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Goueslard K, Jollant F, Petit JM, Quantin C. Self-harm hospitalization following bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:238-245. [PMID: 34915275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While bariatric surgery has demonstrated physical and psychological benefits, a risk of suicide and non-fatal self-harm has also been shown. The aim of this study was to compared the rate of hospitalization for self-harm during a three-year observational follow-up period between adolescents/young adults who underwent bariatric surgery in France in 2013-2014 and two control groups. METHODS All individuals aged 12-25 years old who underwent bariatric surgery in France between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2014, were identified with a validated algorithm from the French national hospital database, and compared to a healthy sample of the general population matched for age and gender. Information relative to hospitalizations, including for self-harm (ICD-10 codes X60-84), were extracted i) between 2008 and the surgery, and ii) for a three-year follow-up period. A second unmatched control group with obesity but no bariatric surgery was also identified. Survival analyses with adjustments for confounding variables were used. RESULTS In 2013-2014, 1984 youths had bariatric surgery in France. During follow-up, 1.5% were hospitalized for self-harm vs. 0.3% for controls (p < 0.0001). After adjustment, subsequent hospitalization for self-harm was associated with bariatric surgery (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.70-7.81), prior psychiatric disorders (HR 7.76, 95% CI 3.76-16.01), and prior self-harm (HR 4.43, 95% CI 1.75-11.24). When compared to non-operated youths with obesity, bariatric surgery was not associated with self-harm while prior mental disorders and self-harm were. Mortality reached 0.3% after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of self-harm, mainly in relation to preexisting psychological conditions. Vigilance and appropriate care are thus warranted in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goueslard
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - F Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France; University of Paris, Faculty of Health, Medicine School, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, CMME, Paris, France; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J M Petit
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France; Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHRU Dijon, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - C Quantin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, Dijon, France; Inserm, CIC 1432, Dijon, France; Dijon University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology/ Clinical Trials Unit, Dijon, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, High-Dimensional Biostatistics for Drug Safety and Genomics, CESP, Villejuif, France.
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Petit JM, Eren-Koçak E, Karatas H, Magistretti P, Dalkara T. Brain glycogen metabolism: A possible link between sleep disturbances, headache and depression. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101449. [PMID: 33618186 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functions of sleep and its links with neuropsychiatric diseases have long been questioned. Among the numerous hypotheses on sleep function, early studies proposed that sleep helps to replenish glycogen stores consumed during waking. Later studies found increased brain glycogen after sleep deprivation, leading to "glycogenetic" hypothesis, which states that there is a parallel increase in synthesis and utilization of glycogen during wakefulness, whereas decrease in the excitatory transmission creates an imbalance causing accumulation of glycogen during sleep. Glycogen is a vital energy reservoir to match the synaptic demand particularly for re-uptake of potassium and glutamate during intense glutamatergic transmission. Therefore, sleep deprivation-induced transcriptional changes may trigger migraine by reducing glycogen availability, which slows clearance of extracellular potassium and glutamate, hence, creates susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization, the electrophysiological correlate of migraine aura. Interestingly, chronic stress accompanied by increased glucocorticoid levels and locus coeruleus activity and leading to mood disorders in which sleep disturbances are prevalent, also affects brain glycogen turnover via glucocorticoids, noradrenaline, serotonin and adenosine. These observations altogether suggest that inadequate astrocytic glycogen turnover may be one of the mechanisms linking migraine, mood disorders and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Petit
- Lausanne University Hospital, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Prilly, Switzerland.
| | - E Eren-Koçak
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - H Karatas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - P Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia.
| | - T Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Bouillet B, Crevisy E, Baillot-Rudoni S, Gallegarine D, Jouan T, Duffourd Y, Petit JM, Vergès B, Callier P. Whole-exome sequencing identifies the first French MODY 6 family with a new mutation in the NEUROD1 gene. Diabetes Metab 2020; 46:400-402. [PMID: 32184107 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to identify the affected gene in a French family with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) using whole-exome sequencing (WES). METHODS WES was performed in one patient with MODY, and candidate variants were confirmed in members of the immediate family by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In the proband, a new heterozygous missense mutation (c.340A>C) was identified in the NEUROD1 gene by WES analysis and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Additional Sanger sequencing of the proband's sister and mother revealed the same heterozygous mutation. The proband and his sister displayed typical clinical characteristics of MODY, while their mother had the same typical MODY features except for later onset. When clinical and biological profiles were established for all three patients, the severity of diabetes-related complications varied substantially from one family member to another. CONCLUSION A novel missense mutation found in NEUROD1 was associated with MODY 6 features in a single French family.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouillet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, hôpital François Mitterrand, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
| | - E Crevisy
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, hôpital François Mitterrand, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - S Baillot-Rudoni
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, hôpital François Mitterrand, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - D Gallegarine
- Genetics Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - T Jouan
- Genetics Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Y Duffourd
- Genetics Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - J M Petit
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, hôpital François Mitterrand, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, hôpital François Mitterrand, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - P Callier
- Genetics Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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Abstract
Thyroiditis is a frequent and mostly benign disease that can sometimes disrupt the thyroid balance. Their diagnosis, as well as their aetiology, is a necessary step in the management of the patients. Painful thyroiditis includes acute thyroiditis of infectious origin and subacute thyroiditis. The first one can be treated by antibiotics or antifungals depending on the germ found. The second one will be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. In cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with overt hypothyroidism, replacement therapy with L-thyroxine will be adapted to the TSH level. As amiodarone treatment provides dysthyroidism, the thyroid status should be monitored regularly. Hypothyroidism will be treated using thyroid replacement therapy. Hyperthyroidism imposes a stop of amiodarone when it is possible. Treatment with synthetic antithyroid drugs (propyl-thio-uracil) or corticosteroids could be used whether there is an underlying thyroid disease or not. Immunotherapies with anti-PD-1/PDL1 or anti-CTLA-4 can also provide dysthyroidism. A monitoring of the thyroid assessment needs to be done in these patients, even if there are no clinical signs, which are not very specific in this context. The treatment of hypothyroidism will be based on thyroid replacement therapy according to the TSH level and the presence or absence of anti-TPO antibodies. Treatment of symptomatic hyperthyroidism may involve a prescription of beta-blockers, or synthetic antithyroid drugs in case of positive anti-TSH receptor antibodies. In all cases, it is desirable to contact an endocrinologist to confirm the diagnosis hypothesis and to decide on a suitable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rouland
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - P Buffier
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - B Bouillet
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, 2, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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5
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Spencer JR, Stern SA, Moore JM, Weaver HA, Singer KN, Olkin CB, Verbiscer AJ, McKinnon WB, Parker JW, Beyer RA, Keane JT, Lauer TR, Porter SB, White OL, Buratti BJ, El-Maarry MR, Lisse CM, Parker AH, Throop HB, Robbins SJ, Umurhan OM, Binzel RP, Britt DT, Buie MW, Cheng AF, Cruikshank DP, Elliott HA, Gladstone GR, Grundy WM, Hill ME, Horanyi M, Jennings DE, Kavelaars JJ, Linscott IR, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Protopapa S, Reuter DC, Schenk PM, Showalter MR, Young LA, Zangari AM, Abedin AY, Beddingfield CB, Benecchi SD, Bernardoni E, Bierson CJ, Borncamp D, Bray VJ, Chaikin AL, Dhingra RD, Fuentes C, Fuse T, Gay PL, Gwyn SDJ, Hamilton DP, Hofgartner JD, Holman MJ, Howard AD, Howett CJA, Karoji H, Kaufmann DE, Kinczyk M, May BH, Mountain M, Pätzold M, Petit JM, Piquette MR, Reid IN, Reitsema HJ, Runyon KD, Sheppard SS, Stansberry JA, Stryk T, Tanga P, Tholen DJ, Trilling DE, Wasserman LH. The geology and geophysics of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth. Science 2020; 367:science.aay3999. [PMID: 32054694 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Cold Classical Kuiper Belt, a class of small bodies in undisturbed orbits beyond Neptune, is composed of primitive objects preserving information about Solar System formation. In January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew past one of these objects, the 36-kilometer-long contact binary (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU69). Images from the flyby show that Arrokoth has no detectable rings, and no satellites (larger than 180 meters in diameter) within a radius of 8000 kilometers. Arrokoth has a lightly cratered, smooth surface with complex geological features, unlike those on previously visited Solar System bodies. The density of impact craters indicates the surface dates from the formation of the Solar System. The two lobes of the contact binary have closely aligned poles and equators, constraining their accretion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
| | - S A Stern
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - J M Moore
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - H A Weaver
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - K N Singer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - C B Olkin
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - A J Verbiscer
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - W B McKinnon
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - J Wm Parker
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - R A Beyer
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - J T Keane
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - T R Lauer
- National Science Foundation's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA
| | - S B Porter
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - O L White
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - B J Buratti
