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Guan Y, Wei X, Li J, Zhu Y, Luo P, Luo M. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: recent advances in inflammatory mechanisms and related treatments. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:819-839. [PMID: 38427925 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy, which is an obesity-triggered kidney damage, has become a significant threat to human health. Several studies have recently highlighted the critical role of inflammation in obesity-related glomerulopathy development. Additionally, excess adipose tissue and adipocytes in patients with obesity produce various inflammatory factors that cause systemic low-grade inflammation with consequent damage to vascular endothelial cells, exacerbating glomerular injury. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of obesity-related glomerulopathy and addressed the critical role of obesity-induced chronic inflammation in obesity-related glomerulopathy pathogenesis and progression, which leads to tubular damage and proteinuria, ultimately impairing renal function. The relationship between obesity and obesity-related glomerulopathy is facilitated by a network of various inflammation-associated cells (including macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells) and a series of inflammatory mediators (such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) and their inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, we discuss a recently discovered relationship between micronutrients and obesity-related glomerulopathy inflammation and the important role of micronutrients in the body's anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, assessing these inflammatory molecules and pathways will provide a strong theoretical basis for developing therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory effects to prevent or delay the onset of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Guan
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xianping Wei
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jicui Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziquiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Di Paola A, Marrapodi MM, Pota E, Colucci Cante R, Rana D, Giliberti G, Di Feo G, Ahmed S, Roberti D, Nigro R, Rossi F, Argenziano M. Role of Nutraceuticals in Counteracting Inflammation in In Vitro Macrophages Obtained from Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:714. [PMID: 38398105 PMCID: PMC10886672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of anti-cancer therapies has markedly improved the survival rate of children with cancer, making them long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Nevertheless, these treatments cause a low-grade inflammatory state, determining inflamm-aging and, thus, favoring the early onset of chronic diseases normally associated with old age. Identification of novel and safer therapeutic strategies is needed to counteract and prevent inflamm-aging. Macrophages are cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses, with a pivotal role in iron metabolism, which is related to inflammation. We obtained macrophages from CCS patients and evaluated their phenotype markers, inflammatory states, and iron metabolism by Western blotting, ELISA, and iron assays. We observed a strong increase in classically activated phenotype markers (M1) and iron metabolism alteration in CCS, with an increase in intracellular iron concentration and inflammatory markers. These results suggest that the prevalence of M1 macrophages and alteration of iron metabolism could be involved in the worsening of inflammation in CCS. Therefore, we propose macrophages and iron metabolism as novel therapeutic targets to counteract inflamm-aging. To avoid toxic regimens, we tested some nutraceuticals (resveratrol, curcumin, and oil-enriched lycopene), which are already known to exert anti-inflammatory properties. After their administration, we observed a macrophage switch towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype M2, as well as reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines and the intracellular iron concentration. Therefore, we suggest-for the first time-that nutraceuticals reduce inflammation in CCS macrophages through a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, modulating iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Elvira Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Rosa Colucci Cante
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Deeksha Rana
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Giliberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Feo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Roberto Nigro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.P.); (M.M.M.); (E.P.); (G.D.F.); (D.R.); (M.A.)
