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Mosaad H, Shalaby SM, Mahmoud NM, Ahmed MM, Fayed A, Ashour HR, Sarhan W. LncRNA ANRIL Promotes Glucose Metabolism and Proliferation of Colon Cancer in a High-Glucose Environment and is Associated with Worse Outcome in Diabetic Colon Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1371-1381. [PMID: 38679999 PMCID: PMC11162718 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential involvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a risk factor for colon cancer (CC) has been previously reported. Epigenetic changes, such as deregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miR), have been linked to the advancement of CC; however, the effects of high glucose levels on their deregulation and, in turn, colon cancer remain unexplored. METHODS Fifty patients had a dual diagnosis of CC and T2DM, and 60 patients with CC without diabetes mellitus were included in the study. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of lncRNA ANRIL and miR-186-5p in tissue samples. ANRIL, miR-186-5p, and their downstream target genes HIF-1α, PFK, HK, Bcl-2, and Bax were also determined in CC cell lines under various glucose conditions. Glucose uptake, lactate production and cells proliferation were estimated in CC cell lines. RESULTS A significant upregulation of ANRIL expression levels (p<0.001) and a significant downregulation of miR-186-5p expression (p<0.001) in diabetic colon cancer specimens compared to those in non-diabetic colon cancer group were observed. MiR-186-5p expression levels were inversely correlated with ANRIL expression levels, blood glucose levels and HbA1c%. Concerning in vitro model, a significant upregulation of ANRIL, downregulation of miR-186-5p, upregulation of HIF-1α, glycolytic enzymes and activation of antiapoptotic pathway was detected in higher glucose concentrations than lower one. There was a significant increase of glucose uptake, lactate accumulation and proliferation of the Caco2 and SW620 cell lines in a dose dependent manner of glucose concentrations. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between glucose uptake and ANRIL expression was shown. CONCLUSIONS A high-glucose environment can increase the tumor-promoting effect of ANRIL. ANRIL can promote glucose metabolism and colon cancer proliferation by downregulating miR-186-5p with subsequent upregulation of glycolysis enzymes expression and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mosaad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nevertyty M Mahmoud
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Fayed
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Hassan R Ashour
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Sarhan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Sun N, Wang Z, Zhu X, Tan S, Song R, Shi W, Han L, Yu Q. Potential Effects of NO-Induced Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α on Yak Meat Tenderness during Post-Mortem Aging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5944-5954. [PMID: 38466638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying nitric oxide (NO)-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its impact on yak muscle tenderness during post-mortem aging. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of yak were incubated at 4 °C for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 72 h after treatment with 0.9% saline, NO activator, or a combination of the NO activator and an HIF-1α inhibitor. Results indicated that elevated NO levels could increase HIF-1α transcription to achieve stable expression of HIF-1α protein (P < 0.05). Additionally, elevated NO triggered HIF-1α S-nitrosylation, which further upregulated the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, increased glycogen consumption, accelerated lactic acid accumulation, and decreased pH (P < 0.05). These processes eventually improved the tenderness of yak muscle during post-mortem aging (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that NO-induced activation of HIF-1α S-nitrosylation enhanced glycolysis during post-mortem aging and provided a possible pathway for improving meat tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xijin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Siyi Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Rende Song
- Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation, Yushu 815000, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenying Shi
- Qinghai Kekexili Food Co., Ltd., Xining 815000, Qinghai, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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Sakai Y, Egawa D, Hattori J, Morikawa Y, Suenami K, Takayama T, Nagai A, Michiue T, Ikari A, Matsunaga T. α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone derivatives induce differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell apoptosis via reduction of antioxidant capacity: Involvement of NO depletion and inactivation of Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:3-15. [PMID: 38040126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone (α-PNP) derivatives are known to be one of the hazardous new psychoactive substances due to the most extended hydrocarbon chains of any pyrrolidinophenones on the illicit drug market. Our previous report showed that 4'-iodo-α-PNP (I-α-PNP) is the most potent cytotoxic compound among α-PNP derivatives and induces apoptosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production in differentiated human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, to clarify the detailed action mechanisms by I-α-PNP, we investigated the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) -dependent apoptosis by I-α-PNP in differentiated