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Shan H, Tian G, Zhang Y, Qiu Z. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SMAD4 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2392341. [PMID: 39164192 PMCID: PMC11340766 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2392341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the occurrence and development of CRC are influenced by the molecular biology characteristics of CRC, especially alterations in key signaling pathways. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, with SMAD4 protein serving as a key transcription factor in the TGF-β signaling pathway, thus playing a significant role in the onset and progression of CRC. CRC is one of the malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite significant research progress in recent years, especially regarding the role of SMAD4, its dual role in the early and late stages of tumor progression has promoted further discussion on its complexity as a therapeutic target, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper analysis of its role in CRC. This review aims to explore the function of SMAD4 protein in CRC and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyu Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Carvalho MI, Silva-Carvalho R, Prada J, Pinto C, Gregório H, Lobo L, Pires I, Queiroga FL. TGFβ in malignant canine mammary tumors: relation with angiogenesis, immunologic markers and prognostic role. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 39165025 PMCID: PMC11340227 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2390941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in human breast carcinogenesis. This topic is not well documented in canine mammary tumors (CMT). In this work, the tumoral TGFβ expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 67 malignant CMT and its correlation to previously determined FoxP3, VEGF, and CD31 markers and other clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated. The high levels of TGFβ were statistically significantly associated with skin ulceration, tumor necrosis, high histological grade of malignancy (HGM), presence of neoplastic intravascular emboli and presence of lymph node metastases. The observed levels of TGFβ were positively correlated with intratumoral FoxP3 (strong correlation), VEGF (weak correlation) and CD31 (moderate correlation). Tumors that presented a concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31 markers were statistically significantly associated with parameters of tumor malignancy (high HGM, presence of vascular emboli and nodal metastasis). Additionally, shorter overall survival (OS) time was statistically significantly associated with tumors with an abundant TGFβ expression and with concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31. The presence of lymph node metastasis increased 11 times the risk of disease-related death, arising as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in the multivariable analysis. In conclusion, TGFβ and Treg cells seem involved in tumor progression emerging as potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Carvalho
- MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University – Lisbon Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silva-Carvalho
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo Gregório
- Anicura Centro Hospitalar Veterinário, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Lobo
- MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University – Lisbon Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Onevet Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina L. Queiroga
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Portugal
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3
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Zeng SH, Yan ZQ, Ren Q, Lin LH, Chen Z. Knocking down RAD51AP1 enhances chemosensitivity by inhibiting the self-renewal of CD133 positive ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:410. [PMID: 39235706 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the function of RAD51AP1 in the self-renewal and chemosensitivity of CD133 positive (CD133+) ovarian cancer (OC) stem-like cells. METHODS CD133+ (CD133 positive) OVCAR4 and CD133 negative (CD133-) OVCAR4 cells were separated from OVCAR4 by flow cytometry. Then, the separated CD133+OVCAR4 cells were divided into the following groups: Vector group; RAD51AP1 group; siNC group; si-RAD51AP1 group. Next, sphere-formation assay and colony forming assay were used to evaluate the self-renewal and proliferation ability of cells; western blot to detect the expression of RAD51AP1, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and SMAD4 proteins in tissues and cells; qRT-PCR to assess the mRNA levels of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), NANOG and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). RESULTS The performance of CD133+OVCAR4 cells was much better than that of CD133-OVCAR4 cells in sphere-formation assay and colony forming assay. Besides, compared with adjacent group and CD133-OVCAR4 cells, the expression level of RAD51AP1 increased significantly in OC group and CD133+OVCAR4 cells. Moreover, the over-expression of RAD51AP1 promoted the self-renewal and proliferation of CD133+OVCAR4 cells. On the contrary, knocking down the expression level of RAD51AP1 could inhibit the self-renewal and proliferation of CD133+OVCAR4 cells and improve the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy drugs. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that RAD51AP1 was highly expressed in OC tissue and CD133+OVCAR4 cells, and regulated the self-renewal and chemosensitivity of tumor cells through the TGF-β1/SMAD4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Heng Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200170, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan West Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan West Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Department of Gynecology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Li-Hui Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan West Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan West Central Hospital, Danzhou, 571700, China.
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Wood KA, Tong RS, Motta M, Cordeddu V, Scimone ER, Bush SJ, Maxwell DW, Giannoulatou E, Caputo V, Traversa A, Mancini C, Ferrero GB, Benedicenti F, Grammatico P, Melis D, Steindl K, Brunetti-Pierri N, Trevisson E, Wilkie AO, Lin AE, Cormier-Daire V, Twigg SR, Tartaglia M, Goriely A. SMAD4 mutations causing Myhre syndrome are under positive selection in the male germline. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1953-1969. [PMID: 39116879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While it is widely thought that de novo mutations (DNMs) occur randomly, we previously showed that some DNMs are enriched because they are positively selected in the testes of aging men. These "selfish" mutations cause disorders with a shared presentation of features, including exclusive paternal origin, significant increase of the father's age, and high apparent germline mutation rate. To date, all known selfish mutations cluster within the components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, a critical modulator of testicular homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the selfish nature of the SMAD4 DNMs causing Myhre syndrome (MYHRS). By analyzing 16 informative trios, we show that MYHRS-causing DNMs originated on the paternally derived allele in all cases. We document a statistically significant epidemiological paternal age effect of 6.3 years excess for fathers of MYHRS probands. We developed an ultra-sensitive assay to quantify spontaneous MYHRS-causing SMAD4 variants in sperm and show that pathogenic variants at codon 500 are found at elevated level in sperm of most men and exhibit a strong positive correlation with donor's age, indicative of a high apparent germline mutation rate. Finally, we performed in vitro assays to validate the peculiar functional behavior of the clonally selected DNMs and explored the basis of the pathophysiology of the different SMAD4 sperm-enriched variants. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence that SMAD4, a gene operating outside the canonical RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, is associated with selfish spermatogonial selection and raises the possibility that other genes/pathways are under positive selection in the aging human testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Wood
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - R Spencer Tong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleanor R Scimone
- Medical Genetics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephen J Bush
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Dale W Maxwell
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Grammatico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrew Om Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Université Paris Cité, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephen Rf Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anne Goriely
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK.
