work with this group has shown that they have a high burden of both macro and microparasites, as well as minimal cardiometabolic disease or dementia. We therefore generated genome-wide genotype data for Tsimane individuals to study natural selection, and paired this with blood mRNA-seq as well as cardiometabolic and immune biomarker data generated from a larger sample that included both populations. In the Tsimane, we identified 21 regions that are candidates for selective sweeps, as well as 5 immune traits that show evidence for polygenic selection (e.g., C-reactive protein levels and the response to coronaviruses). Genes overlapping candidate regions were strongly enriched for known involvement in immune-related traits, such as abundance of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Importantly, we were also able to draw on extensive phenotype information for the Tsimane and Moseten and link five regions (containing PSD4, MUC21 and MUC22, TOX2, ANXA6, and ABCA1) with biomarkers of immune and metabolic function. Together, our work highlights the utility of pairing evolutionary analyses with anthropological and biomedical data to gain insight into the genetic basis of health-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Angela Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Jesusa Arevalo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | | | | | - Heather M. Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | | | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
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5
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HDL, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1: Free from good and evil dualism. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Shughoury A, Sevgi DD, Ciulla TA. Molecular Genetic Mechanisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071233. [PMID: 35886016 PMCID: PMC9316037 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is among the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. In addition to environmental risk factors, such as tobacco use and diet, genetic background has long been established as a major risk factor for the development of AMD. However, our ability to predict disease risk and personalize treatment remains limited by our nascent understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenesis. Research into the molecular genetics of AMD over the past two decades has uncovered 52 independent gene variants and 34 independent loci that are implicated in the development of AMD, accounting for over half of the genetic risk. This research has helped delineate at least five major pathways that may be disrupted in the pathogenesis of AMD: the complement system, extracellular matrix remodeling, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress response. This review surveys our current understanding of each of these disease mechanisms, in turn, along with their associated pathogenic gene variants. Continued research into the molecular genetics of AMD holds great promise for the development of precision-targeted, personalized therapies that bring us closer to a cure for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aumer Shughoury
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Duriye Damla Sevgi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thomas A Ciulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc., Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
- Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46290, USA
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7
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Lipid Metabolism Disorders in the Comorbid Course of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112978. [PMID: 34831201 PMCID: PMC8616072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently among the most common liver diseases. Unfavorable data on the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome and obesity have increased the attention of clinicians and researchers to the problem of NAFLD. The research results allow us to emphasize the systemicity and multifactoriality of the pathogenesis of liver parenchyma lesion. At the same time, many aspects of its classification, etiology, and pathogenesis remain controversial. Local and systemic metabolic disorders are also a part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and can influence its course. The present article analyzes the metabolic pathways mediating the links of impaired lipid metabolism in NAFLD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides are involved in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways underlying the pathogenesis of both diseases. Moreover, inflammation and lipid metabolism demonstrate close links in the comorbid course of NAFLD and COPD.
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Fox CA, Moschetti A, Ryan RO. Reconstituted HDL as a therapeutic delivery device. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159025. [PMID: 34375767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of "pre β" high density lipoprotein (HDL) and reconstituted HDL (rHDL) have contributed to our understanding of the Reverse Cholesterol Transport pathway. The relative ease with which discoidal rHDL can be generated in vitro has led to novel applications including a) infusion of rHDL into patients to promote regression of atherosclerosis; b) use of rHDL as a miniature membrane for integration of transmembrane proteins in a native-like conformation and c) incorporation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules into rHDL, creating a delivery device. The present review is focused on bioactive agent containing rHDL. The broad array of hydrophobic bioactive molecules successfully incorporated into these particles is discussed, as well as the use of natural lipids and synthetic lipid analogs to confer distinctive binding activity. This technology remains in its infancy with the full potential of these simple, yet elegant, nanoparticles still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Anthony Moschetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
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Luna-Castillo KP, Lin S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Vizmanos B, López-Quintero A, Márquez-Sandoval F. Functional Food and Bioactive Compounds on the Modulation of the Functionality of HDL-C: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1165. [PMID: 33916032 PMCID: PMC8066338 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a serious public health problem and are the primary cause of death worldwide. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as one of the most important molecules in the prevention of CVD due to its multiple anti-inflammatories, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant properties. Currently, it has been observed that maintaining healthy levels of HDL-C does not seem to be sufficient if the functionality of this particle is not adequate. Modifications in the structure and composition of HDL-C lead to a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and dysfunctional version of the molecule. Various assays have evaluated some HDL-C functions on risk populations, but they were not the main objective in some of these. Functional foods and dietary compounds such as extra virgin olive oil, nuts, whole grains, legumes, fresh fish, quercetin, curcumin, ginger, resveratrol, and other polyphenols could increase HDL functionality by improving the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. Nevertheless, additional rigorous research basic and applied is required in order to better understand the association between diet and HDL functionality. This will enable the development of nutritional precision management guidelines for healthy HDL to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of dietary compounds (functional foods and bioactive components) on the functionality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
| | - Sophia Lin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Peterson SJ, Choudhary A, Kalsi AK, Zhao S, Alex R, Abraham NG. OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E976. [PMID: 33233550 PMCID: PMC7699797 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular-renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular-renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Abu Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Amardeep K. Kalsi
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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11
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Tsujita M, Vaisman B, Chengyu L, Vickers KC, Okuhira KI, Braesch-Andersen S, Remaley AT. Apolipoprotein A-I in mouse cerebrospinal fluid derives from the liver and intestine via plasma high-density lipoproteins assembled by ABCA1 and LCAT. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:773-788. [PMID: 33020907 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is present in human and mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite its lack of expression in brain cells. To identify the origin of apoA-I in CSF, we generated intestine-specific and liver-specific Apoa1 knockout mice (Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1Δliv mice, respectively). Lipoprotein profiles of Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1ΔLiv mice resembled those of control littermates, whereas knockout of Apoa1 in both intestine and liver (Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv ) resulted in a 60-percent decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels, thus strongly mimicking the Apoa1-/- mice. Immunoassays revealed that mouse apoA-I was not present in the CSF of the Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv mice. Furthermore, apoA-I levels in CSF were highly correlated with plasma spherical HDL levels, which were regulated by ABCA1 and LCAT. Collectively, these results suggest that apoA-I protein in CSF originates in liver and small intestine and is taken up from the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liu Chengyu
- Transgenic Core facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein component apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, play an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that HDLs comprise of a very heterogeneous group of particles, not only regarding size but also composition. HDL's best described function is its role in the reverse cholesterol transport, where lipid-free apoA-I or small HDLs can accept and take up cholesterol from peripheral cells and subsequently transport this to the liver for excretion. However, several other functions have also been described, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. In this article, the general features, synthesis and metabolism of apoA-I and HDLs will be discussed. Additionally, an overview of HDL functions will be given, especially in the context of some major pathologies like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the therapeutic potential of raising HDL will be discussed, focussing on the difficulties of the past and the promises of the future.
