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Sukumar SK, Antonydhason V, Molander L, Sandakly J, Kleit M, Umapathy G, Mendoza-Garcia P, Masudi T, Schlosser A, Nässel DR, Wegener C, Shirinian M, Palmer RH. The Alk receptor tyrosine kinase regulates Sparkly, a novel activity regulating neuropeptide precursor in the Drosophila central nervous system. eLife 2024; 12:RP88985. [PMID: 38904987 PMCID: PMC11196111 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous roles for the Alk receptor tyrosine kinase have been described in Drosophila, including functions in the central nervous system (CNS), however the molecular details are poorly understood. To gain mechanistic insight, we employed Targeted DamID (TaDa) transcriptional profiling to identify targets of Alk signaling in the larval CNS. TaDa was employed in larval CNS tissues, while genetically manipulating Alk signaling output. The resulting TaDa data were analyzed together with larval CNS scRNA-seq datasets performed under similar conditions, identifying a role for Alk in the transcriptional regulation of neuroendocrine gene expression. Further integration with bulk and scRNA-seq datasets from larval brains in which Alk signaling was manipulated identified a previously uncharacterized Drosophila neuropeptide precursor encoded by CG4577 as an Alk signaling transcriptional target. CG4577, which we named Sparkly (Spar), is expressed in a subset of Alk-positive neuroendocrine cells in the developing larval CNS, including circadian clock neurons. In agreement with our TaDa analysis, overexpression of the Drosophila Alk ligand Jeb resulted in increased levels of Spar protein in the larval CNS. We show that Spar protein is expressed in circadian (clock) neurons, and flies lacking Spar exhibit defects in sleep and circadian activity control. In summary, we report a novel activity regulating neuropeptide precursor gene that is regulated by Alk signaling in the Drosophila CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Vimala Antonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Linnea Molander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jawdat Sandakly
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Malak Kleit
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingWürzburgGermany
| | - Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Christian Wegener
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Neurobiology and GeneticsWürzburgGermany
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Peng D, Zheng L, Liu D, Han C, Wang X, Yang Y, Song L, Zhao M, Wei Y, Li J, Ye X, Wei Y, Feng Z, Huang X, Chen M, Gou Y, Xue Y, Zhang L. Large-language models facilitate discovery of the molecular signatures regulating sleep and activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3685. [PMID: 38693116 PMCID: PMC11063160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep, locomotor and social activities are essential animal behaviors, but their reciprocal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we elicit information from a cutting-edge large-language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, which interprets 10.2-13.8% of Drosophila genes known to regulate the 3 behaviors. We develop an instrument for simultaneous video tracking of multiple moving objects, and conduct a genome-wide screen. We have identified 758 fly genes that regulate sleep and activities, including mre11 which regulates sleep only in the presence of conspecifics, and NELF-B which regulates sleep regardless of whether conspecifics are present. Based on LLM-reasoning, an educated signal web is modeled for understanding of potential relationships between its components, presenting comprehensive molecular signatures that control sleep, locomotor and social activities. This LLM-aided strategy may also be helpful for addressing other complex scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Liubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Miaoying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yuxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xinhe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Nanjing University Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China.
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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3
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Draper IR, Roberts MA, Gailloud M, Jackson FR. Drosophila noktochor regulates night sleep via a local mushroom body circuit. iScience 2024; 27:109106. [PMID: 38380256 PMCID: PMC10877950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that a sleep-regulating, Ig-domain protein (NKT) is secreted from Drosophila mushroom body (MB) α'/β' neurons to act locally on other MB cell types. Pan-neuronal or broad MB expression of membrane-tethered NKT (tNkt) protein reduced sleep, like that of an NKT null mutant, suggesting blockade of a receptor mediating endogenous NKT action. In contrast, expression in neurons requiring NKT (the MB α'/β' cells), or non-MB sleep-regulating centers, did not reduce night sleep, indicating the presence of a local MB sleep-regulating circuit consisting of communicating neural subtypes. We suggest that the leucocyte-antigen-related like (Lar) transmembrane receptor may mediate NKT action. Knockdown or overexpression of Lar in the MB increased or decreased sleep, respectively, indicating the receptor promotes wakefulness. Surprisingly, selective expression of tNkt or knockdown of Lar in MB wake-promoting cells increased rather than decreased sleep, suggesting that NKT acts on wake- as well as sleep-promoting cell types to regulate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R. Draper
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mary A. Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Matthew Gailloud
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - F. Rob Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Tabuchi M. Dynamic neuronal instability generates synaptic plasticity and behavior: Insights from Drosophila sleep. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:1-7. [PMID: 37385545 PMCID: PMC11033711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in Drosophila and, to illustrate the power of addressing neural coding in this system, highlights a specific circuit mediating the circadian regulation of sleep quality. This circuit exhibits circadian cycling of sleep quality, which depends solely on the pattern (not the rate) of spiking. During the night, the stability of spike waveforms enhances the reliability of spike timing in these neurons to promote sleep quality. During the day, instability of the spike waveforms leads to uncertainty of spike timing, which remarkably produces synaptic plasticity to induce arousal. Investigation of the molecular and biophysical basis of these changes was greatly facilitated by its study in Drosophila, revealing direct connections between genes, molecules, spike biophysical properties, neural codes, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Furthermore, because these patterns of neural activity change with aging, this model system holds promise for understanding the interplay between the circadian clock, aging, and sleep quality. It is proposed here that neurophysiological investigations of the Drosophila brain present an exceptional opportunity to tackle some of the most challenging questions related to neural coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Zhang SL, Sengupta A, Barber A, Haynes P, Arnadottir ES, Pack A, Kibbey RG, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis Throughout the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564837. [PMID: 37961230 PMCID: PMC10634956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a central feature of behavioral and biological processes including metabolism, however, the mechanisms of metabolite cycling are poorly understood. A robust oscillation in a network of key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose is described in humans, then these pathways mechanistically probed through purpose-built 13C6-glucose isotope tracing in Drosophila every 4h. A temporal peak in biosynthesis was noted by broad labelling of pathways downstream of glucose in wild-type flies shortly following lights on. Krebs cycle labelling was generally increased in a hyperactive mutant (fumin) along with glycolysis labelling primarily observed at dawn. Surprisingly, neither underlying feeding rhythms nor the presence of food explains the rhythmicity of glucose processing across genotypes. These results are consistent with clinical data demonstrating detrimental effects of mis-timed energy intake. This approach provides a window into the dynamic range of metabolic processing ability through the day and mechanistic basis for exploring circadian metabolic homeostasis in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seth D. Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annika Barber
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Paula Haynes
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erna Sif Arnadottir
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Rodrigues NR, Macedo GE, Martins IK, Vieira PDB, Kich KG, Posser T, Franco JL. Sleep disturbance induces a modulation of clock gene expression and alters metabolism regulation in drosophila. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114334. [PMID: 37595818 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are catching attention worldwide as they can induce dyshomeostasis and health issues in all animals, including humans. Circadian rhythms are biological 24-hour cycles that influence physiology and behavior in all living organisms. Sleep is a crucial resting state for survival and is under the control of circadian rhythms. Studies have shown the influence of sleep on various pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases; however, the biological mechanisms involving the circadian clock, sleep, and metabolism regulation are not well understood. In previous work, we standardized a sleep disturbance protocol and, observed that short-time sleep deprivation and sleep-pattern alteration induce homeostatic sleep regulation, locomotor deficits, and increase oxidative stress. Now, we investigated the relationship between these alterations with the circadian clock and energetic metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the circadian clock and drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) genes and metabolic markers glucose, triglycerides, and glycogen in fruit flies subjected to short-term sleep disruption protocols. The sleep disturbance altered the expression of clock genes and DILPs genes expression, and modulated glucose, triglycerides, and glycogen levels. Moreover, we demonstrated changes in mTor/dFoxo genes, AKT phosphorylation, and dopamine levels in nocturnal light-exposed flies. Thus, our results suggest a connection between clock genes and metabolism disruption as a consequence of sleep disruption, demonstrating the importance of sleep quality in health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Brum Vieira
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Karen Gomes Kich
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalização Celular, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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7
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Li H, Aboudhiaf S, Parrot S, Scote-Blachon C, Benetollo C, Lin JS, Seugnet L. Pallidin function in Drosophila surface glia regulates sleep and is dependent on amino acid availability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113025. [PMID: 37682712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pallidin protein is a central subunit of a multimeric complex called biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC1) that regulates specific endosomal functions and has been linked to schizophrenia. We show here that downregulation of Pallidin and other members of BLOC1 in the surface glia, the Drosophila equivalent of the blood-brain barrier, reduces and delays nighttime sleep in a circadian-clock-dependent manner. In agreement with BLOC1 involvement in amino acid transport, downregulation of the large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-like transporters JhI-21 and mnd, as well as of TOR (target of rapamycin) amino acid signaling, phenocopy Pallidin knockdown. Furthermore, supplementing food with leucine normalizes the sleep/wake phenotypes of Pallidin downregulation, and we identify a role for Pallidin in the subcellular trafficking of JhI-21. Finally, we provide evidence that Pallidin in surface glia is required for GABAergic neuronal activity. These data identify a BLOC1 function linking essential amino acid availability and GABAergic sleep/wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Team WAKING, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Sami Aboudhiaf
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Team WAKING, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Parrot
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, NeuroDialyTics Facility, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Céline Scote-Blachon
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GenCyTi Facility, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Claire Benetollo
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GenCyTi Facility, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Team WAKING, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Team WAKING, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69675 Bron, France.
