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Woodfin S, Hall S, Ramerth A, Chapple B, Fausnacht D, Moore W, Alkhalidy H, Liu D. Potential Application of Plant-Derived Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:2996. [PMID: 39275311 PMCID: PMC11397714 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, resulting in significant disability and reduced quality of life. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target immune dysregulation, but limitations in efficacy and tolerability highlight the need for alternative treatments. Plant-derived compounds, including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in both preclinical and clinical studies. By modulating immune responses and promoting neuroregeneration, these compounds offer potential as novel adjunctive therapies for MS. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular basis of MS pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of inflammation in disease progression. It critically evaluates emerging evidence supporting the use of plant-derived compounds to attenuate inflammation and MS symptomology. In addition, we provide a comprehensive source of information detailing the known mechanisms of action and assessing the clinical potential of plant-derived compounds in the context of MS pathogenesis, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Woodfin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Sierra Hall
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Alexis Ramerth
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Brooke Chapple
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Dane Fausnacht
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Agriculture, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA
| | - William Moore
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Matar AM, Shehata WA, Kora MA, Shendi SS. Tissue and circulating levels of IL-17A and FoxP3 + in patients with scabies: Correlation with clinical features. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 260:111652. [PMID: 39209219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The scabies mite is known to induce a complicated immune response that involves both innate and long-term adaptive immunity. Many immune effectors and pathways are involved. Th17/Treg balance can influence the complex immune response to scabies. The immunological effectors including IL-17A, as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and Treg cells, anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells, are essential for preserving cutaneous immunological homeostasis. So, evaluating these immune effectors may help in comprehending the pathophysiology of scabies and facilitate the development of new treatment approaches. This study examined the expression of IL-17A and FoxP3+ in the skin and serum of 50 scabies patients and 25 healthy controls. An assessment of their correlation with clinical features was performed. Regarding tissue response, scabietic patients exhibited a significant increase in IL-17A and FoxP3+ expression in their epidermis and dermis compared to controls (P<0.001), but the correlation between these factors was not significant in either area (P>0.05). Also, patients showed a significant increase in serum IL-17A levels compared to controls (P<0.001), with a significant association between serum IL-17A levels and lesion severity, but no significant correlation was observed between skin and serum responses (P>0.05). In conclusion, there was increased expression of both IL-17A and FoxP3+, with FoxP3+ being significantly more abundant than IL-17A in the skin of scabies patients. Skin FoxP3+ up-regulation has been linked to the severity of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Matar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin al-Kom, Menoufia 6132720, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A Shehata
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin al-Kom, Menoufia 6132720, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Kora
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin al-Kom, Menoufia 6132720, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan S Shendi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin al-Kom, Menoufia 6132720, Egypt.
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Chen XD, Xie J, Wei Y, Yu JF, Cao Y, Xiao L, Wu XJ, Mao CJ, Kang RM, Ye YG. Immune modulation of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 cells in rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1230689. [PMID: 37593762 PMCID: PMC10431940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1230689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite long-term integrated control programs for Eimeria stiedai infection in China, hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits persists. Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Th9, and Th21 cells are involved in immune responses during pathogen infection. It is unclear whether Th cell subsets are also involved in E. stiedai infection. Their roles in the immunopathology of this infection remain unknown. Therefore, monitoring these T-cell subsets' immune responses during primary infection of E. stiedai at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein (cytokines) levels is essential. Methods In experimentally infected New Zealand white rabbits, mRNA expression levels of their transcript-TBX2 (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), RORC (Th17), Foxp3 (Treg), SPI1 (Th9), and BCL6 (Th21)-were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), whereas Th1 (IFN-g and TNF-a), Th2 (IL4), Th17 (IL17A and IL6), Treg (IL10 and TGF-b1), Th9 (IL9), and Th21 (IL21) cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results We found that levels of TBX2, GATA3, RORC, SPI1, and BCL6 in the livers of infected rabbits were elevated on days 5 and 15 post-infection (PI). The concentrations of their distinctive cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a for Th1, IL4 for Th2, IL17A for Th17, IL9 for Th9, IL21 for Th21, and IL10 for Treg IL10 were also significantly increased on days 5 and 15 PI, respectively (p < 0.05). On day 23 PI, GATA3 with its cytokine IL4, RORC with IL17A, Foxp3 with IL10 and TGF-b1, and SPI1 with IL9 were significantly decreased, but TBX2 with IFN-g and IL6 remained elevated. Discussion Our findings are the first evidence of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 changes in E. stiedai-infected rabbits and provide insights into immune regulation mechanisms and possible vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong-Jian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-Min Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Gang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
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Costain AH, Phythian-Adams AT, Colombo SAP, Marley AK, Owusu C, Cook PC, Brown SL, Webb LM, Lundie RJ, Borger JG, Smits HH, Berriman M, MacDonald AS. Dynamics of Host Immune Response Development During Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906338. [PMID: 35958580 PMCID: PMC9362740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease of global significance, with severity and pathology directly related to how the host responds to infection. The immunological narrative of schistosomiasis has been constructed through decades of study, with researchers often focussing on isolated time points, cell types and tissue sites of interest. However, the field currently lacks a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the immune trajectory of schistosomiasis over infection and across multiple tissue sites. We have defined schistosome-elicited immune responses at several distinct stages of the parasite lifecycle, in three tissue sites affected by infection: the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, by performing RNA-seq on the livers of schistosome infected mice, we have generated novel transcriptomic insight into the development of schistosome-associated liver pathology and fibrosis across the breadth of infection. Through depletion of CD11c+ cells during peak stages of schistosome-driven inflammation, we have revealed a critical role for CD11c+ cells in the co-ordination and regulation of Th2 inflammation during infection. Our data provide an updated and high-resolution account of how host immune responses evolve over the course of murine schistosomiasis, underscoring the significance of CD11c+ cells in dictating host immunopathology against this important helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano A. P. Colombo
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela K. Marley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Owusu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila L. Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M. Webb
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Koh EY, Aung TT, Kioh DYQ, Chan ECY, Malleret B, Zhang Y, Peng G, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:245. [PMID: 35435504 PMCID: PMC9016058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system. Results Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eileen Yiling Koh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Ghosh S, Roy K, Rajalingam R, Martin S, Pal C. Cytokines in the generation and function of regulatory T cell subsets in leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2021; 147:155266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Immunosuppression in Malaria: Do Plasmodium falciparum Parasites Hijack the Host? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101277. [PMID: 34684226 PMCID: PMC8536967 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria reflects not only a state of immune activation, but also a state of general immune defect or immunosuppression, of complex etiology that can last longer than the actual episode. Inhabitants of malaria-endemic regions with lifelong exposure to the parasite show an exhausted or immune regulatory profile compared to non- or minimally exposed subjects. Several studies and experiments to identify and characterize the cause of this malaria-related immunosuppression have shown that malaria suppresses humoral and cellular responses to both homologous (Plasmodium) and heterologous antigens (e.g., vaccines). However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the relative involvement of different types of immune cells in immunosuppression during malaria is well understood. Moreover, the implication of the parasite during the different stages of the modulation of immunity has not been addressed in detail. There is growing evidence of a role of immune regulators and cellular components in malaria that may lead to immunosuppression that needs further research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on how malaria parasites may directly and indirectly induce immunosuppression and investigate the potential role of specific cell types, effector molecules and other immunoregulatory factors.
