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Cuautle DG, Donna S, Cieri MB, Villarreal A, Ramos AJ. Pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes: Involvement of DNA methylation and downregulation of homeostatic genes. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38943350 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons, maintain ionic and water homeostasis, and uptake and recycle neurotransmitters. After exposure to the prototypical PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive astrocytes increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, facilitating neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the expression of homeostatic genes in astrocytes exposed to LPS and identified the epigenetic factors contributing to the suppression of homeostatic genes in reactive astrocytes. Primary astrocytic cultures were acutely exposed to LPS and allowed to recover for 24, 72 h, and 7 days. As expected, LPS exposure induced reactive astrogliosis and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-1B and IL-6. Interestingly, the acute exposure resulted in persistent hypermethylation of astroglial DNA. Similar hypermethylation was observed in highly reactive astrocytes from the traumatic brain injury (TBI) penumbra in vivo. Hypermethylation was accompanied by decreased expression of homeostatic genes including LDHA and Scl16a1 (MCT1) both involved in the lactate shuttle to neurons; glutamine synthase (GS) responsible for glutamate processing; Kcnj10 (Kir4.1) important for K+ homeostasis, and the water channel aquaporin-4 (Aqp4). Furthermore, the master regulator of DNA methylation, MAFG-1, as well as DNA methyl transferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a were overexpressed. The downregulation of homeostatic genes correlated with increased methylation of CpG islands in their promoters, as assessed by methylation-sensitive PCR and increased DNMT3a binding to the GS promoter. Treatment with decitabine, a DNMT inhibitor, prevented the LPS- and the HMGB-1-induced downregulation of homeostatic genes. Decitabine treatment also prevented the neurotoxic effects of these astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. In summary, our findings reveal that the pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes encompasses not only the pro-inflammatory response but, significantly, also entails a long-term suppression of homeostatic gene expression with methylation of crucial CpG islands within their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Gómez Cuautle
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Donna
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Cieri
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Javier Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kianersi S, Redline S, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Huang T. Associations of Slow-Wave Sleep With Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1044-e1055. [PMID: 37084404 PMCID: PMC10686689 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT N3 sleep (i.e., slow-wave sleep), a marker of deep restorative sleep, is implicated in hormonal and blood pressure regulation and may impact cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVE We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses to test whether a higher proportion and longer duration of N3 sleep are associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS A subsample of participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed 1-night polysomnography at Exam 5 (2010-2013) and were prospectively followed until Exam 6 (2016-2018). We used modified Poisson regression to examine the cross-sectional associations of N3 proportion and duration with prevalent diabetes and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate risk of diabetes according to N3 measures. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses (n = 2026, mean age: 69 years), diabetes prevalence was 28% (n = 572). Compared with the first quartile (Q1) of the N3 proportion (<2.0%), participants in Q4 (≥15.4%) were 29% (95% CI 0.58, 0.87) less likely to have prevalent diabetes (P trend = .0016). The association attenuated after adjustment for demographics, lifestyles, and sleep-related factors (P trend = .3322). In prospective analyses of 1251 participants and 129 incident cases over 6346 person-years of follow-up, a curvilinear relationship was observed between N3 proportion and incident diabetes risk. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) of developing diabetes vs Q1 was 0.47 (0.26, 0.87) for Q2, 0.34 (0.15, 0.77) for Q3, and 0.32 (0.10, 0.97) for Q4 (P nonlinearity = .0213). The results were similar for N3 duration. CONCLUSION Higher N3 proportion and longer N3 duration were prospectively associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk in a nonlinear fashion among older American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kianersi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Li Y, Que M, Wang X, Zhan G, Zhou Z, Luo X, Li S. Exploring Astrocyte-Mediated Mechanisms in Sleep Disorders and Comorbidity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2476. [PMID: 37760916 PMCID: PMC10525869 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are integral to sleep regulation. In the context of a healthy neural environment, these glial cells exert a profound influence on the sleep-wake cycle, modulating both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep phases. However, emerging literature underscores perturbations in astrocytic function as potential etiological factors in sleep disorders, either as protopathy or comorbidity. As known, sleep disorders significantly increase the risk of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, or psychiatric diseases. Meanwhile, sleep disorders are commonly screened as comorbidities in various neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and others. Building on existing research that examines the role of astrocytes in sleep disorders, this review aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which astrocytes influence sleep regulation and contribute to sleep disorders in the varied settings of brain diseases. The review emphasizes the significance of astrocyte-mediated mechanisms in sleep disorders and their associated comorbidities, highlighting the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mengxin Que
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Que M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan G, Luo X, Zhou Z. Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188306. [PMID: 37435045 PMCID: PMC10330732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in all studied animals with a nervous system. However, sleep deprivation leads to various pathological changes and neurobehavioral problems. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and are involved in various important functions, including neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, synaptic and neuronal modulation, and blood-brain barrier maintenance; furthermore, they are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, pain, and mood disorders. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly being recognized as vital contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, both locally and in specific neural circuits. In this review, we begin by describing the role of astrocytes in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, focusing on: (i) neuronal activity; (ii) metabolism; (iii) the glymphatic system; (iv) neuroinflammation; and (v) astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Moreover, we review the role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation comorbidities and sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Finally, we discuss potential interventions targeting astrocytes to prevent or treat sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Pursuing these questions would pave the way for a deeper understanding of the cellular and neural mechanisms underlying sleep deprivation-comorbid brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gerstner JR, Flores CC, Lefton M, Rogers B, Davis CJ. FABP7: a glial integrator of sleep, circadian rhythms, plasticity, and metabolic function. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1212213. [PMID: 37404868 PMCID: PMC10315501 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are observed broadly throughout animal phyla and influence neural plasticity and cognitive function. However, the few phylogenetically conserved cellular and molecular pathways that are implicated in these processes are largely focused on neuronal cells. Research on these topics has traditionally segregated sleep homeostatic behavior from circadian rest-activity rhythms. Here we posit an alternative perspective, whereby mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms that affect behavioral state, plasticity, and cognition reside within glial cells. The brain-type fatty acid binding protein, FABP7, is part of a larger family of lipid chaperone proteins that regulate the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids for a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, growth, survival, inflammation, and metabolism. FABP7 is enriched in glial cells of the central nervous system and has been shown to be a clock-controlled gene implicated in sleep/wake regulation and cognitive processing. FABP7 is known to affect gene transcription, cellular outgrowth, and its subcellular localization in the fine perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs) varies based on time-of-day. Future studies determining the effects of FABP7 on behavioral state- and circadian-dependent plasticity and cognitive processes, in addition to functional consequences on cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neural-glial interactions, lipid storage, and blood brain barrier integrity will be important for our knowledge of basic sleep function. Given the comorbidity of sleep disturbance with neurological disorders, these studies will also be important for our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of how these diseases affect or are affected by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Micah Lefton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Brooke Rogers
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Carvalhas-Almeida C, Serra J, Moita J, Cavadas C, Álvaro AR. Understanding neuron-glia crosstalk and biological clocks in insomnia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105100. [PMID: 36804265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about one-third of the population experiences insomnia symptoms, and about 10-15% suffer from chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleeping difficulties associated with insomnia are often linked to chronic sleep deprivation, which has a negative health impact partly due to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks. These are regulated by clock genes and modulate most biological processes. Most studies addressing circadian rhythm regulation have focused on the role of neurons, yet glial cells also impact circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Chronic insomnia and sleep loss have been associated with glial cell activation, exacerbated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity, accelerated age-related processes and decreased lifespan. It is, therefore, essential to highlight the importance of glia-neuron interplay on sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Hence, in this review, we aim to address the main neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, with an emphasis on microglia and astrocytes, in both healthy sleep, chronic sleep deprivation and chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Kondakova EV, Sarimov RM, Yarkov RS, Franceschi C, Vedunova MV. An emerging role of astrocytes in aging/neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis with consequences on sleep and sleep disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101775. [PMID: 36334910 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system has changed dramatically over the last decade. The accumulating findings indicate that glial cells are involved not only in the maintenance of metabolic and ionic homeostasis and in the implementation of trophic functions but also in cognitive functions and information processing in the brain. Currently, there are some controversies regarding the role of astrocytes in complex processes such as aging of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Many findings confirm the important functional role of astrocytes in age-related brain changes, including sleep disturbance and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Until recent years, neurobiological research has focused mainly on neuron-glial interactions, in which individual astrocytes locally modulate neuronal activity and communication between neurons. The review considers the role of astrocytes in the physiology of sleep and as an important "player" in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the features of the astrocytic network reorganization during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy E Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Ruslan M Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman S Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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Sahu M, Tripathi R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Cross talk mechanism of disturbed sleep patterns in neurological and psychological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104767. [PMID: 35811007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders continue to increase in the elderly populace, particularly those suffering from neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This not only affects the quality of life but also accelerates the progression of the disease. There are many reasons behind sleep disturbances in such patients, for instance, medication use, nocturia, obesity, environmental factors, nocturnal motor disturbances and depressive symptoms. This review focuses on the mechanism and effects of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Wherein we discuss disturbed circadian rhythm, signaling cascade and regulation of genes during sleep deprivation. Moreover, we explain the perturbation in brainwaves during disturbed sleep and the ocular perspective of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric manifestations in sleep disorders. Further, as the pharmacological approach is often futile and carries side effects, therefore, the non-pharmacological approach opens newer possibilities to treat these disorders and widens the landscape of treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India.
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
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Ingiosi AM, Frank MG. Noradrenergic Signaling in Astrocytes Influences Mammalian Sleep Homeostasis. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:332-345. [PMID: 35892990 PMCID: PMC9326550 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes influence sleep expression and regulation, but the cellular signaling pathways involved in these processes are poorly defined. We proposed that astrocytes detect and integrate a neuronal signal that accumulates during wakefulness, thereby leading to increased sleep drive. Noradrenaline (NA) satisfies several criteria for a waking signal integrated by astrocytes. We therefore investigated the role of NA signaling in astrocytes in mammalian sleep. We conditionally knocked out (cKO) β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) selectively in astrocytes in mice and recorded electroencephalographic and electromyographic activity under baseline conditions and in response to sleep deprivation (SDep). cKO of astroglial β2-ARs increased active phase siesta duration under baseline conditions and reduced homeostatic compensatory changes in sleep consolidation and non-rapid eye movement slow-wave activity (SWA) after SDep. Overall, astroglial NA β2-ARs influence mammalian sleep homeostasis in a manner consistent with our proposed model of neuronal-astroglial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Ingiosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
- Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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Needham H, Torpey G, Flores CC, Davis CJ, Vanderheyden WM, Gerstner JR. A Dichotomous Role for FABP7 in Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:798994. [PMID: 35844236 PMCID: PMC9280343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.798994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of intracellular lipid chaperone proteins known to play critical roles in the regulation of fatty acid uptake and transport as well as gene expression. Brain-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) is enriched in astrocytes and has been implicated in sleep/wake regulation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the precise mechanisms underlying the role of FABP7 in these biological processes remain unclear. FABP7 binds to both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), resulting in discrete physiological responses. Here, we propose a dichotomous role for FABP7 in which ligand type determines the subcellular translocation of fatty acids, either promoting wakefulness aligned with Alzheimer's pathogenesis or promoting sleep with concomitant activation of anti-inflammatory pathways and neuroprotection. We hypothesize that FABP7-mediated translocation of AA to the endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes increases astrogliosis, impedes glutamatergic uptake, and enhances wakefulness and inflammatory pathways via COX-2 dependent generation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Conversely, we propose that FABP7-mediated translocation of DHA to the nucleus stabilizes astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle dynamics, preserves glutamatergic uptake, and promotes sleep by activating anti-inflammatory pathways through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ transcriptional cascade. Importantly, this model generates several testable hypotheses applicable to other neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Needham