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8
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Liu B, Chen H. Identification and functional characterization of insulin-like peptides in a pine beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 147:104521. [PMID: 37156359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Insulin - including insulin-like peptides (ILPs), relaxins and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) - is an evolutionarily conserved hormone in all metazoans It is involved in various physiological processes, such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, lifespan and stress resistance. However, there are no reports on the functional role of ILPs in the Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi. In this study, we have cloned and identified two ILP cDNAs in D. armandi. The expression levels of DaILP1 and DaILP2 were significantly changed in different developmental stages. Both ILPs were expressed mostly in the head and fat body. Moreover, starvation induces the reduction of ILP1 mRNA level in adults and larvae, while ILP2 only in larvae of D. armandi, respectively. Additionally, RNA-interference (RNAi) using double stranded RNA to knock down ILP1 and ILP2 reduced the mRNA levels of the target genes, and caused a significant reduction in body weight of D. armandi. Moreover, silencing ILP1 led to an increase of trehalose and glycogen and significantly enhanced starvation resistance in both adults and larvae. The results show that the ILP signaling pathway plays a significant role in growth and carbohydrate metabolism of D. armandi and may provide a potential molecular target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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9
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Sleep Modulates Alcohol Toxicity in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012091. [PMID: 36292943 PMCID: PMC9603330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a significant public health problem. While considerable research has shown that alcohol use affects sleep, little is known about the role of sleep deprivation in alcohol toxicity. We investigated sleep as a factor modulating alcohol toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster, a model for studies of sleep, alcohol, and aging. Following 24 h of sleep deprivation using a paradigm that similarly affects males and females and induces rebound sleep, flies were given binge-like alcohol exposures. Sleep deprivation increased mortality, with no sex-dependent differences. Sleep deprivation also abolished functional tolerance measured at 24 h after the initial alcohol exposure, although there was no effect on alcohol absorbance or clearance. We investigated the effect of chronic sleep deprivation using mutants with decreased sleep, insomniac and insulin-like peptide 2, finding increased alcohol mortality. Furthermore, we investigated whether pharmacologically inducing sleep prior to alcohol exposure using the GABAA-receptor agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) mitigated the effects of alcohol toxicity on middle-aged flies, flies with environmentally disrupted circadian clocks, and flies with short sleep. Pharmacologically increasing sleep prior to alcohol exposure decreased alcohol-induced mortality. Thus, sleep prior to binge-like alcohol exposure affects alcohol-induced mortality, even in vulnerable groups such as aging flies and those with circadian dysfunction.
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10
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Hobin M, Dorfman K, Adel M, Rivera-Rodriguez EJ, Kuklin EA, Ma D, Griffith LC. The Drosophila microRNA bantam regulates excitability in adult mushroom body output neurons to promote early night sleep. iScience 2022; 25:104874. [PMID: 36034229 PMCID: PMC9400086 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep circuitry evolved to have both dedicated and context-dependent modulatory elements. Identifying modulatory subcircuits and understanding their molecular machinery is a major challenge for the sleep field. Previously, we identified 25 sleep-regulating microRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster, including the developmentally important microRNA bantam. Here we show that bantam acts in the adult to promote early nighttime sleep through a population of glutamatergic neurons that is intimately involved in applying contextual information to behaviors, the γ5β'2a/β'2mp/β'2mp_bilateral Mushroom Body Output Neurons (MBONs). Calcium imaging revealed that bantam inhibits the activity of these cells during the early night, but not the day. Blocking synaptic transmission in these MBONs rescued the effect of bantam knockdown. This suggests bantam promotes early night sleep via inhibition of the γ5β'2a/β'2mp/β'2mp_bilateral MBONs. RNAseq identifies Kelch and CCHamide-2 receptor as possible mediators, establishing a new role for bantam as an active regulator of sleep and neural activity in the adult fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hobin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Katherine Dorfman
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Emmanuel J. Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Elena A. Kuklin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Dingbang Ma
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Leslie C. Griffith
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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11
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Dravecz N, Shaw T, Davies I, Brown C, Ormerod L, Vu G, Walker T, Taank T, Shirras AD, Broughton SJ. Reduced Insulin Signaling Targeted to Serotonergic Neurons but Not Other Neuronal Subtypes Extends Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893444. [PMID: 35865744 PMCID: PMC9294736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced Insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) plays an evolutionarily conserved role in improving longevity and some measures of health-span in model organisms. Recent studies, however, have found a disconnection between lifespan extension and behavioral health-span. We have previously shown that reduction of IIS in Drosophila neurons extends female lifespan but does not improve negative geotaxis senescence and has a detrimental effect on exploratory walking senescence in both sexes. We hypothesize that individual neuronal subtypes respond differently to IIS changes, thus the behavioral outcomes of pan-neuronal IIS reduction are the balance of positive, negative and neutral functional effects. In order to further understand how reduced IIS in neurons independently modulates lifespan and locomotor behavioral senescence we expressed a dominant negative Insulin receptor transgene selectively in individual neuronal subtypes and measured the effects on lifespan and two measures of locomotor senescence, negative geotaxis and exploratory walking. IIS reduction in cholinergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and octopaminergic neurons was found to have either no affect or a detrimental effect on lifespan and locomotor senescence. However, reduction of IIS selectively in serotonergic neurons resulted in extension of lifespan in females with no effect on locomotor senescence. These data indicate that individual neuronal subtypes respond differently to IIS changes in the modulation of lifespan and locomotor senescence, and identify a specific role for the insulin receptor in serotonergic neurons in the modulation of lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan J. Broughton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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12
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Endocrine cybernetics: neuropeptides as molecular switches in behavioural decisions. Open Biol 2022; 12:220174. [PMID: 35892199 PMCID: PMC9326288 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This context-dependent neuromodulation is largely based on non-synaptic signalling with neuropeptides. Here, we describe select peptidergic systems in the Drosophila brain that act at different levels of a hierarchy to modulate behaviour and associated physiology. These systems modulate circuits in brain regions, such as the central complex and the mushroom bodies, which supervise specific behaviours. At the top level of the hierarchy there are small numbers of large peptidergic neurons that arborize widely in multiple areas of the brain to orchestrate or modulate global activity in a state and context-dependent manner. At the bottom level local peptidergic neurons provide executive neuromodulation of sensory gain and intrinsically in restricted parts of specific neuronal circuits. The orchestrating neurons receive interoceptive signals that mediate energy and sleep homeostasis, metabolic state and circadian timing, as well as external cues that affect food search, aggression or mating. Some of these cues can be triggers of conflicting behaviours such as mating versus aggression, or sleep versus feeding, and peptidergic neurons participate in circuits, enabling behaviour choices and switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland Würzburg 97074, Germany
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13
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Palermo J, Keene AC, DiAngelo JR. Expression of a constitutively active insulin receptor in Drosulfakinin (Dsk) neurons regulates metabolism and sleep in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101280. [PMID: 35600902 PMCID: PMC9115315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of organisms to sense their nutritional environment and adjust their behavior accordingly is critical for survival. Insulin-like peptides (ilps) play major roles in controlling behavior and metabolism; however, the tissues and cells that insulin acts on to regulate these processes are not fully understood. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, insulin signaling has been shown to function in the fat body to regulate lipid storage, but whether ilps act on the fly brain to regulate nutrient storage is not known. In this study, we manipulate insulin signaling in defined populations of neurons in Drosophila and measure glycogen and triglyceride storage. Expressing a constitutively active form of the insulin receptor (dInR) in the insulin-producing cells had no effect on glycogen or triglyceride levels. However, activating insulin signaling in the Drosulfakinin (Dsk)-producing neurons led to triglyceride accumulation and increased food consumption. The expression of ilp2, ilp3 and ilp5 was increased in flies with activated insulin signaling in the Dsk neurons, which along with the feeding phenotype, may cause the triglyceride storage phenotypes observed in these flies. In addition, expressing a constitutively active dInR in Dsk neurons resulted in decreased sleep in the fed state and less starvation-induced sleep suppression suggesting a role for insulin signaling in regulating nutrient-responsive behaviors. Together, these data support a role for insulin signaling in the Dsk-producing neurons for regulating behavior and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolism and behavior must be coordinately regulated for an animal to survive. Hormones act on the brain and peripheral tissues to control feeding and metabolism. Whether insulin acts on the Drosophila brain to maintain homeostasis is not known. Insulin signaling in Drosulfakinin (Dsk) neurons promotes triglyceride storage. Insulin pathway activation in Dsk neurons regulates sleep and feeding behavior.