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Dias-Guerreiro T, Palma-Marques J, Mourata-Gonçalves P, Alexandre-Pires G, Valério-Bolas A, Gabriel Á, Nunes T, Antunes W, da Fonseca IP, Sousa-Silva M, Santos-Gomes G. African Trypanosomiasis: Extracellular Vesicles Shed by Trypanosoma brucei brucei Manipulate Host Mononuclear Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081056. [PMID: 34440259 PMCID: PMC8394715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a zoonotic disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite transmitted by Glossina spp. (tsetse fly). Parasite introduction into mammal hosts triggers a succession of events, involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages (MΦ) have a key role in innate defence since they are antigen-presenting cells and have a microbicidal function essential for trypanosome clearance. Adaptive immune defence is carried out by lymphocytes, especially by T cells that promote an integrated immune response. Like mammal cells, T. b. brucei parasites release extracellular vesicles (TbEVs), which carry macromolecules that can be transferred to host cells, transmitting biological information able to manipulate cell immune response. However, the exact role of TbEVs in host immune response remains poorly understood. Thus, the current study examined the effect elicited by TbEVs on MΦ and T lymphocytes. A combined approach of microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, multiparametric flow cytometry, colourimetric assays and detailed statistical analyses were used to evaluate the influence of TbEVs in mouse mononuclear cells. It was shown that TbEVs can establish direct communication with cells of innate and adaptative immunity. TbEVs induce the differentiation of both M1- and M2-MΦ and elicit the expansion of MHCI+, MHCII+ and MHCI+MHCII+ MΦ subpopulations. In T lymphocytes, TbEVs drive the overexpression of cell-surface CD3 and the nuclear factor FoxP3, which lead to the differentiation of regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, this study indicates that T. b. brucei and TbEVs seem to display opposite but complementary effects in the host, establishing a balance between parasite growth and controlled immune response, at least during the early phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dias-Guerreiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Joana Palma-Marques
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Patrícia Mourata-Gonçalves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.A.-P.); (I.P.d.F.)
| | - Ana Valério-Bolas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Áurea Gabriel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Microscopy Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química (UMLDBQ), Laboratório de Imagem Nano-Morfológica e Espectroscopia de Raios-X, 1100-471 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.A.-P.); (I.P.d.F.)
| | - Marcelo Sousa-Silva
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Analises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.D.-G.); (J.P.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (A.V.-B.); (Á.G.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-365-26-00; Fax: +351-21-363-21-05
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Immunogenicity Challenges Associated with Subcutaneous Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins. BioDrugs 2021; 35:125-146. [PMID: 33523413 PMCID: PMC7848667 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The subcutaneous route of administration has provided convenient and non-inferior delivery of therapeutic proteins compared to intravenous infusion, but there is potential for enhanced immunogenicity toward subcutaneously administered proteins in a subset of patients. Unwanted anti-drug antibody response toward proteins or monoclonal antibodies upon repeated administration is shown to impact the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of multiple biologics. Unique immunogenicity challenges of the subcutaneous route have been realized through various preclinical and clinical examples, although subcutaneous delivery has often demonstrated comparable immunogenicity to intravenous administration. Beyond route of administration as a treatment-related factor of immunogenicity, certain product-related risk factors are particularly relevant to subcutaneously administered proteins. This review attempts to provide an overview of the mechanism of immune response toward proteins administered subcutaneously (subcutaneous proteins) and comments on product-related risk factors related to protein structure and stability, dosage form, and aggregation. A two-wave mechanism of antigen presentation in the immune response toward subcutaneous proteins is described, and interaction with dynamic antigen-presenting cells possessing high antigen processing efficiency and migratory activity may drive immunogenicity. Mitigation strategies for immunogenicity are discussed, including those in general use clinically and those currently in development. Mechanistic insights along with consideration of risk factors involved inspire theoretical strategies to provide antigen-specific, long-lasting effects for maintaining the safety and efficacy of therapeutic proteins.
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Mechanism by which the combination of SjCL3 and SjGAPDH protects against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:173-185. [PMID: 33079271 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine is an important method to control schistosomiasis. Molecules related to lung-stage schistosomulum are considered potential vaccine candidates. We previously showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cathepsin L3 (CL3) displayed differential expression in the lung-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum cocultured with host cells. In the present study, we prepared the two proteins and detected the protective effects of SjGAPDH by immunizing mice with this protein alone and in combination with SjCL3 with or without Freund's adjuvant. Then, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying S. japonicum infection. The results showed that vaccination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH decreased the worm burden (37.8%) and egg load (38.1%), and the combination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3 further decreased the worm burden (65.6%) and egg load (70.9%) during Schistosoma japonicum infection. However, the immunization of a combination of adjuvant-free SjGAPDH and SjCL3 displayed a lower protective effect (< 15%) than those of the adjuvanted SjCL3, the adjuvanted SjGAPDH, and a combination of adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3. Flow cytometric results showed that the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was lower (P < 0.05) in the group with adjuvanted SjGAPDH and SjCL3 (2.61%) than the remaining groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results indicated that except for the uninfected and infected control groups, the remaining groups displayed a Th1-type shift in immune responses. These results showed the immunization of SjGAPDH resulted in partial protection (approximately 38%); inoculation with a combination of SjCL3 and SjGAPDH in Freund's adjuvant resulted in a high immunoprotective effect (> 65%) against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice, which was possibly caused by the reduced percentage of Tregs and a Th1-type shift in immune responses; and SjCL3 has no adjuvant-like effect, dissimilar to SmCL3.
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STAT3/SOCS3 axis contributes to the outcome of salmonid whirling disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234479. [PMID: 32542025 PMCID: PMC7295227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are differences in disease susceptibility to whirling disease (WD) among strains of rainbow trout. The North American strain Trout Lodge (TL) is highly susceptible, whereas the German Hofer (HO) strain is more resistant. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are key in inhibiting cytokine signaling. Their role in modulating the immune response against whirling disease is not completely clear. This study aimed at investigating the transcriptional response of SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes to Myxobolus cerebralis along with that of several upstream regulators and immune response genes. M. cerebralis induced the expression of SOCS1, the IL-6-dependent SOCS3, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the Treg associated transcription factor FOXP3 in TL fish at multiple time points, which likely caused a restricted STAT1 and STAT3 activity affecting the Th17/Treg17 balance. The expression of SOCS1 and the IL-6-dependent SOCS3 was induced constraining the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 in TL fish, thereby causing Th17/Treg17 imbalance and leaving the fish unable to establish a protective immune response against M. cerebralis or control inflammatory reactions increasing susceptibility to WD. Conversely, in HO fish, the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 was restrained, whereas the expression of STAT1 and IL-23-mediated STAT3 was induced potentially enabling more controlled immune responses, accelerating parasite clearance and elevating resistance. The induced expression of STAT1 and IL-23-mediated STAT3 likely maintained a successful Th17/Treg17 balance and enabled fish to promote effective immune responses favouring resistance against WD. The results provide insights into the role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in regulating the activation and magnitude of host immunity in rainbow trout, which may help us understand the mechanisms that underlie the variation in resistance to WD.
