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Rocchi C, Martel A. [Current status of French oculoplastics in France and in Europe]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:1232-1243. [PMID: 37845142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2023, oculoplastics in France is experiencing a paradox with an imbalance between demand and supply of trainees. The goal of this study is to establish a factual overview of oculoplastics in France, with its limitations, and make proposals to optimize this sector. METHODS An observational study was conducted by compiling epidemiological data related to oculoplastics. This included full-time hospital practitioners (HPs) in French university hospitals (FUH), data from the distributed computerized system for health assessment (SIDES), the specialized cross-disciplinary training (FST) in oculoplastics, the interuniversity diploma (DIU) in oculoplastics, the French University Ophthalmologists College (COUF), and the French Society of Reconstructive and Aesthetic Ophthalmology (SOPREF). RESULTS Of the 32 FUH, only 11 full-time HPs (among them 5 academic) are specialized in oculoplastics. Several "priority" regions are underrepresented in oculoplastic surgeons. The number of ophthalmology residency coordinators and residents participating in the oculoplastics FST are decreasing over time and favoring other subspecialties. On the SIDES platform dedicated to residents, 26 (11.5%) of the 226 courses are devoted to oculoplastics. The role of women in oculoplastics is also discussed. CONCLUSION Despite offering quality theoretical training, the future of French oculoplastics is clouded by a lack of practical training. Corrective measures include increasing oculoplastic surgeons in the FUH, developing private practice fellowships, prioritizing residents from "priority" regions for the oculoplastics DIU, optimizing the inter-CHU network, creating innovative teaching resources, and organizing specific congresses for the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocchi
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Martel
- University Hospital of Nice, 30 voie romaine, 06000 Nice, France.
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McKendrick JG, Jones GR, Elder SS, Watson E, T'Jonck W, Mercer E, Magalhaes MS, Rocchi C, Hegarty LM, Johnson AL, Schneider C, Becher B, Pridans C, Mabbott N, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Bajenoff M, Gentek R, Bain CC, Emmerson E. CSF1R-dependent macrophages in the salivary gland are essential for epithelial regeneration after radiation-induced injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4374. [PMID: 37922341 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands often become damaged in individuals receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in chronic dry mouth. This leads to detrimental effects on their health and quality of life, for which there is no regenerative therapy. Macrophages are the predominant immune cell in the salivary glands and are attractive therapeutic targets due to their unrivaled capacity to drive tissue repair. Yet, the nature and role of macrophages in salivary gland homeostasis and how they may contribute to tissue repair after injury are not well understood. Here, we show that at least two phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct CX3CR1+ macrophage populations are present in the adult salivary gland, which occupy anatomically distinct niches. CD11c+CD206-CD163- macrophages typically associate with gland epithelium, whereas CD11c-CD206+CD163+ macrophages associate with blood vessels and nerves. Using a suite of complementary fate mapping systems, we show that there are highly dynamic changes in the ontogeny and composition of salivary gland macrophages with age. Using an in vivo model of radiation-induced salivary gland injury combined with genetic or antibody-mediated depletion of macrophages, we demonstrate an essential role for macrophages in clearance of cells with DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that epithelial-associated macrophages are indispensable for effective tissue repair and gland function after radiation-induced injury, with their depletion resulting in reduced saliva production. Our data, therefore, provide a strong case for exploring the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophages to promote tissue repair and thus minimize salivary gland dysfunction after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sonia S Elder
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Erin Watson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wouter T'Jonck
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ella Mercer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marlene S Magalhaes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lizi M Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Amanda L Johnson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neil Mabbott
- Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, INSERM, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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Guaraldi P, Rocchi C, Cani I, Gagliardi C, Longhi S, Baschieri F, Rinaldi R, Frezza E, D'Angelo R, Barletta G, Calandra-Buonaura G, Galiè N, Massa R, Cortelli P. Cardiovascular reflex tests detect autonomic dysfunction in symptomatic and pre-symptomatic subjects with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Clin Auton Res 2023; 33:15-22. [PMID: 36625973 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autonomic dysfunction is a distinctive but undervalued feature of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). It may predate the onset of polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy, thereby providing crucial prognostic and therapeutic information. The objective of this study was to assess autonomic function by means of the standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CRTs) in a cohort of subjects with genetically proven ATTRv from non-endemic areas who were in the symptomatic and pre-symptomatic stages. METHODS All subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study had genetically proven ATTRv. They underwent the head-up tilt test, Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing test, cold face test and handgrip test while under continuous blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. Based on the results of the nerve conduction study, the subjects were divided into two groups: those with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-wPN) and those without polyneuropathy (ATTRv-woPN). Age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were used for comparison. RESULTS Thirty-seven ATTRv subjects (19 with ATTRv-wPN, 18 with ATTRv-woPN) and 41 HC performed the CRTs. Of these 37 subjects with ATTRv, four (11%) presented neurogenic orthostatic hypotension the during head-up tilt test. Based on the results of the CRTs, autonomic dysfunction characterized by either sympathetic or parasympathetic impairment was detected in 37% and 63% of ATTRv-wPN subjects, respectively. Subjects with ATTRv-woPN presented a significant impairment of autonomic responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre compared to the HC (overshoot p = 0.004; Valsalva ratio p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Autonomic dysfunctions are frequent in subjects with ATTRv when investigated by means of standardized CRTs, and are also relevant in the pre-symptomatic stage. Cardiovagal functions are the primary functions affected, among others. This may be crucial in defining the proper diagnostic workout for early diagnosis and improving the likelihood of providing the patient with prompt administration of disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guaraldi
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - C Rocchi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - I Cani
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- UO Cardiologia, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- UO Cardiologia, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Baschieri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Rinaldi
- UOC Clinica Neurologica Rete Metropolitana NEUROMET IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Frezza
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R D'Angelo
- UOC Clinica Neurologica Rete Metropolitana NEUROMET IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Barletta
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Calandra-Buonaura
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Galiè
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- UO Cardiologia, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Massa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bramato V, Rocchi C, Conti M, Liguori C, Pagano A, Castelli A, Manfredi N, Mari L, Ermini R, Spanetta M, Lauretti B, Izzi F, Placidi F. Cardiovascular autonomic function in chronic insomnia assessed by cardiovascular reflexes. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Castelli A, Rocchi C, Manfredi N, Mari L, Pagano A, Bramato V, Liguori C, Mercuri N, Placidi F, Izzi F. Sudomotor dysfunction in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the effects of CPAP treatment. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rocchi C, Louvat C, Miele AE, Batisse J, Guillon C, Ballut L, Lener D, Negroni M, Ruff M, Gouet P, Fiorini F. The HIV-1 Integrase C-Terminal Domain Induces TAR RNA Structural Changes Promoting Tat Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13742. [PMID: 36430221 PMCID: PMC9692563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the HIV-1 Integrase (IN) binds the viral genomic RNA (gRNA), playing a critical role in the morphogenesis of the viral particle and in the stability of the gRNA once in the host cell. By combining biophysical, molecular biology, and biochemical approaches, we found that the 18-residues flexible C-terminal tail of IN acts as a sensor of the peculiar apical structure of the trans-activation response element RNA (TAR), interacting with its hexaloop. We show that the binding of the whole IN C-terminal domain modifies TAR structure, exposing critical nucleotides. These modifications favour the subsequent binding of the HIV transcriptional trans-activator Tat to TAR, finally displacing IN from TAR. Based on these results, we propose that IN assists the binding of Tat to TAR RNA. This working model provides a mechanistic sketch accounting for the emerging role of IN in the early stages of proviral transcription and could help in the design of anti-HIV-1 therapeutics against this new target of the viral infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Camille Louvat
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR 5280 CNRS UCBL University of Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Batisse
- Chromatin Stability and DNA Mobility, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104—Inserm U 158, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Guillon
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Ballut
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Daniela Lener
- RNA Architecture and Reactivity, IBMC, CNRS, UPR 9002, University of Strasbourg, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matteo Negroni
- RNA Architecture and Reactivity, IBMC, CNRS, UPR 9002, University of Strasbourg, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Ruff
- Chromatin Stability and DNA Mobility, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR 7104—Inserm U 158, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Patrice Gouet
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Fiorini
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, MMSB-IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS, University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