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Zelisko N, Lesyk R, Stoika R. Structure, unique biological properties, and mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107611. [PMID: 38964148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Zelisko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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Liu F, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang S, Ni Q, Chang H. ETV4 promotes the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by regulating glycolysis via the TGF-β signaling. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102035. [PMID: 38878613 PMCID: PMC11225894 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable studies show that ETS variant 4 (ETV4) plays an important roles in multitudinous tumor. This study investigated its function in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression and revealed the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression of ETV4 in CCA was evaluated using TCGA database and the single-cell analysis based on GSE189903 dataset. ETV4 expression in CCA human specimens was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to analyze the effects of ETV4. Extracellular acidification rate, oxygen consumption rate, glucose uptake, and lactate production were used to measure glycolysis in CAA cells. Western blot was performed to explore glycolysis-related proteins. Tumor growth was evaluated in mice xenograft tumors. RESULTS ETV4 was up-regulated in CCA epithelial cells. The high-expression of ETV4 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CCA. ETV4 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of CCA cells; ETV4 silencing led to the contrary effects. Mechanistically, ETV4 activates TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. In mice xenograft mode, ETV4 silencing inhibits the tumor growth, the expression of glycolysis-related proteins and TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway proteins. CONCLUSIONS ETV4 functions as an essential factor in the roles of TGF-β1 in CCA cells, and may be a promising target for TGF-β1-mediated CCA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Qianchang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shizhe Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqiang Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
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Luo B, Zheng R, Shi C, Chen D, Jin X, Hou J, Xu G, Hu B. DACT2 modulates atrial fibrillation through TGF/β and Wnt signaling pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36050. [PMID: 39224277 PMCID: PMC11367123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Effective treatment and prevention are important to control the morbidity and mortality of AF. It has been found that cardiac fibrosis promotes the onset and progression of AF. It is now known that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), an important fibrotic cytokine, plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast activation via the activation of classical (SMAD-based) and non-classical (non-SMAD-based) signaling pathways. In addition, specific activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been shown to promote the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In recent years, a new family of proteins, namely Disheveled-associated antagonist of beta-catenin (DACT) 2, can affect the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation levels of these target proteins, which in turn affects the progression of fibrosis. The present study focuses on the effect of DACT2-guided β-catenin on atrial fibrosis. It is expected that the summarized information can be helpful in the treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The 3rd Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, ZJ, China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the 3rd Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
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Zhao D, Qu Y, Gao N, Wu T. Integrated multi-omics characterization of SMAD4 mutant colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:386. [PMID: 39210191 PMCID: PMC11362418 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world, which is a severe threat to people's health. SMAD4 belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family, which plays a crucial role in TGF-β and BMP signal pathways. As the molecular characterization of colon cancer patients following SMAD4 mutations remains unclear, we integrated multi-omics data of SMAD4 mutant patients to reveal the profile of molecular characterization of SMAD4 mutation. A missense mutation is the most common mutant type of SMAD4. Patients with SMAD4 mutation had worse survival. Tumor tissues from patients carrying the SMAD4 mutation showed a reduction in various immune cells, such as CD4 + memory T cells and memory B cells. Many differential genes were identified compared to the SMAD4 mutation-free group and could be significantly enriched for tumor- and immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, the mutant group had different drug sensitivities than the non-mutant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanjun Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Zhou F, Qian HY, Wang K, Gu YJ, Liu PL, Zhang L, Chen L, Song Y, Chen YN, Zhang HL. Metformin relieves bone cancer pain by reducing TGFβRI-TRPV1 signaling in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34991. [PMID: 39157315 PMCID: PMC11328085 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Common cancer complications include bone cancer pain (BCP), which was not sufficiently alleviated by traditional analgesics. More safe and effective therapy was urgent needed. Metformin relieved osteoarthritis pain, but the analgesia of Metformin in BCP was not well studied. The study aimed to explore the Metformin-mediated analgesic effect and its molecular mechanisms in BCP rats. We demonstrated that Walker 256 cell transplantation into the medullary cavity of the tibia worsened mechanical allodynia in BCP rats, increased the expression of TGFβ1 in the metastatic bone tissue, and raised the expression of TGFβRI and TRPV1 in the L4-6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of BCP rats. While, selectively blockade of TGFβRI by SD208 could obviously elevated the paw withdraw threshold (PWT) of BCP rats, together with decreased TRPV1 expression in L4-6 DRG. Notably, continuous Metformin treatment reduced TGFβ1, TGFβRI and TRPV1 expression, and relieved mechanical allodynia of BCP rats in a long-term effect. In conclusion, these results illustrated that Metformin ameliorated bone cancer pain, and the downregulation of TGFβ1-TGFβRI-TRPV1 might be a potential mechanism of Metformin-mediated analgesia in BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - He-Ya Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pain, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Yong-Juan Gu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Pei-Lin Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Ma Z, Sun J, Li Z, Huang S, Li B. AMDHD1 acts as a tumor suppressor and contributes to activation of TGF-β signaling pathway in cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01361-y. [PMID: 39143229 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system, characterized by its aggressive behavior and the absence of effective therapeutic biomarkers. Although recent studies have implicated AMDHD1 in tumor formation, its role in CCA development has been insufficiently explored. We utilized multiple bioinformatic datasets alongside 108 clinical samples to examine AMDHD1 expression in CCA. Then, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess its impact on tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, proteomic analysis and immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry were employed to identify the downstream effectors of AMDHD1. We discovered that AMDHD1 was down-regulated in CCA and this down-regulation was associated with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis. We also demonstrated that overexpression of AMDHD1 hindered G1/S progression in the cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we found that AMDHD1 operated in a TGF-β-dependent manner and the inhibition of TGF-β signaling abrogated the effect of AMDHD1 overexpression on CCA cells. Specifically, AMDHD1 inhibited the ubiquitination and degradation of the SMAD4 protein through binding to the MH2 domain and synergistically enhanced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, which activated of TGF-β signaling pathway and resulted in the suppression of CCA cell proliferation and migration. Our study identifies AMDHD1 as a significant prognostic biomarker and a tumor suppressor in CCA. It underscores the pivotal role of the AMDHD1/TGF-β signaling pathway in the development and progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchong Li
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and Preclinical Models, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Binglu Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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11
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Qi F, Yang L, Chang G, Wang X, Tao G, Xiao H. Comprehensive mendelian randomization reveals atrial fibrillation-breast cancer relationship and explores common druggable targets. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1435545. [PMID: 39170695 PMCID: PMC11335625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1435545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and breast cancer pose significant risks to human health. The reasons behind the concurrent occurrence of AF and breast cancer remain unclear, leading to complex treatment approaches. Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses aim to offer genetic evidence supporting the causation of AF and breast cancer and to investigate common druggable genes associated with both conditions. Methods We used two-samples of MR to sequentially explore the causal relationship between atrial fibrillation and breast cancer, and between atrial fibrillation and breast cancer therapeutic drugs, and verified the stability of the results through colocalization analysis. We utilized the Connectivity map database to infer the direction of drug effects on disease. Finally, we explored druggable genes that play a role in AF and breast cancer and performed a Phenome-wide MR analysis to analyze the potential side effects of drug targets. Results We found 15 breast cancer therapeutic drugs that significantly support a causal association between AF and breast cancer through expression in blood and/or atrial appendage tissue. Among these, activation of ANXA5 by Docetaxel, inhibition of EIF5A by Fulvestrant, and inhibition of GNA12 by Tamoxifen increased the risk of AF, while inhibition of ANXA5 by Gemcitabine and Vinorebine and inhibition of PCGF6 by Paclitaxel reduced the risk of AF. Inhibition of MSH6 and SF3B1 by Cyclophosphamide, as well as inhibition of SMAD4 and PSMD2 and activation of ASAH1 and MLST8 by Doxorubicin can have bidirectional effects on AF occurrence. XBP1 can be used as a common druggable gene for AF and breast cancer, and there are no potential side effects of treatment against this target. Conclusion This study did not find a direct disease causality between AF and breast cancer but identified 40 target genes for 15 breast cancer therapeutic drugs associated with AF, clarified the direction of action of 8 breast cancer therapeutic drugs on AF, and finally identified one common druggable target for AF and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunzhe Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Babic T, Ugrin M, Jeremic S, Kojic M, Dinic J, Banovic Djeri B, Zoidakis J, Nikolic A. Dysregulation of transcripts SMAD4-209 and SMAD4-213 and their respective promoters in colon cancer cell lines. J Cancer 2024; 15:5118-5131. [PMID: 39132157 PMCID: PMC11310865 DOI: 10.7150/jca.98911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The pervasive role of alternative promoters in context-specific isoform expression and the importance of promoter choice over its level of transcriptional activity have been recently implied based on pan-cancer in silico studies. We aimed to explore this phenomenon at the cellular level on the example of a major tumor suppressor SMAD4 in search of molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer that could be exploited for novel biomarkers or therapeutic approaches. Methods: Multi-omics technologies, in silico tools and in vitro functional assays were applied to analyze the transcripts expression and the alternative promoters' function of the SMAD4 gene in colon cell lines HCEC-1CT, HCT116, DLD-1, SW480 and SW620. Results: High expression of the transcript SMAD4-213 emerged as a hallmark of colon cancer cells, while in silico tools point to its possible additional role and potential for sponging miRNAs. Based on the observed dysregulation of SMAD4-209 and SMAD4-213 in malignant vs. non-malignant colon cells, we propose that their expression ratio might be a solid biomarker candidate for colorectal cancer detection. Conclusions: A differential pattern of the respective promoters' activity was observed that corresponds to the expression of transcripts, confirming the role of alternative promoters in context-specific isoform expression. The investigated SMAD4 promoters and transcripts harbor translational potential that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Babic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Ugrin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jeremic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11152 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” — National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Banovic Djeri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Liu L, Feng Y, Xiang X, Xu M, Tang G. Biological effect of ETV4 and the underlying mechanism of its regulatory effect on epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:346. [PMID: 38872859 PMCID: PMC11170264 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor. The prognosis of patients with ICC after radical surgical resection remains poor, due to local infiltration, distant metastasis, a high recurrence rate and lack of effective treatment strategies. E26 transformation-specific sequence variant 4 (ETV4) is a pro-carcinogenic factor that is upregulated in several tumors; however, the role of ETV4 in ICC is relatively unknown. The present study aimed to determine the role of ETV4 in the Hccc9810 ICC cell line and to assess how it contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ICC. Hccc9810 cells were infected with lentiviruses to construct stable ETV4-overexpressing cells, stable ETV4 knockdown cells and corresponding control groups. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to quantify cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and the effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. ETV4 was identified as a driver of cell growth, invasion, migration and cell cycle progression, while restraining apoptosis in Hccc9810 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting revealed that increased ETV4 levels may drive EMT by triggering the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. This cascade, in turn, may foster tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle advancement, and hinder apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mengtao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guodu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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14
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Ebrahimnezhad M, Asl SH, Rezaie M, Molavand M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. lncRNAs: New players of cancer drug resistance via targeting ABC transporters. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 39091106 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance poses a significant obstacle to successful chemotherapy, primarily driven by the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which actively efflux chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells, reducing their intracellular concentrations and therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating this resistance, positioning them as crucial modulators of ABC transporter function. lncRNAs, once considered transcriptional noise, are now recognized for their complex regulatory capabilities at various cellular levels, including chromatin modification, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. This review synthesizes current research demonstrating how lncRNAs influence cancer drug resistance by modulating the expression and activity of ABC transporters. lncRNAs can act as molecular sponges, sequestering microRNAs that would otherwise downregulate ABC transporter genes. Additionally, they can alter the epigenetic landscape of these genes, affecting their transcriptional activity. Mechanistic insights reveal that lncRNAs contribute to the activity of ABC transporters, thereby altering the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and promoting drug resistance. Understanding these interactions provides a new perspective on the molecular basis of chemoresistance, emphasizing the regulatory network of lncRNAs and ABC transporters. This knowledge not only deepens our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying drug resistance but also suggests novel therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between lncRNAs and ABC transporters is crucial for developing innovative solutions to combat cancer drug resistance, underscoring the importance of continued research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hassanzadeh Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maede Rezaie
- Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Molavand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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15
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Bakrim S, El Hachlafi N, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, El Omari N, Aboulaghras S, Sakran AM, Goh KW, Ming LC, Razi P, Bouyahya A. Recent advances and molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer, with focus on bioactive compounds targeting. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116886. [PMID: 38945700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most significant forms of human cancer. It is characterized by its heterogeneity because several molecular factors are involved in contiguity and can link it to others without having a linear correlation. Among the factors influencing tumor transformation in CRC, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a key promoter role. This factor is associated with human colorectal tumors with a very high prognosis: it increases the survival, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells, thus functioning as an oncogene. The inhibition of this factor can constitute a major therapeutic route for CRC treatment. Various chemical drugs including synthetic molecules and biotherapies have been developed as TGF-β inhibitors. Moreover, the scientific community has recently shown a major interest in screening natural drugs inhibiting TGF-β in CRC. In this context, we carried out this review article using computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, to highlight the molecular mechanism of TGF-β in CRC induction and progression and current advances in the pharmacodynamic effects of natural bioactive substances targeting TGF-β in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, P.O.Box-2002, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Health Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Ashraf M Sakran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Pakhrur Razi
- Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
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Chakraborty S, Mishra J, Roy A, Niharika, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra S, Patra SK. Liquid-liquid phase separation in subcellular assemblages and signaling pathways: Chromatin modifications induced gene regulation for cellular physiology and functions including carcinogenesis. Biochimie 2024; 223:74-97. [PMID: 38723938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) describes many biochemical processes, including hydrogel formation, in the integrity of macromolecular assemblages and existence of membraneless organelles, including ribosome, nucleolus, nuclear speckles, paraspeckles, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, Cajal bodies (all exert crucial roles in cellular physiology), and evidence are emerging day by day. Also, phase separation is well documented in generation of plasma membrane subdomains and interplay between membranous and membraneless organelles. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of biopolymers/proteins are the most critical sticking regions that aggravate the formation of such condensates. Remarkably, phase separated condensates are also involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and heterochromatinization. Epigenetic marks on DNA and histones cooperate with RNA-binding proteins through their IDRs to trigger LLPS for facilitating transcription. How phase separation coalesces mutant oncoproteins, orchestrate tumor suppressor genes expression, and facilitated cancer-associated signaling pathways are unravelling. That autophagosome formation and DYRK3-mediated cancer stem cell modification also depend on phase separation is deciphered in part. In view of this, and to linchpin insight into the subcellular membraneless organelle assembly, gene activation and biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes, and the downstream physiological functions, and how all these events are precisely facilitated by LLPS inducing organelle function, epigenetic modulation of gene expression in this scenario, and how it goes awry in cancer progression are summarized and presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Subhajit Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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Chen Q, Yang D, Chen M, Xiong J, Huang J, Ding W, Gao K, Lai B, Zheng L, Tang Z, Zhang M, Yan T, He Z. Smad4 and FoxH1 potentially interact to regulate cyp19a1a promoter in the ovary of ricefield eel (Monopterus albus). Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:60. [PMID: 39080808 PMCID: PMC11290265 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyp19a1a is a key enzyme in the pathway that converts androgens into estrogen and is regulated by TGF-β signaling. Smad4 and FoxH1 are downstream effectors of TGF-β signaling and may play important roles in ovarian development in M. albus. METHODS We investigated the expression pattern of the Smad4 and FoxH1 using qRT‒PCR and immunofluorescence, then tested the changes of smad4 and foxh1 by qRT‒PCR after ovary incubation with FSH in vitro, and analysed the regulation of cyp19a1a transcription by Smad4 and FoxH1 by dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS We found that Smad4 encoded a putative protein of 449 amino acids and harbored the three conserved domains typical of this protein family. Smad4 and foxh1 exhibited similar expression patterns during ovarian development and after FSH incubation, with Pearson's coefficients of 0.873 and 0.63-0.81, respectively. Furthermore, Smad4, FoxH1 and Cyp19a1a colocalized in the granulosa cells and theca cells of ovaries during the mid-to-late vitellogenic stage. Smad4 repressed cyp19a1a activity via SBE1 (- 1372/-1364) and SBE2 (- 415/-407) in the cyp19a1a promoter, whereas mutating SBE1 or SBE2 restored cyp19a1a promoter activity. Co-overexpression of Smad4 and FoxH1 significantly reduced cyp19a1a promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the potential functions of transcription factors Smad4 and FoxH1 in ovarian development and the transcriptional regulation mechanism of cyp19a1a in M. albus, which will reveal Smad4/FoxH1-mediated TGF-β signaling in reproduction and the regulation of the cyp19a1a. Aromatase, encoded by cyp19a1a, is involved in ovarian development and plays an important role in the quality of eggs, as well the sex ratio, of the teleost fish, M. albus. The research on the transcriptional regulation of cyp19a1a has contributed to the understanding of its role in ovarian development. In previous study, it was shown that FoxH1 inhibits cyp19a1a transcription. In the present study, Smad4 was confirmed as a cyp19a1a transcriptional repressor and Smad4 may also coordinate with FoxH1 to repress cyp19a1a transcription. At present, we provide a new perspective for the transcriptional regulation of cyp19a1a by transcription factors Smad4 and FoxH1 in teleost fish ovary. In the future, the regulatory networks of Smad4 and FoxH1 will be further studied and the gene editing technology will be applied to screen specific regulatory factors of cyp191a1a gene, so as to alter the female cycle and modulate the sex ratio of the eggs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingqiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinxin Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenxiang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bolin Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziting Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Amani MS, Peymani M. Investigating the impact of SMAD2 and SMAD4 downregulation in colorectal cancer and their correlation with immune markers, prognosis, and drug resistance and sensitivity. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:831. [PMID: 39037563 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many genes linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) contribute to cancer development, a thorough investigation is needed to explore crucial hub genes yet to be fully studied. A pivotal pathway in CRC is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). This study aimed to assess SMAD2 and SMAD4 gene expression from this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Counted data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were examined, comparing 483 tumor and 41 normal samples. Using clinical data, genes impacting overall survival (OS) were evaluated. GSE39582 was employed to confirmed the levels of genes in CRC compared to the normal samples. Additionally, employing unhealthy samples and the RT-qPCR means our outcomes was validated. Finally, PharmacoGx information were utilized to connect the levels of potential genes to drug tolerance and susceptibility. Our findings showed SMAD2 and SMAD4 levels in TGF-β signaling were more significant than other pathway genes. Our findings indicated that the protein levels of these genes were lower in malignant tissues than in healthy tissues. Results revealed a significant correlation between low levels of SMAD2 and unfavorable OS in CRC individuals. RT-qPCR results demonstrated decreased expressions of both SMAD2 and SMAD4 in cancer tissues compared to elevated levels in adjacent normal samples. Our results showed significant association between selected genes and immune cell infiltration markers such as CD8+, and B-cells. Our results indicated a potential association among the levels of SMAD2 and SMAD4 genes and tolerance and susceptibility to Nilotinib and Panobinostat drugs. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of SMAD2 and SMAD4 may be pivotal in CRC progression, impacting downstream genes unrelated to patient OS. These findings suggest a potential role for SMAD2 and SMAD4 as predictive markers for drug response in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Saadat Amani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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19