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Grace Torpey
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Anxiogenic Potential of Experimental Sleep Fragmentation Is Duration-Dependent and Mediated via Oxidative Stress State. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2262913. [PMID: 34471462 PMCID: PMC8405322 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2262913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep fragmentation is still a matter of debate. We hypothesized that the sleep fragmentation effects on anxiety are dependent on its duration and mediated by increased oxidative stress and alterations in the number of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus. Sleep was fragmented in rats by the treadmill method during a period of 14 days (SF group). Rats with undisturbed sleep in the treadmill (TC group) and those receiving equal amounts of treadmill belt motion (EC group) served as controls. To assess anxiety, we subjected rats to the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests on the 0, 7th, and 14th day. Upon the last test, brain structures were sampled for oxidative stress assessment and PV+ interneuron immunohistochemistry. The results of ethological tests of anxiety-linked behavior suggested duration-dependent anxiogenic potential of sleep fragmentation. Rats' anxiety-linked behavior upon sleep fragmentation significantly correlated with oxidative stress. The rats with fragmented sleep (SF) showed significantly higher oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, compared to controls (TC and EC), while the antioxidant enzymes' activity was significantly decreased. No significant differences were observed in hippocampal PV+ interneurons among these groups. Our results showed that duration of sleep fragmentation is a significant determinant of anxiety-linked behavior, and these effects are mediated through oxidative distress in the brain. Herein, it is revealed that the sleep fragmentation-oxidative stress-anxiety axis contributes to our better understanding of pathophysiological processes, occurring due to disrupted sleep patterns.
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12
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Price BR, Johnson LA, Norris CM. Reactive astrocytes: The nexus of pathological and clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101335. [PMID: 33812051 PMCID: PMC8168445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity is a hallmark of neuroinflammation that arises with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and nearly every other neurodegenerative condition. While astrocytes certainly contribute to classic inflammatory processes (e.g. cytokine release, waste clearance, and tissue repair), newly emerging technologies for measuring and targeting cell specific activities in the brain have uncovered essential roles for astrocytes in synapse function, brain metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and sleep/wake patterns. In this review, we use a holistic approach to incorporate, and expand upon, classic neuroinflammatory concepts to consider how astrocyte dysfunction/reactivity modulates multiple pathological and clinical hallmarks of AD. Our ever-evolving understanding of astrocyte signaling in neurodegeneration is not only revealing new drug targets and treatments for dementia but is suggesting we reimagine AD pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittani R Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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13
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Gobbo D, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. From Physiology to Pathology of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Oscillations: Astroglia as a Target for Further Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661408. [PMID: 34177766 PMCID: PMC8219957 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrographic hallmark of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and other idiopathic forms of epilepsy are 2.5-4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) originating from abnormal electrical oscillations of the cortico-thalamo-cortical network. SWDs are generally associated with sudden and brief non-convulsive epileptic events mostly generating impairment of consciousness and correlating with attention and learning as well as cognitive deficits. To date, SWDs are known to arise from locally restricted imbalances of excitation and inhibition in the deep layers of the primary somatosensory cortex. SWDs propagate to the mostly GABAergic nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) and the somatosensory thalamic nuclei that project back to the cortex, leading to the typical generalized spike and wave oscillations. Given their shared anatomical basis, SWDs have been originally considered the pathological transition of 11-16 Hz bursts of neural oscillatory activity (the so-called sleep spindles) occurring during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, but more recent research revealed fundamental functional differences between sleep spindles and SWDs, suggesting the latter could be more closely related to the slow (<1 Hz) oscillations alternating active (Up) and silent (Down) cortical activity and concomitantly occurring during NREM. Indeed, several lines of evidence support the fact that SWDs impair sleep architecture as well as sleep/wake cycles and sleep pressure, which, in turn, affect seizure circadian frequency and distribution. Given the accumulating evidence on the role of astroglia in the field of epilepsy in the modulation of excitation and inhibition in the brain as well as on the development of aberrant synchronous network activity, we aim at pointing at putative contributions of astrocytes to the physiology of slow-wave sleep and to the pathology of SWDs. Particularly, we will address the astroglial functions known to be involved in the control of network excitability and synchronicity and so far mainly addressed in the context of convulsive seizures, namely (i) interstitial fluid homeostasis, (ii) K+ clearance and neurotransmitter uptake from the extracellular space and the synaptic cleft, (iii) gap junction mechanical and functional coupling as well as hemichannel function, (iv) gliotransmission, (v) astroglial Ca2+ signaling and downstream effectors, (vi) reactive astrogliosis and cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gobbo
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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14
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Mitochondria in Myelinating Oligodendrocytes: Slow and Out of Breath? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060359. [PMID: 34198810 PMCID: PMC8226700 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich membrane that wraps around axons and facilitates rapid action potential propagation. In the brain, myelin is synthesized and maintained by oligodendrocytes. These cells have a high metabolic demand that requires mitochondrial ATP production during the process of myelination, but they rely less on mitochondrial respiration after myelination is complete. Mitochondria change in morphology and distribution during oligodendrocyte development. Furthermore, the morphology and dynamic properties of mitochondria in mature oligodendrocytes seem different from any other brain cell. Here, we first give a brief introduction to oligodendrocyte biology and function. We then review the current knowledge on oligodendrocyte metabolism and discuss how the available data on mitochondrial morphology and mobility as well as transcriptome and proteome studies can shed light on the metabolic properties of oligodendrocytes.