SH-SY5Y with a focus on the antioxidant activities. Treatment with I-α-PNP elicits overproduction of ROS such as H2O2, hydroxyl radical, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine is attenuated the SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis by I-α-PNP. These results suggested that the overproduction of ROS is related to SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by I-α-PNP. In addition, I-α-PNP markedly decreased antioxidant capacity in differentiated cells than in undifferentiated cells and inhibited the upregulation of hemeoxygenase 1 (HO1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression caused by induction of differentiation. Furthermore, the treatment with I-α-PNP increased the nuclear expression level of BTB Domain And CNC Homolog 1 (Bach1), a transcriptional repressor of Nrf2, only in differentiated cells, suggesting that the marked decrease in antioxidant capacity in differentiated cells was due to suppression of Nrf2/HO1 signaling by Bach1. Additionally, pretreatment with an NO donor suppresses the I-α-PNP-evoked ROS overproduction, HO1 down-regulation, increased nuclear Bach1 expression and reduced antioxidant activity in the differentiated cells. These findings suggest that the ROS-dependent apoptosis by I-α-PNP in differentiated cells is attributed to the inactivation of the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway triggered by NO depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sakai
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Egawa
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Junta Hattori
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Suenami
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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Bonnici L, Suleiman S, Schembri-Wismayer P, Cassar A. Targeting Signalling Pathways in Chronic Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:50. [PMID: 38203220 PMCID: PMC10779022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds fail to achieve complete closure and are an economic burden to healthcare systems due to the limited treatment options and constant medical attention. Chronic wounds are characterised by dysregulated signalling pathways. Research has focused on naturally derived compounds, stem-cell-based therapy, small molecule drugs, oligonucleotide delivery nanoparticles, exosomes and peptide-based platforms. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), Wingless-related integration (Wnt)/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Notch and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathways have critical roles in wound healing by modulating the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases. Moreover, several regulators of the signalling pathways were demonstrated to be potential treatment targets. In this review, the current research on targeting signalling pathways under chronic wound conditions will be discussed together with implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Analisse Cassar
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.S.-W.)
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Ma Z, Mo R, Yang P, Ding Y, Zhang H, Dong Z, Chen Y, Tan Q. PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound healing through regulation of HIF-1α protein stability and gene expression. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23215. [PMID: 37737961 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300874rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation disorder is one of the main pathogenic characteristics of diabetic wounds. Orchestrated fibroblast functions and myofibroblast differentiation are crucial for wound contracture and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key enzyme regulating energy metabolism, has been implicated in modulating fibroblast function, but its specific role in diabetic wounds remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PDK4 on diabetic wounds and its underlying mechanisms. To assess the effect of PDK4 on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we conducted CCK-8, EdU proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Metabolic shifts were analyzed using the Seahorse XF analyzer, while changes in metabolite expression were measured through LC-MS. Local recombinant PDK4 administration was implemented to evaluate its influence on wound healing in diabetic mice. Finally, we found that sufficient PDK4 expression is essential for a normal wound-healing process, while PDK4 is low expressed in diabetic wound tissues and fibroblasts. PDK4 promotes proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast differentiation of HDFs and accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, PDK4-induced metabolic reprogramming increases the level of succinate that inhibits PHD2 enzyme activity, thus leading to the stability of the HIF-1α protein, during which process the elevated HIF-1α mRNA by PDK4 is also indispensable. In conclusion, PDK4 promotes fibroblast functions through regulation of HIF-1α protein stability and gene expression. Local recombinant PDK4 administration accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouji Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjun Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University (Zhenjiang Fourth People's Hospital), Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Anqing Shihua Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Anqing, China
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6
