1
|
Metanat M, Almasi SZ, Sepehri Rad N, Tabatabaee SM, Rezaei K. Seroepidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis B and C Prevalence and Associated Factors Among People in Custody at Zahedan Central Prison. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2024; 27:298-304. [PMID: 38855799 DOI: 10.34172/aim.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On a global scale, approximately 350 million are affected by hepatitis B, and 71 million by hepatitis C. People in custody face elevated risks for these infections. The prevalence and risk factors in Iranian prisons are insufficiently documented. The principal objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, coupled with the identification of pertinent influencing factors, within the confines of Zahedan central prison, situated in the southeastern region of Iran. METHODS In 2019, we conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving 407 people in custody, using stratified random sampling. To definitively diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (P<0.05), a checklist developed by the researchers, along with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, were employed. RESULTS This study comprised 406 participants (96.3% male) with a median age of 32 years (27-38). Approximately 62% were married, and a substantial proportion of the participants had low education levels (47%), unemployment (64%), and belonged to the Baloch ethnicity (64%). The overall prevalence of hepatitis C and B infections was 2.7% and 10.6%, respectively. Tattooing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.9-4.5) and marriage (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.04) were identified as risk factors for hepatitis B. Moreover, hepatitis C showed a statistically significant association with a family history of hepatitis B and C (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 3.93-24.64) and intravenous (IV) drug use (AOR: 7.01, 95% CI: 1.52-32.78) according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was higher among people in custody in Zahedan central prison. Consequently, targeted interventions are vital to address and reduce viral hepatitis burden in custodial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Metanat
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zeinab Almasi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Sepehri Rad
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kosar Rezaei
- Department of Epidemiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang HH, Sun SL, Jau RC, Tantoh DM, Hsu SY, Nfor ON, Chen PH, Liu WH, Ko JL, Liaw YP. Risk of HBV infection among male and female first-time blood donors born before and after the July 1986 HBV vaccination program in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1831. [PMID: 34627173 PMCID: PMC8502303 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In July 1984, Taiwan officially began a nationwide hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program where only infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers were vaccinated free of charge until June 1986. However, from July 1986, all infants were vaccinated against HBV. The impact of the July 1986 HBV vaccination program on first-time blood donors has not been exhaustively studied. We, therefore, determined the risk of HBV among male and female first-time blood donors born before and after the July 1986 HBV vaccination program in Taiwan. Methods Initially, we recruited 857,310 first-time blood donors whose data were collected between 2013 and 2018 from 5 blood donation centers in Taiwan. However, we excluded donors with incomplete and outlying data (n = 12,213) and those born between July 1984 and June 1986 (n = 21,054). The final study participants comprised 9118 HBV positive and 814,925 HBV negative individuals. We divided the participants into two birth cohorts (born before and after July 1986) and assumed that those born before July 1986 were not vaccinated at birth while those born after July 1986 were vaccinated. Results The prevalence of HBV among those born before and after July 1986 was 4.53 and 0.25%, respectively. Individuals born after July 1986 had a lower risk of HBV than those born before July 1986. The adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.16, 0.13–0.19. Men had a higher risk of HBV than women (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.34–1.47). The interaction between sex and birth date was significant (p-value = 0.0067). Stratification of participants by birth date revealed a higher risk of HBV in men compared to women in both birth cohorts. The OR, 95% CI was 1.47, 1.40–1.55 for those born before July 1986 but declined to 1.15, 1.02–1.29 for those born after July 1986. Conclusions The risk of HBV was lower among those born after than those born before the July 1986 vaccination program. In both cohorts, the risk was high in men relative to women. The seemingly protective effect among those born after July 1986 was higher in women than men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hui Wang
- Taichung Blood Center, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lung Sun
- Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Chiou Jau
