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Calderan C, Sorrentino U, Persano L, Trevisson E, Sartori G, Salviati L, Desbats MA. A yeast based assay establishes the pathogenicity of novel missense ACTA2 variants associated with aortic aneurysms. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:804-812. [PMID: 38486025 PMCID: PMC11219741 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The ACTA2 gene codes for alpha-smooth muscle actin, a critical component of the contractile apparatus of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Autosomal dominant variants in the ACTA2 gene have been associated to familial non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD). They are thought to act through a dominant-negative mechanism. These variants display incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, complicating the validation of ACTA2 variants pathogenicity by family segregation studies. In this study, we developed a yeast based assay to test putative TAAD-associated ACTA2 variants. We identified five new heterozygous ACTA2 missense variants in TAAD patients through next generation sequencing. We decided to test their pathogenicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, since yeast actin is very similar to human alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the residues at which the TAAD-associated variants occur in ACTA2 are well conserved. A wild type yeast strain was transformed with a vector expressing the different mutant alleles, to model the heterozygous condition of patients. Then, we evaluated yeast growth by spot test and cytoskeletal and mitochondrial morphology by fluorescence microscopy. We found that mutant yeast strains displayed only mild growth defects but a significant increase in the percentage of cells with abnormal mitochondrial distribution and abnormal organization of the actin cytoskeleton compared to controls. All variants appeared to interfere with the activity of wild type actin in yeast, suggesting a dominant-negative pathogenic mechanism. Our results demonstrate the utility of using the yeast actin model system to validate the pathogenicity of TAAD-associated ACTA2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Pediatric Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Geppo Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, and Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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Kurt Z, Cheng J, Barrere-Cain R, McQuillen CN, Saleem Z, Hsu N, Jiang N, Pan C, Franzén O, Koplev S, Wang S, Björkegren J, Lusis AJ, Blencowe M, Yang X. Shared and distinct pathways and networks genetically linked to coronary artery disease between human and mouse. eLife 2023; 12:RP88266. [PMID: 38060277 PMCID: PMC10703441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have been used extensively to study human coronary artery disease (CAD) or atherosclerosis and to test therapeutic targets. However, whether mouse and human share similar genetic factors and pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated in a data-driven manner. We conducted a cross-species comparison study to better understand atherosclerosis pathogenesis between species by leveraging multiomics data. Specifically, we compared genetically driven and thus CAD-causal gene networks and pathways, by using human GWAS of CAD from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium and mouse GWAS of atherosclerosis from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) followed by integration with functional multiomics human (STARNET and GTEx) and mouse (HMDP) databases. We found that mouse and human shared >75% of CAD causal pathways. Based on network topology, we then predicted key regulatory genes for both the shared pathways and species-specific pathways, which were further validated through the use of single cell data and the latest CAD GWAS. In sum, our results should serve as a much-needed guidance for which human CAD-causal pathways can or cannot be further evaluated for novel CAD therapies using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- The Information School at the University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Caden N McQuillen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Zara Saleem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Hsu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Nuoya Jiang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Susanna Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Johan Björkegren
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, (Huddinge), Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Departments of Human Genetics & Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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3
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Strecker T, Wiesmueller F, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Hoyer J, Reis A, Weyand M, Agaimy A. Familial acute aortic dissection associated with a novel ACTA2 germline variant. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:437-443. [PMID: 35896809 PMCID: PMC9931827 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Hereditary disorders are responsible for a small percentage of cases. Nonetheless, it is important to identify genetic causes, as they are often autosomal dominantly inherited and are of life-saving importance if we can identify persons at risk. Mutations of the ACTA2 gene are the most common cause of non-syndromic familial aortic disease. Exploration of the genetic background in suspected familial cases and determination of the exact etiology are mandatory for management and establishing appropriate follow-up strategies due to the risk of fatal recurrences. Herein, we present a 21-year-old male with a familial acute aortic dissection associated with novel ACTA2 germline variant and discuss the management and surveillance considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Strecker
- Center of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Felix Wiesmueller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Juliane Hoyer
- Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Center of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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The journey of a patient with ACTA2 mutation - literature review and case report. COR ET VASA 2022. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2022.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Becerril S, Álvarez-Cienfuegos FJ, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Ezquerro S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Mentxaka A, Llorente M, Silva C, Elizalde MDLR, Catalán V, Frühbeck G. Changes in mechanical properties of adipose tissue after bariatric surgery driven by extracellular matrix remodelling and neovascularization are associated with metabolic improvements. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:264-279. [PMID: 35007786 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of adipose tissue (AT) are closely involved in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. Bariatric surgery (BS) constitutes the most effective option for a sustained weight loss in addition to improving obesity-associated metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine the impact of weight loss achieved by BS and caloric restriction (CR) on the biomechanical properties of AT. BS but not CR changed the biomechanical properties of epididymal white AT (EWAT) from a diet-induced obesity rat model, which were associated with metabolic improvements. We found decreased gene expression levels of collagens and Lox together with increased elastin and Mmps mRNA levels in EWAT after BS, which were also associated with the biomechanical properties. Moreover, an increased blood vessel density was observed in EWAT after surgery, confirmed by an upregulation of Acta2 and Antxr1 gene expression levels, which was also correlated with the biomechanical properties. Visceral AT from patients with obesity showed increased stiffness after tensile tests compared to the EWAT from the animal model. This study uncovers new insights into EWAT adaptation after BS with decreased collagen crosslink and synthesis as well as an increased degradation together with enhanced blood vessel density providing, simultaneously, higher stiffness and more ductility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomechanical properties of the adipose tissue (AT) are closely involved in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. In this study, we show for the first time that biomechanical properties of AT determined by E, UTS and strain at UTS are decreased in obesity, being increased after bariatric surgery by the promotion of ECM remodelling and neovascularization. Moreover, these changes in biomechanical properties are associated with improvements in metabolic homeostasis. Consistently, a better characterization of the plasticity and biomechanical properties of the AT after bariatric surgery opens up a new field for the development of innovative strategies for the reduction of fibrosis and inflammation in AT as well as to better understand obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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6
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Yu L, Qiu C, Chen R. A narrative review of research advances in the study of molecular markers of airway smooth muscle cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:375. [PMID: 35434039 PMCID: PMC9011254 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are an important component of the airway. Their thickening and proliferation are important in pathological situations, such as airway remodeling in asthma, but their origin remains unclear. Therefore, characterizing molecular markers of ASMCs were sought to identify the source of increased ASMCs in asthmatic airway remodeling. Methods Articles for this review were derived from a review of the literature related to surface markers and biological properties of ASMCs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Key Content and Findings This review discusses several SMC molecular markers, describes the different developmental stages of SMCs that express different molecular markers, and summarizes several classical SMC molecular markers. However, the establishment of a specific molecular marker detection system for ASMCs still faces great challenges. Conclusions Although there is no recognized molecular marker detection system for ASMCs, and the study of the properties and sources of increased ASMCs in asthma airway remodeling is still in a state of exploration, the future is promising. Among the SMC markers described in this review, Myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) is a molecular marker for mature SMCs and Transgelin (TAGLN) is an early marker for SMC differentiation, and different molecular markers or combinations of molecular markers can be selected for the identification of the properties and sources of increased ASMCs in asthma airway remodeling according to the differentiation period and research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Predicting Heart Cell Types by Using Transcriptome Profiles and a Machine Learning Method. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020228. [PMID: 35207515 PMCID: PMC8877019 DOI: 10.3390/life12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is an essential organ in the human body. It contains various types of cells, such as cardiomyocytes, mesothelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. The interactions between these cells determine the vital functions of the heart. Therefore, identifying the different cell types and revealing the expression rules in these cell types are crucial. In this study, multiple machine learning methods were used to analyze the heart single-cell profiles with 11 different heart cell types. The single-cell profiles were first analyzed via light gradient boosting machine method to evaluate the importance of gene features on the profiling dataset, and a ranking feature list was produced. This feature list was then brought into the incremental feature selection method to identify the best features and build the optimal classifiers. The results suggested that the best decision tree (DT) and random forest classification models achieved the highest weighted F1 scores of 0.957 and 0.981, respectively. The selected features, such as NPPA, LAMA2, DLC1, and the classification rules extracted from the optimal DT classifier played a crucial role in cardiac structure and function in recent research and enrichment analysis. In particular, some lncRNAs (LINC02019, NEAT1) were found to be quite important for the recognition of different cardiac cell types. In summary, these findings provide a solid academic foundation for the development of molecular diagnostics and biomarker discovery for cardiac diseases.
