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Tanaka J, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Hwang Y, Shimizu D, Kondo Y, Sawada A, Sarmah H, Ninish Z, Mishima K, Mori M. Generation of salivary glands derived from pluripotent stem cells via conditional blastocyst complementation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114340. [PMID: 38865239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole salivary gland generation and transplantation offer potential therapies for salivary gland dysfunction. However, the specific lineage required to engineer complete salivary glands has remained elusive. In this study, we identify the Foxa2 lineage as a critical lineage for salivary gland development through conditional blastocyst complementation (CBC). Foxa2 lineage marking begins at the boundary between the endodermal and ectodermal regions of the oral epithelium before the formation of the primordial salivary gland, thereby labeling the entire gland. Ablation of Fgfr2 within the Foxa2 lineage in mice leads to salivary gland agenesis. We reversed this phenotype by injecting donor pluripotent stem cells into the mouse blastocysts, resulting in mice that survived to adulthood with salivary glands of normal size, comparable to those of their littermate controls. These findings demonstrate that CBC-based salivary gland regeneration serves as a foundational experimental approach for future advanced cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Miura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuri Kondo
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anri Sawada
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hemanta Sarmah
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zurab Ninish
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Yoon YJ, Lim JY. The Usefulness of Salivary Gland Organoids for Evaluation of the Potency of Botulinum Neurotoxin. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2697-2704. [PMID: 38294269 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a substance used to treat chronic sialorrhea, muscle dystonia, and is used in cosmetic applications. Measuring the potency of BoNT is crucial because it acts even with a small amount. However, the current methods for measuring the potency of BoNT involve using two-dimensional neuroblastoma cell line-based methods. In this study, we aimed to develop a new method to measure the potency of BoNT using a three-dimensional organoid culture system. MATERIALS AND METHOD We established the optimal conditions for coculturing N2a neuronal cells with murine salivary gland organoids (SGOs). After determining the appropriate chemical concentrations, we treated the SGOs cocultured with N2a cells with BoNT type A (BoNT/A). We confirmed the expression of salivary gland-related genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The SGOs cocultured with N2a cells showed that the dendrites or axons of neuronal cells were in contact with the outermost layer of the SGOs. When we applied acetylcholine and neostigmine to the coculture systems, the mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Bhlha15, associated with salivary gland secretory cells, increased. However, this effect was reversed when BoNT/A was applied, as confirmed through real-time PCR. CONCLUSION We found that the coculture system of SGOs and N2a neuronal cells can potentially serve as a potency testing platform for BoNT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:2697-2704, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Klangprapan J, Souza GR, Ferreira JN. Bioprinting salivary gland models and their regenerative applications. BDJ Open 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38816372 PMCID: PMC11139920 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common clinical condition arising from radiotherapy to suppress head and neck cancers. The radiation often destroys the SG secretory acini, and glands are left with limited regenerative potential. Due to the complex architecture of SG acini and ducts, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting platforms have emerged to spatially define these in vitro epithelial units and develop mini-organs or organoids for regeneration. Due to the limited body of evidence, this comprehensive review highlights the advantages and challenges of bioprinting platforms for SG regeneration. METHODS SG microtissue engineering strategies such as magnetic 3D bioassembly of cells and microfluidic coaxial 3D bioprinting of cell-laden microfibers and microtubes have been proposed to replace the damaged acinar units, avoid the use of xenogeneic matrices (like Matrigel), and restore salivary flow. RESULTS Replacing the SG damaged organ is challenging due to its complex architecture, which combines a ductal network with acinar epithelial units to facilitate a unidirectional flow of saliva. Our research group was the first to develop 3D bioassembly SG epithelial functional organoids with innervation to respond to both cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation. More recently, microtissue engineering using coaxial 3D bioprinting of hydrogel microfibers and microtubes could also supported the formation of viable epithelial units. Both bioprinting approaches could overcome the need for Matrigel by facilitating the assembly of adult stem cells, such as human dental pulp stem cells, and primary SG cells into micro-sized 3D constructs able to produce their own matrix and self-organize into micro-modular tissue clusters with lumenized areas. Furthermore, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapies from organoid-derived secretome were also designed and validated ex vivo for SG regeneration after radiation damage. CONCLUSION Magnetic 3D bioassembly and microfluidic coaxial bioprinting platforms have the potential to create SG mini-organs for regenerative applications via organoid transplantation or organoid-derived EV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutapak Klangprapan
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Glauco R Souza
- Greiner Bio-one North America Inc., 4238 Capital Drive, Monroe, NC, 28110, USA
| | - João N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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4
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Pillai S, Munguia-Lopez JG, Tran SD. Bioengineered Salivary Gland Microtissues─A Review of 3D Cellular Models and their Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2620-2636. [PMID: 38591955 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) play a vital role in maintaining oral health through the production and release of saliva. Injury to SGs can lead to gland hypofunction and a decrease in saliva secretion manifesting as xerostomia. While symptomatic treatments for xerostomia exist, effective permanent solutions are still lacking, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches. Significant progress has been made in the field of three-dimensional (3D) SG bioengineering for applications in gland regeneration. This has been achieved through a major focus on cell culture techniques, including soluble cues and biomaterial components of the 3D niche. Cells derived from both adult and embryonic SGs have highlighted key in vitro characteristics of SG 3D models. While still in its first decade of exploration, SG spheroids and organoids have so far served as crucial tools to study SG pathophysiology. This review, based on a literature search over the past decade, covers the importance of SG cell types in the realm of their isolation, sourcing, and culture conditions that modulate the 3D microenvironment. We discuss different biomaterials employed for SG culture and the current advances made in bioengineering SG models using them. The success of these 3D cellular models are further evaluated in the context of their applications in organ transplantation and in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jose G Munguia-Lopez
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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Song W, Liu H, Su Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Wang H. Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346996. [PMID: 38313227 PMCID: PMC10834761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Allife Medicine Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rose SC, Larsen M, Xie Y, Sharfstein ST. Salivary Gland Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 38247905 PMCID: PMC10813147 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction affects millions globally, and tissue engineering may provide a promising therapeutic avenue. This review delves into the current state of salivary gland tissue engineering research, starting with a study of normal salivary gland development and function. It discusses the impact of fibrosis and cellular senescence on salivary gland pathologies. A diverse range of cells suitable for tissue engineering including cell lines, primary salivary gland cells, and stem cells are examined. Moreover, the paper explores various supportive biomaterials and scaffold fabrication methodologies that enhance salivary gland cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. Innovative engineering strategies for the improvement of vascularization, innervation, and engraftment of engineered salivary gland tissue, including bioprinting, microfluidic hydrogels, mesh electronics, and nanoparticles, are also evaluated. This review underscores the promising potential of this research field for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction and suggests directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Rose
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA;
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
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Tanaka J, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Hwang Y, Shimizu D, Kondo Y, Sawada A, Sarmah H, Ninish Z, Mishima K, Mori M. Generation of salivary glands derived from pluripotent stem cells via conditional blastocyst complementation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566845. [PMID: 38014349 PMCID: PMC10680620 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Various patients suffer from dry mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction. Whole salivary gland generation and transplantation is a potential therapy to resolve this issue. However, the lineage permissible to design the entire salivary gland generation has been enigmatic. Here, we discovered Foxa2 as a lineage critical for generating a salivary gland via conditional blastocyst complementation (CBC). Foxa2 linage, but not Shh nor Pitx2, initiated to label between the boundary region of the endodermal and the ectodermal oral mucosa before primordial salivary gland formation, resulting in marking the entire salivary gland. The salivary gland was agenesis by depleting Fgfr2 under the Foxa2 lineage in the mice. We rescued this phenotype by injecting donor pluripotent stem cells into the mouse blastocysts. Those mice survived until adulthood with normal salivary glands compatible in size compared with littermate controls. These results indicated that CBC-based salivary gland generation is promising for next-generation cell-based therapy.