- Taichung Blood Center, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Medical Imaging and Big Data Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heiza M, Elmola K, Salama B. Unsafe Practices Associated with HCV Infection Among Adults: A Case Control Study. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:60. [PMID: 34447502 PMCID: PMC8356959 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs globally. It is a substantial cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Egypt one the countries that has the highest hepatitis C burden in the world. The occurrence of HCV is directly related to the number of individuals who regularly share injection instruments and to the prevalence of inappropriate parenteral procedures in healthcare facilities. The study aimed to identify unhealthy community practices related to HCV infection. Methods: a nested case control study carried out in Damietta Governorate, Egypt. Where150 cases (positive for HCV) and 300 controls (negative for HCV) were randomly chosen. Results: Participant who shared shaving razor was 8.4times more likely to acquire HCV infection followed by IV fluid and needle or sharp stick (about six times more risk).while acupuncture, cupping, tattooing and traditional cauterization carried 1.6 to 3.6 timesmorerisk for HCV infection. Conclusions: Unhealthy community practices carried a higher risk for acquiring HCV infection. It is highly advocated to strengthen infection prevention and control program in health care facilities and health education programs to enhance community awareness and empowerment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Heiza
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Elmola
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Basem Salama
- Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
POURI AA, GHOJAZADEH M, SHIRMOHAMMADI M, EFTEKHAR-SADAT AT, SOMI MH. Seroepidemiology and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Population-Based Azar Cohort Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:2152-2160. [PMID: 33708736 PMCID: PMC7917508 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i11.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infections and put people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and risk factors based on the data from Azar Cohort. METHODS The population of this study comprised the people in the age range of 35-70 yr from Azar cohort, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran between 2015 and 2016. Based on cluster sampling, 4,949 people were selected and invited to complete the questionnaire and perform the tests. Blood samples were analyzed for serum HBV markers (HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb) by ELFA method. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the participants was 49.15 ± 9.02 years. The frequency rates of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were estimated as 1.03%, 16.9% and 24.95%, respectively. There was statistically significant association between family history of hepatitis (P<0.001) and jaundice history (P<0.001) with the presence of HBsAg. There was also a positive correlation between marital status (P=0.002), history of hospitalization (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.001), dental procedures (P<0.001), foreign travels (P=0.005), occupation status (P=0.002) and the presence of HBcAb. CONCLUSION The frequency of hepatitis B in Azar Cohort was 1.03% which is a lower rate compared with other reports from Iran. The association of the population studied and the increase of public awareness in this area can probably prevent this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar POURI
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza GHOJAZADEH
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud SHIRMOHAMMADI
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein SOMI
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knowledge, Preference, and Willingness to Pay for Hepatitis B Vaccination Services among Woman of Reproductive Age in Vietnam. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9154918. [PMID: 30915364 PMCID: PMC6409006 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9154918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is a critical approach to prevent HBV transmission from mother to child. However, despite high HBV prevalence, evidence about the preference of women of productive age for HBV vaccine in Vietnam was constrained. This study aims to explore the preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for the HBV vaccine in Vietnamese women in productive age. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi in April 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about respondents' socioeconomic status and knowledge about HBV vaccination. A contingent valuation approach was employed to measure the WTP for the HBV vaccine. Logistic and interval regressions were used to determine the associated factors. Results Among 807 women, 80.8% were willing to have the vaccine injected which had the average price of 108,600 VND (95% CI, 97,580 VND-119,570 VND). Participants not suffering any diseases during pregnancy were more likely to be willing to pay for the HBV vaccine (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.73-6.70). Not having the antenatal examination at central hospitals and working as farmers/workers were positively correlated with willingness to pay for this vaccine, while the number of children of respondents had a negative correlation with WTP. Conclusions Our sampled women expressed a high willingness to pay for the vaccine. The price people were willing to pay for the vaccine, however, is equal to half of the actual price. These findings implied needs for better targeted public education interventions about HBV and the involvement of local medical staffs and the media in providing information. Efforts to reduce the price of the vaccine should also be warranted for scaling-up the coverage of this vaccine.
