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Espino-Gonzalez E, Dalbram E, Mounier R, Gondin J, Farup J, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1204-1236. [PMID: 38490209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and healthcare expenditures. It is now well established that diabetes is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology that limits functional capacity and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes is also one of the most prevalent disorders characterized by impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, yet underlying mechanisms and therapeutic treatments remain poorly established. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular alterations currently known to occur during skeletal muscle regeneration in people with diabetes and animal models of diabetes, including its associated comorbidities, e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. We describe the role of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types on muscle regeneration in conditions with or without diabetes. Therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and gaps in our knowledge are also discussed, while proposing future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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Liu G, Wei J, Xiao W, Xie W, Ru Q, Chen L, Wu Y, Mobasheri A, Li Y. Insights into the Notch signaling pathway in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders: Mechanisms and perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115884. [PMID: 37981460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are a group of age-related diseases of the locomotive system that severely affects the patient's ability to work and cause adverse sequalae such as fractures and even death. The incidence and prevalence of degenerative musculoskeletal disorders is rising owing to the aging of the world's population. The Notch signaling pathway, which is expressed in almost all organ systems, extensively regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as cellular fate. Notch signaling shows increased activity in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders and retards the progression of degeneration to some extent. The review focuses on four major degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia) and summarizes the pathophysiological functions of Notch signaling in these disorders, especially its role in stem/progenitor cells in each disorder. Finally, a conclusion will be presented to explore the research and application of the perspectives on Notch signaling in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Clinical Medical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.
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Ferrucci L, Candia J, Ubaida-Mohien C, Lyaskov A, Banskota N, Leeuwenburgh C, Wohlgemuth S, Guralnik JM, Kaileh M, Zhang D, Sufit R, De S, Gorospe M, Munk R, Peterson CA, McDermott MM. Transcriptomic and Proteomic of Gastrocnemius Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:1428-1443. [PMID: 37154037 PMCID: PMC10213145 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few effective therapies exist to improve lower extremity muscle pathology and mobility loss due to peripheral artery disease (PAD), in part because mechanisms associated with functional impairment remain unclear. METHODS To better understand mechanisms of muscle impairment in PAD, we performed in-depth transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 31 PAD participants (mean age, 69.9 years) and 29 age- and sex-matched non-PAD controls (mean age, 70.0 years) free of diabetes or limb-threatening ischemia. RESULTS Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggested activation of hypoxia-compensatory mechanisms in PAD muscle, including inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, unfolded protein response, and nerve and muscle repair. Stoichiometric proportions of mitochondrial respiratory proteins were aberrant in PAD compared to non-PAD, suggesting that respiratory proteins not in complete functional units are not removed by mitophagy, likely contributing to abnormal mitochondrial activity. Supporting this hypothesis, greater mitochondrial respiratory protein abundance was significantly associated with greater complex II and complex IV respiratory activity in non-PAD but not in PAD. Rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, were less abundant in muscle of people with PAD compared with non-PAD participants, suggesting diminished glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In PAD muscle, hypoxia induces accumulation of mitochondria respiratory proteins, reduced activity of rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes, and an enhanced integrated stress response that modulates protein translation. These mechanisms may serve as targets for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexey Lyaskov
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- University of Florida, Institute on Aging, Department of Physiology and Aging, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie Wohlgemuth
- University of Florida, Institute on Aging, Department of Physiology and Aging, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jack M. Guralnik
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Sufit
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Peterson
- Center for Muscle Biology. College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary M. McDermott
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wang MM, Guo HX, Huang YY, Liu WB, Wang X, Xiao K, Xiong W, Hua HK, Li XF, Jiang GZ. Dietary Leucine Supplementation Improves Muscle Fiber Growth and Development by Activating AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway in Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:7285851. [PMID: 36860449 PMCID: PMC9973133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7285851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research is aimed at evaluating the effects of leucine supplementation on muscle fibers growth and development of blunt snout bream through a feeding trial and a primary muscle cells treatment. An 8-week trial with diets containing 1.61% leucine (LL) or 2.15% leucine (HL) was conducted in blunt snout bream (mean initial weight = 56.56 ± 0.83 g). Results demonstrated that the specific gain rate and the condition factor of fish in the HL group were the highest. The essential amino acids content of fish fed HL diets was significantly higher than that fed LL diets. The texture (hardness, springiness, resilience, and chewiness), the small-sized fiber ratio, fibers density, and sarcomere lengths in fish all obtained the highest in the HL group. Additionally, the proteins expression related with the activation of the AMPK pathway (p-Ampk, Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, and Sirt1) and the expression of genes (myogenin (myog), myogenic regulatory factor 4 (mrf4) and myoblast determination protein (myod), and protein (Pax7) related to muscle fiber formation were significantly upregulated with increasing level of dietary leucine. In vitro, the muscle cells were treated with 0, 40 and 160 mg/L leucine for 24 h. The results showed that treated with 40 mg/L leucine significantly raised the protein expressions of BCKDHA, Ampk, p-Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, Sirt1, and Pax7 and the gene expressions of myog, mrf4, and myogenic factor 5 (myf5) in muscle cells. In summary, leucine supplementation promoted muscle fibers growth and development, which may be related to the activation of BCKDH and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang-mang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang-yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-kun Hua
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang-zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
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Potential Satellite Cell-Linked Biomarkers in Aging Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Proteomics and Proteogenomics to Monitor Sarcopenia. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10030029. [PMID: 35997441 PMCID: PMC9396989 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging which causes an involution of muscle function and strength. Satellite cells (Sc) are myogenic stem cells, which are activated by injury or stress, and repair muscle tissue. With advancing age, there is a decrease in the efficiency of the regenerative response of Sc. Diagnosis occurs with the Sp established by direct assessments of muscle. However, the detection of biomarkers in real-time biofluids by liquid biopsy could represent a step-change in the understanding of the molecular biology and heterogeneity of Sp. A total of 13 potential proteogenomic biomarkers of Sp by their physiological and biological interaction with Sc have been previously described in the literature. Increases in the expression of GDF11, PGC-1α, Sirt1, Pax7, Pax3, Myf5, MyoD, CD34, MyoG, and activation of Notch signaling stimulate Sc activity and proliferation, which could modulate and delay Sp progression. On the contrary, intensified expression of GDF8, p16INK4a, Mrf4, and activation of the Wnt pathway would contribute to early Sp development by directly inducing reduced and/or altered Sc function, which would attenuate the restorative capacity of skeletal muscle. Additionally, tissue biopsy remains an important diagnostic tool. Proteomic profiling of aged muscle tissues has shown shifts toward protein isoforms characteristic of a fast-to-slow transition process and an elevated number of oxidized proteins. In addition, a strong association between age and plasma values of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been described and serpin family A member 3 (serpin A3n) was more secreted by atrophied muscle cells. The identification of these new biomarkers holds the potential to change personalized medicine because it could predict in real time the course of Sp by monitoring its evolution and assessing responses to potential therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Cultured Myoblasts Derived from Rat Soleus Muscle Show Altered Regulation of Proliferation and Myogenesis during the Course of Mechanical Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169150. [PMID: 36012431 PMCID: PMC9409304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of soleus muscle fibers undergo substantial remodeling under real or simulated microgravity conditions. However, unloading-induced changes in the functional activity of skeletal muscle primary myoblasts remain poorly studied. The purpose of our study was to investigate how short-term and long-term mechanical unloading would affect cultured myoblasts derived from rat soleus muscle. Mechanical unloading was simulated by rat hindlimb suspension model (HS). Myoblasts were purified from rat soleus at basal conditions and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of HS. Myoblasts were expanded in vitro, and the myogenic nature was confirmed by their ability to differentiate as well as by immunostaining/mRNA expression of myogenic markers. The proliferation activity at different time points after HS was analyzed, and transcriptome analysis was performed. We have shown that soleus-derived myoblasts differently respond to an early and later stage of HS. At the early stage of HS, the proliferative activity of myoblasts was slightly decreased, and processes related to myogenesis activation were downregulated. At the later stage of HS, we observed a decrease in myoblast proliferative potential and spontaneous upregulation of the pro-myogenic program.