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15
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Okuda M, Noda A, Mabuchi S, Iwamoto K, Banno M, Miyata S, Yasuma F, Ozaki N. Sleep fragmentation and working memory in healthy adults. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:111-117. [PMID: 35082979 PMCID: PMC8764943 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep is essential for performing cognitive function in humans. We have hypothesized that sleep fragmentation compared to sleep efficiency may have a negative impact on the working memory. Material and Methods Twenty-eight healthy adults (18 males and 10 females; mean age 27.8±15.5 years) were enrolled in this study. We measured the total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, %stage wakefulness (W), %stage rapid eye movement (REM), %stage N1, %stage N2, %stage N3, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and arousal index using polysomnography. Working memory, executive function, and sustained attention of three domains of cognitive function were evaluated with the number of back task (N-back task), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and continuous performance test-identical pairs (CPT-IP), respectively. Results The percentage of correct answers on the 2-back task was significantly correlated with %stage REM, %stage N1, and %stage N2 (%stage REM: r=0.505, p=0.006; %stage N1: r=-0.637, p<0.001; %stage N2: r=0.670, p<0.001), and multiple regression analysis including the stepwise forward selection method revealed that %stage N2 was the most significant factor (%stage N2: β=0.670, p<0.001). The percentage of correct answers on the 2-back task was also significantly correlated with TST, sleep efficiency, WASO, and arousal index (TST: r=0.492, p=0.008; sleep efficiency: r=0.622, p<0.001; WASO: r=-0.721, p<0.001; arousal index: r=-0.656, p<0.001), and WASO was the significant factor (β=-2.086, p=0.007). The WCST category achievement and CPT-IP d-prime score were correlated with none of the sleep variables. Conclusion Increased WASO and a decrease in %stage N2 were associated with worse working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okuda
- Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences - Kasugai - Aichi - Japan
| | - Akiko Noda
- Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences - Kasugai - Aichi - Japan
| | - Sho Mabuchi
- Chubu University Collage of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences -Kasugai - Aichi- Japan
| | - Kunihiro Iwamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
| | - Masahiro Banno
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan.,Seichiryo Hospital, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi - Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuma
- National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine - Suzuka - Mie -Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry - Nagoya - Aichi -Japan
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16
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Petit JM, Eren-Koçak E, Karatas H, Magistretti P, Dalkara T. Brain glycogen metabolism: A possible link between sleep disturbances, headache and depression. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101449. [PMID: 33618186 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functions of sleep and its links with neuropsychiatric diseases have long been questioned. Among the numerous hypotheses on sleep function, early studies proposed that sleep helps to replenish glycogen stores consumed during waking. Later studies found increased brain glycogen after sleep deprivation, leading to "glycogenetic" hypothesis, which states that there is a parallel increase in synthesis and utilization of glycogen during wakefulness, whereas decrease in the excitatory transmission creates an imbalance causing accumulation of glycogen during sleep. Glycogen is a vital energy reservoir to match the synaptic demand particularly for re-uptake of potassium and glutamate during intense glutamatergic transmission. Therefore, sleep deprivation-induced transcriptional changes may trigger migraine by reducing glycogen availability, which slows clearance of extracellular potassium and glutamate, hence, creates susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization, the electrophysiological correlate of migraine aura. Interestingly, chronic stress accompanied by increased glucocorticoid levels and locus coeruleus activity and leading to mood disorders in which sleep disturbances are prevalent, also affects brain glycogen turnover via glucocorticoids, noradrenaline, serotonin and adenosine. These observations altogether suggest that inadequate astrocytic glycogen turnover may be one of the mechanisms linking migraine, mood disorders and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Petit
- Lausanne University Hospital, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Prilly, Switzerland.
| | - E Eren-Koçak
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - H Karatas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - P Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia.
| | - T Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Nagai J, Yu X, Papouin T, Cheong E, Freeman MR, Monk KR, Hastings MH, Haydon PG, Rowitch D, Shaham S, Khakh BS. Behaviorally consequential astrocytic regulation of neural circuits. Neuron 2020; 109:576-596. [PMID: 33385325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a large and diverse population of morphologically complex cells that exist throughout nervous systems of multiple species. Progress over the last two decades has shown that astrocytes mediate developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. However, a long-standing open question is how astrocytes regulate neural circuits in ways that are behaviorally consequential. In this regard, we summarize recent studies using Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, and Mus musculus. The data reveal diverse astrocyte mechanisms operating in seconds or much longer timescales within neural circuits and shaping multiple behavioral outputs. We also refer to human diseases that have a known primary astrocytic basis. We suggest that including astrocytes in mechanistic, theoretical, and computational studies of neural circuits provides new perspectives to understand behavior, its regulation, and its disease-related manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nagai
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xinzhu Yu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 514 Burrill Hall, 407 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8108, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Marc R Freeman
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kelly R Monk
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael H Hastings
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shai Shaham
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA.