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Yin Y, Vázquez-Rosado EJ, Wu D, Viswananthan V, Farach A, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Microfluidic coaxial 3D bioprinting of cell-laden microfibers and microtubes for salivary gland tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213588. [PMID: 37634337 PMCID: PMC11214436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Replacement therapy for the salivary gland (SG) remains an unmet clinical need. Xerostomia ("dry mouth") due to hyposalivation can result from injury or disease to the SG, such as salivary acinar death caused by radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Currently, only palliative treatments exist for xerostomia, and many patients endure deteriorated oral health and poor quality of life. Tissue engineering could offer a permanent solution for SG replacement by isolating healthy SG tissues prior to RT, expanding its cells in vitro, and recreating a functional salivary neogland for implantation post-RT. 3D bioprinting methods potentiate spatial cell deposition into defined hydrogel-based architectures, mimicking the thin epithelia developed during the complex branching morphogenesis of SG. By leveraging a microfluidics-based bioprinter with coaxial polymer and crosslinker streams, we fabricated thin, biocompatible, and reproducible hydrogel features that recapitulate the thin epithelia characteristics of SG. This flexible platform enabled two modes of printing: we produced solid hydrogel fibers, with diameters <100 μm, that could be rastered to create larger mm-scale structures. By a second method, we generated hollow tubes with wall thicknesses ranging 45-80 μm, total tube diameters spanning 0.6-2.2 mm, and confirmed tube patency. In both cases, SG cells could be printed within the thin hydrogel features, with preserved phenotype and high viability, even at high density (5.0 × 106 cells/mL). Our work demonstrates hydrogel feature control across multiple length scales, and a new paradigm for addressing SG restoration by creating microscale tissue engineered components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ephraim J Vázquez-Rosado
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez 00682, Puerto Rico
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Vignesh Viswananthan
- Department of Radiation Oncology - Radiation Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Farach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Fowler EW, Witt RL, Jia X. Basement Membrane Mimetic Hydrogel Cooperates with Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor to Promote the Development of Acini-Like Salivary Gland Spheroids. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2300088. [PMID: 38645834 PMCID: PMC11031203 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202300088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful engineering of functional salivary glands necessitates the creation of cell-instructive environments for ex vivo expansion and lineage specification of primary human salivary gland stem cells (hS/PCs). Herein, basement membrane mimetic hydrogels were prepared using hyaluronic acid, cell adhesive peptides, and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), with or without sulfate groups, to produce "hyperGel+" or "hyperGel", respectively. Differential scanning fluorescence experiments confirmed the ability of the sulphated HPG precursor to stabilize fibroblast growth factor 10. The hydrogels were nanoporous, cytocompatibile and cell-permissive, enabling the development of multicellular hS/PC spheroids in 14 days. Incorporation of sulfated HPG species in the hydrogel enhanced cell proliferation. Culture of hS/PCs in hyperGel+ in the presence of a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 (Y-27), led to the development of spheroids with a central lumen, increased the expression of acinar marker aquaporin-3 at the transcript level (AQP3), and decreased the expression of ductal marker keratin 7 at both the transcript (KRT7) and the protein levels (K7). Reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) targets SMAD2/3 was also observed in Y27-treated cultures, suggesting attenuation of TGF-β signaling. Thus, hyperGel+ cooperates with the ROCK inhibitor to promote the development of lumened spheroids with enhanced expression of acinar markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
| | - Robert L. Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, Delaware, 19713, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
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Mereness JA, Piraino L, Chen CY, Moyston T, Song Y, Shubin A, DeLouise LA, Ovitt CE, Benoit DSW. Slow hydrogel matrix degradation enhances salivary gland mimetic phenotype. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:187-200. [PMID: 37150277 PMCID: PMC10330445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We recently developed a salivary gland tissue mimetic (SGm), comprised of salivary gland cells encapsulated in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels within arrays of ∼320 µm diameter spherical cavities molded in PDMS. The SGm provides a functional and physiologically relevant platform well-suited to high-throughput drug screening for radioprotective compounds. However, the utility of the SGm would benefit from improved retention of acinar cell phenotype and function. We hypothesized that tuning biochemical cues presented within the PEG hydrogel matrix would improve maintenance of acinar cell phenotype and function by mimicking the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment of the intact gland. Hydrogels formed using slower-degrading MMP-sensitive peptide crosslinkers showed >2-fold increase in sphere number formed at 48 h, increased expression of acinar cell markers, and more robust response to calcium stimulation by the secretory agonist, carbachol, with reduced SGm tissue cluster disruption and outgrowth during prolonged culture. The incorporation of adhesive peptides containing RGD or IKVAV improved calcium flux response to secretory agonists at 14 days of culture. Tuning the hydrogel matrix improved cell aggregation, and promoted acinar cell phenotype, and stability of the SGm over 14 days of culture. Furthermore, combining this matrix with optimized media conditions synergistically prolonged the retention of the acinar cell phenotype in SGm. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction occurs due to off-target radiation due to head and neck cancer treatments. Progress in understanding gland dysfunction and developing therapeutic strategies for the SG are hampered by the lack of in vitro models, as salivary gland cells rapidly lose critical secretory function within 24 hours in vitro. Herein, we identify properties of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel matrices that enhance the secretory phenotype of SG tissue mimetics within the previously-described SG-microbubble tissue chip environment. Combining slow-degrading hydrogels with media conditions optimized for secretory marker expression further enhanced functional secretory response and secretory marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, United States; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chiao Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Tracey Moyston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Knight Campus Department of Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Shubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Department of General Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, United States; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, United States; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Knight Campus Bioengineering Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
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Metkari AS, Fowler EW, Witt RL, Jia X. Matrix Degradability Contributes to the Development of Salivary Gland Progenitor Cells with Secretory Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:32148-32161. [PMID: 37364369 PMCID: PMC10529452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic matrices that are cytocompatible, cell adhesive, and cell responsive are needed for the engineering of implantable, secretory salivary gland constructs to treat radiation induced xerostomia or dry mouth. Here, taking advantage of the bioorthogonality of the Michael-type addition reaction, hydrogels with comparable stiffness but varying degrees of degradability (100% degradable, 100DEG; 50% degradable, 50DEG; and nondegradable, 0DEG) by cell-secreted matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were synthesized using thiolated HA (HA-SH), maleimide (MI)-conjugated integrin-binding peptide (RGD-MI), and MI-functionalized peptide cross-linkers that are protease degradable (GIW-bisMI) or nondegradable (GIQ-bisMI). Organized multicellular structures developed readily in all hydrogels from dispersed primary human salivary gland stem cells (hS/PCs). As the matrix became progressively degradable, cells proliferated more readily, and the multicellular structures became larger, less spherical, and more lobular. Immunocytochemical analysis showed positive staining for stem/progenitor cell markers CD44 and keratin 5 (K5) in all three types of cultures and positive staining for the acinar marker α-amylase under 50DEG and 100DEG conditions. Quantitatively at the mRNA level, the expression levels of key stem/progenitor markers KIT, KRT5, and ETV4/5 were significantly increased in the degradable gels as compared to the nondegradable counterparts. Western blot analyses revealed that imparting matrix degradation led to >3.8-fold increase in KIT expression by day 15. The MMP-degradable hydrogels also promoted the development of a secretary phenotype, as evidenced by the upregulation of acinar markers α-amylase (AMY), aquaporin-5 (AQP5), and sodium-potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (SLC12A2). Collectively, we show that cell-mediated matrix remodeling is necessary for the development of regenerative pro-acinar progenitor cells from hS/PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva S. Metkari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Robert L. Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, USA
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12
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Phan TV, Oo Y, Ahmed K, Rodboon T, Rosa V, Yodmuang S, Ferreira JN. Salivary gland regeneration: from salivary gland stem cells to three-dimensional bioprinting. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:199-209. [PMID: 37019217 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyposalivation and severe dry mouth syndrome are the most common complications in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) after receiving radiation therapy. Conventional treatment for hyposalivation relies on the use of sialogogues such as pilocarpine; however, their efficacy is constrained by the limited number of remnant acinar cells after radiation. After radiotherapy, the salivary gland (SG) secretory parenchyma is largely destroyed, and due to the reduced stem cell niche, this gland has poor regenerative potential. To tackle this, researchers must be able to generate highly complex cellularized 3D constructs for clinical transplantation via technologies, including those that involve bioprinting of cells and biomaterials. A potential stem cell source with promising clinical outcomes to reserve dry mouth is adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC). MSC-like cells like human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) have been tested in novel magnetic bioprinting platforms using nanoparticles that can bind cell membranes by electrostatic interaction, as well as their paracrine signals arising from extracellular vesicles. Both magnetized cells and their secretome cues were found to increase epithelial and neuronal growth of in vitro and ex vivo irradiated SG models. Interestingly, these magnetic bioprinting platforms can be applied as a high-throughput drug screening system due to the consistency in structure and functions of their organoids. Recently, exogenous decellularized porcine ECM was added to this magnetic platform to stimulate an ideal environment for cell tethering, proliferation, and/or differentiation. The combination of these SG tissue biofabrication strategies will promptly allow for in vitro organoid formation and establishment of cellular senescent organoids for aging models, but challenges remain in terms of epithelial polarization and lumen formation for unidirectional fluid flow. Current magnetic bioprinting nanotechnologies can provide promising functional and aging features to in vitro craniofacial exocrine gland organoids, which can be utilized for novel drug discovery and/or clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan V Phan
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; International Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yamin Oo
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khurshid Ahmed
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Rodboon
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Sablatura LK, Bircsak KM, Shepherd P, Bathina M, Queiroz K, Farach-Carson MC, Kittles RA, Constantinou PE, Saleh A, Navone NM, Harrington DA. A 3D Perfusable Platform for In Vitro Culture of Patient Derived Xenografts. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201434. [PMID: 36461624 PMCID: PMC10235208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Many advanced cancer models, such as patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), offer significant benefits in their preservation of the native tumor's heterogeneity and susceptibility to treatments, but face significant barriers to use in their reliance on a rodent host for propagation and screening. PDXs remain difficult to implement in vitro, particularly in configurations that enable both detailed cellular analysis and high-throughput screening (HTS). Complex multilineage co-cultures with stromal fibroblasts, endothelium, and other cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) further complicate ex vivo implementation. Herein, the culture of multiple prostate cancer (PCa)-derived PDX models as 3D clusters within engineered biomimetic hydrogel matrices, in a HTS-compatible multiwell microfluidic format, alongside bone marrow-derived stromal cells and a perfused endothelial channel. Polymeric hydrogel matrices are customized for each cell type, enabling cell survival in vitro and facile imaging across all conditions. PCa PDXs demonstrate unique morphologies and reliance on TME partners, retention of known phenotype, and expected sensitivity or resistance to standard PCa therapeutics. This novel integration of technologies provides a fully human model, and expands the information to be gathered from each specimen, while avoiding the time and labor involved with animal-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Shepherd