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3
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Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1061353. [PMID: 37179836 PMCID: PMC10166825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is linked to comorbidities and risk factors, consolidating the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and some types of cancer. In this context, the role of macrophages is highlighted as a marker of inflammation as well as for the high power of plasticity of these cells. Macrophages can be activated in a wide range between classical or proinflammatory, named M1, and alternative or anti-inflammatory, also known as M2 polarization. All nuances between M1 and M2 macrophages orchestrate the immune response by secreting different sets of chemokines, while M1 cells promote Th1 response, the M2 macrophages recruit Th2 and Tregs lymphocytes. In turn, physical exercise has been a faithful tool in combating the proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages. This review proposes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms in which physical exercise can help control inflammation and infiltration of macrophages within the non-communicable diseases scope. During obesity progress, proinflammatory macrophages predominate in adipose tissue inflammation, which reduces insulin sensitivity until the development of type 2 diabetes, progression of atherosclerosis, and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this case, physical activity restores the balance between the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio, reducing the level of meta-inflammation. In the case of cancer, the tumor microenvironment is compatible with a high level of hypoxia, which contributes to the advancement of the disease. However, exercise increases the level of oxygen supply, favoring macrophage polarization in favor of disease regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu O. M. Callegari
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Tang L, Kang S, Yan W, Yu Y, Li J, Wang W, Ma Z, Fan X, Sun L. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces liver inflammation caused by fatigue exercise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1375. [PMID: 36859127 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to have many benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting angiogenesis, and so on. So, can exercise fatigue induced liver inflammation be effectively relieved by LIPUS? If possible, what is the possible mechanism? This study first investigated the effect of different intensity exercise on liver inflammation. Rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, exercise fatigue group, and aerobic exercise group. The results showed that aerobic exercise increases both anti-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory factors, while fatigue exercise decreases anti-inflammatory factors and increases pro-inflammatory factors, leading to severe liver injury and fibrosis. Then, we investigated the therapeutic effect of LIPUS on liver inflammation caused by exercise fatigue. Starting from the 6th week, the liver was irradiated with LIPUS of 80 mW/cm2 for 20 min/d after daily exercise for 7 weeks. The results showed that LIPUS significantly decreased liver injury and fibrosis, significantly up-regulated the expression of STAT6, IL-13, and its receptors IL-13Rα1, and down regulated the expression of NF-κBp65 in exercise fatigue rats. These results indicate that LIPUS can reduce fatigue-induced liver inflammation, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the IL-13/STAT6/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sufang Kang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenkang Yan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wanzhao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhanke Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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5
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Zhang X, Liu W. Engineering Injectable Anti‐Inflammatory Hydrogels to Treat Acute Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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Asano K, Nakamura T, Funakoshi K. Early mobilization in spinal cord injury promotes changes in microglial dynamics and recovery of motor function. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:366-376. [PMID: 35586775 PMCID: PMC9108724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the acute phase of spinal cord injury, the initial injury triggers secondary damage due to neuroinflammation, leading to the formation of cavities and glial scars that impair nerve regeneration. Following injuries to the central nervous system, early mobilization promotes the recovery of physical function. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of early mobilization on motor function recovery and neuroinflammation in rats. Early mobilization of rats with complete spinal cord transection resulted in good recovery of hindlimb motor function after 3 weeks. At 1 week after spinal cord injury, the early-mobilized rats expressed fewer inflammatory M1 microglia/macrophages and more anti-inflammatory M2 microglia. In addition, significantly more matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-positive cells were observed at the lesion site 1 week after injury in the early-mobilized rats. Multiple labeling studies suggested that many MMP2-positive cells were M2 microglia. MMP9-positive cells that highly co-expressed GFAP were also observed more frequently in the early-mobilized rats. The density of growth-associated protein-positive structures in the lesion center was significantly higher in the early-mobilized rats at 3 weeks after spinal cord injury. The present results suggest that early mobilization after spinal cord injury reduced the production of M1 microglia/macrophages while increasing the production of M2 microglia at the lesion site. Early mobilization might also activate the expression of MMP2 in M2 microglia and MMP9 in astrocytes. These cellular dynamics might suppress neuroinflammation at the lesion site, thereby inhibiting the progression of tissue destruction and promoting nerve regeneration to recover motor function. Early mobilization effected on motor function recovery in spinal cord injury rat. Early mobilization suppressed neuroinflammation by M1 microglial reduction. Early mobilization activated expression of MMP2 in microglia cells. Inhibit of neuroinflammation resulted smaller spinal cord injury lesion center. Inhibit of neuroinflammation resulted increase the regenerating axon.