Collapse
|
6
|
High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Village of Esfandiar in South Khorasan Province, Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.65473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
7
|
Qin YL, Li B, Zhou YS, Zhang X, Li L, Song B, Liu P, Yuan Y, Zhao ZP, Jiao J, Li J, Sun Y, Sevalie S, Kanu JE, Song YJ, Jiang JF, Sahr F, Jiang TJ. Prevalence and associated knowledge of hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers in Freetown, Sierra Leone. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:315. [PMID: 29986658 PMCID: PMC6038231 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered highly prevalent in West Africa. However, major gaps in surveillance exist in Sierra Leone. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for HBV infection, little is known about the prevalence and knowledge of hepatitis B among HCWs in Sierra Leone. METHODS A cross-sectional study of all HCWs at the No. 34 Military Hospital located in Freetown, Sierra Leone, was conducted from March 20 to April 10, 2017. Whole blood was collected and screened for HBV markers using a one-step rapid immunochromatographic test with positive samples tested for HBV DNA. Additionally, questionnaires assessing self-reported knowledge of HBV infections were administered to all participants. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (version 17.0) software. RESULTS A total of 211 HCWs were included in this study with a median age of 39.0 years (range: 18-59). Of the participating HCWs, 172 (81.5%) participants were susceptible (all markers negative), 21(10.0%) were current HBV (HBsAg positive) and nine (4.3%) were considered immune because of past infection (HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive; anti-HBs positive). Additionally, nine (4.3%) participants displayed immunity to the virus as a result of prior hepatitis B vaccination (only anti-HBs positive). Of the 21 HCWs with positive HBsAg, 13 (61.9%) had detectable HBV DNA. There was a significantly lower risk for current HBV infection among HCWs older than 39 years (OR 0.337, p = 0.046). In addition, only 14 (6.6%), 73 (34.6%) and 82 (38.9%) participants in this survey had adequate knowledge about the clinical outcome, routes of transmission, and correct preventive measures of HBV infection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HCWs in Sierra Leone lacked adequate knowledge of the hepatitis B virus. Additionally, the low coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination among HCWs fails to meet WHO recommendations, leaving many of the sampled HCWs susceptible to infection. This study reaffirms the need for more intensive training for HCWs in addition to strengthening vaccination programmes to protect HCWs against HBV in Sierra Leone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Song
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Peng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen Sevalie
- No. 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Joseph E Kanu
- No. 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ya-Jun Song
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Foday Sahr
- No. 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce, Freetown, Sierra Leone. .,College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Knowledge, Distribution and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Infection in High-risk Groups in Guilan Province, Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.65870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
9
|
Mohamadkhani A, Pourasgari M, Poustchi H. Significant SNPs Related to Telomere Length and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:585-590. [PMID: 29579787 PMCID: PMC5980828 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with suspected interactions between virus replication and host immune responses. A number of reports have suggested that telomerase function may be involved in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pathogenesis, but positive or negative associations with HCC risk remain for discussion. Mean telomere length is an indicator of biological aging and it has been reported that reduction in NBV carriers compared to normal individuals. In somatic cells, telomeres contain simple, tandemly repeated G-rich sequences that frequently are reduced by 50 to 200 base pairs at each cell division. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in diverse ethnic populations have revealed eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to telomere length. Two of these, rs398652 and rs621559, have prognostic value and could be used as genetic markers. This review describes current knowledge concerning telomerase activity and telomere length as well as significant polymorphisms in HBV-related HCC patients. In particular, to cast light on genotype-phenotype interactions, we used SNPnexus to evaluate effects of the two SNPs on risk of disease and complex disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Estimating the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Exposure Among General Population in Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
11
|