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Forte G, Buonadonna AL, Fasano C, Sanese P, Cariola F, Manghisi A, Guglielmi AF, Lepore Signorile M, De Marco K, Grossi V, Disciglio V, Simone C. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of SMAD4 Splicing Variants in Patients with Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7939. [PMID: 39063183 PMCID: PMC11276957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an inherited autosomal dominant condition that predisposes to the development of juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and it poses an increased risk of GI malignancy. Germline causative variants were identified in the SMAD4 gene in a subset (20%) of JPS cases. Most SMAD4 germline genetic variants published to date are missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations. SMAD4 germline alterations predicted to result in aberrant splicing have rarely been reported. Here, we report two unrelated Italian families harboring two different SMAD4 intronic variants, c.424+5G>A and c.425-9A>G, which are clinically associated with colorectal cancer and/or juvenile GI polyps. In silico prediction analysis, in vitro minigene assays, and RT-PCR showed that the identified variants lead to aberrant SMAD4 splicing via the exonization of intronic nucleotides, resulting in a premature stop codon. This is expected to cause the production of a truncated protein. This study expands the landscape of SMAD4 germline genetic variants associated with GI polyposis and/or cancer. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of the functional characterization of SMAD4 splicing variants through RNA analysis, which can provide new insights into genetic disease variant interpretation, enabling tailored genetic counseling, management, and surveillance of patients with GI polyposis and/or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Antonia Lucia Buonadonna
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Filomena Cariola
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Andrea Manghisi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Anna Filomena Guglielmi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.B.); (C.F.); (P.S.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.F.G.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Habib S, Zulfareen, Hasan GM, Islam S, Shamsi A, Hassan I. Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1427802. [PMID: 39087024 PMCID: PMC11288929 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1427802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer development, including KRAS, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are discussed, with an emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms of postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, including liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, and gene editing, are explored, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing diagnosis and treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related to immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging research directions, encompassing liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and computational intelligence applications, hold promise for refining diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, and clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing research in these emerging fields holds significant promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Zulfareen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Islam
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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21
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Fasano M, Pirozzi M, Miceli CC, Cocule M, Caraglia M, Boccellino M, Vitale P, De Falco V, Farese S, Zotta A, Ciardiello F, Addeo R. TGF-β Modulated Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: New Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7400. [PMID: 39000507 PMCID: PMC11242595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. TGF-β signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and immune responses. TGF-β signals through SMAD proteins, which are intracellular molecules that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Alterations in the TGF-β pathway and mutations in SMAD proteins are common in metastatic CRC (mCRC), making them critical factors in CRC tumorigenesis. This review first analyzes normal TGF-β signaling and then investigates its role in CRC pathogenesis, highlighting the mechanisms through which TGF-β influences metastasis development. TGF-β promotes neoangiogenesis via VEGF overexpression, pericyte differentiation, and other mechanisms. Additionally, TGF-β affects various elements of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, promoting immunosuppression and metastasis. Given its strategic role in multiple processes, we explored different strategies to target TGF-β in mCRC patients, aiming to identify new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Fasano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mario Pirozzi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Carmen Miceli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Cocule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefano Farese
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessia Zotta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
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22
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Chauhan R, Malhotra L, Gupta A, Dagar G, Mendiratta M, Masoodi T, Hashem S, Al Marzooqi S, Das D, Uddin S, Ethayathulla AS, Macha MA, Akil AAS, Sahoo RK, Rai E, Bhat AA, Singh M. Bergenin inhibits growth of human cervical cancer cells by decreasing Galectin-3 and MMP-9 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15287. [PMID: 38961106 PMCID: PMC11222472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is still the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide even after introduction of vaccine against Human papillomavirus (HPV), due to low vaccine coverage, especially in the developing world. Cervical cancer is primarily treated by Chemo/Radiotherapy, depending on the disease stage, with Carboplatin/Cisplatin-based drug regime. These drugs being non-specific, target rapidly dividing cells, including normal cells, so safer options are needed for lower off-target toxicity. Natural products offer an attractive option compared to synthetic drugs due to their well-established safety profile and capacity to target multiple oncogenic hallmarks of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, etc. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Bergenin (C-glycoside of 4-O-methylgallic acid), a natural polyphenol compound that is isolated from medicinal plants such as Bergenia crassifolia, Caesalpinia digyna, and Flueggea leucopyrus. Bergenin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, and wound healing properties but its anticancer potential has been realized only recently. We performed a proteomic analysis of cervical carcinoma cells treated with bergenin and found it to influence multiple hallmarks of cancers, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor suppressor proteins. It was also involved in many different cellular processes unrelated to cancer, as shown by our proteomic analysis. Further analysis showed bergenin to be a potent-angiogenic agent by reducing key angiogenic proteins like Galectin 3 and MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloprotease 9) in cervical carcinoma cells. Further understanding of this interaction was carried out using molecular docking analysis, which indicated MMP-9 has more affinity for bergenin as compared to Galectin-3. Cumulatively, our data provide novel insight into the anti-angiogenic mechanism of bergenin in cervical carcinoma cells by modulation of multiple angiogenic proteins like Galectin-3 and MMP-9 which warrant its further development as an anticancer agent in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mohini Mendiratta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Rai
- School of Life Sciences Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Chiu H, Weinstein KN, Spath S, Hu A, Varela S, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. SKI Regulates Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation to Control Peripheral T Cell Responses in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:52-62. [PMID: 38767415 PMCID: PMC11182718 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is an important site for the establishment of an appropriate immune response through positive and negative selection of developing T cells. During selection, developing T cells interact with cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs), termed cTECs and mTECs, respectively. Using a Foxn1Cre+/-SKIfl/fl mouse model, we found that TEC-specific deletion of SKI reduced the mTEC compartment in the thymus and that tissue-restricted Ag expression in mTECs was altered. This decrease in the medullary area led to a decrease in CD4 thymocyte cellularity; however, mature CD4 cellularity in the spleen remained normal. Interestingly, naive CD4 T cells purified from SKI-deleted mice showed a defect in proliferation in vitro after global TCR stimulation, and these mice were significantly protected from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with the control mice. Overall, our findings suggest that SKI signaling in the thymus regulates mTEC differentiation and function as well as downstream peripheral T cell responses and provide evidence for targeting SKI in T cell-driven autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Fernández Aceñero MJ, Díaz del Arco C. Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumor Syndromes: When Risk Comes with Your Genes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6440-6471. [PMID: 39057027 PMCID: PMC11275188 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent campaigns for screening and the latest advances in cancer therapy and molecular biology, gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms remain among the most frequent and lethal human tumors. Most GI neoplasms are sporadic, but there are some well-known familial syndromes associated with a significant risk of developing both benign and malignant GI tumors. Although some of these entities were described more than a century ago based on clinical grounds, the increasing molecular information obtained with high-throughput techniques has shed light on the pathogenesis of several of them. The vast amount of information gained from next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of some high-risk genetic variants, although others remain to be discovered. The opportunity for genetic assessment and counseling in these families has dramatically changed the management of these syndromes, though it has also resulted in significant psychological distress for the affected patients, especially those with indeterminate variants. Herein, we aim to summarize the most relevant hereditary cancer syndromes involving the stomach and colon, with an emphasis on new molecular findings, novel entities, and recent changes in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Li X, Wang Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Yuan Y, He Q, Mao S, Wu C, Zhou M. Downregulation of SMAD4 protects HaCaT cells against UVB-induced damage and oxidative stress through the activation of EMT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1051-1065. [PMID: 38684635 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