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14
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Huygens C, Ribeiro Lopes M, Gaget K, Duport G, Peignier S, De Groef S, Parisot N, Calevro F, Callaerts P. Evolutionary diversification of insulin-related peptides (IRPs) in aphids and spatiotemporal distribution in Acyrthosiphon pisum. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 141:103670. [PMID: 34666188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the insulin superfamily activate the evolutionarily highly conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, involved in regulation of growth, energy homeostasis, and longevity. In the current study we focus on aphids to gain more insight into the evolution of the IRPs and how they may contribute to regulation of the insulin-signaling pathway. Using the latest annotation of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome, and combining sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses, we identified seven putative IRP encoding-genes, with IRP1-IRP4 resembling the classical insulin and insulin-like protein structures, and IRP5 and IRP6 bearing insulin-like growth factor (IGF) features. We also identified IRP11 as a new and structurally divergent IRP present in at least eight aphid genomes. Globally the ten aphid genomes analyzed in this work contain four to 15 IRPs, while only three IRPs were found in the genome of the grape phylloxera, a hemipteran insect representing an earlier evolutionary branch of the aphid group. Expression analyses revealed spatial and temporal variation in the expression patterns of the different A. pisum IRPs. IRP1 and IRP4 are expressed throughout all developmental stages and morphs in neuroendocrine cells of the brain, while IRP5 and IRP6 are expressed in the fat body. IRP2 is expressed in specific cells of the gut in aphids in non-crowded conditions and in the head of aphids under crowded conditions, IRP3 in salivary glands, and both IRP2 and IRP3 in the male morph. IRP11 expression is enriched in the carcass. This complex spatiotemporal expression pattern suggests functional diversification of the IRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huygens
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Ribeiro Lopes
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Gaget
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - G Duport
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Peignier
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S De Groef
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Parisot
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Calevro
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - P Callaerts
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KULeuven, University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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The Statin Target HMG-Coenzyme a Reductase (Hmgcr) Regulates Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010079. [PMID: 35056136 PMCID: PMC8781969 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, HMG Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, are a first-line therapy, used to reduce hypercholesterolemia and the risk for cardiovascular events. While sleep disturbances are recognized as a side-effect of statin treatment, the impact of statins on sleep is under debate. Using Drosophila, we discovered a novel role for Hmgcr in sleep modulation. Loss of pan-neuronal Hmgcr expression affects fly sleep behavior, causing a decrease in sleep latency and an increase in sleep episode duration. We localized the pars intercerebralis (PI), equivalent to the mammalian hypothalamus, as the region within the fly brain requiring Hmgcr activity for proper sleep maintenance. Lack of Hmgcr expression in the PI insulin-producing cells recapitulates the sleep effects of pan-neuronal Hmgcr knockdown. Conversely, loss of Hmgcr in a different PI subpopulation, the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) homologue-expressing neurons (DH44 neurons), increases sleep latency and decreases sleep duration. The requirement for Hmgcr activity in different neurons signifies its importance in sleep regulation. Interestingly, loss of Hmgcr in the PI does not affect circadian rhythm, suggesting that Hmgcr regulates sleep by pathways distinct from the circadian clock. Taken together, these findings suggest that Hmgcr activity in the PI is essential for proper sleep homeostasis in flies.
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16
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Bayer EA, Liberatore KM, Schneider JR, Schlesinger E, He Z, Birnbaum S, Wightman B. Insulin signaling and osmotic stress response regulate arousal and developmental progression of C. elegans at hatching. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab202. [PMID: 34788806 PMCID: PMC8733457 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of animal development from embryonic to juvenile life depends on the coordination of organism-wide responses with environmental conditions. We found that two transcription factors that function in interneuron differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans, fax-1, and unc-42, are required for arousal and progression from embryogenesis to larval life by potentiating insulin signaling. The combination of mutations in either transcription factor and a mutation in daf-2 insulin receptor results in a novel perihatching arrest phenotype; embryos are fully developed but inactive, often remaining trapped within the eggshell, and fail to initiate pharyngeal pumping. This pathway is opposed by an osmotic sensory response pathway that promotes developmental arrest and a sleep state at the end of embryogenesis in response to elevated salt concentration. The quiescent state induced by loss of insulin signaling or by osmotic stress can be reversed by mutations in genes that are required for sleep. Therefore, countervailing signals regulate late embryonic arousal and developmental progression to larval life, mechanistically linking the two responses. Our findings demonstrate a role for insulin signaling in an arousal circuit, consistent with evidence that insulin-related regulation may function in control of sleep states in many animals. The opposing quiescent arrest state may serve as an adaptive response to the osmotic threat from high salinity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Bayer
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | | | | | - Evan Schlesinger
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Zhengying He
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Susanna Birnbaum
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Bruce Wightman
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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17
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Yamaguchi ST, Tomita J, Kume K. Insulin signaling in clock neurons regulates sleep in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 591:44-49. [PMID: 34998032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep relates to numerous biological functions, including metabolism. Both dietary conditions and genes related to metabolism are known to affect sleep behavior. Insulin signaling is well conserved across species including the fruit fly and relates to both metabolism and sleep. However, the neural mechanism of sleep regulation by insulin signaling is poorly understood. Here, we report that insulin signaling in specific neurons regulates sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. We analyzed the sleep behavior of flies with the mutation in insulin-like ligands expressed in the brain and found that three insulin-like ligands participate in sleep regulation with some redundancy. We next used 21 Gal4 drivers to express a dominant-negative form of the insulin receptor (InR DN) in various neurons including circadian clock neurons, which express the clock gene, and the pars intercerebralis (PI). Inhibition of insulin signaling in the anterior dorsal neuron group 1 (DN1a) decreased sleep. Additionally, the same manipulation in PI also decreased sleep. Pan-neuronal induced expression of InR DN also decreased sleep. These results suggested that insulin signaling in DN1a and PI regulates sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho T Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Jun Tomita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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18
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Biglou SG, Bendena WG, Chin-Sang I. An overview of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Peptides 2021; 145:170640. [PMID: 34450203 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway across metazoans and is required for development, metabolism and behavior. This pathway is associated with various human metabolic disorders and cancers. Thus, model organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans provide excellent opportunities to examine the structure and function of this pathway and its influence on cellular metabolism and proliferation. In this review, we will provide an overview of human insulin and the human insulin signaling pathway and explore the recent discoveries in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our review will provide information regarding the various insulin-like peptides in model organisms as well as the conserved functions of insulin signaling pathways. Further investigation of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms could provide a promising opportunity to develop novel therapies for various metabolic disorders and insulin-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz G Biglou
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
| | - Ian Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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19
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Eddison M. A genetic screen for Drosophila social isolation mutants and analysis of sex pistol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17395. [PMID: 34462500 PMCID: PMC8405609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of forced social isolation is detrimental to well-being, yet we know little about which genes regulate susceptibility to its effects. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, social isolation induces stark changes in behavior including increased aggression, locomotor activity, and resistance to ethanol sedation. To identify genes regulating sensitivity to isolation, I screened a collection of sixteen hundred P-element insertion lines for mutants with abnormal levels of all three isolation-induced behaviors. The screen identified three mutants whose affected genes are likely central to regulating the effects of isolation in flies. One mutant, sex pistol (sxp), became extremely aggressive and resistant to ethanol sedation when socially isolated. sxp also had a high level of male–male courtship. The mutation in sxp reduced the expression of two minor isoforms of the actin regulator hts (adducin), as well as mildly reducing expression of CalpA, a calcium-dependent protease. As a consequence, sxp also had increased expression of the insulin-like peptide, dILP5. Analysis of the social behavior of sxp suggests that these minor hts isoforms function to limit isolation-induced aggression, while chronically high levels of dILP5 increase male–male courtship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eddison