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Kogan PS, Wirth F, Tomar A, Darr J, Teperino R, Lahm H, Dreßen M, Puluca N, Zhang Z, Neb I, Beck N, Luzius T, de la Osa de la Rosa L, Gärtner K, Hüls C, Zeidler R, Ramanujam D, Engelhardt S, Wenk C, Holdt LM, Mononen M, Sahara M, Cleuziou J, Hörer J, Lange R, Krane M, Doppler SA. Uncovering the molecular identity of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) by single-cell RNA sequencing. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:11. [PMID: 35258704 PMCID: PMC8902493 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) generated from human cardiac biopsies have been shown to have disease-modifying bioactivity in clinical trials. Paradoxically, CDCs' cellular origin in the heart remains elusive. We studied the molecular identity of CDCs using single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in comparison to cardiac non-myocyte and non-hematopoietic cells (cardiac fibroblasts/CFs, smooth muscle cells/SMCs and endothelial cells/ECs). We identified CDCs as a distinct and mitochondria-rich cell type that shared biological similarities with non-myocyte cells but not with cardiac progenitor cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. CXCL6 emerged as a new specific marker for CDCs. By analysis of sc-RNAseq data from human right atrial biopsies in comparison with CDCs we uncovered transcriptomic similarities between CDCs and CFs. By direct comparison of infant and adult CDC sc-RNAseq data, infant CDCs revealed GO-terms associated with cardiac development. To analyze the beneficial effects of CDCs (pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic), we performed functional in vitro assays with CDC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). CDC EVs augmented in vitro angiogenesis and did not stimulate scarring. They also reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax in NRCMs. In conclusion, CDCs were disclosed as mitochondria-rich cells with unique properties but also with similarities to right atrial CFs. CDCs displayed highly proliferative, secretory and immunomodulatory properties, characteristics that can also be found in activated or inflammatory cell types. By special culture conditions, CDCs earn some bioactivities, including angiogenic potential, which might modify disease in certain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palgit-S. Kogan
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Wirth
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Archana Tomar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany ,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Darr
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany ,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany ,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Nazan Puluca
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Neb
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Beck
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Luzius
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Luis de la Osa de la Rosa
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gärtner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Hüls
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany ,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)-Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany ,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)-Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany ,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Wenk
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M. Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mimmi Mononen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden ,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CN06510 New Haven, CT USA
| | - Julie Cleuziou
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany ,Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany ,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)-Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany ,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)-Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany ,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Stefanie A. Doppler
- School of Medicine and Health, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, Technical University of Munich, German Heart Center Munich, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
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Hepatic transcriptome analysis identifies genes, polymorphisms and pathways involved in the fatty acids metabolism in sheep. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260514. [PMID: 34941886 PMCID: PMC8699643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) in ruminants, especially unsaturated FA (USFA) have important impact in meat quality, nutritional value, and flavour quality of meat, and on consumer’s health. Identification of the genetic factors controlling the FA composition and metabolism is pivotal to select sheep that produce higher USFA and lower saturated (SFA) for the benefit of sheep industry and consumers. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiling in the liver tissues collected from sheep with divergent USFA content in longissimus muscle using RNA deep-sequencing. From sheep (n = 100) population, liver tissues with higher (n = 3) and lower (n = 3) USFA content were analysed using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample were ranged from 21.28 to 28.51 million with a median of 23.90 million. Approximately, 198 genes were differentially regulated with significance level of p-adjusted value <0.05. Among them, 100 genes were up-regulated, and 98 were down-regulated (p<0.01, FC>1.5) in the higher USFA group. A large proportion of key genes involved in FA biosynthesis, adipogenesis, fat deposition, and lipid metabolism were identified, such as APOA5, SLC25A30, GFPT1, LEPR, TGFBR2, FABP7, GSTCD, and CYP17A. Pathway analysis revealed that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis- keratan sulfate, adipokine signaling, galactose metabolism, endocrine and other factors-regulating calcium metabolism, mineral metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway were playing important regulatory roles in FA metabolism. Importantly, polymorphism and association analyses showed that mutation in APOA5, CFHR5, TGFBR2 and LEPR genes could be potential markers for the FA composition in sheep. These polymorphisms and transcriptome networks controlling the FA variation could be used as genetic markers for FA composition-related traits improvement. However, functional validation is required to confirm the effect of these SNPs in other sheep population in order to incorporate them in the sheep breeding program.