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Quarta S, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Santarpino G, Damiano F, Siculella L, Wabitsch M, Verri T, Favari C, Del Rio D, Mena P, De Caterina R, Massaro M. Coffee Bioactive N-Methylpyridinium Attenuates Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Mediated Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Human Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101545. [PMID: 34680177 PMCID: PMC8534185 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although coffee consumption has been historically associated with negative health outcomes, recent evidence suggests a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes among regular coffee drinkers. Among the plethora of minor organic compounds assessed as potential mediators of coffee health benefits, trigonelline and its pyrolysis product N-methylpyridinium (NMP) were preliminary shown to promote glucose uptake and exert anti-adipogenic properties. Against this background, we aimed at characterizing the effects of trigonelline and NMP in inflamed and dysfunctional human adipocytes. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were treated with NMP or, for comparison, trigonelline, for 5 h before stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. NMP at concentrations as low as 1 µmol/L reduced the stimulated expression of several pro-inflammatory mediators, including C-C Motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, C-X-C Motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, and intercellular adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1, but left the induction of prostaglandin G/H synthase (PTGS)2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and colony stimulating factor (CSF)1 unaffected. Furthermore, NMP restored the downregulated expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ). These effects were functionally associated with downregulation of the adhesion of monocytes to inflamed adipocytes. Under the same conditions, NMP also reversed the TNF-α-mediated suppression of insulin-stimulated Ser473 Akt phosphorylation and attenuated the induction of TNF-α-stimulated lipolysis restoring cell fat content. In an attempt to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms of its action, we show that NMP restores the expression of the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and downregulates activation of the pro-inflammatory mitogen-activated protein jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In conclusion, NMP reduces adipose dysfunction in pro-inflammatory activated adipocytes. These data suggest that bioactive NMP in coffee may improve the inflammatory and dysmetabolic milieu associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Quarta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.Q.); (F.D.); (L.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Santarpino
- Cardiovascular Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
- GVM Care & Research, Città di Lecce Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.Q.); (F.D.); (L.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.Q.); (F.D.); (L.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.Q.); (F.D.); (L.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (D.D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (D.D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (D.D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.D.C.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-050-996-751 (R.D.C.); +39-083-229-8860 (M.M.)
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.C.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-050-996-751 (R.D.C.); +39-083-229-8860 (M.M.)
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Altherr E, Rainwater A, Kaviani D, Tang Q, Güler AD. Long-term high fat diet consumption reversibly alters feeding behavior via a dopamine-associated mechanism in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113470. [PMID: 34280463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a costly, global epidemic that is perpetuated by an unhealthy diet. A significant factor in the initial consumption and maintenance of an unhealthy diet is the abundance of highly palatable, calorically dense foods. The aim of the present study is to better understand the effects of high fat diet (HFD) consumption on food valuation and preference, and to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects. By using a novel food preference assay, we found that prolonged consumption of a HFD diminishes preference for and consumption of the more calorically dense food choice when two lab diets are presented. Additionally, we demonstrated that prolonged HFD consumption dampens ventral tegmental c-fos induction during hedonic feeding, implicating the mesolimbic dopamine signaling pathway as a target of HFD. Notably, both the changes in food preference and this reduced c-fos induction were reversed during withdrawal from HFD. Further, HFD-induced alterations in food preference were attenuated by exercise. Our findings suggest that prolonged HFD consumption leads to anhedonia and altered feeding choices, and this is associated with changes in mesolimbic dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett Altherr
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Aundrea Rainwater
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Darian Kaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Qijun Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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9