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Koike TE, Fuziwara CS, Brum PC, Kimura ET, Rando TA, Miyabara EH. Muscle Stem Cell Function Is Impaired in β2-Adrenoceptor Knockout Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2431-2443. [PMID: 35244862 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knockout (ko) mice for the β2 adrenoceptor (Adrβ2) have impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, suggesting that this receptor is important for muscle stem cell (satellite cell) function. Here, we investigated the role of Adrβ2 in the function of satellite cells from β2ko mice in the context of muscle regeneration, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of self-renewed Pax7+ satellite cells, proliferating Pax7+/MyoD+ myogenic precursor cells, and regenerating eMHC+ myofibers in regenerating muscle of β2ko mice at 30, 3, and 10 days post-injury, respectively. Quiescent satellite cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and cell cycle entry was assessed by EdU incorporation. The results demonstrated a lower number of proliferating Pax7+/EdU+ satellite cells from β2ko mice. There was an increase in the gene expression of the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a and Notch pathway components and the activation of Notch signaling in proliferating myoblasts from β2ko mice. There was a decrease in the number of myogenin-positive nuclei in myofibers maintained in differentiation media, and a lower fusion index in differentiating myoblasts from β2ko mice. Furthermore, the gene expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components, the expression of nuclear β-catenin and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased in differentiating myoblasts from β2ko mice. These results indicate that Adrβ2 plays a crucial role in satellite cell self-renewal, as well as in myoblast proliferation and differentiation by regulating Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415. CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar S Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna T Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415. CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Gerrard JC, Hay JP, Adams RN, Williams JC, Huot JR, Weathers KM, Marino JS, Arthur ST. Current Thoughts of Notch's Role in Myoblast Regulation and Muscle-Associated Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312558. [PMID: 34886282 PMCID: PMC8657396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway Notch is unequivocally essential for embryogenesis. Notch’s contribution to the muscle repair process in adult tissue is complex and obscure but necessary. Notch integrates with other signals in a functional antagonist manner to direct myoblast activity and ultimately complete muscle repair. There is profound recent evidence describing plausible mechanisms of Notch in muscle repair. However, the story is not definitive as evidence is slowly emerging that negates Notch’s importance in myoblast proliferation. The purpose of this review article is to examine the prominent evidence and associated mechanisms of Notch’s contribution to the myogenic repair phases. In addition, we discuss the emerging roles of Notch in diseases associated with muscle atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of Notch’s orchestration is useful for developing therapeutic targets for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Gerrard
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Jamison P. Hay
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Adams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - James C. Williams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Kaitlin M. Weathers
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Ruby CL, Major RJ, Hinrichsen RD. Regulation of tissue regeneration by the circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3576-3597. [PMID: 33893679 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a highly conserved transcriptional/translational feedback loop that maintains approximately 24-hr periodicity from cellular to organismal levels. Much research effort is being devoted to understanding how the outputs of the master clock affect peripheral oscillators, and in turn, numerous biological processes. Recent studies have revealed roles for circadian timing in the regulation of numerous cellular behaviours in support of complex tissue regeneration. One such role involves the interaction between the circadian clockwork and the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms that control the cell cycle create a system of regulation that allows for high fidelity DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. In recent years, it has become clear that clock gene products are required for proper DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, and conversely, elements of the cell cycle cascade feedback to influence molecular circadian timing mechanisms. It is through this crosstalk that the circadian system orchestrates stem cell proliferation, niche exit and control of the signalling pathways that govern differentiation and self-renewal. In this review, we discuss the evidence for circadian control of tissue homeostasis and repair and suggest new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Major
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
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10
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Zhang YJ, Yao Y, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Zhang P, Li FR, Wang ZH, Liu D, Lv YB, Kang L, Shi XM, Mao C. Association of regular aerobic exercises and neuromuscular junction variants with incidence of frailty: an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:350-357. [PMID: 33527771 PMCID: PMC8061381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidate genes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathway increased risk of frailty, but the extent and whether can be offset by exercises was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aerobic exercises and incident frailty regardless of NMJ pathway-related genetic risk. METHODS A cohort study on participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7006 participants (mean age of 80.6 ± 10.3 years) without frailty at baseline were interviewed to record aerobic exercise status, and 4053 individuals among them submitted saliva samples. NMJ pathway-related genes were genotyped and weighted genetic risk scores were constructed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (19 634 person-years), there were 1345 cases (19.2%) of incident frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises were associated with a 26% lesser frailty risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.85]. This association was stronger in a subgroup of 1552 longevous participants (age between 90 and 111 years, adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87). High genetic risk was associated with a 35% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58). Of the participants with high genetic risk and no persistent aerobic exercises, there was a 59% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09). HRs for the risk of frailty increased from the low genetic risk with persistent aerobic exercise to high genetic risk without persistent aerobic exercise (P trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic exercises and NMJ pathway-related genetic risk were significantly associated with frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises can partly offset NMJ pathway-related genetic risk to frailty in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-He Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Zhang H, Liang J, Chen N. Do not neglect the role of circadian rhythm in muscle atrophy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101155. [PMID: 32882420 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role in movement, human skeletal muscle also plays important roles in physiological activities related to metabolism and the endocrine system. Aging and disease onset and progression can induce the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and function, thereby exacerbating skeletal muscle atrophy. Recent studies have confirmed that skeletal muscle atrophy is mainly controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, the activation of satellite cells, and mitochondrial quality in skeletal muscle. Circadian rhythm is an internal rhythm related to an organism's adaptation to light-dark or day-night cycles of the planet, and consists of a core biological clock and a peripheral biological clock. Skeletal muscle, as the most abundant tissue in the human body, is an essential part of the peripheral biological clock in humans. Increasing evidence has confirmed that maintaining a normal circadian rhythm can be beneficial for increasing protein content, improving mitochondrial quality, and stimulating regeneration and repairing of cells in skeletal muscle to prevent or alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of circadian rhythm in delaying skeletal muscle atrophy, which will provide a theoretical reference for incorporating aspects of circadian rhythm to the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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12
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Rønning SB, Carlson CR, Aronsen JM, Pisconti A, Høst V, Lunde M, Liland KH, Sjaastad I, Kolset SO, Christensen G, Pedersen ME. Syndecan-4 -/- Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:730. [PMID: 32850844 PMCID: PMC7411008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for skeletal muscle development and adaption in response to environmental cues such as exercise and injury. The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be essential for muscle differentiation, but few molecular mechanisms are known. Syndecan-4–/– mice are unable to regenerate damaged muscle, and display deficient satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. A reduced myofiber basal lamina has also been reported in syndecan-4–/– muscle, indicating possible defects in ECM production. To get a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, we have here investigated the effects of syndecan-4 genetic ablation on molecules involved in ECM remodeling and muscle growth, both under steady state conditions and in response to exercise. Methods Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from sedentary and exercised syndecan-4–/– and WT mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and western blotting. Results Compared to WT, we found that syndecan-4–/– mice had reduced body weight, reduced muscle weight, muscle fibers with a smaller cross-sectional area, and reduced expression of myogenic regulatory transcription factors. Sedentary syndecan-4–/– had also increased mRNA levels of syndecan-2, decorin, collagens, fibromodulin, biglycan, and LOX. Some of these latter ECM components were reduced at protein level, suggesting them to be more susceptible to degradation or less efficiently translated when syndecan-4 is absent. At the protein level, TRPC7 was reduced, whereas activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 pathways were increased. Finally, although exercise induced upregulation of several of these components in WT, a further upregulation of these molecules was not observed in exercised syndecan-4–/– mice. Conclusion Altogether our data suggest an important role of syndecan-4 in muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Addolorata Pisconti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Olav Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Mechanisms regulating myoblast fusion: A multilevel interplay. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:81-92. [PMID: 32063453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion into myotubes is one of the crucial steps of skeletal muscle development (myogenesis). The fusion is preceded by specification of a myogenic lineage (mesodermal progenitors) differentiating into myoblasts and is followed by myofiber-type specification and neuromuscular junction formation. Similarly to other processes of myogenesis, the fusion requires a very precise spatial and temporal regulation occuring both during embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair of the muscle. A plethora of genes and their products is involved in regulation of myoblast fusion and a precise multilevel interplay between them is crucial for myogenic cells to fuse. In this review, we describe both cellular events taking place during myoblast fusion (migration, adhesion, elongation, cell-cell recognition, alignment, and fusion of myoblast membranes enabling formation of myotubes) as well as recent findings on mechanisms regulating this process. Also, we present muscle disorders in humans that have been associated with defects in genes involved in regulation of myoblast fusion.