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10
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Jeong ES, Park BH, Lee S, Jang JH. Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Chimeric Fibrillin and Elastin Fragment in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 29:176-183. [PMID: 34875983 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211207110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins physically interact with stem cells and regulate stem cell function. However, the large molecular weight of the natural ECM renders large-scale fabrication of a similar functional structure challenging. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to construct a low molecular weight and multifunctional chimeric form of recombinant ECM to stimulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) for tissue repair. We engineered Fibrillin-1PF14 fused to an elastin-like polypeptide to develop a new biomimetic ECM for stem cell differentiation and investigated whether this recombinant chimeric Fibrillin-Elastin fragment (rcFE) was effective on human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs). METHODS hTMSCs were grown in the medium supplemented with rcFE, then the effect of the protein was confirmed through cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay, and real-time PCR. RESULTS rcFE enhanced the adhesion activity of hTMSCs by 2.7-fold at the optimal concentration, and the proliferation activity was 2.6-fold higher than that of the control group (non-treatment rcFE). In addition, when smooth muscle cell differentiation markers were identified by real-time PCR, Calponin increased about 6-fold, α-actin about 9-fold, and MYH11 about 10-fold compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Chimeric rcFE enhanced cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and smooth muscle differentiation of hTMSCs, suggesting that the rcFE can facilitate the induction of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Seung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212. Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212. Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212. Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212. Korea
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11
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Zhou M, Wang S, Liu D, Zhou J. LINC01915 Facilitates the Conversion of Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induced by Colorectal Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through the miR-92a-3p/KLF4/CH25H Axis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5255-5268. [PMID: 34643375 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing long non-coding RNAs are reported to regulate the cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).This study aimed to explore how LINC01915 influences the conversion of normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs in colorectal cancer (CRC). LINC01915 expression was initially measured in clinical tissue samples and in NFs and CAFs. Identification of the interaction between LINC01915, miR-92a-3p, KLF4, and CH25H was done. The effects of LINC01915, miR-92a-3p, and KLF4 on the angiogenesis, extracellular vesicle (EV) uptake by NFs, and activation of stromal cells were assessed using gain- or loss-of-function approaches. Xenograft mouse models were established to validate these in vitro findings in vivo. EVs were shown to stimulate NF proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as facilitate NF conversion into CAFs. CRC tissues and CAFs showed downregulated expression of LINC01915, which was associated with poor prognosis of patients. Moreover, employed LINC01915 inhibited tumor angiogenesis, CAF activation, and the uptake of tumor-derived EVs by NFs. Mechanistically, LINC01915 could competitively bind to miR-92a-3p and caused upregulation of the miR-92a-3p target KLF4 which, in turn, promoted the transcription of CH25H, leading to the suppressed uptake of EVs by NFs. The in vivo and in vitro experimental results showed that LINC01915 inhibited the uptake of CRC-derived EVs by NFs through the miR-92a-3p/KLF4/CH25H axis, thus arresting the angiogenesis and the conversion of NFs into CAFs and in turn prevent tumor growth. These data together supported the inhibiting role of LINC01915 in the conversion of NFs into CAFs triggered by the CRC-derived EVs and the ensuing tumor growth, which may be related to its regulation on the miR-92a-3p/KLF4/CH25H axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Shalong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Dongcai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Jiapeng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
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12
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Muffels IJJ, Wiame E, Fuchs SA, Massink MPG, Rehmann H, Musch JLI, Van Haaften G, Vertommen D, van Schaftingen E, van Hasselt PM. NAA80 bi-allelic missense variants result in high-frequency hearing loss, muscle weakness and developmental delay. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab256. [PMID: 34805998 PMCID: PMC8599064 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of NAA80/NAT6 as the enzyme that acetylates actins generated new insight into the process of post-translational actin modifications; however, the role of NAA80 in human physiology and pathology has not been clarified yet. We report two individuals from a single family harbouring a homozygous c.389T>C, p.(Leu130Pro) NAA80 genetic variant. Both individuals show progressive high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial dysmorphisms, developmental delay and mild proximal and axial muscle weakness. Based on the molecular structure, we predicted and confirmed the NAA80 c.389T>C, p.(Leu130Pro) variant to result in protein destabilization, causing severely decreased NAA80 protein availability. Concurrently, individuals exhibited a ∼50% decrease of actin acetylation. NAA80 individual derived fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed increased migration, increased filopodia counts and increased levels of polymerized actin, in agreement with previous observations in NAA80 knock-out cells. Furthermore, the significant clinical overlap between NAA80 individuals and individuals with pathogenic variants in several actin subtypes reflects the general importance of controlled actin dynamics for the inner ear, brain and muscle. Taken together, we describe a new syndrome, caused by NAA80 genetic variants leading to decreased actin acetylation and disrupted associated molecular functions. Our work suggests a crucial role for NAA80-mediated actin dynamics in neuronal health, muscle health and hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena J J Muffels
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Wiame
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, UCLouvain-Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten P G Massink
- Department of Genetics, Section of Genome Diagnostics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Department of Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany
| | - Jiska L I Musch
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emile van Schaftingen