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M R El-Maarry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.,University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - C M Lisse
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - A H Parker
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - H B Throop
- Independent Consultant, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - S J Robbins
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - O M Umurhan
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - R P Binzel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D T Britt
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - M W Buie
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - A F Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - D P Cruikshank
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
| | - H A Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - G R Gladstone
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - W M Grundy
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.,Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - M E Hill
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - M Horanyi
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - D E Jennings
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - J J Kavelaars
- National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
| | - I R Linscott
- Independent Consultant, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - D J McComas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - R L McNutt
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - S Protopapa
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - D C Reuter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - P M Schenk
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | - L A Young
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - A M Zangari
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - A Y Abedin
- National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
| | | | - S D Benecchi
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - E Bernardoni
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - C J Bierson
- Earth and Planetary Science Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - D Borncamp
- Decipher Technology Studios, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - V J Bray
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - A L Chaikin
- Independent Science Writer, Arlington, VT 05250, USA
| | | | - C Fuentes
- Universidad de Chile, Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Fuse
- Kashima Space Technology Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-8501, Japan
| | - P L Gay
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - S D J Gwyn
- National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
| | - D P Hamilton
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J D Hofgartner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M J Holman
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A D Howard
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - C J A Howett
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - H Karoji
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D E Kaufmann
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - M Kinczyk
- Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - B H May
- Independent Collaborator, Windlesham GU20 6YW, UK
| | - M Mountain
- Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - M Pätzold
- Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - J M Petit
- Institut Univers, Temps-fréquence, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Bourgogne Franche Comte, F-25000 Besancon, France
| | - M R Piquette
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - I N Reid
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - K D Runyon
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - S S Sheppard
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - J A Stansberry
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - T Stryk
- Roane State Community College, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - P Tanga
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange/ Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7293, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - D J Tholen
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - D E Trilling
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Rouland A, Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Sberna AL, Crevisy E, Buffier P, Mouillot T, Petit JM, Vergès B. Personality types in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:EC-19-0499.R2. [PMID: 32101526 PMCID: PMC7077523 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Type A personality, characterized by impatience, strong career ambition and competitiveness, is associated with greater sensitivity to external stress. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease, which is potentially influenced by stress, unlike type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to assess whether individuals with T1D and T2D exhibited significant differences on the Type A personality scale. We also assessed the personality in patients with thyroid auto-immune diseases to validate potential links between auto-immune disease and Type A. DESIGN AND METHODS The Bortner questionnaire was used to assess Type A personality in 188 patients with T1D, 430 patients with T2D and 85 patients with auto-immune thyroid disease (Graves' disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis). RESULTS Type A Bortner scores were significantly higher in T1D patients than in T2D patients (188±34 vs 177±36, p<0.0001). Patients with auto-immune thyroid diseases and T1D patients had similar Type A Bortner scores (189±33 vs 188±34, p=0.860). CONCLUSION Patients with auto-immune T1D have higher Type A scores than T2D patients. Furthermore, patients with auto-immune thyroid disease also have elevated Type A scores similar to those observed in type 1 diabetes, suggesting that an elevated Type A score in T1D is potentially related to its autoimmune origin. This suggests a possible link between Type A personality and auto-immune diseases via stress-triggering psychobiological pathways. The different personality score between T1D and T2D is an important factor to consider that could influence the diabetes self-care coping strategies and long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rouland
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - J-C Chauvet-Gelinier
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - A-L Sberna
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - E Crevisy
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - P Buffier
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - T Mouillot
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Endocrinology Diabetics and Metabolic Disorders Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Bouillet B, Rouland A, Petit JM, Vergès B. A low-carbohydrate high-fat diet initiated promptly after diagnosis provides clinical remission in three patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2019; 46:511-513. [PMID: 31301353 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bouillet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
| | - A Rouland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - J M Petit
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, France; Inserm Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Bouillet B, Gautier T, Terriat B, Lagrost L, Verges B, Petit JM. CETP activity is not associated with carotid intima-media thickness in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:749-754. [PMID: 30980187 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The impact of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on atherosclerotic development in humans remains unclear. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer was shown to be associated with carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with adequate metabolic control. Since glycation of CETP may influence cholesteryl ester transfer processes, it is important to determine if plasma cholesteryl ester transfer is still a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CETP activity influences carotid IMT in T2D patients with poor metabolic control. METHODS In 110 individuals with T2D, we measured CETP mass concentration with ELISA, CETP activity with a radioactivity method and carotid intima-media thickness with high-resolution real-time B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS The mean HbA1C was 8.8 ± 1.7%. Carotid IMT did not correlate with CETP activity in the total population. In T2D patients with HbA1C < 8% (n = 33), mean HbA1C was 6.9% and the correlation between carotid IMT and CETP activity was not significant (p = 0.09). In a multivariable analysis that included the total population, carotid intima-media thickness was positively associated with diabetes duration (p = 0.02) but not with CETP activity or HbA1C. CONCLUSIONS We observed no correlation between carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of early atherosclerosis, and CETP activity in T2D patients with poor metabolic control. Disease duration, which reflects accumulated metabolic abnormalities, may have blunted the potential effect of CETP on atherosclerosis. Metabolic control appears essential to determine the pro- or anti-atherogenic influence of CETP in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bouillet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
| | - T Gautier
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Terriat
- Angiology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - L Lagrost
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Verges
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - J M Petit
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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9
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Rouland A, Fourmont C, Sberna AL, Aho Glele LS, Mouillot T, Simoneau I, Vergès B, Petit JM, Bouillet B. Malnutrition in type 2 diabetic patients does not affect healing of foot ulcers. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:171-176. [PMID: 30284047 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Protein-energy malnutrition is known to be involved in wound healing. While wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is a complex and multifactorial process, the role of malnutrition in this case has rarely been explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether the nutritional status of diabetic patients influences the healing of DFU. METHODS 48 patients were included in this prospective, single-center study. All patients with comorbidities or factors involving malnutrition or influencing biological measurements were excluded. Patients were followed up for 24 weeks. RESULTS The malnutrition rate was 29.2% at baseline and 25.6% at the end of the study. The difference was not significant. Of the 35 patients with wound healing, 29% were undernourished at inclusion and 17% at the end of the study. Of the 12 patients without wound healing, 50% were undernourished at inclusion, and 42% at the end of the study. These differences were not significant. Rate and speed of wound healing were not associated with malnutrition at inclusion. 15% of patients without malnutrition at baseline had final malnutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that wound healing was not affected by the initial presence of malnutrition. In our study, there is no evidence to support nutritional intervention to improve wound healing in diabetic patients. Nevertheless, malnutrition is responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality and it is essential to identify malnutrition systematically for all patients with DFU, initially and during follow-up to treat it quickly and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rouland
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - C Fourmont
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - A L Sberna
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
- Unité INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L S Aho Glele
- Service d'épidémiologie et d'hygiène hospitalière, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - T Mouillot
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - I Simoneau
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
- Unité INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J M Petit
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France
- Unité INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon, France.