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14
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Gu L, Wang F, Lin Z, Xu T, Lin D, Xing M, Yang S, Chao Z, Ye B, Lin P, Hui C, Lu L, Hou S. Genetic characteristics of Jiaji Duck by whole genome re-sequencing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228964. [PMID: 32049997 PMCID: PMC7015413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiaji Duck (JJ) is a Muscovy duck species that possesses many superior characteristics, and it has become an important genetic resource in China. However, to date, its genetic characteristics and genetic relationship with other duck breeds have not been explored yet, which greatly limits the utilization of JJ. In the present study, we investigated the genome sequences of 15 individual ducks representing five different duck populations, including JJ, French Muscovy duck (FF), mallard (YD), hong duck (HD) and Beijing duck (BD). Moreover, we investigated the characteristics of JJ-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared the genome sequences of JJ vs. YD and JJ vs. BD using integrated strategies, including mutation detection, selective screening, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. More than 40 Gb of clean data were obtained for each population (mean coverage of 13.46 Gb per individual). A total number of 22,481,367 SNPs and 4,156,829 small insertion-deletions (Indels) were identified for the five duck populations, which could be used as molecular markers in breeding and utilization of JJ. Moreover, we identified 1,447,932 JJ-specific SNPs, and found that genes covering at least one JJ-specific SNP mainly involved in protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, as well as DNA modification. Phylogenetic tree and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that the genetic relationship of JJ was closest to FF, while it was farthest to BD. A total of 120 and 111 genes were identified as positive selection genes for JJ vs. BD and JJ vs. YD, respectively. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the positive selection genes for JJ vs. BD ducks mainly involved in pigmentation, muscle contraction and stretch, gland secretion, and immunology, while the positive selection genes obtained from JJ vs. YD ducks mainly involved in embryo development, muscle contraction and stretch, and gland secretion. Taken together, our findings enabled us to better understand the characteristics of JJ and provided a molecular basis for the breeding and hybrid utilization of JJ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gu
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Zhemin Lin
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Dajie Lin
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Manping Xing
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxiong Yang
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Ye
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Hainan Chuanwei Muscovy Duck Breeding Co., Ltd, Wenchang, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Hui
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Smad7:β-catenin complex regulates myogenic gene transcription. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 31097718 PMCID: PMC6522533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that Smad7 promotes skeletal muscle differentiation and growth. We previously documented a non-canonical role of nuclear Smad7 during myogenesis, independent of its role in TGF-β signaling. Here further characterization of the myogenic function of Smad7 revealed β-catenin as a Smad7 interacting protein. Biochemical analysis identified a Smad7 interaction domain (SID) between aa575 and aa683 of β-catenin. Reporter gene analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Smad7 and β-catenin are cooperatively recruited to the extensively characterized ckm promoter proximal region to facilitate its muscle restricted transcriptional activation in myogenic cells. Depletion of endogenous Smad7 and β-catenin in muscle cells reduced ckm promoter activity indicating their role during myogenesis. Deletion of the β-catenin SID substantially reduced the effect of Smad7 on the ckm promoter and exogenous expression of SID abolished β-catenin function, indicating that SID functions as a trans dominant-negative regulator of β-catenin activity. β-catenin interaction with the Mediator kinase complex through its Med12 subunit led us to identify MED13 as an additional Smad7-binding partner. Collectively, these studies document a novel function of a Smad7-MED12/13-β-catenin complex at the ckm locus, indicating a key role of this complex in the program of myogenic gene expression underlying skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
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16
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Nakayama KH, Shayan M, Huang NF. Engineering Biomimetic Materials for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801168. [PMID: 30725530 PMCID: PMC6589032 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is highly regenerative following injury or disease, endogenous self-regeneration is severely impaired in conditions of volume traumatic muscle loss. Consequently, tissue engineering approaches are a promising means to regenerate skeletal muscle. Biological scaffolds serve as not only structural support for the promotion of cellular ingrowth but also impart potent modulatory signaling cues that may be beneficial for tissue regeneration. In this work, the progress of tissue engineering approaches for skeletal muscle engineering and regeneration is overviewed, with a focus on the techniques to create biomimetic engineered tissue using extracellular cues. These factors include mechanical and electrical stimulation, geometric patterning, and delivery of growth factors or other bioactive molecules. The progress of evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches in preclinical models of muscle injury is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mahdis Shayan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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17
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Preparation of Proliferated Bovine Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells for Bottom-Up Proteomics by LC-MSMS Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1889:255-266. [PMID: 30367419 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
This chapter outlines a method for sample preparation for bottom-up proteomics by LC-MSMS analysis of in vitro proliferated bovine primary skeletal muscle cells. The protocol describes the isolation of bovine primary skeletal muscle cells, extraction of proteins, proteolytic digestion of proteins, and desalting of the final peptide samples. The final peptide samples can be analyzed using various LC-MSMS systems after reconstitution in a suitable elution buffer.
