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Hu X, Dong J, Geng P, Sun Y, Du W, Zhao X, Wang Q, Liu C, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu W, Cheng H, Wang W, Jin X. Nicotine Treatment Ameliorates Blood-Brain Barrier Damage After Acute Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Endothelial Scaffolding Protein Pdlim5. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:672-687. [PMID: 37233908 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) trial shows that cigarette smoking protected tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-treated patients from hemorrhage transformation (HT); however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Damage to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the pathological basis of HT. Here, we investigated the molecular events of BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and in vivo mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models. Our results showed that the permeability of bEND.3 monolayer endothelial cells was significantly increased after being exposed to OGD for 2 h. Mice were subjected to 90-min ischemia with 45-min reperfusion, and BBB integrity was significantly damaged, accompanied by tight junction protein occludin degradation, downregulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), phosphorylated Smad (p-Smad), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and the upregulation of PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 (Pdlim5), an adaptor protein that has been shown to regulate TGF-β-Smad3 pathway. In addition, pretreatment with two-week nicotine significantly reduced AIS-induced BBB damage and its associated protein dysregulation via downregulating Pdlim5. Notably, AIS did not significantly induce BBB damage in Pdlim5 deficit mice, but overexpression of Pdlim5 in the striatum with adeno-associated virus produced BBB damage and associated protein dysregulation which could be ameliorated by two-week nicotine pretreatment. More important, AIS induced a significant miR-21 decrease, and miR-21 mimics treatment decreased AIS-induced BBB damage by decreasing Pdlim5. Together, these results demonstrate that nicotine treatment alleviates the AIS-compromised integrity of BBB by regulating Pdlim5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Panpan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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Chen M, Qin Y, Peng Y, Mai R, Teng H, Qi Z, Mo J. Advancing stroke therapy: the potential of MOF-based nanozymes in biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363227. [PMID: 38798955 PMCID: PMC11119330 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the growing use of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based Nanozymes in biomedical research, with a specific emphasis on their applications in stroke therapy. We have discussed the complex nature of stroke pathophysiology, highlighting the crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acknowledging the limitations of natural enzymes in addressing these challenges. We have also discussed the role of nanozymes, particularly those based on MOFs, their structural similarities to natural enzymes, and their potential to improve reactivity in various biomedical applications. The categorization of MOF nanozymes based on enzyme-mimicking activities is discussed, and their applications in stroke therapy are explored. We have reported the potential of MOF in treating stroke by regulating ROS levels, alleviation inflammation, and reducing neuron apoptosis. Additionally, we have addressed the challenges in developing efficient antioxidant nanozyme systems for stroke treatment. The review concludes with the promise of addressing these challenges and highlights the promising future of MOF nanozymes in diverse medical applications, particularly in the field of stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Chen
- The Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Graduate and Postgraduate Education Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yongmei Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ruyu Mai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huanyao Teng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- The Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Lab of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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3
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Xia Q, Yu Y, Zhan G, Zhang X, Gao S, Han T, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang Y. The Sirtuin 5 Inhibitor MC3482 Ameliorates Microglia‑induced Neuroinflammation Following Ischaemic Stroke by Upregulating the Succinylation Level of Annexin-A1. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38717643 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, we concluded that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) was highly expressed in microglia following ischaemic stroke, which induced excessive neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. Therefore, SIRT5-targeting interventions should reduce neuroinflammation and protect against ischaemic brain injury. Here, we showed that treatment with a specific SIRT5 inhibitor, MC3482, alleviated microglia-induced neuroinflammation and improved long-term neurological function in a mouse model of stroke. The mice were administrated with either vehicle or 2 mg/kg MC3482 daily for 7 days via lateral ventricular injection following the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The outcome was assessed by a panel of tests, including a neurological outcome score, declarative memory, sensorimotor tests, anxiety-like behavior and a series of inflammatory factors. We observed a significant reduction of infarct size and inflammatory factors, and the improvement of long-term neurological function in the early stages during ischaemic stroke when the mice were treated with MC3482. Mechanistically, the administration of MC3482 suppressed the desuccinylation of annexin-A1, thereby promoting its membrane recruitment and extracellular secretion, which in turn alleviated neuroinflammation during ischaemic stroke. Based on our findings, MC3482 offers promise as an anti-ischaemic stroke treatment that targets directly the disease's underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Tangrui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Lee M, Rafiq Sayyed D, Kim H, Sanchez JC, Sik Hong S, Choi S, Kim H, Han E, Won Kang H, Min Kim J, Joan M, Kim H, Chae H, Park JM. A comprehensive Exdia TRF-LFIA for simultaneous quantification of GFAP and NT-proBNP in distinguishing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117872. [PMID: 38471630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to create a highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (TRF-LFIA) capable of concurrently measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP). This assay is designed as a diagnostic tool and aims to provide an algorithm for stroke management, specifically for distinguishing between Ischemic stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic stroke (HS). However, LFIA to quantify simultaneous serum NT-proBNP and GFAP are not yet available. We have developed and validated a novel TRF-LFIA for the simultaneous quantitative detection of NT-proBNP and GFAP. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the immunoassay were significantly improved by employing specific monoclonal antibodies linked to europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) that specifically target NT-proBNP and GFAP. The detection area on the nitrocellulose membrane featured sandwich-style complexes containing two test lines for NT-proBNP and GFAP, and one Control line. The fluorescence intensity of these test lines and control line was measured using an in-house developed Exdia TRF-Plus analyzer. As proof-of-concept, we enrolled patients suspected of having a stroke who were admitted within a specific time frame (6 h). A small amount of clinical specimen (serum) was used. To optimize the LFIA, an EuNPs conjugated antibodies were investigated to improve the detection sensitivity and decrease the background signal as well shorten the detection time. The Exdia TRF-LFIA cartridge offers a wide linear dynamic detection range, rapid detection, high sensitivity, and specificity. The limit of detection was determined to be 98 pg/mL for NT-proBNP and 68 pg/mL for GFAP, with minimal cross-reactivity. There were 200 clinical human serum samples that were used to evaluate this platform with high correlation. By combining the results of NT-proBNP and GFAP, we formulated an algorithm for the clinical assessment of Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS). According to our proposed algorithm, the combination of GFAP and NT-proBNP emerged as the most effective biomarker combination for distinguishing between IS and HS. Exdia TRF-LFIA shows great potential as a supplemental method for in vitro diagnostics in the laboratory or in other point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Its development substantially decreases the diagnosis time for IS and HS. The proposed algorithm not only minimizes treatment delays but also lowers medical costs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Lee
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | | | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung Sik Hong
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Sehee Choi
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Hyunghoon Kim
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Montaner Joan
- ABCDx, Avenue de Sécheron 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanshin Kim
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Myeon Park
- Precision Biosensor, 306, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34036, South Korea.
