1
|
Jin E, Lee CE, Li H, Tham YC, Chen DZ. Association between sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:2027-2038. [PMID: 38091060 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a scarcity of literature focusing on sleep's impact on myopia in children despite an epidemic rise of myopia among the age group and the importance of early prevention. As such, this systematic review-meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between various aspects of sleep and myopia in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on 08/12/2022 for studies reporting sleep in relation to myopia among children and adolescents. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction < -0.5 diopter. The primary outcome was the relationship between sleep duration and myopia prevalence. Secondary outcomes include the effect of sleep quality, bedtime, and waketime on myopia prevalence, incidence, and progression. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Eighteen studies (49,277 participants) were included in the review, and six studies (14,116 participants) were included in the meta-analysis for the primary outcome. There was no significant correlation between sleep and myopia prevalence (OR = 0.905, 95% CI = 0.782 to 1.047). Some studies suggested that better sleep quality (2 of 6 studies), earlier bedtime (3 of 5 studies), and later waketimes (2 of 3 studies) had protective effects on myopia. CONCLUSION Sleep duration did not affect myopia prevalence in children, while other aspects of sleep had plausible but inconclusive impacts on myopia development and progression. More research with diverse populations and standardized methods of reporting is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chae Eun Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Z Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Level 7, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Swisher VS, Liu S, Ricketts EJ. Bedtime Regularity and Sleep Sufficiency in Children With Tourette Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 158:26-34. [PMID: 38945036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research demonstrating sleep disturbance in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), few studies have examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, two important sleep health dimensions. Therefore, this study examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency in children with TS relative to matched healthy control subjects, and its associated demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. METHODS Participants were 384 parents or caregivers of children aged three to 17 years, including 192 with current TS and 192 matched healthy control subjects drawn from the 2020-2021 cycle of the National Survey of Children's Health. Parents completed questions assessing demographic (i.e., age, race, sex), clinical (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, tic severity, behavioral or conduct problems, ADHD medication, health condition-related impairment), and behavioral (i.e., screen time) characteristics. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test of independence were performed to compare groups on bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively. Ordinal regression and binary logistic regression without and with backward elimination were performed to evaluate indicators of bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively, in children with TS. RESULTS Children with current TS had significantly poorer bedtime regularity, but not sleep sufficiency, relative to matched healthy control subjects. In children with TS, anxiety and two or more hours of daily screen time were associated with higher likelihood of poor bedtime regularity. Autism was associated with lower likelihood of insufficient sleep, and depression was associated with increased likelihood of insufficient sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings put forth screen time, anxiety, and depression as intervention targets to optimize sleep health in children with TS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Swisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Serene Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily J Ricketts
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kusaka S, Foo JC, Yamaguchi S, Yukawa A, Arai T, Sawamura F, Togo F, Sasaki T. A survey of mental health literacy in parents and guardians of teenagers. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295918. [PMID: 38404469 PMCID: PMC10884296 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parents and guardians (hereafter caregivers) of teenagers need high levels of mental health literacy (MHL) to manage mental health problems arising in teenagers in their care. Previous studies assessing MHL levels in caregivers of teenagers have reported mixed results, making it difficult to clearly estimate caregiver MHL levels. This study aimed to investigate MHL levels in Japanese caregivers of regular teenagers. Methods Responses from caregivers (n = 1,397) of students entering junior and senior high schools to a self-administered online questionnaire were analyzed. The questionnaire assessed (a) knowledge about mental health/illnesses and (b) attitudes towards mental health problems in teens in their care (e.g., recognition of depression as a medical illness and intention to engage in helping behaviors). Results The average proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions (n = 7) was 55.4%; about one tenth (9.2%) of caregivers correctly answered only one or none of the questions. Few caregivers correctly answered about the life-time prevalence of any mental illnesses (46.1%) and appropriate sleep duration for teenagers' health (16.5%). The proportions of caregivers who had the intention to listen to the teen in their care, consult another person, and seek professional medical help if the teen suffered from depression were 99.5%, 91.5% and 72.7%, respectively. Conclusions Many teenagers' caregivers appeared to be willing to help the teens in their care if they were suffering from mental health problems. However, there was much room for improvement in knowledge on mental health/illnesses and intention to seek help from medical professionals. Efforts toward better education should be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Kusaka
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Yukawa
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Arai
- Saitama Prefectural Education Bureau Student Consultation Division, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumika Sawamura
- Saitama Prefectural Education Bureau Health and Physical Education Division, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duh-Leong C, Fuller AE, Johnson SB, Coble CA, Nagpal N, Gross RS. Social Capital and Sleep Outcomes Across Childhood in United States Families. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:1226-1233. [PMID: 36641090 PMCID: PMC10333451 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether aspects of social capital, or benefits received from social relationships, are associated with regular bedtime and sleep duration across childhood in US families with lower income. METHODS Cross-sectional study using the 2018-19 National Survey of Children's Health in participants with incomes <400% federal poverty level. Separately for early childhood (0-5 years), school-age (6-12 years), and adolescence (13-17 years), we used weighted logistic regression to examine associations between social capital (measured by family social cohesion, parent social support, child social support) and sleep (measured by regular bedtime, sleep duration, adequate sleep per American of Academy of Sleep guidelines). Path analysis tested whether regular bedtime mediated associations between social capital and sleep duration. RESULTS In our sample (N = 35,438), 84.9% had a regular bedtime, 60.2% had adequate sleep. Family social cohesion was associated with sleep duration and adequate sleep (infancy: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.18 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32, 3.60]; school age: aOR 2.03 [95% CI, 1.57, 2.63]; adolescence: aOR 2.44 [95% CI, 1.94, 3.09]). In toddlerhood, parent social support was associated with adequate sleep (aOR 1.44 [95% CI, 1.06, 1.96]). In adolescence, child social support was associated with regular bedtime (aOR 1.70 [95% CI, 1.25, 2.32]. Across childhood, associations between family social cohesion and sleep duration were partially mediated by regular bedtime. CONCLUSIONS Family social cohesion was associated with adequate sleep across childhood, this was partially mediated by regular bedtime. Associations between social support and sleep outcomes varied by development stage. Future work should consider how supportive relationships may influence child sleep outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Duh-Leong
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY.