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Fredrickson G, Barrow F, Dietsche K, Parthiban P, Khan S, Robert S, Demirchian M, Rhoades H, Wang H, Adeyi O, Revelo XS. Exercise of high intensity ameliorates hepatic inflammation and the progression of NASH. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101270. [PMID: 34118476 PMCID: PMC8255932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a wide spectrum of liver pathology ranging from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Notably, immune cell-driven inflammation is a key mechanism in the transition from fatty liver to the more serious NASH. Although exercise training is effective in ameliorating obesity-related diseases, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise remain unclear. It is unknown whether there is an optimal modality and intensity of exercise to treat NAFLD. The objective of this study was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MIT) is more effective at ameliorating the progression of NASH. Methods Wild-type mice were fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 6 weeks and left sedentary (SED) or assigned to either an MIT or HIIT regimen using treadmill running for an additional 16 weeks. MIT and HIIT groups were pair-fed to ensure that energy intake was similar between the exercise cohorts. To determine changes in whole-body metabolism, we performed insulin and glucose tolerance tests, indirect calorimetry, and magnetic resonance imaging. NASH progression was determined by triglyceride accumulation, expression of inflammatory genes, and histological assessment of fibrosis. Immune cell populations in the liver were characterized by cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and progenitor populations within the bone marrow were assessed by flow cytometry. Finally, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of the liver by bulk RNA sequencing. Results Compared with SED mice, both HIIT and MIT suppressed weight gain, improved whole-body metabolic parameters, and ameliorated the progression of NASH by reducing hepatic triglyceride levels, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, HIIT was superior to MIT at reducing adiposity, improving whole-body glucose tolerance, and ameliorating liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, without any changes in body weight. Improved NASH progression in HIIT mice was accompanied by a substantial decrease in the frequency of pro-inflammatory infiltrating, monocyte-derived macrophages in the liver and reduced myeloid progenitor populations in the bone marrow. Notably, an acute bout of MIT or HIIT exercise had no effect on the intrahepatic and splenic immune cell populations. In addition, bulk mRNA sequencing of the entire liver tissue showed a pattern of gene expression confirming that HIIT was more effective than MIT in improving liver inflammation and lipid biosynthesis. Conclusions Our data suggest that exercise lessens hepatic inflammation during NASH by reducing the accumulation of hepatic monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages and bone marrow precursor cells. Our findings also indicate that HIIT is superior to MIT in ameliorating the disease in a dietary mouse model of NASH. High-intensity is more effective than moderate-intensity exercise at reducing NASH. High-intensity exercise lowers the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages in the liver. Reduced macrophage accumulation was associated with lower progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Fredrickson
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katrina Dietsche
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Preethy Parthiban
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sacha Robert
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maya Demirchian
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hailey Rhoades
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Oyedele Adeyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xavier S Revelo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Blood Profile of Cytokines, Chemokines, Growth Factors, and Redox Biomarkers in Response to Different Protocols of Treadmill Running in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218071. [PMID: 33137990 PMCID: PMC7663152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both positive and negative aspects of sport performance are currently considered. The aim of our study was to determine time- and intensity-dependent effects of a single exercise bout on redox and inflammatory status. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats subjected to treadmill running for 30 min with the speed of 18 m/min (M30) or 28 m/min (F30), or for 2 h with the speed of 18 m/min (M120). Immunoenzymatic and spectrophotometric methods were applied to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, the antioxidant barrier, redox status, oxidative damage products, nitrosative stress, and their relationships with plasma non-esterified fatty acids. Treadmill running caused a reduction in the content of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) and nitric oxide (M30, M120, F30 groups) as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (M30, F30 groups). We also demonstrated an increase in catalase activity as well as higher levels of reduced glutathione, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde (M30, M120, F30 groups), and advanced glycation end products (F30 group). The presented findings showed the activation of antioxidative defense in response to increased reactive oxygen species' production after a single bout of exercise, but it did not prevent oxidative damage of macromolecules.