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Mastellone V, Musco N, Vassalotti G, Piantedosi D, Vastolo A, Cutrignelli MI, Britti D, Cortese L, Lombardi P. A Nutritional Supplement (DìLsh TM) Improves the Inflammatory Cytokines Response, Oxidative Stress Markers and Clinical Signs in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E938. [PMID: 32485886 PMCID: PMC7341525 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to associate nutraceuticals, as immune-modulating tools, to the treatment of visceral leishmaniosis is a matter of great interest. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of a nutritional supplement (DìLshTM, Dynamopet SRL, Verona, Italy) was able to exert beneficial effects on the inflammatory state and oxidative stress of the dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. To this purpose, specific parameters, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor -alpha (TNF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Inteleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, derivates of Reactive Oxigen Metabolites (d-Roms) and Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP), as well as the haematological and biochemical profiles of the infected dogs, were investigated upon the treatment with the nutritional supplement and compared with the conventional pharmacological anti-Leishmania therapy. The animals underwent complete clinical examination and blood sample collection before (T0) and 3 months after (T90) the onset of the two treatments. The two treatments showed similar results: significant clinical improvement, ELISA positivity and IgG decrease, an increase in IL-10, and a decrease in IL-6 were observed in animals treated with the nutritional supplement. A decrease in d-Roms and an increase in BAP were also detected in both groups. On the whole, the nutritional supplement possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that it may support animals' health and be useful to extend the time a drug therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Vassalotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.I.C.); (P.L.)
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Moncunill G, Scholzen A, Mpina M, Nhabomba A, Hounkpatin AB, Osaba L, Valls R, Campo JJ, Sanz H, Jairoce C, Williams NA, Pasini EM, Arteta D, Maynou J, Palacios L, Duran-Frigola M, Aponte JJ, Kocken CHM, Agnandji ST, Mas JM, Mordmüller B, Daubenberger C, Sauerwein R, Dobaño C. Antigen-stimulated PBMC transcriptional protective signatures for malaria immunization. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/543/eaay8924. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying immune correlates of protection and mechanisms of immunity accelerates and streamlines the development of vaccines. RTS,S/AS01E, the most clinically advanced malaria vaccine, has moderate efficacy in African children. In contrast, immunization with sporozoites under antimalarial chemoprophylaxis (CPS immunization) can provide 100% sterile protection in naïve adults. We used systems biology approaches to identifying correlates of vaccine-induced immunity based on transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals immunized with RTS,S/AS01E or chemoattenuated sporozoites stimulated with parasite antigens in vitro. Specifically, we used samples of individuals from two age cohorts and three African countries participating in an RTS,S/AS01E pediatric phase 3 trial and malaria-naïve individuals participating in a CPS trial. We identified both preimmunization and postimmunization transcriptomic signatures correlating with protection. Signatures were validated in independent children and infants from the RTS,S/AS01E phase 3 trial and individuals from an independent CPS trial with high accuracies (>70%). Transcription modules revealed interferon, NF-κB, Toll-like receptor (TLR), and monocyte-related signatures associated with protection. Preimmunization signatures suggest that priming the immune system before vaccination could potentially improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Last, signatures of protection could be useful to determine efficacy in clinical trials, accelerating vaccine candidate testing. Nevertheless, signatures should be tested more extensively across multiple cohorts and trials to demonstrate their universal predictive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anja Scholzen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maximillian Mpina
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre. P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Aurore Bouyoukou Hounkpatin
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), BP 242 Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lourdes Osaba
- Progenika Biopharma. A Grifols Company, S.A., 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | | | - Joseph J. Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hèctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nana Aba Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Erica M. Pasini
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - David Arteta
- Progenika Biopharma. A Grifols Company, S.A., 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Joan Maynou
- Progenika Biopharma. A Grifols Company, S.A., 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Lourdes Palacios
- Progenika Biopharma. A Grifols Company, S.A., 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Miquel Duran-Frigola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John J. Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clemens H. M. Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), BP 242 Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic–Universitat de Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
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Karimi N, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis. Trop Parasitol 2019; 9:131-132. [PMID: 31579670 PMCID: PMC6767793 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karimi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Cortese L, Terrazzano G, Pelagalli A. Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2392. [PMID: 31091785 PMCID: PMC6566566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing scientific evidence has unveiled increased incidences of obesity in domestic animals and its influence on a plethora of associated disorders. Leptin, an adipokine regulating body fat mass, represents a key molecule in obesity, able to modulate immune responses and foster chronic inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. High levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers suggest an association between inflammatory state and obesity in dogs, highlighting the parallelism with humans. Canine obesity is a relevant disease always accompanied with several health conditions such as inflammation, immune-dysregulation, insulin resistance, pancreatitis, orthopaedic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia. However, leptin involvement in many disease processes in veterinary medicine is poorly understood. Moreover, hyperleptinemia as well as leptin resistance occur with cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of altered cardiac mitochondrial metabolism in obese dogs. Similarly, leptin dysregulation seems to be involved in the pancreatitis pathophysiology. This review aims to examine literature concerning leptin and immunological status in obese dogs, in particular for the aspects related to obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Wilson KL, Flanagan KL, Prakash MD, Plebanski M. Malaria vaccines in the eradication era: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:133-151. [PMID: 30601095 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1561289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The challenge to eradicate malaria is an enormous task that will not be achieved by current control measures, thus an efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccine is required. The licensing of RTS, S/AS01 is a step forward in providing some protection, but a malaria vaccine that protects across multiple transmission seasons is still needed. To achieve this, inducing beneficial immune responses while minimising deleterious non-targeted effects will be essential. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the current challenges and advances in malaria vaccine development and reviews recent human clinical trials for each stage of infection. Pubmed and ScienceDirect were searched, focusing on cell mediated immunity and how T cell subsets might be targeted in future vaccines using novel adjuvants and emerging vaccine technologies. EXPERT COMMENTARY Despite decades of research there is no highly effective licensed malaria vaccine. However, there is cause for optimism as new adjuvants and vaccine systems emerge, and our understanding of correlates of protection increases, especially regarding cellular immunity. The new field of heterologous (non-specific) effects of vaccines also highlights the broader consequences of immunization. Importantly, the WHO led Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap illustrates that there is a political will among the global health community to make it happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wilson
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - K L Flanagan
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia.,c School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
| | - M D Prakash
- b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - M Plebanski
- b School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
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Jesus LB, Santos AB, Jesus EEV, Santos RGD, Grangeiro MS, Bispo-da-Silva A, Arruda MR, Argolo DS, Pinheiro AM, El-Bachá RS, Costa SL, Costa MFD. IDO, COX and iNOS have an important role in the proliferation of Neospora caninum in neuron/glia co-cultures. Vet Parasitol 2019; 266:96-102. [PMID: 30736955 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) is the main site for encystment of Neospora caninum in different animal species. In this tissue, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) modulate responses to aggression in order to preserve homeostasis and neuronal function. Previous data showed that when primary cultures of glial cells are infected with N. caninum, they develop gliosis and the immune response is characterized by the release of TNF and IL-10, followed by the control of parasite proliferation. In order to elucidate this control, three enzymatic systems involved in parasite-versus-host interactions were observed on a model of neuron/glia co/cultures obtained from rat brains. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responsible for the catabolism of tryptophan and arginine, respectively, and cycloxigenase (COX) were studied comparing their modulation by respective inhibitors with the number of tachyzoites or the immune response measured by the release of IL-10 and TNF. Cells were treated with the inhibitors of iNOS (1.5 mM L-NAME), IDO (1 mM 1-methyl tryptophan), COX-1 (1 μM indomethacin) and COX-2 (1 μM nimesulide) before infection with tachyzoites of N. caninum (1:1 cell: parasite). After 72 h of infection, immunocytochemistry showed astrogliosis and a significant increase in the number and length of neurites, compared with uninfected co-cultures, while an increase of IL-10 and TNF was verified. N. caninum did not change iNOS activity, but the inhibition of the basal levels of this enzyme stimulated parasite proliferation. Additionally, a significant increase of about 40% was verified in the IDO activity, whose inhibition caused 1.2-fold increase in parasitic growth. For COX-2 activity, infection of cultures stimulated a significant increase in release of PGE2 and its inhibition by nimesulide allowed the parasitic growth. These data indicate that iNOS, IDO and COX-2 control the proliferation of N. caninum in this in vitro model. On the other hand, the release of IL-10 by glia besides modulating the inflammation also allow the continuity of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Jesus
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A B Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - E E V Jesus
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R G D Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M S Grangeiro
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A Bispo-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M R Arruda
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D S Argolo
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A M Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológica, Universidade do Recôncavo da Bahia - URBA, R. Ruy Barbosa 710 Centro, CEP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R S El-Bachá
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT de Neurociência Translacional (INNT)- CNPq, Brazil
| | - S L Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT de Neurociência Translacional (INNT)- CNPq, Brazil.
| | - M F D Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; INCT de Neurociência Translacional (INNT)- CNPq, Brazil.