As a member of the SMAD family, SMAD4 plays a crucial role in several cellular biological processes. However, its function in UVB radiation-induced keratinocyte damage is not yet clarified. Our study aims to provide mechanistic insight for the development of future UVB protective therapies and therapeutics involving SMAD4. HaCaT cells were treated with UVB, and the dose dependence and time dependence of UVB were measured. The cell function of UVB-treated HaCaT cells and the activity of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after overexpression or silencing of SMAD4 was observed by flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blots (WB). We found that a significant decrease in SMAD4 was observed in HaCaT cells induced by UVB. Our data confirm SMAD4 as a direct downstream target of miR-664. The down-regulation of SMAD4 preserved the viability of the UVB-treated HaCaT cells by inhibiting autophagy or apoptosis. Furthermore, the silencing of SMAD4 activated the EMT process in UVB-treated HaCaT cells. Down-regulation of SMAD4 plays a protective role in UVB-treated HaCaT cells via the activation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545000, China
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou Branch of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Taizhou Cancer Hospital), Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yawen Yuan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingquan He
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou Branch of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Taizhou Cancer Hospital), Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Shuyi Mao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Cailian Wu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Chen X, Sun B, Li S. Downregulation of HIGD1B induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inactivating Akt and ERK pathways. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22221. [PMID: 38863387 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Hypoxia-inducible domain (HIGD) family members (e.g., HIGD1A) have been linked to tumor progression. However, the role of HIGD1B (another HIGD family member) in GC has yet to be fully understood. Based on data from TCGA_GC, GSE65801, and GSE65801 data sets, HIGD1B levels were evaluated in normal and GC tissues. Next, HIGD1B levels were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis analyses. Meanwhile, patients with GC in the TCGA_GC cohort were grouped into high- and low-HIGD1B level groups, and overall survival, functional enrichment, and immune infiltration were analyzed. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the function of HIGD1B in GC cells. Compared to normal controls, HIGD1B mRNA levels were significantly elevated in GC tissues. Moreover, high HIGD1B levels may be an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with GC. Additionally, high HIGD1B levels were correlated with high stromal and ESTIMATE scores and elevated expression of immune checkpoints in patients with GC. Functional analyses showed that HIGD1B deficiency notably suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, HIGD1B deficiency significantly induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in GC cells by inactivating Akt and ERK pathways. Collectively, HIGD1B may predict the prognosis of patients with GC and may function as an oncogene in GC. These findings suggest that HIGD1B may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Zhang W, Wang J, Shan C. The eEF1A protein in cancer: Clinical significance, oncogenic mechanisms, and targeted therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107195. [PMID: 38677532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells. Evolutionarily conserved across species, eEF1A is in charge of translation elongation for protein biosynthesis as well as a plethora of non-translational moonlighting functions for cellular homeostasis. In malignant cells, however, eEF1A becomes a pleiotropic driver of cancer progression via a broad diversity of pathways, which are not limited to hyperactive translational output. In the past decades, mounting studies have demonstrated the causal link between eEF1A and carcinogenesis, gaining deeper insights into its multifaceted mechanisms and corroborating its value as a prognostic marker in various cancers. On the other hand, an increasing number of natural and synthetic compounds were discovered as anticancer eEF1A-targeting inhibitors. Among them, plitidepsin was approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma whereas metarrestin was currently under clinical development. Despite significant achievements in these two interrelated fields, hitherto there lacks a systematic examination of the eEF1A protein in the context of cancer research. Therefore, the present work aims to delineate its clinical implications, molecular oncogenic mechanisms, and targeted therapeutic strategies as reflected in the ever expanding body of literature, so as to deepen mechanistic understanding of eEF1A-involved tumorigenesis and inspire the development of eEF1A-targeted chemotherapeutics and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Shan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Dahiya R, Thapa R, Gahtori A, Shahwan M, Jakhmola V, Tiwari A, Kumar M, Dureja H, Singh SK, Dua K, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. CircRNAs: Pivotal modulators of TGF-β signalling in cancer pathogenesis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:277-287. [PMID: 38505309 PMCID: PMC10945146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate molecular landscape of cancer pathogenesis continues to captivate researchers worldwide, with Circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerging as pivotal players in the dynamic regulation of biological functions. The study investigates the elusive link between circRNAs and the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway, exploring their collective influence on cancer progression and metastasis. Our comprehensive investigation begins by profiling circRNA expression patterns in diverse cancer types, revealing a repertoire of circRNAs intricately linked to the TGF-β pathway. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses and functional experiments, we elucidate the specific circRNA-mRNA interactions that modulate TGF-β signalling, unveiling the regulatory controls governing this crucial pathway. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence of the impact of circRNA-mediated TGF-β modulation on key cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to their mechanistic roles, circRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. Their ability to modulate critical pathways, such as the TGF-β signalling axis, underscores their significance in cancer biology and clinical applications. The intricate interplay between circRNAs and TGF-β is dissected, uncovering novel regulatory circuits that contribute to the complexity of cancer biology. This review unravels a previously unexplored dimension of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the crucial role of circRNAs in shaping the TGF-β signalling landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Archana Gahtori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vikas Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.), 244102, India
| | - Mahish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Shah NN, Dave BP, Shah KC, Shah DD, Maheshwari KG, Chorawala MR. Disable 2, A Versatile Tissue Matrix Multifunctional Scaffold Protein with Multifaceted Signaling: Unveiling Role in Breast Cancer for Therapeutic Revolution. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:501-520. [PMID: 38594547 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Disabled-2 (DAB2) protein, found in 80-90% of various tumors, including breast cancer, has been identified as a potential tumor suppressor protein. On the contrary, some hypothesis suggests that DAB2 is associated with the modulation of the Ras/MAPK pathway by endocytosing the Grb/Sos1 signaling complex, which produces oncogenes and chemoresistance to anticancer drugs, leading to increased tumor growth and metastasis. DAB2 has multiple functions in several disorders and is typically under-regulated in several cancers, making it a potential target for treatment of cancer therapy. The primary function of DAB2 is the modulation of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) mediated endocytosis, which is involved in several mechanisms of cancer development, including tumor suppression through promoting apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation. In this review, we will discuss in detail the mechanisms through which DAB2 leads to breast cancer and various advancements in employing DAB2 in the treatment of breast cancer. Additionally, we outlined its role in other diseases. We propose that upregulating DAB2 could be a novel approach to the therapeutics of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi N Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kashvi C Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha D Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Xin J, Wang Z, Shen Y, Bai J, Shen Y. S100 calcium‑binding protein A16 suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting SMAD family member 4 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:250. [PMID: 38682113 PMCID: PMC11046178 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis is a complex process of bone formation regulated by various factors, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S100A16, a novel member of the S100 protein family, in the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and uncover a novel Smad4-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling axis. In the present study, the expression level of S100A16 in bone tissues and BMSCs from ovariectomized rats was evaluated and then the impact of S100A16 silencing on osteogenic differentiation was examined. Increased S100A16 expression was observed in bone tissues and BMSCs from ovariectomized rats, and S100A16 silencing promoted osteogenic differentiation. Further transcriptomic sequencing revealed that the Smad4 pathway was involved in S100A16 silencing-induced osteogenesis. The results of western blot analysis revealed that S100A16 overexpression not only downregulated Smad4 but also activated MAPK/JNK signaling, which was validated by treatment with MAPK and JNK inhibitors U0126 and SP600125. Overall, in the present study, the novel regulatory factors influencing osteogenic differentiation were elucidated and mechanistic insights that could aid in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with osteoporosis were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, P.R. China
| | - Yanju Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, P.R. China
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Ratnawati H, Wargasetia TL, Larissa L, Alvitri L, Bryant K. HOLOTHURIA SCABRA METHANOL EXTRACT INHIBITS CANCER GROWTH THROUGH TGF-β/PI3K/PTEN SIGNALING PATHWAY IN BREAST CANCER MICE MODEL. Exp Oncol 2024; 46:22-29. [PMID: 38852056 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecules and cytokines can be targeted in cancer therapy. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that acts on protein kinase receptors in the plasma membrane. The signaling pathway of TGF-β can trigger the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, a signal transduction pathway important in cancer growth and development. However, this PI3K/AKT cascade can be inhibited by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor genes. AIM To determine the inhibitory effect of Holothuria scabra methanol extract (HSE) on breast cancer growth through the TGF-β/PI3K pathways and PTEN tumor suppressor gene on a breast cancer (BC) mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with carcinogen DMBA 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): negative control (NC) administered with a standard diet, positive control (PC) administered with DMBA and HFD, and three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) treated with HSE doses of 0.33, 0.66, and 0.99 g/kg BW for 12 weeks. TGF-β concentration in the blood serum of mice was assessed by ELISA and the PIK3CA and PTEN gene expression by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The treatment with HSE resulted in a significant decrease in TGF-β concentrations in the blood sera of treatment groups T1 (35.31 ± 17.33), T2 (43.31 ± 17.42), and T3 (48.67 ± 20.94) pg/mL compared to the PC group (162.09 ± 11.60) pg/mL (p < 0.001). However, only HSE at a dose of 0.99 g/kg BW decreased the PIK3CA gene expression (p = 0.026), and at a dose of 0.66 g/kg BW increased the PTEN expression up to 4.93-fold. CONCLUSION HSE is capable of inhibiting the TGF-β/PIK3CA pathway and increasing the PTEN gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ratnawati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Larissa Larissa
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Liana Alvitri
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Keane Bryant