| | - Anne E Fuller
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (AE Fuller), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
| | - Chanelle A Coble
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (CA Coble), New York, NY
| | - Nikita Nagpal
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chan NY, Wu WJ, Chan JWY, Chan KCC, Li AM, Chan SSM, Hau KT, Wing YK. Sleep and academic performance among students in Hong Kong: Curvilinear relationship suggesting an optimal amount of sleep. Sleep Med 2023; 106:97-105. [PMID: 37079951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the association between sleep and academic performance using standardized academic assessment in a large and representative sample of school children and adolescents in Hong Kong. METHODS This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. Students completed territory-wide standardized tests in Chinese, English, and Mathematics and a set of questionnaires covering sleep, academic anxiety and motivation. Parents provided additional information on socioeconomic status and children's study behaviors. Weekday proxy sleep duration was reflected by time-in-bed, the difference between bedtime and wakeup time. RESULTS The study included 4262 Grade 3 (G.3) (mean age [SD], 9.2 [0.6] years; girls: 49.7%) and 3297 G.9 students (mean age [SD], 15.3 [0.74]; girls: 57.5%) from 77 schools. Apart from showing a general insufficiency of students' sleep in this metropolitan city, there was a significant quadratic relationship (G.3: β = -0.05, p < .001; G.9: β = -0.03, p < .01), indicating that students with an optimal level of sleep (9.5 h and 8.5 h in G.3 and G.9, respectively) tend to have better academic performance. The significant association remained after controlling for socioeconomic and study-related variables in that sleeping too little or too much was associated with poor academic performance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore the curvilinear association between sleep duration and academic performance by using standardized test and simultaneously examining learning-related controls with a large representative sample in Hong Kong. The findings suggested that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and academic performance in both school-aged children and adolescents. It is recommended that systematic sleep education and intervention is necessary to encourage the development of optimal sleep pattern, which might have beneficial effect on academic performance for students at both primary and secondary level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Jie Wu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kate Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandra Sau Man Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kit Tai Hau
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chua B, Neoh M, Jeon M, Joyce A, Iandolo G, Hayton J, Esposito G, Dimitriou D. Impact of sleep on attention in primary school-aged autistic children: Exploratory cross-cultural comparison between Singapore and UK children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104271. [PMID: 35759855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of research studying the impact sleep has on attention among typically developing (TD) children, but research is lacking among autistic children. AIMS The present study aimed to explore, for the first time, differences in (1) attention, (2) sleep parameters among primary school-aged Singaporean autistic children (N = 26) and Singaporean TD children (N = 20), and with UK autistic (N = 11) and UK TD children (N = 16), and (3) the impact of sleep on attention. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Actigraphy was used to objectively assess sleep, and a Continuous Performance Task was used to measure attentional domains. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS There were inconclusive findings indicating that autistic children had poorer sustained attention than TD children. Although autistic children did not display more sleep difficulties than TD children, they showed shorter actual sleep duration (Singapore ASD = 7:00 h, UK ASD = 7:35 h, p < .01) and longer sleep latency (Singapore ASD = 30:15 min, UK ASD = 60:00 min, p < .01) than clinical recommendations. Sleep difficulties were also present among Singaporean and UK TD children. Both TD groups had less actual sleep duration than recommended (Singapore TD = 6:32 h, UK TD = 8:07 h). Singaporean TD children had sleep efficiency below recommended criterion (78.15%). Sleep impacted attention across all groups, but effects were different for autistic and TD groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study highlighted the importance for practitioners and carers to adopt a child-centred approach to assessing sleep and attentional difficulties, especially among autistic children due to the high variability in performance within the group. The impact of cultural and school-setting differences on sleep was also raised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Chua
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Michelle Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mina Jeon
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Anna Joyce
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK
| | - Giuseppe Iandolo
- Department of Psychology, School of Biomedical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Observation and Functional Diagnosis Division, PSISE Clinical and Developmental Psychological Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Hayton
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Donnell A, Buffini M, Kehoe L, Nugent A, Kearney J, Walton J, Flynn A, McNulty B. Application of a composite scoring protocol to identify factors that contribute to the risk of overweight and obesity in Irish children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12922. [PMID: 35604281 PMCID: PMC9541128 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations into the main drivers of childhood obesity are vital to implement effective interventions to halt the global rise in levels. The use of a composite score may help to identify children most at risk of overweight/obesity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the cumulative impact of factors associated with overweight/obesity risk in children. METHODS Data were analysed from the Irish National Children's Food Survey II which included 600 children, aged 5-12-years. The risk factors examined included social class, parental, early life, lifestyle, and dietary components. A composite score was calculated which ranged from 0 (no risk factors for overweight/obesity) to 4 (4 risk factors for overweight/obesity). RESULTS In model 1 (%BF) the four factors associated with overweight/obesity risk were having a parent with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval 1.9-4.8), having a high birth weight of ≥4 kg (2.5; 1.6-3.9), being from a low social class (2.3; 1.4-3.8) and low physical activity (1.9; 1.2-2.8). Children who scored 3-4 points on the composite score had a 10-fold (10.0; 4.2-23.9) increased risk of overweight/obesity compared to those with 0 points, a sevenfold (7.2; 3.9-13.5) increased risk compared to those with 1 point and a threefold (2.6; 1.4-4.8) increased risk compared to those with 2 points, with similar results observed in model 2 (BMI). CONCLUSION The use of a composite score is a beneficial means of identifying children at risk of overweight/obesity and may prove useful in the development of effective interventions to tackle childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling O'Donnell
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Maria Buffini
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Anne Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland,School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food SecurityQueens University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - John Kearney
- School of Biological & Health SciencesTechnological University DublinDublinIreland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Breige McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Characteristic Sleep Patterns and Associated Obesity in Adolescents. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091316. [PMID: 36143353 PMCID: PMC9500978 DOI: 10.3390/life12091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep adversely affects health and may cause obesity. Poor sleep includes short sleep duration, low quality of sleep, and sleep discrepancy. Although most studies have focused on the association between sleep duration and obesity, poor sleep is a significant risk factor for obesity. Adolescents have characteristic sleep patterns which correspond to poor sleep. Adolescents sleep late due to various biological and psychosocial factors; also, they wake up early to be on time for school. This causes them to sleep less. To make up for this sleep debt, adolescents sleep more on non-school days, which causes sleep discrepancies. Therefore, since adolescents have characteristic sleep patterns, an in-depth investigation is needed to identify whether poor sleep is a risk for obesity. This article presents an overview of the characteristic sleep patterns of adolescents, and reviews studies on the association of each sleep pattern with obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu LC, Hattangadi N, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Stremler R, Constantin E, Charach A. Sleep Duration and Internalizing Symptoms in Children. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2022; 31:115-123. [PMID: 35919906 PMCID: PMC9275369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional problems such as anxiety and low mood have been associated with sleep problems in children. The study's objectives were to 1) assess the association between sleep duration and internalizing symptoms (anxiety and low mood) in children aged 5-12 years (y), and 2) evaluate whether insufficient sleep according to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) guidelines is associated with internalizing symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study of N =796 children aged 5-12y, recruited from primary care physicians' offices in Toronto, Canada was conducted through the TARGet Kids! research network. Using linear regression, we investigated 1) the cross-sectional association between parent reported 24-hour sleep duration (hours) and parent reported symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), controlling for child age, sex, family income, maternal education, family composition, and standardized body-mass index (zBMI). The analysis was repeated using insufficient sleep per NSF guideline as the independent variable. RESULTS Sleep duration was inversely associated with internalizing symptoms, B estimate = -0.33 (95%CI -0.57, -0.07), p=0.012. Twenty-eight (14%) children aged 5 y, and 36 (6%) of those aged 6-12y, experienced insufficient sleep. There was a trend toward association between insufficient sleep and internalizing symptoms, B estimate = 0.64 (-0.09, 1.38), p=0.086. CONCLUSION The relationship between insufficient sleep and internalizing symptoms among children requires further elucidation. Children who show internalizing symptoms may benefit from interventions supporting sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Nayantara Hattangadi
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health care, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Alice Charach