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Association of Genes in the High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolic Pathway with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:9538671. [PMID: 29977615 PMCID: PMC6011074 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9538671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association of genes in the high-density lipoprotein metabolic pathway (HDLMP) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and the genetic difference in the HDLMP between PCV and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods We performed a literature search in EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for genetic studies on 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 5 genes in the HDLMP including cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (LIPC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in PCV. All studies were published before September 30, 2017, without language restriction. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each polymorphism were estimated. We also compared the association profiles between PCV and AMD and performed a sensitivity analysis. Results Our result is based on 43 articles. After excluding duplicates and articles without complete information, 7 studies were applicable to meta-analysis. 7 polymorphisms were meta-analyzed: CETP rs2303790/rs3764261, LIPC rs10468017/rs493258, LPL rs12678919, ABCA1 rs1883025, and ABCG1 rs57137919. We found that in Asian population, CETP rs3764261 (T allele; OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.28–1.665, P < 0.01), CETP rs2303790 (G allele; OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.258–1.96, P < 0.01), and ABCG1 rs57137919 (A allele; OR = 1.168; 95% CI: 1.016–1.343, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with PCV, and ABCG1 rs57137919 (A allele; OR = 1.208, 95% CI: 1.035–1.411, P < 0.01) has different effects in PCV and AMD. The other 4 polymorphisms in LIPC/LPL/ABCA1 had no significant association with PCV (P > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis validated the significance of our analysis. Conclusions Our study revealed 7 polymorphisms in 5 genes. Among them, CETP (rs3764261/rs2303790) and ABCG1 (rs57137919) were the major susceptibility genes for PCV in Asian population and ABCG1 (rs57137919) showed allelic diversity between PCV and AMD. Since the size for PCV and AMD was small, we need to study these genes genotyping in larger samples.
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15
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Li X, Guo J, Liang N, Jiang X, Song Y, Ou S, Hu Y, Jiao R, Bai W. 6-Gingerol Regulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism by Up-regulation of LDLR and Cholesterol Efflux-Related Genes in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535632 PMCID: PMC5835308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingerols, the pungent ingredients in ginger, are reported to possess a cholesterol-lowering activity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study was to investigate how 6-gingerol (6-GN), the most abundant gingerol in fresh ginger, regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism. HepG2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of 6-GN ranging from 50 to 200 μM for 24 h. Results showed that both cellular total cholesterol and free cholesterol decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, 6-GN ranging from 100 to 200 μM increased the LDLR protein and uptake of fluorescent-labeled LDL. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of cholesterol metabolism-related genes were also examined. It was found that 6-GN regulated cholesterol metabolism via up-regulation of LDLR through activation of SREBP2 as well as up-regulation of cholesterol efflux-related genes LXRα and ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Davis W, Tew KD. ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) as a therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:188-200. [PMID: 29223352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA2 is primarily an endolysosomal membrane protein that demonstrates pleiotropic functionalities, coalescing around the maintenance of homeostasis of sterols, sphingolipids and cholesterol. It is most highly expressed in brain tissue and ABCA2 knockout mice express neurological defects consistent with aberrant myelination. Increased expression of the transporter has been linked with resistance to cancer drugs, particularly those possessing a steroid backbone and gene expression (in concert with other genes involved in cholesterol metabolism) was found to be regulated by sterols. Moreover, in macrophages ABCA2 is influenced by sterols and has a role in regulating cholesterol sequestration, potentially important in cardiovascular disease. Accumulating data indicate the critical importance of ABCA2 in mediating movement of sphingolipids within cellular compartments and these have been implicated in various aspects of cholesterol trafficking. Perhaps because the functions of ABCA2 are linked with membrane building blocks, there are reports linking it with human pathologies, including, cholesterolemias and cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and cancer. The present review addresses whether there is now sufficient information to consider ABCA2 as a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Dept. of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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17
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Liao H, Wan S, Zhang X, Shi D, Zhu X, Chen X. Intermedin Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Increasing Cholesterol Efflux Through the cAMP-PKA Pathway in Macrophage RAW264.7 Cell Line. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5462-5471. [PMID: 29146892 PMCID: PMC5702107 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the role of intermedin and its mechanism in cholesterol efflux of macrophage THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell lines in atherosclerosis (AS). Material/Methods ApoE−/− mice were fed with a high-fat diet, and the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. The lipidoses of the aortic sinus were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the cAMP level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) were tested by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results IMD decreased serum TC and LDL-C, and increased serum HDL-C level in apoE−/− mice and attenuated AS plaque areas. In vitro, IMD increased intracellular cAMP concentration in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell lines, which enhanced the expression of ABCA1 and increased cholesterol efflux rate. However, this effect was inhibited by PKAI in the RAW 264.7 cell line but not in the THP-1 cell line. Conclusions IMD can ameliorate the development of AS in ApoE−/− mice and regulate cholesterol balance in the RAW264.7 cell line through the cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shixi Wan