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
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20
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Semaniuk U, Strilbytska O, Malinovska K, Storey KB, Vaiserman A, Lushchak V, Lushchak O. Factors that regulate expression patterns of insulin-like peptides and their association with physiological and metabolic traits in Drosophila. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 135:103609. [PMID: 34146686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and components of the insulin signaling pathway are conserved across different animal phyla. Eight ILPs (called DILPs) and two receptors, dInR and Lgr3, have been described in Drosophila. DILPs regulate varied physiological traits including lifespan, reproduction, development, feeding behavior, stress resistance and metabolism. At the same time, different conditions such as nutrition, dietary supplements and environmental factors affect the expression of DILPs. This review focuses primarily on DILP2, DILP3, and DILP5 which are produced by insulin-producing cells in the brain of Drosophila. Although they are produced by the same cells and can potentially compensate for each other, DILP2, DILP3, and DILP5 expression may be differentially regulated at the mRNA level. Thus, we summarized available data on the conditions affecting the expression profiles of these DILPs in adult Drosophila. The accumulated data indicate that transcript levels of DILPs are determined by (a) nutritional conditions such as the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, (b) carbohydrate type within the diet, (c) malnutrition or complete starvation; (d) environmental factors such as stress or temperature; (e) mutations of single peptides that induce changes in the expression of the other peptides; and (f) dietary supplements of drugs or natural substances. Furthermore, manipulation of specific genes in a cell- and tissue-specific manner affects mRNA levels for DILPs and, thereby, modulates various physiological traits and metabolism in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Karina Malinovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Volodymyr Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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21
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High fat diet induced abnormalities in metabolism, growth, behavior, and circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Life Sci 2021; 281:119758. [PMID: 34175317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current lifestyle trend has made people vulnerable to diabetes and related diseases. Years of scientific research have not been able to yield a cure to the disease completely. The current study aims to investigate a link between high-fat diet mediated diabesity and circadian rhythm in the Drosophila model and inferences that might help in establishing a cure to the dreaded disease. MAIN METHODS Several experimental methods including phenotypical, histological, biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assays were used in the study to detect obesity, diabetes, and changes in the circadian clock in the fly model. KEY FINDINGS The larva and adults of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to high-fat diet (HFD) displayed excess deposition of fat as lipid droplets and micronuclei formation in the gut, fat body, and crop. Larva and adults of HFD showed behavioral defects. The higher amount of triglyceride, glucose, trehalose in the whole body of larva and adult fly confirmed obesity-induced hyperglycemia. The overexpression of insulin gene (Dilp2) and tribble (trbl) gene expression confirmed insulin resistance in HFD adults. We also observed elevated ROS level, developmental delay, altered metal level, growth defects, locomotory rhythms, sleep fragmentation, and expression of circadian genes (per, tim, and clock) in HFD larva and adults. Thus, HFD impairs the metabolism to produce obesity, insulin resistance, disruption of clock, and circadian clock related co-mordities in D. melanogaster. SIGNIFICANCE The circadian gene expression provides an innovative perspective to understand and find a new treatment for type-II diabetes and circadian anomalies.
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22
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Millington JW, Brownrigg GP, Basner-Collins PJ, Sun Z, Rideout EJ. Genetic manipulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway activity has sex-biased effects on Drosophila body size. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkaa067. [PMID: 33793746 PMCID: PMC8063079 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila raised in nutrient-rich conditions, female body size is approximately 30% larger than male body size due to an increased rate of growth and differential weight loss during the larval period. While the mechanisms that control this sex difference in body size remain incompletely understood, recent studies suggest that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) plays a role in the sex-specific regulation of processes that influence body size during development. In larvae, IIS activity differs between the sexes, and there is evidence of sex-specific regulation of IIS ligands. Yet, we lack knowledge of how changes to IIS activity impact body size in each sex, as the majority of studies on IIS and body size use single- or mixed-sex groups of larvae and/or adult flies. The goal of our current study was to clarify the body size requirement for IIS activity in each sex. To achieve this goal, we used established genetic approaches to enhance, or inhibit, IIS activity, and quantified pupal size in males and females. Overall, genotypes that inhibited IIS activity caused a female-biased decrease in body size, whereas genotypes that augmented IIS activity caused a male-specific increase in body size. These data extend our current understanding of body size regulation by showing that most changes to IIS pathway activity have sex-biased effects, and highlights the importance of analyzing body size data according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Millington
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - George P Brownrigg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paige J Basner-Collins
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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23
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Zhang R, Du J, Zhao X, Wei L, Zhao Z. Regulation of circadian behavioural output via clock-responsive miR-276b. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:81-89. [PMID: 33131172 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that microRNAs play numerous important roles. However, the roles of some microRNAs involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep are still not well understood. In this study, we show that the miR-276b is essential for maintaining both sleep and circadian rhythm by targeting tim, npfr1 and DopR1 genes, with miR-276b deleted mutant flies sleeping more, and vice versa in miR-276b overexpressing flies. Through analysing its promoter, we found that mir-276b is responsive to CLOCK and regulates circadian rhythm through the negative feedback loop of the CLK/CYC-TIM/PER. Furthermore, miR-276b is broadly expressed in the clock neurons and the central complexes such as the mushroom body and the fan-shape body of Drosophila brain, in which up-regulation of miR-276b in tim, npfr1 and DopR1 expressing tissues significantly causes sleep decreases. This study clarifies that the mir-276b is very important for participating in regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Millington JW, Brownrigg GP, Chao C, Sun Z, Basner-Collins PJ, Wat LW, Hudry B, Miguel-Aliaga I, Rideout EJ. Female-biased upregulation of insulin pathway activity mediates the sex difference in Drosophila body size plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:e58341. [PMID: 33448263 PMCID: PMC7864645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-dependent body size plasticity differs between the sexes in most species, including mammals. Previous work in Drosophila showed that body size plasticity was higher in females, yet the mechanisms underlying increased female body size plasticity remain unclear. Here, we discover that a protein-rich diet augments body size in females and not males because of a female-biased increase in activity of the conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS). This sex-biased upregulation of IIS activity was triggered by a diet-induced increase in stunted mRNA in females, and required Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2, illuminating new sex-specific roles for these genes. Importantly, we show that sex determination gene transformer promotes the diet-induced increase in stunted mRNA via transcriptional coactivator Spargel to regulate the male-female difference in body size plasticity. Together, these findings provide vital insight into conserved mechanisms underlying the sex difference in nutrient-dependent body size plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Millington
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - George P Brownrigg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Charlotte Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Paige J Basner-Collins
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Lianna W Wat
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Bruno Hudry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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25
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Ertekin D, Kirszenblat L, Faville R, van Swinderen B. Down-regulation of a cytokine secreted from peripheral fat bodies improves visual attention while reducing sleep in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000548. [PMID: 32745077 PMCID: PMC7426065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is vital for survival. Yet under environmentally challenging conditions, such as starvation, animals suppress their need for sleep. Interestingly, starvation-induced sleep loss does not evoke a subsequent sleep rebound. Little is known about how starvation-induced sleep deprivation differs from other types of sleep loss, or why some sleep functions become dispensable during starvation. Here, we demonstrate that down-regulation of the secreted cytokine unpaired 2 (upd2) in Drosophila flies may mimic a starved-like state. We used a genetic knockdown strategy to investigate the consequences of upd2 on visual attention and sleep in otherwise well-fed flies, thereby sidestepping the negative side effects of undernourishment. We find that knockdown of upd2 in the fat body (FB) is sufficient to suppress sleep and promote feeding-related behaviors while also improving selective visual attention. Furthermore, we show that this peripheral signal is integrated in the fly brain via insulin-expressing cells. Together, these findings identify a role for peripheral tissue-to-brain interactions in the simultaneous regulation of sleep quality and attention, to potentially promote adaptive behaviors necessary for survival in hungry animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ertekin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonie Kirszenblat