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Hall B, Żebrowska A, Sikora M, Siatkowski S, Robins A. The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Short-Term Glycaemic Control, Serum Level of Key Mediator in Hypoxia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes-An Exploratory Case Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3749. [PMID: 37686781 PMCID: PMC10490106 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with hyperglycaemia-induced hypoxia and inflammation. This study assessed the effects of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on glycaemia (BG) and serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an essential mediator of adaptive response to hypoxia in T1D patients. The macronutrient intake was also evaluated. Nine patients suffering from T1D for about 12 years and nine healthy individuals (CG) were enrolled and completed one session of HIIE at the intensity of 120% lactate threshold with a duration of 4 × 5 min intermittent with 5 min rests after each bout of exercise. Capillary and venous blood were withdrawn at rest, immediately after and at 24 h post-HIIE for analysis of BG, hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pre-exercise BG was significantly higher in the T1D patients compared to the CG (p = 0.043). HIIE led to a significant decline in T1D patients' BG (p = 0.027) and a tendency for a lower BG at 24 h post-HIIE vs. pre-HIIE. HIF-1α was significantly elevated in the T1D patients compared to CG and there was a trend for HIF-1α to decline, and for VEGF and TNF-α to increase in response to HIIE in the T1D group. Both groups consumed more and less than the recommended amounts of protein and fat, respectively. In the T1D group, a tendency for a higher digestible carbohydrate intake and more frequent hyperglycaemic episodes on the day after HIIE were observed. HIIE was effective in reducing T1D patients' glycaemia and improving short-term glycaemic control. HIIE has the potential to improve adaptive response to hypoxia by elevating the serum level of VEGF. Patients' diet and level of physical activity should be screened on a regular basis, and they should be educated on the glycaemic effects of digestible carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hall
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Żebrowska
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Sikora
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Siatkowski
- Institute of Healthy Living, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Robins
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, 43 Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK;
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Nasir NJM, Heemskerk H, Jenkins J, Hamadee NH, Bunte R, Tucker-Kellogg L. Myoglobin-derived iron causes wound enlargement and impaired regeneration in pressure injuries of muscle. eLife 2023; 12:85633. [PMID: 37267120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons for poor healing of pressure injuries are poorly understood. Vascular ulcers are worsened by extracellular release of hemoglobin, so we examined the impact of myoglobin (Mb) iron in murine muscle pressure injuries (mPI). Tests used Mb-knockout or treatment with deferoxamine iron chelator (DFO). Unlike acute injuries from cardiotoxin, mPI regenerated poorly with a lack of viable immune cells, persistence of dead tissue (necro-slough), and abnormal deposition of iron. However, Mb-knockout or DFO-treated mPI displayed a reversal of the pathology: decreased tissue death, decreased iron deposition, decrease in markers of oxidative damage, and higher numbers of intact immune cells. Subsequently, DFO treatment improved myofiber regeneration and morphology. We conclude that myoglobin iron contributes to tissue death in mPI. Remarkably, a large fraction of muscle death in untreated mPI occurred later than, and was preventable by, DFO treatment, even though treatment started 12 hr after pressure was removed. This demonstrates an opportunity for post-pressure prevention to salvage tissue viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Jannah Mohamed Nasir
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans Heemskerk
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- BioSyM and CAMP Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia Jenkins
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ralph Bunte
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- BioSyM and CAMP Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Alanazi IM, R Alzahrani A, Zughaibi TA, Al-Asmari AI, Tabrez S, Henderson C, Watson D, Grant MH. Metabolomics Analysis as a Tool to Measure Cobalt Neurotoxicity: An In Vitro Validation. Metabolites 2023; 13:698. [PMID: 37367855 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, cobalt neurotoxicity was investigated in human astrocytoma and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells using proliferation assays coupled with LC-MS-based metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques. Cells were treated with a range of cobalt concentrations between 0 and 200 µM. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed cobalt cytotoxicity and decreased cell metabolism in a dose and time-dependent manner was observed by metabolomics analysis, in both cell lines. Metabolomic analysis also revealed several altered metabolites particularly those related to DNA deamination and methylation pathways. One of the increased metabolites was uracil which can be generated from DNA deamination or fragmentation of RNA. To investigate the origin of uracil, genomic DNA was isolated and analyzed by LC-MS. Interestingly, the source of uracil, which is uridine, increased significantly in the DNA of both cell lines. Additionally, the results of the qRT-PCR showed an increase in the expression of five genes Mlh1, Sirt2, MeCP2, UNG, and TDG in both cell lines. These genes are related to DNA strand breakage, hypoxia, methylation, and base excision repair. Overall, metabolomic analysis helped reveal the changes induced by cobalt in human neuronal-derived cell lines. These findings could unravel the effect of cobalt on the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A Zughaibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Al-Asmari