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Lim C, Lim S, Moon SJ, Cho S. Neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract from Chuanxiong Rhizoma in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemic stroke: suppression of astrocyte- and microglia-related inflammatory response. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:140. [PMID: 38575941 PMCID: PMC10993527 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional Asian medicine, dried rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong Rhizoma [CR]) have long been used to treat pain disorders that affect the head and face such as headaches. Furthermore, they have been used primarily for blood circulation improvement or as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicine. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a methanol extract of CR (CRex) on ischemic stroke in mice caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were given a 1.5-h transient MCAO (MCAO control and CRex groups); CRex was administered in the mice of the CRex group at 1,000-3,000 mg/kg either once (single dose) or twice (twice dose) before MCAO. The mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects of CRex was examined using the following techniques: brain infarction volume, edema, neurological deficit, novel object recognition test (NORT), forepaw grip strength, and immuno-fluorescence staining. RESULTS Pretreating the mice with CRex once at 1,000 or 3,000 mg/kg and twice at 1,000 mg/kg 1 h before MCAO, brought about a significantly decrease in the infarction volumes. Furthermore, pretreating mice with CRex once at 3,000 mg/kg 1 h before MCAO significantly suppressed the reduction of forepaw grip strength of MCAO-induced mice. In the MCAO-induced group, preadministration of CRex inhibited the reduction in the discrimination ratio brought on by MCAO in a similar manner. CRex exhibited these effects by suppressing the activation of astrocytes and microglia, which regulated the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a novel development for the treatment of ischemic stroke and provides evidence favoring the use of L. chuanxiong rhizomes against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyeon Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sehyun Lim
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- School of Public Health, Far East University, Eumseong, 27601, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Moon
- College of Science & Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng Y, Hu Y, Yan F, Wang R, Tao Z, Fan J, Han Z, Zhao H, Liu P, Zhuang W, Luo Y. Dihydroergotamine protects against ischemic stroke by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization and inhibiting inflammation in mice. Neurol Res 2024; 46:367-377. [PMID: 38468466 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2328481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The search for drugs that can protect the brain tissue and reduce nerve damage in acute ischemic stroke has emerged as a research hotspot. We investigated the potential protective effects and mechanisms of action of dihydroergotamine against ischemic stroke. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and dihydroergotamine at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day was intraperitoneally injected for 14 days. Adhesive removal and beam walking tests were conducted 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after MCAO surgery. Thereafter, the mechanism by which dihydroergotamine regulates microglia/macrophage polarization and inflammation and imparts ischemic stroke protection was studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. RESULTS From the perspective of a drug repurposing strategy, dihydroergotamine was found to inhibit oxygen-glucose deprivation damage to neurons, significantly improve cell survival rate, and likely exert a protective effect on ischemic brain injury. Dihydroergotamine significantly improved neural function scores and survival rates and reduced brain injury severity in mice. Furthermore, dihydroergotamine manifests its protective effect on ischemic brain injury by reducing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in mouse ischemic brain tissue, inhibiting the polarization of microglia/macrophage toward the M1 phenotype and promoting polarization toward the M2 phenotype. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of dihydroergotamine, a first-line treatment for migraine, against ischemic nerve injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Duan Y, Deng Y, Tang F, Li J. Lifibrate attenuates blood-brain barrier damage following ischemic stroke via the MLCK/p-MLC/ZO-1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6135-6146. [PMID: 38546384 PMCID: PMC11042934 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of tight junction proteins-associated damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Lifibrate, an inhibitor of cholinephosphotransferase (CPT), has been used as an agent for serum lipid lowering. However, the protective effects of Lifibrate in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we employed an in vivo mice model of MCAO and an OGD/R model in vitro. In the mice models, neurological deficit scores and infarct volume were assessed. Evans Blue solution was used to detect the BBB permeability. The TEER was examined to determine brain endothelial monolayer permeability. Here, we found that Lifibrate improved neurological dysfunction in stroke. Additionally, increased BBB permeability during stroke was significantly ameliorated by Lifibrate. Correspondingly, the reduced expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was restored by Lifibrate at both the mRNA and protein levels. Using an in vitro model, we found that Lifibrate ameliorated OGD/R-induced injury in human bEnd.3 brain microvascular endothelial cells by increasing cell viability but reducing the release of LDH. Importantly, Lifibrate suppressed the increase in endothelial monolayer permeability and the reduction in TEER induced by OGD/R via the rescue of ZO-1 expression. Mechanistically, Lifibrate blocked activation of the MLCK/ p-MLC signaling pathway in OGD/R-stimulated bEnd.3 cells. In contrast, overexpression of MLCK abolished the protective effects of Lifibrate in endothelial monolayer permeability, TEER, as well as the expression of ZO-1. Our results provide a basis for further investigation into the neuroprotective mechanism of Lifibrate during stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing’an, Shanghai 200040, China
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Bangar A, Khan H, Kaur A, Dua K, Singh TG. Understanding mechanistic aspect of the therapeutic role of herbal agents on neuroplasticity in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117153. [PMID: 37717842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The only FDA-approved therapy for treating stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), exhibiting a short therapeutic window. Due to this reason, only a small number of patients can be benefitted in this critical period. In addition, the use of endovascular interventions may reverse vessel occlusion more effectively and thus help further improve outcomes in experimental stroke. During recovery of blood flow after ischemia, patients experience cognitive, behavioral, affective, emotional, and electrophysiological changes. Therefore, it became the need for an hour to discover a novel strategy for managing stroke. The drug discovery process has focused on developing herbal medicines with neuroprotective effects via modulating neuroplasticity. AIM OF THE STUDY We gather and highlight the most essential traditional understanding of therapeutic plants and their efficacy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, we provide a concise summary and explanation of herbal drugs and their role in improving neuroplasticity. We review the pharmacological activity of polyherbal formulations produced from some of the most frequently referenced botanicals for the treatment of cerebral ischemia damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of bentham, scopus, pubmed, medline, and embase (elsevier) databases was carried out with the help of the keywords like neuroplasticity, herbal drugs, neural progenitor cells, neuroprotection, stem cells. The review was conducted using the above keywords to understand the therapeutic and mechanistic role of herbal neuroprotective agents on neuroplasticity in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury. RESULTS Neuroplasticity emerged as an alternative to improve recovery and management after cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. Neuroplasticity is a physiological process throughout one's life in response to any stimuli and environment. Traditional herbal medicines have been established as an adjuvant to stroke therapy since they were used from ancient times and provided promising effects as an adjuvant to experimental stroke. The plants and phytochemicals such as Curcuma longa L., Moringa oliefera Lam, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., etc., have shown promising effects in improving neuroplasticity after experimental stroke. Such effects occur by modulation of various molecular signalling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, BDNF/CREB, JAK/STAT, HIF-1α/VEGF, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we gave a perspective on plant species that have shown neuroprotective effects and can show promising results in promoting neuroplasticity with specific targets after cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. In this review, we provide the complete detail of studies conducted on the role of herbal drugs in improving neuroplasticity and the signaling pathway involved in the recovery and management of experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Bangar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Yang T, Liu X, Zhou Y, Du L, Fu Y, Luo Y, Zhang W, Feng Z, Ge J, Mei Z. Sanpian decoction ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α pathway through in silico analysis and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116898. [PMID: 37467820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involving multiple factors, and becomes the footstone of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. Sanpian decoction (SPD) has exhibited protective effects against CIRI, migraine, and other cerebral vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of SPD against CIRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were carried out to determine the chemical constituents of SPD. A network pharmacology approach combined with experimental verification was conducted to elucidate SPD's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms in CIRI occurrence. The pharmacodynamics of the decoction was evaluated by establishing the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out, and the therapeutic effects of SPD were performed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining. We used terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry to evaluate cortex apoptosis. The quantification of mRNA and corresponding proteins were performed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot respectively. RESULTS Our research showed that pretreatment with SPD improved neurological function and inhibited CIRI. Network pharmacology revealed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis may be associated with CIRI. In vivo and in vitro experiments, we confirmed that SPD increased cerebral blood flow, improved neural function, and reduced neural apoptosis via up-regulating the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and down-regulating phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK)/ERK and HIF-1α levels in CIRI rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study systematically revealed the potential targets and signaling pathways of SPD in the treatment of CIRI using in silico prediction and verified the therapeutic effects of SPD against CIRI via ameliorating apoptosis by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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Yao SQ, Ye Y, Li Q, Wang XY, Yan L, Huo XM, Pan CS, Fu Y, Liu J, Han JY. YangXueQingNaoWan attenuated blood brain barrier disruption after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in ischemia stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117024. [PMID: 37572928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANT YangXueQingNaoWan (YXQNW), a compound Chinese medicine, has been widely used for dizziness, irritability, insomnia, and dreaminess caused by blood deficiency and liver hyperactivity in China. However, whether YXQNW can inhibit cerebral microvascular exudation and cerebral hemorrhage (CH) caused by blood brain barrier (BBB) damage after tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) still unknown. AIM OF THE RESEARCH To observe the effect of YXQNW on cerebral microvascular exudation and CH after tPA and investigate its mechanism in protecting BBB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice suffered from ischemia stroke by mechanical detachment of carotid artery thrombi with the stimulation of ferric chloride. Then mice were treated with tPA (10 mg/kg) and/or YXQNW (0.72 g/kg) at 4.5 h. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), infarct size, survival rate, neurological scores, gait analysis, Evans blue extravasation, cerebral water content, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin leakage, hemorrhage, junction and basement membrane proteins expression, leukocyte adhesion and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression were evaluated 24 h after tPA. Proteomics was used to identify target proteins. RESULTS YXQNW inhibited cerebral infarction, neurobehavioral deficits, decreased survival, Evans blue leakage, albumin leakage, cerebral water content and CH after tPA thrombolysis; improved CBF, low-expression and degradation of junction proteins, basement membrane proteins, Arhgap21 and its downstream α-catenin and β-catenin proteins expression; and suppressed the increase of adherent leukocytes and the release of MMP-9 derived from macrophage. CONCLUSION YXQNW relieved BBB damage and attenuated cerebral microvascular exudation and CH after tPA thrombolysis. The effect of YXQNW on cerebral microvascular exudation was associated with the inhibition of the low-expression of junction proteins, especially AJs mediated by Rho GTPase-activating protein 21 (Arhgap21), while the effect on CH was associated with the inhibition of leukocyte adhesion, the release of MMP-9 derived from macrophage, and low-expression and degradation of collagen IV and laminin in the vascular basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qi Yao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huo