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Madhavi Bathina
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | | | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Pamela E Constantinou
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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14
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Yu Q, Dai Q, Huang Z, Li C, Yan L, Fu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cai L, Yang Z, Xiao R. Microfat exerts an anti-fibrotic effect on human hypertrophic scar via fetuin-A/ETV4 axis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37004048 PMCID: PMC10064544 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scar is a fibrotic disease following wound healing and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Autologous microfat grafting proves an effective strategy for the treatment thereof as it could improve the texture of scars and relieve relevant symptoms. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effect of microfat on hypertrophic scars. METHODS In this study, we injected microfat into transplanted hypertrophic scars in mouse models and investigated the subsequent histological changes and differential expression of mRNAs therein. As for in vitro studies, we co-cultured microfat and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and analyzed molecular profile changes in HSFs co-cultured with microfat by RNA sequencing. Moreover, to identify the key transcription factors (TFs) which might be responsible for the anti-fibrotic function of microfat, we screened the differentially expressed TFs and transfected HSFs with lentivirus to overexpress or knockdown certain differentially expressed TFs. Furthermore, comparative secretome analyses were conducted to investigate the proteins secreted by co-cultured microfat; changes in gene expression of HSFs were examined after the administration of the potential anti-fibrotic protein. Finally, the relationship between the key TF in HSFs and the microfat-secreted anti-fibrotic adipokine was analyzed. RESULTS The anti-fibrotic effect of microfat was confirmed by in vivo transplanted hypertrophic scar models, as the number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts was decreased and the expression of fibrosis-related genes downregulated. Co-cultured microfat suppressed the extracellular matrix production of HSFs in in vitro experiment, and the transcription factor ETV4 was primarily differentially expressed in HSFs when compared with normal skin fibroblasts. Overexpression of ETV4 significantly decreased the expression of fibrosis-related genes in HSFs at both mRNA and protein levels. Fetuin-A secreted by microfat could also downregulate the expression of fibrosis-related genes in HSFs, partially through upregulating ETV4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that transcription factor ETV4 is essential for the anti-fibrotic effect of microfat on hypertrophic scars, and that fetuin-A secreted by microfat could suppress the fibrotic characteristic of HSFs through upregulating ETV4 expression. Microfat wields an alleviative influence over hypertrophic scars via fetuin-A/ETV4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Huang
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cai
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Pillai S, Munguia-Lopez JG, Tran SD. Hydrogels for Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering. Gels 2022; 8:730. [PMID: 36354638 PMCID: PMC9690182 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mimicking the complex architecture of salivary glands (SGs) outside their native niche is challenging due their multicellular and highly branched organization. However, significant progress has been made to recapitulate the gland structure and function using several in vitro and ex vivo models. Hydrogels are polymers with the potential to retain a large volume of water inside their three-dimensional structure, thus simulating extracellular matrix properties that are essential for the cell and tissue integrity. Hydrogel-based culture of SG cells has seen a tremendous success in terms of developing platforms for cell expansion, building an artificial gland, and for use in transplantation to rescue loss of SG function. Both natural and synthetic hydrogels have been used widely in SG tissue engineering applications owing to their properties that support the proliferation, reorganization, and polarization of SG epithelial cells. While recent improvements in hydrogel properties are essential to establish more sophisticated models, the emphasis should still be made towards supporting factors such as mechanotransduction and associated signaling cues. In this concise review, we discuss considerations of an ideal hydrogel-based biomaterial for SG engineering and their associated signaling pathways. We also discuss the current advances made in natural and synthetic hydrogels for SG tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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16
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Fowler EW, van Venrooy EJ, Witt RL, Jia X. A TGFβR inhibitor represses keratin-7 expression in 3D cultures of human salivary gland progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15008. [PMID: 36056161 PMCID: PMC9440137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. Key to the success of this approach is the maintenance and expansion of secretory acinar cells in vitro. However, recent studies revealed that in vitro culture of primary salivary gland epithelial cells led to undesirable upregulation of the expression of keratin-7 (K7), a marker of ductal phenotype and frequently associated with cellular stress. We have previously shown that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based, RGDSP-decorated hydrogels support the 3D growth and assembly of primary human salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs). Here, we investigate whether the RGDSP culture also promotes K7 expression, and if so, what factors govern the K7 expression. Compared to hS/PCs maintained in blank HA gels, those grown in RGDSP cultures expressed a significantly higher level of K7. In other tissues, various transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are reported to regulate K7 expression. Similarly, our immunoblot array and ELISA experiments confirmed the increased expression of TGF-β1 and growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in RGDSP cultures. However, 2D model studies show that only TGF-β1 is required to induce K7 expression in hS/PCs. Immunocytochemical analysis of the intracellular effectors of TGF-β signaling, SMAD 2/3, further confirmed the elevated TGF-β signaling in RGDSP cultures. To maximize the regenerative potential of h/SPCs, cultures were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of TGF-β receptor, A83-01. Our results show that A83-01 treatment can repress K7 expression not only in 3D RGDSP cultures but also under 2D conditions with exogenous TGF-β1. Collectively, we provide a link between TGF-β signaling and K7 expression in hS/PC cultures and demonstrate the effectiveness of TGF-β inhibition to repress K7 expression while maintaining the ability of RGDSP-conjugated HA gels to facilitate the rapid development of amylase expressing spheroids. These findings represent an important step towards regenerating salivary function with a tissue-engineered salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Emmett J van Venrooy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Robert L Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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17
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 PMCID: PMC9126227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury, will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels: the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis, and regeneration, and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Yoon YJ, Kim D, Tak KY, Hwang S, Kim J, Sim NS, Cho JM, Choi D, Ji Y, Hur JK, Kim H, Park JE, Lim JY. Salivary gland organoid culture maintains distinct glandular properties of murine and human major salivary glands. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3291. [PMID: 35672412 PMCID: PMC9174290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands that produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for lubrication, digestion, immunity, and oral homeostasis, consist of diverse cells. The long-term maintenance of diverse salivary gland cells in organoids remains problematic. Here, we establish long-term murine and human salivary gland organoid cultures. Murine and human salivary gland organoids express gland-specific genes and proteins of acinar, myoepithelial, and duct cells, and exhibit gland functions when stimulated with neurotransmitters. Furthermore, human salivary gland organoids are established from isolated basal or luminal cells, retaining their characteristics. Single-cell RNA sequencing also indicates that human salivary gland organoids contain heterogeneous cell types and replicate glandular diversity. Our protocol also enables the generation of tumoroid cultures from benign and malignant salivary gland tumor types, in which tumor-specific gene signatures are well-conserved. In this study, we provide an experimental platform for the exploration of precision medicine in the era of tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon Yong Tak
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungyeon Hwang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dojin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Ji
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Hajiabbas M, D'Agostino C, Simińska-Stanny J, Tran SD, Shavandi A, Delporte C. Bioengineering in salivary gland regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:35. [PMID: 35668440 PMCID: PMC9172163 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction impairs the life quality of many patients, such as patients with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer and patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Multiple SG engineering strategies have been considered for SG regeneration, repair, or whole organ replacement. An in-depth understanding of the development and differentiation of epithelial stem and progenitor cells niche during SG branching morphogenesis and signaling pathways involved in cell–cell communication constitute a prerequisite to the development of suitable bioengineering solutions. This review summarizes the essential bioengineering features to be considered to fabricate an engineered functional SG model using various cell types, biomaterials, active agents, and matrix fabrication methods. Furthermore, recent innovative and promising approaches to engineering SG models are described. Finally, this review discusses the different challenges and future perspectives in SG bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajiabbas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Simińska-Stanny
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland.,3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Ou M, Li Q, Ling X, Yao J, Mo X. Cocktail Formula and Application Prospects for Oral and Maxillofacial Organoids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:913-925. [PMID: 35612711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial organoids (OMOs), tiny tissues and organs derived from stem cells cultured through 3-d cell culture models, can fully summarize the cell tissue structure, physiological functions and biological characteristics of the source tissues in the body. OMOs are applied in areas such as disease modelling, developmental and regenerative medicine, drug screening, personalized treatment, etc. Although the construction of organoids in various parts of the oral and maxillofacial (OM) region has achieved considerable success, the existing cocktail formulae (construction strategies) are not widely applicable for tissues of various sources due to factors including the heterogeneity of the source tissues and the dependence on laboratory technology. Most of their formulae are based on growth factor niches containing expensive recombinant proteins with their efficiency remaining to be improved. In view of this, the cocktail formulae of various parts of the OM organs are reviewed with further discussion of the application and prospects for those OMOs to find some affordable cocktail formula with strong operability and high repeatability for various maxillofacial organs. The results may help improve the efficiency of organoid construction in the laboratory and accelerate the pace of the clinical use of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ou
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China.,Department of Stomatology, China Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18 Second Zhongshan Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China.,Department of Stomatology, China Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18 Second Zhongshan Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China
| | - Xiaofang Ling
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China.,Department of Stomatology, China Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18 Second Zhongshan Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China
| | - Jinguang Yao
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China. .,Department of Stomatology, China Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18 Second Zhongshan Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Mo
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, BaiseGuangxi, 533000, China.