Salehi-Vaziri M, Sadeghi F, Almasi Hashiani A, Gholami Fesharaki M, Alavian SM. Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the General Population of Iran: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e35577. [PMID: 27257428 PMCID: PMC4888501 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.35577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. Accurate and updated data on HBV prevalence is important for further planning to control the infection. The aim of this study was to update the prevalence estimate of HBV infection in the general population of Iran. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was done for data on the prevalence of HBV infection in the general Iranian population published between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jan. 1, 2016, in both international and national databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Magiran. All papers with clearly described time and location of the study, proper sampling strategies, and proper analysis methods were included in the present study. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Prevalence of HBV infection with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Stata software, version 13. RESULTS The polled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.2 % (95% CI: 1.9% - 2.6%). The highest prevalence of HBV infection (8.9%, 95% CI: 7.6% - 10.2%) was reported from Golestan province, and the lowest prevalence (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.4% - 1.1%) was seen in Kermanshah province. The prevalence of HBV infection was estimated at 3% (95% CI: 2.2% - 3.8%) for Iranian males and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2% - 2.3%) for Iranian females. The prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5% - 3.4%) before 2010 and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9% - 1.7%) after 2010. CONCLUSIONS In total, Iran was classified within the low-intermediate HBV prevalence areas (2% - 4%), while according to recent data (after 2010), Iran was classified within the low HBV prevalence areas (< 2%), indicating that preventive measures conducted in Iran have been effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Amir Almasi Hashiani
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188945186, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moezzi M, Imani R. Protection Provided by Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adult Population of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran in 2013. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:LC01-4. [PMID: 27190834 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17758.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B vaccination has been integrated into National Expanded Program on Immunization in Iran since the year 1993 and young adult national vaccination project was done in 2008. So we have three subpopulations with vaccination coverage for hepatitis B and different antibody levels. Consisting of Subpopulation 1 born after 1993, subpopulation 2 born between 1989 and 1993 and receiving vaccination under adult national project, and subpopulation 3 born prior to the year 1989. AIM The present study was conducted to investigate community protection by hepatitis B vaccine in adult population in an accessible population in Iran and compare vaccination coverage, HBs Ab level, and its effective titration among the three above-mentioned subpopulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was done on a 3000-individual adult population from all seven counties of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province enrolled by clustering. After obtaining written consent and filling out a questionnaire of demographic data and history of hepatitis B vaccination by trained interviewers, necessary blood sample was taken and HBs Ab titration was checked. The data were analysed by chi-square in SPSS 19. The level of significance was considered as 0.05 and effective Ab titration as ≥ 10. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 38.4±16.3 years. Of the participants 48.2% had effective titration. For vaccination coverage, 77.4% were unvaccinated, 20% completely vaccinated, and 2.6% incompletely vaccinated with a significant association with effective titration (p<0.001). Eighty six percent of the subpopulation 1 and 79% of the subpopulation 2 were completely vaccinated, with a significant difference in effective titration between them (p<0.001). Vaccination coverage was higher in men and the single but equal in cities and villages. The effective titration was significantly associated with being married and residence place (p=0.003). There was a significant association between effective titration and the time at vaccination (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in adult population is relatively suitable especially in the youth population; however, catch-up programs of the groups exposed to risk are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moezzi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Reza Imani
- Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansari H, Khosravi S, Sanei-Moghaddam E, Mohammadi M, Alavian SM, Poustchi H. The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Among Municipal Solid Waste Workers: Necessity for Immunization of At-Risk Groups. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e30887. [PMID: 27226797 PMCID: PMC4875503 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.30887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is likely to be more prevalent in certain populations and occupational groups, such as municipal solid waste workers (MSWWs). OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV and its risk factors among MSWWs compared to other municipal employees not exposed to waste. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current cross-sectional study included 654 municipal employees in Zahedan (south-eastern Iran). A sample of blood was taken from each participant and tested for HBsAg through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic and other data on high risk behaviors were also collected through in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple regression analysis by STATA. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBV among municipal employees was 3.06% (95% CI: 1.70 - 4.30); however, it varied among the different employee subgroups as follows: 6.20% (95% CI: 2.70 - 9.70) in MSWWs, 3.3% (95% CI: 0.08 - 5.80) in drivers and 1% among staff who were not exposed to waste. Multiple regression analysis showed that exposure to waste [OR = 9.36; 95% CI = 2.01 - 43.7], lack of vaccination against HBV [OR = 3.83; 95% CI = 1.86 - 25.2], jaundice [OR = 6.91; 95% CI = 1.51 - 31.5], history of endoscopy [OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.08 - 7.62], and high risk behaviors [OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 1.96 - 27.2] were independently associated with HBV. CONCLUSIONS Greater encouragement for immunization against HBV as well as better education on HBV transmission routes and work safety precautions should be implemented to reduce the prevalence of HBV in MSWWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Soheila Khosravi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Zahedan Blood Transfusion Center, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Soheila Khosravi, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Zahedan Blood Transfusion Center, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9153405298, Fax: +98-5433239500, E-mail:
| | - Esmail Sanei-Moghaddam
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Zahedan Blood Transfusion Center, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mohammadi Z, Keshtkar A, Eghtesad S, Jeddian A, Pourfatholah AA, Maghsudlu M, Zadsar M, Mahmoudi Z, Shayanrad A, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Epidemiological Profile of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Iran in the Past 25 years; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of General Population Studies. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:5-18. [PMID: 26933476 PMCID: PMC4773083 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important health problems worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, Iran is located in the intermediate HBV zone; however, recent studies have provided some evidence indicating an epidemiological change in the country. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV in Iran.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the studies performed in the past 25 years that have reported the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors in the Iranian general population (1990-2014). Any study assessing and reporting serum Hbs Ag levels was included in this review.
RESULTS
After excluding all impertinent studies, 19 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of HBV was 3% (95% CI 2% to 3%). Its distribution showed that the prevalence of HBV varies in different provinces from 0.87% to 8.86%. The HBV rate was highest in the Golestan (8.86%) and lowest in the Kurdistan (0.87%) provinces.
CONCLUSION
This study provides some evidence about the prevalence of HBV in Iran. However, the collected data was very heterogenic, even within a single province, which made it hard to estimate a single-point prevalence. High quality studies are needed to find reliable information about HBV prevalence and to decrease the heterogeneity of results in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Eghtesad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jeddian
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfatholah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zadsar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amaneh Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Negarandeh R, Zamani F, Hamidia A, Zabihi A. Psychological Reactions among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: a Qualitative Study. J Caring Sci 2016; 5:57-66. [PMID: 26989666 PMCID: PMC4794545 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2016.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis B is the most prevalent type of
viral hepatitis. Psychological reactions among patients with hepatitis B infection is
considerably different and affects their decision about treating and following up the
disease. The present study aims at explaining the psychological demonstrations experienced
by these patients. Methods: In this qualitative study, a total of 18 patients
with hepatitis B (8 women and 10 men) were selected by purposive sampling method. Data
were collected by unstructured in-depth interviews during 2014-2015 in the medical centers
of three cities in Iran. All interviews were recorded, typed and analyzed by the
conventional content analysis approach. Results: By analyzing the data, the main theme including
psychological instability, with three sub-themes were emerged: grief reaction (stupor,
denial, anger and aggression), emotional challenges (worry and apprehension, contradiction
with beliefs, fear of deprivation, fear of stigma, waiting for death and prognosis
ambiguity) and inferiority complex (social withdrawal, sense of humiliation and
embarrassment and sense of guilt and blame) were acquired. Conclusion: The findings indicate that patients with
hepatitis B experience various psychological reactions that need to be controlled and
managed by themselves or healthcare providers. Thus, implementation of health
interventions with emphasis on psychological care to prevent problems and execution of
educational and consultation programs about hepatitis especially by medical centers and
mass media is seems necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Valizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Zamanzadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angela Hamidia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Zabihi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kargar Kheirabad A, Elmira Jokari E, Sajjadi MJ, Gouklani H. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus between Qeshm Island people in 2013-2014, Iran. J Med Life 2015; 8:173-177. [PMID: 28316686 PMCID: PMC5348928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: About 1/ 3 of the world crowd (2 billion) suffers from HBV infection. 