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; The Key Discipline for Basic Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
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11
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Yang T, Jiang N, Han H, Shui J, Hou M, Kumar G, Tian H, Song L, Ma C, Li X, Ding Z. Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Trends, Hotspots and Prospects. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:151-168. [PMID: 38164351 PMCID: PMC10750336 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular accident with a high risk of neurological deficits. Stem cell therapy has progressively attracted the interest of scientists and clinicians due to the benefits of promoting neural regeneration and regulating the microenvironment surrounding the lesion after ischemic stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate the development trends and research hotspots in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: Publications related to stem cells and ischemic stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science from 2001 to 2022. Data analysis and mapping were performed using VOSviewer, Citespace and ImageGP. Results: In total, 1932 papers were included in the analysis. Publications have steadily increased over the past 22 years. China has contributed the maximum number of publications, whereas the USA ranked first in the total number of citations and was considered the center of the international collaboration network. University of South Florida, Henry Ford Hospital, and Oakland University were the most influential institutions. Stroke, Brain Research, and Neural Regeneration Research were the most productive journals. The research in this field was primarily focused on the effects of stem cells on neurogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, as well as their therapeutic potential for the disease. In addition, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly utilized stem cells. The topics related to miRNA, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, neuroinflammation, and autophagy are current research hotspots. Conclusion: Our bibliometric study provides a novel perspective on the research trends in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. The outcome of this study may benefit scientists to identify research hotspots and development directions, thereby advancing the application of stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hongxia Han
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jing Shui
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Tian
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
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Shi T, Yue S, Xie C, Li X, Yang D, Hu L, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Liu W. MMP-2-mediated Scube2 degradation promotes blood-brain barrier disruption by blocking the interaction between astrocytes and endothelial cells via inhibiting Sonic hedgehog pathway during early cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 38148633 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a rapid secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the ischemic brain. Since Scube2 can interact with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to maintain blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity via regulating the interaction between brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular astrocytes, and it is also a substrate of MMP-2, we hypothesized that the secreted MMP-2 could degrade Scube2 and contribute to ischemic BBB disruption. Using an in vitro ischemic model of 90-min oxygen-glucose deprivation/3-h reoxygenation (OGD/R) and an in vivo mouse stroke model of 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with 3-h reperfusion, we established an important role of MMP-2-mediated Scube2 degradation in early ischemic BBB disruption. Exposure of C8-D1A cells and bEnd.3 cells to OGD/R increased MMP secretion in both cells, and C8-D1A cells appeared to secrete more MMPs than bEnd.3 cells. Co-IP and double-immunostaining revealed that Scube2 co-localized well with MMP-2 in C8-D1A cells and could be pulled down by MMP-2 antibodies. In MCAO mice, Scube2 protein showed a drastic reduction in ischemic brain tissue, which was accompanied by suppressed expression of Shh and its downstream molecules. Of note, specific knockdown of astrocytic Scube2 with AAV-shScube2 augmented MCAO-induced Shh suppression and exacerbated BBB leakage and inflammatory reactions in the ischemic brain. Last, incubation of bEnd.3 cells with conditioned medium derived from OGD-treated C8-D1A cells led to a significant inhibition of the Shh pathway in bEnd.3 cells and degradation of VE-cadherin and ZO-1. Inhibition of MMP-2 with SB-3CT or over-expression of Scube2 with plasmids in C8-D1A cells alleviated the above effect of C8-D1A cells-derived conditioned medium. Taken together, our data indicate that ischemia-induced secretion of MMP-2 may contribute to early BBB disruption in ischemic stroke via interrupting the shared Scube2-Shh pathway between brain capillary ECs and perivascular astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqin Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linghui Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxue Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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13
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She R, Ge J, Mei Z. New Wine in an Old Bottle: tPA for Ischemic Stroke Management. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01209-6. [PMID: 37921975 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
As the only clinical thrombolytic drug approved by the FDA, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the good standard acute treatment against ischemic stroke (IS) during the super-early stage. tPA forms the active principle of alteplase, a recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA), which is well known for its intravascular thrombolytic activity. However, the multifaceted functions of tPA in the central nervous system (CNS) hold untapped potential. Currently, increasing studies have explored the neuroprotective function of tPA in neurological diseases, particularly in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A series of studies have indicated that tPA has anti-excitotoxic, neurotrophic, and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons; it is also involved in neuronal plasticity, axonal regeneration, and cerebral inflammatory processes, but how to deeply understand the underlying mechanism and take maximum advantage of tPA seems to be urgent. Therefore, more work is needed to illuminate how tPA performs with more diverse functions after stroke onset. In this comment, we focus on possible hypotheses about why and how tPA promotes ischemic neuronal survival in a comprehensive view. The text provides a holistic picture of the functions of tPA and enlists the considerations for the future, which might attract more attention toward the therapeutic potential of tPA in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
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Sun S, Xu Y, Yu N, Zhang M, Wang J, Wan D, Tian Z, Zhu H. Catalpol Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Facilitating Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via the VEGF-A/KDR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6227-6247. [PMID: 37439957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally with a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and it has been shown to be protective against various neurological diseases. The potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of catalpol against ischemic stroke using in vivo rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. We demonstrated that catalpol indeed attenuated the neurological deficits caused by dMCAO and improved neurological function. Catalpol remarkably promoted angiogenesis, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the ischemic cortex or hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR, VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 and VEGF-A shRNA were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SU5416 administration or VEGF-A-shRNA transfection both attenuated the effects of catalpol. We also found that catalpol promoted the proliferation of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was also inhibited by SU5416. Moreover, catalpol was shown to protect NSCs against OGD indirectly by promoting BMEC proliferation in the co-cultured system. Taken together, catalpol showed therapeutic potential in cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis and NSC proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of catalpol were mediated through VEGF-A/KDR pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningxi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zhao BH, Ruze A, Zhao L, Li QL, Tang J, Xiefukaiti N, Gai MT, Deng AX, Shan XF, Gao XM. The role and mechanisms of microvascular damage in the ischemic myocardium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:341. [PMID: 37898977 PMCID: PMC11073328 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial ischemic injury, the most effective clinical intervention is timely restoration of blood perfusion to ischemic but viable myocardium to reduce irreversible myocardial necrosis, limit infarct size, and prevent cardiac insufficiency. However, reperfusion itself may exacerbate cell death and myocardial injury, a process commonly referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which primarily involves cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and is characterized by myocardial stunning, microvascular damage (MVD), reperfusion arrhythmia, and lethal reperfusion injury. MVD caused by I/R has been a neglected problem compared to myocardial injury. Clinically, the incidence of microvascular angina and/or no-reflow due to ineffective coronary perfusion accounts for 5-50% in patients after acute revascularization. MVD limiting drug diffusion into injured myocardium, is strongly associated with the development of heart failure. CMECs account for > 60% of the cardiac cellular components, and their role in myocardial I/R injury cannot be ignored. There are many studies on microvascular obstruction, but few studies on microvascular leakage, which may be mainly due to the lack of corresponding detection methods. In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations, related mechanisms of MVD during myocardial I/R, laboratory and clinical examination means, as well as the research progress on potential therapies for MVD in recent years. Better understanding the characteristics and risk factors of MVD in patients after hemodynamic reconstruction is of great significance for managing MVD, preventing heart failure and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Amanguli Ruze
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Nilupaer Xiefukaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Min-Tao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - An-Xia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China.