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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18
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Caveolin-1 facilitates internalization and degradation of ABCA1 and probucol oxidative products interfere with this reaction to increase HDL biogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:54-60. [PMID: 27579791 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Expression of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1, a key membrane protein for biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is regulated not only by its gene transcription but also by its intracellular degradation to modulate plasma HDL concentration. We previously showed that inhibition of ABCA1 degradation by probucol oxidative products, spiroquinone (SQ) and diphenoquinone (DQ), increased HDL biogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport, and achieved reduction of atherosclerosis in animal models. The background mechanism has thus been investigated. METHODS Involvement of caveolin-1, a protein of multiple functions in cell biology, particularly in cholesterol trafficking, has been examined for its roles in ABCA1 degradation as well as the effects of SQ and DQ on the reaction. RESULTS ABCA1 protein was increased in caveolin-1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, not by increase of transcription but by decrease in its internalization and degradation. Transfection and expression of caveolin-1 normalized the protein level and the rate of degradation of ABCA1. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated association between ABCA1 and caveolin-1 and SQ and DQ disrupted this interaction. The effects of SQ and DQ to increase ABCA1 and cell cholesterol release induced by apolipoprotein A-I were dependent on expression of caveolin-1. Fluorescence imaging of ABCA1 and caveolin-1 in cultured cells demonstrated their co-localization as well as its disruption by SQ and DQ, being consistent with the biochemical findings. CONCLUSIONS Caveolin-1 enhances internalization and degradation of ABCA1 by its association with ABCA1. Interference of this interaction by probucol oxidative products suppresses ABCA1 degradation and increase HDL biogenesis.
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Kimura Y, Tamasawa N, Matsumura K, Murakami H, Yamashita M, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Daimon M. Clinical Significance of Determining Plasma MicroRNA33b in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1276-1285. [PMID: 27301461 PMCID: PMC5113745 DOI: 10.5551/jat.33670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is the dominant liver insulin-stimulated isoform and strongly correlates with diabetic dyslipidemia characterized by hyperinsulinemia [i.e., high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertriglyceridemia]. MicroRNA (miRNA) 33b is harbored in the intron of SREBP-1c and represses ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, and member 1 (ABCA1) expression, essential for HDL formation. We measured plasma miRNA33b levels as possible biomarkers for diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showing insulin resistance. Methods: The participants included 50 patients with T2DM (M/F 31/19) enrolled in an educational program for controlling blood glucose levels at Hirosaki University Hospital. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were determined. Plasma miRNA33b, miRNA33a and miRNA148a were quantified using a TaqMan® MicroRNA Assay, and values were corrected with reference to miRNA16. Results: Mean BMI of participants were 28.2 ± 6.6 (kg/m2) and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was 4.3 ± 2.7. Patients' laboratory findings indicated diabetic dyslipidemia with insulin resistance. Plasma miRNA33b/16 levels revealed a positive correlation with plasma insulin level (r = 0.326, P = 0.021), serum C-peptide (r = 0.280, P = 0.049), and triglyceride (r = 0.351, P = 0.012), but no association with HDL-C (r = −0.210, P = 0.143). The blood level of miRNA33a was approximately 1/150th of that of miRNA33b and was not correlated with the above parameters. Conclusion: We postulated that plasma miRNA33b may be useful as a new metabolic biomarker of dyslipidemia in patients with T2DM as well as metabolic syndrome via an insulin/SREBP-1c/miRNA33b/ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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20
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Molecular characterization and developmental expression patterns of apolipoprotein A-I in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup). Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:7-18. [PMID: 27261260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is an essential component of the high density lipoproteins (HDL). In this study, the cDNA and genomic sequences of this apolipoprotein were characterized for first time in Solea senegalensis. The predicted polypeptide revealed conserved structural features including ten repeats in the lipid-binding domain and some residues involved in cholesterol interaction and binding. The gene structure analysis identified four exons and three introns. Moreover, the synteny analysis revealed that apoA-I did not localize with other apolipoproteins indicating a divergent evolution with respect to the apoA-IV and apoE cluster. The phylogenetic analyses identified two distinct apoA-I paralogs in Ostariophysi (referred to as Ia and Ib) and only one (Ib) in Acanthopterygii. Whole-mount in situ hybridization located the apoA-I signal mainly in the yolk syncytial layer in lecitotrophic larval stages. Later at mouth opening, the mRNA signals were detected mainly in liver and intestine compatible with its role in the HDL formation. Moreover, a clear signal was detected in some regions of the brain, retina and neural cord suggesting a role in local regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. After metamorphosis, apoA-I was also detected in other tissues such as gills, head kidney and spleen suggesting a putative role in immunity. Expression analyses in larvae fed two diets with different triacylglycerol levels indicated that apoA-I mRNA levels were more associated to larval size and development than dietary lipid levels. Finally, qPCR analyses of immature and mature transcripts revealed distinct expression profiles suggesting a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism.