15 to 40% of Hepatitis B cases develop into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the dangerous complication of the illness and the evidence that the prevalence is different in various areas of the country, this research was directed with the purpose of determining the currency of the Hepatitis B between Qeshm Island crowds. Method: This cross-partial research was directed on 1500 cases. The sampling procedure was the stratify-cluster organization. Later creating the checklist, including the demographic information and risk factors, blood cases were formed. ELISA system evaluated the currency of HBsAg. At the end, the mathematical studies were conducted by applying the mathematical Plans for software of Social Sciences (SPSS) system issue 16.0. The information were investigated by Chi-square and detailed mathematical exams. Result: The overall currency of HBsAg positivity was 1%, 0.8%, and 1.1% between male and female, individually. The middle age of members was 30.07 years old. Virus was more currency in married persons, students, lower than in 15-years-old educated people and persons who had a past of vaccination and transfusion. The currency of Hepatitis B in people who had a past of sex and substance infusion was zero. Finally, the finding of the research showed that none of the investigated factors was associated with the prevalence of HBsAg. Conclusion: It appears that the currency of HBV virus in Qeshm is slightly lower than that of the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kargar Kheirabad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Elmira Jokari
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M J Sajjadi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - H Gouklani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhat M, Ghali P, Deschenes M, Wong P. Prevention and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:S200-7. [PMID: 26622990 PMCID: PMC4635410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects an estimated 370 million people worldwide. HBV is endemic throughout the world, and insidiously causes liver damage over years and decades without any warning symptoms or signs. Up to 25-35% of infected individuals eventually die due to complications of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by HBV. Screening those individuals at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, and universal vaccination for prevention, would help in limiting the spread and public health repercussions of the virus. Although many new antiviral therapies have been developed for the management of hepatitis B, they still do not offer the possibility of cure. Most individuals who begin oral suppressive therapy will be indefinitely treated. Continuous suppression of HBV replication in individuals with advanced liver disease prolongs life, decreases the need for liver transplantation, and potentially reduces the risk for HCC. In this clinical review, we present a practical approach to prevention of HBV, its natural history and life cycle, as well as its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada,Correspondence to: Dr. Mamatha Bhat, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, 687 Pine Avenue West, Monreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Peter Ghali
- McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marc Deschenes
- McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yentur Doni N, Simsek Z, Keklik Z, Gurses G, Zeyrek FY. Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the reproductive-age female farmworkers of southeastern Turkey. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e22120. [PMID: 25598790 PMCID: PMC4286707 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the agricultural population worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and associated risk factors in the reproductive-age female farmworker. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2013 in southeastern region (SAR) of Turkey. A community-based representative agricultural sample (n = 705) from the agricultural areas of nine provinces of SAR was randomly determined by clustering method using Epi Info software. Questionnaires including demographic information and risk factors of HBV were administered to participants. The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe antibodies in blood samples were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The prevalence of the HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBe antibodies, and seropositivity were 5.7%, 25.9%, 28.9%, 16.4%, and 36.7%, respectively. There was no association between the HBsAg and the size of the household, age, education level, parity, and place of birth while the prevalence of HBsAg was higher in seasonal migratory farmworkers and people living in urban areas and the prevalence of anti-HBs antibody was significantly higher in women ≥ 35 years of age, those with a high parity, and those who gave birth without the assistance of health professionals (P < 0.05). The risk for HBV infection in the seasonal migratory group was 4.3 times higher in comparison to local workers (P = 0.00; OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 2.2-8.4), with a prevalence rate of 11%. CONCLUSIONS The monitoring of at-risk groups like seasonal migratory farmworkers is necessary to strengthen the healthcare service provided to this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebiye Yentur Doni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Nebiye Yentur Doni, Department of Medical Microbiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Tel: +90-4143183212, Fax: +90-4143183211, E-mail:
| | - Zeynep Simsek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Zehra Keklik
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Gurses