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Collings PJ, Grøntved A, Jago R, Kriemler S, Northstone K, Puder JJ, Salmon J, Sardinha LB, Steene-Johannessen J, van Sluijs EMF, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep duration and bedtimes with adiposity and obesity risk in 15 810 youth from 11 international cohorts. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12873. [PMID: 34851038 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of bedtimes and sleep durations with adiposity levels in children and adolescents. METHODS Individual data were pooled for 12 247 children (5819 with follow-up adiposity at 2.3 ± 1.4 years post-baseline) and 3563 adolescents from 11 international studies. Associations between questionnaire-based sleep durations, bedtimes and four groups of combined bedtimes and sleep lengths (later-shorter [reference]/earlier-shorter/later-longer/earlier-longer) with measured adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference z-scores) and weight status, were investigated. RESULTS In children, longer sleep durations were consistently associated with lower adiposity markers, and earlier bedtimes were related to lower BMI z-score. Compared to sleeping <10 h, longer baseline sleep duration favourably predicted Δwaist z-score in girls (≥10 and <11 h (β-coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI])): -0.06 (-0.12 to -0.01)) and boys (≥11 h: -0.10 [-0.18 to -0.01]). Combined groups that were defined by longer sleep (later-longer and earlier-longer sleep patterns) were associated with lower adiposity, and later-longer sleep favourably predicted Δwaist z-score in girls (-0.09 [-0.15 to -0.02]). In adolescents, longer sleep durations and earlier bedtimes were associated with lower BMI z-score in the whole sample, and also with lower waist z-score in boys. Combined groups that were characterized by earlier bedtimes were associated with the same outcomes. For example, earlier-shorter (-0.22 (-0.43 to -0.01) and earlier-longer (-0.16 (-0.25 to -0.06) sleep were both associated with lower BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS If the associations are causal, longer sleep duration and earlier bedtimes should be targeted for obesity prevention, emphasizing longer sleep for children and earlier bedtimes for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morrissey B, Orellana L, Allender S, Strugnell C. The Sleep-Obesity Nexus: Assessment of Multiple Sleep Dimensions and Weight Status Among Victorian Primary School Children. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:581-591. [PMID: 35422667 PMCID: PMC9005068 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s352357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between sleep and weight status across multiple dimensions of sleep (duration, efficiency, quality and timing) and assess the cumulative influence of these dimensions on the overall sleep-obesity association. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from 2253 students aged 8.8 to 13.5 years participating in two monitoring studies across regional Victoria was analyzed. Students were invited to have measures of height and weight taken and to complete a self-report electronic questionnaire on demographic characteristics and health behaviors. Logistic regression models were used to assess association between sleep dimensions and BMI z-scores. RESULTS Beyond sleep duration, poor perceived sleep quality, delayed sleep initiation, later bed times and sleep-wake timing, all significantly increased the odds of overweight/obesity (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07-2.01; OR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55; and OR 1.70. 95% CI: 1.28-2.28, respectively). Additionally, a cumulative effect of having multiple poorly scored sleep dimensions was found, where four or more poorly scored sleep dimensions more than doubled the odds of overweight/obesity among children (OR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.41-3.58). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of measuring and considering multiple dimensions of sleep, along with the individual and additive influence of the sleep dimension on the sleep-obesity nexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Morrissey
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bainton J, Hayes B. Sleep in an At Risk Adolescent Group: A Qualitative Exploration of the Perspectives, Experiences and Needs of Youth Who Have Been Excluded From Mainstream Education. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580211062410. [PMID: 35393870 PMCID: PMC9016615 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211062410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sleep needs, experiences and viewpoints were explored for UK adolescents who
have been excluded from mainstream education. Qualitative data was gathered
through interviews with 9 participants, aged 11–15 years, who also completed
questionnaires. The participants had symptoms of inadequate sleep, poor sleep
hygiene behaviours and were not getting the recommended amount of sleep on
school nights. Participants described sleep patterns involving often staying up
late and having different sleep timing on weekends than weekdays and having
difficulties with their sleep. Use of technology and the relevance of family
were identified as important and associated with facilitating and hindering
factors for sleep. Participants communicated that they lack control over aspects
of their sleep and their lives. The experiences and views of the participants
can inform professionals’ understanding of how to collaborate with adolescents
to improve their sleep and highlight that continued development of sleep
education programmes is timely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie Bainton
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Bath and North East Somerset Council, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Hayes
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamaguchi S, Foo JC, Kitagawa Y, Togo F, Sasaki T. A survey of mental health literacy in Japanese high school teachers. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:478. [PMID: 34592962 PMCID: PMC8482625 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School teachers are well-positioned to recognize mental health problems in their students and to help them seek appropriate help. Therefore, teachers need to have high levels of mental health literacy (MHL). In East Asia, however, few studies have examined MHL levels in teachers. In this study, MHL levels were investigated in Japanese teachers. METHODS Teachers (n = 665) from 27 Japanese high schools answered a self-administered questionnaire which assessed (a) knowledge about mental health/illnesses, (b) correct recognition of specific illnesses (depression, schizophrenia and panic disorder), (c) confidence in helping students with depressive symptoms, and (d) confidence in teaching mental health knowledge to students. RESULTS The average proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions (n = 20) was 58.1%. The proportion of those who correctly answered about the presence of a sharp increase of mental illnesses in adolescence was 51.7%. Few teachers correctly answered about the life-time prevalences of major mental illness in general (21.9%), depression (37.8%) and schizophrenia (19.8%). Depression, schizophrenia and panic disorder in vignette were correctly recognized by 54.1, 35.3 and 78.0% of teachers, respectively. Correct recognition was significantly lower in male than in female teachers. Only a small proportion of teachers had confidence in helping depressed students (19.9%) and in teaching mental health knowledge to students (11.1%). CONCLUSIONS MHL in Japanese high school teachers appears to be low. Education programs should be developed and implemented to improve teacher MHL with the aim of helping them to support students suffering from mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XCenter for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi S, Zuo K, Xu W. Feeling better or not: Adjusting affective style moderates the association between sleep duration and positive affect on next day. Psych J 2021; 10:905-915. [PMID: 34291594 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Affect is intertwined with sleep, yet how to adjust sleep duration to enhance affect remains unknown. Previous studies found that adjusting affective style, reflecting interindividual differences in emotion regulation, functions in processes where sleep modulates our affective state. Hence, this study examined whether and how it moderates the association between daily sleep duration and subsequent affect. An ambulatory assessment design was employed among 64 participants, wherein both within-person sleep duration and affect, and between-person affective styles were measured. Multilevel moderation analysis and simple-slope analysis were applied to test the moderation of adjusting affective style in the sleep-affect association. This study found that adjusting affective style significantly moderated the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect. Specifically, the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect was positive under higher adjusting affective style and negative under extremely lower adjusting affective style. However, such moderation was not observed in associations between subsequent negative affect and sleep duration. This study uncovers the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent affect, wherein the likelihood for individuals to reach more positive affective state by increasing sleeping duration might count on their ability of emotion regulation. Additionally, negative affect cannot be downregulated simply through long sleep duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Shi
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangjie Zuo
- Honors College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Horiuchi F, Kawabe K, Oka Y, Nakachi K, Hosokawa R, Ueno SI. Mental health and sleep habits/problems in children aged 3-4 years: a population study. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:10. [PMID: 34016148 PMCID: PMC8139149 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-021-00213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is essential for mental health at all ages, but few studies have investigated the importance of sleep for mental health in early childhood. Therefore, this study examined the association between mental health and sleep habits/problems in children aged 34 years. Methods Children aged 3 to 4 years who were living in the community (n=415; 211/204 boys/girls) were recruited for this study. Their mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and their sleep habits/problems were evaluated using the Child and Adolescent Sleep Checklist. Results Based on the total difficulties score of the SDQ, the children were divided into two groups: a poor mental health group (n=76) and a control group (n=339). In terms of sleep habits, which included total sleep time, bedtime, wake time, and nap conditions, there were no differences between the two groups. Regarding sleep-related problems, however, anxiety before going to sleep (p=0.026), circadian rhythm abnormalities (p=0.014), and sleepiness during classes outside of naptimes (p=0.031) were significantly higher in the poor mental health group than in the control group. Multiple regression analysis showed that poor mental health status was significantly associated with sleepiness and snoring (p=0.017 and p=0.018, respectively). Conclusions The mental health status of 34-year-old children was associated with sleep-related problems, namely sleepiness and snoring. Healthcare providers should pay attention to childrens irregular sleep-wake patterns; moreover, interventions for appropriate sleep hygiene will reduce the psychological burden on both children and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Horiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Ehime, Toon City, Japan. .,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Ehime, Toon City, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oka
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Nakachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Ehime, Toon City, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Rie Hosokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Ehime, Toon City, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Ehime, Toon City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shimizu M, Zeringue MM, Erath SA, Hinnant JB, El-Sheikh M. Trajectories of sleep problems in childhood: associations with mental health in adolescence. Sleep 2021; 44:5916520. [PMID: 33001174 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined initial levels (intercepts) of sleep-wake problems in childhood and changes in sleep-wake problems across late childhood (slopes) as predictors of externalizing behavior problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety in adolescence. To ascertain the unique effects of childhood sleep problems on adolescent mental health, we controlled for both childhood mental health and adolescent sleep problems. METHODS Participants were 199 youth (52% boys; 65% White/European American, 35% Black/African American). Sleep-wake problems (e.g. difficulty sleeping and waking up in the morning) were assessed during three time points in late childhood (ages 9, 10, and 11) with self-reports on the well-established School Sleep Habits Survey. At age 18, multiple domains of mental health (externalizing behavior problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) and sleep-wake problems were assessed. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling revealed that children with higher levels of sleep-wake problems at age 9 had consistently higher levels of such problems between ages 9 and 11. The initial level of sleep-wake problems at age 9 predicted externalizing behaviors, depressive symptoms, and anxiety at age 18, controlling for mental health in childhood and concurrent sleep-wake problems in adolescence. The slope of sleep-wake problems from ages 9 to 11 did not predict age 18 mental health. CONCLUSIONS Youth who had higher sleep-wake problems during late childhood had higher levels of mental health problems in adolescence even after controlling for childhood mental health and concurrent sleep-wake problems. Findings illustrate that childhood sleep problems may persist and predict adolescent mental health even when potentially confounding variables are rigorously controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shimizu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Megan M Zeringue