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21
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Demina EP, Miroshnikova VV, Schwarzman AL. Role of the ABC transporters A1 and G1, key reverse cholesterol transport proteins, in atherosclerosis. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Isolated low-HDL cholesterol in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-014-0200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Hotta N, Abe-Dohmae S, Taguchi R, Yokoyama S. Preferential incorporation of shorter and less unsaturated acyl phospholipids into high density lipoprotein-like particles in the ABCA1- and ABCA7-mediated biogenesis with apoA-I. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 187:1-9. [PMID: 25665932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SPM) were globally analyzed for lipidomics in the nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles generated with human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) form HEK293 cells where either human ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 or ABCA7 was transfected and overexpressed. SPM/PC ratio was higher in the ABCA1-mediated HDL than ABCA7-mediated HDL likely being related to their cholesterol content, while it was less than the ratio in the cell membrane in either case. Molecular species composition of hydrocarbon chain moiety in each phospholipid in the HDL largely reflected that in the cells the lipoprotein originated in, without remarkable difference between ABCA1 and ABCA7. Further analysis, however, revealed apparent preference for the molecules with shorter hydrocarbon chain length for both PC and SPM in their relative incorporation into HDL by ABCA1 and ABCA7. Likewise, it was in favor for less-unsaturated hydrocarbon chains of PC while this preference was not apparent for SPM. The results are consistent with the view that assembly of HDL particles with extracellular apoA-I is primarily with the cellular phospholipid molecules being regulated in part by their physicochemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hotta
- Graduate Schools of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Taguchi
- Graduate Schools of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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24
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Akopian D, Kawashima RL, Medh JD. Phosphatidylcholine-Mediated Aqueous Diffusion of Cellular Cholesterol Down-Regulates the ABCA1 Transporter in Human Skin Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:214-224. [PMID: 26042209 PMCID: PMC4450801 DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2015/14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is a cholesterol transporter that contributes to the active transport/removal of excess cellular cholesterol. ABCA1 expression is up-regulated when cells accumulate cholesterol. AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between extracellular phospholipid levels and ABCA1 expression and function. METHODOLOGY Human foreskin fibroblasts were incubated with cholesterol alone or cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Total RNA was isolated and subjected to end-point RT-PCR to compare ABCA1 transcript levels. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis to compare ABCA1 protein levels. Cells were loaded with radiolabeled cholesterol and cellular cholesterol efflux was measured in the presence and absence of apoE, a cholesterol acceptor. ApoE-dependent efflux was calculated as a measure of ABCA1-mediated efflux. RESULTS Here we show that incubation of cholesterol-loaded human skin fibroblasts with L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) decreases ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels by 93% and 57%, respectively, compared to cells loaded with cholesterol alone. Similarly, PC treatment results in a 25% reduction in ABCG1 mRNA levels compared to cells treated with cholesterol alone, but there is no change in SR-BI transcript levels. Subsequent incubation of phospholipid-treated cells with a cholesterol acceptor such as apoE for 24 hours shows a 65% reduction in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux compared to efflux in cells not treated with PC. During the lipid treatment itself, there is a 2.7-fold greater loss of cholesterol from PC treated cells compared to cells treated with cholesterol alone. Measurement of cholesterol in cellular lipid extracts reveals that cells incubated in the presence of phosphatidylcholine are significantly depleted of cholesterol having only 20% of the cholesterol compared to cells loaded with cholesterol alone. CONCLUSION Thus, phosphatidylcholine facilitates removal of cellular cholesterol, thereby negating the cholesterol-dependent induction of ABCA1 message, protein and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Akopian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge Northridge CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Ryoko L Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge Northridge CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Jheem D Medh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge Northridge CA 91330-8262, USA
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25
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Hachero-Cruzado I, Rodríguez-Rua A, Román-Padilla J, Ponce M, Fernández-Díaz C, Manchado M. Characterization of the genomic responses in early Senegalese sole larvae fed diets with different dietary triacylglycerol and total lipids levels. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 12:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Purple perilla extracts allay ER stress in lipid-laden macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110581. [PMID: 25333946 PMCID: PMC4198214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that excess lipids, hypoxic stress and other inflammatory signals can stimulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic diseases. However, the pathophysiological importance and the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. The current study investigated that 50 ng/ml oxidized LDL promoted unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress in J774A1 murine macrophages, which was blocked by extracts (PPE) of purple Perilla frutescens, a plant of the mint family Lamiaceae. The ER stressor tunicamycin was employed as a positive control. Treating 1–10 µg/ml oxidized LDL for 24 h elicited lipotoxic apoptosis in macrophages with obvious nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation, which was inhibited by PPE. Tunicamycin and oxidized LDL activated and induced the UPR components of activating transcription factor 6 and ER resident chaperone BiP/Grp78 in temporal manners and such effects were blocked by ≥5 µg/ml PPE. In addition, PPE suppressed the enhanced mRNA transcription and splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) by tunicamycin and oxidized LDL. The protein induction and nuclear translocation of XBP1 were deterred in PPE-treated macrophages under ER stress. The induction of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was abolished by the ER stressor in activated macrophages. The protein induction of ABCA1 and ICAM1 but not SR-B1 was retrieved by adding 10 µg/ml PPE to cells. These results demonstrate that PPE inhibited lipotoxic apoptosis and demoted the induction and activation of UPR components in macrophages. PPE restored normal proteostasis in activated macrophages oxidized LDL. Therefore, PPE was a potent agent antagonizing macrophage ER stress due to lipotoxic signals associated with atherosclerosis.