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21
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Hayes AJ, Farrugia BL, Biose IJ, Bix GJ, Melrose J. Perlecan, A Multi-Functional, Cell-Instructive, Matrix-Stabilizing Proteoglycan With Roles in Tissue Development Has Relevance to Connective Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856261. [PMID: 35433700 PMCID: PMC9010944 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the multifunctional properties of perlecan (HSPG2) and its potential roles in repair biology. Perlecan is ubiquitous, occurring in vascular, cartilaginous, adipose, lymphoreticular, bone and bone marrow stroma and in neural tissues. Perlecan has roles in angiogenesis, tissue development and extracellular matrix stabilization in mature weight bearing and tensional tissues. Perlecan contributes to mechanosensory properties in cartilage through pericellular interactions with fibrillin-1, type IV, V, VI and XI collagen and elastin. Perlecan domain I - FGF, PDGF, VEGF and BMP interactions promote embryonic cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development. Perlecan domain II, an LDLR-like domain interacts with lipids, Wnt and Hedgehog morphogens. Perlecan domain III binds FGF-7 and 18 and has roles in the secretion of perlecan. Perlecan domain IV, an immunoglobulin repeat domain, has cell attachment and matrix stabilizing properties. Perlecan domain V promotes tissue repair through interactions with VEGF, VEGF-R2 and α2β1 integrin. Perlecan domain-V LG1-LG2 and LG3 fragments antagonize these interactions. Perlecan domain V promotes reconstitution of the blood brain barrier damaged by ischemic stroke and is neurogenic and neuroprotective. Perlecan-VEGF-VEGFR2, perlecan-FGF-2 and perlecan-PDGF interactions promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Perlecan domain I, III and V interactions with platelet factor-4 and megakaryocyte and platelet inhibitory receptor promote adhesion of cells to implants and scaffolds in vascular repair. Perlecan localizes acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction and is of functional significance in neuromuscular control. Perlecan mutation leads to Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome, functional impairment of the biomechanical properties of the intervertebral disc, variable levels of chondroplasia and myotonia. A greater understanding of the functional working of the neuromuscular junction may be insightful in therapeutic approaches in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Tissue engineering of salivary glands has been undertaken using bioactive peptides (TWSKV) derived from perlecan domain IV. Perlecan TWSKV peptide induces differentiation of salivary gland cells into self-assembling acini-like structures that express salivary gland biomarkers and secrete α-amylase. Perlecan also promotes chondroprogenitor stem cell maturation and development of pluripotent migratory stem cell lineages, which participate in diarthrodial joint formation, and early cartilage development. Recent studies have also shown that perlecan is prominently expressed during repair of adult human articular cartilage. Perlecan also has roles in endochondral ossification and bone development. Perlecan domain I hydrogels been used in tissue engineering to establish heparin binding growth factor gradients that promote cell migration and cartilage repair. Perlecan domain I collagen I fibril scaffolds have also been used as an FGF-2 delivery system for tissue repair. With the availability of recombinant perlecan domains, the development of other tissue repair strategies should emerge in the near future. Perlecan co-localization with vascular elastin in the intima, acts as a blood shear-flow endothelial sensor that regulates blood volume and pressure and has a similar role to perlecan in canalicular fluid, regulating bone development and remodeling. This complements perlecan's roles in growth plate cartilage and in endochondral ossification to form the appendicular and axial skeleton. Perlecan is thus a ubiquitous, multifunctional, and pleomorphic molecule of considerable biological importance. A greater understanding of its diverse biological roles and functional repertoires during tissue development, growth and disease will yield valuable insights into how this impressive proteoglycan could be utilized successfully in repair biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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22
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Song Y, Sharipol A, Uchida H, Ingalls MH, Piraino L, Mereness JA, Moyston T, DeLouise LA, Ovitt CE, Benoit DS. Encapsulation of Primary Salivary Gland Acinar Cell Clusters and Intercalated Ducts (AIDUCs) within Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-Degradable Hydrogels to Maintain Tissue Structure and Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101948. [PMID: 34994104 PMCID: PMC8986612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the development of salivary gland regenerative strategies is limited by poor maintenance of the secretory function of salivary gland cells (SGCs) in vitro. To reduce the precipitous loss of secretory function, a modified approach to isolate intact acinar cell clusters and intercalated ducts (AIDUCs), rather than commonly used single cell suspension, is investigated. This isolation approach yields AIDUCs that maintain many of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of intact glands. Encapsulation of AIDUCs in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable PEG hydrogels promotes self-assembly into salivary gland mimetics (SGm) with acinar-like structure. Expression of Mist1, a transcription factor associated with secretory function, is detectable throughout the in vitro culture period up to 14 days. Immunohistochemistry also confirms expression of acinar cell markers (NKCC1, PIP and AQP5), duct cell markers (K7 and K5), and myoepithelial cell markers (SMA). Robust carbachol and ATP-stimulated calcium flux is observed within the SGm for up to 14 days after encapsulation, indicating that secretory function is maintained. Though some acinar-to-ductal metaplasia is observed within SGm, it is reduced compared to previous reports. In conclusion, cell-cell interactions maintained within AIDUCs together with the hydrogel microenvironment may be a promising platform for salivary gland regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Azmeer Sharipol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew H. Ingalls
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jared A. Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Moyston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Wu D, Chapela PJ, Barrows CML, Harrington DA, Carson DD, Witt RL, Mohyuddin NG, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Farach-Carson MC. MUC1 and Polarity Markers INADL and SCRIB Identify Salivary Ductal Cells. J Dent Res 2022; 101:983-991. [PMID: 35259994 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221076122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for xerostomia/dry mouth are palliative and largely ineffective. A permanent clinical resolution is being developed to correct hyposalivation using implanted hydrogel-encapsulated salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) to restore functional salivary components and increase salivary flow. Pluripotent epithelial cell populations derived from hS/PCs, representing a basal stem cell population in tissue, can differentiate along either secretory acinar or fluid-transporting ductal lineages. To develop tissue-engineered salivary gland replacement tissues, it is critical to reliably identify cells in tissue and as they enter these alternative lineages. The secreted protein α-amylase, the transcription factor MIST1, and aquaporin-5 are typical markers for acinar cells, and K19 is the classical ductal marker in salivary tissue. We found that early ductal progenitors derived from hS/PCs do not express K19, and thus earlier markers were needed to distinguish these cells from acinar progenitors. Salivary ductal cells express distinct polarity complex proteins that we hypothesized could serve as lineage biomarkers to distinguish ductal cells from acinar cells in differentiating hS/PC populations. Based on our studies of primary salivary tissue, both parotid and submandibular glands, and differentiating hS/PCs, we conclude that the apical marker MUC1 along with the polarity markers INADL/PATJ and SCRIB reliably can identify ductal cells in salivary glands and in ductal progenitor populations of hS/PCs being used for salivary tissue engineering. Other markers of epithelial maturation, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, and partition complex component PAR3, are present in both ductal and acinar cells, where they can serve as general markers of differentiation but not lineage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P J Chapela
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C M L Barrows
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D D Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, DE, USA
| | - N G Mohyuddin
- Department of Clinical Otolaryngology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Alginate Hydrogel Microtubes for Salivary Gland Cell Organization and Cavitation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010038. [PMID: 35049747 PMCID: PMC8773299 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the different regulatory functions of epithelial and mesenchymal cell types in salivary gland development and cellular organization is essential for proper organoid formation and salivary gland tissue regeneration. Here, we demonstrate a biocompatible platform using pre-formed alginate hydrogel microtubes to facilitate direct epithelial–mesenchymal cell interaction for 3D salivary gland cell organization, which allows for monitoring cellular organization while providing a protective barrier from cell-cluster loss during medium changes. Using mouse salivary gland ductal epithelial SIMS cells as the epithelial model cell type and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or primary E16 salivary mesenchyme cells as the stromal model cell types, self-organization from epithelial–mesenchymal interaction was examined. We observed that epithelial and mesenchymal cells undergo aggregation on day 1, cavitation by day 4, and generation of an EpCAM-expressing epithelial cell layer as early as day 7 of the co-culture in hydrogel microtubes, demonstrating the utility of hydrogel microtubes to facilitate heterotypic cell–cell interactions to form cavitated organoids. Thus, pre-formed alginate microtubes are a promising co-culture method for further understanding epithelial and mesenchymal interaction during tissue morphogenesis and for future practical applications in regenerative medicine.