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Rocchi C, Gouet P, Parissi V, Fiorini F. The C-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Integrase: A Swiss Army Knife for the Virus? Viruses 2022; 14:v14071397. [PMID: 35891378 PMCID: PMC9316232 DOI: 10.3390/v14071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral integrase is a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the integration of reverse-transcribed viral DNA into the cellular genome. Beyond integration, the Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase is also involved in many other steps of the viral life cycle, such as reverse transcription, nuclear import, virion morphogenesis and proviral transcription. All these additional functions seem to depend on the action of the integrase C-terminal domain (CTD) that works as a molecular hub, interacting with many different viral and cellular partners. In this review, we discuss structural issues concerning the CTD, with particular attention paid to its interaction with nucleic acids. We also provide a detailed map of post-translational modifications and interaction with molecular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), CNRS, University of Lyon 1, UMR 5086, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Patrice Gouet
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), CNRS, University of Lyon 1, UMR 5086, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Vincent Parissi
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity (MFP), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR5234, 33405 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesca Fiorini
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), CNRS, University of Lyon 1, UMR 5086, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-72722624; Fax: +33-4-72722616
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Greco S, Bonsi B, Bella A, Fabbri N, Rocchi C, Bellio ME, Massoli L, Giaccari S, Gavioli M, Fazzin M, D'Urbano F, Rossin E, Feo CV, Parini S, Cavallesco GN, Passaro A. COVID-19: identifying the main outcome predictors. A retrospective cohort study in Northern Italy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:722-732. [PMID: 35113448 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need for efficient drugs and early treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developing COVID-19 symptoms is of primary importance in daily clinical practice and it is certainly among the most difficult medical challenges in the current century. Recognizing those patients who will need stronger clinical efforts could effectively help doctors anticipate the eventual need for intensification of care (IoC) and choose the best treatment in order to avoid worse outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 501 patients, consecutively admitted to our two COVID hospitals, and collected their clinical, anamnestic and laboratory data on admission. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify those data that are strictly associated with COVID-19 outcomes (IoC and in-hospital death) and that could somehow be intended as predictors of these outcomes. This allowed us to provide a "sketch" of the patient who undergoes, more often than others, an intensification of care and/or in-hospital death. RESULTS Males were found to have a double risk of needing an IoC (OR=2.11) and a significant role was played by both the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission (OR=0.99) and serum LDH (OR=1.01). The main predictors of in-hospital death were age (OR=1.08) and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission (OR=0.99). CONCLUSIONS Male patients with high serum LDH on admission are those who undergo more often an intensification of care among COVID-19 inpatients. Both age and respiratory performances on admission modify the prognosis within the hospitalization period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Rocchi C, Cinat D, Serrano Martinez P, Bruin ALJD, Baanstra M, Brouwer U, Del Angel Zuivre C, Schepers H, van Os R, Barazzuol L, Coppes RP. The Hippo signaling pathway effector YAP promotes salivary gland regeneration after injury. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabk0599. [PMID: 34874744 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abk0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Anne L Jellema-de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Uilke Brouwer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Cinthya Del Angel Zuivre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Os
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
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10
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Orhon I, Rocchi C, Villarejo-Zori B, Serrano Martinez P, Baanstra M, Brouwer U, Boya P, Coppes R, Reggiori F. Autophagy induction during stem cell activation plays a key role in salivary gland self-renewal. Autophagy 2021; 18:293-308. [PMID: 34009100 PMCID: PMC8942426 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1924036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively quiescent tissues like salivary glands (SGs) respond to stimuli such as injury to expand, replace and regenerate. Resident stem/progenitor cells are key in this process because, upon activation, they possess the ability to self-renew. Macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to and regulates differentiation in adult tissues, but an important question is whether this pathway promotes stem cell self-renewal in tissues. We took advantage of a 3D organoid system that allows assessing the self-renewal of mouse SGs stem cells (SGSCs). We found that autophagy in dormant SGSCs has slower flux than self-renewing SGSCs. Importantly, autophagy enhancement upon SGSCs activation is a self-renewal feature in 3D organoid cultures and SGs regenerating in vivo. Accordingly, autophagy ablation in SGSCs inhibits self-renewal whereas pharmacological stimulation promotes self-renewal of mouse and human SGSCs. Thus, autophagy is a key pathway for self-renewal activation in low proliferative adult tissues, and its pharmacological manipulation has the potential to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Orhon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uilke Brouwer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rob Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Dysfunction of the salivary gland and irreversible hyposalivation are the main side