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Fadile Yildiz Zeyrek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Keyvani H, Sohrabi M, Zamani F, Poustchi H, Ashrafi H, Saeedian F, Mooadi M, Motamed N, Ajdarkosh H, Khonsari M, Hemmasi G, Ameli M, Kabir A, Khodadost M. A population based study on hepatitis B virus in northern iran, amol. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e20540. [PMID: 25237372 PMCID: PMC4165985 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide. Change in transmission patterns of hepatitis B makes it necessary to re-evaluate its prevalence and risk factors. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and its related risk factors in Amol city, Northern Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS As a population based study, a cluster sampling approach was used and 6146 individuals from the general population of urban and rural areas of Amol, Iran, from both genders and different ages were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the study, being a lifelong resident in Amol city or its surrounding areas with Iranian nationality. Ten milliliters (10 mL) of blood was taken from each study subject and checked regarding hepatitis B markers including HbsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb using a third generation ELISA. The prevalence of HBV infections and its potential risk factors were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were estimated as 0.9%, 30.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The mean age of all participants was 43.9 (95% CI: 43.4, 44.3) in females and 55.6 in (n = 3472) males. In our study, there was a significant association between family history of hepatitis, rural residency and presence of HBsAg. There was also a positive correlation between HBcAb and family history of hepatitis, history of other types of hepatic diseases, history of tattooing, traditional phlebotomy, male gender and age. In backward logistic regression, a significant association was found between history of hepatitis in first-degree family members (OR = 13.35; 95% CI: 6.26, 28.47) and place of residence (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.27, 4.22) with presence of HBsAg. There was also a positive correlation between history of hepatitis among first-degree family members (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.08), history of tattooing (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.42), history of previous hepatitis (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.28), male sex (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.66) and age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) with presence of HBcAb. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hepatitis B in Amol City and its surrounding areas was about one percent, a lower rate than other reports from Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Farhad Zamani, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: + 98-2188940489, Fax: +98-2188940489, E-mail:
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research institute (DDRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Saeedian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mansooreh Mooadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Khonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hemmasi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mitra Ameli
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Kabir
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Publich Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Khodadost
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moezzi M, Imani R, Khosravi N, Pourheidar B, Ganji F, Karimi A. Hepatitis B seroprevalence and risk factors in adult population of chaharmahal and bakhtiari province in 2013. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e17398. [PMID: 24910705 PMCID: PMC4030265 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.17389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus is one of the important viral causes of liver inflammation with high worldwide prevalence and important hepatic and extra hepatic complications. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this descriptive, analytical, population-based study, 3000 participants older than 15 years were enrolled according to the clustering method. After obtaining written informed consent and taking required blood samples, we gathered data on demographic status and probable transmission routes of disease using questionnaire between 2012 and 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (descriptive parameters and chi-square). P value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 38.4 ± 16.3. The seroprevalence rate of hepatitis B was found to be 1.3% (95% CI, 0.95%-1.81%). Prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg positive participants was 2.5% (only 1 of 40). Seroprevalence was higher in male group (2.5 times higher than women), age group of over 55 years, farmers, and non-public occupations. Positive seroprevalence was associated with a history of renal disease, familial transmission, transfusion, surgery in hospital, circumcision, contact with hepatitis B infected individuals, imprisonment, intravenous (IV) drug abuse, and smoking (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the highest odds ratio (OR) was obtained for history of renal disease (OR = 7.64: 3.01-18.4), followed by imprisonment (OR = 5.4: 1.86 -15.7) and IV drug abuse (OR = 5.68: 1.3-24.7). CONCLUSIONS Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province could be categorized as a low endemic region for hepatitis B infection, with a seroprevalence similar to that in other provinces of western Iran. Vaccination seems to influence its decrease, especially in adolescents and youth. More surveillance and attention to risk factors are suggested to identify high-risk groups and to implement vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moezzi
- Department of Community Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Reza Imani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Nasser Khosravi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Behrouz Pourheidar
- Central Disease Control Unit, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Forouzan Ganji