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18
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Vitamin K2 improves proliferation and migration of bovine skeletal muscle cells in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195432. [PMID: 29617432 PMCID: PMC5884547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function is highly dependent on the ability to regenerate, however, during ageing or disease, the proliferative capacity is reduced, leading to loss of muscle function. We have previously demonstrated the presence of vitamin K2 in bovine skeletal muscles, but whether vitamin K has a role in muscle regulation and function is unknown. In this study, we used primary bovine skeletal muscle cells, cultured in monolayers in vitro, to assess a potential effect of vitamin K2 (MK-4) during myogenesis of muscle cells. Cell viability experiments demonstrate that the amount of ATP produced by the cells was unchanged when MK-4 was added, indicating viable cells. Cytotoxicity analysis show that MK-4 reduced the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the media, suggesting that MK-4 was beneficial to the muscle cells. Cell migration, proliferation and differentiation was characterised after MK-4 incubation using wound scratch analysis, immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR analysis. Adding MK-4 to the cells led to an increased muscle proliferation, increased gene expression of the myogenic transcription factor myod as well as increased cell migration. In addition, we observed a reduction in the fusion index and relative gene expression of muscle differentiation markers, with fewer complex myotubes formed in MK-4 stimulated cells compared to control cells, indicating that the MK-4 plays a significant role during the early phases of muscle proliferation. Likewise, we see the same pattern for the relative gene expression of collagen 1A, showing increased gene expression in proliferating cells, and reduced expression in differentiating cells. Our results also suggest that MK-4 incubation affect low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) with a peak in gene expression after 45 min of MK-4 incubation. Altogether, our experiments show that MK-4 has a positive effect on muscle cell migration and proliferation, which are two important steps during early myogenesis.
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19
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Li EW, McKee-Muir OC, Gilbert PM. Cellular Biomechanics in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 126:125-176. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Immortalized Muscle Cell Model to Test the Exon Skipping Efficacy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7040013. [PMID: 29035327 PMCID: PMC5748625 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic disorder that most commonly results from mutations disrupting the reading frame of the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Among the therapeutic approaches employed, exon skipping using antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) is one of the most promising strategies. This strategy aims to restore the reading frame, thus producing a truncated, yet functioning dystrophin protein. In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conditionally approved the first AO-based drug, eteplirsen (Exondys 51), developed for DMD exon 51 skipping. An accurate and reproducible method to quantify exon skipping efficacy is essential for evaluating the therapeutic potential of different AOs sequences. However, previous in vitro screening studies have been hampered by the limited proliferative capacity and insufficient amounts of dystrophin expressed by primary muscle cell lines that have been the main system used to evaluate AOs sequences. In this paper, we illustrate the challenges associated with primary muscle cell lines and describe a novel approach that utilizes immortalized cell lines to quantitatively evaluate the exon skipping efficacy in in vitro studies.
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21
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Safaee H, Bakooshli MA, Davoudi S, Cheng RY, Martowirogo AJ, Li EW, Simmons CA, Gilbert PM. Tethered Jagged-1 Synergizes with Culture Substrate Stiffness to Modulate Notch-Induced Myogenic Progenitor Differentiation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:501-513. [PMID: 31719873 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Notch signaling is amongst the key intrinsic mechanisms regulating satellite cell fate, promoting the transition of activated satellite cells to highly proliferative myogenic progenitor cells and preventing their premature differentiation. Although much is known about the biochemical milieu that drives myogenic progression, less is known about the spatial cues providing spatiotemporal control of skeletal muscle repair in the context of Notch signaling. Methods Using a murine injury model, we quantified in vivo biophysical changes that occur within the skeletal muscle during regeneration. Employing tunable poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel substrates, we modeled the measured changes in bulk stiffness in the context of Notch ligand signaling, which are present in the regenerative milieu at the time of injury. Results Following injury, there is a transient increase in the bulk stiffness of the tibialis anterior muscle that may be explained in part by changes in extracellular matrix deposition. When presented to primary myoblasts, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and Dll1 in a tethered format elicited greater degrees of Notch activity compared to their soluble form. Only tethered Jagged-1 effects were tuned by substrate stiffness, with the greatest Notch activation observed on stiff hydrogels matching the stiffness of regenerating muscle. When exposed to tethered Jagged-1 on stiff hydrogels, fewer primary myoblasts expressed myogenin, and pharmacological inhibitor studies suggest this effect is Notch and RhoA dependent. Conclusion Our study proposes that tethered Jagged-1 presented in the context of transient tissue stiffening serves to tune Notch activity in myogenic progenitors during skeletal muscle repair and delay differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Safaee
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Mohsen A Bakooshli
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Richard Y Cheng
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Aditya J Martowirogo
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Edward W Li
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada.,3Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON Canada.,6Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Rm. 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
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22
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Geng Y, Mi J, Gao H, Jia H, Wang W. Spatiotemporal expression of Wnt3a during striated muscle complex development in rat embryos with ethylenethiourea-induced anorectal malformations. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1601-1606. [PMID: 28260053 PMCID: PMC5364994 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) continue to experience fecal incontinence and constipation following surgical procedures. One of the most important factors that influences defecation is the striated muscle complex (SMC). Wnt signaling regulates the expression of myogenic regulatory factors, which serve an important role in muscle development. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of Wnt3a protein (by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis) and mRNA [by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)] in the SMC of ARM model rats that were exposed to ethylenethiourea. Immunostaining revealed that the expression of Wnt3a exhibits space- and time-dependent changes in the developing SMC of ARM model rat embryos. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that on embryonic day 17 (E17), Wnt3a-positive cells were observed in the SMC in normal embryos, and expression levels gradually increased as the rat embryos developed. Similar changes in Wnt3a protein expression were detected in ARM model rat embryos; however, the expression of Wnt3a was significantly reduced compared with the normal rat embryos. Western blotting and RT-qPCR also revealed lower expression levels of Wnt3a protein and mRNA, respectively, in the SMC of ARMs model rat embryos compared with normal rat embryos. These data revealed that the expression of Wnt3a in ARM embryos was notably reduced, indicating a potential role for Wnt3a in the maldevelopment of the SMC in patients with ARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Dabrowska M, Skoneczny M, Zielinski Z, Rode W. Wnt signaling in regulation of biological functions of the nurse cell harboring Trichinella spp. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:483. [PMID: 27589866 PMCID: PMC5010673 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nurse cell (NC) constitutes in mammalian skeletal muscles a confined intracellular niche to support the metabolic needs of muscle larvae of Trichinella spp. encapsulating species. The main biological functions of NC were identified as hypermitogenic growth arrest and pro-inflammatory phenotype, both inferred to depend on AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcription factor. Since those functions, as well as AP-1 activity, are known to be regulated among other pathways, also by Wnt (Wingless-Type of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Integration Site) signaling, transcription profiling of molecules participating in Wnt signaling cascades in NC, was performed. Methods Wnt signaling-involved gene expression level was measured by quantitative RT-PCR approach with the use of Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays and complemented by that obtained by searching microarray data sets characterizing NC transcriptome. Results The genes involved in inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade as well as leading to β-catenin degradation were found expressed in NC at high level, indicating inhibition of this cascade activity. High expression in NC of genes transmitting the signal of Wnt non-canonical signaling cascades leading to activation of AP-1 transcription factor, points to predominant role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in a long term maintenance of NC biological functions. Conclusions Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is postulated to play a role at the early stages of NC formation when muscle regeneration process is triggered. Following mis-differentiation of infected myofiber and setting of NC functional specificity, are inferred to be controlled among other pathways, by Wnt non-canonical signaling cascades. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1770-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dabrowska
- Laboratory of Comparative Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego St., Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Zielinski
- Laboratory of Comparative Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rode
- Laboratory of Comparative Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