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18
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Lyons LC, Chatterjee S, Vanrobaeys Y, Gaine ME, Abel T. Translational changes induced by acute sleep deprivation uncovered by TRAP-Seq. Mol Brain 2020; 13:165. [PMID: 33272296 PMCID: PMC7713217 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a global health problem adversely affecting health as well as causing decrements in learning and performance. Sleep deprivation induces significant changes in gene transcription in many brain regions, with the hippocampus particularly susceptible to acute sleep deprivation. However, less is known about the impacts of sleep deprivation on post-transcriptional gene regulation. To identify the effects of sleep deprivation on the translatome, we took advantage of the RiboTag mouse line to express HA-labeled Rpl22 in CaMKIIα neurons to selectively isolate and sequence mRNA transcripts associated with ribosomes in excitatory neurons. We found 198 differentially expressed genes in the ribosome-associated mRNA subset after sleep deprivation. In comparison with previously published data on gene expression in the hippocampus after sleep deprivation, we found that the subset of genes affected by sleep deprivation was considerably different in the translatome compared with the transcriptome, with only 49 genes regulated similarly. Interestingly, we found 478 genes differentially regulated by sleep deprivation in the transcriptome that were not significantly regulated in the translatome of excitatory neurons. Conversely, there were 149 genes differentially regulated by sleep deprivation in the translatome but not in the whole transcriptome. Pathway analysis revealed differences in the biological functions of genes exclusively regulated in the transcriptome or translatome, with protein deacetylase activity and small GTPase binding regulated in the transcriptome and unfolded protein binding, kinase inhibitor activity, neurotransmitter receptors and circadian rhythms regulated in the translatome. These results indicate that sleep deprivation induces significant changes affecting the pool of actively translated mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yann Vanrobaeys
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics (PSET), College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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19
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Kovalzon VM, Panchin YV. [D-lactate as a novel somnogenic factor?]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:22-25. [PMID: 33076641 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate an influence of intracerebral L-lactate concentration on sleep-wake cycle. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty adult male white rats preliminary implanted (under general anesthesia) with the electrodes for neocortical EEG and a single cannula to a lateral ventricle were used as subjects. A 5 µl bolus of either saline or a solution of sodium L- or D-lactate (0.1 mg, 0.2 M, Sigma-Aldrich) was injected through the cannula and followed by a 6-hr recording. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Administration of L-lactate does not influence sleep-wake cycle of experimental animals. At the same time, its artificial optical analog D-lactate induces the significant (as compared to the control) decrease in wake (34.8% to 26.5%) and increase in slow wave sleep (57.4% to 69.2%). It has been suggested that D-lactate may be the antagonist of one or several L-lactate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kovalzon
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Kharkhevich Institute of Information Transmission of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu V Panchin
- Kharkhevich Institute of Information Transmission of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Belozerskiy Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Carroll CM, Macauley SL. The Interaction Between Sleep and Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Cause or Consequence of Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:258. [PMID: 31616284 PMCID: PMC6764218 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects over 45 million people worldwide. Both type-2-diabetes (T2D), a metabolic condition associated with aging, and disrupted sleep are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, but how sleep and metabolism interact to affect AD progression remains unclear. In the healthy brain, sleep/wake cycles are a well-coordinated interaction between metabolic and neuronal activity, but when disrupted, are associated with a myriad of health-related issues, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, T2D, and AD. Therefore, this review will explore our current understanding of the relationship between metabolism, sleep, and AD-related pathology to identify the causes and consequences of disease progression in AD. Moreover, sleep disturbances and metabolic dysfunction could serve as potential therapeutic targets to mitigate the increased risk of AD in individuals with T2D or offer a novel approach for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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21
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Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep-Wake Disturbances: Amyloid, Astrocytes, and Animal Models. J Neurosci 2019; 38:2901-2910. [PMID: 29563238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1135-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake abnormalities are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can be a major reason for institutionalization. However, an emerging concept is that these sleep-wake disturbances are part of the causal pathway accelerating the neurodegenerative process. Recently, new findings have provided intriguing evidence for a positive feedback loop between sleep-wake dysfunction and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies in both humans and animal models have shown that extended periods of wakefulness increase Aβ levels and aggregation, and accumulation of Aβ causes fragmentation of sleep. This perspective is aimed at presenting evidence supporting causal links between sleep-wake dysfunction and aggregation of Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease, and explores the role of astrocytes, a specialized type of glial cell, in this context underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology. The utility of current animal models and the unexplored potential of alternative animal models for testing mechanisms involved in the reciprocal relationship between sleep disruption and Aβ are also discussed.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Microglia-Mediated Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease by Lawrence Rajendran and Rosa Paolicelli.
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22
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He S, Zhang X, Qu S. Glutamate, Glutamate Transporters, and Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:175-181. [PMID: 30485059 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, a primary excitatory neurotransmitter and an important intermediate in the cellular metabolism of the brain, has a widespread influence in the sleep-wake regulatory system. Glutamate transporters, including vesicular glutamate transporters and excitatory amino acid transporters, serve as the main force controlling the extracellular concentration of glutamate in the brain. These are likely to be critical tools needed for the brain to modulate the sleep-wake cycle and are likely innervated by the circadian rhythm system in a day-night variant pattern. Because in the initial stages, nearly all patients with neurodegenerative diseases have rhythmic sleep disorders that become aggravated with disease development and often exhibit glutamate uptake dysfunction, we examined whether the above glutamate transporters could be used as potential targets to help address circadian rhythm sleep disorders in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this review, we sought to analyze the principles governing glutamate transmission and discuss whether the circadian rhythm regulatory properties of these processes endow glutamate transporters with unique functions in the sleep-wake shift of the brain. We attempt to provide a theoretical framework in this field for future studies, to help in the exploration of potential therapeutic targets to delay or prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suifen He
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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23
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Abstract
The cellular mechanisms governing the expression, regulation, and function of sleep are not entirely understood. The traditional view is that these mechanisms are neuronal. An alternative view is that glial brain cells may play important roles in these processes. Their ubiquity in the central nervous system makes them well positioned to modulate neuronal circuits that gate sleep and wake. Their ability to respond to chemical neuronal signals suggests that they form feedback loops with neurons that may globally regulate neuronal activity. Their potential role in detoxifying the brain, regulating neuronal metabolism, and promoting synaptic plasticity raises the intriguing possibility that glia mediate important functions ascribed to sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA.