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Functional heterogeneity of circulating T regulatory cell subsets in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2018; 25:687-697. [PMID: 29797233 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a major role in tumor escape from immunosurveillance by suppressing effector cells. The number of Tregs is increased in tumor sites and peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. However, the data regarding phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of Treg subpopulations in breast cancer are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the number and suppressive potential of Tregs that possess natural naïve-(N nTregs), effector/memory-like (EM nTregs), and Tr1-like phenotypes in breast cancer patients and healthy women. METHODS The study included 10 HW and 17 primary breast cancer patients. Numbers of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD45RA+ N nTregs, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD45RA- EM nTregs, and CD4+IL-4-IL-10+ Tr1 subsets and the expression of CTLA-4, CD39, GITR, LAP, and IL-35 by these Treg subsets were measured in freshly obtained peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that the percentages of N nTregs, EM nTregs, CD25+ and FoxP3+ Tr1 cells are elevated in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, but do not correlate with cancer stages. Nevertheless, the frequency of CD25+ Tr1 cells was associated with nodal involvement, while the number of EM nTregs correlated with clinical outcome. The expression of CTLA-4 and IL-35 by all assessed Treg subsets was increased throughout all tumor stages (I-III). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the current study shows phenotypic alterations in suppressive receptors of Treg subsets, suggesting that breast cancer patients have increased activity of N nTregs, EM nTregs and Tr1 cells; and EM nTregs and CD25+ Tr1 cells represent prospective markers for assessing disease prognosis.
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Gadahi JA, Li B, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Hasan MW, Yan R, Song X, Xu L, Li X. Recombinant Haemonchus contortus 24 kDa excretory/secretory protein (rHcES-24) modulate the immune functions of goat PBMCs in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83926-83937. [PMID: 27893414 PMCID: PMC5356635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24 kDa protein is one of the important components in Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) excretory/secretory products (HcESPs), which was shown to have important antigenic function. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of this proteinon host cell. In the present study gene encoding 24kDa excretory/secretory protein (HcES-24) was cloned. The recombinant protein of HcES-24 (rHcES-24) was expressed in a histidine-tagged fusion protein soluble form in Escherichia coli. Binding activity of rHcES-24 to goat PBMCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and its immunomudulatory effect on cytokine secretion, cell proliferation, cell migration and nitric oxide production were observed by co-incubation of rHcES-24. IFA results revealed that rHcES-24 could bind to the PBMCs. The interaction of rHcES-24 increased the production of IL4, IL10, IL17 and cell migration in dose dependent manner. However, rHcES-24 treatment significantly suppressed the production of IFNγ, proliferation of the PBMC and Nitric oxide (NO) production. Our findings showed that the rHcES-24 played important regulatory effects on the goat PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Ali Gadahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Baojie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yujian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | | | - Ruofeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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20
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Katayama S, Ohno F, Mitani T, Akiyama H, Nakamura S. Rutinosylated Ferulic Acid Attenuates Food Allergic Response and Colitis by Upregulating Regulatory T Cells in Mouse Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10730-10737. [PMID: 29141406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to screen phytochemicals capable of inducing immune tolerance via enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion and investigate their effects in a mouse model of food allergy and colitis. In a screening test using THP-1-derived dendritic cells, a significant increase in TGF-β1 levels was observed upon treatment with ferulic acid and its glycosides, among which ferulic acid rutinoside (FAR) induced the highest level of TGF-β1 secretion. Oral administration of FAR suppressed serum levels of immunoglobulin E and histamine in ovalbumin-sensitized mice and triggered the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. In comparison to the control, FAR treatment also induced stronger TGF-β1 secretion from splenic dendritic cells. FAR treatment attenuated dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in the model mice and induced Treg differentiation. These results suggest that FAR exerts potent immunomodulatory effects against allergic and intestinal inflammatory responses by inducing Treg differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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21
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Farwa A, He C, Xia L, Zhou H. Immune modulation of Th1, Th2, and T-reg transcriptional factors differing from cytokine levels in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:115-126. [PMID: 29188369 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In spite of long-term integrated control programs for Schistosoma japonicum infection in China, the infection is still persistent due to its zoonotic transmission and disease severity which further complicate its control. Th1, Th2, and T-reg cells are involved in S. japonicum immunity; however, their exact roles in immunopathology of this infection are still questionable. Therefore, the monitoring of these T cell subsets' immune responses during a primary infection of S. japonicum at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein (cytokines) levels would be essential to point out. In experimentally infected white New Zealand rabbits, mRNA expression levels of TBX2, IRF8, GATA3, STAT6, FoxP3, and MAFF were evaluated using qPCR, whereas Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2 (IL4 and IL13), and T-reg (IL10 and TGF-β1) cytokines were measured by ELISA test. Those parameters were estimated at two phases: the first being 4 and 8 weeks post-infection and the second phase at 12 weeks post-infection. The infected rabbits were categorized into group1 which was treated with praziquantel after the 8th week of infection and group 2 which was left untreated. In the first stage of infection, Th1 was superior to the other types at both mRNA (TBX2 and IRF8) and protein (IFN-γ and TNF-α) levels, but at the late stage, Th2 cytokines (IL4 and IL13) were surprisingly dominated without comparable change in Th2 transcriptional level in group 1. Concisely, the evaluation of T cell transcriptional factors provided clearer evidence about T cellular roles which would be a valuable supplement to control this disease in terms of protective and therapeutic vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Farwa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Gadahi JA, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yan R, Song X, Xu L, Li X. Recombinant protein of Haemonchus contortus small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) modulate the cell mediated immune response in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112211-112221. [PMID: 29348819 PMCID: PMC5762504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the Ras-related small GTPase family involved in the vesicular trafficking regulation. Immunomodulatory effects of these proteinson host cell arenot being addressed yet. H. contortus small GTPase ADP-ribosylation 1 gene (HcARF1) was cloned and recombinant protein of HcARF1 (rHcARF1) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. Binding activity of rHcARF1 to goat PBMCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and its immunomudulatory effects on cytokine secretion, cell proliferation, cell migration and nitric oxide production (NO) were observed by co-incubation of rHcARF1. IFA results revealed that rHcARF1 could bind to the PBMCs. The interaction of rHcARF1 modulated the cytokine production, the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 was increased in a dose dependent manner, however, the IFN-γ production was significantly decreased. Cell migration and NO production were significantly increased by rHcARF1, whereas, rHcARF1 treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation of the PBMC in a dose dependent manner. Our findings showed that the rHcARF1 play important roles on the goat PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Ali Gadahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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23