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12
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Wasityastuti W, Habib NA, Sari DCR, Arfian N. Effects of low and moderate treadmill exercise on liver of d-galactose-exposed aging rat model. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14279. [PMID: 31724278 PMCID: PMC6854106 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases liver susceptibility to diseases and it causes inflammation in liver tissue which can lead to fibrosis. Studies suggest that aging is caused by the accumulation of free radicals. Lack of physical activity can lower hormone levels and increase free radicals that can accelerate the aging process. Hence, physical activity is very important to maintain functions of organs. This research was aimed to study the effects of low and moderate treadmill exercise on d‐Galactose‐exposed aging rat model by evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis, number of M1 and M2, and M1/M2 ratio. Twenty‐four 3‐month‐old male Wistar aging model rats were randomly divided into four groups, that is, three treatment groups with daily 300 mg kgBW−1d‐Galactose injection administrated intraperitoneally for 4 weeks and 1 control group with normal saline injection. Two of the d‐Galactose treated groups were given low and moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. It was concluded that low intensity treadmill exercise significantly lowered the degree of d‐Galactose‐exposed hepatic fibrosis, and moderate treadmill exercise was able to restore the injured liver tissue back to the non‐aging state. Administration of d‐Galactose causes inflammation marked by the elevated number of M1 and M2 macrophages. Moderate treadmill exercise drove M1/M2 ratio back to the control condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Wasityastuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurfatma A Habib
- Master in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi C R Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Shanaki M, Khosravi M, Khoshdooni-Farahani A, Dadashi A, Heydari MF, Delfan M, Jafary H, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S. High-Intensity Interval Training Reversed High-Fat Diet-Induced M1-Macrophage Polarization in Rat Adipose Tissue via Inhibition of NOTCH Signaling. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:165-174. [PMID: 32231438 PMCID: PMC7085339 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s237049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is accumulating evidence on the beneficial effect of exercise intervention in the management of metabolic disorders; however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, the current study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on serum and adipose-tissue markers of M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Methods A total of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal chow (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=35). Then, rats receiving the HFD were randomly divided into four groups. Training programs were performed for 5 days/week over 10 weeks. The CET protocol included 30 minutes running at 50%–60% of VO2max. The HIIT protocol consisted of five repeated intervals of 2-minute sprints on the treadmill at 80%–90% VO2max workload with 1 minute's 30%–35% VO2max interval for each rat. Then, biochemical parameters were assessed. Macrophage-polarization markers were assessed at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Both exercise-training programs, especially HIIT, reversed increased serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and hsCRP), M1-polarization markers (circulating IL6, TNFα, and adipose-tissue mRNA expression of IL6, TNFα and iNOS), M2 markers (CD206, CD163, and IL10 expression), as well as pIκKB, pNFκB, and NICD expression in HFD-induced diabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that despite devoting less time, the HIIT workout is a more effective intervention for diabetes management. Moreover, HIIT reverses HFD-induced macrophage polarization by targeting the NFκB and NOTCH signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Dadashi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Heydari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shabani M, Sadeghi A, Hosseini H, Teimouri M, Babaei Khorzoughi R, Pasalar P, Meshkani R. Resveratrol alleviates obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation via decreasing M1 macrophage polarization and increasing the regulatory T cell population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3791. [PMID: 32123188 PMCID: PMC7052230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol was reported to inhibit inflammatory responses; however, the role of this polyphenol in obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation remains unknown. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) were treated with resveratrol for 16 weeks. Resveratrol treatment decreased macrophage infiltration into skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. Resveratrol also led to the polarization of macrophages to the M2 direction, as well as decreasing the expression of a number of M1 pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)]. In addition, increased infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) was found following resveratrol treatment in skeletal muscle of mice. Decreased intramyocellular lipid deposition was associated with reduced expression levels of toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in resveratrol treated mice. We also found that diminished inflammation in skeletal muscle following resveratrol treatment was accompanied by increasing phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreasing phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol ameliorates inflammation in skeletal muscle of HFD-induced model of obesity. Therefore, resveratrol might represent a potential treatment for attenuation of inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran.