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24
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Margineanu MB, Mahmood H, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ. L-Lactate Regulates the Expression of Synaptic Plasticity and Neuroprotection Genes in Cortical Neurons: A Transcriptome Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:375. [PMID: 30364173 PMCID: PMC6191511 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a product of aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes, is required for memory formation and consolidation, and has recently emerged as a signaling molecule for neurons and various cell types in peripheral tissues. In particular lactate stimulates mRNA expression of a few plasticity-related genes. Here, we describe a RNA-seq study that unravels genome-wide transcriptomic responses to this energy metabolite in cortical neurons. Our results show that mRNA expression of 20 immediate-early genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and in synaptic plasticity were increased by more than twofold following 1 h of lactate stimulation. This effect was dependent on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity since it was prevented by pre-treatment with MK-801. Comparison with published datasets showed that a significant proportion of genes modulated by lactate were similarly regulated by a stimulation protocol activating specifically synaptic NMDARs known to result in upregulation of pro-survival and downregulation of pro-death genes. Remarkably, transcriptional responses to lactate were reproduced by NADH (for 74 of the 113 genes, FDR < 0.05), suggesting a redox-dependent mechanism of action. Longer-term gene expression changes observed after 6 h of lactate treatment affected genes involved in regulating neuronal excitability and genes coding for proteins localized at synapses. Gene set enrichment analyses performed with ranked lists of expressed genes revealed effects on molecular functions involved in epigenetic modulation, and on processes relevant to sleep physiology and behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety and hyperactivity. Overall, these results strengthen the notion that lactate effectively regulates activity-dependent and synaptic genes, and highlight new signaling effects of lactate in plasticity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Margineanu
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mahmood
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Duka T, Collins Z, Anderson SM, Raghanti MA, Ely JJ, Hof PR, Wildman DE, Goodman M, Grossman LI, Sherwood CC. Divergent lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile in cellular compartments of primate forebrain structures. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:137-142. [PMID: 28461219 PMCID: PMC5531073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The compartmentalization and association of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with specific cellular structures (e.g., synaptosomal, sarcoplasmic or mitochondrial) may play an important role in brain energy metabolism. Our previous research revealed that LDH in the synaptosomal fraction shifts toward the aerobic isoforms (LDH-B) among the large-brained haplorhine primates compared to strepsirrhines. Here, we further analyzed the subcellular localization of LDH in primate forebrain structures using quantitative Western blotting and ELISA. We show that, in cytosolic and mitochondrial subfractions, LDH-B expression level was relatively elevated and LDH-A declined in haplorhines compared to strepsirrhines. LDH-B expression in mitochondrial fractions of the neocortex was preferentially increased, showing a particularly significant rise in the ratio of LDH-B to LDH-A in chimpanzees and humans. We also found a significant correlation between the protein levels of LDH-B in mitochondrial fractions from haplorhine neocortex and the synaptosomal LDH-B that suggests LDH isoforms shift from a predominance of A-subunits toward B-subunits as part of a system that spatially buffers dynamic energy requirements of brain cells. Our results indicate that there is differential subcellular compartmentalization of LDH isoenzymes that evolved among different primate lineages to meet the energy requirements in neocortical and striatal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Duka
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Zachary Collins
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sarah M Anderson
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Morris Goodman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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26
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Haydon PG. Astrocytes and the modulation of sleep. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:28-33. [PMID: 28284099 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are being identified as having multiple roles in sleep. Initially they were shown to modulate the process of sleep homeostasis through the release of adenosine which acts on adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) to promote sleep drive. More recent studies indicate that the astrocyte also plays pivotal, sleep-dependent roles in 'cleaning the brain' during sleep. This work indicates that a glymphatic pathway that critically relies on astrocytic aquaporin 4, is able to flush solutes from the brain and that deficits in this pathway may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Finally, astrocytes are known to play important metabolic roles and provide energy on demand to neurons through an astrocyte-neuron shuttle. Given that the time course of astrocytic function is orders of magnitude slower than that of the neuron, this non-neuronal cell is perfectly tuned to modulating slow, state-dependent changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
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27