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16
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Fu J, Liang H, Yuan P, Wei Z, Zhong P. Brain pericyte biology: from physiopathological mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1267785. [PMID: 37780206 PMCID: PMC10536258 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1267785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes play an indispensable role in various organs and biological processes, such as promoting angiogenesis, regulating microvascular blood flow, and participating in immune responses. Therefore, in this review, we will first introduce the discovery and development of pericytes, identification methods and functional characteristics, then focus on brain pericytes, on the one hand, to summarize the functions of brain pericytes under physiological conditions, mainly discussing from the aspects of stem cell characteristics, contractile characteristics and paracrine characteristics; on the other hand, to summarize the role of brain pericytes under pathological conditions, mainly taking ischemic stroke as an example. Finally, we will discuss and analyze the application and development of pericytes as therapeutic targets, providing the research basis and direction for future microvascular diseases, especially ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
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17
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Babenko VA, Fedulova KS, Silachev DN, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Kalyuzhnaya YN, Demyanenko SV, Plotnikov EY. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Hemorrhagic Transformation in the Treatment of Stroke with Tissue Plasminogen Activator. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1175. [PMID: 37511788 PMCID: PMC10381732 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. The only approved treatment for ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), though this approach often leads to a severe complication: hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The pathophysiology of HT in response to tPA is complex and not fully understood. However, numerous scientific findings suggest that the enzymatic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in brain tissue play a crucial role. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the functioning of various MMPs at different stages of ischemic stroke development and their association with HT. We also discuss the mechanisms that underlie the effect of tPA on MMPs as the main cause of the adverse effects of thrombolytic therapy. Finally, we describe recent research that aimed to develop new strategies to modulate MMP activity to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. The ultimate goal is to provide more targeted and personalized treatment options for patients with ischemic stroke to minimize complications and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Fedulova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Yulia N Kalyuzhnaya
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Demyanenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Barreto-Arce LJ, Kim HA, Chan ST, Lim R, Drummond GR, Ma H, Phan TG, Sobey CG, Zhang SR. Protection against brain injury after ischemic stroke by intravenous human amnion epithelial cells in combination with tissue plasminogen activator. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1157236. [PMID: 37397458 PMCID: PMC10311557 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1157236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombolytic agents such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are the only drug class approved to treat ischemic stroke and are usually administered within 4.5 h. However, only ~20% of ischemic stroke patients are eligible to receive the therapy. We previously demonstrated that early intravenous administration of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) can limit brain inflammation and infarct growth in experimental stroke. Here, we have tested whether hAECs exert cerebroprotective effects in combination with tPA in mice. Methods Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 min followed by reperfusion. Immediately following reperfusion, vehicle (saline, n = 31) or tPA (10 mg/kg; n = 73) was administered intravenously. After 30 min of reperfusion, tPA-treated mice were injected intravenously with either hAECs (1×106; n = 32) or vehicle (2% human serum albumin; n = 41). A further 15 sham-operated mice were treated with vehicle (n = 7) or tPA + vehicle (n = 8). Mice were designated to be euthanised at 3, 6 or 24 h post-stroke (n = 21, 31, and 52, respectively), and brains were collected to assess infarct volume, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, intracerebral bleeding and inflammatory cell content. Results There was no mortality within 6 h of stroke onset, but a high mortality occurred in tPA + saline-treated mice between 6 h and 24 h post-stroke in comparison to mice treated with tPA + hAECs (61% vs. 27%, p = 0.04). No mortality occurred within 24 h of sham surgery in mice treated with tPA + vehicle. We focused on early infarct expansion within 6 h of stroke and found that infarction was ~50% larger in tPA + saline- than in vehicle-treated mice (23 ± 3 mm3 vs. 15 ± 2 mm3, p = 0.02) but not in mice receiving tPA + hAECs (13 ± 2 mm3, p < 0.01 vs. tPA + saline) in which intracerebral hAECs were detected. Similar to the profiles of infarct expansion, BBB disruption and intracerebral bleeding in tPA + saline-treated mice at 6 h was 50-60% greater than in vehicle-treated controls (2.6 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.05) but not after tPA + hAECs treatment (1.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.10 vs. tPA + saline). No differences in inflammatory cell content were detected between treatment groups. Conclusion When administered following tPA in acute stroke, hAECs improve safety and attenuate infarct growth in association with less BBB disruption and lower 24 h mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J. Barreto-Arce
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Siow Teng Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- Clinical Trials, Imaging and Informatics (CTI) Division, Stroke and Ageing Research (STARC), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thanh G. Phan
- Clinical Trials, Imaging and Informatics (CTI) Division, Stroke and Ageing Research (STARC), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Shenpeng R. Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Zbesko JC, Stokes J, Becktel DA, Doyle KP. Targeting foam cell formation to improve recovery from ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106130. [PMID: 37068641 PMCID: PMC10993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial part of the healing process after an ischemic stroke and is required to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the inflammatory response to stroke also worsens neurodegeneration and creates a tissue environment that is unfavorable to regeneration for several months, thereby postponing recovery. In animal models, inflammation can also contribute to the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Myeloid cells that take on a foamy appearance are one of the most prominent immune cell types within chronic stroke infarcts. Emerging evidence indicates that they form as a result of mechanisms of myelin lipid clearance becoming overwhelmed, and that they are a key driver of the chronic inflammatory response to stroke. Therefore, targeting lipid accumulation in foam cells may be a promising strategy for improving recovery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding inflammation and foam cell formation in the brain in the weeks and months following ischemic stroke and identify targets that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychology, Arizona Center on Aging, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States.