- Unité INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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10
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Petit JM, Loubiere S, Vargas-Moniz MJ, Tinland A, Spinnewijn F, Greenwood RM, Santinello M, Wolf JR, Bokszczanin A, Bernad R, Kallmen H, Ornelas J, Auquier P. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about homelessness and willingness-to-pay for housing-first across 8 European countries: a survey protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 76:71. [PMID: 30505443 PMCID: PMC6260705 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-018-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Most European countries report rising numbers of people experiencing homelessness. For those with mental disorders, interventions are centered on achieving mental health and drug rehabilitation alongside housing readiness, often to the detriment of access to housing. Notwithstanding, more European countries are investing in a new model, Housing First (HF), which postulates immediate access to permanent housing with no initial requirements for treatment. While results of the European HF programs are published on individual-level data, little is known about the opinions of the general population about homelessness and the societal value of the HF model, which can represent barriers to the model's dissemination. Therefore, we present the protocol of a study designed for the following objectives: 1) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about homelessness within the general population of 8 European countries, 2) to assess the valuation of the HF model by European citizens, and 3) to estimate the lifetime prevalence of homelessness in the targeted countries. Methods A telephone survey was conducted from March to December 2017 among adults selected from opt-in panels from France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Poland, and Sweden. A total sample of 5600 interviews was expected, with 700 per country. The interviews included three sections: first, the KAP about homelessness; second, the valuation of the HF model by measuring a respondent's willingness-to-pay (WTP) through the contingent valuation method; and third, an assessment of the lifetime prevalence of homelessness among the general population. Descriptive analyses and comparisons between countries will be conducted. KAP indicators will be created and their psychometric properties assessed. Determinants of WTP will be assessed through regression models. Discussion This survey will highlight Europeans' views of homelessness, especially their level of tolerance towards homelessness, potential misconceptions and the most important barriers for the implementation of the HF model. Additionally, the results on the valuation of the HF model by citizens could be instrumental for key stakeholders in understanding the level of support from the general population. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Aix-Marseille University Ethics Committee (n° 2016-01-02-01) for this study, which is part of HOME_EU: Reversing Homelessness in Europe H2O20-SC6-REVINEQUAL-2016/GA726997.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- 1Aix-Marseille Univ, School of medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279 CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - S Loubiere
- 2Department of Research and Innovation, Support Unit for clinical research and economic evaluation, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - M J Vargas-Moniz
- 3Applied Psychology Research Center: Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Tinland
- 2Department of Research and Innovation, Support Unit for clinical research and economic evaluation, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - F Spinnewijn
- FEANTSA, European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless, 194, Chaussée de Louvain, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R M Greenwood
- 5Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - M Santinello
- 6Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - J R Wolf
- 7Impuls - Netherlands Center for Social Care Research, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 27, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bokszczanin
- 8Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Pl. Staszica 1, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - R Bernad
- Rais Fundación, C/ Ardemans 42, 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Kallmen
- 10STAD, Stockholm Center for Psychiatry Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Ornelas
- 3Applied Psychology Research Center: Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Auquier
- 1Aix-Marseille Univ, School of medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279 CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
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11
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Chauvet-Gélinier JC, Mosca-Boidron AL, Lemogne C, Ragot S, Forestier N, Callegarin D, Allard C, Rebaï A, Bouillet B, Ponavoy E, Simoneau I, Petit JM, Bondolfi G, Callier P, Trojak B, Bonin B, Vergès B. Type A competitiveness traits correlate with downregulation of c-Fos expression in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2018; 45:582-585. [PMID: 30476653 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type A personality has been associated with increased survival in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Systemic low-grade inflammation may play a critical role, as suggested in recent reports, although the links between the inflammatory circulating transcriptome and Type A remain unknown. This prompted our exploration of the potential associations between Type A personality and c-Fos gene expression, a candidate gene closely linked to inflammatory processes, in T1D. METHODS Type A personality was assessed by Bortner questionnaire in patients with T1D, and two subscales - 'speed' and 'competitiveness' - were used to measure these specific dimensions of Type A. Expression of the c-Fos gene was assessed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS This pilot study included 20 men with T1D. Multivariable analyses showed an independent inverse association between Type A competitiveness score and c-Fos expression, while a regression model adjusted for age, body mass index and HbA1c levels revealed a significant inverse relationship between c-Fos transcripts and Type A competitiveness (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This strong association between Type A competitiveness and reduced c-Fos expression is in line with recent data suggesting a psychobiological influence of the Type A profile in T1D via inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Chauvet-Gélinier
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A-L Mosca-Boidron
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - C Lemogne
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, centre for psychiatry and neuroscience, U894, 21000 Paris, France
| | - S Ragot
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - N Forestier
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - D Callegarin
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - C Allard
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A Rebaï
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - B Bouillet
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - E Ponavoy
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - I Simoneau
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - G Bondolfi
- Service de psychiatrie de liaison et d'intervention de crise, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Callier
- Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, plateforme de biologie hospitalo-universitaire, CHU de le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - B Trojak
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - B Bonin
- Psychiatry unit, department of neurosciences, university hospital, CHU de Le Bocage, Bâtiment Marion, 14, rue Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de psychopathologie et de psychologie médicale (IFR 100), université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Bourgogne-Franche-ComtéFrance
| | - B Vergès
- Department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases, university hospital CHU de Le Bocage, 2, boulevard Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, 21000 Dijon, France.
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12
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with approximately two-thirds having a diagnosis of the disease. Currently, the only validated treatment for NAFLD is weight loss. A number of studies of animal models and human trials have evaluated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on liver fat content and suggest that the treatment could represent a new alternative for NAFLD management. In this review, our focus is on the main studies regarding the effects of GLP-1RAs on NAFLD. Also, the mechanisms that might explain their beneficial effects on liver diseases are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Petit
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231; Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie, CHU François Mitterand, BP 77908, Dijon cedex 21079, France.
| | - B Vergès
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231; Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie, CHU François Mitterand, BP 77908, Dijon cedex 21079, France
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13
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Sberna AL, Bouillet B, Rouland A, Brindisi MC, Nguyen A, Mouillot T, Duvillard L, Denimal D, Loffroy R, Vergès B, Hillon P, Petit JM. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) clinical practice recommendations for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: evaluation of their application in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:368-375. [PMID: 29247558 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the application of the recently proposed recommendations by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes and European Association for the Study of Obesity for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 179 people with Type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Liver fat content (assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), fatty liver index score, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and SteatoTest and FibroTest scores were determined. RESULTS According to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 68.7% of participants had steatosis (liver fat content >5.5%). The application of the guidelines using several combinations (fatty liver index + non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis scores, Steatotest + FibroTest scores, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy + non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy + FibroTest) resulted in a referral to a liver clinic for 33.5-84.9% people with Type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The application of these new algorithms for the diagnosis, and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease would lead to an excessive number of people with Type 2 diabetes being referred to a liver clinic. We suggest that new clinical and/or biological biomarkers of steatosis and fibrosis be specifically validated in people with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Sberna
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - B Bouillet
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - A Rouland
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - M C Brindisi
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - A Nguyen
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - T Mouillot
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - L Duvillard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - D Denimal
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - R Loffroy
- Department of Radiology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - P Hillon
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - J M Petit
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM-LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, CHU François Mitterand, Dijon, France
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14
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Carrard A, Elsayed M, Margineanu M, Boury-Jamot B, Fragnière L, Meylan EM, Petit JM, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ, Martin JL. Peripheral administration of lactate produces antidepressant-like effects. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:392-399. [PMID: 27752076 PMCID: PMC5794893 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role as metabolic substrate that can sustain neuronal function and viability, emerging evidence supports a role for l-lactate as an intercellular signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity. Clinical and basic research studies have shown that major depression and chronic stress are associated with alterations in structural and functional plasticity. These findings led us to investigate the role of l-lactate as a potential novel antidepressant. Here we show that peripheral administration of l-lactate produces antidepressant-like effects in different animal models of depression that respond to acute and chronic antidepressant treatment. The antidepressant-like effects of l-lactate are associated with increases in hippocampal lactate levels and with changes in the expression of target genes involved in serotonin receptor trafficking, astrocyte functions, neurogenesis, nitric oxide synthesis and cAMP signaling. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of l-lactate may help to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrard
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Elsayed
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Margineanu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Boury-Jamot
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fragnière
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E M Meylan
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-M Petit
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Fiumelli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - P J Magistretti
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: or
| | - J-L Martin
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: or
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15
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Goueslard K, Cottenet J, Mariet AS, Sagot P, Petit JM, Quantin C. Early screening for type 2 diabetes following gestational diabetes mellitus in France: hardly any impact of the 2010 guidelines. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:645-651. [PMID: 28393277 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the years following pregnancy. Most follow-up screening studies have been conducted in limited geographical areas leading to large variability in the results. The aim of our investigation was to measure how the publication of guidelines affected early screening for T2DM after a pregnancy with GDM during the period 2007-2013, in France. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a representative sample of 1/97th of the French population using data from the "National Health Insurance Inter-Regime Information System," which collects individual hospital and non-hospital data for healthcare consumption. RESULTS The sample included 49,080 women who gave birth in 2007-2013. In the following 3 months, only 18.49% of women with GDM had an oral glucose tolerance test or a blood glucose test in 2007. This rate had not significantly increased in 2013 (p = 0.18). The proportion of women with GDM who had the recommended glycemic follow-up at 3 months (20.30 vs. 21.58%, p = 0.19) and 6 months (32.48 vs. 37.16%, p = 0.08) was not significantly different before the guidelines (2008-2009) and after the guidelines (2012-2013). At 12 months, the difference was significant (46.77 vs. 54.05%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Postpartum screening has improved only slightly since the guidelines and remains largely insufficient, with less than 25% of women with GDM screened in the first 3 months. In the first year after delivery, less than 60% of women were screened for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goueslard
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale (DIM), CHRU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J Cottenet
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale (DIM), CHRU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - A-S Mariet
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale (DIM), CHRU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - P Sagot
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHRU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France.