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Ikeda T, Ichii O, Otsuka-Kanazawa S, Nakamura T, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Degenerative and regenerative features of myofibers differ among skeletal muscles in a murine model of muscular dystrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 37:153-164. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-016-9452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fujimaki S, Wakabayashi T, Asashima M, Takemasa T, Kuwabara T. Treadmill running induces satellite cell activation in diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:6-13. [PMID: 28955935 PMCID: PMC5613654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, termed as satellite cells, play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury in adult skeletal muscle. Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases, causes impairments of satellite cell function. However, the studies of the countermeasures for the DM-induced dysfunction of satellite cells have been poor. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic running exercise on satellite cell activation in diabetic mice focused on the molecular mechanism including Notch and Wnt signaling, which are contribute to the fate determination of satellite cells. Male C57BL/6 mice 4 weeks of age were injected with streptozotocin and were randomly divided into runner group and control group. Runner group mice were performed treadmill running for 4 weeks. DM attenuated satellite cell activation and the expressions of the components of Notch and Wnt signaling. However, chronic running resulted in activation of satellite cells in diabetic mice and salvaged the inactivity of Wnt signaling but not Notch signaling. Our results suggest that chronic running induces satellite cell activation via upregulation of Wnt signaling in diabetic as well as normal mice. Diabetes attenuates satellite cell activation. Diabetes downregulates the activities of Notch and Wnt signaling. Treadmill running activates satellite cells in diabetic mice. Treadmill running can salvage diabetes-induced downregulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Tamami Wakabayashi
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Tomoko Kuwabara
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
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Beaudry M, Hidalgo M, Launay T, Bello V, Darribère T. Regulation of myogenesis by environmental hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2887-96. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In aerobic organisms, oxygen is a critical factor for tissue and organ morphogenesis from embryonic development throughout the adult life. It regulates various intracellular pathways involved in cellular metabolism, proliferation, cell survival and fate. Organisms or tissues rapidly respond to changes in oxygen availability by activating complex signalling networks, which culminate in the control of mRNA translation and/or gene expression. This Commentary presents the effects of hypoxia during embryonic development, myoblasts and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates. We also outline the relationship between Notch, Wnt and growth factor signalling pathways, as well as the post-transcriptional regulation of myogenesis under conditions of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Beaudry
- Université Paris13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA2363, UFR-SMBH, Laboratoire Hypoxie et poumons, Bobigny 93017, Cedex, France
| | - Magdalena Hidalgo
- Université Paris13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA2363, UFR-SMBH, Laboratoire Hypoxie et poumons, Bobigny 93017, Cedex, France
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie), UMR CNRS 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Launay
- Université Paris-Descartes Sorbonne Paris cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Université d’Evry, Unité de Biologie Intégrative Appliquée à l’Exercice EA 7372, 9100 Evry, France
| | - Valérie Bello
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie), UMR CNRS 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Darribère
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie), UMR CNRS 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252, Cedex 05, France
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Goodman CA, Hornberger TA, Robling AG. Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms. Bone 2015; 80:24-36. [PMID: 26453495 PMCID: PMC4600534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone mass is critical for movement, health and issues associated with the quality of life. Skeletal muscle and bone mass are regulated by a variety of factors that include changes in mechanical loading. Moreover, bone mass is, in large part, regulated by muscle-derived mechanical forces and thus by changes in muscle mass/strength. A thorough understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for mechanotransduction in bone and skeletal muscle is essential for the development of effective exercise and pharmaceutical strategies aimed at increasing, and/or preventing the loss of, mass in these tissues. Thus, in this review we will attempt to summarize the current evidence for the major molecular mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle and bone. By examining the differences and similarities in mechanotransduction between these two tissues, it is hoped that this review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future research and promote collaboration between bone and muscle biologists.(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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28
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Yang Y, Sun W, Wang R, Lei C, Zhou R, Tang Z, Li K. Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, is involved in prenatal skeletal muscle development and is a target of miRNA-1/206 in pigs. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:4. [PMID: 25888412 PMCID: PMC4359577 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletal muscle development. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), such as SFRP1, function as inhibitors of Wnt signaling. MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development. Methods To understand the function of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 in swine myogenesis, we first predicted the targets of miRNA-1/206 with the TargetScan and PicTar programs, and analyzed the molecular characterization of the porcine SFRP1 gene. We performed a temporal-spatial expression analysis of SFRP1 mRNA and miRNA-206 in Tongcheng pigs (a Chinese indigenous breed) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conducted the co-expression analyses of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206. Subsequently, the interaction between SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 was validated via dual luciferase and Western blot assays. Results The bioinformatics analysis predicted SFRP1 to be a target of miRNA-1/206. The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. A significant negative correlation was observed between the expression of miR-1/206 and SFRP1 during porcine skeletal muscle development (p <0.05). Dual luciferase assay and Western-blot results demonstrated that SFRP1 was a target of miR-1/206 in porcine iliac endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that the SFRP1 gene is regulated by miR-1/206 and potentially affects skeletal muscle development. These findings increase understanding of the biological functions and the regulation of the SFRP1 gene in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. .,Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China.
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Chatterjee S, Yin H, Nam D, Li Y, Ma K. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through satellite cell expansion. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:200-210. [PMID: 25218946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism governing diverse biological processes and the skeletal muscle possesses intrinsic functional clocks. Interestingly, although the essential clock transcription activator, Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), participates in maintenance of muscle mass, little is known regarding its role in muscle growth and repair. In this report, we investigate the in vivo function of Bmal1 in skeletal muscle regeneration using two muscle injury models. Bmal1 is highly up-regulated by cardiotoxin injury, and its genetic ablation significantly impairs regeneration with markedly suppressed new myofiber formation and attenuated myogenic induction. A similarly defective regenerative response is observed in Bmal1-null mice as compared to wild-type controls upon freeze injury. Lack of satellite cell expansion accounts for the regeneration defect, as Bmal1(-/-) mice display significantly lower satellite cell number with nearly abolished induction of the satellite cell marker, Pax7. Furthermore, satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts devoid of Bmal1 display reduced growth and proliferation ex vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Bmal1 is an integral component of the pro-myogenic response that is required for muscle repair. This mechanism may underlie its role in preserving adult muscle mass and could be targeted therapeutically to prevent muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somik Chatterjee
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongshan Yin
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Deokhwa Nam
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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30
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Zhuang L, Hulin JA, Gromova A, Tran Nguyen TD, Yu RT, Liddle C, Downes M, Evans RM, Makarenkova HP, Meech R. Barx2 and Pax7 have antagonistic functions in regulation of wnt signaling and satellite cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1661-73. [PMID: 24753152 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for myogenesis and can induce muscle progenitors to switch from proliferation to differentiation; how Wnt signals integrate with muscle-specific regulatory factors in this process is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the Barx2 homeobox protein promotes differentiation in cooperation with the muscle regulatory factor (MRF) MyoD. Pax7, another important muscle homeobox factor, represses differentiation. We now identify Barx2, MyoD, and Pax7 as novel components of the Wnt effector complex, providing a new molecular pathway for regulation of muscle progenitor differentiation. Canonical Wnt signaling induces Barx2 expression in muscle progenitors and perturbation of Barx2 leads to misregulation of Wnt target genes. Barx2 activates two endogenous Wnt target promoters as well as the Wnt reporter gene TOPflash, the latter synergistically with MyoD. Moreover, Barx2 interacts with the core Wnt effectors β-catenin and T cell-factor 4 (TCF4), is recruited to TCF/lymphoid enhancer factor sites, and promotes recruitment of β-catenin. In contrast, Pax7 represses the Wnt reporter gene and antagonizes the activating effect of Barx2. Pax7 also binds β-catenin suggesting that Barx2 and Pax7 may compete for interaction with the core Wnt effector complex. Overall, the data show for the first time that Barx2, Pax7, and MRFs can act as direct transcriptional effectors of Wnt signals in myoblasts and that Barx2 and Wnt signaling participate in a regulatory loop. We propose that antagonism between Barx2 and Pax7 in regulation of Wnt signaling may help mediate the switch from myoblast proliferation to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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Silva MT, Wensing LA, Brum PC, Câmara NO, Miyabara EH. Impaired structural and functional regeneration of skeletal muscles from β2-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:617-33. [PMID: 24938737 PMCID: PMC4660878 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims β2-adrenergic stimulation causes beneficial effects on structure and function of regenerating muscles; thus, the β2-adrenoceptor may play an important role in the muscle regenerative process. Here, we investigated the role of the β2-adrenoceptor in skeletal muscle regeneration. Methods Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from β2-adrenoceptor knockout (β2KO) mice were cryolesioned and analysed after 1, 3, 10 and 21 days. The role of β2-adrenoceptor on regenerating muscles was assessed through the analysis of morphological and contractile aspects, M1 and M2 macrophage profile, cAMP content, and activation of TGF-β signalling elements. Results Regenerating muscles from β2KO mice showed decreased calibre of regenerating myofibres and reduced muscle contractile function at 10 days when compared with those from wild type. The increase in cAMP content in muscles at 10 days post-cryolesion was attenuated in the absence of the β2-adrenoceptor. Furthermore, there was an increase in inflammation and in the number of macrophages in regenerating muscles lacking the β2-adrenoceptor at 3 and 10 days, a predominance of M1 macrophage phenotype, a decrease in TβR-I/Smad2/3 activation, and in the Smad4 expression at 3 days, while akirin1 expression increased at 10 days in muscles from β2KO mice when compared to those from wild type. Conclusions Our results suggest that the β2-adrenoceptor contributes to the regulation of the initial phases of muscle regeneration, especially in the control of macrophage recruitment in regenerating muscle through activation of TβR-I/Smad2/3 and reduction in akirin1 expression. These findings have implications for the future development of better therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Silva