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15
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Hajighasem A, Farzanegi P, Mazaheri Z. Effects of combined therapy with resveratrol, continuous and interval exercises on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in the liver of old rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:142-149. [PMID: 29463133 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1441872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. OBJECTIVE Effects of combined therapy with resveratrol, interval and continuous exercises on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver of rats with NAFLD. METHODS NAFLD rats were organised in patient, saline, resveratrol (RSV), continuous exercise, interval exercise, continuous exercise + RSV, and interval exercise + RSV groups. RESULTS Resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with interval and continuous training significantly decreased malondialdehyde and TNF-α level (p < .05), while the levels of catalase; superoxide dismutase and IL-10 were significantly increased (p < .05). Although RSV alone significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (17.12%), its combination with interval (10.74%), and continuous (14.85%) exercise training demonstrated higher anti-apoptotic activity (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although resveratrol alone has an antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, combined therapy with interval, and continuous training can be more effective to mitigate these abnormalities in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hajighasem
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch , Islamic Azad University , Sari , Iran
| | - Parvin Farzanegi
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch , Islamic Azad University , Sari , Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- b Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Farzanegi P, Dana A, Ebrahimpoor Z, Asadi M, Azarbayjani MA. Mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Roles of oxidative stress and inflammation. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:994-1003. [PMID: 30732555 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1571114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Farzanegi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Dana
- Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Ebrahimpoor
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
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The Effects of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030535. [PMID: 30695995 PMCID: PMC6387422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, also known as 3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, is a natural polyphenol that occurs as a phytoalexin. It is produced by plant sources such as grapes, apples, blueberries, plums, peanuts, and other oilseeds. This compound has a variety of effects on human health and diseases. This review summarizes the mounting evidence that resveratrol is helpful in treating metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Resveratrol can be provided either early as a reprogramming agent or later as part of treatment. A few of the main mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of resveratrol on metabolic syndrome are outlined. This review also discusses the potential of resveratrol derivatives as a complementary or alternative medicine. In conclusion, resveratrol could be a useful regimen for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its related conditions.
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18
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Fukushima H, Yamashina S, Arakawa A, Taniguchi G, Aoyama T, Uchiyama A, Kon K, Ikejima K, Watanabe S. Formation of p62-positive inclusion body is associated with macrophage polarization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:757-767. [PMID: 29473277 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatic inclusion composed of autophagy-specific substrate p62 is one of the histological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can be a precursor to hepatic carcinogenesis. The expression of p62 was enhanced by not only autophagic dysfunction but also oxidative stress and inflammation. M1/M2 phenotypic balance of macrophages plays a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. We evaluated the correlation between macrophage polarization and the formation of p62 aggregation in NAFLD. METHODS Liver biopsy specimens from NAFLD patients were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for M1 macrophage marker CD11c, M2 macrophage marker CD163, and p62/SQSTM1 (p62). The histological severity of NAFLD is assessed by a NAFLD activity score (NAS). The number of autophagic vesicles in hepatocytes was visualized and counted by using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The aggregation of p62 was undetectable in control, whereas hepatocytes with p62 aggregation were observed in approximately 88% of NAFLD specimens. The number of hepatocytes with p62 aggregation was positively correlated with the number of autophagic vesicles, serum alanine aminotransferase, NAS, fibrosis, and the number of CD11c-positive cells, but not CD163-positive cells. Assembly of CD11c-positive cells was observed around hepatocytes with p62 aggregation. The ratio of CD11c/CD163-positive macrophages was significantly associated with the formation of p62 aggregation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that chronic inflammation by M1-polarization of macrophages contributes to the disease progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in concert with autophagic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arakawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gentaro Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Appari M, Channon KM, McNeill E. Metabolic Regulation of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Function in Obesity and Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:297-312. [PMID: 28661198 PMCID: PMC6012981 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic activation of inflammatory pathways that are important mechanistic links between insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. The development of these metabolic diseases is associated with changes in both the number and phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Emerging lines of evidence have shown that ATMs release proinflammatory cytokines similar to classically activated M1 macrophages, which directly contribute to IR or T2D. In contrast, adipose tissue (AT) from lean healthy individuals contains macrophages with a less inflammatory M2 phenotype. Recent Advances: Recent research has shown that macrophage phenotype is linked to profound changes in macrophage cellular metabolism. CRITICAL ISSUES This review focuses on the role of macrophages in AT inflammation and obesity, and the metabolic changes in macrophage function that occur with activation that underpin their role in the pathogenesis of IR and T2D. We highlight current targets for altering macrophage metabolism from both within the field of metabolic disease and AT biology and more widely within inflammatory biology. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As our knowledge of macrophage metabolic programming in AT builds, there will be increasing scope for targeting this aspect of macrophage biology as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 297-312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Appari