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Kozai K, Iqbal K, Moreno-Irusta A, Scott RL, Simon ME, Dhakal P, Fields PE, Soares MJ. Protective role of IL33 signaling in negative pregnancy outcomes associated with lipopolysaccharide exposure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21272. [PMID: 33423320 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001782rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL33) signaling has been implicated in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and in pregnancy disorders. The goal of this project was to evaluate the role of IL33 signaling in rat pregnancy. The rat possesses hemochorial placentation with deep intrauterine trophoblast invasion; features also characteristic of human placentation. We generated and characterized a germline mutant rat model for IL33 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. IL33 deficient rats exhibited deficits in lung responses to an inflammatory stimulus (Sephadex G-200) and to estrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia. Female rats deficient in IL33 were fertile and exhibited pregnancy outcomes (gestation length and litter size) similar to wild-type rats. Placental weight was adversely affected by the disruption of IL33 signaling. A difference in pregnancy-dependent adaptations to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure was observed between wild-type and IL33 deficient pregnancies. Pregnancy in wild-type rats treated with LPS did not differ significantly from pregnancy in vehicle-treated wild-type rats. In contrast, LPS treatment decreased fetal survival rate, fetal and placental weights, and increased fetal growth restriction in IL33 deficient rats. In summary, a new rat model for investigating IL33 signaling has been established. IL33 signaling participates in the regulation of placental development and protection against LPS-induced fetal and placental growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kozai
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Ayelen Moreno-Irusta
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Regan L Scott
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Mikaela E Simon
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Patrick E Fields
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
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14
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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15
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Li S, Zhao X, Cheng S, Li J, Bai X, Meng X. Downregulating long non-coding RNA PVT1 expression inhibited the viability, migration and phenotypic switch of PDGF-BB-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-27b-3p. Hum Cell 2020; 34:335-348. [PMID: 33106979 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (LncRNA PVT1) was involved in various human diseases, but its role in aortic dissection (AD) remained to be fully examined. In this study, the viability and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were respectively measured by MTT assay and wound-healing assay. Relative phenotypic switch-related protein expressions were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. An AD model was established in animals and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used for pathological examination. We found that, in HASMCs, microRNA (miR)-27b-3p could competitively bind with PVT1. In AD, PVT1 expression was upregulated, yet that of miR-27b-3p was downregulated. Downregulating PVT1 reversed the effects of growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) treatment on PVT1, miR-27b-3p and expressions of phenotypic switch-related markers, and cell viability and migration, while downregulating miR-27b-3p reversed the effects of downregulating PVT1. Moreover, downregulating PVT1 suppressed the effects of upregulated PVT1 and downregulated miR-27b-3p induced by AD as well as media degeneration in vivo. In conclusion, downregulating PVT1 expression suppressed the proliferation, migration and phenotypic switch of HASMCs treated by PDGF-BB via targeting miR-27b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Shaopeng Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangbin Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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16
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Bryant AG, Hu M, Carlyle BC, Arnold SE, Frosch MP, Das S, Hyman BT, Bennett RE. Cerebrovascular Senescence Is Associated With Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:575953. [PMID: 33041998 PMCID: PMC7525127 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.575953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with neuropathological changes, including aggregation of tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid-beta plaques. Mounting evidence indicates that vascular dysfunction also plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, in part through endothelial dysfunction. Based on findings in animal models that tau pathology induces vascular abnormalities and cellular senescence, we hypothesized that tau pathology in the human AD brain leads to vascular senescence. To explore this hypothesis, we isolated intact microvessels from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA9) from 16 subjects with advanced Braak stages (Braak V/VI, B3) and 12 control subjects (Braak 0/I/II, B1), and quantified expression of 42 genes associated with senescence, cell adhesion, and various endothelial cell functions. Genes associated with endothelial senescence and leukocyte adhesion, including SERPINE1 (PAI-1), CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL1, CXCL2, ICAM-2, and TIE1, were significantly upregulated in B3 microvessels after adjusting for sex and cerebrovascular pathology. In particular, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes SERPINE1 and CXCL8 were upregulated by more than 2-fold in B3 microvessels after adjusting for sex, cerebrovascular pathology, and age at death. Protein quantification data from longitudinal plasma samples for a subset of 13 (n = 9 B3, n = 4 B1) subjects showed no significant differences in plasma senescence or adhesion-associated protein levels, suggesting that these changes were not associated with systemic vascular alterations. Future investigations of senescence biomarkers in both the peripheral and cortical vasculature could further elucidate links between tau pathology and vascular changes in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie G Bryant
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Miwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Rachel E Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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17