- Services de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie, CHRU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - C Quantin
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale (DIM), CHRU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Dijon University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Trials Unit, 21000, Dijon, France
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), INSERM, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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Laurent C, Casasnovas O, Martin L, Chauchet A, Ghesquieres H, Aussedat G, Fornecker LM, Bologna S, Borot S, Laurent K, Bouillet B, Verges B, Petit JM. Adrenal lymphoma: presentation, management and prognosis. QJM 2017; 110:103-109. [PMID: 27795295 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify the clinical, radiological and prognostic features of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) in order to diagnose the disease more accurately. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective multi-centre study was conducted on the clinical, biological and radiological features as well as the treatment and overall survival outcomes in PAL. RESULTS Between 1994 and 2014, 28 patients from five regions of eastern France were diagnosed with primary adrenal lymphoma. The revealing symptoms were a worsening general state (77%), weight loss (77%) and abdominal pain (42%). Biological features of PAL were almost omnipresent: increased LDH, β2 microglobulin, CRP or ferritinaemia levels. The PAL was bilateral in 20 cases (71%), adrenal insufficiency was searched for in 11 patients and found in eight (73%). CT scans showed masses of various sizes measuring up to 180 mm. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2. When done, positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) showed locations not seen on the CT and revealed extra-adrenal locations in 70% of examinations. Adrenalectomy brought no benefit. The overall survival rate was poor (61.9% at 2 years) despite polychemotherapy. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of PAL comprised major general symptoms. Adrenal insufficiency was very common in patients with bilateral involvement but was not systematically tested. PET was an efficient examination to visualize extra-adrenal locations. The preliminary results of MRI to distinguish between PAL and adrenocortical carcinoma should be confirmed. Further studies are needed to establish an optimal strategy for the management of these primary adrenal lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- From the Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - O Casasnovas
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - L Martin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - A Chauchet
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France
| | - H Ghesquieres
- Department of Hematology, Centre Leon Berard, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Aussedat
- Department of Hematology, Centre Leon Berard, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - L M Fornecker
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Bologna
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - S Borot
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France
| | - K Laurent
- University of Science and Technology of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - B Bouillet
- From the Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - B Verges
- From the Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- From the Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
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17
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Bouillet B, Gautier T, Aho LS, Duvillard L, Petit JM, Lagrost L, Vergès B. Plasma apolipoprotein C1 concentration is associated with plasma triglyceride concentration, but not visceral fat, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2016; 42:263-6. [PMID: 26934823 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1) is likely to play an important role in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Mice overexpressing human apoC1 present decreased adipose tissue stores. This study aimed to determine whether apoC1 concentration influences fat mass and distribution and liver fat content (LFC) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS ApoC1 concentrations were measured by ELISA in 113 T2D patients and 56 normolipidaemic-normoglycaemic subjects. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were determined by single-slice axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while LFC was measured by hydrogen-1 ((1)H) MR spectroscopy. RESULTS ApoC1 concentrations were higher in T2D patients than in normolipidaemic-normoglycaemic subjects (P<0.0001), and did not correlate with visceral or subcutaneous fat areas, but significantly correlated with TG (P<0.0001) and LFC (P=0.02) in T2D patients. However, the correlation between apoC1 and LFC was lost after adjusting for TG. ApoC1 concentration was also significantly higher in T2D patients with TG<1.5mmol/L than in control subjects (P<0.0001), although both groups had similar TG levels. On multivariate analysis performed in T2D patients with TG<1.5mmol/L and control subjects, apoC1 concentration was independently and positively associated with type 2 diabetes (P<0.0001) and TG levels (P=0.03). CONCLUSION This study reports, for the first time, that apoC1 is increased in T2D patients and is significantly correlated with TG, whereas no association was found between apoC1 and adipose tissue. This indicates that, in T2D, apoC1 may play a role in TG metabolism, but is unlikely to modulate fat mass and distribution. This increased apoC1 concentration in T2D patients is not only explained by the increased TG level in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouillet
- Endocrinology, Diabetology department, University Hospital of Dijon, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - T Gautier
- INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L S Aho
- Epidemiology department, University Hospital of Dijon, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - L Duvillard
- INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Endocrinology, Diabetology department, University Hospital of Dijon, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L Lagrost
- INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - B Vergès
- Endocrinology, Diabetology department, University Hospital of Dijon, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR 866, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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18
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Vergès B, Petit JM, Bouillet B. Improvement of liver function tests by antidiabetic agents: The need for multidirectional analysis. Diabetes Metab 2016; 42:1-3. [PMID: 26677771 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm CRI 866, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - J-M Petit
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm CRI 866, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - B Bouillet
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm CRI 866, 21000 Dijon, France
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19
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Petit JM, Pedro L, Guiu B, Duvillard L, Bouillet B, Jooste V, Habchi M, Crevisy E, Fourmont C, Buffier P, Hillon P, Cercueil JP, Verges B. Type 1 diabetes is not associated with an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1648-51. [PMID: 25981893 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been suggested that NAFLD is also frequently associated with Type 1 diabetes and diabetic complications. In this study, we set out to determine whether Type 1 diabetes was associated with liver fat content measured using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight patients with Type 1 diabetes, 264 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 67 participants without diabetes were included in this study. Hepatic steatosis was defined as a liver fat content > 5.5%. RESULTS People with Type 1 diabetes and controls were similar for age and BMI. Liver fat content was significantly higher in patients with Type 2 diabetes than in patients with Type 1 diabetes and controls. In the control group, nine people (13.4%) had steatosis compared with six (4.7%) patients with Type 1 diabetes (P = 0.04). Among patients with Type 2 diabetes group, 166 (62.8%) had steatosis. In multivariate analysis that included patients with Type 1 diabetes and participants without diabetes, steatosis was associated only with BMI, whereas age, sex, statin therapy and Type 1 diabetes were not. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, there was no correlation between liver fat content and estimated glomerular filtration rate or carotid intima media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Type 1 diabetes was not associated with an increased prevalence of steatosis. Moreover, our study provided no specific arguments concerning a link between liver fat content and diabetic complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Petit
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - L Pedro
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - B Guiu
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
- Services de radiologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - B Bouillet
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - V Jooste
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
| | - M Habchi
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - E Crevisy
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - C Fourmont
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - P Buffier
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
| | - P Hillon
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
| | - J-P Cercueil
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
- Services de radiologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - B Verges
- Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866
- Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie
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20
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Moustapha A, Pérétout PA, Rainey NE, Sureau F, Geze M, Petit JM, Dewailly E, Slomianny C, Petit PX. Curcumin induces crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis mediated by calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal destabilization and mitochondrial events. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15017. [PMID: 27551451 PMCID: PMC4979459 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a major active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa, L.), has anticancer effects. In vitro studies suggest that curcumin inhibits cancer cell growth by activating apoptosis, but the mechanism underlying these effects is still unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to apoptosis in curcumin-treated cells. Curcumin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causing calcium release, with a destabilization of the mitochondrial compartment resulting in apoptosis. These events were also associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization and of caspase-8 activation, mediated by cathepsins and calpains, leading to Bid cleavage. Truncated tBid disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance apoptosis. We followed the induction of autophagy, marked by the formation of autophagosomes, by staining with acridine orange in cells exposed curcumin. At this concentration, only the early events of apoptosis (initial mitochondrial destabilization with any other manifestations) were detectable. Western blotting demonstrated the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II (light chain 3), a marker of active autophagosome formation. We also found that the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of autophagosomes following curcumin treatment was almost completely blocked by N-acetylcystein, the mitochondrial specific antioxidants MitoQ10 and SKQ1, the calcium chelators, EGTA-AM or BAPTA-AM, and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor, ruthenium red. Curcumin-induced autophagy failed to rescue all cells and most cells underwent type II cell death following the initial autophagic processes. All together, these data imply a fail-secure mechanism regulated by autophagy in the action of curcumin, suggesting a therapeutic potential for curcumin. Offering a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moustapha
- INSERM U1124 'Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire', Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères , Paris, France
| | - P A Pérétout
- INSERM U1124 'Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire', Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères , Paris, France
| | - N E Rainey
- INSERM U1124 'Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire', Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères , Paris, France
| | - F Sureau
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Jean Perrin , Paris, France
| | - M Geze
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelles, CeMIM/USM 0504, 'Biologie Fonctionnelles des Protozoaires' 57 , Paris, France
| | - J-M Petit
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelles, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN 'Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes' 57 , Paris, France
| | - E Dewailly
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, INSERM U800, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille 1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C Slomianny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, INSERM U800, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille 1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - P X Petit
- INSERM U1124 'Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire', Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères , Paris, France
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Dossarps D, Petit JM, Guiu B, Cercueil JP, Duvillard L, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher C. Body fat distribution and adipokine secretion are not associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmic Res 2013; 51:42-5. [PMID: 24217637 DOI: 10.1159/000355323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The link between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and adipokines is controversial. Some studies suggest that visceral fat and adipokines could be additional risk factors for DR. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between abdominal fat or adipokine secretion and DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS A total of 179 patients with type 2 DM were included. Each patient underwent measurement of plasma adiponectin and leptin and an evaluation of body fat distribution (visceral and subcutaneous) with MRI. The severity of DR was evaluated according to the classification of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Patients were classified in 3 groups: absence of DR, mild and moderate DR, and advanced DR (severe, proliferative and laser-treated DR). RESULTS There were no significant differences between the 3 groups for adiponectin, leptin and visceral or subcutaneous fat accumulation. Patients with DR had a mean duration of diabetes, serum creatinine concentration and percentage of macroalbuminuria significantly higher than patients without DR (p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Serum adiponectin increased with the diabetic nephropathy stage (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that body fat distribution and adipokine secretion are not associated with DR in patients with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dossarps