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen McNeill
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Status Epilepticus due to Intraperitoneal Injection of Vehicle Containing Propylene Glycol in Sprague Dawley Rats. Vet Med Int 2017; 2017:1757059. [PMID: 28785508 PMCID: PMC5529644 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1757059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Published reports of status epilepticus due to intraperitoneal injection containing propylene glycol in rats are sparse. In fact, there are no reports specifying a maximum safe dose of propylene glycol through intraperitoneal administration. We report here a case of unexpected seizures in Sprague Dawley rats after receiving an intraperitoneal injection containing propylene glycol. Nine-week-old, 225–250 gram male rats were reported to experience tremor progressing to seizures within minutes after given injections of resveratrol (30 mg/kg) dissolved in a 40 : 60 propylene glycol/corn oil vehicle solution by direct intraperitoneal (IP) slow bolus injection or via a preplaced intraperitoneal catheter. The World Health Organization suggests a maximum dose of 25 mg/kg/day of propylene glycol taken orally and no more than 25 mg/dL in blood serum, whereas the animals used in our study got a calculated maximum 0.52 g/kg (25 times lower dose). Blood tests from the seizing rat support a diagnosis of hemolysis and lactic acidosis which may have led to the seizures, all of which appeared to be a consequence of the propylene glycol administration. These findings are consistent with oral and intravenous administration of propylene glycol toxicity as previously reported in other species, including humans. To our knowledge, this report represents the first published case of status epilepticus due to an IP injection containing propylene glycol.
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21
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Wang B, Zeng J, Gu Q. Exercise restores bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide and promotes autophagy influx in livers of mice fed with high-fat diet. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:667-674. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the gold standard treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), exercise training has been shown to effectively improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, limited data are available about the underlying mechanisms involved. This work was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of exercise training on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice. Male mice were fed with HFD and given moderate-intensity exercise for 24 weeks. Exercise training lowered mass gain, attenuated systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and mitigated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice fed with HFD. Exercise training improved mitochondrial function and enhanced mitochondrial β-oxidation in livers of HFD-fed mice. Exercise training enhanced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels in plasma and livers, and mRNA expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CES), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in livers of HFD-fed mice. Exercise training had no significant effect on the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, but decreased p62 protein expression in livers of HFD-fed mice. Additionally, exercise training reduced formation of malondialdehyde, enhanced ratio of GSH/GSSG, and down-regulated expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in livers of HFD-fed mice. Exercise training restored bioavailability of H2S and promoted autophagy influx in livers, which might contribute to its benefit on HFD-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Physical Education, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Gu
- School of Physical Education, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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22
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Regular Voluntary Exercise Potentiates Interleukin-1 β and Interleukin-18 Secretion by Increasing Caspase-1 Expression in Murine Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9290416. [PMID: 28133422 PMCID: PMC5241476 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9290416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate-intensity regular exercise improves proinflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated macrophages. However, intracellular events that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise were unclear. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which regular voluntary exercise (VE) improves proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages challenged with LPS. Peritoneal macrophages from VE mice secreted considerably higher amounts of interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-18 than did cells from sedentary control (SC) mice in the presence and absence of LPS, although tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-10 secretion were comparable between both groups. The mRNA levels of these cytokines increased significantly in response to LPS; similar levels were noted in macrophages from both SC and VE mice. Moreover, LPS evoked similar levels of degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) α and phosphorylation of IκB kinase β, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 in macrophages from SC and VE mice. These results indicate that the increased IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in VE mice are regulated posttranscriptionally. On the other hand, macrophages from VE mice showed higher amounts of caspase-1 protein than did cells from SC mice. These results suggest that regular VE potentiates IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in LPS-challenged macrophages by increasing caspase-1 levels.