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25
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Hong HJ, Cho JM, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Lee S, Lee H, Ahn S, Koh WG, Lim JY. Thermoresponsive fiber-based microwells capable of formation and retrieval of salivary gland stem cell spheroids for the regeneration of irradiation-damaged salivary glands. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085645. [PMID: 35422983 PMCID: PMC9003645 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional spheroid culture enhances cell-to-cell interactions among stem cells and promotes the expression of stem cell properties; however, subsequent retrieval and delivery of these cells remain a challenge. We fabricated a thermoresponsive fiber-based microwell scaffold by combining electrospinning and hydrogel micropatterning. The resultant scaffold appeared to facilitate the formation of cellular spheroids of uniform size and enabled the expression of more stem cell-secreting growth factor genes (EGF, IGF-1, FGF1, FGF2, and HGF), pluripotent stem cell-related genes (SOX2 and NANOG), and adult epithelial stem cell-related genes (LGR4, LGR5, and LGR6) than salivary gland stem cells in a monolayer culture (SGSCmonolayer). The spheroids could be retrieved efficiently by decreasing temperature. SGSC-derived spheroid (SGSCspheroid) cells were then implanted into the submandibular glands of mice at 2 weeks after fractionated X-ray irradiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy/day. At 16 weeks post-irradiation, restoration of salivary function was detected only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. The production of submandibular acini specific mucin increased in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice, compared with PBS control. More MIST1+ mature acinar cells were preserved in the SGSCspheroid-implanted group than in the PBS control group. Intriguingly, SGSCspheroid-implanted mice exhibited greater amelioration of tissue damage and preservation of KRT7+ terminally differentiated luminal ductal cells than SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice. The SGSCspheroid-implanted mice also showed less DNA damage and apoptotic cell death than the SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice at 2 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, a significant increase in Ki67+AQP5+ proliferative acinar cells was noted only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. Our results suggest that a thermoresponsive fiber-based scaffold could be of use to facilitate the production of function-enhanced SGSCspheroid cells and their subsequent retrieval and delivery to damaged salivary glands to alleviate radiation-induced apoptotic cell death and promote salivary gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DoJin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Huang M, Huang Y, LIU H, Tang Z, Chen Y, Huang Z, Xu S, Du J, Jia B. Hydrogels for Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Current Research, Challenge, and Future Directions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6413-6446. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases such as infection and trauma often involve various organs and tissues, resulting in structural defects, dysfunctions and/or adverse effects on facial appearance. Hydrogels have been applied...
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27
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Fowler EW, Ravikrishnan A, Witt RL, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Jia X. RGDSP-Decorated Hyaluronate Hydrogels Facilitate Rapid 3D Expansion of Amylase-Expressing Salivary Gland Progenitor Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5749-5761. [PMID: 34781679 PMCID: PMC8680203 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineering of salivary glands relies on the availability of synthetic matrices presenting essential cell-instructive signals to guide tissue growth. Here, we describe a biomimetic, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel platform containing covalently immobilized bioactive peptides derived from perlecan domain IV (TWSKV), laminin-111 (YIGSR, IKVAV), and fibronectin (RGDSP). The HA network was established by the thiol/acrylate reaction, and bioactive peptides were conjugated to the network with high efficiency without significantly altering the mechanical property of the matrix. When encapsulated as single cells in peptide-modified HA hydrogels, human salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) spontaneously organized into multicellular spheroids with close cell-cell contacts. Conjugation of RGDSP and TWSKV signals in HA gels significantly accelerated cell proliferation, with the largest spheroids observed in RGDSP-tagged gels. Peptide conjugation did not significantly alter the expression of acinar (AMY1), ductal (TFCP2L1), and progenitor (KRT14) markers at the mRNA level. Characterization of three-dimensional (3D) cultures by immunocytochemistry showed positive staining for keratin-5 (K5), keratin-14 (K14), integrin-β1, and α-amylase under all culture conditions, confirming the maintenance of the secretory progenitor cell population. Two-dimensional (2D) adhesion studies revealed that integrin-β1 played a key role in facilitating cell-matrix interaction in gels with RGDSP, IKVAV, and TWSKV signals. Overall, conjugation of the RGDSP peptide to HA gels improved cell viability, accelerated the formation of epithelial spheroids, and promoted the expansion of the progenitor cell population in 3D. This work represents an essential first step toward the development of an engineered salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210 South College Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Anitha Ravikrishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210 South College Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Robert L. Witt
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 1020 Walnut St., Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Center for Translational Cancer Research, 4701 Ogletown Stanton Rd., Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Swati Pradhan-Bhatt
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, 4701 Ogletown Stanton Rd., Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210 South College Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, 210 South College Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA,Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Xinqiao Jia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210 South College Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. Phone: 302-831-6553, Fax: 302-831-4545,
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28
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Wang X, Martinez PS, Terpstra JH, Shaalan A, Proctor GB, Spijkervet FKL, Vissink A, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM, Coppes RP, Pringle S. β-Adrenergic signaling induces Notch-mediated salivary gland progenitor cell control. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2813-2824. [PMID: 34678204 PMCID: PMC8581054 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Adrenergic signaling blockade is a mainstay of hypertension management. One percent of patients taking β-blockers develop reduced salivary gland (SG) function. Here we investigate the role of SG progenitor cells in β-blocker-induced hyposalivation, using human SG organoid cultures (SGOs). Compared with control SGs, initial low SG progenitor cell yield from patients taking β-blockers was observed. When passaged, these SGOs recovered self-renewal and upregulated Notch pathway expression. Notch signaling was downregulated in situ in β-adrenergic receptor-expressing luminal intercalated duct (ID) cells of patients taking β-blockers. Control SGOs treated with β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol demonstrated increased proportion of luminal ID SGO cells with active Notch signaling. Control SGOs exposed to isoproterenol differentiated into more mature SGOs (mSGOs) expressing markers of acinar cells. We propose that β-blocker-induced Notch signaling reduction in luminal ID cells hampers their ability to proliferate and differentiate into acinar cells, inducing a persistent hyposalivation in some patients taking β-blocking medication. SG organoids from patients taking β-adrenergic blockers show low yield Notch signaling in parotid SG luminal ID cells decreases with β-blocker use β-Adrenergic stimulation induces proliferation of parotid SG luminal ID cells β-Adrenergic-induced Notch activity stimulates SGO differentiation into mSGOs
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J H Terpstra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Shaalan
- Centre for Host and Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G B Proctor
- Centre for Host and Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F K L Spijkervet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Wu D, Lombaert IMA, DeLeon M, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Harrington DA, Trombetta MG, Passineau MJ, Farach-Carson MC. Immunosuppressed Miniswine as a Model for Testing Cell Therapy Success: Experience With Implants of Human Salivary Stem/Progenitor Cell Constructs. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711602. [PMID: 34660692 PMCID: PMC8516353 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An urgent need exists to develop large animal models for preclinical testing of new cell therapies designed to replace lost or damaged tissues. Patients receiving irradiation for treatment of head and neck cancers frequently develop xerostomia/dry mouth, a condition that could one day be treated by cell therapy to repopulate functional saliva-producing cells. Using immunosuppression protocols developed for patients receiving whole face transplants, we successfully used immunosuppressed miniswine as a suitable host animal to evaluate the long-term stability, biocompatibility, and fate of matrix-modified hyaluronate (HA) hydrogel/bioscaffold materials containing encapsulated salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs). An initial biocompatibility test was conducted in parotids of untreated miniswine. Subsequent experiments using hS/PC-laden hydrogels were performed in animals, beginning an immunosuppression regimen on the day of surgery. Implant sites included the kidney capsule for viability testing and the parotid gland for biointegration time periods up to eight weeks. No transplant rejection was seen in any animal assessed by analysis of the tissues near the site of the implants. First-generation implants containing only cells in hydrogel proved difficult to handle in the surgical suite and were modified to adhere to a porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) membrane for improved handling and could be delivered through the da Vinci surgical system. Several different surgical techniques were assessed using the second-generation 3D-salivary tissue (3D-ST) for ease and stability both on the kidney capsule and in the capsule-less parotid gland. For the kidney, sliding the implant under the capsule membrane and quick stitching proved superior to other methods. For the parotid gland, creation of a tissue “pocket” for placement and immediate multilayer tissue closure were well tolerated with minimal tissue damage. Surgical clips were placed as fiduciary markers for tissue harvest. Some implant experiments were conducted with miniswine 90 days post-irradiation when salivation decreased significantly. Sufficient parotid tissue remained to allow implant placement, and animals tolerated immunosuppression. In all experiments, viability of implanted hS/PCs was high with clear signs of both vascular and nervous system integration in the parotid implants. We thus conclude that the immunosuppressed miniswine is a high-value emerging model for testing human implants prior to first-in-human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maximilien DeLeon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swati Pradhan-Bhatt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Robert L Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Daniel Anton Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark G Trombetta
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael J Passineau
- Gene Therapy Program, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cells 2021; 10:1723. [PMID: 34359893 PMCID: PMC8303463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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31