- Department of Ophthalmology, CRI INSERM 866, University Hospital, Dijon, France
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22
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Graillot D, Quipourt V, Bouillet B, Petit JM, Manckoundia P. [Type 2 diabetes in the elderly, which specific features?]. Rev Med Interne 2012; 33:575-9. [PMID: 22766159 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, whose prevalence has increased among elderly aged over 75 years, has a number of specific features which differ from that in young people: heterogeneous population, association with other cardiovascular risk factors and several comorbidities, different therapeutic constraints and risks, and lower life expectancy. By using a standardized geriatric assessment it is possible to determine therapeutic and glycemic goals for each patient. In the elderly, main complications of diabetes are hypoglycemia and foot lesions. In order to avoid malnutrition, lifestyle and dietary rules should not be too strict. Recommendations for the prescription of oral antidiabetic agents are the same for both elderly and young subjects, but with increased monitoring in the elderly because of the high risk of complications including iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Insulin therapy should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Graillot
- Service de Médecine Interne Gériatrie, Hôpital de Jour, Centre de Champmaillot, CHU de Dijon, 2, rue Jules-Violle, BP 87 909, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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23
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Petit JM, Guiu B, Duvillard L, Jooste V, Brindisi MC, Athias A, Bouillet B, Habchi M, Cottet V, Gambert P, Hillon P, Cercueil JP, Verges B. Increased erythrocytes n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is significantly associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2011; 31:520-5. [PMID: 22209679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Although dietary fat contributes substantially to the accumulation of liver fat, the role of individual fatty acids in this accumulation is unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we set out to determine whether liver fat content (LFC), was associated with red blood cell fatty acid (RBC-FA) composition in people with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred and sixty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. LFC was measured using (1)H-MR Spectroscopy. RBC-FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. RESULTS One hundred and nine (67.2%) patients had steatosis. Patients with steatosis had a higher BMI (p = 0.0005), and higher plasma triglyceride levels (p = 0.009) than did patients without steatosis. We report a significant association between palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) concentrations and ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid (palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid) and higher liver fat content. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), homo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) were associated with lower LFC. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that an increased erythrocytes long-chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids was associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation could be a promising treatment for NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
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24
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Bouillet B, Petit JM, Tison LO, Beynat C, Brunot S, Baudoin N. The first case report of diaphragmatic paralysis as a paraneoplastic syndrome of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:143-5. [PMID: 21521275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bouillet
- Endocrinology and Diabetology DepartmentEndocrine Surgery DepartmentPneumology Department Neurology Department, CHU - Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France E-mail:
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Hillon P, Guiu B, Vincent J, Petit JM. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and risk of digestive cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:529-33. [PMID: 20864282 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of obesity has been increasing worldwide for 20 years. Many epidemiological studies support a correlation between obesity and increased risk of cancer, particularly digestive cancers in both genders, and gynaecological cancer in women. Currently, about 5% of cancers could be directly related to overweight. Carcinogenesis mechanisms induced by obesity involve insulin resistance, adipokine and angiogenic factor secretions, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that insulin resistance plays a major role in carcinogenesis. Insulin and non-protein banded IGF-1, whose levels are increased in type 2 diabetes, stimulate cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis. Abnormalities in adipokine secretion by the central adipose tissue play a role at different stages of obesity-induced carcinogenesis. Excess of leptin and PAI-1, associated with a decrease in adiponectin secretion in obese people, contributes to carcinogenesis through cellular growth and angiogenesis stimulation. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix due to metalloproteinase stimulation by PAI-1 is also able to promote cell migration. Obesity not only increases cancer frequency, but is also liable to modify the prognosis and the response to antiangiogenic therapy of digestive cancers. This data suggests the need for clinicians to take into account overweight in cancer risk evaluation and to consider obesity and metabolic disorders as confounding factors in designing therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hillon
- Université de Bourgogne, CHU de Dijon, rue de l'église, Dijon, France.
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26
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Monclus R, Villar M, Barbaroux C, Bastien C, Fichot R, Delmotte FM, Delay D, Petit JM, Bréchet C, Dreyer E, Brignolas F. Productivity, water-use efficiency and tolerance to moderate water deficit correlate in 33 poplar genotypes from a Populus deltoides x Populus trichocarpa F1 progeny. Tree Physiol 2009; 29:1329-39. [PMID: 19773340 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genotypic variability for productivity, water-use efficiency and leaf traits in 33 genotypes selected from an F1 progeny of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh x Populus trichocarpa L. was explored under optimal and moderate water-deficit conditions. Saplings of the 33 genotypes were grown in a two-plot open field at INRA Orléans (France) and coppiced every year. A moderate water deficit was induced during two successive years on one plot by withholding irrigation, while the second one remained irrigated (control). Stem biomass and leaf structure (e.g., specific leaf area and leaf area) were measured in 2004 and 2005 and functional leaf traits (e.g., carbon isotope discrimination, Delta) were measured only in 2004. Tolerance to water deficit was estimated at genotype level as the ability to limit losses in biomass production in water deficit versus control trees. Stem biomass, leaf structure and Delta displayed a significant genotypic variability whatever the irrigation regime. For all traits, genotype ranks remained stable across years for similar irrigation conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination scaled negatively with productivity and leaf nitrogen content in controls. The most productive genotypes were the least tolerant to moderate water deficit. No relationship was evidenced between Delta and the level of tolerance to water deficit. The relationships between traits evidenced in this collection of P. deltoides x P. trichocarpa F1 genotypes contrast with the ones that were previously detected in a collection of P. deltoides x Populus nigra L. cultivars tested in the same field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Monclus
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UFR-Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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Guiu B, Petit JM, Walker PM, Loffroy R, Hillon P, Brunotte F, Krausé D, Cercueil JP. [Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a new standard for quantification of liver steatosis?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:967-70. [PMID: 19646833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Guiu
- Département d'imagerie médicale diagnostique et thérapeutique, CHU Le Bocage, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Chagué F, Belleville I, Boujon B, Petit JM. [An aortic insufficiency diagnosed under cabergoline]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2009; 58:189-191. [PMID: 18656845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a restrictive aortic insufficiency diagnosed on a 53-year old woman while being treated by low dose of cabergoline for hyperprolactinemia. Such valves involvements had already been described with cabergoline and other dopamine agonists, drugs the patient was previously exposed to. However, chronology of events leads us to suspect cabergoline, although such effects had only been described with much higher doses. This case may recommend to perform echocardiograms upon patients treated by cabergoline, and probably such a caution may be enforced in patients previously exposed to other dopamine agonists. On another hand, the diagnostic of a restrictive valvulopathy may lead to suspect a iatrogenic origin including dopamine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chagué
- Centre d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon Cedex, France.
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Poussier A, Lebouvier M, Penfornis A, Di Martino V, Buffier P, Verges B, Hillon P, Petit JM. Specific phenotype associated with diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic hepatitis C infection. Diabet Med 2008; 25:1237-40. [PMID: 19046205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM A link between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance has been suggested by several studies. However, HCV infection appears to be associated with insulin resistance but not with the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic HCV infection had an impact on the clinical characteristics of Type 2 diabetes. METHODS We studied retrospectively a group of patients with diabetes mellitus associated with HCV infection (HCV-DM) and compared them with patients with conventional Type 2 diabetes (DM). RESULTS The HCV-DM patients had a lower body mass index (P = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04) compared with patients with DM diabetes. Ten patients (27.0%) in the HCV-DM group and 35 (47.3%) in the DM group had microalbuminuria (P = 0.04). DM patients had significantly higher serum creatinine levels than HCV-DM patients [87 (72-108) vs. 77 (64-86) micromol/l, P = 0.02; median (interquartile range)] but creatinine clearance (Cockroft Gault calculation) was similar. One HCV-DM patient (2.7%) and 44 DM patients (59.4%) were treated with hypolipidaemic therapy (P = 0.0001). Even although nearly two-thirds of the overall DM group were prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, DM patients had significantly higher total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels than HCV-DM patients. CONCLUSION Our study provides further evidence that HCV-DM patients have specific clinical characteristics in comparison with classical DM patients. These data suggest an association between HCV virus infection and the development of insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus without the typical features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poussier
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Dijon, France
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Vergès B, Florentin E, Baillot-Rudoni S, Monier S, Petit JM, Rageot D, Gambert P, Duvillard L. Effects of 20 mg rosuvastatin on VLDL1-, VLDL2-, IDL- and LDL-ApoB kinetics in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1382-90. [PMID: 18535816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In addition to its efficacy in reducing LDL-cholesterol, rosuvastatin has been shown to significantly decrease plasma triacylglycerol. The use of rosuvastatin may be beneficial in patients with type 2 diabetes, who usually have increased triacylglycerol levels. However, its effects on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients remains unknown. METHODS We performed a randomised double-blind crossover trial of 6-week treatment with placebo or rosuvastatin 20 mg in eight patients with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with oral glucose-lowering agents. In each patient, an in vivo kinetic study of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins with [13C]leucine was performed at the end of each treatment period. A central randomisation centre used computer-generated tables to allocate treatments. Participants, caregivers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS Rosuvastatin 20 mg significantly reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and total ApoB. It also significantly reduced ApoB pool sizes of larger triacylglycerol-rich VLDL particles (VLDL1; p = 0.011), smaller VLDL particles (VLDL2; p = 0.011), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL; p = 0.011) and LDL (p = 0.011). This reduction was associated with a significant increase in the total fractional catabolic rate of VLDL1-ApoB (6.70 +/- 3.24 vs 4.52 +/- 2.34 pool/day, p = 0.049), VLDL2-ApoB (8.72 +/- 3.37 vs 5.36 +/- 2.64, p = 0.011), IDL-ApoB (7.06 +/- 1.68 vs 4.21 +/- 1.51, p = 0.011) and LDL-ApoB (1.02 +/- 0.27 vs 0.59 +/- 0.13, p = 0.011). Rosuvastatin did not change the production rates of VLDL2-, IDL- or LDL-, but did reduce VLDL1-ApoB production rate (12.4 +/- 4.5 vs 19.5 +/- 8.4 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p = 0.035). No side effects of rosuvastatin were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In type 2 diabetic patients rosuvastatin 20 mg not only induces a significant increase of LDL-ApoB catabolism (73%), but also has favourable effects on the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, e.g. a significant increase in the catabolism of VLDL1-ApoB (48%), VLDL2-ApoB (63%) and IDL-ApoB (68%), and a reduction in the production rate of VLDL1-ApoB (-36%). The effects of rosuvastatin on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins may be beneficial for prevention of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, France.