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Stephen A Erath
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - J Benjamin Hinnant
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Komrij NL, van Stralen MM, Busch V, Inhulsen MBMR, Koning M, de Jong E, Renders CM. Predictors of Changes in Sleep Duration in Dutch Primary Schoolchildren: the ChecKid Study. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:189-199. [PMID: 32314258 PMCID: PMC8016776 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy sleep duration is essential to health and well-being in childhood and later life. Unfortunately, recent evidence shows a decline in sleep duration among children. Although effective interventions promoting healthy sleep duration require insight into its predictors, data on these factors are scarce. This study therefore investigated (i) which individual (lifestyle), social and cultural factors, and living conditions and (ii) which changes in these factors might be associated with the changes in sleep duration of Dutch primary schoolchildren observed over time. METHOD Data from the ChecKid study was used, a dynamic cohort study among 4-13-year-old children living in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands. Associations between changes in sleep duration and individual (lifestyle) factors (i.e., age, sex, physical activity behavior, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen behavior), social and cultural factors (i.e., parental rules, ethnicity), and living conditions (i.e., parental education, presence of screens in the bedroom, household size) were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS A total of 1180 children participated, aged 6.6 ± 1.4 years in 2009. Mean sleep duration decreased from 11.4 ± 0.5 h/night in 2009 to 11.0 ± 0.5 h/night in 2012. Older children, boys, children who used screens after dinner, children with greater computer/game console use, and children whose parents had low levels of education had a greater decrease in sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS This article reports on one of the first large, longitudinal cohort studies on predictors of child sleep duration. The results of the study can inform future interventions aimed at promoting healthy sleep in primary schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Komrij
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Busch
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Youth Section, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maj-Britt M R Inhulsen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Youth Section, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Koning
- Research Centre Healthy Cities, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Elske de Jong
- Research Centre Healthy Cities, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Carry M Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Healthy Cities, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Goederen R, Pu S, Silos Viu M, Doan D, Overeem S, Serdijn WA, Joosten KFM, Long X, Dudink J. Radar-based sleep stage classification in children undergoing polysomnography: a pilot-study. Sleep Med 2021; 82:1-8. [PMID: 33866298 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Unobtrusive monitoring of sleep and sleep disorders in children presents challenges. We investigated the possibility of using Ultra-Wide band (UWB) radar to measure sleep in children. METHODS Thirty-two children scheduled to undergo a clinical polysomnography participated; their ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years. During the polysomnography, the children's body movements and breathing rate were measured by an UWB-radar. A total of 38 features were calculated from the motion signals and breathing rate obtained from the raw radar signals. Adaptive boosting was used as machine learning classifier to estimate sleep stages, with polysomnography as gold standard method for comparison. RESULTS Data of all participants combined, this study achieved a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.67 and an overall accuracy of 89.8% for wake and sleep classification, a Kappa of 0.47 and an accuracy of 72.9% for wake, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep classification, and a Kappa of 0.43 and an accuracy of 58.0% for wake, REM sleep, light sleep and deep sleep classification. CONCLUSION Although the current performance is not sufficient for clinical use yet, UWB radar is a promising method for non-contact sleep analysis in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R de Goederen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Pu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - M Silos Viu
- Section Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - D Doan
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Overeem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - W A Serdijn
- Section Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - K F M Joosten
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - X Long
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - J Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee WH, Kim SH, Na JY, Lim YH, Cho SH, Cho SH, Park HK. Non-contact Sleep/Wake Monitoring Using Impulse-Radio Ultrawideband Radar in Neonates. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:782623. [PMID: 34993163 PMCID: PMC8724301 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.782623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold standard for sleep monitoring, polysomnography (PSG), is too obtrusive and limited for practical use with tiny infants or in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) settings. The ability of impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar, a non-contact sensing technology, to assess vital signs and fine movement asymmetry in neonates was recently demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of quantitatively distinguishing and measuring sleep/wake states in neonates using IR-UWB radar and to compare its accuracy with behavioral observation-based sleep/wake analyses using video recordings. Methods: One preterm and three term neonates in the NICU were enrolled, and voluntary movements and vital signs were measured by radar at ages ranging from 2 to 27 days. Data from a video camcorder, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), and actigraphy were simultaneously recorded for reference. Radar signals were processed using a sleep/wake decision algorithm integrated with breathing signals and movement features. Results: The average recording time for the analysis was 13.0 (7.0-20.5) h across neonates. Compared with video analyses, the sleep/wake decision algorithm for neonates correctly classified 72.2% of sleep epochs and 80.6% of wake epochs and achieved a final Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.49 (0.41-0.59) and an overall accuracy of 75.2%. Conclusions: IR-UWB radar can provide considerable accuracy regarding sleep/wake decisions in neonates, and although current performance is not yet sufficient, this study demonstrated the feasibility of its possible use in the NICU for the first time. This unobtrusive, non-contact radar technology is a promising method for monitoring sleep/wake states with vital signs in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Lee
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Na
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Cho
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayes B, Bainton J. The impact of reduced sleep on school related outcomes for typically developing children aged 11–19: A systematic review. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320961130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This systematic literature review examines the relationship between restricted and reduced sleep and school performance, learning and cognitive functioning in typically developing adolescents. Correlational and experimental data were evaluated from 17 studies which included participants ranging from 11 to 19 years in studies from seven countries around the world. The review found that there is evidence that restricted and reduced sleep is negatively associated with school performance and cognitive outcomes, although the findings were mixed. Implications for psychologists working with schools are discussed. More research and evaluation is needed to establish how these factors relate to each other conclusively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hayes
- University College London, UK; Kent Educational Psychology Service, UK
- Bath and North East Somerset Council, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
St. Laurent CW, Burkart S, Rodheim K, Marcotte R, Spencer RMC. Cross-Sectional Associations of 24-Hour Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Sleep Duration Compositions with Sleep Quality and Habits in Preschoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7148. [PMID: 33003598 PMCID: PMC7579350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although some studies indicate physical activity and sleep quality are positively associated in children, most reports examined physical activity independent of other 24-h behaviors and focused on older children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the predicted changes in sleep efficiency and habits when reallocating time between movement behaviors using compositional isotemporal substitution in preschool-aged children. Accelerometers were worn by 288 participants (51.6 ± 9.5 months) for up to 16 days. Sleep outcomes included sleep efficiency, nap frequency, sleep disturbances, and bedtime resistance. Compositional isotemporal substitution analyses demonstrated that the combined effect of 24-h movement behaviors was associated with sleep efficiency (p < 0.001) and nap frequency (p < 0.003). When sleep increased by 30 min at the expense of stationary time or light physical activity, estimates of sleep efficiency and bedtime resistance decreased while nap frequency increased. When stationary time increased by 30 min from moderate to vigorous physical activity, estimated sleep efficiency increased and sleep disturbances decreased. Although this study presents preliminary evidence that 24-h movement behavior compositions in early childhood are associated with sleep quality and nap frequency, estimated effects from theoretical time reallocations across sleep outcomes were mixed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine W. St. Laurent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Katrina Rodheim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Robert Marcotte
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Rebecca M. C. Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shimizu M, Gillis BT, Buckhalt JA, El-Sheikh M. Linear and Nonlinear Associations between Sleep and Adjustment in Adolescence. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18:690-704. [PMID: 31537121 PMCID: PMC7080596 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2019.1665049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A growing body of work supports linear associations between sleep and socioemotional adjustment in adolescence. However, associations between sleep and adjustment are not necessarily linear and investigations of nonlinear effects are scarce. This study examined linear and nonlinear relations between several sleep-wake parameters and externalizing behavior and internalizing symptoms in adolescence, and assessed the role of adolescent sex as a moderator of effects. PARTICIPANTS Participants were high school students (N = 180; M age = 17.49, SD = .62; 59% female; 68% White/European American, 32% Black/African American) from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds living in semirural communities and small towns in Alabama. METHODS Sleep-wake parameters were indexed by actigraphy-derived sleep minutes and adolescents' reports on morningness-eveningness (circadian preference), sleep-wake problems (sleep quality), and sleepiness. Adolescents completed questionnaires on externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms. RESULTS Controlling for sleep duration, a higher preference for eveningness and poor sleep quality were associated in a linear fashion with increased externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Nonlinear relations between sleepiness and internalizing symptoms emerged with pronounced sex-related effects, including somewhat delayed accelerating relations for males and rapidly accelerating associations that tended to plateau for females. CONCLUSIONS Results illustrate the importance of examining multiple sleep-wake and adjustment variables as well as linear and nonlinear associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shimizu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Brian T. Gillis