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Khan MA. T regulatory cell mediated immunotherapy for solid organ transplantation: A clinical perspective. Mol Med 2017; 22:892-904. [PMID: 27878210 PMCID: PMC5319206 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a vital role in suppressing heightened immune responses, and thereby promote a state of immunological tolerance. Tregs modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, which make them a potential candidate for cell-based immunotherapy to suppress uncontrolled activation of graft specific inflammatory cells and their toxic mediators. These grafts specific inflammatory cells (T effector cells) and other inflammatory mediators (Immunoglobulins, active complement mediators) are mainly responsible for graft vascular deterioration followed by acute/chronic rejection. Treg mediated immunotherapy is under investigation to induce allospecific tolerance in various ongoing clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Treg immunotherapy is showing promising results but the key issues regarding Treg immunotherapy are not yet fully resolved including their mechanism of action, and specific Treg cell phenotype responsible for a state of tolerance. This review highlights the involvement of various subsets of Tregs during immune suppression, novelty of Tregs functions, effects on angiogenesis, emerging technologies for effective Treg expansion, plasticity and safety associated with clinical applications. Altogether this information will assist in designing single/combined Treg mediated therapies for successful clinical trials in solid organ transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 11211
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24
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Escamilla A, Zafra R, Pérez J, McNeilly TN, Pacheco IL, Buffoni L, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Molina-Hernández V, Martínez-Moreno A. Distribution of Foxp3 + T cells in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of goats and sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2016; 230:14-19. [PMID: 27884436 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are now considered to play a key role in modulation of immune responses during parasitic helminth infections. Immunomodulation is a key factor in Fasciola hepatica infection; however, the distribution and role of Foxp3+ Tregs cells have not been investigated in F. hepatica infected ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Foxp3+ Tregs in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes from experimentally infected sheep and goats during acute and chronic stages of infection. Three groups of goats (n=6) and three groups of sheep (n=6) were used in this study. Goats in groups 1-2 and sheep in groups 4-5 were orally infected with metacercarie of ovine origin. Groups 1 and 4 were killed during the acute stage of the infection, at nine days post infection (dpi); groups 2 and 5 were killed during the chronic stage, at 15 and19 weeks post infection respectively (wpi). Groups 3 (goats) and 6 (sheep) were left as uninfected controls. Fluke burdens and liver damage were assessed and the avidin-biotin-complex method was used for the immunohistochemical study. At nine dpi in acute hepatic lesions, the number of both Foxp3+ and CD3+ T lymphocytes increased significantly in goats and sheep. In the chronic stages of infection (15-19wpi), the number of Foxp3+ and CD3+ T lymphocytes were also significantly increased with respect to control livers, particularly in portal spaces with severely enlarged bile ducts (response to adult flukes) while the increase was lower in granulomas, chronic tracts and smaller portal spaces (response to tissue damage). Foxp3+ Tregs were increased in the cortex of hepatic lymph nodes of sheep (chronic infection) and goats (acute and chronic infection). The estimated proportion of T cells which were Foxp3+ was significantly increased in the large bile ducts and hepatic lymph node cortex of chronically infected goats but not sheep. This first report of the expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs in acute and chronic hepatic lesions in ruminants suggests that these cells may be involved in both parasite survival and modulation of hepatic damage. Future studies should be focused on the investigation of parasite molecules and cytokines involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Escamilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Zafra
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - T N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 OPZ, UK
| | - I L Pacheco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - L Buffoni
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - A Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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25
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Abdossamadi Z, Seyed N, Rafati S. Mammalian host defense peptides and their implication on combating Leishmania infection. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:23-31. [PMID: 27729107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infection with parasites of the genus Leishmania is a health problem in many countries around the world. No effective vaccine is available against leishmaniasis, so chemotherapy is the only alternative for treatment of all forms of the disease. However, drawbacks including toxicity and severe adverse reactions restrain the use of currently available chemotherapeutics. Therefore development of new drugs and therapeutic approaches is highly demanded. Mammalian host defense peptides (mHDP) and/or mammalian antimicrobial peptides (mAMP) are among promising compounds considered effective to control the infectious diseases. These are potential multifunctional molecules that modulate the immune response besides direct killing of pathogens. Here we have reviewed the hallmark characteristics of the mHDPs in respect to the potential role they can play against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdossamadi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Lowry CA, Smith DG, Siebler PH, Schmidt D, Stamper CE, Hassell JE, Yamashita PS, Fox JH, Reber SO, Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ, Postolache TT, Kinney KA, Marciani D, Hernandez M, Hemmings SMJ, Malan-Muller S, Wright KP, Knight R, Raison CL, Rook GAW. The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:270-86. [PMID: 27436048 PMCID: PMC5763918 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene or "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that the epidemic of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies stems at least in part from reduced exposure to microbes that normally prime mammalian immunoregulatory circuits and suppress inappropriate inflammation. Such diseases include but are not limited to allergies and asthma; we and others have proposed that the markedly reduced exposure to these Old Friends in modern urban societies may also increase vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders and stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and affective disorders, where data are emerging in support of inflammation as a risk factor. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the potential for Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, to modify risk for inflammatory disease, with a focus on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. We highlight potential mechanisms, involving bacterially derived metabolites, bacterial antigens, and helminthic antigens, through which these inputs promote immunoregulation. Though findings are encouraging, significant human subjects' research is required to evaluate the potential impact of Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, on biological signatures and clinically meaningful mental health prevention and intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA.