- Laboratory Department, King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia
- Toxicology and Forensic Science Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
| | - David Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Mary Helen Grant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
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Samra YA, Zaidi Y, Rajpurohit P, Raghavan R, Cai L, Kaddour-Djebbar I, Tawfik A. Warburg Effect as a Novel Mechanism for Homocysteine-Induced Features of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021071. [PMID: 36674587 PMCID: PMC9865636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness. Recent studies have reported impaired glycolysis in AMD patients with a high lactate/pyruvate ratio. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) (Hyperhomocysteinemia, HHcy) was observed in several clinical studies, reporting an association between HHcy and AMD. We established the effect of HHcy on barrier function, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) structure, and induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. We hypothesize that HHcy contributes to AMD by inducing a metabolic switch in the mitochondria, in which cells predominantly produce energy by the high rate of glycolysis, or "Warburg", effect. Increased glycolysis results in an increased production of lactate, cellular acidity, activation of angiogenesis, RPE barrier dysfunction, and CNV. Evaluation of cellular energy production under HHcy was assessed by seahorse analysis, immunofluorescence, and western blot experiments. The seahorse analysis evaluated the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) as indicative of glycolysis. HHcy showed a significant increase in ECAR both in vivo using (Cystathionine β-synthase) cbs+/- and cbs-/- mice retinas and in vitro (Hcy-treated ARPE-19) compared to wild-type mice and RPE cells. Moreover, HHcy up-regulated glycolytic enzyme (Glucose transporter-1 (GlUT-1), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hexokinase 1 (HK1)) in Hcy-treated ARPE-19 and primary RPE cells isolated from cbs+/+, cbs+/-, and cbs-/- mice retinas. Inhibition of GLUT-1 or blocking of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) reduced glycolysis in Hcy-treated RPE and improved albumin leakage and CNV induction in Hcy-injected mice eyes. The current study suggests that HHcy causes a metabolic switch in the RPE cells from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis during AMD and confirms the involvement of NMDAR in this process. Therefore, targeting Glycolysis or NMDAR could be a novel therapeutic target for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A. Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yusra Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Raju Raghavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4479, USA
- Eye Research Center (OUWB)/ERC, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI 48309-4479, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-370-2398; Fax: +1-248-370-4211
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10
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Huang F, Lu X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Kuai L, Li B, Dong H, Shi J. Microenvironment-Based Diabetic Foot Ulcer Nanomedicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203308. [PMID: 36424137 PMCID: PMC9839871 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, are essentially chronic, nonhealing wounds caused by diabetic neuropathy, vascular disease, and bacterial infection. Given its pathogenesis, the DFU microenvironment is rather complicated and characterized by hyperglycemia, ischemia, hypoxia, hyperinflammation, and persistent infection. However, the current clinical therapies for DFU are dissatisfactory, which drives researchers to turn attention to advanced nanotechnology to address DFU therapeutic bottlenecks. In the last decade, a large number of multifunctional nanosystems based on the microenvironment of DFU have been developed with positive effects in DFU therapy, forming a novel concept of "DFU nanomedicine". However, a systematic overview of DFU nanomedicine is still unavailable in the literature. This review summarizes the microenvironmental characteristics of DFU, presents the main progress of wound healing, and summaries the state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for DFU. Furthermore, the main challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed and prospected, aiming to fuel and foster the development of DFU nanomedicines successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Yushan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of DermatologyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200437China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200443China
- Department of DermatologyYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200437China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and RegenerationMinistry of EducationTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University389 Xincun RoadShanghai200065China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic MedicineThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012)Shanghai200050China
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11