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Joseph A. Buckhalt
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Alabama, Auburn
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong L, Fine ER, Michie S, Zhou Q, Mullin AC, Alvarado-Martinez CG, Hilmoe HE, Tran M, Harvey AG. Open trial of the Parent Behavior Change Intervention (PBC-I): Study protocol. Health Psychol 2020; 39:785-795. [PMID: 32833480 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents have profound impacts on adolescents' health behaviors. Yet parents receive minimal training in the elements of conversations that optimally inspire their children toward engaging in healthy behaviors. The current study examines a novel interpersonal target: parent-adolescent conversations about adolescent health behavior change. Derived from advances in the science of behavior change, the Parent Behavior Change Intervention (PBC-I) contains conversational elements (e.g., behavior change techniques, positive communication strategies) hypothesized to reduce parent-adolescent coercion and conflict and facilitate upward spirals of healthy behavior change in adolescents. METHOD/DESIGN The first phase of the study involves the development of the PBC-I in a small case series (N = 12 dyads). The second phase involves an open trial of the PBC-I (N = 36 dyads). Adolescents will receive six 50-min sessions of the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention to improve sleep while their parents receive six50-min sessions of the PBC-I. Parent-adolescent dyads will be assessed before and after the intervention. The primary analysis will examine whether postintervention use of behavior change techniques and positive communication strategies by parents is higher than preintervention use and whether increased use by parents predicts more positive conversational behaviors, less parent-adolescent conflict, higher adolescent motivation for change, and improved adolescent sleep. DISCUSSION This research provides an initial test of the hypothesis that improving the parent-adolescent conversation will improve adolescent sleep health behavior. While sleep-related health behaviors are the focus of this study, the research is designed to be relevant to a broad range of health behavior change in young people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Eve R Fine
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Alice C Mullin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Melanie Tran
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Since a thorough review in 2011 by Spruyt, into the integral pitfalls of pediatric questionnaires in sleep, sleep researchers worldwide have further evaluated many existing tools. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate and summarize the tools currently in circulation and provide recommendations for potential evolving avenues of pediatric sleep interest. 144 "tool"-studies (70 tools) have been published aiming at investigating sleep in primarily 6-18 years old per parental report. Although 27 new tools were discovered, most of the studies translated or evaluated the psychometric properties of existing tools. Some form of normative values has been established in 18 studies. More than half of the tools queried general sleep problems. Extra efforts in tool development are still needed for tools that assess children outside the 6-to-12-year-old age range, as well as for tools examining sleep-related aspects beyond sleep problems/disorders. Especially assessing the validity of tools has been pursued vis-à-vis fulfillment of psychometric criteria. While the Spruyt et al. review provided a rigorous step-by-step guide into the development and validation of such tools, a pattern of steps continue to be overlooked. As these instruments are potentially valuable in assisting in the development of a clinical diagnosis into pediatric sleep pathologies, it is required that while they are primary subjective measures, they behave as objective measures. More tools for specific populations (e.g., in terms of ages, developmental disabilities, and sleep pathologies) are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Sen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roberts CM, Harper KL, Bistricky SL, Short MB. Bedtime behaviors: Parental mental health, parental sleep, parental accommodation, and children’s sleep disturbance. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2019.1605607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Roberts
- Center for Pediatric Psychology, Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kristina L. Harper
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
| | - Steven L. Bistricky
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
| | - Mary B. Short
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El-Sheikh M, Philbrook LE, Kelly RJ, Hinnant JB, Buckhalt JA. What does a good night's sleep mean? Nonlinear relations between sleep and children's cognitive functioning and mental health. Sleep 2020; 42:5427866. [PMID: 30946458 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We attempted to identify the duration and quality of sleep associated with the optimal child outcomes in key developmental domains including cognitive functioning, academic performance, and mental health. In doing so, we examined nonlinear associations between the sleep and developmental variables. Based on racial/ethnic disparities in children's sleep, we assessed this variable as a moderator of examined relations. METHODS Two hundred eighty-two children participated (Mage = 9.4 years, SD = .72; 52% boys; 65% white/European American, 35% black/African American). Sleep was examined with actigraphy for seven consecutive nights and with self-reports. Actigraphy-based sleep duration (minutes) and quality (efficiency), as well as self-reported sleep quality were derived. Children reported on their mental health and were administered cognitive performance tests. Mothers and teachers reported on children's mental health; teachers also reported on academic functioning. Schools provided academic achievement data. RESULTS Sleep duration had an accelerating nonlinear negative association with externalizing behaviors. Nonlinear associations were also detected between both actigraphy-derived and subjective reports of sleep quality and multiple developmental domains including academic functioning and mental health and the best functioning corresponded with the highest levels of sleep quality. Emphasizing the importance of individual differences, several examined associations were moderated by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration and quality emerged as nonlinear predictors of multiple domains of child development. Findings illustrate that the benefits of longer and better-quality sleep did not taper off and that assessments of nonlinear relations may enhance understanding of the nature of associations between sleep and child functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Lauren E Philbrook
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY
| | - Ryan J Kelly
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - J Benjamin Hinnant
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Joseph A Buckhalt
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University Auburn, AL
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alves FR, de Souza EA, de França Ferreira LG, de Oliveira Vilar Neto J, de Bruin VMS, de Bruin PFC. Sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in a large sample of Brazilian high school adolescents. Sleep Med 2020; 66:207-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Nena E, Cassimos D, Kaditis A, Kourantzi M, Trakada G, Economou NT, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Steiropoulos P, Tsalkidis A. Predictors of Sleep Duration and Sleep Disturbance in Children of a Culturally Diverse Region in North-Eastern Greece. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32117830 PMCID: PMC7028695 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the sleep characteristics of children and explore associations with various socio-demographic factors in an area of Greece characterized by cultural diversity. Methods: A questionnaire about children's sleep habits had been distributed to parents of children who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic of University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis for a medical examination and to get a health certificate for participation in sports activities. Children with chronic health conditions were excluded. Results: In the study, 449 children (27.1% belonging to minorities) were included, aged 7.6 ± 2.9 years. Most of them (81.7%) slept after 10 p.m., with a mean nocturnal sleep duration of 9.4 ± 1.2 h. The most commonly reported disturbance was snoring (26.2%). Age and high educational level of the mother were both important determinants for sleeping late [OR 1.139 (1.033-1.255); p = 0.009 and OR 1.086 (1.004-1.175); p = 0.040, respectively]. The latter was also associated with an absence of any reported sleep disorder in children [OR 0.934 (0.877-0.994); p = 0.031]. A longer sleep duration was reported among Roma children (p = 0.022), which was more overt in girls (mean sleep duration 10.4 ± 1.6 h). In the Roma group also, the prevalence of sleep disorders was higher. Conclusion: Age progression and maternal educational level, along with cultural background, seem to be correlated with variations in the sleep characteristics of children in a culturally diverse population in Greece.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Cassimos
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kaditis
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, First Dept of Paediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kourantzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Trakada
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos-Tiberio Economou
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece.,School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelos Tsalkidis
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Campbell IG, Van Dongen HPA, Gainer M, Karmouta E, Feinberg I. Differential and interacting effects of age and sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness and vigilance in adolescence: a longitudinal study. Sleep 2019; 41:5088074. [PMID: 30169721 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives There is contradictory evidence on whether sleep need decreases across adolescence. We investigated this question longitudinally with a dose-response design to test the effects of varied sleep durations on daytime sleepiness and on vigilance and to test whether these relations change with age across early and mid-adolescence. Methods Data from 76 participants who completed at least 2 years of the 3-year study are included in this report. Annually, participants ranging in age from 9.8 to 16.2 years completed three different time in bed (TIB) schedules each consisting of four consecutive nights of 7, 8.5, or 10 hours. Daytime sleepiness (multiple sleep latency test [MSLT]) and vigilance (psychomotor vigilance test [PVT]) were measured on the day following the fourth night of each TIB schedule. Results Electroencephalogram (EEG)-measured sleep durations changed linearly with TIB. MSLT-measured daytime sleepiness decreased with longer TIB and increased with age. The TIB and age effects interacted such that the TIB effect decreased with age. PVT performance improved with longer TIB and improved with age, but the benefit that increased TIB conferred on PVT performance did not change with age. Conclusions These results seem paradoxical because daytime sleepiness increased but vigilance improved with age. The significant age effect on the relation between TIB and sleepiness compared to the lack of an age effect on the relation between TIB and vigilance performance suggests different rates of maturation in underlying brain systems. We interpret these findings in relation to our model of adolescent brain development driven by synaptic elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Center, and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Marcus Gainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Emmad Karmouta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Irwin Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ojio Y, Foo JC, Usami S, Fuyama T, Ashikawa M, Ohnuma K, Oshima N, Ando S, Togo F, Sasaki T. Effects of a school teacher-led 45-minute educational program for mental health literacy in pre-teens. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:984-988. [PMID: 30277316 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM A concise teacher-led program for mental health literacy (MHL), suitable for schools with tight schedules was developed, and its effects were examined in pre-teens. METHODS Participants comprised 662 grade 5 to 6 students from nine Japanese elementary schools. The program consisted of a 45-minute session, delivered by school teachers using a 10-minute animated film. Program focuses included: mental health problems are common, can be associated with lifestyle and that seeking help from reliable adults is a key to finding solutions. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires before, immediately after and 3 months post-intervention. Changes in MHL were analyzed using multilevel models. RESULTS Knowledge about mental health/illnesses, recognition of mental health state and intention to help peers/seek help when suffering from mental health problems, were significantly improved immediately and 3 months post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Concise teacher-led programs administered in schools can have positive and lasting effects on MHL in pre-teens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Ojio
- Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taruto Fuyama
- Graduate School of Film and New Media, Tokyo University of the Arts, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Ashikawa
- Saitama Prefectural Board of Education, Education Bureau, Health and Physical Education Division, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohnuma
- Department of Health and Information Studies, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norihito Oshima
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matricciani L, Fraysse F, Grobler AC, Muller J, Wake M, Olds T. Sleep: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. BMJ Open 2019; 9:127-135. [PMID: 31273023 PMCID: PMC6624061 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe objectively measured sleep characteristics in children aged 11-12 years and in parents and to examine intergenerational concordance of sleep characteristics. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint), nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. SETTING Data were collected between February 2015 and March 2016 across assessment centres in Australian major cities and selected regional towns. PARTICIPANTS Of the participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), sleep data were available for 1261 children (mean age 12 years, 50% girls), 1358 parents (mean age 43.8 years; 88% mothers) and 1077 biological parent-child pairs. Survey weights were applied and statistical methods accounted for the complex sample design, stratification and clustering within postcodes. OUTCOME MEASURES Parents and children were asked to wear a GENEActive wrist-worn accelerometer for 8 days to collect objective sleep data. Primary outcomes were average sleep duration, onset, offset, day-to-day variability and efficiency. All sleep characteristics were weighted 5:2 to account for weekdays versus weekends. Biological parent-child concordance was quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficients in unadjusted models and regression coefficients in adjusted models. RESULTS The mean sleep duration of parents and children was 501 min (SD 56) and 565 min (SD 44), respectively; the mean sleep onset was 22:42 and 22:02, the mean sleep offset was 07:07 and 07:27, efficiency was 85.4% and 84.1%, and day-to-day variability was 9.9% and 7.4%, respectively. Parent-child correlation for sleep duration was 0.22 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.28), sleep onset was 0.42 (0.19 to 0.46), sleep offset was 0.58 (0.49 to 0.64), day-to-day variability was 0.25 (0.09 to 0.34) and sleep efficiency was 0.23 (0.10 to 0.27). CONCLUSIONS These normative values for objective sleep characteristics suggest that, while most parents and children show adequate sleep duration, poor-quality (low efficiency) sleep is common. Parent-child concordance was strongest for sleep onset/offset, most likely reflecting shared environments, and modest for duration, variability and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Matricciani
- Sansom Institute, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Sansom Institute, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josh Muller
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Olds
- Sansom Institute, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bauman A, Bittman M, Gershuny J. A short history of time use research; implications for public health. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:607. [PMID: 31159790 PMCID: PMC6546621 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This section defined time use (TU) research, illustrating its relevance for public health. TUR in the health context is the study of health-enhancing and health-compromising behaviours that are assessed across a 24 h day. The central measurement is the use of Time Use Diaries, which capture 24–48 h, typically asking about behaviour in each 15-min period. TUR is used for understanding correlates of health behaviours, and as a form of population surveillance, assessing behavioural trends over time. Main body This paper is a narrative review examining the history of time use research, and the potential uses of TU data for public health research. The history of TUR started in studies of the labour force and patterns of work in the late 19th and early twentieth century, but has more recently been applied to examining health issues. Initial studies had a more economic purpose but over recent decades, TU data have been used to describe the distribution and correlates of health-enhancing patterns of human time use. These studies require large multi-country population data sets, such as the harmonised Multinational Time Use Study hosted at the University of Oxford. TU data are used in physical activity research, as they provide information across the 24-h day, that can be examined as time spent sleeping, sitting/standing/light activity, and time spent in moderate-vigorous activities. TU data are also used for sleep research, examining eating and dietary patterns, exploring geographic distributions in time use behaviours, examining mental health and subjective wellbeing, and examining these data over time. The key methodological challenge has been the development of harmonised methods, so population TU data sets can be compared within and between-countries and over time. Conclusions TUR provides new methods for examining public health research questions where a temporal dimension is important. These time use surveys have provided unique data over decades and in many countries that can be compared. They can be used for examining the effects of some large public health interventions or policies within and between countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney University, Level 6, Building D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Jonathan Gershuny
- Centre for Time Use Research, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morrissey B, Allender S, Strugnell C. Dietary and Activity Factors Influence Poor Sleep and the Sleep-Obesity Nexus among Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1778. [PMID: 31137502 PMCID: PMC6571639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Behavioral factors such as physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet have previously been found to be key modifiable determinants of childhood overweight and obesity, yet require further investigation to provide an understanding of their potential influence on sleep outcomes along with the sleep-obesity nexus. Methods: The study included 2253 students (ages 8.8-13.5) from two monitoring studies across regional Victoria. Students completed a self-report electronic questionnaire on demographic characteristics, health behaviors (including sleep, physical activity, screen time and diet) and well-being, and were invited to have anthropometric measurements (height and weight) taken. Regression models were used to assess the associations between sleep, behavioral factors and BMI z-scores. Results: Screen time (particularly in bed) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption were shown to increase the likelihood of having more than three sleep problems, while physical activity and other dietary factors were not. After controlling for these behaviors, significance remained for having two or more than three sleep problems and an increased odds of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: This study highlights how the usage of screen devices and SSB consumption behaviors might influence children's weight status via the sleep-obesity nexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Morrissey
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fuligni AJ, Bai S, Krull JL, Gonzales NA. Individual Differences in Optimum Sleep for Daily Mood During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2019; 48:469-479. [PMID: 28820607 PMCID: PMC5817027 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1357126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to establish an empirical basis for recommended sleep durations during adolescence need to take into account individual differences in optimum sleep, defined as the amount of sleep at which peak functioning is observed. A total of 419 adolescents (Mage = 15.03 years) with Mexican American backgrounds reported their nightly sleep duration and daily mood for a 2-week period at 1 or 2 waves of data collection, 1 year apart. Adolescents also completed an established measure of symptomatology. Multilevel modeling revealed a nonlinear association between sleep duration and next-day mood, whereby both too little and too much sleep were associated with elevated levels of daily distress. Significant individual differences in optimum sleep were observed such that younger adolescents and those with elevated levels of internalizing and total symptomatology evidenced greater sleep durations on nights before they reported their lowest levels of daily distress. Younger adolescents and those with higher internalizing and total symptomatology may need more sleep to reach their peak functioning the next day, at least in terms of daily mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fuligni
- a Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychology , University of California
| | - Sunhye Bai
- b Department of Psychology , University of California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sawyer E, Heussler H, Gunnarsson R. Defining short and long sleep duration for future paediatric research: A systematic literature review. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12839. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sawyer
- Cairns Clinical School College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- Centre for Children's Health Research University of Queensland South Brisbane Australia
- Child Development Service and Respiratory and Sleep Medicine – Children's Health Queensland South Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- Research and Development Unit Primary Health Care and Dental Care Narhalsan Southern Alvsborg County, Region Vastra Gotaland Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Institute of Medicine The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Del-Ponte B, Anselmi L, Assunção MCF, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Munhoz TN, Matijasevich A, Rohde LA, Santos IS. Sugar consumption and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A birth cohort study. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:290-296. [PMID: 30257225 PMCID: PMC6193136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by persistent symptoms of lack of attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The association between nutritional exposures and ADHD has been investigated and some studies have identified adverse effects from higher intake of sugar. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between change in sugar consumption between 6 and 11 years of age and incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort Study in Brazil. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to estimate sugar consumption and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) was applied to mothers to assess the presence of ADHD. RESULTS Only children without ADHD at 6 years and with complete information from FFQ and DAWBA at 6 and 11 years were included in the analyses (n = 2924). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Incidence of ADHD between 6 and 11 years was 4.6% (3.6-5.6%) among boys and 1.8% (1.2-2.5%) among girls. Adjusted analyses showed no association between always high sucrose consumption between 6 and 11 years and incidence of ADHD, compared with individuals who always presented low consumption, both among boys (OR = 0.66; 0.21-2.04) and girls (OR = 2.71; 0.24-30.35). LIMITATIONS Reflect those that are inherent to use of FFQs, such as memory bias and lack of precision in quantifying the diet. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is no association between sucrose consumption between 6 and 11 years of age and incidence of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Del-Ponte