| | - David G Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Philip H Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Paula S Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James H Fox
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80840, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kerry A Kinney
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Mark Hernandez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- School of Human Ecology and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Graham A W Rook
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, UCL (University College London), WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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27
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Wanji S, Tayong DB, Layland LE, Datchoua Poutcheu FR, Ndongmo WPC, Kengne-Ouafo JA, Ritter M, Amvongo-Adjia N, Fombad FF, Njeshi CN, Nkwescheu AS, Enyong PA, Hoerauf A. Update on the distribution of Mansonella perstans in the southern part of Cameroon: influence of ecological factors and mass drug administration with ivermectin. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:311. [PMID: 27245442 PMCID: PMC4886396 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mansonellosis remains one of the most neglected of tropical diseases and its current distribution in the entire forest block of southern Cameroon is unknown. In order to address this issue, we have surveyed the distribution of Mansonella perstans in different bioecological zones and in addition, elucidated the influence of multiple rounds of ivermectin (IVM) based mass drug administration (MDA). Methods A mixed design was used. Between 2000 and 2014, both cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys were carried out in 137 communities selected from 12 health districts belonging to five main bioecological zones of the southern part of Cameroon. The zones comprised of grassland savanna (GS), mosaic forest savanna (MFS), forested savanna (FS), deciduous equatorial rainforest (DERF) and the dense humid equatorial rainforest (DHERF). The survey was carried out in some areas with no treatment history as well as those currently under IVM MDA. Individuals within the participatory communities were screened for the presence of M. perstans microfilariae (mf) in peripheral blood by the calibrated thick film method to determine both prevalence and geometric mean intensities at the community level. Results Apart from sporadic cases in savanna areas, distribution of M. perstans was strongly linked to the equatorial rainforest zones. Before CDTI, the highest mean prevalence (70.0 %) and intensity (17,382.2 mf/ml) were obtained in communities in Mamfes’ DHERF areas followed by communities in the DHERF zone of Lolodorf (53.8 % and 7,814.8 mf/ml, respectively). A longitudinal survey in Mamfe further showed that M. perstans infections had reduced by 34.5 % in DERF (P < 0.001) but not DHERF zones after ten years of IVM MDA. Further data from the cross-sectional study revealed that there was a decrease in prevalence in DHERF zones only after ten years of MDA. In DERF zones however, the infection was relatively lower after four years of MDA. Conclusions The distribution of M. perstans in the southern part of Cameroon varies with bioecological zones and IVM MDA history. The zones with high prevalence and intensities lie in forested areas while those with low endemicity are in the savanna areas. MDA with ivermectin induced significant reduction in the endemicity of mansonellosis in the decidious equatorial rainforest. In contrast, the prevalence and intensity remained relatively high and stable in the dense humid equatorial rainforest zones even after a decade of mass drug administration with ivermectin. Since it is known that M. perstans down-regulates host's immune system, the findings from this work would be useful in designing studies to understand the impact of M. perstans on host immune response to vaccination and co-infection with other pathogens such as Mycobacterium spp. and Plasmodium spp. in areas of contrasting endemicities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1595-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wanji
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. .,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Dizzle Bita Tayong
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabrice R Datchoua Poutcheu
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Winston Patrick Chounna Ndongmo
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jonas Arnaud Kengne-Ouafo
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Fanny Fri Fombad
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Charity Nya Njeshi
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Armand Seraphin Nkwescheu
- Scientific Networks and Ethics Promotion, Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Peter A Enyong
- Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Wang T, Shi W, Fan T, Wan X, Chen YH, Ruan Q. c-Rel is Required for the Induction of pTregs in the Eye but Not in the Gut Mucosa. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:776-786. [PMID: 27224262 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1172639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an integral role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Forkhead box P3 expression marks the commitment of progenitor cells to the Treg lineage. Although the essential function of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB family transcription factor c-Rel in the regulation of natural Treg cells has been firmly established, little is known about whether c-Rel is involved in the in vivo generation of peripheral Treg cells (pTregs), which develop from mature CD4+ conventional T cells outside of the thymus. We sought to answer this question through the induction of pTregs in the eye and gut mucosa using ovalbumin-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice that do or do not express c-Rel. Our results showed that Tregs can be induced in the eye in a c-Rel-dependent manner when immune-mediated inflammation occurs. However, c-Rel is dispensable for the induction of pTregs in the gut mucosa after oral antigen administration. Thus, c-Rel may play distinct roles in regulating the development of pTregs in different organs. Abbreviations ACAID: Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation; ATF: activating transcription factor; CREB: cAMP responsive element-binding protein; DMEM: Dulbecco minimum essential medium; HBSS: Hanks Balanced Salt Solution; NFAT: Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PE: Phycoerythrin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- a Shandong Eye Institute , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- a Shandong Eye Institute , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fan
- b Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- b Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- c Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Qingguo Ruan
- b Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
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29
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Chiossone L, Conte R, Spaggiari GM, Serra M, Romei C, Bellora F, Becchetti F, Andaloro A, Moretta L, Bottino C. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce Peculiar Alternatively Activated Macrophages Capable of Dampening Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1909-21. [PMID: 27015881 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support hematopoiesis and exert immunoregulatory activities. Here, we analyzed the functional outcome of the interactions between MSCs and monocytes/macrophages. We showed that MSCs supported the survival of monocytes that underwent differentiation into macrophages, in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, MSCs skewed their polarization toward a peculiar M2-like functional phenotype (M(MSC) ), through a prostaglandin E2-dependent mechanism. M(MSC) were characterized by high expression of scavenger receptors, increased phagocytic capacity, and high production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β. These cytokines contributed to the immunoregulatory properties of M(MSC) , which differed from those of typical IL-4-induced macrophages (M2). In particular, interacting with activated natural killer (NK) cells, M(MSC) inhibited both the expression of activating molecules such as NKp44, CD69, and CD25 and the production of IFNγ, while M2 affected only IFNγ production. Moreover, M(MSC) inhibited the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells in response to allogeneic stimuli and induced the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Toll-like receptor engagement reverted the phenotypic and functional features of M(MSC) to those of M1 immunostimulatory/proinflammatory macrophages. Overall our data show that MSCs induce the generation of a novel type of alternatively activated macrophages capable of suppressing both innate and adaptive immune responses. These findings may help to better understand the role of MSCs in healthy tissues and inflammatory diseases including cancer, and provide clues for novel therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells 2016;34:1909-1921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chiossone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Romana Conte
- Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Romei
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bellora
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Becchetti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Andaloro
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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30
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Fu J, Wu Y, Nguyen H, Heinrichs J, Schutt S, Liu Y, Liu C, Jin J, Anasetti C, Yu XZ. T-bet Promotes Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Regulating Recipient Hematopoietic Cells in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3168-79. [PMID: 26903480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its critical role in T cells, T-bet regulates the functions of APCs including dendritic cells and B cells, as well as NK cells. Given that recipient APCs are essential for priming allogeneic T cells and recipient NK or T cells are able to reject allogeneic donor cells, we evaluated the role of T-bet on the host in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using murine models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. T-bet(-/-) recipients developed significantly milder GVHD than their wild type counterparts in MHC-mismatched or CD4-dependent minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched models. Allogeneic donor T cells, in particular, CD4 subset, significantly reduced IFN-γ production, proliferation and migration, and caused less injury in liver and gut of T-bet(-/-) recipients. We further observed that T-bet on recipient hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for the donor T cell response and pathogenicity in GVHD. T-bet(-/-) dendritic cells expressed higher levels of Trail, whereas they produced lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-12/23 p40, as well as chemokine CXCL9, resulting in significantly higher levels of apoptosis, less priming, and infiltration of donor T cells. Meanwhile, NK cells in T-bet(-/-) hosts partially contribute to the decreased donor T cell proliferation. Furthermore, although T-bet on hematopoietic cells was required for GVHD development, it was largely dispensable for the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Taken together with our previous findings, we propose that T-bet is a potential therapeutic target for the control of GVHD through regulating donor T cells and recipient hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Jessica Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Junfei Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 Guangxi, China; and
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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31
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Zeng J, Chen QW, Yu ZY, Zhang JR, Chen DL, Song C, Luo J, Zhang C, Wang SL, Chen JP. Regulation of intrinsic apoptosis in cycloheximide-treated macrophages by the Sichuan human strain of Chinese Leishmania isolates. Acta Trop 2016; 153:101-10. [PMID: 26482137 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are able to survive and proliferate inside mammals' mononuclear phagocytes, causing Leishmaniasis. Previous studies have noted that the regulation of apoptosis in host cells by these parasites may contribute to their ability to evade the immune system. However, current results remain unclear about whether the parasites can promote or delay the apoptotic process in host cells, because the regulatory effect of Leishmania was assumed to be strain-, species- and even infection time-dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Sichuan isolates of Chinese Leishmania (SC10H2) can alter the process of intrinsic apoptosis induced by cycloheximide in different types of macrophage cell lines and to determine in which steps of the signaling pathway the parasites were involved. Human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were infected by SC10H2 promastigotes followed by cycloheximide stimulation to assess the alteration of intrinsic apoptosis in these cells. The results indicated that SC10H2 infection of human THP-1 macrophages could promote the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis, but completely opposite results were found in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Nevertheless, the expression of Bcl-2 and the DNA fragmentation rates were not altered by SC10H2 infection in the cell lines used in the experiments. This study suggests that SC10H2 promastigote infection is able to promote and delay the transduction of early apoptotic signals induced by cycloheximide in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages, revealing that the regulation of intrinsic apoptosis in host cells by SC10H2 in vitro occurs in a host cell-dependent manner. The data from this study might play a significant role in further understanding the relationship between Leishmania and different host cells.