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27
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Lin XL, He XL, Zeng JF, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Tan JK, Wang Z. FGF21 Increases Cholesterol Efflux by Upregulating ABCA1 Through the ERK1/2–PPARγ–LXRα Pathway in THP1 Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:514-21. [PMID: 24735204 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Pathology Department, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangdong Huizhou, China
| | - Xing-Lan He
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun-Fa Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jian-Kai Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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28
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Kim SH, Kothari S, Patel AB, Bielicki JK, Narayanaswami V. A pyrene based fluorescence approach to study conformation of apolipoprotein E3 in macrophage-generated nascent high density lipoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:124-8. [PMID: 24866239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) is an anti-atherogenic apolipoprotein with the ability to exist in lipid-free and lipoprotein-associated states. During atherosclerosis, its function in promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) takes a prominent role, leading to generation of nascent high density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. The objective of this study is to understand the conformation adopted by apoE3 in macrophage-generated nHDL using a fluorescence spectroscopic approach involving pyrene. Pyrene-labeled recombinant human apoE3 displayed a robust ability to stimulate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages (which do not express apoE), comparable to that elicited by unlabeled apoE3. The nHDL recovered from the conditioned medium revealed the presence of apoE3 by immunoblot analysis. A heterogeneous population of nHDL bearing exogenously added apoE3 was generated with particle size varying from ∼12 to ∼19 nm in diameter, corresponding to molecular mass of ∼450 to ∼700 kDa. The lipid: apoE3 ratio varied from ∼60:1 to 10:1. A significant extent of pyrene excimer emission was noted in nHDL, indicative of spatial proximity between Cys112 on neighboring apoE3 molecules similar to that noted in reconstituted HDL. Cross-linking analysis using Cys-specific cross-linkers revealed the predominant presence of dimers. Taken together the data indicate a double belt arrangement of apoE molecules on nHDL. A similar organization of the C-terminal tail of apoE on nHDL was noted when pyrene-apoEA277C(201-299) was used as the cholesterol acceptor. These studies open up the possibility of using exogenously labeled apoE3 to generate nHDL for structural and conformational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sea H Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Shweta Kothari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Arti B Patel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - John K Bielicki
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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29
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Li F, Li Y, Li M, Sun Y, Bai Y, Yang F, Guo J, Chen Y, Huang L, Li X. ABCA1 rs1883025 Polymorphism Shows No Association with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration or Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in a Northern Chinese Population. Ophthalmic Res 2014; 51:210-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000357978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Kang MH, Zhang LH, Wijesekara N, de Haan W, Butland S, Bhattacharjee A, Hayden MR. Regulation of ABCA1 protein expression and function in hepatic and pancreatic islet cells by miR-145. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2724-32. [PMID: 24135019 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein maintains cellular cholesterol homeostasis in several different tissues. In the liver, ABCA1 is crucial for high-density lipoprotein biogenesis, and in the pancreas ABCA1 can regulate insulin secretion. In this study, our aim was to identify novel microRNAs that regulate ABCA1 expression in these tissues. APPROACH AND RESULTS We combined multiple microRNA prediction programs to identify 8 microRNAs that potentially regulate ABCA1. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that 5 of these microRNAs (miR-148, miR-27, miR-144, miR-145, and miR-33a/33b) significantly repressed ABCA1 3'-untranslated region activity with miR-145 resulting in one of the larger decreases. In hepatic HepG2 cells, miR-145 can regulate both ABCA1 protein expression levels and cholesterol efflux function. In murine islets, an increase in miR-145 expression decreased ABCA1 protein expression, increased total islet cholesterol levels, and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Inhibiting miR-145 produced the opposite effect of increasing ABCA1 protein levels and improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Finally, increased glucose levels in media significantly decreased miR-145 levels in cultured pancreatic beta cells. These findings suggest that miR-145 is involved in glucose homeostasis and is regulated by glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that miR-145 regulates ABCA1 expression and function, and inhibiting this microRNA represents a novel strategy for increasing ABCA1 expression, promoting high-density lipoprotein biogenesis in the liver, and improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Kang
- From the Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Involvement of lipid droplets in hepatic responses to lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Lv YC, Yin K, Fu YC, Zhang DW, Chen WJ, Tang CK. Posttranscriptional Regulation ofATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1in Lipid Metabolism. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:348-58. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-cheng Lv
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu-chang Fu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Da-wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wu-jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chao-ke Tang
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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33
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Abstract
Multiple human population studies have established the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as an independent, inverse predictor of the risk of having a cardiovascular event. Furthermore, HDLs have several well-documented functions with the potential to protect against cardiovascular disease. These include an ability to promote the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages in the artery wall, inhibit the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDLs), inhibit vascular inflammation, inhibit thrombosis, promote endothelial repair, promote angiogenesis, enhance endothelial function, improve diabetic control, and inhibit hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. There are undoubtedly other beneficial functions of HDLs yet to be identified. The HDL fraction in human plasma is heterogeneous, consisting of several subpopulations of particles of varying size, density, and composition. The functions of the different HDL subpopulations remain largely unknown. Given that therapies that increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol have varying effects on the levels of specific HDL subpopulations, it is of great importance to understand how distribution of different HDL subpopulations contribute to the potentially cardioprotective functions of this lipoprotein fraction. This review summarizes current understanding of the relationship of HDL subpopulations to their cardioprotective properties and highlights the gaps in current knowledge regarding this important aspect of HDL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2052