- Department of Community Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alizadeh S, Pakzad I, Sayehmiri K, Pakzad R, Darvishi P. Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Blood Donors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2014.35.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Mahboobi N, Mahboobi N, Oliaei P, Alavian SM. Hepatitis C virus; its implication for endodontists. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2014; 9:169-73. [PMID: 25031588 PMCID: PMC4099946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over 170 million patients worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV); making it a globally important infection. Dentists constantly handle sharp instruments infected with biological fluids and are therefore considered at high-risk of contracting HCV infection. Needle-stick injuries seem to be the most common route of exposure to blood-borne pathogens in dental practice. Moreover, endodontist's constant use of sharp instruments such as endodontic files with limited operative vision in a small working field (i.e. root canal system) increases their risk of exposure to infection. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiology of HCV infection in dental healthcare staff and the tests required for its diagnosis. We also look at the protocols for dental treatment in infected individuals and screening and dental examination tailored for HCV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mahboobi
- Department of Endodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Oliaei
- International Branch of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD center), Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ground floor of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq, Tehran, Iran. Tel:+98-21 88945186, Fax: +98-21 88945188, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
HBsAg Mutants Clustered Mainly Outside of “a” Determinant in Chronic Carriers From Azarbayjan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Fang W, Fan L, Gao X, Guo Y, Huang W, Du Y. Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence among 12,393 rural women of childbearing age in Hainan Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Virol J 2013; 10:25. [PMID: 23332007 PMCID: PMC3626832 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in China and it threats human health seriously. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among women of childbearing age plays an important role in mother to child transmission of HBV, as 30% ~50% of chronic carriers can be attributed to maternal-infantile transmission. However, there are few studies which have reported on the prevalence of HBsAg among women of childbearing age in China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBsAg and its associated risk factors among rural women of childbearing age in Hainan, which is the highest hepatitis B virus endemic province in China. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based study, which included 12393 rural women aged 15 ~ 49 years, enrolled by a multistage stratified cluster sampling, was carried out in Hainan province, China, from November 2007 to December 2008. Blood samples were obtained from each study participant, and screened for HBsAg. Results The overall HBsAg prevalence of childbearing age women was 9.51%. Risk factors for HBsAg positivity among rural women were: lower education level (OR=1.206), lower family monthly income (OR=1.233), having an HBsAg-positive family member (OR=1.300), without an immunization history (OR=1.243), tattooing (OR=1.190), body piercing (OR=1.293), vaginoscopy history (OR=1.103) and history of induced abortion (OR=1.142). Conclusions There is a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among rural women of childbearing age in Hainan province. Hence, it is necessary to take preventive measures to reduce the seroprevalence of HBsAg and to control its associated risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Noori S, Gol-Mohamadi A, Sarbazi MR, Safaee A, Farsar AR. Epidemiological features of hepatitis B and C infection in a high risk population: results of screening programs. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2013; 6:136-40. [PMID: 24834260 PMCID: PMC4017516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of HBV & HCV infection in an Iranian high risk population. BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections are worldwide serious public health problems. Iran has an intermediate prevalence of infection and a screening program was started in 2010 among high risk individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4455 new patients during two past years. Demographic information, age, gender, occupational status, medical history, history of vaccination against HBV, high risk exposure and laboratory findings were collected for each patient. Then distribution of demographic and risk factors was evaluated in each type of hepatitis. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 45.6±17.3 years. More than two-thirds of the diagnosed cases were infected with HBV. 74% of patients were carriers of hepatitis virus. 60% of patients had no symptoms at diagnosis. Illicit intravenous drug use was most common high risk exposure in patients under study (n=366, 8.2%). High risk behaviors including illicit intravenous drug use and unprotected sex were relatively higher in patients infected with hepatitis C compared to patients with hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that illicit intravenous drug use, contact with an infected household member and unprotected sex are the most common high risk exposure in Iranian patients infected with viral hepatitis. Therefore, preventive strategies such as health education, vaccination and screening programs should be directed to these groups. The results also show that a majority of patients have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis, therefore periodic screening tests in high risk groups is required.
Collapse
|
26
|
Adibi P. Why we still need HBV population-based epidemiologic studies. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:71-2. [PMID: 22509181 PMCID: PMC3321323 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payman Adibi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Payman Adibi, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-3117923060, Fax: +98-3116687898, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|