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Kurenkova AD, Medvedeva EV, Newton PT, Chagin AS. Niches for Skeletal Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592. [PMID: 32754592 PMCID: PMC7366157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With very few exceptions, all adult tissues in mammals are maintained and can be renewed by stem cells that self-renew and generate the committed progeny required. These functions are regulated by a specific and in many ways unique microenvironment in stem cell niches. In most cases disruption of an adult stem cell niche leads to depletion of stem cells, followed by impairment of the ability of the tissue in question to maintain its functions. The presence of stem cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), in the adult skeleton has long been realized. In recent years there has been exceptional progress in identifying and characterizing BMSCs in terms of their capacity to generate specific types of skeletal cells in vivo. Such BMSCs are often referred to as skeletal stem cells (SSCs) or skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), with the latter term being used throughout this review. SSPCs have been detected in the bone marrow, periosteum, and growth plate and characterized in vivo on the basis of various genetic markers (i.e., Nestin, Leptin receptor, Gremlin1, Cathepsin-K, etc.). However, the niches in which these cells reside have received less attention. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on stem cell niches for the SSPCs identified so far and discuss potential factors and environmental cues of importance in these niches in vivo. In this context we focus on (i) articular cartilage, (ii) growth plate cartilage, (iii) periosteum, (iv) the adult endosteal compartment, and (v) the developing endosteal compartment, in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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19
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Lin YS, Chang TH, Shi CS, Wang YZ, Ho WC, Huang HD, Chang ST, Pan KL, Chen MC. Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor Pathway Plays a Regulatory Role in Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e009146. [PMID: 30612502 PMCID: PMC6405706 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms through which high‐demand pacing induce myocardial dysfunction remain unclear. Methods and Results We created atrioventricular block in pigs using dependent right ventricular septal pacing for 6 months. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate dyssynchrony between pacing (n=6) and sham control (n=6) groups. Microarray and enrichment analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium between pacing and sham control groups. Histopathological and protein changes were also analyzed and an A cell pacing model was also performed. Pacing significantly increased mechanical dyssynchrony. Enrichment analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the activation z‐score analysis method demonstrated that there were 5 DEGs (ABCA1, APOD, CLU, LY96, and SERPINF1) in the LV septum (z‐score=−0.447) and 5 DEGs (APOD, CLU, LY96, MSR1, and SERPINF1) in the LV free wall (z‐score=−1.000) inhibited the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway, and 4 DEGs (ACTA2, MYL1, PPP2R3A, and SNAI2) activated the integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) pathway in the LV septum (z‐score=1.000). The pacing group had a larger cell size, higher degree of myolysis and fibrosis, and increased expression of intracellular lipid, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic markers than the sham control group. The causal relationships between pacing and DEGs related to LXR/RXR and ILK pathways, apoptosis, fibrosis, and lipid expression after pacing were confirmed in the cell pacing model. Luciferase reporter assay in the cell pacing model also supported inhibition of the LXR pathway by pacing. Conclusions Right ventricular septal‐dependent pacing was associated with persistent LV dyssynchrony–induced cardiomyopathy through inhibition of the LXR/RXR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- 1 Division of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan.,2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- 2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- 4 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Ho
- 4 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- 5 The Warshel Institute of Computational Biology School of Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China.,6 Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tai Chang
- 1 Division of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Li Pan
- 1 Division of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Mien-Cheng Chen
- 4 Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
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20
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Salib CG, Reina N, Trousdale WH, Limberg AK, Tibbo ME, Jay AG, Robin JX, Turner TW, Jones CR, Paradise CR, Lewallen EA, Bolon B, Carter JM, Berry DJ, Morrey ME, Sanchez-Sotelo J, van Wijnen AJ, Abdel MP. Inhibition of COX-2 Pathway as a Potential Prophylaxis Against Arthrofibrogenesis in a Rabbit Model of Joint Contracture. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2609-2620. [PMID: 31410880 PMCID: PMC6848758 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis is a common complication following total knee arthroplasty caused by pathologic fibroblast activation and excessive collagen deposition around a synovial joint leading to debilitating loss of motion. Treatment options are limited because the pathologic mechanisms remain to be characterized. Dysregulation of the inflammatory cascade may lead to communication between myofibroblasts and immune cells triggering tissue metaplasia, and excessive collagen deposition described clinically as arthrofibrosis. We explored the novel use of celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] inhibitor) to disrupt the downstream effects of the post-traumatic inflammatory cascade and inhibit scar tissue formation in a validated rabbit model of arthrofibrosis combined with new parameters for quantifying the stiffness of the posterior capsule. Biomechanical and molecular analyses, of contracted rabbit knee posterior capsule tissue after COX-2 inhibition revealed increased maximal passive extension and down-regulation of collagen messenger RNA compared with controls. Histopathologic examination suggested a trend of decreased quantities of dense fibrous connective tissue with COX-2 inhibition. These data may suggest that inhibiting the inflammatory cascade could potentially reduce pathologic myofibroblast activation, thereby reducing scar tissue formation and increasing the range of motion in arthrofibrotic joints. Implementing a multi-modal pharmacologic approach may simultaneously target numerous cellular components contributing to the complex process of arthrofibrogenesis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2609-2620, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Salib
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Nicolas Reina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - William H. Trousdale
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Afton K. Limberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Megan E. Tibbo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Anthony G. Jay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Joseph X. Robin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Travis W. Turner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Carter R. Jones
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Eric A. Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Brad Bolon
- GEMpath, Inc., 1610 Pace Street, Unit 900-343, Longmont, CO 80504
| | - Jodi M. Carter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Mark E. Morrey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