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Bingham V, Harewood L, McQuaid S, Craig SG, Revolta JF, Kim CS, Srivastava S, Quezada-Marín J, Humphries MP, Salto-Tellez M. Topographic analysis of pancreatic cancer by TMA and digital spatial profiling reveals biological complexity with potential therapeutic implications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11361. [PMID: 38762572 PMCID: PMC11102543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies. Tissue microarrays (TMA) are an established method of high throughput biomarker interrogation in tissues but may not capture histological features of cancer with potential biological relevance. Topographic TMAs (T-TMAs) representing pathophysiological hallmarks of cancer were constructed from representative, retrospective PDAC diagnostic material, including 72 individual core tissue samples. The T-TMA was interrogated with tissue hybridization-based experiments to confirm the accuracy of the topographic sampling, expression of pro-tumourigenic and immune mediators of cancer, totalling more than 750 individual biomarker analyses. A custom designed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel and a spatial distribution-specific transcriptomic evaluation were also employed. The morphological choice of the pathophysiological hallmarks of cancer was confirmed by protein-specific expression. Quantitative analysis identified topography-specific patterns of expression in the IDO/TGF-β axis; with a heterogeneous relationship of inflammation and desmoplasia across hallmark areas and a general but variable protein and gene expression of c-MET. NGS results highlighted underlying genetic heterogeneity within samples, which may have a confounding influence on the expression of a particular biomarker. T-TMAs, integrated with quantitative biomarker digital scoring, are useful tools to identify hallmark specific expression of biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Louise Harewood
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Julia F Revolta
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Chang S Kim
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Shambhavi Srivastava
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Javier Quezada-Marín
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Tiwari P, Yadav A, Kaushik M, Dada R. Cancer risk and male Infertility: Unravelling predictive biomarkers and prognostic indicators. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119670. [PMID: 38614420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a global increase in cases of male infertility. There are about 30 million cases of male infertility worldwide and male reproductive health is showing rapid decline in last few decades. It is now recognized as a potential risk factor for developing certain types of cancer, particularly genitourinary malignancies like testicular and prostate cancer. Male infertility is considered a potential indicator of overall health and an early biomarker for cancer. Cases of unexplained male factor infertility have high levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage and this induces both denovo germ line mutations and epimutations due to build up of 8-hydroxy 2 deoxygunaosine abase which is highly mutagenic and also induces hypomethylation and genomic instability. Consequently, there is growing evidence to explore the various factors contributing to an increased cancer risk. Currently, the available prognostic and predictive biomarkers associated with semen characteristics and cancer risk are limited but gaining significant attention in clinical research for the diagnosis and treatment of elevated cancer risk in the individual and in offspring. The male germ cell being transcriptionally and translationally inert has a highly truncated repair mechanism and has minimal antioxidants and thus most vulnerable to oxidative injury due to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle and social habits. Therefore, advancing our understanding requires a thorough evaluation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms at the DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite levels to identify key biomarkers that may underlie the pathogenesis of male infertility and associated cancer. Advanced methodologies such as genomics, epigenetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics stand at the forefront of cutting-edge approaches for discovering novel biomarkers, spanning from infertility to associated cancer types. Henceforth, in this review, we aim to assess the role and potential of recently identified predictive and prognostic biomarkers, offering insights into the success of assisted reproductive technologies, causes of azoospermia and idiopathic infertility, the impact of integrated holistic approach and lifestyle modifications, and the monitoring of cancer susceptibility, initiation and progression. Comprehending these biomarkers is crucial for providing comprehensive counselling to infertile men and cancer patients, along with their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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He Q, Li J, Tao C, Zeng C, Liu C, Zheng Z, Mou S, Liu W, Zhang B, Yu X, Zhai Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhao J, Ge P. High glutamine increases stroke risk by inducing the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in moyamoya disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e525. [PMID: 38628905 PMCID: PMC11018113 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, there is limited research on the mechanisms underlying moyamoya disease (MMD). Herein, we aimed to determine the role of glutamine in MMD pathogenesis, and 360 adult patients were prospectively enrolled. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were subjected to Integrin Subunit Beta 4 (ITGB4) overexpression or knockdown and atorvastatin. We assessed factors associated with various signaling pathways in the context of the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and the expression level of related proteins was validated in the superficial temporal arteries of patients. We found glutamine levels were positively associated with a greater risk of stroke (OR = 1.599, p = 0.022). After treatment with glutamine, HBMECs exhibited enhanced proliferation, migration, and EndMT, all reversed by ITGB4 knockdown. In ITGB4-transfected HBMECs, the MAPK-ERK-TGF-β/BMP pathway was activated, with Smad4 knockdown reversing the EndMT. Furthermore, atorvastatin suppressed the EndMT by inhibiting Smad1/5 phosphorylation and promoting Smad4 ubiquitination in ITGB4-transfected HBMECs. We also found the protein level of ITGB4 was upregulated in the superficial temporal arteries of patients with MMD. In conclusion, our study suggests that glutamine may be an independent risk factor for hemorrhage or infarction in patients with MMD and targeting ITGB4 could potentially be therapeutic approaches for MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiheng He
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junsheng Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaofan Zeng
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyao Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain TumorsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Siqi Mou
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bojian Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofan Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanren Zhai
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- 3D Printing Center in Clinical NeuroscienceChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- 3D Printing Center in Clinical NeuroscienceChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Li L, Sun X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Yang Y, Wang S. FOXN2, identified as a novel biomarker in serum, modulates the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway through its interaction with partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha, contributing to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Growth Factors 2024; 42:62-73. [PMID: 38954805 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2297700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dysregulated expression of Forkhead Box N2 (FOXN2) has been detected in various cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms by which FOXN2 contributes to the onset and progression of gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of FOXN2 within GC, its downstream molecular mechanisms, and its feasibility as a novel serum biomarker for GC. METHODS Tissue samples from GC patients and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were collected. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from GC patients and healthy controls. The expression of FOXN2 was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The expression of FOXN2 in GC cells was modulated by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the pcDNA 3.1 expression vector. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. The migratory and invasive capacities of cells were evaluated by Transwell assays, apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of proliferative, apoptotic, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS FOXN2 was found to be overexpressed in the serum, tissues, and cells of GC, correlating with distant metastasis and TNM staging. FOXN2 demonstrated diagnostic value in differentiating GC patients from healthy individuals, with higher levels of FOXN2 being indicative of poorer survival rates. Silencing FOXN2 in vitro inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of GC cells, while promoting apoptosis. FOXN2 was shown to regulate the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) receptor signaling pathway in GC cells via its interaction with Partitioning Defective 6 Homolog Alpha (PARD6A). CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggest that FOXN2 acts as an oncogenic factor in GC, modulating the TGFβ pathway by binding to PARD6A, thereby influencing gastric carcinogenesis. This study underscores the functional significance of FOXN2 as a potential serum biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
| | - XueFeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
| | - BangShuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Hematology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing City, China
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Deregulated circRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer With Activity in Preclinical In Vivo Models: Identification of Targets and New Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:213-237. [PMID: 38670587 PMCID: PMC11059596 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with a dismal prognosis due to development of resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity and distant organs. In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for up- and and down-regulated circRNAs with efficacy in preclinical EOC-related in vivo systems. Our search yielded circRNAs falling into the following categories: cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance, transmembrane receptors, secreted factors, transcription factors, RNA splicing and processing factors, RAS pathway-related components, proteolysis and cell-cycle regulation, signaling-related proteins, and circRNAs regulating proteins in additional categories. These findings can be potentially translated by validation and manipulation of the corresponding targets, inhibition of circRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by reconstituting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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ZHAO XUHUI, HUANG XIAOMIN, DANG CHUNYAN, WANG XIA, QI YUJIAO, LI HONGLING. The Epstein-Barr virus-miRNA-BART6-5p regulates TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway to induce glycolysis and enhance proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Res 2024; 32:999-1009. [PMID: 38686046 PMCID: PMC11055990 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.046679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background EBV-miR-BARTs exhibit significant relevance in epithelial tumors, particularly in EBV-associated gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. However, their specific mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain insufficiently explored. Material and Methods Initially, EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p and its target gene SMAD4 expression were assessed in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Subsequent transfection induced overexpression of EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p in AGS and MKN-45, and downregulation in EBV-positive cells (SUN-719). The subsequent evaluation aimed to observe their impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and glycolytic processes, with the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway value clarified using a TGF-β inhibitor. Results EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p exhibits pronounced upregulation in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and EBV-positive cells, while its target gene SMAD4 demonstrates downregulated expression. Upregulation of it can promote the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, We found EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p promotes glycolysis of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway resulted in suppressed proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, concomitant with a diminished glycolytic capacity. Conclusion In this study, we found that EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p can target SMAD4, effectively increasing glycolysis in gastric cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Our findings may offer new insights into the metabolic aspects of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUHUI ZHAO