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Chansaenroj A, Yodmuang S, Ferreira JN. Trends in Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering: From Stem Cells to Secretome and Organoid Bioprinting. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 27:155-165. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - João N. Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Song Y, Uchida H, Sharipol A, Piraino L, Mereness JA, Ingalls MH, Rebhahn J, Newlands SD, DeLouise LA, Ovitt CE, Benoit DSW. Development of a functional salivary gland tissue chip with potential for high-content drug screening. Commun Biol 2021; 4:361. [PMID: 33742114 PMCID: PMC7979686 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers causes salivary gland dysfunction leading to permanent xerostomia. Limited progress in the discovery of new therapeutic strategies is attributed to the lack of in vitro models that mimic salivary gland function and allow high-throughput drug screening. We address this limitation by combining engineered extracellular matrices with microbubble (MB) array technology to develop functional tissue mimetics for mouse and human salivary glands. We demonstrate that mouse and human salivary tissues encapsulated within matrix metalloproteinase-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed in MB arrays are viable, express key salivary gland markers, and exhibit polarized localization of functional proteins. The salivary gland mimetics (SGm) respond to calcium signaling agonists and secrete salivary proteins. SGm were then used to evaluate radiosensitivity and mitigation of radiation damage using a radioprotective compound. Altogether, SGm exhibit phenotypic and functional parameters of salivary glands, and provide an enabling technology for high-content/throughput drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Azmeer Sharipol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jared A Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew H Ingalls
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Rocchi C, Barazzuol L, Coppes RP. The evolving definition of salivary gland stem cells. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:4. [PMID: 33526786 PMCID: PMC7851389 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the salivary gland and irreversible hyposalivation are the main side effects of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer leading to a drastic decrease of the quality of life of the patients. Approaches aimed at regenerating damaged salivary glands have been proposed as means to provide long-term restoration of tissue function in the affected patients. In studies to elucidate salivary gland regenerative mechanisms, more and more evidence suggests that salivary gland stem/progenitor cell behavior, like many other adult tissues, does not follow that of the hard-wired professional stem cells of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we provide evidence showing that several cell types within the salivary gland epithelium can serve as stem/progenitor-like cells. While these cell populations seem to function mostly as lineage-restricted progenitors during homeostasis, we indicate that upon damage specific plasticity mechanisms might be activated to take part in regeneration of the tissue. In light of these insights, we provide an overview of how recent developments in the adult stem cell research field are changing our thinking of the definition of salivary gland stem cells and their potential plasticity upon damage. These new perspectives may have important implications on the development of new therapeutic approaches to rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Barrows CM, Wu D, Farach-Carson MC, Young S. Building a Functional Salivary Gland for Cell-Based Therapy: More than Secretory Epithelial Acini. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1332-1348. [PMID: 32829674 PMCID: PMC7759264 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A few treatment options exist for patients experiencing xerostomia due to hyposalivation that occurs as a result of disease or injury to the gland. An opportunity for a permanent solution lies in the field of salivary gland replacement through tissue engineering. Recent success emboldens in the vision of producing a tissue-engineered salivary gland composed of differentiated salivary epithelial cells that are able to differentiate to form functional units that produce and deliver saliva to the oral cavity. This vision is augmented by advances in understanding cellular mechanisms that guide branching morphogenesis and salivary epithelial cell polarization in both acinar and ductal structures. Growth factors and other guidance cues introduced into engineered constructs help to develop a more complex glandular structure that seeks to mimic native salivary gland tissue. This review describes the separate epithelial phenotypes that make up the gland, and it describes their relationship with the other cell types such as nerve and vasculature that surround them. The review is organized around the links between the native components that form and contribute to various aspects of salivary gland development, structure, and function and how this information can drive the design of functional tissue-engineered constructs. In addition, we discuss the attributes of various biomaterials commonly used to drive function and form in engineered constructs. The review also contains a current description of the state-of-the-art of the field, including successes and challenges in creating materials for preclinical testing in animal models. The ability to integrate biomolecular cues in combination with a range of materials opens the door to the design of increasingly complex salivary gland structures that, once accomplished, can lead to breakthroughs in other fields of tissue engineering of epithelial-based exocrine glands or oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlynn M.L. Barrows
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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35
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Lee SW, Kim J, Do M, Namkoong E, Lee H, Ryu JH, Park K. Developmental role of hyaluronic acid and its application in salivary gland tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:275-287. [PMID: 32853803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dry mouth, or xerostomia, caused by salivary gland dysfunction significantly impacts oral/systemic health and quality of life. Although in vitro-generated artificial salivary glands have been considered as the fundamental solution, its structural complexity is difficult to reproduce using current biomaterials. Therefore, understanding and recapitulating the roles of biomacromolecules in salivary gland organogenesis is needed to solve these problems. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a macromolecule abundant during salivary gland organogenesis, but its role remains unknown. Here, we verify the effects of HA on salivary gland organogenesis and artificial organ germ formation in solubilized and substrate-immobilized forms. In embryonic submandibular glands (eSMG), we found dense HA layers encapsulating proliferative c-Kit+ progenitor cells that were expressing CD44, an HA receptor. The blockage of HA synthesis, or degradation of HA, impaired eSMG growth by ablating the c-Kit+ progenitor cell population. We also found that high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA has a significant role in eSMG growth. Based on these findings, we discovered that HA is also crucial for in vitro formation of salivary gland organ germs, one of the most promising candidates for salivary gland tissue regeneration. We significantly enhanced salivary gland organ germ formation by supplementing HMW HA in solution; this effect was further increased when the HMW HA was immobilized on the substrate by polydopamine/HA co-immobilization. Our study suggests that the current use of HA in salivary gland tissue engineering can be further optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nature-inspired Technology (CNiT), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Namkoong
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nature-inspired Technology (CNiT), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Badekila AK, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Fabrication techniques of biomimetic scaffolds in three-dimensional cell culture: A review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:741-762. [PMID: 32657458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K Badekila
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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37
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Sui Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang X, Hu W, Feng Y, Xiong J, Zhang Y, Wei S. Generation of functional salivary gland tissue from human submandibular gland stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32197647 PMCID: PMC7083056 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organ replacement regenerative therapy based on human adult stem cells may be effective for salivary gland hypofunction. However, the generated tissues are immature because the signaling factors that induce the differentiation of human salivary gland stem cells into salivary glands are unknown. Methods Isolated human submandibular gland stem/progenitor cells (hSMGepiS/PCs) were characterized and three-dimensionally (3D) cultured to generate organoids and further induced by fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) in vitro. The induced spheres alone or in combination with embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) mouse salivary gland mesenchyme were transplanted into the renal capsules of nude mice to assess their development in vivo. Immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, calcium release analysis, western blotting, hematoxylin–eosin staining, Alcian blue–periodic acid-Schiff staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining were performed to assess the structure and function of generated tissues in vitro and in vivo. Results The isolated hSMGepiS/PCs could be long-term cultured with a stable genome. The organoids treated with FGF10 [FGF10 (+) group] exhibited higher expression of salivary gland–specific markers; showed spatial arrangement of AQP5+, K19+, and SMA+ cells; and were more sensitive to the stimulation by neurotransmitters than untreated organoids [FGF10 (−) group]. After heterotopic transplantation, the induced cell spheres combined with mouse embryonic salivary gland mesenchyme showed characteristics of mature salivary glands, including a natural morphology and saliva secretion. Conclusion FGF10 promoted the development of the hSMGepiS/PC-derived salivary gland organoids by the expression of differentiation markers, structure formation, and response to neurotransmitters in vitro. Moreover, the hSMGepiS/PCs responded to the niche in mouse embryonic mesenchyme and further differentiated into salivary gland tissues with mature characteristics. Our study provides a foundation for the regenerative therapy of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, No. 22 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, No. 22 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, and State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Waner Hu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, and State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrui Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, No. 22 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingwei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, No. 22 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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38
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Strategies for Developing Functional Secretory Epithelia from Porcine Salivary Gland Explant Outgrowth Culture Models. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110657. [PMID: 31717706 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts have been made to develop human salivary gland (SG) secretory epithelia for transplantation in patients with SG hypofunction and dry mouth (xerostomia). However, the limited availability of human biopsies hinders the generation of sufficient cell numbers for epithelia formation and regeneration. Porcine SG have several similarities to their human counterparts, hence could replace human cells in SG modelling studies in vitro. Our study aims to establish porcine SG explant outgrowth models to generate functional secretory epithelia for regeneration purposes to rescue hyposalivation. Cells were isolated and expanded from porcine submandibular and parotid gland explants. Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and gene arrays were performed to assess proliferation, standard mesenchymal stem cell, and putative SG epithelial stem/progenitor cell markers. Epithelial differentiation was induced and different SG-specific markers investigated. Functional assays upon neurostimulation determined α-amylase activity, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and calcium influx. Primary cells exhibited SG epithelial progenitors and proliferation markers. After differentiation, SG markers were abundantly expressed resembling epithelial lineages (E-cadherin, Krt5, Krt14), and myoepithelial (α-smooth muscle actin) and neuronal (β3-tubulin, Chrm3) compartments. Differentiated cells from submandibular gland explant models displayed significantly greater proliferation, number of epithelial progenitors, amylase activity, and epithelial barrier function when compared to parotid gland models. Intracellular calcium was mobilized upon cholinergic and adrenergic neurostimulation. In summary, this study highlights new strategies to develop secretory epithelia from porcine SG explants, suitable for future proof-of-concept SG regeneration studies, as well as for testing novel muscarinic agonists and other biomolecules for dry mouth.