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Pawletko K, Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H, Bogus K, Pascale A, Fahmideh F, Marchesi N, Grajoszek A, Gendosz de Carrillo D, Barski JJ. After Ischemic Stroke, Minocycline Promotes a Protective Response in Neurons via the RNA-Binding Protein HuR, with a Positive Impact on Motor Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119446. [PMID: 37298395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of adult disability and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a serious socio-economic impact. In the present work, we used a new thromboembolic model, recently developed in our lab, to induce focal cerebral ischemic (FCI) stroke in rats without reperfusion. We analyzed selected proteins implicated in the inflammatory response (such as the RNA-binding protein HuR, TNFα, and HSP70) via immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a single administration of minocycline at a low dose (1 mg/kg intravenously administered 10 min after FCI) on the neurons localized in the penumbra area after an ischemic stroke. Furthermore, given the importance of understanding the crosstalk between molecular parameters and motor functions following FCI, motor tests were also performed, such as the Horizontal Runway Elevated test, CatWalk™ XT, and Grip Strength test. Our results indicate that a single administration of a low dose of minocycline increased the viability of neurons and reduced the neurodegeneration caused by ischemia, resulting in a significant reduction in the infarct volume. At the molecular level, minocycline resulted in a reduction in TNFα content coupled with an increase in the levels of both HSP70 and HuR proteins in the penumbra area. Considering that both HSP70 and TNF-α transcripts are targeted by HuR, the obtained results suggest that, following FCI, this RNA-binding protein promotes a protective response by shifting its binding towards HSP70 instead of TNF-α. Most importantly, motor tests showed that reduced inflammation in the brain damaged area after minocycline treatment directly translated into a better motor performance, which is a fundamental outcome when searching for new therapeutic options for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pawletko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Halina Jędrzejowska-Szypułka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Foroogh Fahmideh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daria Gendosz de Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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21
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Khedr EM, Abdelwarith A, Moussa GM, Saber M. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) management for first onset acute ischemic stroke with covid -19 and non-covid -19 patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107031. [PMID: 36701854 PMCID: PMC9868389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) is one of the well-known complications of coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19), but less is known about the outcome and safety of thrombolytic therapy in these patients. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of Tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with or without Covid-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative prospective study in which all patients who presented with AIS and eligible for rTPA were recruited from the emergency department and classified into 2 groups (AIS with Covid-19 infection and AIS without Covid-19 as controls). Demographic data, symptoms of Covid-19, clinical examination, neuroimaging, and laboratory investigations were obtained in each patient. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were assessed before, immediately after rTPA, and 3 months later. RESULTS There were 22 patients in the COVID-19 group and 25 control patients. Those with COVID-19 were more likely to have a history of smoking and Diabetes Mellitus than controls. On admission, motor symptoms were more severe in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients were more likely to have symptomatic intra-cerebral hemorrhage and radiological hemorrhagic transformation than controls. Onset to door time (ODT) and onset to successful reperfusion time were significantly longer in Covid-19 patients than controls. Clinical improvement and frequency of re-occlusion and recurrent ischemic stroke at 3 months follow-up did not differ between groups, although there was higher number of deaths (27.3%) in the Covid-19 group than controls (16%). CONCLUSIONS Using rTPA is safe and effective in patients with AIS with or without COVID-19 infection despite the high frequency of hemorrhagic transformation and high number of deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,Corresponding author
| | | | - Gehad M Moussa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Saber
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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22
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Animal toxins: As an alternative therapeutic target following ischemic stroke condition. Life Sci 2023; 317:121365. [PMID: 36640901 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Ischemic stroke (IS) has become the second leading cause of mortality and chronic disability. The process of IS has triggered by the blockages of blood vessels to form clots in the brain which initiates multiple interactions with the key signaling pathways, counting excitotoxicity, acidosis, ionic imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction of cells, and ultimately cells going under apoptosis. Currently, FDA has approved only tissue plasminogen activator therapy, which is effective against IS with few limitations. However, the mechanism of excitotoxicity and acidosis has spurred the investigation of a potential candidate for IS therapy. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) get activated and disturb the brain's normal physiology. Animal toxins are novel inhibitors of ASICs and VDCCs channels and have provided neuroprotective insights into the pathophysiology of IS. This review will discuss the potential directions of translational ASICs and VDCCs inhibitors research for clinical therapies.
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23
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Li R, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Fan X. Gomisin N attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154644. [PMID: 36634381 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major global cause of mortality and permanent disability. Studies have shown that autophagy is essential to maintain cell homeostasis and inevitably lead to neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Gomisin N (GN), lignin isolated from Schisandra chinensis, possesses multiple pharmacological activities. However, there is no research on the potential of GN for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke. PURPOSE The current work aimed to explore the potential therapeutic possibilities of GN on ischemic stroke and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN The neuroprotective effects of GN on PC12 cells induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury were investigated. METHODS On day 3 after ischemia, the infarct volume and neurological function were assessed. The level of autophagy was measured in vivo and in vitro using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. The interaction between GN and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was investigated by molecular docking. Additionally, the expressions of critical proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy markers were determined by western blotting. RESULTS In compared to the Model group, GN might considerably improve the neurological and locomotor function following a stroke, as well as lower the volume of the cerebral infarct volume and the number of autophagosomes. GN therapy may suppress autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the penumbra. In vitro, MDC and TEM results showed that GN treatment obviously suppressed autophagy. Meanwhile, GN downregulated LC3II/LC3I expression ratio while upregulated the p62 expression level. In further studies, GN dramatically boosted the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins in PC12 cells following OGD/R damage. However, the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) reversed the increase of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR expression ratio induced by GN administration. Also, LY294002 significantly partially attenuated GN induced reduction of autophagy and increase of cell viability compared with GN treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Here, we first demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of GN on MCAO mice and OGD/R induced PC12 cells injury. A possible mechanism by which GN prevents ischemic stroke is proposed: GN could restrain autophagy by stimulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. More effects and mechanisms of GN on the rehabilitation of ischemic stroke are worthy to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yingyi Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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24
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Predictive Value of CT Perfusion in Hemorrhagic Transformation after Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010156. [PMID: 36672136 PMCID: PMC9856940 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Existing studies indicate that some computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters may predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but there is an inconsistency in the conclusions alongside a lack of comprehensive comparison. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the predictive value of CTP parameters in HT after AIS. Data sources: A systematical literature review of existing studies was conducted up to 1st October 2022 in six mainstream databases that included original data on the CTP parameters of HT and non-HT groups or on the diagnostic performance of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative permeability-surface area product (rPS), or relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in patients with AIS that completed CTP within 24 h of onset. Data Synthesis: Eighteen observational studies were included. HT and non-HT groups had statistically significant differences in CBF, CBV, PS, rCBF, rCBV, and rPS (p < 0.05 for all). The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) revealed that rCBF (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9), rPS (AUC = 0.89), and rCBV (AUC = 0.85) had moderate diagnostic performances in predicting HT. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of rCBF were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75−0.91) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63−0.94), respectively. Conclusions: rCBF, rPS, and rCBV had moderate diagnostic performances in predicting HT, and rCBF had the best pooled sensitivity and specificity.
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25
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Advanced molecular therapies for neurological diseases: focus on stroke, alzheimer's disease, and parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:19-36. [PMID: 36066674 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases (NDs) are one of the leading causes of disability and the second leading cause of death globally. Among these stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs. A rise in the absolute number of individuals affected with these diseases indicates that the current treatment strategies in management and prevention of these debilitating diseases are not effective sufficiently. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are being explored to cure these diseases by addressing the causative mechanisms at the molecular level. Advanced therapies like gene therapy (gene editing and gene silencing) and stem cell therapies aim to cure diseases by gene editing, gene silencing and tissue regeneration, respectively. Gene editing results in the deletion of the aberrant gene or insertion of the corrected gene which can be executed using the CRISPR/Cas gene editing tool a promising treatment strategy being explored for many other prevalent diseases. Gene silencing using siRNA silences the gene by inhibiting protein translation, thereby silencing its expression. Stem cell therapy aims to regenerate damaged cells or tissues because of their ability to divide into any type of cell in the human body. Among these approaches, gene editing and gene silencing have currently been applied in vitro and to animal models, while stem cell therapy has reached the clinical trial stage for the treatment of NDs. The current status of these strategies suggests a promising outcome in their clinical translation.
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Behzadifard M, Aboutaleb N, Dolatshahi M, Khorramizadeh M, Mirshekari Jahangiri H, Kord Z, Nazarinia D. Neuroprotective Effects of Conditioned Medium of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC-CM) as a Therapy for Ischemic Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1280-1292. [PMID: 36581731 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the therapeutic potential of stem cells is mainly mediated by their paracrine factors. In order to identify the effects of conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) against stroke, a systematic review was conducted. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases for all available articles relevant to the effects of MSC-CM against the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke until August 2022. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using The STAIR scale. During the systematic search, a total of 356 published articles were found. A total of 15 datasets were included following screening for eligibility. The type of cerebral ischemia was the MCAO model and CM was obtained from MSCs. The results showed that the therapeutic time window can be considered a crucial factor when researchers use MSC-CM for stroke therapy. In addition, MSC-CM therapy contributes to functional recovery and reduces infarct volume after stroke by targeting different cellular signaling pathways. Our findings showed that MSC-CM therapy has the ability to improve functional recovery and attenuate brain infarct volume after ischemic stroke in preclinical studies. We hope our study accelerates needed progress towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Dolatshahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Maryam Khorramizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Kord
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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27
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Choi M, Lim C, Lee BK, Cho S. Amelioration of Brain Damage after Treatment with the Methanolic Extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122776. [PMID: 36559268 PMCID: PMC9781260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GR) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries. GR was the most frequently used medicine among stroke patients in Donguibogam, the most representative book in Korean medicine. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the GR methanolic extract (GRex) on an ischemic stroke mice model. Ischemic stroke was induced by a 90 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and GRex was administered to mice with oral gavage after reperfusion of MCA blood flow. The MCAO-induced edema and infarction volume was measured, and behavioral changes were evaluated by a novel object recognition test (NORT). Immunofluorescence stains and Western blotting identified underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of GRex. GRex post-treatment in mice with MCAO showed potent effects in reducing cerebral edema and infarction at 125 mg/kg but no effects when the dosage was much lower or higher than 125 mg/kg. GRex inhibited the decrease of spontaneous motor activity and novel object recognition functions. The neuroprotective effects of GRex on ischemic stroke were due to its regulation of inflammation-related neuronal cells, such as microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5270 (C.L.); +82-51-510-8457 (S.C.)
| | - Boo-Kyun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5270 (C.L.); +82-51-510-8457 (S.C.)