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34
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Béaslas O, Metso J, Nissilä E, Laurila PP, Kaiharju E, Batchu KC, Kaipiainen L, Mäyränpää MI, Yan D, Gylling H, Jauhiainen M, Olkkonen VM. Osbpl8 deficiency in mouse causes an elevation of high-density lipoproteins and gender-specific alterations of lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58856. [PMID: 23554939 PMCID: PMC3598917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OSBP-related protein 8 (ORP8) encoded by Osbpl8 is an endoplasmic reticulum sterol sensor implicated in cellular lipid metabolism. We generated an Osbpl8−/− (KO) C57Bl/6 mouse strain. Wild-type and Osbpl8KO animals at the age of 13-weeks were fed for 5 weeks either chow or high-fat diet, and their plasma lipids/lipoproteins and hepatic lipids were analyzed. The chow-fed Osbpl8KO male mice showed a marked elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+79%) and phospholipids (+35%), while only minor increase of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was detected. In chow-fed female KO mice a less prominent increase of HDL cholesterol (+27%) was observed, while on western diet the HDL increment was prominent in both genders. The HDL increase was accompanied by an elevated level of HDL-associated apolipoprotein E in male, but not female KO animals. No differences between genotypes were observed in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) or hepatic lipase (HL) activity, or in the fractional catabolic rate of fluorescently labeled mouse HDL injected in chow-diet fed animals. The Osbpl8KO mice of both genders displayed reduced phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity, but only on chow diet. These findings are consistent with a model in which Osbpl8 deficiency results in altered biosynthesis of HDL. Consistent with this hypothesis, ORP8 depleted mouse hepatocytes secreted an increased amount of nascent HDL into the culture medium. In addition to the HDL phenotype, distinct gender-specific alterations in lipid metabolism were detected: Female KO animals on chow diet showed reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and increased plasma triglycerides, while the male KO mice displayed elevated plasma cholesterol biosynthetic markers cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol. Moreover, modest gender-specific alterations in the hepatic expression of lipid homeostatic genes were observed. In conclusion, we report the first viable OsbplKO mouse model, demonstrating a HDL elevating effect of Osbpl8 knock-out and additional gender- and/or diet-dependent impacts on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Béaslas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Nissilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Chaithanya Batchu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kaipiainen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB Division of Pathology, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helena Gylling
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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35
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Miyazaki T, Koya T, Kigawa Y, Oguchi T, Lei XF, Kim-Kaneyama JR, Miyazaki A. Calpain and atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 20:228-37. [PMID: 23171729 DOI: 10.5551/jat.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pro-atherogenic roles of Ca(2+)-sensitive intracellular protease calpains. Among more than ten species of calpain isozymes, µ- and m-calpains have been characterized most extensively. These two isozymes are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, and tightly regulate functional molecules in the vascular component cells through limited proteolytic cleavage. Indeed, previous cell-based experiments showed that calpains play significant roles in nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), maintenance of EC barrier function and angiogenesis for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Recently, we demonstrated that modified-low density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced m-calpain causes hyperpermeability in ECs, leading to the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and plasma lipids into the intimal spaces (Miyazaki T. et al., Circulation. 2011; 124: 2522-2532). Calpains also mediate oxidized LDL-induced apoptotic death in ECs. In monocytes/macrophages, calpains induce proteolytic degradation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), which results in impaired cholesterol efflux and subsequent macrophage foam cell formation. In vascular smooth muscle cells, calpains may be involved in the conversion from contractile phenotype to proliferative phenotype. In hepatocytes, calpains disrupt the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein via proteolytic degradation of ABCA1. Thus, calpains may serve as novel candidate molecular targets for control of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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36
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Ohoka N, Okuhira K, Cui H, Wu W, Sato R, Naito M, Nishimaki-Mogami T. HNF4α Increases Liver-Specific Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression and Cholesterol Efflux to Apolipoprotein A-I in Response to Cholesterol Depletion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1005-14. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays the major role in maintaining plasma high-density lipoprotein levels by producing cholesterol-accepting nascent high-density lipoprotein, whereas peripheral ABCA1 is responsible for releasing cellular cholesterol. We previously reported that in rodents, cholesterol depletion reduces ABCA1 expression in peripheral but not hepatic cells by increasing a liver-specific
ABCA1
transcript via the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 system. However, the regulatory element is not conserved in humans. Here we investigated the mechanism of sterol-regulated human hepatic
ABCA1
gene expression.
Methods and Results—
ABCA1 mRNA
variant
type L3
is a novel and human-liver-specific transcript accounting for ≈25% of total
ABCA1
mRNA in the liver and is induced by cellular cholesterol depletion. Specific knockdown or forced expression revealed that
type L3
produces functional ABCA1 protein in cholesterol efflux. We identified a regulatory enhancer element for
L3
expression lying within intron 3 of the human
ABCA1
gene, to which hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α binds in response to cholesterol depletion. HNF4α knockdown abolished induction of liver-specific
L3
and
L2b
transcripts (and consequently the liver-type response of ABCA1 expression to cellular cholesterol status) and diminished cholesterol efflux activity.
Conclusion—
These findings indicate that HNF4α regulates human hepatic ABCA1 expression in response to cholesterol depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumichi Ohoka
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Hongyan Cui
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Weijia Wu
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (N.O., K.O., H.C., W.W., M.N., T.N.-M.); Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.S.)