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32
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Arce-Sillas A, Álvarez-Luquín DD, Cárdenas G, Casanova-Hernández D, Fragoso G, Hernández M, Proaño Narváez JV, García-Vázquez F, Fleury A, Sciutto E, Adalid-Peralta L. Interleukin 10 and dendritic cells are the main suppression mediators of regulatory T cells in human neurocysticercosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:271-9. [PMID: 26391104 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is caused by the establishment of Taenia solium cysticerci in the central nervous system. It is considered that, during co-evolution, the parasite developed strategies to modulate the host's immune response. The action mechanisms of regulatory T cells in controlling the immune response in neurocysticercosis are studied in this work. Higher blood levels of regulatory T cells with CD4(+) CD45RO(+) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)(high) and CD4(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) CD95(high) phenotype and of non-regulatory CD4(+) CD45RO(+) FoxP3(med) T cells were found in neurocysticercosis patients with respect to controls. Interestingly, regulatory T cells express higher levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR), suggesting a cell-to-cell contact mechanism with dendritic cells. Furthermore, higher IL-10 and regulatory T cell type 1 (Tr1) levels were found in neurocysticercosis patients' peripheral blood, suggesting that the action mechanism of regulatory T cells involves the release of immunomodulatory cytokines. No evidence was found of the regulatory T cell role in inhibiting the proliferative response. Suppressive regulatory T cells from neurocysticercosis patients correlated negatively with late activated lymphocytes (CD4(+) CD38(+) ). Our results suggest that, during neurocysticercosis, regulatory T cells could control the immune response, probably by a cell-to-cell contact with dendritic cells and interleukin (IL)-10 release by Tr1, to create an immunomodulatory environment that may favour the development of T. solium cysticerci and their permanence in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arce-Sillas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
| | - D D Álvarez-Luquín
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
| | - G Cárdenas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
| | - D Casanova-Hernández
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
| | - G Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - M Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - J V Proaño Narváez
- Unidad Médica de Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México
| | - F García-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México
| | - A Fleury
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
| | - E Sciutto
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - L Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México
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33
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O'Hagan KL, Choi J, Pryshchep O, Chernoff J, Phee H. Pak2 Links TCR Signaling Strength to the Development of Regulatory T Cells and Maintains Peripheral Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1564-77. [PMID: 26157175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although significant effort has been devoted to understanding the thymic development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), the precise signaling pathways that govern their lineage commitment still remain enigmatic. Our findings show a novel role for the actin cytoskeletal remodeling protein, p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2), in Treg development and homeostasis. The absence of Pak2 in T cells resulted in a marked reduction in both thymus- and peripherally derived Tregs, accompanied by the development of spontaneous colitis in Pak2-deficient mice. Additionally, Pak2 was required for the proper differentiation of in vitro-induced Tregs as well as maintenance of Tregs. Interestingly, Pak2 was necessary for generating the high-affinity TCR- and IL-2-mediated signals that are required by developing Tregs for their lineage commitment. These findings provide novel insight into how developing thymocytes translate lineage-specific high-affinity TCR signals to adopt the Treg fate, and they further posit Pak2 as an essential regulator for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Leonard O'Hagan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Olga Pryshchep
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and
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34
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Sehrawat A, Sinha S, Saxena A. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein: a potential Treg modulator suppressing allergic asthma? Front Microbiol 2015; 6:493. [PMID: 26082756 PMCID: PMC4450655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate aim of the immune system is to eliminate pathogens without being harmful to the host. But what if eliminating the pathogen in itself is discomforting for the host? One such emerging case is of Helicobacter pylori. Modern medicine, infantile vaccination, and ultra-hygienic conditions have led to progressive disappearance of H. pylori in different parts of the world. However, the adversities caused by H. pylori's absence are much larger than those caused by its presence. Asthma is rising as an epidemic in last few decades and several reports suggest an inverse-relationship between H. pylori's persistence and early-life onset asthma. Regulatory T cells play an important role in both the cases. This is further supported by experiments on mouse-models. Hence, need of the hour is to discern the relationship between H. pylori and its host and eliminating its negative impacts without disturbing our indigenous microbiota. To resolve whether H. pylori is a pathogen or an amphibiont is another important side. This review explores the biological basis of H. pylori-induced priming of immune system offering resistance to childhood-onset asthma. HP-NAP-Tregs interaction has been predicted using molecular docking and dynamic simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjna Sehrawat
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI UniversityNew Delhi, India
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35
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Extraintestinal Helminth Infection Limits Pathology and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression during DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: A Role for Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Prostaglandins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:563425. [PMID: 26090422 PMCID: PMC4450267 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characteristic of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Helminth parasites have developed immunomodulatory strategies that may impact the outcome of several inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we investigated whether Taenia crassiceps infection is able to decrease the inflammatory effects of dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Preinfection significantly reduced the manifestations of DSS-induced colitis, as weight loss and shortened colon length, and decreased the disease activity index independently of the genetic background of the mice. Taenia infection decreased systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines while increasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10, and the inflammatory infiltrate into the colon was also markedly reduced. RT-PCR assays from colon showed that T. crassiceps-infected mice displayed increased expression of Arginase-1 but decreased expression of iNOS compared to DSS-treated uninfected mice. The percentages of T regulatory cells were not increased. The adoptive transfer of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMФs) from infected mice into mice with DSS-induced colitis reduced the severity of colon inflammation. Administration of indomethacin abrogated the anticolitic effect of Taenia. Thus, T. crassiceps infection limits the pathology of ulcerative colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses mechanistically associated with AAMФs and prostaglandins.