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Faville
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Brown EB, Shah KD, Faville R, Kottler B, Keene AC. Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 mediates dietary regulation of sleep intensity. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008270. [PMID: 32160200 PMCID: PMC7089559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal behavior that is regulated by diverse environmental stimuli and physiological states. A defining feature of sleep is a homeostatic rebound following deprivation, where animals compensate for lost sleep by increasing sleep duration and/or sleep depth. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, exhibits robust recovery sleep following deprivation and represents a powerful model to study neural circuits regulating sleep homeostasis. Numerous neuronal populations have been identified in modulating sleep homeostasis as well as depth, raising the possibility that the duration and quality of recovery sleep is dependent on the environmental or physiological processes that induce sleep deprivation. Here, we find that unlike most pharmacological and environmental manipulations commonly used to restrict sleep, starvation potently induces sleep loss without a subsequent rebound in sleep duration or depth. Both starvation and a sucrose-only diet result in increased sleep depth, suggesting that dietary protein is essential for normal sleep depth and homeostasis. Finally, we find that Drosophila insulin like peptide 2 (Dilp2) is acutely required for starvation-induced changes in sleep depth without regulating the duration of sleep. Flies lacking Dilp2 exhibit a compensatory sleep rebound following starvation-induced sleep deprivation, suggesting Dilp2 promotes resiliency to sleep loss. Together, these findings reveal innate resilience to starvation-induced sleep loss and identify distinct mechanisms that underlie starvation-induced changes in sleep duration and depth. Sleep is nearly universal throughout the animal kingdom and homeostatic regulation represents a defining feature of sleep, where animals compensate for lost sleep by increasing sleep over subsequent time periods. Despite the robustness of this feature, the neural mechanisms regulating recovery from different types of sleep deprivation are not fully understood. Fruit flies provide a powerful model for investigating the genetic regulation of sleep, and like mammals, display robust recovery sleep following deprivation. Here, we find that unlike most stimuli that suppress sleep, sleep deprivation by starvation does not require a homeostatic rebound. These findings are likely due to flies engaging in deeper sleep during the period of partial sleep deprivation, suggesting a natural resilience to starvation-induced sleep loss. This unique resilience to starvation-induced sleep loss is dependent on Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2, revealing a critical role for insulin signaling in regulating interactions between diet and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kreesha D. Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Jackson JM, Pimsler ML, Oyen KJ, Strange JP, Dillon ME, Lozier JD. Local adaptation across a complex bioclimatic landscape in two montane bumble bee species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:920-939. [PMID: 32031739 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding evolutionary responses to variation in temperature and precipitation across species ranges is of fundamental interest given ongoing climate change. The importance of temperature and precipitation for multiple aspects of bumble bee (Bombus) biology, combined with large geographic ranges that expose populations to diverse environmental pressures, make these insects well-suited for studying local adaptation. Here, we analyzed genome-wide sequence data from two widespread bumble bees, Bombus vosnesenskii and Bombus vancouverensis, using multiple environmental association analysis methods to investigate climate adaptation across latitude and altitude. The strongest signatures of selection were observed in B. vancouverensis, but despite unique responses between species for most loci, we detected several shared responses. Genes relating to neural and neuromuscular function and ion transport were especially evident with respect to temperature variables, while genes relating to cuticle formation, tracheal and respiratory system development, and homeostasis were associated with precipitation variables. Our data thus suggest that adaptive responses for tolerating abiotic variation are likely to be complex, but that several parallels among species can emerge even for these complex traits and landscapes. Results provide the framework for future work into mechanisms of thermal and desiccation tolerance in bumble bees and a set of genomic targets that might be monitored for future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Meaghan L Pimsler
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Kennan J Oyen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Strange
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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28
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Beckwith EJ, French AS. Sleep in Drosophila and Its Context. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1167. [PMID: 31572216 PMCID: PMC6749028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent idea emerging from the study of sleep is that this key behavioural state is regulated in a complex fashion by ecologically and physiologically relevant environmental factors. This concept implies that sleep, as a behaviour, is plastic and can be regulated by external agents and changes in internal state. Drosophila melanogaster constitutes a resourceful model system to study behaviour. In the year 2000, the utility of the fly to study sleep was realised, and has since extensively contributed to this exciting field. At the centre of this review, we will discuss studies showing that temperature, food availability/quality, and interactions with conspecifics can regulate sleep. Indeed the relationship can be reciprocal and sleep perturbation can also affect feeding and social interaction. In particular, different environmental temperatures as well as gradual changes in temperature regulate when, and how much flies sleep. Moreover, the satiation/starvation status of an individual dictates the balance between sleep and foraging. Nutritional composition of diet also has a direct impact on sleep amount and its fragmentation. Likewise, aggression between males, courtship, sexual arousal, mating, and interactions within large groups of animals has an acute and long-lasting effect on sleep amount and quality. Importantly, the genes and neuronal circuits that relay information about the external environment and internal state to sleep centres are starting to be elucidated in the fly and are the focus of this review. In conclusion, sleep, as with most behaviours, needs the full commitment of the individual, preventing participation in other vital activities. A vast array of behaviours that are modulated by external and internal factors compete with the need to sleep and thus have a significant role in regulating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Beckwith
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice S French
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Barberà M, Cañas-Cañas R, Martínez-Torres D. Insulin-like peptides involved in photoperiodism in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 112:103185. [PMID: 31291597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aphids were the first animals reported as photoperiodic as their life cycles are strongly determined by the photoperiod. During the favourable seasons (characterised by long days) aphid populations consist exclusively of viviparous parthenogenetic females (known as virginoparae). Shortening of the photoperiod in autumn is perceived by aphids as the signal that anticipates the harsh season, leading to a switch in the reproductive mode giving place to the sexual morphs (oviparae females and males) that mate and lay winter-resistant (diapause-like) eggs. The molecular and cellular basis governing the switch between the two reproductive modes are far from being understood. Classical experiments identified a group of neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of the aphid brain (the so called group I of neurosecretory cells) that were essential for the development of embryos as parthenogenetic females and were thus proposed to synthesise a parthenogenesis promoting substance that was termed "virginoparin". Since insulin-like peptides (ILPs) have been implicated in the control of diapause in other insects, we investigated their involvement in aphid photoperiodism. We compared the expression of two ILPs (ILP1 and ILP4) and an Insulin receptor coding genes in A. pisum aphids reared under long- and short-day conditions. The three genes showed higher expression in long-day reared aphids. In addition, we localised the site of expression of the two ILP genes in the aphid brain. Both genes were found to be expressed in the group I of neurosecretory cells. Altogether, our results suggest that ILP1 and ILP4 play an important role in the control of the aphid life-cycle by promoting the parthenogenetic development during long-day seasons while their repression by short days would activate the sexual development. Thus we propose these ILPs correspond to the so called "virginoparin" by early bibliography. A possible connection with the circadian system is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Barberà
- Institut de Biologia Integrativa de Sistemes, Parc Cientific Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán nº 2, 46980, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Rubén Cañas-Cañas
- Institut de Biologia Integrativa de Sistemes, Parc Cientific Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán nº 2, 46980, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Torres
- Institut de Biologia Integrativa de Sistemes, Parc Cientific Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán nº 2, 46980, Paterna, València, Spain.