effects of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer leading to a drastic decrease of the quality of life of the patients. Approaches aimed at regenerating damaged salivary glands have been proposed as means to provide long-term restoration of tissue function in the affected patients. In studies to elucidate salivary gland regenerative mechanisms, more and more evidence suggests that salivary gland stem/progenitor cell behavior, like many other adult tissues, does not follow that of the hard-wired professional stem cells of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we provide evidence showing that several cell types within the salivary gland epithelium can serve as stem/progenitor-like cells. While these cell populations seem to function mostly as lineage-restricted progenitors during homeostasis, we indicate that upon damage specific plasticity mechanisms might be activated to take part in regeneration of the tissue. In light of these insights, we provide an overview of how recent developments in the adult stem cell research field are changing our thinking of the definition of salivary gland stem cells and their potential plasticity upon damage. These new perspectives may have important implications on the development of new therapeutic approaches to rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Rocchi C, Emmerson E. Mouth-Watering Results: Clinical Need, Current Approaches, and Future Directions for Salivary Gland Regeneration. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:649-669. [PMID: 32371171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Permanent damage to the salivary glands and resulting hyposalivation and xerostomia have a substantial impact on patient health, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Currently, patients rely on lifelong treatments that alleviate the symptoms, but no long-term restorative solutions exist. Recent advances in adult stem cell enrichment and transplantation, bioengineering, and gene transfer have proved successful in rescuing salivary gland function in a number of animal models that reflect human diseases and that result in hyposalivation and xerostomia. By overcoming the limitations of stem cell transplants and better understanding the mechanisms of cellular plasticity in the adult salivary gland, such studies provide encouraging evidence that a regenerative strategy for patients will be available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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13
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Mauthe M, Orhon I, Rocchi C, Zhou X, Luhr M, Hijlkema KJ, Coppes RP, Engedal N, Mari M, Reggiori F. Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 2018; 14:1435-1455. [PMID: 29940786 PMCID: PMC6103682 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1474314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1157] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved transport pathway where targeted structures are sequestered by phagophores, which mature into autophagosomes, and then delivered into lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases and its modulation is beneficial for the outcome of numerous specific diseases. Several lysosomal inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), protease inhibitors and chloroquine (CQ), have been used interchangeably to block autophagy in in vitro experiments assuming that they all primarily block lysosomal degradation. Among them, only CQ and its derivate hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are FDA-approved drugs and are thus currently the principal compounds used in clinical trials aimed to treat tumors through autophagy inhibition. However, the precise mechanism of how CQ blocks autophagy remains to be firmly demonstrated. In this study, we focus on how CQ inhibits autophagy and directly compare its effects to those of BafA1. We show that CQ mainly inhibits autophagy by impairing autophagosome fusion with lysosomes rather than by affecting the acidity and/or degradative activity of this organelle. Furthermore, CQ induces an autophagy-independent severe disorganization of the Golgi and endo-lysosomal systems, which might contribute to the fusion impairment. Strikingly, HCQ-treated mice also show a Golgi disorganization in kidney and intestinal tissues. Altogether, our data reveal that CQ and HCQ are not bona fide surrogates for other types of late stage lysosomal inhibitors for in vivo experiments. Moreover, the multiple cellular alterations caused by CQ and HCQ call for caution when interpreting results obtained by blocking autophagy with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauthe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Idil Orhon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xingdong Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Morten Luhr
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerst-Jan Hijlkema
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Brusa L, Rocchi C, Ponzo V, Stanzione P, Finazzi E, Attanasio A. Is there a correlation between urological and cardiovascular dysfunction in Parkinson's disease? Funct Neurol 2018; 33:225-228. [PMID: 30663970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that non-motor symptoms are a core feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). A dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system seems to be present in PD, supporting the coexistence of urological and cardiovascular non-motor features. We evaluated whether bladder dysfunctions in patients with PD are linked to blood pressure dysregulation. Twenty-eight mild PD patients, previously submitted to a urodynamic evaluation, underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring to allow assessment of their circadian blood pressure profile; the occurrence of postprandial hypotension and orthostatic hypotension was also investigated. No significant differences in blood pressure control were detected between bladder hyperreflexic and normoreflexic subjects. Our findings support different origins of urological and cardiovascular impairments in PD.