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Ruchti E, Roach P, DePaoli-Roach A, Magistretti P, Allaman I. Protein targeting to glycogen is a master regulator of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes. IBRO Rep 2016; 1:46-53. [PMID: 30135927 PMCID: PMC6084890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The storage and use of glycogen, the main energy reserve in the brain, is a metabolic feature of astrocytes. Glycogen synthesis is regulated by Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTG), a member of specific glycogen-binding subunits of protein phosphatase-1 (PPP1). It positively regulates glycogen synthesis through de-phosphorylation of both glycogen synthase (activation) and glycogen phosphorylase (inactivation). In cultured astrocytes, PTG mRNA levels were previously shown to be enhanced by the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. To achieve further insight into the role of PTG in the regulation of astrocytic glycogen, its levels of expression were manipulated in primary cultures of mouse cortical astrocytes using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of tagged-PTG or siRNA to downregulate its expression. Infection of astrocytes with adenovirus led to a strong increase in PTG expression and was associated with massive glycogen accumulation (>100 fold), demonstrating that increased PTG expression is sufficient to induce glycogen synthesis and accumulation. In contrast, siRNA-mediated downregulation of PTG resulted in a 2-fold decrease in glycogen levels. Interestingly, PTG downregulation strongly impaired long-term astrocytic glycogen synthesis induced by insulin or noradrenaline. Finally, these effects of PTG downregulation on glycogen metabolism could also be observed in cultured astrocytes isolated from PTG-KO mice. Collectively, these observations point to a major role of PTG in the regulation of glycogen synthesis in astrocytes and indicate that conditions leading to changes in PTG expression will directly impact glycogen levels in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ruchti
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P.J. Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - A.A. DePaoli-Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - P.J. Magistretti
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, CHUV, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - I. Allaman
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Baud MO, Parafita J, Nguyen A, Magistretti PJ, Petit JM. Sleep fragmentation alters brain energy metabolism without modifying hippocampal electrophysiological response to novelty exposure. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:583-590. [PMID: 27136914 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is viewed as a fundamental restorative function of the brain, but its specific role in neural energy budget remains poorly understood. Sleep deprivation dampens brain energy metabolism and impairs cognitive functions. Intriguingly, sleep fragmentation, despite normal total sleep duration, has a similar cognitive impact, and in this paper we ask the question of whether it may also impair brain energy metabolism. To this end, we used a recently developed mouse model of 2 weeks of sleep fragmentation and measured 2-deoxy-glucose uptake and glycogen, glucose and lactate concentration in different brain regions. In order to homogenize mice behaviour during metabolic measurements, we exposed them to a novel environment for 1 h. Using an intra-hippocampal electrode, we first showed that hippocampal electroencephalograph (EEG) response to exploration was unaltered by 1 or 14 days of sleep fragmentation. However, after 14 days, sleep fragmented mice exhibited a lower uptake of 2-deoxy-glucose in cortex and hippocampus and lower cortical lactate levels than control mice. Our results suggest that long-term sleep fragmentation impaired brain metabolism to a similar extent as total sleep deprivation without affecting the neuronal responsiveness of hippocampus to a novel environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime O Baud
- LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Parafita
- LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Nguyen
- LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Petit
- LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Prilly, Switzerland.
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29
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Petit JM, Magistretti P. Regulation of neuron–astrocyte metabolic coupling across the sleep–wake cycle. Neuroscience 2016; 323:135-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Astroglial glutamate transporters coordinate excitatory signaling and brain energetics. Neurochem Int 2016; 98:56-71. [PMID: 27013346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, a family of sodium-dependent transporters maintains low extracellular glutamate and shapes excitatory signaling. The bulk of this activity is mediated by the astroglial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1). In this review, we will discuss evidence that these transporters co-localize with, form physical (co-immunoprecipitable) interactions with, and functionally couple to various 'energy-generating' systems, including the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, glycogen metabolizing enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and mitochondria/mitochondrial proteins. This functional coupling is bi-directional with many of these systems both being regulated by glutamate transport and providing the 'fuel' to support glutamate uptake. Given the importance of glutamate uptake to maintaining synaptic signaling and preventing excitotoxicity, it should not be surprising that some of these systems appear to 'redundantly' support the energetic costs of glutamate uptake. Although the glutamate-glutamine cycle contributes to recycling of neurotransmitter pools of glutamate, this is an over-simplification. The ramifications of co-compartmentalization of glutamate transporters with mitochondria for glutamate metabolism are discussed. Energy consumption in the brain accounts for ∼20% of the basal metabolic rate and relies almost exclusively on glucose for the production of ATP. However, the brain does not possess substantial reserves of glucose or other fuels. To ensure adequate energetic supply, increases in neuronal activity are matched by increases in cerebral blood flow via a process known as 'neurovascular coupling'. While the mechanisms for this coupling are not completely resolved, it is generally agreed that astrocytes, with processes that extend to synapses and endfeet that surround blood vessels, mediate at least some of the signal that causes vasodilation. Several studies have shown that either genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of glutamate transport impairs neurovascular coupling. Together these studies strongly suggest that glutamate transport not only coordinates excitatory signaling, but also plays a pivotal role in regulating brain energetics.