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21
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Gonzalez AC, Santos ET, Freire TFC, Sá MF, Andrade ZDA, Medrado ARAP. Participation of the Immune System and Hedgehog Signaling in Neoangiogenesis Under Laser Photobiomodulation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:310-316. [PMID: 31875124 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to characterize immune and endothelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes, and positive cells for hedgehog proteins in late tissue repair of rats skin wounds treated with 670 nm photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Methods: A blind experimental study was conducted, in order to assess the effect of PBMT in later stages of healing, with emphasis on neoangiogenesis, immune cells and Hedgehog signaling. Forty Wistar rats were allocated randomly in two groups; control and treated with a diode GaAlAs laser (9 mW, 670 nm, 0.031 W/cm2, spot size of 0.28 cm2, fluence of 4 J/ cm2 applied every other day, until a total dose of 16 J/cm2 was achieved). Standardized skin wounds were performed and the animals were euthanized at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Tissue sections were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry for CD31, NG2, smooth muscle alpha actin, CD8, CD68, Ptch, Gli-2 and Ihh. All histomorphometric data were statistically analyzed and significance level was at P<0.05. Results: At late stages of wound healing, neoangiogenesis persisted as revealed for the number of CD31+ cells (P = 0.016) and NG2+ and smooth muscle alpha actin positive pericytes (P = 0.025), for both experimental groups. By day 21, laser-treated group had decreased CD68+ cells (P = 0.032) and increased CD8+ (P = 0.038). At remodeling stage, there were positive cells for the hedgehog signaling pathway family which seemed to be activated. Conclusion: These data suggest that photobiomodulation therapy was able to modulate extracellular matrix remodelling even at the later stages of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maíra Ferreira Sá
- Basic Sciences Department, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Zilton de A Andrade
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory of Gonçalo Moniz Research Center - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alena R A P Medrado
- Basic Sciences Department, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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22
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Sun G, Song H, Wu S. miR‑19a promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulation of Ras homolog family member B. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1991-2002. [PMID: 31573047 PMCID: PMC6844633 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients with high glucose exhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) alteration. Thrombotic disease is related to erosion of an unstable plaque, the instability of which leads to ruptures, for example, a thin fibrous cap derived from VSMCs. VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion are related to thrombotic diseases, including atherosclerosis. MicroRNA-19a (miR-19a) has been reported to have pleiotropic functions in cancer cell survival, apoptosis and migration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-19a on VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion, and its mechanism. Cell Counting Kit-8 and a propidium iodide kit were used to determine the proliferation and cycle of VSMCs. A cell migration assay was performed by scratching and Matrigel was used in a cell invasion assay. miR-19a binding to Ras homolog family member B (RHOB), and their protein and mRNA expressions were determined by performing a dual luciferase assay, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. It was demonstrated that miR-19a promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, promoted the expressions of dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A (CDC25A), cyclinD1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α), and inhibited suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and RHOB expressions in VSMCs, while miR-19a had no effect on the expression of T-cell intracellular antigen-1. The miR-19a site bound to the RHOB gene position and inhibited RHOB to promote VSMC proliferation, invasion and migration, and increased MMP-2, MMP-9, α-SMA and SM22α expressions. The present study suggested that miR-19a could promote VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion via the cyclinD1/CDC25A and MMP/α-SMA/SM22α signaling pathways. Moreover, miR-19a promoted proliferation, migration and invasion via the MMP/α-SMA/SM22α signaling pathway by inhibiting RHOB, suggesting that miR-19a is a possible regulatory factor of RHOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Center for Clinical Medical Research of Cardiovascular Diseases in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Hui Song
- Electrocardiographic Room, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, P.R. China
| | - Suya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xingyuan Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
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23
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Aortic α-smooth muscle actin expressions in aortic disorders and coronary artery disease: An immunohistochemical study. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 19:11-16. [PMID: 29339694 PMCID: PMC5864783 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2017.7839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The is to report immunohistochemical observations of aortic α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expressions in patients with aortic aneurysm, acute aortic dissection, and coronary artery disease and to discuss phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of these lesions. Methods: Forty-nine consecutive patients scheduled for surgical treatment for acute type A aortic dissection (20 patients), aortic aneurysm (9 patients), and coronary artery disease (20 patients) were included. Surgical specimens of the aorta were obtained and prepared for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stainings. Results: A comparison of aortic structural changes between the three groups showed that patients with coronary artery disease had the least severe aorta degeneration with the most intense α-SMA positivity. Aortic structural impairment was the most severe in patients with aortic dissection, whereas α-SMA positivity was more intense in patients with aortic dissection than in those with aortic aneurysm. Conclusion: Disparities in α-SMA expressions in the aortic tissues of the three groups represent the extent of SMC degenerations or a phenotypic switching between contractile and synthetic SMCs. The results imply severe SMC degenerations in patients with aortic aneurysm, which may be beneficial because of the production of extracellular matrix necessary for healing of the vascular wall, but severe disruptions in elastic fibers in patients with aortic dissection. Patients with coronary artery disease show slight SMC degeneration and phenotypic switching among the three groups. The possible apoptotic and genetic mechanisms of aortic structural impairments warrant further elaborations.