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30
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Algarve TD, Assmann CE, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Manica-Cattani MF, Sato-Miyata Y, Asano T, Duarte MMMF, Ribeiro EE, Aigaki T, da Cruz IBM. Guarana improves behavior and inflammatory alterations triggered by methylmercury exposure: an in vivo fruit fly and in vitro neural cells study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15069-15083. [PMID: 30915696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental pollutant associated with neurological and developmental deficits in animals and humans. However, epidemiological data showed that people living in the Amazon region although exposed to MeHg do not present these effects probably due to the protective effect of certain foods. We hypothesized here if guarana, a highly caffeinated fruit and consumed on a daily basis by Amazon people, could have some protective effect against MeHg toxicity using two complementary approaches. To assess locomotor impairment and sleep disruption, we used fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model, and to evaluate neuroinflammation, we used human SH-SY5Y neural cells by measuring inflammatory cytokines levels. Results showed that guarana had a protective effect on the locomotor activity of male fruit flies reducing the excessive sleepiness caused by MeHg and increasing daily activity. Also, guarana increased the viability of flies and attenuated neural cells mortality. In addition, guarana reduced all pro-inflammatory cytokines levels increased by MeHg, along with caspase-1, caspase -3, caspase-8, and 8-dOHG levels, whereas increased the anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels, which was decreased by MeHg. Our study provides new insights on the protective effects of guarana on the viability, locomotor activity, sleep, and activity patterns in vivo and the in vitro neuronal anti-inflammatory effect against MeHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Doeler Algarve
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil
| | - Francine Carla Cadoná
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, University of the West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tsunaki Asano
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Building 19, Room 3101, Santa Maria, RS, 97105900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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31
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Glover Z, Hodges MD, Dravecz N, Cameron J, Askwith H, Shirras A, Broughton SJ. Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related (ACER) peptidase disrupts behavioural and metabolic responses to diet in Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.194332. [PMID: 30940674 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila Acer (Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related) encodes a member of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) family of metallopeptidases that in mammals play roles in the endocrine regulation of blood homeostasis. ACE is also expressed in adipose tissue, where it is thought to play a role in metabolic regulation. Drosophila ACER is expressed in the adult fat body of the head and abdomen and is secreted into the haemolymph. Acer null mutants have previously been found to have reduced night-time sleep and greater sleep fragmentation. ACER may thus be part of a signalling system linking metabolism with sleep. To further understand the role of ACER in response to diet, we measured sleep and other nutrient-responsive phenotypes in Acer null flies under different dietary conditions. We show that loss of Acer disrupts the normal response of sleep to changes in nutrition. Other nutrient-sensitive phenotypes, including survival and glycogen storage, were also altered in the Acer mutant but lipid storage was not. Although the physiological substrate of the ACER peptidase has not been identified, an alteration of the normal nutrient-dependent control of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 5 protein in the Acer mutant suggests insulin/IGF-like signalling as a candidate pathway modulated by ACER in the nutrient-dependent control of sleep, survival and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Glover
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Matthew D Hodges
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Nikolett Dravecz
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jack Cameron
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Helen Askwith
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Alan Shirras
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Susan J Broughton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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32
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 179:101607. [PMID: 30905728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in almost all aspects of daily life, as w;1;ell as in developmental processes. We provide an update on novel neuropeptides and receptors identified in the last decade, and highlight progress in analysis of neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila. Especially exciting is the huge amount of work published on novel functions of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in Drosophila, largely due to the rapid developments of powerful genetic methods, imaging techniques and innovative assays. We critically discuss the roles of peptides in olfaction, taste, foraging, feeding, clock function/sleep, aggression, mating/reproduction, learning and other behaviors, as well as in regulation of development, growth, metabolic and water homeostasis, stress responses, fecundity, and lifespan. We furthermore provide novel information on neuropeptide distribution and organization of peptidergic systems, as well as the phylogenetic relations between Drosophila neuropeptides and those of other phyla, including mammals. As will be shown, neuropeptide signaling is phylogenetically ancient, and not only are the structures of the peptides, precursors and receptors conserved over evolution, but also many functions of neuropeptide signaling in physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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33
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Deng B, Li Q, Liu X, Cao Y, Li B, Qian Y, Xu R, Mao R, Zhou E, Zhang W, Huang J, Rao Y. Chemoconnectomics: Mapping Chemical Transmission in Drosophila. Neuron 2019; 101:876-893.e4. [PMID: 30799021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We define the chemoconnectome (CCT) as the entire set of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides, and their receptors underlying chemotransmission in an animal. We have generated knockout lines of Drosophila CCT genes for functional investigations and knockin lines containing Gal4 and other tools for examining gene expression and manipulating neuronal activities, with a versatile platform allowing genetic intersections and logic gates. CCT reveals the coexistence of specific transmitters but mutual exclusion of the major inhibitory and excitatory transmitters in the same neurons. One neuropeptide and five receptors were detected in glia, with octopamine β2 receptor functioning in glia. A pilot screen implicated 41 genes in sleep regulation, with the dopamine receptor Dop2R functioning in neurons expressing the peptides Dilp2 and SIFa. Thus, CCT is a novel concept, chemoconnectomics a new approach, and CCT tool lines a powerful resource for systematic investigations of chemical-transmission-mediated neural signaling circuits underlying behavior and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Deng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfeng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renbo Mao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Enxing Zhou
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Zhongguangchun Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China.
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34
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Regulation of Circadian Behavior by Astroglial MicroRNAs in Drosophila. Genetics 2018; 208:1195-1207. [PMID: 29487148 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a genome-wide microRNA (miRNA)-based screen to identify brain glial cell functions required for circadian behavior. To identify glial miRNAs that regulate circadian rhythmicity, we employed a collection of "miR-sponges" to inhibit miRNA function in a glia-specific manner. Our initial screen identified 20 glial miRNAs that regulate circadian behavior. We studied two miRNAs, miR-263b and miR-274, in detail and found that both function in adult astrocytes to regulate behavior. Astrocyte-specific inhibition of miR-263b or miR-274 in adults acutely impairs circadian locomotor activity rhythms with no effect on glial or clock neuronal cell viability. To identify potential RNA targets of miR-263b and miR-274, we screened 35 predicted miRNA targets, employing RNA interference-based approaches. Glial knockdown of two putative miR-274 targets, CG4328 and MESK2, resulted in significantly decreased rhythmicity. Homology of the miR-274 targets to mammalian counterparts suggests mechanisms that might be relevant for the glial regulation of rhythmicity.
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Control of Sleep Onset by Shal/K v4 Channels in Drosophila Circadian Neurons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9059-9071. [PMID: 30185460 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0777-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is highly conserved across animal species. Both wake- and sleep-promoting neurons are implicated in the regulation of wake-sleep transition at dusk in Drosophila However, little is known about how they cooperate and whether they act via different mechanisms. Here, we demonstrated that in female Drosophila, sleep onset was specifically delayed by blocking the Shaker cognate L channels [Shal; also known as voltage-gated K+ channel 4 (Kv4)] in wake-promoting cells, including large ventral lateral neurons (l-LNvs) and pars intercerebralis (PI), but not in sleep-promoting dorsal neurons (DN1s). Delayed sleep onset was also observed in males by blocking Kv4 activity in wake-promoting neurons. Electrophysiological recordings show that Kv4 channels contribute A-type currents in LNvs and PI cells, but are much less conspicuous in DN1s. Interestingly, blocking Kv4 in wake-promoting neurons preferentially increased firing rates at dusk ∼ZT13, when the resting membrane potentials and firing rates were at lower levels. Furthermore, pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is essential for the regulation of sleep onset by Kv4 in l-LNvs, and downregulation of PDF receptor (PDFR) in PI neurons advanced sleep onset, indicating Kv4 controls sleep onset via regulating PDF/PDFR signaling in wake-promoting neurons. We propose that Kv4 acts as a sleep onset controller by suppressing membrane excitability in a clock-dependent manner to balance the wake-sleep transition at dusk. Our results have important implications for the understanding and treatment of sleep disorders such as insomnia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms by which our brains reversibly switch from waking to sleep state remain an unanswered and intriguing question in biological research. In this study, we identified that Shal/Kv4, a well known voltage-gated K+ channel, acts as a controller of wake-sleep transition at dusk in Drosophila circadian neurons. We find that interference of Kv4 function with a dominant-negative form (DNKv4) in subsets of circadian neurons specifically disrupts sleep onset at dusk, although Kv4 itself does not exhibit circadian oscillation. Kv4 preferentially downregulates neuronal firings at ZT9-ZT17, supporting that it plays an essential role in wake-sleep transition at dusk. Our findings may help understand and eventually treat sleep disorders such as insomnia.