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28
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Asgari Taei A, Khodabakhsh P, Nasoohi S, Farahmandfar M, Dargahi L. Paracrine Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6281-6306. [PMID: 35922728 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that neuroprotective effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic stroke are attributed to their paracrine-mediated actions or bystander effects rather than to cell replacement in infarcted areas. This therapeutic plasticity is due to MSCs' ability to secrete a broad range of bioactive molecules including growth factors, trophic factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, overall known as the secretome. The secretome derivatives, such as conditioned medium (CM) or purified extracellular vesicles (EVs), exert remarkable advantages over MSC transplantation in stroke treating. Here, in this review, we used published information to provide an overview on the secretome composition of MSCs, underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects of MSCs, and preclinical studies on MSC-derived products application in stroke. Furthermore, we discussed current advantages and challenges for successful bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Wang D, Ousaka D, Qiao H, Wang Z, Zhao K, Gao S, Liu K, Teshigawara K, Takada K, Nishibori M. Treatment of Marmoset Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Humanized Anti-HMGB1 mAb. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192970. [PMID: 36230933 PMCID: PMC9563572 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is recognized as a severe clinical problem lacking effective treatment. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory cytokine-like activity once released into the extracellular space from the nuclei. We previously demonstrated that intravenous injection of rat anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) remarkably ameliorated brain injury in a rat ICH model. Therefore, we developed a humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb (OKY001) for clinical use. The present study examined whether and how the humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb ameliorates ICH injury in common marmosets. The results show that administration of humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb inhibited HMGB1 release from the brain into plasma, in association with a decrease of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation and a decrease in cerebral iron deposition. In addition, humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment resulted in a reduction in brain injury volume at 12 d after ICH induction. Our in vitro experiment showed that recombinant HMGB1 inhibited hemoglobin uptake by macrophages through CD163 in the presence of haptoglobin, suggesting that the release of excess HMGB1 from the brain may induce a delay in hemoglobin scavenging, thereby allowing the toxic effects of hemoglobin, heme, and Fe2+ to persist. Finally, humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb reduced body weight loss and improved behavioral performance after ICH. Taken together, these results suggest that intravenous injection of humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Daiki Ousaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Handong Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 1020083, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Shangze Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takada
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo 0606642, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research and Drug Development, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Mousavi SM, Akbarpour B, Karimi-Haghighi S, Pandamooz S, Belém-Filho IJA, Masís-Calvo M, Salimi H, Lashanizadegan R, Pouramini A, Owjfard M, Hooshmandi E, Bayat M, Zafarmand SS, Dianatpour M, Salehi MS, Borhani-Haghighi A. Therapeutic potential of hair follicle-derived stem cell intranasal transplantation in a rat model of ischemic stroke. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:47. [PMID: 35879657 PMCID: PMC9316709 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-based therapy has received considerable attention as a potential candidate in the treatment of ischemic stroke; however, employing an appropriate type of stem cells and an effective delivery route are still challenging. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of safe, noninvasive, and brain-targeted intranasal administration of hair follicle-derived stem cells (HFSCs) in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS Stem cells were obtained from the adult rat hair follicles. In experiment 1, stroke was induced by 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and stem cells were intranasally transplanted immediately after ischemia. In experiment 2, stroke was induced by 120 min MCAO and stem cells were administered 24 h after cerebral ischemia. In all experimental groups, neurological performance, short-term spatial working memory and infarct volume were assessed. Moreover, relative expression of major trophic factors in the striatum and cortex was evaluated by the quantitative PCR technique. The end point of experiment 1 was day 3 and the end point of experiment 2 was day 15. RESULTS In both experiments, intranasal administration of HFSCs improved functional performance and decreased infarct volume compared to the MCAO rats. Furthermore, NeuN and VEGF expression were higher in the transplanted group and stem cell therapy partially prevented BDNF and neurotrophin-3 over-expression induced by cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the curative potential of HFSCs following intranasal transplantation in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Akbarpour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | | | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Haniye Salimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Lashanizadegan
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Asgari Taei A, Dargahi L, Khodabakhsh P, Kadivar M, Farahmandfar M. Hippocampal neuroprotection mediated by secretome of human mesenchymal stem cells against experimental stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1425-1438. [PMID: 35715988 PMCID: PMC9344087 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Regenerative medicine literature has demonstrated that the therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in experimental stroke are attributed to secreted bioactive factors rather than to cell replacement. Here, we explored the effects of secretome or conditioned medium (CM) derived from human embryonic stem cell‐derived MSCs (hESC‐MSCs) on hippocampal neurogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis in experimental stroke. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male Wistar rats, and CM was infused either one time (1‐h post‐stroke; CM1) or three times (1‐, 24‐, and 48‐h post‐stroke; CM3) into left lateral ventricle. Neurogenesis markers (Nestin, Ki67, Doublecortin, and Reelin) were assessed at transcript and protein levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus on day seven following MCAO. In parallel, changes in the gene expression of markers of apoptosis (Bax and Bim, as well as an anti‐apoptotic marker of Bcl2), inflammation (IL‐1β and IL‐6, as well as IL‐10 as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine), trophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and NT‐3), and angiogenesis (CD31 and VEGF) in the hippocampus were assessed. Results Our results demonstrate that CM3 treatment could stimulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis concomitant with inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis, and neuronal loss in ischemic brains. Furthermore, rats treated with CM3 exhibited upregulation in neurotrophic factors. Conclusion Our results suggest that hESC‐MSC‐CM could promote neurogenesis and protect brain tissue from ischemic injury, partly mediated by induction of angiogenesis and neurotrophic factors and inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic factors expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Chen J, Lin X, Yao C, Bingwa LA, Wang H, Lin Z, Jin K, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Transplantation of Roxadustat-preconditioned bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function recovery through enhancing grafted cell survival in ischemic stroke rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1519-1531. [PMID: 35695696 PMCID: PMC9437235 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke is limited by its low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Roxadustat (FG-4592) pretreatment could promote the survival rate of grafted BMSCs and improve neurological function deficits in ischemia rats. METHODS Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were constructed as stroke models in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected to evaluate BMSCs apoptosis. Infarct volume and neurobehavioral score were applied to evaluate functional recovery. Inflammatory cytokine expression, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial M1 polarization were assessed to confirm the enhanced neurological recovery after FG-4592 pretreatment. RESULTS FG-4592 promoted autophagy level to inhibit OGD-induced apoptosis through HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway. GFP and Ki67 double staining showed an improved survival rate of BMSCs in the FG-4592 group, whereas infarct volume and neurobehavioral score verified its enhanced neurological recovery activity simultaneously. NeuN and Iba-1 fluorescence staining showed improved neural survival and decreased microglial activation, along with decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels through the TLR-4/NF-kB pathway. CONCLUSIONS FG-4592 pretreated BMSCs improve neurological function recovery after stroke and are likely to be a promising strategy for stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lebohang Anesu Bingwa
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ye Y, Zhu YT, Xin XY, Zhang JC, Zhang HL, Li D. Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154072. [PMID: 35349833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the sole FDA approved thrombolytic drug for ischemic stroke. But delayed thrombolytic therapy with tPA may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Many Chinese herbal medicines have been used as tPA helpers to enhance the capacity of tPA and minimize the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis is not systematically analyzed. METHODS We searched the following three databases up to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies that reported the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines on tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke were included. The efficacy outcomes were neurological score and infarct volume, the safety outcomes were cerebral hemorrhage and blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. We used the checklist of CAMARADES to assess the quality of included studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess all the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method and Egger's test were used to assess the potential publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify the stability of the results. RESULTS A total of nine studies including 11 Chinese herbal medicines fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. The pooled data demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines improved neurological score (2.23 SMD, 1.42-3.04), infarct volume (1.08 SMD, 0.62-1.54), attenuated cerebral hemorrhage (1.87 SMD, 1.34-2.4), and BBB dysfunction (1.9 SMD, 1.35-2.45) following tPA thrombolysis in experimental stroke. Subgroup analysis indicated that the route of drug delivery, dosage of tPA, and stroke model used may be factors inducing heterogeneity and influencing the efficacy. CONCLUSION Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines significantly improved neurological score and infarct volume, reduced cerebral hemorrhage and BBB damage after tPA thrombolysis. This study supports Chinese herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the side effects of tPA thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. The results should be interpreted with more caution since this article was based on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tian Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yan Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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34
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Cai D, Luo Z, Su J, Gan H, Wang Z, Liu X, Li S, Wu J, Chen J, Ma R, Huang M, Zhong G. Exposure-Response Analysis and Mechanism of Ginkgolide B’s Neuroprotective Effect in Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Stage in Rat. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:409-420. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dake Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhongxing Luo