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIAOMIN HUANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - CHUNYAN DANG
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIA WANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - YUJIAO QI
- The Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - HONGLING LI
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Farsi A, Yusuf AS, Alharthi A, Qahl SH, Alghamdi MA, Alzahrani FA, Elgaddar OH, Ibrahim MA, Bahieldin A. Molecular detection of exosomal miRNAs of blood serum for prognosis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8902. [PMID: 38632250 PMCID: PMC11024162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer affecting people. The discovery of new, non-invasive, specific, and sensitive molecular biomarkers for CRC may assist in the diagnosis and support therapeutic decision making. Exosomal miRNAs have been demonstrated in carcinogenesis and CRC development, which makes these miRNAs strong biomarkers for CRC. Deep sequencing allows a robust high-throughput informatics investigation of the types and abundance of exosomal miRNAs. Thus, exosomal miRNAs can be efficiently examined as diagnostic biomarkers for disease screening. In the present study, a number of 660 mature miRNAs were detected in patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. Of which, 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CRC patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-nine miRNAs with high abundance levels were further selected for subsequent analysis. These miRNAs were either highly up-regulated (e.g., let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7d-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-3184-5p, and miR-584) or down-regulated (e.g., miR-30a-5p, miR-99-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-26-5p and miR-204-5p). These miRNAs influence critical genes in CRC, leading to either tumor growth or suppression. Most of the reported diagnostic exosomal miRNAs were shown to be circulating in blood serum. The latter is a novel miRNA that was found in exosomal profile of blood serum. Some of the predicted target genes of highly expressed miRNAs participate in several cancer pathways, including CRC pathway. These target genes include tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Main focus was given to multiple critical signaling cross-talking pathways including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are directly linked to CRC. In conclusion, we recommend further analysis in order to experimentally confirm exact relationships between selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes and downstream functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jedaah, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Central lab of biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, 21461, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa H Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola H Elgaddar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohanad A Ibrahim
- Data Science Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Zuo C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ma H, Wang F, Qiao Y. Underlying effect of SMAD4 gene polymorphism on risk prediction of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Chinese population. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28824. [PMID: 38596142 PMCID: PMC11002234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research intends to explore how variations in the SMAD4 gene impact papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients in China. Methods The rs10502913 and rs12968012 polymorphisms were genotyped in 405 subjects using SNP-scan high-throughput technology. Differential mRNA expression of SMAD4 was analyzed using data from TCGA and GSE33630, and protein level expression differences were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that SMAD4 mRNA expression was lower in thyroid cancer (THCA) tissues than in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of SMAD4 in normal tissue, thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue and poorly differentiated tissue was significantly different. We found that SMAD4 mismatch variants (rs10502913 and rs12968012) were associated with PTC susceptibility. Specifically, the SMAD4-rs10502913 genotypes (GA and AA) showed a notable correlation with a lower likelihood of PTC in comprehensive and segmented studies (genotype GA: OR (95% CI) = 0.270 (0.077-0.950), p = 0.041; genotype AA: OR (95% CI) = 0.103 (0.025-0.416), p = 0.001). We categorized the immunohistochemical results according to genotype and found that rs10502913-GG protein level was expressed at the lowest level, and both GA and AA were higher than GG (GG vs. AA, P < 0.05), and rs12968012-CG protein level was expressed at the lowest level, and both GG and CC were higher than CG (GG vs. CG, P < 0.01). Conclusion Two missense variants of SMAD4 (rs10502913 and rs12968012) are associated with reduced risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, possibly by reducing protein expression leading to susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongchao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Ouyang W, Li Q, Niu Q, Qui M, Fu H, Du Y, Mo X. A multiplexed time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer ultrahigh-throughput screening assay for targeting the SMAD4-SMAD3-DNA complex. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad068. [PMID: 37968137 PMCID: PMC11063955 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, making anti-TGFβ agents a significant area of interest in cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical translation of current anti-TGFβ agents that target upstream cytokines and receptors remains challenging. Therefore, the development of small-molecule inhibitors specifically targeting SMAD4, the downstream master regulator of the TGFβ pathway, would offer an alternative approach with significant therapeutic potential for anti-TGFβ signaling. In this study, we present the development of a cell lysate-based multiplexed time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay in an ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) 1536-well plate format. This assay enables simultaneous monitoring of the protein‒protein interaction between SMAD4 and SMAD3, as well as the protein‒DNA interaction between SMADs and their consensus DNA-binding motif. The multiplexed TR-FRET assay exhibits high sensitivity, allowing the dynamic analysis of the SMAD4-SMAD3-DNA complex at single-amino acid resolution. Moreover, the multiplexed uHTS assay demonstrates robustness for screening small-molecule inhibitors. Through a pilot screening of an FDA-approved bioactive compound library, we identified gambogic acid and gambogenic acid as potential hit compounds. These proof-of-concept findings underscore the utility of our optimized multiplexed TR-FRET platform for large-scale screening to discover small-molecule inhibitors that target the SMAD4-SMAD3-DNA complex as novel anti-TGFβ signaling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wukun Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qianjin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiankun Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Min Qui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Duan W, Yang L, Liu J, Dai Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang X, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang N, Mo H, Qu C, Xia Z, Cheng Q. A TGF-β signaling-related lncRNA signature for prediction of glioma prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14489. [PMID: 37850692 PMCID: PMC11017415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is a crucial pathophysiological process in tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNAs have diverse biological functions and are significant participants in the regulation of tumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical value of lncRNAs related to TGF-β signaling in glioma is currently unclear. METHODS Data on glioma's RNA-seq transcriptome, somatic mutation, DNA methylation data, and clinicopathological information were derived from the CGGA and TCGA databases. A prognostic lncRNA signature was constructed by Cox and LASSO regression analyses. TIMER2.0 database was utilized to deduce immune infiltration characteristics. "ELMER v.2" was used to reconstruct TF-methylation-gene regulatory network. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy response predictions were implemented by the TIDE algorithm and GDSC database, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the results and clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA. RESULTS In glioma, a TGF-β signaling-related 15-lncRNA signature was constructed, including AC010173.1, HOXA-AS2, AC074286.1, AL592424.1, DRAIC, HOXC13-AS, AC007938.1, AC010729.1, AC013472.3, AC093895.1, AC131097.4, AL606970.4, HOXC-AS1, AGAP2-AS1, and AC002456.1. This signature proved to be a reliable prognostic tool, with high risk indicating an unfavorable prognosis and being linked to malignant clinicopathological and genomic mutation traits. Risk levels were associated with different immune infiltration landscapes, where high risk was indicative of high levels of macrophage infiltration. In addition, high risk also suggested better immunotherapy and chemotherapy response. cg05987823 was an important methylation site in glioma progression, and AP-1 transcription factor family participated in the regulation of signature lncRNA expression. AGAP2-AS1 knockdown in in vitro and in vivo experiments inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as the growth of glioma, by downregulating the expression levels of NF-κB and ERK 1/2 in the TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS A prognostic lncRNA signature of TGF-β signaling was established in glioma, which can be used for prognostic judgment, immune infiltration status inference, and immunotherapy response prediction. AGAP2-AS1 plays an important role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Wei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Li‐Ting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical InnovationThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zi‐Yu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ze‐Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xi‐Song Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zao‐Qu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- One‐third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHei LongjiangChina
| | - Hao‐Yang Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chun‐Run Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhi‐Wei Xia
- Department of NeurologyHunan Aerospace HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Xia G, Dohi T, Abdelhakim M, Tosa M, Ogawa R. The effects of systemic diseases, genetic disorders and lifestyle on keloids. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14865. [PMID: 38584345 PMCID: PMC10999570 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloid are a fibroproliferative disorder caused by abnormal healing of skin, specifically reticular dermis, when subjected to pathological or inflammatory scars demonstrating redness, elevation above the skin surface, extension beyond the original wound margins and resulting in an unappealing cosmetic appearance. The severity of keloids and risk of developing keloids scars are subjected to elevation by other contributing factors such as systemic diseases, general health conditions, genetic disorders, lifestyle and natural environment. In particular, recently, daily physical work interpreted into mechanical force as well as the interplay between mechanical factors such as stress, strain and stiffness have been reported to strongly modulate the cellular behaviour of keloid formation, affect their location and shape in keloids. Herein, we review the extensive literature on the effects of these factors on keloids and the contributing predisposing mechanisms. Early understanding of these participating factors and their effects in developing keloids may raise the patient awareness in preventing keloids incidence and controlling its severity. Moreover, further studies into their association with keloids as well as considering strategies to control such factors may help clinicians to prevent keloids and widen the therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Xia
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Teruyuki Dohi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Mohamed Abdelhakim
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Mamiko Tosa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