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15
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Dore MP, Pes GM, Marras G, Soro S, Rocchi C, Loria MF, Bassotti G. Risk factors associated with colonic diverticulosis among patients from a defined geographic area. Tech Coloproctol 2015; 20:177-83. [PMID: 26568053 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-015-1401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few data regarding colonic diverticulosis are available in Italy. We examined the frequency of colonic diverticulosis and its associations with risk factors in a homogeneous Northern Sardinian population undergoing colonoscopy for any reason in the last decades. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center study. Medical records of patients undergoing colonoscopy for any indication between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Demographic information including age, gender, geographic area (urban, rural), marital status, smoking habit, occupation, body mass index, and comorbidities were collected. Presence, number, and extension of diverticula were assessed by colonoscopy. The diagnosis of diverticulosis was defined by the presence of more than five diverticula. RESULTS A total of 4458 records were collected (39.8 % males). Analysis by birth cohorts showed a significant progressive age-related increase in the prevalence of diverticulosis. The average prevalence was 18.9 % without significant variation across the 19-year observation period. In 101 (12.1 %) subjects diverticula were single or few. Seventy-one percent of diverticula were located predominantly in the left side, 2 % in the right side, and 14.3 % were spread throughout the colon. There was a significant association with obesity but not with smoking habits, marital status, or urban versus rural environment. A strong association was observed between the presence of diverticulosis and cardiovascular and other gastrointestinal and lung disease (p < 0.0001). These associations were also confirmed by the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this endoscopic study, colonic diverticulosis in Northern Sardinia showed prevalence similar to other series in Western countries, and it was predominantly left sided and age related.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G M Pes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Marras
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - S Soro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - C Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M F Loria
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06156, San Sisto, Perugia, Italy.
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Nanduri LSY, Baanstra M, Faber H, Rocchi C, Zwart E, de Haan G, van Os R, Coppes RP. Purification and ex vivo expansion of fully functional salivary gland stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:957-64. [PMID: 25448065 PMCID: PMC4264052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation often leads to irreversible and untreatable xerostomia. Salivary gland (SG) stem cell therapy is an attractive putative option to salvage these patients but is impeded by the limited availability of adult human tissue. Here, using murine SG cells, we demonstrate single-cell self-renewal, differentiation, enrichment of SG stem cells, and robust in vitro expansion. Dependent on stem cell marker expression, SG sphere-derived single cells could be differentiated in vitro into distinct lobular or ductal/lobular organoids, suggestive of progenitor or stem cell potency. Expanded cells were able to form miniglands/organoids containing multiple SG cell lineages. Expansion of these multipotent cells through serial passaging resulted in selection of a cell population, homogenous for stem cell marker expression (CD24hi/CD29hi). Cells highly expressing CD24 and CD29 could be prospectively isolated and were able to efficiently restore radiation-damaged SG function. Our approach will facilitate the use of adult SG stem cells for a variety of scientific and therapeutic purposes. Single-cell-based in vitro self-renewal and differentiation of salivary gland stem cells Functional rescue of hyposalivation with in vitro expanded salivary gland stem cells Single-cell-derived organoids that contain salivary gland cell types
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha S Y Nanduri
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hette Faber
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Zwart
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Building 3226, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Building 3226, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Os
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Building 3226, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Rossi S, Rocchi C, Studer V, Motta C, Lauretti B, Germani G, Macchiarulo G, Marfia GA, Centonze D. The autonomic balance predicts cardiac responses after the first dose of fingolimod. Mult Scler 2014; 21:206-16. [PMID: 24957049 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514538885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive markers of cardiac side effects would be helpful for the stratification and individualized monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients prescribed with fingolimod. OBJECTIVE To test whether the autonomic balance predicts a cardiac response after the first dose of fingolimod. METHODS A total of 55 consecutive relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients underwent 'head-up tilt', Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing and handgrip tests before their first dose of fingolimod. The normalized unit of the high frequency (HF) component (HF normalized units; HFnu), reflecting mostly vagal activity; and the low frequency (LF) component (LF normalized units; LFnu) reflecting mostly sympathetic activity, were considered for the analysis of heart rate (HR) variability. The patients' HR and electrocardiographic