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Duvillard L, Caslake MJ, Petit JM, Vergès B, Gambert P, Packard CJ. Distinct patterns of heparin affinity chromatography VLDL1 and VLDL2 subfractions in the different dyslipidaemias. Atherosclerosis 2008; 199:27-33. [PMID: 18177876 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 1 and 2 were fractionated by heparin affinity chromatography into a bound and an unbound fraction and the different subfractions were quantified in 17 normolipidaemic (NL), 13 hypercholesterolaemic (HC), 10 hypertriglyceridaemic (HTG) and 11 combined hyperlipidaemic subjects (CHL). Unbound VLDL1 and VLDL2 were, respectively, 1.9- and 2.2-fold richer in triglycerides than bound VLDL1 and VLDL2. In HTG and CHL the concentration of all the VLDL subfractions was increased and plasma triglyceride level was correlated to unbound VLDL1 and to bound VLDL1 (respectively, r=0.86 (p<0.001) and r=0.77 (p<0.01) in HTG and r=0.73 (p<0.001) and r=0.62 (p<0.05) in CHL). In HC unbound VLDL2 and bound VLDL2 concentration were increased compared to NL and in CHL, the concentration of bound VLDL2 was particularly increased (3.2-fold compared to NL (p<0.001)). In both HC and CHL bound VLDL2 concentration was correlated to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (respectively, r=0.67 (p<0.01) and r=0.62 (p<0.05)). In hypertriglyceridaemic states the intravascular accumulation of both unbound and bound VLDL1 appears as the determinant of plasma triglyceride concentration, whereas in moderately hypercholesterolaemic states the concentration of bound VLDL2 is strikingly correlated to LDL-C concentration, suggesting that these two species are linked metabolically, e.g. bound VLDL2 contain the precursor pool of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duvillard
- INSERM Research Center 866, Dijon F-21000, France.
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Belleville I, Chague F, Petit JM, Boujon B. [Aortic insufficiency under weak doses of cabergoline for non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2007; 68:464-6. [PMID: 17905193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Used in its neurological indication, cabergoline is known to induce cardiac valve regurgitations, essentially mitral and aortic valvular diseases, by its action on the 5HT2b receptors. Until now, it was assumed that the dose and the duration of exposure were the major factors of appearance. We describe a case of aortic insufficiency which developed in a patient given low doses of cabergoline (0.5 mg weekly) for non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia. Because of previous use of appetite suppressants and of bromocriptine, the exclusive responsibility of cabergoline remained uncertain. The potential gravity of these valvular heart diseases emphasizes the importance of careful cardiologic examination before and during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Belleville
- Service d'endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques, CHU de Dijon, hôpital du Bocage, boulevard Mal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, BP 77908, 21034 Dijon cedex, France.
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Galland F, Duvillard L, Petit JM, Lagrost L, Vaillant G, Brun JM, Gambert P, Vergès B. Effect of insulin treatment on plasma oxidized LDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes & Metabolism 2006; 32:625-31. [PMID: 17296517 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidized LDL/LDL-Cholesterol ratio, an accurate estimation of in vivo LDL oxidation, has been reported elevated and associated with macrovascular disease. Because insulin therapy induces significant modification of lipid metabolism, in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the effect of insulin treatment on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients and analyzed the results in comparison with the modifications induced by insulin on glycaemia, plasma lipids and LDL receptors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma oxidized LDL concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA in 21 type 2 diabetic patients before and 3 months after the introduction of insulin therapy, and in 27 age-matched controls. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic patients had, compared to controls, significantly increased oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio (P<0.0001). Three months after insulin treatment, oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio was significantly reduced (21.1+/-4.7 vs. 24.0+/-5.8 U/mmol, P<0.01). This reduction was strongly associated, in multivariate analysis, with reduction of LDL(TG/cholesterol ratio) (P=0.008), and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL fructosamine (P=0.034), but not with the increase of the number of LDL receptors. CONCLUSIONS In the present study we demonstrate for the first time a lowering effect of insulin therapy on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. This decrease is mainly associated with the reduction of LDL TG-enrichment, and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL glycation, but not with the insulin-induced increase in number of LDL receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Hôpital du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France.
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Duvillard L, Florentin E, Lalanne-Mistrich ML, Petit JM, Baillot-Rudoni S, Brun-Pacaud A, Brun JM, Gambert P, Vergès B. Normal metabolism of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins despite qualitative abnormalities in type 1 diabetic men. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1366-72. [PMID: 15918022 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetic subjects are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and exhibit multiple qualitative abnormalities of apolipoprotein (apo) B100-containing lipoproteins. This stable isotope kinetic experiment was designed to study whether these abnormalities are associated with changes in the synthesis and fractional catabolic rates of VLDL-, IDL- and LDL-apoB100. METHODS Using a bolus followed by a 16-h constant infusion of 13C-leucine, we performed a kinetic study in eight men with type 1 diabetes treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion administered by an external pump and in seven healthy men, in the fed state. RESULTS The mean HbA1c level in the type 1 diabetic patients was 8.00+/-1.48%. Plasma triglyceride, and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were similar in patients and control subjects. VLDL were less triglyceride rich in type 1 diabetic patients than in control subjects (VLDL triglyceride : apoB 6.91+/-0.81 vs 8.29+/-1.24 mmol/g, p=0.05). Conversely, the IDL and LDL of the type 1 diabetic patients contained relatively higher levels of triglycerides (IDL triglycerides : apoB 2.16+/-0.36 vs 1.57+/-0.30 mmol/g, p<0.01; LDL triglycerides : apoB 0.27+/-0.06 vs 0.16+/-0.04 mmol/g, p<0.05). The apoB100 pool size, production and fractional catabolic rates in the two groups of subjects were similar for all lipoprotein fractions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Despite qualitative abnormalities, especially abnormalities of triglyceride content, the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins is not altered in type 1 diabetic men with fair glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The high risk of atherosclerosis in these patients cannot be explained by kinetic abnormalities of apoB100-containing lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duvillard
- INSERM U498, Bocage Hospital, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cédex, France.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus leads to microvascular complications and altered basement membranes, which are partly responsible for ocular complications. Corneal nerve impairment is involved in ocular surface disease as well. We examined the possible relation between ocular surface signs and retinal or neuronal degenerative complications due to diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diabetics and control subjects were compared for corneal sensitivity and tear function parameters such as the Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and fluorescein and lissamine green stainings. The relation of the duration of the disease, the stage of retinopathy, metabolic control (HbA1c), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy with ocular surface disorders were noted. RESULTS Twelve healthy patients were compared to 48 diabetics. The Schirmer test value, BUT, and fluorescein and lissamine green impregnations were significantly modified in diabetics compared to controls (p<0.0001), with no relation to the duration of the disease or metabolic control. The mean corneal sensitivity was significantly lower in diabetic patients (p<0.01), diabetics with peripheral neuropathy (p=0.00008), and diabetics with preproliferative retinopathy (p=0.0003). Tear function parameters were more frequently altered in patients presenting preproliferative retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes can lead to ocular surface impairments with qualitative and quantitative tear disorders, all of which seem to evolve in close relation with retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. These lacrymal and corneoconjunctival abnormalities, even if not currently mentioned by diabetic patients, can result in severe neurotrophic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Creuzot-Garcher
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France.