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Chen HD, Ye Z, Hu HF, Fan GX, Hu YH, Li Z, Li BR, Ji SR, Zhou CJ, Xu XW, Yu XJ, Qin Y. SMAD4 endows TGF-β1-induced highly invasive tumor cells with ferroptosis vulnerability in pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:844-856. [PMID: 38057506 PMCID: PMC10943101 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy prone to recurrence and metastasis. Studies show that tumor cells with increased invasive and metastatic potential are more likely to undergo ferroptosis. SMAD4 is a critical molecule in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which affects the TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. SMAD4 loss is observed in more than half of patients with PDAC. In this study, we investigated whether SMAD4-positive PDAC cells were prone to ferroptosis because of their high invasiveness. We showed that SMAD4 status almost determined the orientation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT via the SMAD4-dependent canonical pathway in PDAC, which altered ferroptosis vulnerability. We identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which inhibited ferroptosis, as a SMAD4 down-regulated gene by RNA sequencing. We found that SMAD4 bound to the promoter of GPX4 and decreased GPX4 transcription in PDAC. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced high invasiveness enhanced sensitivity of SMAD4-positive organoids and pancreas xenograft models to the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3). Moreover, SMAD4 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine combined with RSL3 in highly invasive PDAC cells. This study provides new ideas for the treatment of PDAC, especially SMAD4-positive PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-di Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Feng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Xiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Heng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo-Rui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shun-Rong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Jie Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Koltai T. Genetic Signature of Human Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Targeting. Cells 2024; 13:602. [PMID: 38607041 PMCID: PMC11011857 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Surgery, being the treatment of choice, is only possible in 20% of symptomatic patients. The main reason is that when it becomes symptomatic, IT IS the tumor is usually locally advanced and/or has metastasized to distant organs; thus, early diagnosis is infrequent. The lack of specific early symptoms is an important cause of late diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic tumor markers become positive at a late stage, and there is a lack of early-stage markers. Surgical and non-surgical cases are treated with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and the results are usually poor. However, personalized targeted therapy directed against tumor drivers may improve this situation. Until recently, many pancreatic tumor driver genes/proteins were considered untargetable. Chemical and physical characteristics of mutated KRAS are a formidable challenge to overcome. This situation is slowly changing. For the first time, there are candidate drugs that can target the main driver gene of pancreatic cancer: KRAS. Indeed, KRAS inhibition has been clinically achieved in lung cancer and, at the pre-clinical level, in pancreatic cancer as well. This will probably change the very poor outlook for this disease. This paper reviews the genetic characteristics of sporadic and hereditary predisposition to pancreatic cancer and the possibilities of a personalized treatment according to the genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Oncomed, Via Pier Capponi 6, 50132 Florence, Italy
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Stefanoudakis D, Frountzas M, Schizas D, Michalopoulos NV, Drakaki A, Toutouzas KG. Significance of TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4 and KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2827-2844. [PMID: 38666907 PMCID: PMC11049225 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review demonstrates the major tumor suppressor genes, including TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4, associated with pancreatic cancer. Each gene's role, prevalence and impact on tumor development and progression are analyzed, focusing on the intricate molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer. In addition, this review underscores the prognostic significance of specific mutations, such as loss of TP53, and explores some potential targeted therapies tailored to these molecular signatures. The findings highlight the importance of genomic analyses for risk assessment, early detection and the design of personalized treatment approaches in pancreatic cancer. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular intricacies of pancreatic tumors, paving the way for more effective and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stefanoudakis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Konstantinos G. Toutouzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
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Zhou Y, Li L, Sun Z, Liu R, Zhu Y, Yi J, Li Y, Hu M, Wang D. Structural characterization and osteogenic differentiation-promoting activity of polysaccharide purified from Chroogomphus rutilus. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121709. [PMID: 38220343 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Chroogomphus rutilus (CR) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties. However, studies are yet to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of the fungi and its polysaccharides. Therefore, this study is aimed at characterizing and evaluating the anti-osteoporotic effects of a novel polysaccharide from CR. The neutral polysaccharide CRP2 extracted and purified from the fruiting body of CR had a molecular weight of 20.41 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that CRP2 is composed of galactose, glucose, fucose, and mannose. The backbone of CRP2 primarily consisted of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → residues, with specific site substitutions speculated at partial positions, such as O-CH3 substitution at H-3 position, or a branch site located at C-2, including α-L-Fucp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and α-D-Manp-(1→. CRP2 treatment increased trabecular bone density, restored a network-shaped structure, and upregulated the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in the femoral tissue of mice with osteoporosis (OP). Additionally, CRP2 treatment suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the femoral tissue of mice with OP. Mechanistically, CRP2 exerted anti-OP effect by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenesis through the transforming growth factor β-1/Smad pathway. Conclusively, these findings augment our understanding of the potential role of CRP2 in OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zhen Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | | | - Yutong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Hashemi Z, Hui T, Wu A, Matouba D, Zukowski S, Nejati S, Lim C, Bruzzese J, Seabold K, Mills C, Lin C, Wrath K, Wang H, Wang H, Verzi MP, Perekatt A. Smad4 Loss in the Mouse Intestinal Epithelium Alleviates the Pathological Fibrotic Response to Injury in the Colon. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.578000. [PMID: 38559102 PMCID: PMC10979917 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.578000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal healing is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Unresolved injury and inflammation, on the other hand, increases pathological fibrosis and the predisposition to cancer. Loss of Smad4, a tumor suppressor, is known to increase colitis-associated cancer in mouse models of chronic IBD. Since common biological processes are involved in both injury repair and tumor growth, we sought to investigate the effect of Smad4 loss on the response to epithelial injury. To this end, Smad4 was knocked out specifically in the intestinal epithelium and transcriptomic and morphological changes compared between wild type mice and Smad4 knock out mice after DSS-induced injury. We find that Smad4 loss alleviates pathological fibrosis and enhances mucosal repair. The transcriptomic changes specific to epithelium indicate molecular changes that affect epithelial extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote enhanced mucosal repair. These findings suggest that the biological processes that promote wound healing alleviate the pathological fibrotic response to DSS. Therefore, these mucosal repair processes could be exploited to develop therapies that promote normal wound healing and prevent fibrosis. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY We show that transcriptomic changes due to Smad4 loss in the colonic epithelium alleviates the pathological fibrotic response to DSS in an IBD mouse model of acute inflammation. Most notably, we find that collagen deposition in the epithelial ECM, as opposed to that in the lamina propria, correlates with epithelial changes that enhance wound healing. This is the first report on a mouse model providing alleviated fibrotic response in a DSS-IBD mouse model in vivo .
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Liu X, Song S, Wang G, Zhang Y, Su H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang X, Yu Z. Upregulated LncRNA-Meg3 modulates the proliferation and survival of MEPM cells via interacting with Smad signaling in TCDD-induced cleft palate. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114410. [PMID: 38128685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in utero can result in high rates of cleft palate (CP) formation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. In vivo, the lncRNA Meg3 was upregulated following TCDD treatment in CP-associated murine embryonic palatal tissue, with concomitant changes in proliferative and apoptotic activity in these murine embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. Meg3 can modulate the TGF-β/Smad to control the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of cells. Accordingly, TCCD and TGF-β1 were herein used to treat MEPM cells in vitro, revealing that while TCDD exposure altered the proliferative activity and apoptotic death of these cells, exogenous TGF-β1 exposure antagonized these effects via TGF-β/Smad signaling. TCDD promoted Meg3 upregulation, whereas TGF-β1 suppressed TCDD-driven upregulation of this lncRNA. Meg3 was additionally determined to directly interact with Smad2, with significant Meg3 enrichment in Smad2-immunoprecipitates following TCDD treatment. When Meg3 was silenced, the impact of TCDD on Smad signaling, proliferative activity, and apoptosis were ablated, while the effects of exogenous TGF-β1 were unchanged. This supports a model wherein Meg3 is upregulated in TCDD-exposed palatal tissue whereupon it can interact with Smad2 to suppress Smad-dependent signaling, thus controlling MEPM cell proliferation and apoptosis, contributing to TCDD-induced CP, which provides a theoretical support for the precautions of cleft palate induced by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuaixing Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guoxu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hexin Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zengli Yu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China.
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S M N Mydin RB, Azlan A, Okekpa SI, Gooderham NJ. Regulatory role of miRNAs in nasopharyngeal cancer involving PTEN/PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/SMAD, RAS/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and pRB-E2F signaling pathways: A review. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3945. [PMID: 38362935 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small and conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. These groups of RNAs are crucial in various cellular processes, especially in mediating disease pathogenesis, particularly cancer. The dysregulation of miRNAs was reported in many cancer types, including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), which is a malignant tumor of the nasopharynx. In this review, miRNAs involvement in crucial signaling pathways associated with NPC such as PTEN/PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/SMAD, RAS/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and pRB-E2F was investigated. miRNAs could function as tumor suppressor-miR or onco-miR in NPC profoundly influenced cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and metastasis. This comprehensive review of current literature provided a thorough profile of miRNAs and their interplay with the aforementioned signaling pathways in NPC. Understanding these molecular interactions could remarkably impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Azlan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- School of General and Foundation Studies, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University), Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Simon I Okekpa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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50
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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