parameters ((the interval between P wave and ventricular depolarization (PR); the interval between Q and T waves (QT)) were recorded during 6-hour post-dose monitoring. RESULTS We found significant correlations between measures of parasympathetic function and fingolimod-induced bradycardia. Subjects with higher Valsalva ratio and HR variation during deep breathing had, in fact, nadir HR ≤ 50 beats/minute (bpm) after the first fingolimod dose. Conversely, significant negative correlations were found between measures of sympathetic function and fingolimod-induced PR interval increase. Subjects with lower LFnu at rest and less increase of blood pressure on the handgrip test showed a PR interval increase > 20 ms after fingolimod. CONCLUSIONS Assessing autonomic control of cardiovascular functions can be useful to predict cardiac effects after the first fingolimod dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - C Rocchi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V Studer
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - C Motta
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - B Lauretti
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Germani
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - G Macchiarulo
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - G A Marfia
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
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Mataluni G, Rossi S, Rocchi C, Mangiardi M, Marfia G. P484: Epidemiology and potential prognostic factors in Guillain-Barré syndrome: ten years experience of “Policlinico Tor Vergata”. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rossi S, Motta C, Studer V, Rocchi C, Macchiarulo G, Barbieri F, Marfia GA, Furlan R, Martino G, Mancino R, Centonze D. Interleukin-8 is associated with acute and persistent dysfunction after optic neuritis. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1841-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458514537365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Acute optic neuritis is often in association with multiple sclerosis (MS). Proinflammatory cytokines trigger neuronal damage in neuroinflammatory disorders but their role in optic neuritis is poorly investigated. Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate the associations of intrathecal contents of proinflammatory cytokines with transient and persistent dysfunctions after optic neuritis. Methods: In 50 MS patients followed for up to six months, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IL-1β, TNF and IL-8 were determined, along with clinical, neurophysiological and morphological measures of optic neuritis severity. Results: Visual impairment, measured by high- and low-contrast visual acuity, and delayed visual-evoked potential (VEP) latencies were significantly correlated to IL-8 levels during optic neuritis. IL-8 at the time of optic neuritis was also associated with persistent demyelination and final axonal loss, inferred by VEP and optical coherence tomography measures, respectively. Contents of IL-8 were correlated to functional visual outcomes, being higher among patients with incomplete recovery. Multivariate analysis confirmed that IL-8 significantly predicted final visual acuity, at equal values of demographics and baseline visual scores. Conclusion: Our study points to IL-8 as the main inflammatory cytokine associated with demyelination and secondary neurodegeneration in the optic nerve after optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
| | - C Motta
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
| | - V Studer
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
| | - C Rocchi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - G Macchiarulo
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
| | - F Barbieri
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
| | - GA Marfia
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - R Furlan
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - G Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - R Mancino
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - D Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Italy/Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Italy
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21
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Orlacchio A, Patrono C, Gaudiello F, Rocchi C, Moschella V, Floris R, Bernardi G, Kawarai T. Silver syndrome variant of hereditary spastic paraplegia: A locus to 4p and allelism with SPG4. Neurology 2008; 70:1959-66. [PMID: 18401025 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000294330.27058.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a clinical and genetic study of two large Italian families (RM-36 and RM-51) showing the cardinal clinical features of Silver syndrome (SS), a rare dominantly inherited form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) complicated by amyotrophy of the small hand muscles. METHODS Clinical assessment including neurophysiologic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evaluations. Genetic studies included linkage and sequence analyses. RESULTS Using a genome-wide survey in the RM-36 family, a novel locus (SPG38) has been identified and mapped within the 13.1-cM region on chromosome 4p16-p15 between markers D4S432 and D4S1599. The RM-51 family was linked to the SPG4 locus at 2p21-p24 and sequence analysis of SPG4 showed a novel frameshift mutation p.Asp321GlyfsX6. Clinical examination of the affected members carrying the mutation showed high frequency of additional clinical features including decreased vibration sense, pes cavus, temporal lobe epilepsy, and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates evidence of a novel locus SPG38 for Silver syndrome (SS) and suggests that genetic defects in SPG4 might lead to broad clinical features overlapped with those of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, 64 Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome 00143, Italy.