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37
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Goedeke L, Fernández-Hernando C. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:915-30. [PMID: 22009455 PMCID: PMC11114919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is among the most intensely regulated processes in biology. Since its isolation from gallstones at the time of the French Revolution, cholesterol has been extensively studied. Insufficient or excessive cellular cholesterol results in pathological processes including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Mammalian cells obtain cholesterol from the circulation in the form of plasma lipoproteins or intracellularly, through the synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). This process is tightly regulated at multiple levels. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple mechanisms by which cellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated. We also discuss the recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, including the role of small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs). These novel findings may open new avenues for the treatment of dyslipidemias and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, Smilow 703, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, Smilow 703, New York, NY 10016 USA
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The Effects of Highexpression and Knockdown Adipophilin in The Activity of ERK1/2 and Expression of PPARγ and Lipid Accumulation in Cells*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Sato K, Malchinkhuu E, Horiuchi Y, Mogi C, Tomura H, Tosaka M, Yoshimoto Y, Kuwabara A, Okajima F. Critical role of ABCA1 transporter in sphingosine 1-phosphate release from astrocytes. J Neurochem 2011; 103:2610-9. [PMID: 17931360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is accumulated in lipoproteins, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in plasma. However, it remains uncharacterized how extracellular S1P is produced in the CNS. The treatment of rat astrocytes with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP, which induce apolipoprotein E (apoE) synthesis and HDL-like lipoprotein formation, stimulated extracellular S1P accumulation in the presence of its precursor sphingosine. The released S1P was present together with apoE particles in the HDL fraction. S1P release from astrocytes was inhibited by the treatment of the cells with glybenclamide or small interfering RNAs specific to ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Astrocytes from Abca1-/- mice also showed impairment of retinoic acid/dibutyryl cAMP-induced S1P release in association with the blockage of HDL-like lipoprotein formation. However, the formation of either apoE or lipoprotein itself was not sufficient, and additional up-regulation of ABCA1 was requisite to stimulate S1P release. We conclude that the S1P release from astrocytes is coupled with lipoprotein formation through ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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40
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Terao Y, Ayaori M, Ogura M, Yakushiji E, Uto-Kondo H, Hisada T, Ozasa H, Takiguchi S, Nakaya K, Sasaki M, Komatsu T, Iizuka M, Horii S, Mochizuki S, Yoshimura M, Ikewaki K. Effect of sulfonylurea agents on reverse cholesterol transport in vitro and vivo. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:513-30. [PMID: 21636950 DOI: 10.5551/jat.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a critical mechanism for the anti-atherogenic property of HDL. The inhibitory effect of the sulfonylurea agent (SUA) glibenclamide on ATP binding-cassette transporter (ABC) A1 may decrease HDL function but it remains unclear whether it attenuates RCT in vivo. We therefore investigated how the SUAs glibenclamide and glimepiride affected the functionality of ABCA1/ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression in macrophages in vitro and overall RCT in vivo. METHODS RAW264.7, HEK293 and BHK-21 cells were used for in vitro studies. To investigate RCT in vivo, 3H-cholesterol-labeled and acetyl LDL-loaded RAW264.7 cells were injected into mice. RESULTS High dose (500µM) of glibenclamide inhibited ABCA1 function and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-mediated cholesterol efflux, and attenuated ABCA1 expression. Although glimepiride maintained apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 cells, like glibenclamide, it inhibited ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from transfected HEK293 cells. Similarly, the SUAs inhibited SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux from transfected BHK-21 cells. High doses of SUAs increased ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, promoting HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in an ABCG1-independent manner. Low doses (0.1-100 µM) of SUAs did not affect cholesterol efflux from macrophages despite dose-dependent increases in ABCA1/G1 expression. Furthermore, they did not change RCT or plasma lipid levels in mice. CONCLUSION High doses of SUAs inhibited the functionality of ABCA1/SR-BI, but not ABCG1. At lower doses, they had no unfavorable effects on cholesterol efflux or overall RCT in vivo. These results indicate that SUAs do not have adverse effects on atherosclerosis contrary to previous findings for glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Terao
- Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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41
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Demina EP, Miroshnikova VV, Rodygina TI, Kurianov PS, Vinogradov AG, Denisenko AD, Schwarzman AL. ABCA1 gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages in patients with atherosclerosis. Mol Biol 2011; 45:258-66. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Mo ZC, Xiao J, Liu XH, Hu YW, Li XX, Yi GH, Wang Z, Tang YL, Liao DF, Tang CK. AOPPs Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux by Down-regulating ABCA1 Expression in a JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway-Dependent Manner. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:796-807. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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43
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Tanaka N, Abe-Dohmae S, Iwamoto N, Yokoyama S. Roles of ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 in cholesterol homeostasis and host defense system. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 18:274-81. [PMID: 21173549 DOI: 10.5551/jat.6726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A7 is an ABC family protein that is a so-called full-size ABC transporter, highly homologous to ABCA1, which mediates the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with cellular lipid and helical apolipoproteins. ABCA7 mediates the formation of HDL when exogenously transfected and expressed; however, endogenous ABCA7 was shown to have no significant impact on the generation of HDL and was found to be associated with phagocytosis regulated by sterol regulatory element binding protein 2. Since phagocytosis is one of the fundamental functions of animal cells as an important responsive reaction to infection, injury and apoptosis, ABCA7 seems to be one of the key molecules linking sterol homeostasis and the host defense system. In this context, HDL apolipoproteins were shown to enhance phagocytosis by stabilizing ABCA7 against calpain-mediated degradation and increasing its activity, shedding light on a new aspect of the regulation of the host-defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukiyo Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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44
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Sato K, Okajima F. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in anti-atherogenic actions of high-density lipoprotein. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:327-37. [PMID: 21537467 PMCID: PMC3083937 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i11.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studies, however, have shown that HDL exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions independently of cholesterol metabolism. The present review provides an overview of the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor and apolipoprotein A-I/scavenger receptor class B type I systems in the anti-atherogenic HDL actions. In addition, the physiological significance of the existence of S1P in the HDL particles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sato
- Koichi Sato, Fumikazu Okajima, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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Contribution of D4-F to ABCA1 Expression and Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1 Macrophage-derived Foam Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 56:309-19. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181edaf69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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46