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Calvello R, Cianciulli A, Nicolardi G, De Nuccio F, Giannotti L, Salvatore R, Porro C, Trotta T, Panaro MA, Lofrumento DD. Vitamin D Treatment Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease, Shifting M1 to M2 Microglia Responses. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:327-339. [PMID: 27987058 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been described as a common hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is believed to further exacerbate the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Current therapies are unable to prevent the disease progression. A significant association has been demonstrated between PD and low levels of vitamin D in patients serum, and vitamin D supplement appears to have a beneficial clinical effect. Herein, we investigated whether vitamin D administered orally in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced preclinical animal model of PD protects against glia-mediated inflammation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Vitamin D significantly attenuated the MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydrlase (TH)-positive neuronal cells, microglial cell activation (Iba1-immunoreactive), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TLR-4 expression, typical hallmarks of the pro-inflammatory (M1) activation of microglia. Additionally, Vitamin D was able to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in distinct brain areas of the MPTP mouse. Importantly, we also assessed the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin D in the MPTP mouse, in which it upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-β) mRNA expression as well as increasing the expression of CD163, CD206 and CD204, typical hallmarks of alternative activation of microglia for anti-inflammatory signalling (M2). Collectively, these results demonstrate that vitamin D exhibits substantial neuroprotective effects in this PD animal model, by attenuating pro-inflammatory and up-regulating anti-inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco De Nuccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Salvatore
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Carlin JL, Grissom N, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F, Reyes TM. Voluntary exercise blocks Western diet-induced gene expression of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:82-90. [PMID: 27492632 PMCID: PMC5352157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases inflammation, both peripherally and centrally, and exercise can ameliorate some of the negative health outcomes associated with obesity. Within the brain, the effect of obesity on inflammation has been well characterized in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, but has been relatively understudied in other brain regions. The current study was designed to address two primary questions; (1) whether western diet (high fat/high sucrose) consumption would increase markers of inflammation in the prefrontal cortex and (2) whether concurrent voluntary wheel running would ameliorate any inflammation. Adult male mice were exposed to a western diet or a control diet for 8weeks. Concurrently, half the animals were given running wheels in their home cages, while half did not have access to wheels. At the conclusion of the study, prefrontal cortex was removed and expression of 18 proinflammatory genes was assayed. Expression of a number of proinflammatory molecules was upregulated by consumption of the western diet. For two chemokines, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), voluntary exercise blocked the increase in the expression of these genes. Cluster analysis confirmed that the majority of the tested genes were upregulated by western diet, and identified another small cluster of genes that were downregulated by either diet or exercise. These data identify a proinflammatory phenotype within the prefrontal cortex of mice fed a western diet, and indicate that chemokine induction can be blocked by voluntary exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L. Carlin
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nicola Grissom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States
| | - Zhe Ying
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Teresa M. Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States,Corresponding author at: University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 2120 East Galbraith Road, A-129 Cincinnati, OH 45237-1625, United States. (T.M. Reyes)
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Gong X, Jiang J, Zhang M. Exercise preconditioning reduces neonatal incision surgery-induced enhanced hyperalgesia via inhibition of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and IL-1β, TNF-α release. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 52:46-54. [PMID: 27235543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal surgery leads to enhanced hyperalgesia to noxious stimulation in adulthood via a mechanism caused by enhanced phosphorylated (p)-p38 expression in microglia. We tested the effect of exercise on reducing enhanced hypersensitivity primed by neonatal incision surgery. Adult female Wistar rats, with or without neonatal incision surgery at postnatal day (P) 3, received right hind paw plantar incision surgery under anesthesia at P44. The rats performed wheel-running exercise from P22 to P41. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were measured and ipsilateral spinal cords were collected for protein quantification. For PWT and PWL, exercise reduced the pain index after incision surgery at P44 in rats with neonatal surgery (P<0.01). Western blots showed that exercise suppressed P-p38 expression relative to adult rats without neonatal surgery (P<0.05). Results of ELISA showed that exercise reduced IL-1β and TNF-α (P<0.05) concentration in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Exercise preconditioning is an effective approach to reducing enhanced adult hyperalgesia primed by neonatal surgery. The mechanism may be explained by exercise-induced inhibition of P-p38 activation and IL-1β, TNF-α release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mazhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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