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Xu S, Tang L, Qian X, Wang Y, Gong J, Yang H, Su D. Molecular mechanism of Ginkgo biloba in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental evaluations. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14419. [PMID: 36121703 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba has gained increasing attention owing to its remarkable effects against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of G. biloba in hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, the effective ingredients and mechanisms of action of G. biloba in T2DM combined with NAFLD were investigated via an integrated strategy of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Thirty-four core targets for the alleviation of T2DM combined with NAFLD were identified and retrieved from multiple open-source databases, after validating the ameliorative effect of G. biloba on lipid accumulation in vitro. The targets IL6, IL1B, VEGFA, PTGS2, and CCL2, among others, with high network association values, were screened using Cytoscape. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that 34 compounds derived from G. biloba may exert therapeutic effects via response to molecule of bacterial origin, cellular response to lipid, and response to the hormone. In addition, the AGE-RAGE and IL-17 signaling pathways were predicted to be most significantly affected. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the molecular docking experiment showed that the most effective ingredients in G. biloba showed a strong binding affinity to the potential target active sites. Findings from further in vitro experiments confirmed that G. biloba treatment decreased the level of IL6, IL1B, and VEGFA protein. In conclusion, our findings provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of G. biloba in T2DM combined with NAFLD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As a medicinal food plant, G. biloba has been shown to exert benefits in cardiovascular diseases. However, the pharmacological material basis and complex mechanism of action in G. biloba in T2DM combined with NAFLD remain unknown. Here, the mechanism by which G. biloba could ameliorate T2DM combined with NAFLD was investigated, and the potential target and molecular mechanism were explored, through a comprehensive strategy combining network pharmacology and molecular docking. Our findings indicate that G. biloba exerts synergistic effects in treating T2DM combined with NAFLD through multi-ingredients, multi-targets, and multi-pathways; the findings also elucidate the nutritional and therapeutic potential of G. biloba in preventing and treating T2DM combined with NAFLD and provides robust evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lidan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Feng Z, Ou Y, Hao L. The roles of glycolysis in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950886. [PMID: 36059961 PMCID: PMC9428632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is of great significance in the progression of various cancers and is critical for cancer progression, diagnosis, and treatment. Cellular metabolic pathways mainly include glycolysis, fat metabolism, glutamine decomposition, and oxidative phosphorylation. In cancer cells, reprogramming metabolic pathways is used to meet the massive energy requirement for tumorigenesis and development. Metabolisms are also altered in malignant osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Among reprogrammed metabolisms, alterations in aerobic glycolysis are key to the massive biosynthesis and energy demands of OS cells to sustain their growth and metastasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that compared to normal cells, glycolysis in OS cells under aerobic conditions is substantially enhanced to promote malignant behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of OS. Glycolysis in OS is closely related to various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and numerous signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis. In recent years, a vast number of inhibitors and natural products have been discovered to inhibit OS progression by targeting glycolysis-related proteins. These potential inhibitors and natural products may be ideal candidates for the treatment of osteosarcoma following hundreds of preclinical and clinical trials. In this article, we explore key pathways, glycolysis enzymes, non-coding RNAs, inhibitors, and natural products regulating aerobic glycolysis in OS cells to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between glycolysis and the progression of OS and discover novel therapeutic approaches targeting glycolytic metabolism in OS.
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Hypoxia mimetics restore bone biomineralisation in hyperglycaemic environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13944. [PMID: 35977987 PMCID: PMC9385857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of fracture and an increased occurrence of impaired fracture healing. Diabetic and hyperglycaemic conditions have been shown to impair the cellular response to hypoxia, via an inhibited hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway. We investigated, using an in vitro hyperglycaemia bone tissue engineering model (and a multidisciplinary bone characterisation approach), the differing effects of glucose levels, hypoxia and chemicals known to stabilise HIF-1α (CoCl2 and DMOG) on bone formation. Hypoxia (1% O2) inhibited bone nodule formation and resulted in discrete biomineralisation as opposed to the mineralised extracellular collagen fibres found in normoxia (20% O2). Unlike hypoxia, the use of hypoxia mimetics did not prevent nodule formation in normal glucose level. Hyperglycaemic conditions (25 mM and 50 mM glucose) inhibited biomineralisation. Interestingly, both hypoxia mimetics (CoCl2 and DMOG) partly restored hyperglycaemia inhibited bone nodule formation. These results highlight the difference in osteoblast responses between hypoxia mimetics and actual hypoxia and suggests a role of HIF-1α stabilisation in bone biomineralisation that extends that of promoting neovascularisation, or other system effects associated with hypoxia and bone regeneration in vivo. This study demonstrates that targeting the HIF pathway may represent a promising strategy for bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