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - L. A. Wensing
- Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - P. C. Brum
- Department of Biodynamics School of Physical Education and Sport University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - N. O. Câmara
- Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - E. H. Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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Terragni J, Zhang G, Sun Z, Pradhan S, Song L, Crawford GE, Lacey M, Ehrlich M. Notch signaling genes: myogenic DNA hypomethylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Epigenetics 2014; 9:842-50. [PMID: 24670287 PMCID: PMC4065182 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch intercellular signaling is critical for diverse developmental pathways and for homeostasis in various types of stem cells and progenitor cells. Because Notch gene products need to be precisely regulated spatially and temporally, epigenetics is likely to help control expression of Notch signaling genes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) indicated significant hypomethylation in myoblasts, myotubes, and skeletal muscle vs. many nonmuscle samples at intragenic or intergenic regions of the following Notch receptor or ligand genes: NOTCH1, NOTCH2, JAG2, and DLL1. An enzymatic assay of sites in or near these genes revealed unusually high enrichment of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (up to 81%) in skeletal muscle, heart, and cerebellum. Epigenetics studies and gene expression profiles suggest that hypomethylation and/or hydroxymethylation help control expression of these genes in heart, brain, myoblasts, myotubes, and within skeletal muscle myofibers. Such regulation could promote cell renewal, cell maintenance, homeostasis, and a poised state for repair of tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyi Sun
- New England Biolabs; Ipswich, MA USA
| | | | - Lingyun Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Michelle Lacey
- Tulane Cancer Center and Department of Mathematics; Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane University; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Program in Human Genetics; Tulane Cancer Center; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics; Tulane Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA USA
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Fujimaki S, Hidaka R, Asashima M, Takemasa T, Kuwabara T. Wnt protein-mediated satellite cell conversion in adult and aged mice following voluntary wheel running. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7399-412. [PMID: 24482229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, called satellite cells, play essential roles in regeneration after muscle injury in adult skeletal muscle. Although the molecular mechanism of muscle regeneration process after an injury has been extensively investigated, the regulation of satellite cells under steady state during the adult stage, including the reaction to exercise stimuli, is relatively unknown. Here, we show that voluntary wheel running exercise, which is a low stress exercise, converts satellite cells to the activated state due to accelerated Wnt signaling. Our analysis showed that up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly modulated chromatin structures of both MyoD and Myf5 genes, resulting in increases in the mRNA expression of Myf5 and MyoD and the number of proliferative Pax7(+)Myf5(+) and Pax7(+) MyoD(+) cells in skeletal muscle. The effect of Wnt signaling on the activation of satellite cells, rather than Wnt-mediated fibrosis, was observed in both adult and aged mice. The association of β-catenin, T-cell factor, and lymphoid enhancer transcription factors of multiple T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor regulatory elements, conserved in mouse, rat, and human species, with the promoters of both the Myf5 and MyoD genes drives the de novo myogenesis in satellite cells even in aged muscle. These results indicate that exercise-stimulated extracellular Wnts play a critical role in the regulation of satellite cells in adult and aged skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- From the Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046 and
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Amin H, Vachris J, Hamilton A, Steuerwald N, Howden R, Arthur ST. GSK3β inhibition and LEF1 upregulation in skeletal muscle following a bout of downhill running. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:1-11. [PMID: 23963660 PMCID: PMC10717853 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is important in skeletal muscle repair but has not been well characterized in response to physiological stimuli. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of downhill running (DHR) on components of Wnt signaling. Young, male C57BL/J6 mice were exposed to DHR. Muscle injury and repair (MCadherin) were measured in soleus. Gene and protein expression of Wnt3a, active β-catenin, GSK3β, and LEF1 were measured in gastrocnemius. Muscle injury increased 6 days post-DHR and MCadherin protein increased 5 days post-DHR. Total and active GSK3β protein decreased 3 days (9-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively) post-DHR. LEF1 protein increased 6 days (5-fold) post-DHR. DHR decreased GSK3β and increased LEF1 protein expression, but did not affect other components of Wnt signaling. Due to their applicability, using models of physiological stimuli such as DHR will provide significant insight into cellular mechanisms within muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Amin
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Judy Vachris
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Alicia Hamilton
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Nury Steuerwald
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cannon Research Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Reuben Howden
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Susan Tsivitse Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
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Hoppeler H, Baum O, Lurman G, Mueller M. Molecular mechanisms of muscle plasticity with exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1383-412. [PMID: 23733647 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle phenotype is subject to considerable malleability depending on use. Low-intensity endurance type exercise leads to qualitative changes of muscle tissue characterized mainly by an increase in structures supporting oxygen delivery and consumption. High-load strength-type exercise leads to growth of muscle fibers dominated by an increase in contractile proteins. In low-intensity exercise, stress-induced signaling leads to transcriptional upregulation of a multitude of genes with Ca(2+) signaling and the energy status of the muscle cells sensed through AMPK being major input determinants. Several parallel signaling pathways converge on the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α, perceived as being the coordinator of much of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. High-load training is dominated by a translational upregulation controlled by mTOR mainly influenced by an insulin/growth factor-dependent signaling cascade as well as mechanical and nutritional cues. Exercise-induced muscle growth is further supported by DNA recruitment through activation and incorporation of satellite cells. Crucial nodes of strength and endurance exercise signaling networks are shared making these training modes interdependent. Robustness of exercise-related signaling is the consequence of signaling being multiple parallel with feed-back and feed-forward control over single and multiple signaling levels. We currently have a good descriptive understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling muscle phenotypic plasticity. We lack understanding of the precise interactions among partners of signaling networks and accordingly models to predict signaling outcome of entire networks. A major current challenge is to verify and apply available knowledge gained in model systems to predict human phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoppeler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle dynamics: myogenesis, neuromuscular synapse and fibrosis. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:574-89. [PMID: 24014138 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The signaling pathways activated by Wnt ligands are related to a wide range of critical cell functions, such as cell division, migration, and synaptogenesis. Here, we summarize compelling evidence on the role of Wnt signaling on several features of skeletal muscle physiology. We briefly review the role of Wnt pathways on the formation of muscle fibers during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis, highlighting its role on the activation of stem cells of the adult muscles. We also discuss how Wnt signaling regulates the precise formation of neuromuscular synapses, by modulating the differentiation of presynaptic and postsynaptic components, particularly regarding the clustering of acetylcholine receptors on the muscle membrane. In addition, based on previous evidence showing that Wnt pathways are linked to several diseases, such as Alzheimer's and cancer, we address recent studies indicating that Wnt signaling plays a key role in skeletal muscle fibrosis, a disease characterized by an increase in the extracellular matrix components leading to failure in muscle regeneration, tissue disorganization and loss of muscle activity. In this context, we also discuss the possible cross-talk between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with two other critical profibrotic pathways, transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor, which are potent stimulators of the accumulation of connective tissue, an effect characteristic of the fibrotic condition. As it has emerged in other pathological conditions, we suggests that muscle fibrosis may be a consequence of alterations of Wnt signaling activity.