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jiyan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Haining Gan
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Siyi Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jiangying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Renqiang Ma
- Guangzhou Boji Medical Biotechnological Co., Ltd
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University
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35
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Yang R, Shen YJ, Chen M, Zhao JY, Chen SH, Zhang W, Song JK, Li L, Du GH. Quercetin attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury by protecting the blood-brain barrier through Sirt1 in MCAO rats. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:278-289. [PMID: 34292112 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1949302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the protective action and mechanisms of quercetin on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and reperfusion. Quercetin (10, 30, 50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at the onset of reperfusion. The results showed that quercetin significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, neurological deficit, BBB permeability and ROS generation via Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, EX527, a selective inhibitor of Sirt1, reversed these neuroprotective effects. Our findings indicate that quercetin has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting BBB through Sirt1 signaling pathway in MCAO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Jia Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Han Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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36
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Tang MY, Gorin FA, Lein PJ. Review of evidence implicating the plasminogen activator system in blood-brain barrier dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease. AGEING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2022; 2. [PMID: 35156107 PMCID: PMC8830591 DOI: 10.20517/and.2022.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to identify therapeutic targets has been the focus of many decades of research. While deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau have historically been the two characteristic hallmarks of AD pathology, therapeutic strategies targeting these proteinopathies have not been successful in the clinics. Neuroinflammation has been gaining more attention as a therapeutic target because increasing evidence implicates neuroinflammation as a key factor in the early onset of AD disease progression. The peripheral immune response has emerged as an important contributor to the chronic neuroinflammation associated with AD pathophysiology. In this context, the plasminogen activator system (PAS), also referred to as the vasculature’s fibrinolytic system, is emerging as a potential factor in AD pathogenesis. Evolving evidence suggests that the PAS plays a role in linking chronic peripheral inflammatory conditions to neuroinflammation in the brain. While the PAS is better known for its peripheral functions, components of the PAS are expressed in the brain and have been demonstrated to alter neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation. Here, we review plasmin-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which the PAS modulates the BBB in AD pathogenesis and discuss therapeutic implications of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yun Tang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fredric A Gorin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zeng J, Bao T, Yang K, Zhu X, Wang S, Xiang W, Ge A, Zeng L, Ge J. The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1047550. [PMID: 36818470 PMCID: PMC9933144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | | | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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38
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Hurd MD, Goel I, Sakai Y, Teramura Y. Current status of ischemic stroke treatment: From thrombolysis to potential regenerative medicine. Regen Ther 2021; 18:408-417. [PMID: 34722837 PMCID: PMC8517544 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and is expected to increase in the future with the aging population. Currently, there are no clinically available treatments for damage sustained during an ischemic stroke, but much research is being conducted in this area. In this review, we will introduce current ischemic stroke treatments along with their limitations, as well as research on potential short and long-term future treatments. There are advantages and disadvantages in these potential treatments, but our understanding of these methods and their effectiveness in clinical trials are improving. We are confident that some future treatments introduced in this review will become commonly used in clinical settings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Daniel Hurd
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Isha Goel
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute (CMB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Animal models are indispensable tools that can mimic stroke processes and can be used for investigating mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic regimens. As a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology, mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is impossible. Each model has unique strengths and weaknesses. Models such as transient or permanent intraluminal thread occlusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models and thromboembolic models are the most commonly used in simulating human ischemic stroke. The endovascular filament occlusion model is characterized by easy manipulation and accurately controllable reperfusion and is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury. Although the reproducibility of the embolic model is poor, it is more convenient for investigating thrombolysis. Rats are the most frequently used animal model for stroke. This review mainly outlines the stroke models of rats and discusses their strengths and shortcomings in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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41
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
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Asgari Taei A, Nasoohi S, Hassanzadeh G, Kadivar M, Dargahi L, Farahmandfar M. Enhancement of angiogenesis and neurogenesis by intracerebroventricular injection of secretome from human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic stroke model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111709. [PMID: 34020250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that the success of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy against experimental stroke is mainly due to cellular paracrine manners rather than to replace lost tissue per se. Given such "bystander" effects, cell-free therapeutics manifest as a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Here we aimed at evaluating the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from human embryonic MSCs (hESC-MSC) on the neurological deficit, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in experimental stroke. Adult male Wistar rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), were treated with intracerebroventricular CM either one time (1 h post MCAO) or three times (1, 24, and 48 h post MCAO). Motor performance was assessed by the cylinder test on days 3 and 7. Cerebral samples were obtained for infarct size and molecular analysis on day 7 post-injury. Neurogenesis was evaluated by probing Nestin, Ki67, DCX, and Reelin transcripts and protein levels in the striatum, cortex, subventricular zone, and corpus callosum. The mRNA and protein expression of CD31 were also assessed in the striatum and cortical region to estimate angiogenesis post MCAO. Our findings demonstrate that CM treatment could significantly ameliorate neurological deficits and infarct volume in MCAO rats. Furthermore, ischemic stroke was associated with higher levels of neurogenesis and angiogenesis markers. Following treatment with CM, these markers were further potentiated in the brain regions. This study suggests that the therapeutic benefits of CM obtained from hESC-MSCs at least partly are mediated through improved neurogenesis and angiogenesis to accelerate the recovery of cerebral ischemia insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang L, Guo Y, Ye J, Pan Z, Hu P, Zhong X, Qiu F, Zhang D, Huang Z. Protective Effect of Piceatannol Against Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway In Vivo and Vitro. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1869-1880. [PMID: 34031841 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol is a natural plant-derived compound with protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) induced by oxidative stress remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate piceatannol's antioxidation in CIRI. An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation model was used and cell viability was measured. A middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion model was used in vivo. Neurological function, encephalisation quotient, oedema, and volume of the cerebral infarction were then evaluated. The effects of piceatannol on histopathological findings, as well as the ultrastructure of the cortex, were analysed. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in cerebral tissue was detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that cell viability in the piceatannol groups was increased. The SOD, GSH-Px activities were increased as LDH activity and MDA content decreased in the piceatannol groups both in vitro and in vivo, reflecting a decrease in oxidative stress. The neurological severity score and infarction volume in the piceatannol groups at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg were lower than those of the model group. Furthermore, the damage seen on histopathological examination was partially attenuated by piceatannol. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis indicated that the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 were significantly increased by piceatannol. The results of the study demonstrate that piceatannol exerts a protective effect against CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Guo
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyue Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihao Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fengmei Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
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44
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Baicalein, Baicalin, and Wogonin: Protective Effects against Ischemia-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Brain and Retina. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8377362. [PMID: 34306315 PMCID: PMC8263226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8377362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a common pathological condition present in many neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemic stroke, retinal vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, threatening the sight and lives of millions of people globally. Ischemia can trigger excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, leading to the disruption of tissue homeostasis and, ultimately, cell death. Current therapies are very limited and have a narrow time window for effective treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic options for ischemia-induced neural injuries. With emerging reports on the pharmacological properties of natural flavonoids, these compounds present potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agents for the treatment of ischemic insults. Three major active flavonoids, baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin, have been extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis); all of which are reported to have low cytotoxicity. They have been demonstrated to exert promising pharmacological capabilities in preventing cell and tissue damage. This review focuses on the therapeutic potentials of these flavonoids against ischemia-induced neurotoxicity and damage in the brain and retina. The bioactivity and bioavailability of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin are also discussed. It is with hope that the therapeutic potential of these flavonoids can be utilized and developed as natural treatments for ischemia-induced injuries of the central nervous system (CNS).