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Yamashita M, Tamasawa N, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Suda T. Insulin suppresses HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages through inhibition of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 expressions. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1183-9. [PMID: 20733269 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effect of insulin on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The potential involvement of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and membrane cholesterol transport was also addressed. METHODS Human monocyte-derived THP-1 cells were developed into macrophages. Cholesterol efflux was measured by incubating macrophages, labeled with [³H]-cholesterol, with HDL for 24 h. The cells were treated with insulin (0-500 nM) for 30 min prior to the addition of HDL. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the effect of insulin, the expressions of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (nCEH) and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) G1 were analyzed. RESULTS Insulin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Insulin also inhibited the enzyme activity of nCEH and its mRNA and protein expression in cells. Insulin also suppressed the expressions of mRNA and protein for ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS Insulin inhibits HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which may result from the suppression of nCEH and ABCG1 expressions. Our findings show part of the potential molecular mechanism of atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes with hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yamashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
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Howard AD, Verghese PB, Arrese EL, Soulages JL. Characterization of apoA-I-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and role of ABCA1. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 343:115-24. [PMID: 20535530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major reservoir of cholesterol and, as such, it may play a significant role in cholesterol homeostasis. The aims of this study were to obtain a quantitative characterization of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and examine the role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in this process. The rates of apoA-I-induced cholesterol and phospholipid efflux were determined and normalized by cellular protein or ABCA1 levels. In order to allow a comparative analysis, parallel experiments were also performed in macrophages. These studies showed that apoA-I induces cholesterol efflux from adipocytes at similar rates as from macrophages. Enhancement of the expression of ABCA1 increased the rates of cholesterol efflux from both adipocytes and macrophages. The results also suggested that a non-ABCA1-dependent mechanism could make significant contributions to the rate of apoA-I-dependent cholesterol efflux when the expression levels of ABCA1 are low. Furthermore, the study of the effect of inhibitors of lipid efflux showed that glyburide and brefeldin A, which affect ABCA1 function, exerted strong and similar inhibitory effects on lipid efflux from both adipocytes and macrophages, whereas BLT1, an SRB-I inhibitor, only exerted a moderate inhibition. Overall these studies suggest that ABCA1 plays a major role in apoA-I-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and showed high similarities between the abilities of adipocytes and macrophages to release cholesterol in an apoA-I-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D Howard
- 147 Noble Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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48
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Masson CJ, Plat J, Mensink RP, Namiot A, Kisielewski W, Namiot Z, Füllekrug J, Ehehalt R, Glatz JFC, Pelsers MMAL. Fatty acid- and cholesterol transporter protein expression along the human intestinal tract. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10380. [PMID: 20454462 PMCID: PMC2861623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein distribution profiles along the human intestinal tract of transporters involved in the absorption of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) have been scarcely evaluated. Methodology/Principal Findings In post-mortem samples from 11 subjects, intestinal transporter distribution profiles were determined via Western Blot. Differences in transporter protein levels were statistically tested using ANOVA and Tukey's Post Hoc comparisons. Levels in all segments were expressed relative to those in duodenum. Except for ABCG5 and FATP4, levels (mean±SEM) were the highest in the ileum. For ABCA1, ileal levels (1.80±0.26) differed significantly from those in duodenum (P = 0.049) and proximal colon (0.92±0.14; P = 0.029). ABCG8 levels in ileum (1.91±0.30) differed from those in duodenum (P = 0.041) and distal colon (0.84±0.22; P = 0.010) and jejunum (1.64±0.26) tended to be higher than distal colon (0.84±0.22; P = 0.087). Ileal NPC1L1 levels (2.56±0.51) differed from duodenum levels (P = 0.019) and from distal colon (1.09±0.22; P = 0.030). There was also a trend (P = 0.098) for higher jejunal (2.23±0.37) than duodenal NPC1L1 levels. The levels of ABCG5 did not correlate with those of ABCG8. FAT/CD36 levels in ileum (2.03±0.42) differed from those in duodenum (P = 0.017), and proximal and distal colon (0.89±0.13 and 0.97±0.15 respectively; P = 0.011 and P = 0.014). FABPpm levels in ileum (1.04±0.13) differed from proximal (0.64±0.07; P = 0.026) and distal colon (0.66±0.09; P = 0.037). Conclusions/Significance The distribution profiles showed a bell-shape pattern along the GI-tract with the highest levels in ileum for ABCA1, ABCG8, NPC1L1, FATCD36 and FABPm, suggesting a prominent role for ileum in transporter-mediated uptake of cholesterol and LCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan J. Masson
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Namiot
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kisielewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Namiot
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Ehehalt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan F. C. Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice M. A. L. Pelsers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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49
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Fu Y. Rate-limiting factors of cholesterol efflux in reverse cholesterol transport: Acceptors and donors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:703-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Patel AB, Khumsupan P, Narayanaswami V. Pyrene fluorescence analysis offers new insights into the conformation of the lipoprotein-binding domain of human apolipoprotein E. Biochemistry 2010; 49:1766-75. [PMID: 20073510 DOI: 10.1021/bi901902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal domain (CT) of apolipoprotein E (apoE), a critical protein involved in cholesterol transport in the plasma and brain, plays an important role in high-affinity lipoprotein binding. Although high-resolution structural information is available for the N-terminal domain of apoE, the structural organization of the CT (residues 201-299) is largely unknown. In this study, we employ site-specific fluorescence labeling with pyrene maleimide to gain insight into the structure and conformation of apoE CT in its naturally self-associated state in buffer at physiologically relevant concentrations (5-50 microg/mL). Pyrene is a highly sensitive fluorophore that reports on spatial proximity between desired sites by displaying unique spectral features. Pyrene was covalently attached to single cysteine-containing recombinant human apoE CT at position 223 or 255 to probe the first predicted helical segment and at position 277 to monitor the terminal predicted helical segment. Regardless of the location of the probe, all three pyrene-labeled apoE CT variants display an intense and dramatic fluorescence excimer band at 460 nm, a signature feature of pyrene, which indicates that two pyrene moieties are within 10 A of each other. In addition, an intense peak at 387 nm (indicative of a highly hydrophobic environment) was noted in all cases. Fluorescence emission quenching by potassium iodide indicates that the accessibility to the probes was restricted at these locations. The possibility that the hydrophobicity of the pyrene moiety was the driving force for helix-helix interaction was excluded because pyrene located at position 209, which is predicted to be located in a nonhelical segment, did not display the above intense unique features. Lastly, denaturation studies suggest that the terminal helix unfolds prior to the first predicted helix in apoE CT. Our studies indicate that there are extensive intermolecular helix-helix contacts throughout the entire CT in the lipid-free state with two apoE CT molecules oriented parallel to each other to form a dimer, which dimerizes further to yield a tetramer. Such an organization allows helix-helix interactions to be replaced by helix-lipid interactions upon encountering a lipoprotein surface, with the terminal helix likely initiating the binding interaction. This study presents the possibility of employing pyrene fluorophores as powerful new alternatives to obtain conformational information of proteins at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti B Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, USA
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