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Alvarado-Delgado A, Moran-Francia K, Perales-Ortiz G, Rodríguez MH, Lanz-Mendoza H. Ecdysis-related pleiotropic neuropeptides expression during Anopheles albimanus development. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 60:48-55. [PMID: 29689656 DOI: 10.21149/8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the transcription pattern of neuropeptides in the ontogeny of a malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles albimanus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transcription pattern of Crustacean CardioActive peptide (CCAP), corazonin, Ecdysis Triggering Hormone (ETH), allatostatin-A, orcokinin, Insulin Like Peptide 2 (ILP2), Insulin Like Peptide 5 (ILP5) and bursicon was evaluated using qPCR on larvae (1st - 4th instar), pupae and adult mosquitoes. RESULTS Unlike in other insects, transcripts of CCAP (70.8%), ETH (60.2%) and corazonin (76.5%) were expressed in 4th instar larvae, probably because these three neuropeptides are associated with the beginning of ecdysis. The neuropeptide ILP2 showed higher transcription levels in other stages and orcokinin decreased during the development of the mosquito. CONCLUSIONS The CCAP, corazonin and ETH neuropeptidesare potential targets for the design of control strategies aimed at disrupting An. albiamnus larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alvarado-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ken Moran-Francia
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Guillermo Perales-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Diabetes Type 2 Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1417528. [PMID: 29854726 PMCID: PMC5941822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1417528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a very versatile and potent model in the past few years for studies in metabolism and metabolic disorders, including diabetes types 1 and 2. Drosophila insulin signaling, despite having seven insulin-like peptides with partially redundant functions, is very similar to the human insulin pathway and has served to study many different aspects of diabetes and the diabetic state. Yet, very few studies have addressed the chronic nature of diabetes, key for understanding the full-blown disease, which most studies normally explore. One of the advantages of having Drosophila mutant viable combinations at different levels of the insulin pathway, with significantly reduced insulin pathway signaling, is that the abnormal metabolic state can be studied from the onset of the life cycle and followed throughout. In this review, we look at the chronic nature of impaired insulin signaling. We also compare these results to the results gleaned from vertebrate model studies.
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Wu B, Ma L, Zhang E, Du J, Liu S, Price J, Li S, Zhao Z. Sexual dimorphism of sleep regulated by juvenile hormone signaling in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007318. [PMID: 29617359 PMCID: PMC5909909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic phenotypes are a universal phenomenon in animals. In the model animal fruit fly Drosophila, males and females exhibit long- and short-sleep phenotypes, respectively. However, the mechanism is still a mystery. In this study, we showed that juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in regulation of sexually dimorphic sleep in Drosophila, in which gain of JH function enlarges differences of the dimorphic sleep phenotype with higher sleep in males and lower sleep in females, while loss of JH function blurs these differences and results in feminization of male sleep and masculinization of female sleep. Further studies indicate that germ cell-expressed (GCE), one of the JH receptors, mediates the response in the JH pathway because the sexually dimorphic sleep phenotypes cannot be rescued by JH hormone in a gce deletion mutant. The JH-GCE regulated sleep dimorphism is generated through the sex differentiation-related genes -fruitless (fru) and doublesex (dsx) in males and sex-lethal (sxl), transformer (tra) and doublesex (dsx) in females. These are the “switch” genes that separately control the sleep pattern in males and females. Moreover, analysis of sleep deprivation and circadian behaviors showed that the sexually dimorphic sleep induced by JH signals is a change of sleep drive and independent of the circadian clock. Furthermore, we found that JH seems to also play an unanticipated role in antagonism of an aging-induced sleep decrease in male flies. Taken together, these results indicate that the JH signal pathway is critical for maintenance of sexually dimorphic sleep by regulating sex-relevant genes. Sleep is a very important biological behavior in all animals and takes up around one third of the lifespan in many animals. In both insects and mammals (including humans), sleep differences between male and female (sexually dimorphic sleep) have been described over the past decades. However, its internal regulation mechanism is still unclear. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, sharing most sleep characteristics with humans, has been used for sleep studies as a powerful model for genetic analysis. In this study, we reported that Juvenile hormone (JH) induces completely different sleep effects between males and females with higher sleep in males and lower sleep in females, while loss of JH function blurs these differences and results in feminization of male sleep and masculinization of female sleep. Further studies indicate that the sexual dimorphism of sleep is generated through the sex differentiation-related genes regulated by JH and its receptor GCE (germ cell-expressed) signaling. Furthermore, we found that JH seems to also play an unanticipated role in aging-induced sleep changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Enyan Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey Price
- Department of Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (ZZ)
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (ZZ)
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Ly S, Pack AI, Naidoo N. The neurobiological basis of sleep: Insights from Drosophila. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:67-86. [PMID: 29391183 PMCID: PMC5845852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a biological enigma that has raised numerous questions about the inner workings of the brain. The fundamental question of why our nervous systems have evolved to require sleep remains a topic of ongoing scientific deliberation. This question is largely being addressed by research using animal models of sleep. Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the common fruit fly, exhibits a sleep state that shares common features with many other species. Drosophila sleep studies have unearthed an immense wealth of knowledge about the neuroscience of sleep. Given the breadth of findings published on Drosophila sleep, it is important to consider how all of this information might come together to generate a more holistic understanding of sleep. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the neurobiology of Drosophila sleep and explores the broader insights and implications of how sleep is regulated across species and why it is necessary for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ly
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
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40
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Hasegawa T, Tomita J, Hashimoto R, Ueno T, Kume S, Kume K. Sweetness induces sleep through gustatory signalling independent of nutritional value in a starved fruit fly. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14355. [PMID: 29084998 PMCID: PMC5662574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation reduces sleep in various animal species including humans and fruit flies. Immediate hunger and the following insufficient nutritional status resulting from starvation may affect sleep and arousal differently. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying the relationship between diet and sleep, we analysed the sleep behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster that were either starved or fed with different types of sugars. Starved flies showed longer activity bouts, short sleep bouts and a decreased arousal threshold. Non-nutritive sweeteners such as sucralose and arabinose, which are sweet but not nutritive, induced sleep in starved flies, but sleep bout length and the arousal threshold was short and decreased, respectively. On the other hand, sorbitol, which is not sweet but nutritive, did not induce sleep, but slightly increased the lowered arousal threshold. Activation of sweetness receptor expressing neurons induced sleep in starved flies. These results suggest that sweetness alone is sufficient to induce sleep in starved flies and that the nutritional status affects sleep homeostasis by decreasing the arousal threshold, which resulted in short sleep bouts in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Tomita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taro Ueno
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Toho University, Faculty of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Chung BY, Ro J, Hutter SA, Miller KM, Guduguntla LS, Kondo S, Pletcher SD. Drosophila Neuropeptide F Signaling Independently Regulates Feeding and Sleep-Wake Behavior. Cell Rep 2017; 19:2441-2450. [PMID: 28636933 PMCID: PMC5536846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of sleep-wake behavior and feeding is essential for organismal health and survival. While previous studies have isolated discrete neural loci and substrates important for either sleep or feeding, how the brain is organized to coordinate both processes with respect to one another remains poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that the Drosophila Neuropeptide F (NPF) network forms a critical component of both adult sleep and feeding regulation. Activation of NPF signaling in the brain promotes wakefulness and adult feeding, likely through its cognate receptor NPFR. Flies carrying a loss-of-function NPF allele do not suppress sleep following prolonged starvation conditions, suggesting that NPF acts as a hunger signal to keep the animal awake. NPF-expressing cells, specifically those expressing the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome, are largely responsible for changes to sleep behavior caused by NPF neuron activation, but not feeding, demonstrating that different NPF neurons separately drive wakefulness and hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Ro
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sabine A Hutter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kylie M Miller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Guduguntla
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shu Kondo
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Scott D Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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42
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Genes and neural circuits for sleep of the fruit fly. Neurosci Res 2017; 118:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Circadian Rhythm Neuropeptides in Drosophila: Signals for Normal Circadian Function and Circadian Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040886. [PMID: 28430154 PMCID: PMC5412466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. During more than four decades, the intrinsic and exogenous regulations of circadian rhythm have been studied. This review summarizes the core endogenous oscillation in Drosophila and then focuses on the neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and hormones that mediate its outputs and integration in Drosophila and the links between several of these (pigment dispersing factor (PDF) and insulin-like peptides) and neurodegenerative disease. These signaling molecules convey important network connectivity and signaling information for normal circadian function, but PDF and insulin-like peptides can also convey signals that lead to apoptosis, enhanced neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in flies carrying circadian mutations or in a senescent state.