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24
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Fijany A, Sayadi LR, Khoshab N, Banyard DA, Shaterian A, Alexander M, Lakey JRT, Paydar KZ, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Mesenchymal stem cell dysfunction in diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1459-1475. [PMID: 30484107 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that results in a variety of systemic complications. Recently, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as potential modalities to manage DM related complications. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are often considered as an ideal stem cell-based treatment for DM management due to their immunosuppressive characteristics, anti-inflammatory properties and differentiation potential. While MSCs show tremendous promise, the underlying functional deficits of MSCs in DM patients is not well understood. Using the MEDLINE database to define these functional deficits, our search yielded 1826 articles of which 33 met our inclusion criteria. This allowed us to review the topic and illuminate four major molecular categories by which MSCs are compromised in both Type 1 DM and Type II DM models which include: (1) changes in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, (2) altered pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, (3) increased oxidative stress markers and (4) impaired cellular differentiation and decreased proliferation. Knowledge of the deficits in MSC function will allow us to more clearly assess the efficacy of potential biologic therapies for reversing these dysfunctions when treating the complications of diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fijany
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lohrasb R Sayadi
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nima Khoshab
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Derek A Banyard
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Ashkaun Shaterian
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Keyianoosh Z Paydar
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA.,UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA. .,UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA. .,University of California, Irvine Suite 108a Building 55, 101 S. City Dr., Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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25
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D'Arco F, Alves CA, Raybaud C, Chong WKK, Ishak GE, Ramji S, Grima M, Barkovich AJ, Ganesan V. Expanding the Distinctive Neuroimaging Phenotype of ACTA2 Mutations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2126-2131. [PMID: 30262641 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arg179His mutations in ACTA2 are associated with a distinctive neurovascular phenotype characterized by a straight course of intracranial arteries, absent basal Moyamoya collaterals, dilation of the proximal internal carotid arteries, and occlusive disease of the terminal internal carotid arteries. We now add to the distinctive neuroimaging features in these patients by describing their unique constellation of brain malformative findings that could flag the diagnosis in cases in which targeted cerebrovascular imaging has not been performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neuroimaging studies from 13 patients with heterozygous Arg179His mutations in ACTA2 and 1 patient with pathognomonic clinicoradiologic findings for ACTA2 mutation were retrospectively reviewed. The presence and localization of brain malformations and other abnormal brain MR imaging findings are reported. RESULTS Characteristics bending and hypoplasia of the anterior corpus callosum, apparent absence of the anterior gyrus cinguli, and radial frontal gyration were present in 100% of the patients; flattening of the pons on the midline and multiple indentations in the lateral surface of the pons were demonstrated in 93% of the patients; and apparent "squeezing" of the cerebral peduncles in 85% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Because α-actin is not expressed in the brain parenchyma, only in vascular tissue, we speculate that rather than a true malformative process, these findings represent a deformation of the brain during development related to the mechanical interaction with rigid arteries during the embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Arco
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D'A., W.K.K.C.)
| | - C A Alves
- Radiology Department (C.A.A.), Hospital Das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Raybaud
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.R.), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W K K Chong
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D'A., W.K.K.C.)
| | - G E Ishak
- Department of Radiology (G.E.I.), Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - S Ramji
- Department of Radiology (S.R.), Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - M Grima
- Department of Radiology (M.G.), University Hospital of North Staffordshire National Health Service Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging (A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - V Ganesan
- Neurology (V.G.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Neuroscience Unit (V.G.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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26
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an important health concern, but the study of fibroblast biology has been hindered by a lack of effective means for identifying and tracking fibroblasts. Recent advances in fibroblast-specific lineage tags and reporters have permitted a better understanding of these cells. After injury, multiple cell types have been implicated as the source for extracellular matrix-producing cells, but emerging studies suggest that resident cardiac fibroblasts contribute substantially to the remodeling process. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding cardiac fibroblast origin and identity. Our understanding of cardiac fibroblast biology and fibrosis is still developing and will expand profoundly in the next few years, with many of the recent findings regarding fibroblast gene expression and behavior laying down the groundwork for interpreting the purpose and utility of these cells before and after injury. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2269-2276).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina J Ivey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii
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