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39
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Wu D, Witt RL, Harrington DA, Farach-Carson MC. Dynamic Assembly of Human Salivary Stem/Progenitor Microstructures Requires Coordinated α 1β 1 Integrin-Mediated Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:224. [PMID: 31750298 PMCID: PMC6843075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue engineering approach can provide replacement salivary gland structures to patients with hyposalivation disorders and xerostomia. Salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) were isolated from healthy regions of parotid glands of head and neck surgery patients, expanded, then encapsulated in biocompatible hyaluronate (HA)-based hydrogels. These bioactive hydrogels provide a surrogate territorial matrix suitable for the dynamic assembly, growth and reorganization of salivary gland components. This study examined the dynamics of salivary microstructure formation, growth, and reorganization using time-lapse imaging over 15 h. Immunofluorescence detection monitored production of individual basement membrane components forming around developing microstructures, and Ki67 assessed proliferation. Dynamic movements in hydrogels were quantified by measuring angular velocity (ω) of rotating salivary microstructures and changes in basement membrane architecture during microstructure growth. Integrin involvement in the dynamic reassembly was assessed using knockdown and inhibitor approaches. Single hS/PCs expanded over 5 days into spherical microstructures typically containing 3–10 cells. In larger macrostructures, proliferation occurred near the peripheral basement membrane that underwent growth-associated cycles of thinning and collapse. De novo secretion of laminin/collagen IV from reorganizing hS/PCs preceded that of perlecan/HSPG2. Microstructures routinely expressed β1 integrin-containing complexes at basement membrane-associated regions and exhibited spontaneous and coordinated rotation during basement membrane maturation. β1 integrin siRNA knockdown at the single-cell state prevented hS/PC microstructure growth. After microstructure formation, β1 integrin knockdown reduced rotation and mean ω by 84%. Blockade of the α1 integrin subunit (CD49a) that associates with β1 reduced mean ω by 66%. Studies presented here show that initial hS/PC structure growth and basement membrane maturation depends on α1β1-integrin mediated signaling. Coordinated cellular motility during neotissue reorganization reminiscent of salivary gland acini was critically dependent both on hS/PC-secretion of laminin,collagen type-IV, and perlecan/HSPG2 and the force-driven interactions of α1β1-integrin activation. We conclude that α1β1-integrin plays a critical role in establishing human salivary gland coordinated structure and function, and that its activation in tissue engineered systems is essential to tissue assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert L Witt
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health Center, Newark, DE, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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40
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Hubka KM, Carson DD, Harrington DA, Farach-Carson MC. Perlecan domain I gradients establish stable biomimetic heparin binding growth factor gradients for cell migration in hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:385-398. [PMID: 31351252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor gradients orchestrate many biological processes including organogenesis, wound healing, cancer invasion, and metastasis. Heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) gradients are established in living systems by proteoglycans including the extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan/HSPG2. Three potential HBGF-binding glycosaminoglycan attachment sites occur in N-terminal domain I of perlecan's five domains. Our overarching goal was to form stable, biomimetic non-covalently bound HBGF gradients surrounding cells encapsulated in hyaluronate-based hydrogels by first establishing perlecan domain I (PlnD1) gradients. A versatile multichannel gradient maker device (MGMD) was designed and 3D printed, then used to create desired gradients of microparticles in hydrogels. Next, we used the device to covalently incorporate gradients of PEGylated PlnD1 in hydrogels with high-low-high or high-medium-low concentrations across the hydrogel width. Fluorescently-labeled fibroblast growth factor-2 was delivered to hydrogels in phosphate-buffered saline and allowed to electrostatically bind to the covalently pre-incorporated PlnD1, producing stable non-covalent HBGF gradients. To test cell viability after flow through the MGMD, delicate primary human salivary stem/progenitor cells were encapsulated in gradient hydrogels where they showed high viability and continued to grow. Next, to test migratory behavior in response to HBGF gradients, two cell types, preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were encapsulated in or adjacent to PlnD1-modified hydrogels. Both cell lines migrated toward HBGFs bound to PlnD1. We conclude that establishing covalently-bound PlnD1 gradients in hydrogels provides a new means to establish physiologically-relevant gradients of HBGFs that are useful for a variety of applications in tissue engineering and cancer biology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gradients of heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) direct cell behavior in living systems. HBGFs bind electrostatically to gradients of HS proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix creating HBGF gradients. We recreated HBGF gradients in physiological hyaluronate-based hydrogels using a 3D-printed multichannel gradient maker device (MGMD) that created gradients of HS proteoglycan-derived perlecan/HSPG2 domain I. We demonstrated the ability of a variety of cells, including primary salivary stem/progenitor cells, pre-osteoblastic cells and an invasive breast cancer cell line, to be co-encapsulated in gradient hydrogels by flowing them together through the MGMD. The versatile device and the ability to create HBGF gradients in hydrogels for a variety of applications is innovative and of broad utility in both cancer biology and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea M Hubka
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Daniel D Carson
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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41
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Seo YJ, Lilliu MA, Abu Elghanam G, Nguyen TT, Liu Y, Lee JC, Presley JF, Zeitouni A, El-Hakim M, Tran SD. Cell culture of differentiated human salivary epithelial cells in a serum-free and scalable suspension system: The salivary functional units model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1559-1570. [PMID: 31151134 DOI: 10.1002/term.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva aids in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity against dental caries and oropharyngeal infections. Reduced salivary secretion, below an adequate level to sustain normal oral functions, is unfortunately experienced by head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and by patients with Sjögren's syndrome. No disease-modifying therapies exist to date to address salivary gland hypofunction (xerostomia, dry mouth) because pharmacotherapies are limited by the need for residual secretory acinar cells, which are lost at the time of diagnosis, whereas novel platforms such as cell therapies are yet immature for clinical applications. Autologous salivary gland primary cells have clinical utility as personalized cell therapies, if they could be cultured to a therapeutically useful mass while maintaining their in vivo phenotype. Here, we devised a serum-free scalable suspension culture system that grows partially digested human salivary tissue filtrates composing of acinar and ductal cells attached to their native extracellular matrix components while retaining their 3D in vivo spatial organization; we have coined these salivary spheroids as salivary functional units (SFU). The proposed SFU culture system was sub-optimal, but we have found that the cells could still survive and grow into larger salivary spheroids through cell proliferation and aggregation for 5 to 10 days within the oxygen diffusion rates in vitro. In summary, by using a less disruptive cell isolation procedure as the starting point for primary cell culture of human salivary epithelial cells, we demonstrated that aggregates of cells remained proliferative and continued to express acinar and ductal cell-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Seo
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Alberta Lilliu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ghada Abu Elghanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Thomas T Nguyen
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of periodontics, School of dentistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jin Choon Lee
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anthony Zeitouni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel El-Hakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Sanguinet EDO, Siqueira NM, Menezes FDC, Rasia GM, Lothhammer N, Soares RMD, Meirelles FV, Bressan FF, Bos-Mikich A. Interaction of fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells with poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogel substrates. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:857-867. [PMID: 31251451 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a promising means of creating custom-tailored cell lines for cellular therapies. Their application in regenerative medicine, however, depends on the possibility that the maintenance and differentiation of cells and organs occur under defined conditions. One major component of stem cell culture systems is the substrate, where the cells must attach and proliferate. The present study aimed to investigate the putative cytotoxic effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based matrices on the in vitro culture of mouse fetal fibroblasts. In addition, the PVA-based hydrogels were used to determine the capacity of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) to adhere and proliferate on synthetic substrates. Our results show that both cell types interacted with the substrate and presented proliferation during culture. The biPSCs formed new colonies when cell suspensions were placed onto the hydrogel surface for culture. These results may represent a new characterized xeno-free clinical grade culture system to be widely applied in cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de O Sanguinet
- Department of Morphological Sciences, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nataly M Siqueira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe de C Menezes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele M Rasia
- Post-Graduate Program of Materials Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nívia Lothhammer
- Department of Morphological Sciences, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosane M D Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana F Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bos-Mikich
- Department of Morphological Sciences, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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43
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Weng PL, Aure MH, Ovitt CE. Concise Review: A Critical Evaluation of Criteria Used to Define Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1144-1150. [PMID: 31175700 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the effort to develop cell-based therapies to treat salivary gland dysfunction, many different populations of cells in the adult salivary glands have been proposed as stem cells. These cell populations vary, depending on the assay used, and are often nonoverlapping, leading to the conclusion that salivary glands harbor multiple stem cells. The goal of this review is to critically appraise the assays and properties used to identify stem cells in the adult salivary gland, and to consider the caveats of each. Re-evaluation of the defining criteria may help to reconcile the many potential stem cell populations described in the salivary gland, in order to increase comparability between studies and build consensus in the field. Stem Cells 2019;37:1144-1150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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44
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Ferreira JN, Hasan R, Urkasemsin G, Ng KK, Adine C, Muthumariappan S, Souza GR. A magnetic three-dimensional levitated primary cell culture system for the development of secretory salivary gland-like organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:495-508. [PMID: 30666813 DOI: 10.1002/term.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction and oral dryness can be induced by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers or autoimmune disorders. These are common clinical conditions that involve loss of saliva-secreting epithelial cells. Several oral complications arise with SG hypofunction that interfere with routine daily activities such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Hence, there is a need for replacing these saliva-secreting cells. Recently, researchers have proposed to repair SG hypofunction via various cell-based approaches in three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based systems. However, majority of the scaffolds used cannot be translated clinically due to the presence of non-human-based substrates. Herein, saliva-secreting organoids/mini-glands were developed using a new scaffold/substrate-free culture system named magnetic 3D levitation (M3DL), which assembles and levitates magnetized primary SG-derived cells (SGDCs), allowing them to produce their own extracellular matrices. Primary SGDCs were assembled in M3DL to generate SG-like organoids in well-established SG epithelial differentiation conditions for 7 days. After such culture time, these organoids consistently presented uniform spheres with greater cell viability and pro-mitotic cells, when compared with conventional salisphere cultures. Additionally, organoids formed by M3DL expressed SG-specific markers from different cellular compartments: acinar epithelial including adherens junctions (NKCC1, cholinergic muscarinic receptor type 3, E-cadherin, and EpCAM); ductal epithelial and myoepithelial (cytokeratin 14 and α-smooth muscle actin); and neuronal (β3-tubulin and vesicular acetylcholine transferase). Lastly, intracellular calcium and α-amylase activity assays showed functional organoids with SG-specific secretory activity upon cholinergic stimulation. Thus, the functional organoid produced herein indicate that this M3DL system can be a promising tool to generate SG-like mini-glands for SG secretory repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao N Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Excellence Centre in Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Riasat Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ganokon Urkasemsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kiaw K Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christabella Adine
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujatha Muthumariappan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glauco R Souza
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Nano3D Biosciences Inc., Houston, TX, USA
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45
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Yamazaki T, Taniguchi H, Tsuji S, Sato S, Kenmotsu T, Yoshikawa K, Sadakane K. Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold. J Vis Exp 2018:57815. [PMID: 30417883 PMCID: PMC6235610 DOI: 10.3791/57815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer several advantages for the treatment of intractable diseases, and several studies have demonstrated the importance of 3-dimensional (3D) cellular assemblies in these fields. Artificial scaffolds have often been used to construct 3D cellular assemblies. However, the scaffolds used to construct cellular assemblies are sometimes toxic and may change the properties of the cells. Thus, it would be beneficial to establish a non-toxic method for facilitating cell-cell contact. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for constructing stable cellular assemblies by using optical tweezers with dextran. One of the advantages of this method is that it establishes stable cell-to-cell contact within a few minutes. This new method allows the construction of 3D cellular assemblies in a natural hydrophilic polymer and is expected to be useful for constructing next-generation 3D single-cell assemblies in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Shoto Tsuji
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
| | - Shiho Sato
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
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46
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Neglected Functions of TFCP2/TFCP2L1/UBP1 Transcription Factors May Offer Valuable Insights into Their Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102852. [PMID: 30241344 PMCID: PMC6213935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the TFCP2 (transcription factor cellular promoter 2)/TFCP2L1 (TFCP2-like 1)/UBP1 (upstream binding protein 1) subfamily of transcription factors has been attracting increasing attention in the scientific community. These factors are very important in cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and other human conditions, and they can be attractive targets for drug development. However, the interpretation of experimental results is complicated, as in principle, any of these factors could substitute for the lack of another. Thus, studying their hitherto little known functions should enhance our understanding of mechanisms of their functioning, and analogous mechanisms might govern their functioning in medically relevant contexts. For example, there are numerous parallels between placental development and cancer growth; therefore, investigating the roles of TFCP2, TFCP2L1, and UBP1 in the placenta may help us better understand their functioning in cancer, as is evidenced by the studies of various other proteins and pathways. Our review article aims to call the attention of the scientific community to these neglected functions, and encourage further research in this field. Here, we present a systematic review of current knowledge of the TFCP2/TFCP2L1/UBP1 subfamily in reproduction, embryonic development, renal function, blood-pressure regulation, brain function, and other processes, where their involvement has not been studied much until now.