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31
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Abstract
Cortical electroencephalographic activity arises from corticothalamocortical interactions, modulated by wake-promoting monoaminergic and cholinergic input. These wake-promoting systems are regulated by hypothalamic hypocretin/orexins, while GABAergic sleep-promoting nuclei are found in the preoptic area, brainstem and lateral hypothalamus. Although pontine acetylcholine is critical for REM sleep, hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone/GABAergic cells may "gate" REM sleep. Daily sleep-wake rhythms arise from interactions between a hypothalamic circadian pacemaker and a sleep homeostat whose anatomical locus has yet to be conclusively defined. Control of sleep and wakefulness involves multiple systems, each of which presents vulnerability to sleep/wake dysfunction that may predispose to physical and/or neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Schwartz
- Biosciences Division, Center for Neuroscience, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas S Kilduff
- Biosciences Division, Center for Neuroscience, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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32
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Bellesi M, de Vivo L, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Effects of sleep and wake on astrocytes: clues from molecular and ultrastructural studies. BMC Biol 2015; 13:66. [PMID: 26303010 PMCID: PMC4548305 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes can mediate neurovascular coupling, modulate neuronal excitability, and promote synaptic maturation and remodeling. All these functions are likely to be modulated by the sleep/wake cycle, because brain metabolism, neuronal activity and synaptic turnover change as a function of behavioral state. Yet, little is known about the effects of sleep and wake on astrocytes. Results Here we show that sleep and wake strongly affect both astrocytic gene expression and ultrastructure in the mouse brain. Using translating ribosome affinity purification technology and microarrays, we find that 1.4 % of all astrocytic transcripts in the forebrain are dependent on state (three groups, sleep, wake, short sleep deprivation; six mice per group). Sleep upregulates a few select genes, like Cirp and Uba1, whereas wake upregulates many genes related to metabolism, the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, including Trio, Synj2 and Gem, which are involved in the elongation of peripheral astrocytic processes. Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (three groups, sleep, short sleep deprivation, chronic sleep restriction; three mice per group, >100 spines per mouse, 3D), we find that a few hours of wake are sufficient to bring astrocytic processes closer to the synaptic cleft, while chronic sleep restriction also extends the overall astrocytic coverage of the synapse, including at the axon–spine interface, and increases the available astrocytic surface in the neuropil. Conclusions Wake-related changes likely reflect an increased need for glutamate clearance, and are consistent with an overall increase in synaptic strength when sleep is prevented. The reduced astrocytic coverage during sleep, instead, may favor glutamate spillover, thus promoting neuronal synchronization during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0176-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellesi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
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33
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Baud MO, Magistretti PJ, Petit JM. Sustained sleep fragmentation induces sleep homeostasis in mice. Sleep 2015; 38:567-79. [PMID: 25325477 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep fragmentation (SF) is an integral feature of sleep apnea and other prevalent sleep disorders. Although the effect of repetitive arousals on cognitive performance is well documented, the effects of long-term SF on electroencephalography (EEG) and molecular markers of sleep homeostasis remain poorly investigated. To address this question, we developed a mouse model of chronic SF and characterized its effect on EEG spectral frequencies and the expression of genes previously linked to sleep homeostasis including clock genes, heat shock proteins, and plasticity-related genes. DESIGN N/A. SETTING Animal sleep research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-six C57BL6/J adult mice. INTERVENTIONS Instrumental sleep disruption at a rate of 60/h during 14 days. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Locomotor activity and EEG were recorded during 14 days of SF followed by recovery for 2 days. Despite a dramatic number of arousals and decreased sleep bout duration, SF minimally reduced total quantity of sleep and did not significantly alter its circadian distribution. Spectral analysis during SF revealed a homeostatic drive for slow wave activity (SWA; 1-4 Hz) and other frequencies as well (4-40 Hz). Recordings during recovery revealed slow wave sleep consolidation and a transient rebound in SWA, and paradoxical sleep duration. The expression of selected genes was not induced following chronic SF. CONCLUSIONS Chronic SF increased sleep pressure confirming that altered quality with preserved quantity triggers core sleep homeostasis mechanisms. However, it did not induce the expression of genes induced by sleep loss, suggesting that these molecular pathways are not sustainably activated in chronic diseases involving SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime O Baud
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetic and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetic and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, KSA.,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Petit
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetic and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
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34
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Petit JM, Burlet-Godinot S, Magistretti PJ, Allaman I. Glycogen metabolism and the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:263-79. [PMID: 25399336 PMCID: PMC4544655 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In 1995 Benington and Heller formulated an energy hypothesis of sleep centered on a key role of glycogen. It was postulated that a major function of sleep is to replenish glycogen stores in the brain that have been depleted during wakefulness which is associated to an increased energy demand. Astrocytic glycogen depletion participates to an increase of extracellular adenosine release which influences sleep homeostasis. Here, we will review some evidence obtained by studies addressing the question of a key role played by glycogen metabolism in sleep regulation as proposed by this hypothesis or by an alternative hypothesis named "glycogenetic" hypothesis as well as the importance of the confounding effect of glucocorticoïds. Even though actual collected data argue in favor of a role of sleep in brain energy balance-homeostasis, they do not support a critical and direct involvement of glycogen metabolism on sleep regulation. For instance, glycogen levels during the sleep-wake cycle are driven by different physiological signals and therefore appear more as a marker-integrator of brain energy status than a direct regulator of sleep homeostasis. In support of this we provide evidence that blockade of glycogen mobilization does not induce more sleep episodes during the active period while locomotor activity is reduced. These observations do not invalidate the energy hypothesis of sleep but indicate that underlying cellular mechanisms are more complex than postulated by Benington and Heller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Petit
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland,
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35
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The energy allocation function of sleep: A unifying theory of sleep, torpor, and continuous wakefulness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:122-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Rachalski A, Freyburger M, Mongrain V. Contribution of transcriptional and translational mechanisms to the recovery aspect of sleep regulation. Ann Med 2014; 46:62-72. [PMID: 24428734 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.866439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep parallels brain functioning and mental health. Neuronal activity during wakefulness leads to a subsequent increase in sleep intensity as measured using electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (SWA; index of neuronal synchrony in the low-frequency range). Wakefulness, and particularly prolonged wakefulness, also drives important changes in brain gene expression and changes in protein regulation. The role of these two cellular mechanisms in sleep-wake regulation has typically been studied independently, and their exact contribution to SWA remains poorly defined. In this review, we highlight that many transcriptional pathways driven by sleep deprivation are associated to protein regulation. We first describe the relationship between cytokines, clock genes, and markers of sleep need with an emphasis on transcriptional processes. Observations regarding the role of protein metabolism in sleep-wake regulation are then depicted while presenting interconnections between transcriptional and translational responses driven by sleep loss. Lastly, a manner by which this integrated response can feed back on neuronal network activity to determine sleep intensity is proposed. Overall, the literature supports that a complex cross-talk between transcriptional and translational regulation during prolonged wakefulness drives the changes in sleep intensity as a function of the sleep/wake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Rachalski
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada
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37
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Watson AJ, Frank MG. Astrocytes do the "shuttle". Sleep 2013; 36:1413-4. [PMID: 24082297 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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