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Chatterjee S, Nam D, Guo B, Kim JM, Winnier GE, Lee J, Berdeaux R, Yechoor VK, Ma K. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 is a key regulator of myogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2213-24. [PMID: 23525013 PMCID: PMC3672937 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that imparts temporal regulation to diverse biological processes. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), an essential transcriptional activator of the clock, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. However, whether this key clock component impacts myogenesis, a temporally regulated event that requires the sequential activation of myogenic regulatory factors, is not known. Here we report a novel function of Bmal1 in controlling myogenic differentiation through direct transcriptional activation of components of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade, a major inductive signal for embryonic and postnatal muscle growth. Genetic loss of Bmal1 in mice leads to reduced total muscle mass and Bmal1-deficient primary myoblasts exhibit significantly impaired myogenic differentiation accompanied by markedly blunted expression of key myogenic regulatory factors. Conversely, forced expression of Bmal1 enhances differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. This cell-autonomous effect of Bmal1 is mediated by Wnt signaling as both expression and activity of Wnt components are markedly attenuated by inhibition of Bmal1, and activation of the Wnt pathway partially rescues the myogenic defect in Bmal1-deficient myoblasts. We further reveal direct association of Bmal1 with promoters of canonical Wnt pathway genes, and as a result of this transcriptional regulation, Wnt signaling components exhibit intrinsic circadian oscillation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the core clock gene, Bmal1, is a positive regulator of myogenesis, which may represent a temporal regulatory mechanism to fine-tune myocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somik Chatterjee
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deokhwa Nam
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ji M. Kim
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Glen E. Winnier
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Hanaoka BY, Peterson CA, Horbinski C, Crofford LJ. Implications of glucocorticoid therapy in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:448-57. [PMID: 22688888 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of therapy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), despite adverse effects and suboptimal therapy success rates. Glucocorticoids are used in patients with IIM to suppress inflammatory and immune responses implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Nevertheless, potential inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on skeletal muscle mass, myogenesis and immune responses that promote skeletal muscle regeneration after muscle injury warrant attention. Glucocorticoids lead to skeletal muscle catabolism by modulating major pathways involved in regulating muscle mass. Glucocorticoids also inhibit muscle regeneration by decreasing myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation. Finally, glucocorticoids might have inhibitory effects on immune cells that have been shown to be an important component of the muscle regenerative response. Better understanding of the signalling pathways involved in restorative versus adverse effects of glucocorticoids in IIM could yield additional insight into the aetiopathogenesis of persistent muscle weakness in patients with IIM after glucocorticoid treatment, and help in the development of novel, targeted treatment options with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Y Hanaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Kentucky, Room J-509, 740 South Limestone Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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40
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Arthur ST, Cooley ID. The effect of physiological stimuli on sarcopenia; impact of Notch and Wnt signaling on impaired aged skeletal muscle repair. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:731-60. [PMID: 22701343 PMCID: PMC3371570 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that is associated with sarcopenia can result in ultimate consequences such as decreased quality of life. The causes of sarcopenia are multifactorial and include environmental and biological factors. The purpose of this review is to synthesize what the literature reveals in regards to the cellular regulation of sarcopenia, including impaired muscle regenerative capacity in the aged, and to discuss if physiological stimuli have the potential to slow the loss of myogenic potential that is associated with sarcopenia. In addition, this review article will discuss the effect of aging on Notch and Wnt signaling, and whether physiological stimuli have the ability to restore Notch and Wnt signaling resulting in rejuvenated aged muscle repair. The intention of this summary is to bring awareness to the benefits of consistent physiological stimulus (exercise) to combating sarcopenia as well as proclaiming the usefulness of contraction-induced injury models to studying the effects of local and systemic influences on aged myogenic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Tsivitse Arthur
- Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Systems Physiology, University North Carolina - Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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41
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Dubois V, Laurent M, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F. Androgens and skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular action mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1651-67. [PMID: 22101547 PMCID: PMC11115174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgens increase both the size and strength of skeletal muscle via diverse mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the different cellular targets of androgens in skeletal muscle as well as the respective androgen actions in these cells leading to changes in proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and protein metabolism. Androgens bind and activate a specific nuclear receptor which will directly affect the transcription of target genes. These genes encode muscle-specific transcription factors, enzymes, structural proteins, as well as microRNAs. In addition, anabolic action of androgens is partly established through crosstalk with other signaling molecules such as Akt, myostatin, IGF-I, and Notch. Finally, androgens may also exert non-genomic effects in muscle by increasing Ca(2+) uptake and modulating kinase activities. In conclusion, the anabolic effect of androgens on skeletal muscle is not only explained by activation of the myocyte androgen receptor but is also the combined result of many genomic and non-genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dubois
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Gude N, Sussman M. Notch signaling and cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1226-32. [PMID: 22465038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is critical for proper heart development and recently has been reported to participate in adult cardiac repair. Notch resides at the cell surface as a single pass transmembrane receptor, transits through the cytoplasm following activation, and acts as a transcription factor upon entering the nucleus. This dynamic and widespread cellular distribution allows for potential interactions with many signaling and binding partners. Notch displays temporal as well as spatial versatility, acting as a strong developmental signal, controlling cell fate determination and lineage commitment, and playing a pivotal role in embryonic and adult stem cell proliferation and differentiation. This review serves as an update of recent literature addressing Notch signaling in the heart, with attention to findings from noncardiac research that provide clues for further interpretation of how the Notch pathway influences cardiac biology. Specific areas of focus include Notch signaling in adult myocardium following pathologic injury, the role of Notch in cardiac progenitor cells with respect to differentiation and cardiac repair, crosstalk between Notch and other cardiac signaling pathways, and emerging aspects of noncanonical Notch signaling in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gude
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Mokalled MH, Johnson AN, Creemers EE, Olson EN. MASTR directs MyoD-dependent satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Genes Dev 2012; 26:190-202. [PMID: 22279050 DOI: 10.1101/gad.179663.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to skeletal muscle injury, satellite cells, which function as a myogenic stem cell population, become activated, expand through proliferation, and ultimately fuse with each other and with damaged myofibers to promote muscle regeneration. Here, we show that members of the Myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators, MASTR and MRTF-A, are up-regulated in satellite cells in response to skeletal muscle injury and muscular dystrophy. Global and satellite cell-specific deletion of MASTR in mice impairs skeletal muscle regeneration. This impairment is substantially greater when MRTF-A is also deleted and is due to aberrant differentiation and excessive proliferation of satellite cells. These abnormalities mimic those associated with genetic deletion of MyoD, a master regulator of myogenesis, which is down-regulated in the absence of MASTR and MRTF-A. Consistent with an essential role of MASTR in transcriptional regulation of MyoD expression, MASTR activates a muscle-specific postnatal MyoD enhancer through associations with MEF2 and members of the Myocardin family. Our results provide new insights into the genetic circuitry of muscle regeneration and identify MASTR as a central regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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44