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago N. Munhoz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iná S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A review of developmental consequences of poor sleep in childhood. Sleep Med 2018; 60:3-12. [PMID: 30660750 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a fairly diverse and complex construct to operationalize in a scientific and naturalistic context. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of reviews published in the last 5 years on poor sleep and developmental outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 42 articles (or 1117 studies) qualified. They reported outcomes related to poor sleep investigated as sleep disorders (38.1%), sleep 'in general' (26.2%), sleep duration (23.8%), in terms of circadian rhythm (4.8%), intra-individual variability (2.4%), and napping (2.4%). Sleep was primarily subjectively reported (30.2%), yet the methodology of sleep assessment was often neither tabulated nor discussed. Overall, most papers had a health-scope, being primarily weight problems expressed as body mass index. Its relationship with performance was measured with the Wechsler intelligence tests, the child behavior checklist and the continuous performance test, whereas meta-analytic papers specifically focused on cognition with sleep disorder (i.e. sleep-disordered breathing; 38.6%), on health (i.e. weight) with sleep duration (25%) and behavior with sleep 'in general' (15.9%), having a high true variance. Nevertheless, an aggregated effect size d of 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.42) suggests that poor sleep is moderately affecting a child's performance and health. In conclusion, poor sleep can no longer be disregarded, yet methodologies that are more rigorous and a scope beyond health may foster a better understanding of the role of (poor) sleep across childhood neurodevelopment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review paper is to discuss about sleep duration needed across the lifespan. Sleep duration varies widely across the lifespan and shows an inverse relationship with age. Sleep duration recommendations issued by public health authorities are important for surveillance and help to inform the population of interventions, policies, and healthy sleep behaviors. However, the ideal amount of sleep required each night can vary between different individuals due to genetic factors and other reasons, and it is important to adapt our recommendations on a case-by-case basis. Sleep duration recommendations (public health approach) are well suited to provide guidance at the population-level standpoint, while advice at the individual level (eg, in clinic) should be individualized to the reality of each person. A generally valid assumption is that individuals obtain the right amount of sleep if they wake up feeling well rested and perform well during the day. Beyond sleep quantity, other important sleep characteristics should be considered such as sleep quality and sleep timing (bedtime and wake-up time). In conclusion, the important inter-individual variability in sleep needs across the life cycle implies that there is no "magic number" for the ideal duration of sleep. However, it is important to continue to promote sleep health for all. Sleep is not a waste of time and should receive the same level of attention as nutrition and exercise in the package for good health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hill CM, Everitt H. Assessment and initial management of suspected behavioural insomnia in pre-adolescent children. BMJ 2018; 363:k3797. [PMID: 30327294 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Hill
- Division of Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel Everitt
- Division of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Z, Sousa-Sá E, Pereira J, Chaput JP, Okely A, Feng X, Santos R. Correlates of nocturnal sleep duration, nocturnal sleep variability, and nocturnal sleep problems in toddlers: results from the GET UP! Study. Sleep Med 2018; 53:124-132. [PMID: 30508780 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlates of nocturnal sleep duration, nocturnal sleep variability, and nocturnal sleep problems in a sample of Australian toddlers. METHODS Participants were 173 toddlers (average age 19.7 ± 4.1 months) from the GET UP! STUDY Nocturnal sleep duration, nocturnal sleep variability, nap(s) and physical activity were measured using 24-h accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+) over seven consecutive days. Nocturnal sleep problems were assessed using the Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire. Screen time was reported by the parents. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between potential correlates (ie, age, sex, socio-economic status, weight status, physical activity, screen time, nap(s), bedtimes, and wake-up times) and nocturnal sleep characteristics. RESULTS Older children were more likely to have greater sleep variability (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.08-3.61). Less physical activity (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.27-4.45), shorter nap(s) (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.29-4.55), and later wake-up times (OR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.32-8.42) were associated with higher odds of having longer nocturnal sleep duration. Late bedtimes were associated with shorter nocturnal sleep duration (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18) and with greater nocturnal sleep variability (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.06-3.68). None of the potential correlates were associated with nocturnal sleep problems. CONCLUSION The present study identifies several correlates of nocturnal sleep duration (total physical activity, nap(s), bedtime, and wake-up time) and nocturnal sleep variability (age and bedtime), whereas no correlates were identified for nocturnal sleep problems. The association between late bedtimes and shorter nocturnal sleep duration and greater nocturnal variability suggests that these may be modifiable targets for future sleep interventions in early childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12616000471482, 11/04/2016, retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - João Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab, Faculty of Social Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Balaban R, Cruz Câmara A, Barros Ribeiro Dias Filho E, de Andrade Pereira M, Menezes Aguiar C. Infant sleep and the influence of a pacifier. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:481-489. [PMID: 29896816 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Divergent opinions are found in the literature regarding the use of a pacifier. During the longitudinal follow-up of children, health professionals must take a position on this issue and offer clear information regarding the pros and cons of pacifier use so that parents/caregivers can feel comfortable enough to make their own decision. AIM Evaluate the beneficial effects of pacifier use on the sleep quality of infants. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted at public day care centres in the city of Recife, Brazil. Interviews were held with 157 mothers of infants aged five to 13 months. Data were collected on the mother's and child's profiles. Child's sleep quality was determined using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS The results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the group that used a pacifier and the group that did not use a pacifier with regard to sleep variables of the child. CONCLUSIONS When deciding whether or not to permit pacifier use, the infant's sleep quality should not be considered a critical factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Balaban
- Department of Prosthetics and Oral-Facial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cruz Câmara
- Department of Prosthetics and Oral-Facial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Menezes Aguiar
- Department of Prosthetics and Oral-Facial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bickham DS, Hswen Y, Slaby RG, Rich M. A Preliminary Evaluation of a School-Based Media Education and Reduction Intervention. J Prim Prev 2018; 39:229-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s10935-018-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
43
|
Busch V, Altenburg TM, Harmsen IA, Chinapaw MJ. Interventions that stimulate healthy sleep in school-aged children: a systematic literature review. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:53-65. [PMID: 28177474 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy sleep among children has social, physical and mental health benefits. As most of today’s children do not meet the healthy sleep recommendations, effective interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review summarizes the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions aiming to stimulate healthy sleeping in a general population of school-aged children. Methods The search engines PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Database Library were systematically searched up to March 2016. We included all studies evaluating interventions targeting healthy sleep duration and/or bedtime routines of children aged 4–12 years. All steps in this systematic review, i.e. search, study selection, quality assessment and data extraction, were performed following CRD Guidelines and reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Results Eleven studies were included, of which only two were of strong quality. The interventions varied in terms of targeted determinants and intervention setting. Overall, no evidence was found favoring a particular intervention strategy. One intervention that delayed school start time and two multi-behavioral interventions that targeted both the school and home setting showed promising effects in terms of increasing sleep duration. Conclusion Due to few high quality studies, evidence for the effectiveness of any particular intervention strategy to stimulate healthy sleep in children is still inconclusive. However, the more effective interventions in stimulating healthy sleep duration and adherence to regular bedtimes were mostly multi-behavioral interventions that included creating daily healthy routines and combined intervention settings (e.g. home and school). In conclusion, high-quality studies evaluating systematically developed interventions are needed to move this field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Busch
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Section Youth, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene A Harmsen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Section Youth, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai J Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chattu VK, Sakhamuri SM, Kumar R, Spence DW, BaHammam AS, Pandi-Perumal SR. Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: Is it time to classify it as a major noncommunicable disease? Sleep Sci 2018; 11:56-64. [PMID: 30083291 PMCID: PMC6056073 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three to four decades, it has been observed that the average total number of hours of sleep obtained per night by normal individuals have decreased. Concomitantly, global figures indicate that insufficient sleep is associated with serious adverse health and social outcomes. Moreover, insufficient sleep has been linked to seven of the fifteen leading causes of death. Additionally, current evidence suggests that sleep plays a significant role in determining cognitive performance and workplace productivity. There is a great need for a systematic analysis of the economic impact of insufficient sleep, particularly given current evidence that this phenomenon, as well as the poor sleep hygiene practices which produce it, is increasing worldwide. This paper takes the view that health authorities around the world need to raise the general awareness of benefits of sleep. There is considerable scope for research into both the public health impact as well as the macroeconomic consequences of insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Additionally, various models which estimate the undiagnosed burden of ISS on the GDP (gross domestic product) are needed to prioritize health issues and to highlight the national policies that are necessary to combat this medical problem. Sleep insufficiency has been declared to be a 'public health epidemic'; therefore, we propose ISS as a potential noncommunicable disease. This review elaborates on this topic further, exploring the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, and thus providing a perspective on the policies that are needed as well as the research that will be required to support and justify these policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St.
Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Sateesh M. Sakhamuri
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St.
Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Raman Kumar
- President, Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi,
India
| | | | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine and National
Plan for Science and Technology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Short MA, Weber N, Reynolds C, Coussens S, Carskadon MA. Estimating adolescent sleep need using dose-response modeling. Sleep 2018; 41:4791870. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Weber
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Scott Coussens
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- E. P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vidal H, Shochat T. Early to bed, early to rise: sleep perceptions, patterns and related behaviors in ultra-orthodox Jewish adolescents in Israel. Sleep Health 2017; 3:458-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Blunden SL. What more can we learn about sleep education programs in young people? Sleep Med Rev 2017; 36:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Chaput JP, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Carson V, Gruber R, Birken CS, MacLean JE, Aubert S, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health 2017; 17:855. [PMID: 29219078 PMCID: PMC5773910 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this systematic review was to examine for the first time the associations between sleep duration and a broad range of health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years. Methods Electronic databases were searched with no limits on date or study design. Included studies (published in English or French) were peer-reviewed and met the a priori determined population (apparently healthy children aged 1 month to 4.99 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (various sleep durations), and outcome criteria (adiposity, emotional regulation, cognitive development, motor development, growth, cardiometabolic health, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, quality of life/well-being, and risks/injuries). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Due to high levels of heterogeneity across studies, narrative syntheses were employed. Results A total of 69 articles/studies (62 unique samples) met inclusion criteria. Data across studies included 148,524 unique participants from 23 countries. The study designs were randomized trials (n = 3), non-randomized interventions (n = 1), longitudinal studies (n = 16), cross-sectional studies (n = 42), or longitudinal studies that also reported cross-sectional analyses (n = 7). Sleep duration was assessed by parental report in 70% of studies (n = 48) and was measured objectively (or both objectively and subjectively) in 30% of studies (n = 21). Overall, shorter sleep duration was associated with higher adiposity (20/31 studies), poorer emotional regulation (13/25 studies), impaired growth (2/2 studies), more screen time (5/5 studies), and higher risk of injuries (2/3 studies). The evidence related to cognitive development, motor development, physical activity, and quality of life/well-being was less clear, with no indicator showing consistent associations. No studies examined the association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic biomarkers in children aged 0 to 4 years. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “high” across study designs and health indicators. Conclusions Despite important limitations in the available evidence, longer sleep duration was generally associated with better body composition, emotional regulation, and growth in children aged 0 to 4 years. Shorter sleep duration was also associated with longer screen time use and more injuries. Better-quality studies with stronger research designs that can provide information on dose-response relationships are needed to inform contemporary sleep duration recommendations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4850-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Casey E Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Veronica J Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Joanna E MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Salomé Aubert
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cross-sectional associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and adiposity indicators among Canadian preschool-aged children using compositional analyses. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:848. [PMID: 29219077 PMCID: PMC5773862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity are three co-dependent behaviours that fall on the movement/non-movement intensity continuum. Compositional data analyses provide an appropriate method for analyzing the association between co-dependent movement behaviour data and health indicators. The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) the combined associations of the composition of time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with adiposity indicators; and (2) the association of the time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour, LPA, or MVPA with adiposity indicators relative to the time spent in the other behaviours in a representative sample of Canadian preschool-aged children. Methods Participants were 552 children aged 3 to 4 years from cycles 2 and 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA were measured with Actical accelerometers (Philips Respironics, Bend, OR USA), and sleep duration was parental reported. Adiposity indicators included waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) z-scores based on World Health Organization growth standards. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the cross-sectional associations. Results The composition of movement behaviours was significantly associated with BMI z-scores (p = 0.006) but not with WC (p = 0.718). Further, the time spent in sleep (BMI z-score: γsleep = −0.72; p = 0.138; WC: γsleep = −1.95; p = 0.285), sedentary behaviour (BMI z-score: γSB = 0.19; p = 0.624; WC: γSB = 0.87; p = 0.614), LPA (BMI z-score: γLPA = 0.62; p = 0.213, WC: γLPA = 0.23; p = 0.902), or MVPA (BMI z-score: γMVPA = −0.09; p = 0.733, WC: γMVPA = 0.08; p = 0.288) relative to the other behaviours was not significantly associated with the adiposity indicators. Conclusions This study is the first to use compositional analyses when examining associations of co-dependent sleep duration, sedentary time, and physical activity behaviours with adiposity indicators in preschool-aged children. The overall composition of movement behaviours appears important for healthy BMI z-scores in preschool-aged children. Future research is needed to determine the optimal movement behaviour composition that should be promoted in this age group.
Collapse
|
50
|
Beebe DW, Field J, Milller MM, Miller LE, LeBlond E. Impact of Multi-Night Experimentally Induced Short Sleep on Adolescent Performance in a Simulated Classroom. Sleep 2017; 40:2666708. [PMID: 28364497 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Investigate whether a realistic "dose" of shortened sleep, relative to a well-rested state, causes a decline in adolescents' learning and an increase in inattentive and sleepy behaviors in a simulated classroom setting. Methods Eighty-seven healthy 14.0- to 16.9-year olds underwent a 3-week sleep manipulation protocol, including two 5-night sleep manipulation conditions presented in a randomly counterbalanced within-subjects cross-over design. Wake time was held constant. Bedtimes were set to induce Short Sleep (SS; 6.5 hours in bed) versus Healthy Sleep (HS; 10 hours in bed). During the morning at the end of each condition, participants underwent a simulated classroom procedure in which they viewed lecture-based educational videotapes and completed relevant quizzes. Their behaviors in the simulated classroom were later coded by condition-blind raters for evidence of inattention and sleepiness. Results Adolescents had a longer average sleep period during HS (9.1 hours) than SS (6.5 hours). Compared to scores during HS, adolescents scored significantly lower on the quiz, showed more behaviors suggestive of inattention and sleepiness in the simulated classroom, and were reported by adolescents themselves and by their parents to be more inattentive and sleepy during SS. However, the impact of the manipulation on quiz scores was not mediated by changes in attention or sleepiness. Conclusions Although effect sizes were modest, these findings suggest that previously-reported correlations between sleep duration and academic performance reflect true cause-effect relationships. Findings add to the growing evidence that the chronically shortened sleep experienced by many adolescents on school nights adversely impacts their functioning and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julie Field
- Immaculate Heart of Mary School, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Megan M Milller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT
| | | |
Collapse
|