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44
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Barber AF, Erion R, Holmes TC, Sehgal A. Circadian and feeding cues integrate to drive rhythms of physiology in Drosophila insulin-producing cells. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2596-2606. [PMID: 27979876 PMCID: PMC5204352 DOI: 10.1101/gad.288258.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barber et al. show that Drosophila insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are functionally connected to the central circadian clock circuit via DN1 neurons. Insulin mediates circadian output by regulating the rhythmic expression of a metabolic gene (sxe2) in the fat body. The activity of IPCs and the rhythmic expression of sxe2 are additionally regulated by feeding. Circadian clocks regulate much of behavior and physiology, but the mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly understood. While cyclic gene expression is thought to underlie metabolic rhythms, little is known about cycles in cellular physiology. We found that Drosophila insulin-producing cells (IPCs), which are located in the pars intercerebralis and lack an autonomous circadian clock, are functionally connected to the central circadian clock circuit via DN1 neurons. Insulin mediates circadian output by regulating the rhythmic expression of a metabolic gene (sxe2) in the fat body. Patch clamp electrophysiology reveals that IPCs display circadian clock-regulated daily rhythms in firing event frequency and bursting proportion under light:dark conditions. The activity of IPCs and the rhythmic expression of sxe2 are additionally regulated by feeding, as demonstrated by night feeding-induced changes in IPC firing characteristics and sxe2 levels in the fat body. These findings indicate circuit-level regulation of metabolism by clock cells in Drosophila and support a role for the pars intercerebralis in integrating circadian control of behavior and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika F Barber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Renske Erion
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Di Cara F, King-Jones K. The Circadian Clock Is a Key Driver of Steroid Hormone Production in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2469-2477. [PMID: 27546572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological clocks allow organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes such as temperature fluctuations, abundance of daylight, and nutrient availability. Many circadian-controlled physiological states are coordinated by the release of systemically acting hormones, including steroids and insulin [1-7]. Thus, hormones relay circadian outputs to target tissues, and disrupting these endocrine rhythms impairs human health by affecting sleep patterns, energy homeostasis, and immune functions [8-10]. It is largely unclear, however, whether circadian circuits control hormone levels indirectly via central timekeeping neurons or whether peripheral endocrine clocks can modulate hormone synthesis directly. We show here that perturbing the circadian clock, specifically in the major steroid hormone-producing gland of Drosophila, the prothoracic gland (PG), unexpectedly blocks larval development due to an inability to produce sufficient steroids. This is surprising, because classic circadian null mutants are viable and result in arrhythmic adults [4, 11-14]. We found that Timeless and Period, both core components of the insect clock [15], are required for transcriptional upregulation of steroid hormone-producing enzymes. Timeless couples the circadian machinery directly to the two canonical pathways that regulate steroid synthesis in insects, insulin and PTTH signaling [16], respectively. Activating insulin signaling directly modulates Timeless function, suggesting that the local clock in the PG is normally synced with systemic insulin cues. Because both PTTH and systemic insulin signaling are themselves under circadian control, we conclude that de-synchronization of a local endocrine clock with external circadian cues is the primary cause for steroid production to fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, 5-19 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Abstract
Sleep disorders in humans are increasingly appreciated to be not only widespread but also detrimental to multiple facets of physical and mental health. Recent work has begun to shed light on the mechanistic basis of sleep disorders like insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and a host of others, but a more detailed genetic and molecular understanding of how sleep goes awry is lacking. Over the past 15 years, studies in Drosophila have yielded new insights into basic questions regarding sleep function and regulation. More recently, powerful genetic approaches in the fly have been applied toward studying primary human sleep disorders and other disease states associated with dysregulated sleep. In this review, we discuss the contribution of Drosophila to the landscape of sleep biology, examining not only fundamental advances in sleep neurobiology but also how flies have begun to inform pathological sleep states in humans.
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47
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Williams MJ, Perland E, Eriksson MM, Carlsson J, Erlandsson D, Laan L, Mahebali T, Potter E, Frediksson R, Benedict C, Schiöth HB. Recurrent Sleep Fragmentation Induces Insulin and Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Middle-Aged Flies. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:180. [PMID: 27531979 PMCID: PMC4969361 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of quality sleep increases central nervous system oxidative stress and impairs removal of neurotoxic soluble metabolites from brain parenchyma. During aging poor sleep quality, caused by sleep fragmentation, increases central nervous system cellular stress. Currently, it is not known how organisms offset age-related cytotoxic metabolite increases in order to safeguard neuronal survival. Furthermore, it is not understood how age and sleep fragmentation interact to affect oxidative stress protection pathways. We demonstrate sleep fragmentation increases systems that protect against oxidative damage and neuroprotective endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones, as well as neuronal insulin and dopaminergic expression in middle-aged Drosophila males. Interestingly, even after sleep recovery the expression of these genes was still upregulated in middle-aged flies. Finally, sleep fragmentation generates higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in middle-aged flies and after sleep recovery these levels remain significantly higher than in young flies. The fact that neuroprotective pathways remain upregulated in middle-aged flies beyond sleep fragmentation suggests it might represent a strong stressor for the brain during later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Williams
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Perland
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikaela M Eriksson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef Carlsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Erlandsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Loora Laan
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tabusi Mahebali
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ella Potter
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frediksson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Williams MJ, Wiemerslage L, Gohel P, Kheder S, Kothegala LV, Schiöth HB. Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure Disrupts Evolutionarily Conserved Insulin and Glucagon-Like Signaling in Drosophila Males. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2309-21. [PMID: 27100621 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate diesters are commonly used as industrial plasticisers, as well as in cosmetics and skin care products, as a result people are constantly exposed to these xenobiotics. Recent epidemiological studies have found a correlation between circulating phthalate levels and type 2 diabetes, whereas animal studies indicate that phthalates are capable of disrupting endocrine signaling. Nonetheless, how phthalates interfere with metabolic function is still unclear. Here, we show that feeding Drosophila males the xenobiotic dibutyl phthalate (DBP) affects conserved insulin- and glucagon-like signaling. We report that raising flies on food containing DBP leads to starvation resistance, increased lipid storage, hyperglycemia, and hyperphagia. We go on to show that the starvation-resistance phenotype can be rescued by overexpression of the glucagon analogue adipokinetic hormone (Akh). Furthermore, although acute DBP exposure in adult flies is able to affect insulin levels, only chronic feeding influences Akh expression. We establish that raising flies on DBP-containing food or feeding adults DBP food affects the expression of homologous genes involved in xenobiotic and lipid metabolism (AHR [Drosophila ss], NR1I2 [Hr96], ABCB1 [MDR50], ABCC3 [MRP], and CYP3A4 [Cyp9f2]). Finally, we determined that the expression of these genes is also influenced by Akh. Our results provide comprehensive evidence that DBP can disrupt metabolism in Drosophila males, by regulating genes involved in glucose, lipid, and xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Williams
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lyle Wiemerslage
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Priya Gohel
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sania Kheder
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lakshmi V Kothegala
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Watanabe K, Sakai T. Knockout mutations of insulin-like peptide genes enhance sexual receptivity in Drosophila virgin females. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:237-41. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Takaomi Sakai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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