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Smith HK, Merry TL. Voluntary resistance wheel exercise during post-natal growth in rats enhances skeletal muscle satellite cell and myonuclear content at adulthood. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:393-402. [PMID: 21854550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether voluntary free wheel (FW) or resistance wheel (RW) exercise or reduced muscle activity would influence maturational increases in muscle mass and the number of satellite cells (SCs) and myonuclei (MN) accrued by adulthood. METHODS Hind limb muscles of male rats housed with, or without, FWs from 4 to 5, 7 or 10 weeks of age, and rats housed with RWs from 4 to 10 week of age, were evaluated. To assess the effect of reduced muscle activity, gastrocnemius muscles of 4-week-old rats were injected with botulinum toxin (Btx) and collected at 7 weeks of age. Muscle fibre size and the frequency of Pax7-positive SCs and MN were determined in 7- and 10-week-old muscles via immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Free wheel exercise enhanced muscle growth and the frequency of SCs in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) (threefold) and vastus lateralis (VL) (twofold) of rats at 10 week of age. Resistance wheel exercise increased the number of SCs and MN (22-30%), with more muscle fibre nuclei being associated with larger fibre size, in the soleus, MG and VL muscles. Btx impaired the normal increases in muscle fibre size and the accrual of MN but not SCs. CONCLUSION A greater volume of exercise during maturational growth was important for enhancing SC numbers, whereas their conversion to MN required higher-intensity exercise. The enhanced muscle fibre nuclear populations may influence the capacity of the muscle to adapt to exercise, injury or disuse in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Smith
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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45
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Mancinelli R, Pietrangelo T, Burnstock G, Fanò G, Fulle S. Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:207-21. [PMID: 22127439 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several purine receptors have been localised on skeletal muscle membranes. Previous data support the hypothesis that extracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) is an important regulatory factor in the development and function of muscle tissue. We have previously described specific extracellular binding sites for GTP on the plasma membrane of mouse skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells. Extracellular GTP induces an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations that results in membrane hyperpolarisation through Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, as has been demonstrated by patch-clamp experiments. This GTP-evoked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) is due to release of Ca(2+) from intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. This enhances the expression of the myosin heavy chain in these C2C12 myoblasts and commits them to fuse into multinucleated myotubes, probably via a phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent signal-transduction mechanism. To define the signalling of extracellular GTP as an enhancer or modulator of myogenesis, we investigated whether the gene-expression profile of differentiated C2C12 cells (4 and 24 h in culture) is affected by extracellular GTP. To investigate the nuclear activity and target genes modulated by GTP, transcriptional profile analysis and real-time PCR were used. We demonstrate that in the early stages of differentiation, GTP up-regulates genes involved in different pathways associated with myogenic processes, including cytoskeleton structure, the respiratory chain, myogenesis, chromatin reorganisation, cell adhesion, and the Jak/Stat pathway, and down-regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. GTP also increases the expression of three genes involved in myogenesis, Pp3ca, Gsk3b, and Pax7. Our data suggests that in the myogenic C2C12 cell line, extracellular GTP acts as a differentiative factor in the induction and sustaining of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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46
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Andersson ER, Sandberg R, Lendahl U. Notch signaling: simplicity in design, versatility in function. Development 2011; 138:3593-612. [PMID: 21828089 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved and operates in many cell types and at various stages during development. Notch signaling must therefore be able to generate appropriate signaling outputs in a variety of cellular contexts. This need for versatility in Notch signaling is in apparent contrast to the simple molecular design of the core pathway. Here, we review recent studies in nematodes, Drosophila and vertebrate systems that begin to shed light on how versatility in Notch signaling output is generated, how signal strength is modulated, and how cross-talk between the Notch pathway and other intracellular signaling systems, such as the Wnt, hypoxia and BMP pathways, contributes to signaling diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Popescu LM, Manole E, Serboiu CS, Manole CG, Suciu LC, Gherghiceanu M, Popescu BO. Identification of telocytes in skeletal muscle interstitium: implication for muscle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1379-92. [PMID: 21609392 PMCID: PMC4373336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle interstitium is crucial for regulation of blood flow, passage of substances from capillaries to myocytes and muscle regeneration. We show here, probably, for the first time, the presence of telocytes (TCs), a peculiar type of interstitial (stromal) cells, in rat, mouse and human skeletal muscle. TC features include (as already described in other tissues) a small cell body and very long and thin cell prolongations-telopodes (Tps) with moniliform appearance, dichotomous branching and 3D-network distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed close vicinity of Tps with nerve endings, capillaries, satellite cells and myocytes, suggesting a TC role in intercellular signalling (via shed vesicles or exosomes). In situ immunolabelling showed that skeletal muscle TCs express c-kit, caveolin-1 and secrete VEGF. The same phenotypic profile was demonstrated in cell cultures. These markers and TEM data differentiate TCs from both satellite cells (e.g. TCs are Pax7 negative) and fibroblasts (which are c-kit negative). We also described non-satellite (resident) progenitor cell niche. In culture, TCs (but not satellite cells) emerge from muscle explants and form networks suggesting a key role in muscle regeneration and repair, at least after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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48
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Stadler G, Chen JC, Wagner K, Robin JD, Shay JW, Emerson CP, Wright WE. Establishment of clonal myogenic cell lines from severely affected dystrophic muscles - CDK4 maintains the myogenic population. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:12. [PMID: 21798090 PMCID: PMC3156635 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A hallmark of muscular dystrophies is the replacement of muscle by connective tissue. Muscle biopsies from patients severely affected with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) may contain few myogenic cells. Because the chromosomal contraction at 4q35 linked to FSHD is thought to cause a defect within myogenic cells, it is important to study this particular cell type, rather than the fibroblasts and adipocytes of the endomysial fibrosis, to understand the mechanism leading to myopathy. Results We present a protocol to establish clonal myogenic cell lines from even severely dystrophic muscle that has been replaced mostly by fat, using overexpression of CDK4 and the catalytic component of telomerase (human telomerase reverse transcriptase; hTERT), and a subsequent cloning step. hTERT is necessary to compensate for telomere loss during in vitro cultivation, while CDK4 prevents a telomere-independent growth arrest affecting CD56+ myogenic cells, but not their CD56- counterpart, in vitro. Conclusions These immortal cell lines are valuable tools to reproducibly study the effect of the FSHD mutation within myoblasts isolated from muscles that have been severely affected by the disease, without the confounding influence of variable amounts of contaminating connective-tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Stadler
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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