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Pachatz C, Terracciano C, Desiato MT, Orlacchio A, Mori F, Rocchi C, Bernardi G, Massa R. Upper motor neuron involvement in X-linked recessive bulbospinal muscular atrophy. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 118:262-8. [PMID: 17137837 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinicopathological findings of X-linked recessive bulbospinal muscular atrophy (SBMA) are indicative of lower motor neuron and primary sensory neuron involvement. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of subclinical upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction in this disease. METHODS Two siblings with clinical presentation, routine electrophysiological tests, histopathological features of muscle and nerve biopsies and genetic testing consistent with diagnosis of SBMA underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The analysed parameters were motor evoked potential (MEP) threshold, silent period (SP) and central motor conduction time. Intracortical inhibition with paired pulses from 1 to 6ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was evaluated in the older brother. RESULTS MEP parameters were significantly altered in limb and cranial muscles and MEP suppression after paired stimulation significantly reduced in the older brother. MEP abnormalities were present in one lower limb, but SP abolished in all limbs, in the younger brother. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical involvement of UMNs may be present in patients affected by SBMA. This finding suggests that the array of neuronal systems whose function may be affected by the pathogenic process of SBMA is larger than it was considered so far. SIGNIFICANCE TMS is a sensitive diagnostic tool for the identification of UMN dysfunction and should be included in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pachatz
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE An increasing number of children are diagnosed with gallstones today. The best management of nonpigmented gallstones in children without hematologic disorders is not known. METHODS The authors prospectively studied 74 children with cholelithiasis diagnosed with ultrasonography. Clinical presentation, natural history, complications, and indications for cholecystectomy were examined. The follow-up (mean, 21 months) consisted of routine clinic visits, chart reviews, and telephone questionnaires with the children or their parents. RESULTS Of the 74 children, 33 required cholecystectomies, and 41 were followed. The average age was similar in the 2 groups (11.7 v 11.0 years). Children with risk factors for cholelithiasis required earlier surgical treatment (P < .001). In the operative group, 8 presented acutely and 25 electively. There were 2 complications, a wound infection and a retained common duct stone. In the group that underwent follow-up, 34 of 41 children remained asymptomatic or had symptoms improve with dietary manipulation. No complications developed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Children with gallstones and typical symptoms of right upper quadrant or epigastric pain with food intolerance should undergo cholecystectomy. Eighty-two percent of children with cholelithiasis and atypical symptoms had improvement with dietary manipulation. Pediatric patients with gallstones that are asymptomatic or associated with atypical symptoms can be safely followed without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Bruch
- University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
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Rocchi C, Sacchetti F. Radiative corrections to the Compton cross section. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:81-85. [PMID: 9977062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rocchi C, Sacchetti F. Radiative correction to x-ray scattering and its relevance in condensed-matter experiments. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:15283-15285. [PMID: 10005904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ranieri R, Rocchi C, Barbi S, Camaioni D, Bondoli A, Magalini SI. Concentrations of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid-free amino acids in hypercapnic coma and acute respiratory failure. Resuscitation 1980; 8:77-83. [PMID: 7444213 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(80)90008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A comparison between the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cases of hypercapnic coma and acute respiratory failure has been made. Hypotheses are formulated to interpret the observed changes in the cerebral metabolism of amino acids in these pathological conditions.
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Bondoli A, Scrascia E, Magalini SI, Barbi S, Rocchi C, Cavaliere F. Intravenous sodium lactate administration in respiratory alkalosis secondary to severe brain injuries. Resuscitation 1978; 6:279-84. [PMID: 755270 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(78)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In acute cerebrovascular accidents the uptake of lactate by the brain tissue is enhanced, possibly in an attempt to buffer the increased local lactic acidosis. In this paper the results obtained by the administration of the lactate in 78 cases of hyperventilatory syndromes secondary to acute brain injuries, and the biochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, are reported.
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Bondoli A, Magalini SI, Scrascia E, Ranieri R, Rocchi C, Camaioni D. A comparative study of free amino acids in coma of different aetiologies. Resuscitation 1975; 4:235-41. [PMID: 1232648 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(75)90028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of coma of different origins has been made. Hypotheses are put forward to explain the biochemical steps involved in cerebral metabolism of protein.
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Scrascia E, Bondoli A, Magalini SI, Pelosi G, Barbi S, Rocchi C. Free amino acids in plasma and erythrocytes during and after cardiopulmonary by-pass in open-heart surgery. Resuscitation 1975; 4:115-24. [PMID: 1197937 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(75)90072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes of free amino acids before, during and after cardiopulmonary by-pass have been determined. During by-pass and the early postoperative period the total alpha-amino nitrogen decreased, mainly because of changes in glucogenic amino acids; ketogenic amino acids, on the other hand, increased. The phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio was markedly increased in all cases.
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