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Prunet C, Petit JM, Ecarnot-Laubriet A, Athias A, Miguet-Alfonsi C, Rohmer JF, Steinmetz E, Néel D, Gambert P, Lizard G. High circulating levels of 7beta- and 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol and presence of apoptotic and oxidative markers in arterial lesions of normocholesterolemic atherosclerotic patients undergoing endarterectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 54:22-32. [PMID: 16376175 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In previous investigations, we found that 7beta-hydroxycholesterol had potent pro-apoptotic, and pro-oxidative properties. So, we asked whether the circulating level of this oxysterol was enhanced in atherosclerotic patients undergoing endarterectomy of the superficial femoral artery. To this end, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol serum concentrations were determined and compared with common lipid parameters in atherosclerotic patients, and in healthy subjects. 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol was simultaneously measured to evaluate the reliability of the method used for oxysterol analysis. On normal and atherosclerotic arterial fragments from patients, markers of oxidation (4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts), and apoptosis (activated caspase-3; condensed/fragmented nuclei) were studied. Interestingly, high serum concentrations of 7beta- and 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol were found in normocholesterolemic atherosclerotic patients. However, in statin-treated patients, the circulating levels of 7beta- and 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol tend towards normal values. Therefore, 7beta- as well as 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol could be more appropriate markers of lipid metabolism disorders than cholesterol or LDL in normocholesterolemic patients with atherosclerosis of the lower limbs, and statins could normalize their serum concentrations. At the arterial level, apoptotic cells were mainly identified in low grade lesions and no statin effects were found on oxidation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prunet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, INSERM U498/IFR 100, CHU/Hôpital du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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Petit JM, Duong M, Masson D, Buisson M, Duvillard L, Bour JB, Brindisi MC, Galland F, Guiguet M, Gambert P, Portier H, Vergès B. Serum adiponectin and metabolic parameters in HIV-1-infected patients after substitution of nevirapine for protease inhibitors. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:569-75. [PMID: 15305892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, adiponectin concentrations have been shown to be related to lipodystrophy, metabolic alterations and HIV-protease inhibitor (PI) use. The replacement of PI by nevirapine has improved the lipid profile of patients under antiretroviral therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine whether adiponectin concentration or insulin sensitivity level correlate with the modifications of lipid parameters after the switch of PI by nevirapine. MATERIAL AND METHODS The evolution of metabolic parameters before and after 6 months of substitution of nevirapine for protease inhibitors was evaluated in a cohort of 55 HIV-1 infected patients. Adiponectin concentration, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mass concentration and triglyceride enrichment of HDL were determined before and after the replacement of PI by nevirapine. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the HOMA model assessment. RESULTS Twenty-four weeks of treatment with nevirapine improved significantly the lipid profile with a significant reduction of apoB (from 0.98 to 0.92 g L(-1); P = 0.005) and triglyceride (from 2.02 to 1.66 mmol L(-1); P = 0.02). HDL cholesterol and apoA1 increased significantly (from 0.99 to 1.19 mmol L(-1); P = 0.001 and from 1.40 to 1.57 g L(-1); P < 0.001, respectively). The triglyceride enrichment of HDL significantly decreased after the replacement of PI by nevirapine (from 0.248 +/- 0.092 to 0.213 +/- 0.093; P = 0.003). At baseline, and after 24 weeks of nevirapine treatment, we observed significant correlations between adiponectin level and lipid parameters [(HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.66, P = 0.001 and r = 0.69, P = 0.001); triglycerides (r = -0.42, P = 0.002 and r = -0.57, P = 0.001), and triglyceride enrichment of HDL (r = -0.43, P = 0.005 and r = -0.53, P = 0.005)]. Twenty-four weeks of treatment with nevirapine did not significantly change adiponectin concentrations (from 984 to 1086 micro g L(-1), P = 0.22), CETP mass and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION This study shows that even though a strong correlation was found between adiponectin and some metabolic parameters at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment by nevirapine, the improvement of lipid profile observed after the replacement of PI by nevirapine was not in relation to the change of plasma adiponectin concentration. The significant decrease of triglyceride enrichment of HDL after the replacement of PI by nevirapine probably leads to a decreased catabolism of HDL lipoprotein, and consequently explains the increase of plasma HDL concentration observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- Hôpital Universitaire du Bocage, Dijon, France.
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Duong M, Cottin Y, Froidure M, Petit JM, Piroth L, Zeller M, L'huillier I, Fargeot A, Mahrousseh M, Chavanet P, Wolf JE, Portier H. [Is there an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy?]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2004; 52:302-7. [PMID: 14714344 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3928(02)00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This risk could be related to metabolic abnormalities associated with long-term use of antiretroviral drugs. In fact, well recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and central fat deposition are increasingly seen in HIV patients on ART. These factors can also be associated with non reversible risk factors, such as male sex, age greater than 40 years and family history of premature coronary artery disease. In addition, cigarette smoking and sedentary lifestyle may predispose these patients to significant cardiovascular disease. A direct atherogenic effect of HIV infection itself or antiretroviral drugs is unlikely. Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk for coronary artery disease in HIV infected persons; nevertheless, only long term follow-up could confirm this statement. Despite these uncertainties, it seems reasonable to identify and manage cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duong
- Service des maladies infectieuses, centre hospitalier régional universitaire (CHRU) du Bocage, 21034 Dijon, France
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Badaut J, Petit JM, Brunet JF, Magistretti PJ, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Regli L. Distribution of Aquaporin 9 in the adult rat brain: Preferential expression in catecholaminergic neurons and in glial cells. Neuroscience 2004; 128:27-38. [PMID: 15450351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is a recently cloned water channel that is permeable to monocarboxylate, glycerol and urea. In rat, AQP9 has been found in testis and liver as well as in brain where its expression has been initially shown in glial cells in forebrain. However, the expression of AQP9 has not been investigated in the brainstem. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of AQP9-immunoreactive cells throughout the adult rat brain using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry. We performed immunolabeling on brain from animals perfused with fixative and we show that AQP9 is expressed (i) in astrocytes in the glia limitans, in the white matter and in glial cells of the cerebellum, (ii) in the endothelial cells of pial vessels, and (iii) in specific groups of neurons. The neuronal AQP9 expression was almost exclusively observed in catecholaminergic cells including the adrenergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic groups, but not in other monoaminergic neurons such as serotonergic or histaminergic cells. A slight labeling was also observed in non-catecholaminergic neurons localized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that AQP9 has a unique brain distribution with a preferential localization in catecholaminergic nuclei known to be involved in many cerebral functions. While the presence of AQP9 in glia limitans and in endothelial cells of the pial vessels could be related to water transport through the blood-brain barrier, its expression in neuronal cells, not directly involved in the osmoregulation, suggests that brain AQP9 could also be used as a metabolite channel since lactate and glycerol can be energy substrates for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Badaut
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHUV BH19-208, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Pontoni D, Narayanan T, Petit JM, Grübel G, Beysens D. Microstructure and dynamics near an attractive colloidal glass transition. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:188301. [PMID: 12786047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.188301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and dynamics of a colloidal system interacting via short-ranged interparticle potential is studied by ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. A colloidal gas-liquid type transition is induced when the short-ranged attractive interactions attain sufficient magnitude. The development of liquidlike structure is preceded by a systematic transition in the particle dynamics from diffusive to constrained motion and then completely frozen behavior. This demonstrates the existence of a jamming transition induced by strong short-ranged attractive interactions even at low packing fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Manckoundia P, Khau Van Kien P, Petit JM, Millot A, Faivre L, Vaillant G. [Late diagnosis of a Di George syndrome]. Presse Med 2003; 32:118. [PMID: 12610382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