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45
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Pan R, Liu W, Liu KJ. MMP-2/9-cleaved occludin promotes endothelia cell death in ischemic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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46
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Saralkar P, Mdzinarishvili A, Arsiwala TA, Lee YK, Sullivan PG, Pinti MV, Hollander JM, Kelley EE, Ren X, Hu H, Simpkins J, Brown C, Hazlehurst LE, Huber JD, Geldenhuys WJ. The Mitochondrial mitoNEET Ligand NL-1 Is Protective in a Murine Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Pharm Res 2021; 38:803-817. [PMID: 33982226 PMCID: PMC8298128 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic strategies to treat ischemic stroke are limited due to the heterogeneity of cerebral ischemic injury and the mechanisms that contribute to the cell death. Since oxidative stress is one of the primary mechanisms that cause brain injury post-stroke, we hypothesized that therapeutic targets that modulate mitochondrial function could protect against reperfusion-injury after cerebral ischemia, with the focus here on a mitochondrial protein, mitoNEET, that modulates cellular bioenergetics. METHOD In this study, we evaluated the pharmacology of the mitoNEET ligand NL-1 in an in vivo therapeutic role for NL-1 in a C57Bl/6 murine model of ischemic stroke. RESULTS NL-1 decreased hydrogen peroxide production with an IC50 of 5.95 μM in neuronal cells (N2A). The in vivo activity of NL-1 was evaluated in a murine 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) model of ischemic stroke. We found that mice treated with NL-1 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at time of reperfusion and allowed to recover for 24 h showed a 43% reduction in infarct volume and 68% reduction in edema compared to sham-injured mice. Additionally, we found that when NL-1 was administered 15 min post-t-MCAO, the ischemia volume was reduced by 41%, and stroke-associated edema by 63%. CONCLUSION As support of our hypothesis, as expected, NL-1 failed to reduce stroke infarct in a permanent photothrombotic occlusion model of stroke. This report demonstrates the potential therapeutic benefits of using mitoNEET ligands like NL-1 as novel mitoceuticals for treating reperfusion-injury with cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Alexander Mdzinarishvili
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tasneem A Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Yoon-Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal and Brain Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John M Hollander
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - James Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Candice Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lori E Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Jason D Huber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Ismael S, Nasoohi S, Yoo A, Mirzahosseini G, Ahmed HA, Ishrat T. Verapamil as an Adjunct Therapy to Reduce tPA Toxicity in Hyperglycemic Stroke: Implication of TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3792-3804. [PMID: 33847912 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy has remained quite challenging in hyperglycemic patients for its association with poor prognosis and increased hemorrhagic conversions. We recently showed that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced cerebrovascular damage is associated with thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) upregulation, which has an established role in the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia. In the present work, we investigated whether verapamil, an established TXNIP inhibitor, may provide protection against hyperglycemic stroke and tPA-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 20% glucose, 15 min prior to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) or saline was intravenously infused with tPA at hyperglycemic reperfusion, 1 h post tMCAO. After 24 h of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), mice were assessed for neurobehavioral deficits followed by sacrifice and evaluation of brain infarct volume, edema, and microbleeding. Alterations in TXNIP, inflammatory mediators, and BBB markers were further analyzed using immunoblotting or immunostaining techniques. As adjunctive therapy, verapamil significantly reduced tPA-induced BBB leakage, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) upregulation, and tight junction protein deregulation, which resulted in lesser hemorrhagic conversions. Importantly, verapamil strongly reversed tPA-induced TXNIP/NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome activation and reduced infarct volume. This concurred with a remarkable decrease in high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) stimulation, leading to less priming of NLRP3 inflammasome. This preclinical study supports verapamil as a safe adjuvant that may complement thrombolytic therapy by inhibiting TXNIP's detrimental role in hyperglycemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arum Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Golnoush Mirzahosseini
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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IL-2/IL-2R Antibody Complex Enhances Treg-Induced Neuroprotection by Dampening TNF-α Inflammation in an In Vitro Stroke Model. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:540-548. [PMID: 33830475 PMCID: PMC8613084 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro study showed that IL-2/IL-2R antibody complex facilitates Treg-induced neuroprotection in the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of stroke. First, we examined the role of IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs in OGD/R-exposed rat primary cortical cells (PCCs), which represent the cell type of the ischemic gray matter in the stroke brain. Here, OGD/R induced cell death, which was attenuated by Tregs and more robustly by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, but not by IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone. Second, we next assessed IL-2/IL-2R effects in OGD/R-exposed human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which correspond to the white matter injury after stroke. Results revealed that a similar pattern neuroprotection as seen in the gray matter, in that OGD/R triggered cell death, which was ameliorated by Tregs and more effectively by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, but IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone was not therapeutic. Third, as we begin to understand the mechanism underlying IL-2/IL-2R engagement of Tregs, we investigated the inflammatory response in OGD/R-exposed human neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which recapitulate both ischemic gray and white matter damage in stroke. Similar to PCCs and OPCs, OGD/R produced cell death and was blocked by Tregs and more efficiently by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, whereas IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone did not alter the ischemic insult. Moreover, the inflammatory marker, TNF-α, was upregulated after OGD/R, dampened by both Tregs and more efficiently by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs but more pronounced in the latter, and not affected by IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone, suggesting IL-2/IL-2R-Treg-mediated modulation of inflammatory response in stroke. Altogether, these observations support the use of IL-2/IL-2R treatment in enhancing the anti-inflammatory effects of Tregs in stroke.
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Study on the activity of recombinant mutant tissue-type plasminogen activator fused with the C-terminal fragment of hirudin. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:880-888. [PMID: 33826053 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, bifunctional fusion proteins were designed by fusing the kringle 2 and protease domains of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to the C-terminal fragment of hirudin. The thrombolytic and anticoagulant activities of these recombinant proteins from mammalian cells were investigated using in vitro coagulation models and chromogenic assays. The results showed that all assayed tPA mutants retained catalytic activity. The C-terminal fragment of hirudin may have weak affinity to thrombin and thus was insufficient to suppress thrombin-mediated fibrin agglutination. The strength of the thrombolytic activity only relied on the selected tPA sequences, and the fibrinolytic efficiency of single-chain protein significantly decreased. Our data indicate that truncated tPA combined with a hirudin peptide may provide a framework for the further development of a new antithrombotic agent.
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Saft M, Koga M, Borlongan CV. Bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells for ischemic stroke. Brain Circ 2021; 7:44-47. [PMID: 34084978 PMCID: PMC8057097 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke stands as one of the most common causes of death among adults worldwide. Currently, tissue plasminogen activator serves as the only approved drug by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Stem cell therapy serves as a viable treatment option and has been deemed as a safe and effective treatment for stroke patients. Adult human bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells serve as a potential treatment for stroke given their ability to reduce stroke-induced pathological deficits by increasing cell viability and mitochondrial activity. Recently, we demonstrated the use of adult bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells both on both in vitro and in vivo models. Using NCS-01 cells in rat stroke models subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, an effective dosage of 7.5 × 106 cells/ml, administered through the intracarotid artery within 3 days poststroke, was shown to display significant improvements in motor and neurological behaviors, reductions in infarct area, and peri-infarct cell loss. NCS-01 cells, in comparison with other lines of stem cells (Li cells), are shown to produce greater therapeutic effects, most likely due to the observed filopodia formation that allows the stem cells to extend and target the ischemic cells. Given these findings, NCS-01 stem cells serve as a potential treatment for stroke through the demonstration of profound efficacy and further research that favors their filopodia-mediated mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Saft
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of BIology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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