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47
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Rahman SU, Nagrath M, Ponnusamy S, Arany PR. Nanoscale and Macroscale Scaffolds with Controlled-Release Polymeric Systems for Dental Craniomaxillofacial Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1478. [PMID: 30127246 PMCID: PMC6120038 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in stem cell biology has resulted in a major current focus on effective modalities to promote directed cellular behavior for clinical therapy. The fundamental principles of tissue engineering are aimed at providing soluble and insoluble biological cues to promote these directed biological responses. Better understanding of extracellular matrix functions is ensuring optimal adhesive substrates to promote cell mobility and a suitable physical niche to direct stem cell responses. Further, appreciation of the roles of matrix constituents as morphogen cues, termed matrikines or matricryptins, are also now being directly exploited in biomaterial design. These insoluble topological cues can be presented at both micro- and nanoscales with specific fabrication techniques. Progress in development and molecular biology has described key roles for a range of biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to serve as morphogens promoting directed behavior in stem cells. Controlled-release systems involving encapsulation of bioactive agents within polymeric carriers are enabling utilization of soluble cues. Using our efforts at dental craniofacial tissue engineering, this narrative review focuses on outlining specific biomaterial fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, gas foaming, and 3D printing used in combination with polymeric nano- or microspheres. These avenues are providing unprecedented therapeutic opportunities for precision bioengineering for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ur Rahman
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Malvika Nagrath
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Sasikumar Ponnusamy
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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48
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the culture of primary human cells from the salivary glands, typically parotid but also submandibular, where specialized acinar cells produce most of the components found in saliva and the intercalated ducts followed by striated ducts transport saliva to the oral cavity. Compared to many other epithelial cells, the zymogen-filled salivary acinar cells are very fragile, hence specialized techniques are needed to isolate and culture them. To reestablish the function of implantable 3D reassembled glands using tissue engineering approaches, it is critical to culture these cells in human-based matrices that permit them to move, reassemble, interconnect, and establish proper polarity by producing a basement membrane. Our team is working to develop a biologically based, implantable salivary gland replacement tissue for head and neck cancer patients suffering from post-radiation xerostomia using a "bottom up" reassembly paradigm. We use specialized extracellular matrix and growth factor supplemented hyaluronate hydrogels to promote reassembly of human salivary stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) isolated after surgical resection, a method we describe in this chapter. Cell-specific biomarkers are used to track the formation of the three major epithelial cell types comprising the salivary gland: acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial.
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49
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Zhang S, Ma X, Guo J, Yao K, Wang C, Dong Z, Zhu H, Fan F, Huang Z, Yang X, Qian J, Zou Y, Sun A, Ge J. Bone marrow CD34 + cell subset under induction of moderate stiffness of extracellular matrix after myocardial infarction facilitated endothelial lineage commitment in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 29237495 PMCID: PMC5729449 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) and the transplanted cell type are vitally important in promoting angiogenesis. However, the combined effect of the two factors remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate in vitro the combined effect of myocardial ECM stiffness postinfarction with a bone marrow-derived cell subset expressing or not expressing CD34 on endothelial lineage commitment. METHODS Myocardial stiffness of the infarct zone was determined in mice at 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after coronary artery ligation. Polyacrylamide (PA) gel substrates of different stiffnesses were prepared to mechanically mimic the myocardial ECM after infarction. Mouse bone marrow-derived CD34+ and CD34- cells were seeded on the flexible PA gels. The double-positive expression for DiI-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (FITC-UEA-1) binding, the endothelial lineage antigens CD31, von Willebrand factor (vWF), Flk-1, and VE-cadherin, as well as cytoskeleton were measured by immunofluorescent staining on day 7. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by both immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry at 24 h after culture. RESULTS We found that the numbers of the CD34+ cell subset adherent to the flexible substrates (4-72 kPa) was much larger than that of the CD34- subset. More double-positive cells for DiI-acLDL uptake/FITC-UEA-1 binding were seen on the 42-kPa (moderately stiff) substrate, corresponding to the stiffness of myocardial ECM at 7-14 days postinfarction, compared with those on substrates of other stiffnesses. Similarly, the moderately stiff substrate showed benefits in promoting the positive expressions of the endothelial lineage markers CD31, vWF, Flk-1, and VE-cadherin. In addition, the cytoskeleton F-actin network within CD34+ cells was organized more significantly at the leading edge of the adherent cells on the moderately stiff (42 kPa) or stiff (72 kPa) substrates as compared with those on the soft (4 kPa and 15 kPa) substrates. Moreover, the moderately stiff or stiff substrates showed a lower percentage of cell apoptosis than the soft substrates. CONCLUSIONS Infarcted myocardium-like ECM of moderate stiffness (42 kPa) more beneficially regulated the endothelial lineage commitment of a bone marrow-derived CD34+ subset. Thus, the combination of a CD34+ subset with a "suitable" ECM stiffness might be an optimized strategy for cell-based cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ozdemir T, Srinivasan PP, Zakheim DR, Harrington DA, Witt RL, Farach-Carson MC, Jia X, Pradhan-Bhatt S. Bottom-up assembly of salivary gland microtissues for assessing myoepithelial cell function. Biomaterials 2017; 142:124-135. [PMID: 28734180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells are flat, stellate cells present in exocrine tissues including the salivary glands. While myoepithelial cells have been studied extensively in mammary and lacrimal gland tissues, less is known of the function of myoepithelial cells derived from human salivary glands. Several groups have isolated tumorigenic myoepithelial cells from cancer specimens, however, only one report has demonstrated isolation of normal human salivary myoepithelial cells needed for use in salivary gland tissue engineering applications. Establishing a functional organoid model consisting of myoepithelial and secretory acinar cells is therefore necessary for understanding the coordinated action of these two cell types in unidirectional fluid secretion. Here, we developed a bottom-up approach for generating salivary gland microtissues using primary human salivary myoepithelial cells (hSMECs) and stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) isolated from normal salivary gland tissues. Phenotypic characterization of isolated hSMECs confirmed that a myoepithelial cell phenotype consistent with that from other exocrine tissues was maintained over multiple passages of culture. Additionally, hSMECs secreted basement membrane proteins, expressed adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter receptors, and released intracellular calcium [Ca2+i] in response to parasympathetic agonists. In a collagen I contractility assay, activation of contractile machinery was observed in isolated hSMECs treated with parasympathetic agonists. Recombination of hSMECs with assembled hS/PC spheroids in a microwell system was used to create microtissues resembling secretory complexes of the salivary gland. We conclude that the engineered salivary gland microtissue complexes provide a physiologically relevant model for both mechanistic studies and as a building block for the successful engineering of the salivary gland for restoration of salivary function in patients suffering from hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Padma Pradeepa Srinivasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel R Zakheim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Swati Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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