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Petit JM, Duong M, Duvillard L, Florentin E, Portier H, Lizard G, Brun JM, Gambert P, Verges B. LDL-receptors expression in HIV-infected patients: relations to antiretroviral therapy, hormonal status, and presence of lipodystrophy. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:354-9. [PMID: 12027876 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in lipid levels and lipodystrophy (LD) have been commonly reported after commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A major mechanism by which plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels may be influenced is via the regulation of hepatic LDL receptor expression. The activity of LDL receptors is under hormonal control. Moreover, HIV infection and HAART are associated with important modifications of hormonal status. As the cause of these adverse reactions is unknown, the effects of HAART and lipodystrophy on LDL receptors were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine HIV treated patients (21 with a protease inhibitor (PI) containing regimen, 18 without PI use) and 22 control subjects were tested for insulin resistance (HOMA model assessment), lipid profile, serum concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and LDL-R expression. LDL-R on mononuclear cells were quantified by flow cytrometry. RESULTS Among the 39 HIV infected patients, 14 patients had a lipodystrophy (LD). Patients with LD had significantly higher levels of triglyceride (TG) and insulin resistance compared to patients without LD. There was no significant difference in LDL-R count between patients with or without PI use. In contrast, LDL-R count was significantly lower in patients with LD compared with those without (8504 +/- 3901 vs. 13 200 +/- 4532, P = 0.001). There was no difference in LDL-R count between patients without LD and control subjects. Patients with LD had lower levels of DHEA compared to patients without LD. In HIV-infected patients, we found a significant correlation between LDL-R expression and TG (r = -0.32; P = 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (r = -0.33; P = 0.04). In contrast, we did not observe a correlation between DHEA level and LDL-R count or LDL cholesterol level. CONCLUSIONS HIV-lipodystrophy is associated with a lower expression of LDL-R. This decreased expression of LDL-R seems independent of DHEA or insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- Hôpital Universitaire du Bocage, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Piroth L, Grappin M, Petit JM, Buisson M, Duong M, Chavanet P, Portier H. Incidence of gynecomastia in men infected with HIV and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 33:559-60. [PMID: 11515774 DOI: 10.1080/00365540110026476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal study found that the incidence of gynecomastia in HIV-infected male patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy was 0.8/100 patient-years, with a prevalence of 2.8% in those treated for > or = 2 y. Even though the physiopathology remains unclear, this study suggests that gynecomastia should be monitored in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piroth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Dijon, France
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Saunier K, Barreaud JP, Eggen A, Oriol R, Levéziel H, Julien R, Petit JM. Organization of the bovine alpha 2-fucosyltransferase gene cluster suggests that the Sec1 gene might have been shaped through a nonautonomous L1-retrotransposition event within the same locus. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18:2083-91. [PMID: 11606704 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By referring to the split coding sequence of the highly conserved alpha 6-fucosyltransferase gene family (assumed to be representative of the common alpha 2 and alpha 6 fucosyltransferase gene ancestor), we have hypothesized that the monoexonic coding sequences of the present alpha 2-fucosyltransferase genes have been shaped in mammals by several events of retrotransposition and/or duplication. In order to test our hypothesis, we determined the structure of the three bovine alpha 2-fucosyltransferase genes (bfut1, bfut2, and sec1) and analyzed their characteristics compared with their human counterparts (FUT1, FUT2, and Sec1). We show that in mammals, a complex nonautonomous L1-retrotransposition event occurred within the locus of the alpha 2-fucosyltransferase ancestor gene itself. A consequence of this event was the processing in Catarrhini of a Sec1 pseudogene via several point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saunier
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale, UMR1061, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université de Limoges, Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté des Sciences Limoges, Limoges, France
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Abstract
Four ferritin genes are found within the complete sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. All of them are expressed and their corresponding cDNA species have been cloned. The polypeptide sequences deduced from these four genes confirm all the properties of the ferritin subunits described so far, non-exhaustively, from various plant species. All are predicted to be targeted to the plastids, which is consistent with the existence of a putative transit peptide at their N-terminal extremity. They also all possess a conserved extension peptide in the mature subunit. Specific residues for ferroxidase activity and iron nucleation, which are found respectively in H-type or L-type ferritin subunits in animals, are both conserved within each of the four A. thaliana ferritin polypeptides. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of the plant ferritin E-helix is conserved in the four A. thaliana ferritin subunits. Besides this strong structural conservation, the four genes are differentially expressed in response to various environmental signals, and during the course of plant growth and development. AtFer1 and AtFer3 are the two major genes expressed in response to treatment with an iron overload. Under our experimental conditions, AtFer4 is expressed with different kinetics and AtFer2 is not responsive to iron. H(2)O(2) activates the expression of AtFer1 and, to a smaller extent, AtFer3. Abscisic acid promotes the expression of only AtFer2, which is consistent with the observation that this is the only gene of the four to be expressed in seeds, whereas AtFer1, AtFer4 and AtFer3 are expressed in various vegetative organs but not in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Université Montpellier-II, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Our aims were to investigate the host and viral specific factors associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C patients. METHODS One hundred and three hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected were studied to assess the effects of HCV genotype, hepatic iron content, steatosis, hepatic fibrosis, body mass index (BMI) and family history of DM on the occurrence of DM. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was studied in 81 non-diabetic patients to determine the mechanism associated with insulin resistance in this subgroup. RESULTS Sixteen of the 123 were diabetic (13.0%). The variables predictive of DM were METAVIR fibrosis score 4 (OR, 13.16; P = 0.012), family history of diabetes (OR, 16.2; P = 0.0023), BMI (OR, 1.37; P = 0.017) and age (OR, 1.09; P = 0.002). In non-diabetic HCV-infected patients, HOMA-IR of METAVIR fibrosis score 0 and 1 patients were significantly different than score 2 and score 3/4 patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that older age, obesity, severe liver fibrosis and family history of diabetes help identify those HCV patients who might have potential risk factors for development of DM. We observed that insulin resistance in non-diabetic HCV-infected patients was related to grading of liver fibrosis, and occurs already at an early stage in the course of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Petit
- Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, Dijon, France.
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Gladman B, Kavelaars JJ, Holman M, Nicholson PD, Burns JA, Hergenrother CW, Petit JM, Marsden BG, Jacobson R, Gray W, Grav T. Discovery of 12 satellites of Saturn exhibiting orbital clustering. Nature 2001; 412:163-6. [PMID: 11449267 DOI: 10.1038/35084032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The giant planets in the Solar System each have two groups of satellites. The regular satellites move along nearly circular orbits in the planet's orbital plane, revolving about it in the same sense as the planet spins. In contrast, the so-called irregular satellites are generally smaller in size and are characterized by large orbits with significant eccentricity, inclination or both. The differences in their characteristics suggest that the regular and irregular satellites formed by different mechanisms: the regular satellites are believed to have formed in an accretion disk around the planet, like a miniature Solar System, whereas the irregulars are generally thought to be captured planetesimals. Here we report the discovery of 12 irregular satellites of Saturn, along with the determinations of their orbits. These orbits, along with the orbits of irregular satellites of Jupiter and Uranus, fall into groups on the basis of their orbital inclinations. We interpret this result as indicating that most of the irregular moons are collisional remnants of larger satellites that were fragmented after capture, rather than being captured independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gladman
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, B.P. 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.
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Duong M, Petit JM, Piroth L, Grappin M, Buisson M, Chavanet P, Hillon P, Portier H. Association between insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus chronic infection in HIV-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 27:245-50. [PMID: 11464143 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200107010-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) in the context of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is becoming more common in HIV-infected patients. Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have an increased risk of IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate whether chronic HCV infection constitutes a risk factor for IR in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients undergoing HAART. Inclusion criteria were positive HCV viremia and a sustained increase of alanine aminotransferase of at least twice the normal value. A total of 29 HIV-HCV patients, 76 HIV patients, and 121 HCV controls were tested for IR and body mass index (BMI). IR was measured using the homeostasis model assessment. In HIV-HCV and HIV patients, fat redistribution and lipid profile were assessed. There was no significant difference in age, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, or duration of HAART between the HIV-HCV and HIV groups. HIV-HCV patients and HCV controls had a significant increase in IR when compared with HIV patients (0.25 +/- 0.28 and 0.21 +/- 0.34 versus 0.04 +/- 0.37; p =.01 and p =.003, respectively). Lipoatrophy was observed more frequently in HIV-HCV patients in comparison with HIV patients (41% versus 14%; p =.003). In HIV-HCV patients, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower than in HIV patients. In multivariate analysis, IR, BMI, triglyceride levels, and peripheral fat wasting were the independent variables associated with HCV infection. Our findings suggest that chronic HCV infection is a significant factor associated with the development of metabolic abnormalities and with modifications in body composition in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, and Division of Hepatology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.
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Vergès B, Petit JM. [Blood lipid abnormalities during treatment with protease inhibitors]. Presse Med 2001; 30:911-4. [PMID: 11413853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED HYPERLIPIDEMIA: HIV-1 protease-inhibitors therapy is associated with increased levels of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a). But the understanding of hyperlipidaemia occurring in patients treated with HIV-1 protease-inhibitors is not easy since HIV infection itself is associated with lipid abnormalities and since HIV-1 protease-inhibitors therapy is also responsible for the development of a lipodystrophy syndrome (insulin resistance) which may influence lipid metabolism. However, many data indicate that HIV-1 protease-inhibitors therapy itself modifies significantly lipid metabolism. UNDERLYING MECHANISMS The mechanisms involved in HIV-1 protease-inhibitors induced hyperlipidaemia are still unclear. HIV-1 protease-inhibitors could bind to LRP (Low density lipoprotein receptor Related Protein), impairing hepatic chylomicron-remnants and VLDL uptake. They could interact with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which functions as a heterodimer with PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor). HIV-1 protease-inhibitors could also modify lipoprotein metabolism through cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpital du Bocage, F 21034 Dijon. bruno.verges@chu-dijon
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