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36
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Di Loria A, Squillacioti C, De Luca A, Veneziano V, Mirabella N, Guccione J, Santoro D. Increased leptin mRNA expression in the blood of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet J 2014; 202:634-6. [PMID: 25458880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CL) is a severe and potentially fatal zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. Severe forms of CL are commonly associated with a non-protective, humoral immune-response and high parasitic loads. Leptin, a 16 kD hormone mainly secreted by adipocytes, regulates both the innate and adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to evaluate leptin mRNA expression levels in blood samples from privately owned dogs with CL (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 10) using quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples from dogs with CL expressed significantly higher leptin mRNA levels (two-fold) compared to healthy controls (P = 0.018). The results suggest a possible involvement of leptin in the pathophysiology of Leishmania infection in dogs and the possible use of leptin as a biomarker for CL. Future studies investigating the immunological role of leptin in dogs with CL are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Health Science, University of Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Caterina Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana De Luca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Jacopo Guccione
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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37
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Lima Maciel BL, Valverde JG, Rodrigues-Neto JF, Freire-Neto F, Keesen TSL, Jeronimo SMB. Dual immune modulatory effect of vitamin A in human visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107564. [PMID: 25268355 PMCID: PMC4182105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A supplementation has shown to prevent mortality by diarrheal and respiratory diseases in several countries. Nevertheless, there are few studies investigating the effect of vitamin A in visceral leishmaniasis (VL), although there are reports of its deficiency in children with symptomatic VL in Brazil and Bangladesh. This study analyzed the effect of vitamin A on a subset of Treg cells and monocytes isolated from symptomatic VL and from healthy children residing in an endemic area for VL in Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol concentrations correlated inversely with IL-10 and TGF-β productions in CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells isolated from children with VL stimulated with leishmanial antigens. All-trans retinoic acid in vitro induced IL-10 in CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells; IL-10 and TGF-β production in CD4(+)CD25-Foxp3- T cells, and IL-10 in monocytes isolated from healthy children. However, the use of all-trans retinoic acid together with leishmanial antigens in vitro prevented increases in IL-10 production in Treg cells and monocytes isolated from VL children. Strikingly, those results show a potential dual role of vitamin A in the immune system: improvement of a regulatory profile in cells from healthy children after leishmanial stimulation and down modulation of IL-10 in Treg cells and monocytes during symptomatic VL. Therefore, the use of vitamin A concomitant to VL therapy might be useful in improving recovery from disease status caused by Leishmania infantum infection and warrants additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna L. Lima Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Joanna Gardel Valverde
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Firmino Rodrigues-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Freire-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Tatjana S. L. Keesen
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Jergović M, Bendelja K, Vidović A, Savić A, Vojvoda V, Aberle N, Rabatić S, Jovanovic T, Sabioncello A. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit an altered phenotype of regulatory T cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 25670936 PMCID: PMC4322511 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune homeostasis in vivo. Tregs have a critical role in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases and defects in Treg function are implicated in various autoimmune disorders. Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders than the general population. We hypothesized that war veterans with PTSD would exhibit a decreased number and/or altered phenotype of Tregs. METHODS We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PTSD (N = 21) (mean age = 45.9) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 23) (mean age = 45.7) to determine the proportion of Tregs and their phenotype according to the expression of CD127 and HLA-DR markers which describe the differentiation stages of Tregs. In addition, we analyzed the expression of membrane ectoenzyme CD39 on Tregs of the study groups, an important component of the suppressive machinery of Tregs. RESULTS We found no differences in the proportion of Tregs between PTSD patients and controls, but PTSD patients had a higher percentage of CD127(-)HLA-DR(-) Tregs and a lower percentage of CD127(lo)HLA-DR(+) Tregs compared to controls. There was no difference in expression of CD39 on Tregs of the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the proportions of Tregs in PTSD patients were unchanged, we found that they exhibit a different phenotype of Tregs that might be less suppressive. Impaired differentiation and function of Tregs is likely involved in disruption of immune homeostasis in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anđelko Vidović
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Savić
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Vojvoda
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Aberle
- General hospital “dr. Josip Benčević”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Sabina Rabatić
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ante Sabioncello
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
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Helicobacter pylori Infection: Regulatory T Cells and Their Participation in the Immune Response. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Cysticerci drive dendritic cells to promote in vitro and in vivo Tregs differentiation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:981468. [PMID: 23762101 PMCID: PMC3677007 DOI: 10.1155/2013/981468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune homeostasis. Treg induction is a strategy that parasites have evolved to modulate the host's inflammatory environment, facilitating their establishment and permanence. In human Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NC), the concurrence of increased peripheral and central Treg levels and their capacity to inhibit T cell activation and proliferation support their role in controlling neuroinflammation. This study is aimed at identifing possible mechanisms of Treg induction in human NC. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy human donors, cocultivated with autologous CD4+ naïve cells either in the presence or absence of cysticerci, promoted CD25highFoxp3+ Treg differentiation. An increased Treg induction was observed when cysticerci were present. Moreover, an augmentation of suppressive-related molecules (SLAMF1, B7-H1, and CD205) was found in parasite-induced DC differentiation. Increased Tregs and a higher in vivo DC expression of the regulatory molecules SLAMF1 and CD205 in NC patients were also found. SLAMF1 gene was downregulated in NC patients with extraparenchymal cysticerci, exhibiting higher inflammation levels than patients with parenchymal parasites. Our findings suggest that cysticerci may modulate DC to favor a suppressive environment, which may help parasite establishment, minimizing the excessive inflammation, which may lead to tissue damage.
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Meechan P, Tungtrongchitr A, Chaisri U, Maklon K, Indrawattana N, Chaicumpa W, Sookrung N. Intranasal, liposome-adjuvanted cockroach allergy vaccines made of refined major allergen and whole-body extract of Periplaneta americana. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:351-62. [PMID: 23689057 DOI: 10.1159/000348314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroach (CR) allergens frequently cause severe asthma in CR-sensitized subjects. Allergen-specific immunotherapy causes a shift of allergic Th2 responses towards Th1 and/or regulatory T cell (Treg) responses which reduce airway inflammation and prevent disease progression. Data are relatively limited on immunotherapy via CR allergy vaccine. METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of an intranasal liposome-adjuvant vaccine made of a refined Periplaneta americana arginine kinase (AK) was compared to the liposome-entrapped P. americana crude extract (CRE) vaccine. Adult BALB/c mice were rendered allergic to CRE. Three allergic mouse groups were immunized intranasally on alternate days with 8 doses of liposome-entrapped CRE (L-CRE), liposome-entrapped AK and placebo, respectively. One week later, all mice received a nebulized CRE provocation. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was performed 1 day after provocation. RESULTS Liposome-entrapped native AK attenuated airway inflammation after the CRE provocation and caused a shift of allergic Th2 to Th1 and Treg responses. The L-CRE also induced a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response but did not induce a Treg response and could not attenuate the airway inflammation upon allergen reexposure. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal liposome-adjuvant CR allergy vaccine containing native AK (Per a 9) is better than L-CRE in attenuating allergic airway inflammation. The findings of this study not only document a more comprehensive and beneficial immune response induced by the refined allergen vaccine but also raise the point that the shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response alone might not correlate with improved airway histopathology, clinical outcome and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panissara Meechan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Human neurocysticercosis: immunological features involved in the host's susceptibility to become infected and to develop disease. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:524-30. [PMID: 23542217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human neurocysticercosis (NC) is a clinically and radiologically heterogeneous disease caused by the establishment of Taenia solium larvae in the central nervous system. Herein, the immunological and endocrinological features involved in resistance to infection and severe forms of the disease are reviewed, and their clinical relevance is discussed.
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Fleming J. Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis. Int J Parasitol 2013; 43:259-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Increased accumulation of regulatory granulocytic myeloid cells in mannose receptor C type 1-deficient mice correlates with protection in a mouse model of neurocysticercosis. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1052-63. [PMID: 23319563 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01176-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by the metacestode stage of the parasite Taenia solium. During NCC, the parasites release immunodominant glycan antigens in the CNS environment, invoking immune responses. The majority of the associated pathogenesis is attributed to the immune response against the parasites. Glycans from a number of pathogens, including helminths, act as pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) known as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Using a mouse model of NCC by infection with the related parasite Mesocestoides corti, we have investigated the role of mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), a CLR which recognizes high-mannose-containing glycan antigens. Here we show that MRC1(-/-) mice exhibit increased survival times after infection compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts. The decreased disease severity correlates with reduced levels of expression of markers implicated in NCC pathology, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, CCL5, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), in addition to induction of an important repair marker, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Furthermore, the immune cell subsets that infiltrate the brain of MRC1(-/-) mice are dramatically altered and characterized by reduced numbers of T cells and the accumulation of granulocytic cells with an immune phenotype resembling granulocytic myeloid-dependent suppressor cells (gMDSCs). The results suggest that MRC1 plays a critical role in myeloid plasticity, which in turn affects the adaptive immune response and immunopathogenesis during murine NCC.
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