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Machcinska S, Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wisniewska J, Rokka A, Pääkkönen M, Slowinska M, Gawronska-Kozak B. Hypoxia reveals a new function of Foxn1 in the keratinocyte antioxidant defense system. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22436. [PMID: 35792861 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200249rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin exposed to environmental threats, including injuries and oxidative stress, develops an efficient but not fully recognized system of repair and antioxidant protection. Here, using mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS), followed by in vitro and in vivo experiments, we provided evidence that Foxn1 in keratinocytes regulates elements of the electron transport chain and participates in the thioredoxin system (Txn2, Txnrd3, and Srxn1) induction, particularly in a hypoxic environment. We first showed that Foxn1 in keratinocytes upregulates glutathione thioredoxin reductase 3 (Txnrd3) protein expression, and high levels of Txnrd3 mRNA were detected in injured skin of Foxn1+/+ mice. We also showed that Foxn1 strongly downregulated the Ccn2 protein expression, participating in epidermal reconstruction after injury. An in vitro assay revealed that Foxn1 controls keratinocyte migration, stimulating it under normoxia and suppressing it under hypoxia. Keratinocytes overexpressing Foxn1 and exposed to hypoxia displayed a reduced ability to promote angiogenesis by downregulating Vegfa expression. In conclusion, this study showed a new mechanism in which Foxn1, along with hypoxia, participates in the activation of antioxidant defense and controls the functional properties of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Machcinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wisniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mariola Slowinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Integrated omics analysis revealed the Tinospora cordifolia intervention modulated multiple signaling pathways in hypertriglyceridemia patients-a pilot clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:379-397. [PMID: 35673460 PMCID: PMC9167413 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is strongly associated with the various types of disease conditions and evolving as epidemics. Hence, it is important to identify molecules that lower the triglyceride and chylomicron levels. Tinospora cordifolia is an illustrious Ayurveda drug, has proved juvenile and immunomodulatory properties. Methods Twenty four (24) patients having >499 mg/dL TG and 130-230 mg/dL of cholesterol were randomized and given 100 mL/day (~3.0 g) water extract of T. cordifolia (TCE) for 14 days. Basal parameters were analyzed before and after TC intervention to analyzed primary outcomes. Further, unbiased metabolomics and proteomics profiling was explored to assess the efficacy of TCE in HTG patients. Results TCE intervention decreased the levels of triglycerides, and VLDL to 380.45 ± 17.44, and 31.85 ± 5.88, and increased the HDL levels to 47.50 ± 9.05 mg/dL significantly (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified the significant alteration in 69 metabolites and 72 proteins in plasma of HTG patients. TCE intervention reduced the level of isoprostanes, ROS, BCAA, and fatty acid derivatives, significantly. The annotation databases, Metboanalyst predicted Akt and Rap1 signaling, and ECM-receptor interaction is the most affected in HTG patients. TCE intervention normalized these events by increasing the peroxisome biogenesis and modulating Akt and Rap1 signaling pathway. Conclusion T. cordifolia intervention suppresses the baseline in HTG patients. Omics analysis showed that TCE intervention modulates the Akt and Rap signaling, and peroxisome biogenesis to control the cellular switches and signaling pathways. Hence, TCE can be used as a supplement or alternate of standard drugs being used in the management of HTG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00985-6.
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Canovai A, Amato R, Melecchi A, Dal Monte M, Rusciano D, Bagnoli P, Cammalleri M. Preventive Efficacy of an Antioxidant Compound on Blood Retinal Barrier Breakdown and Visual Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:811818. [PMID: 35046830 PMCID: PMC8762314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.811818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic retinopathy (DR), high blood glucose drives chronic oxidative stress and inflammation that trigger alterations of the neurovascular balance finally resulting in vascular abnormalities and retinal cell death, which converge towards altered electroretinogram (ERG). In the last years, a growing body of preclinical evidence has suggested that nutrients with anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties can be able to hamper DR progression since its very early stages. In the present study, we used a streptozotocin-induced rat model of DR, which mimics most aspects of the early stages of human DR, to test the preventive efficacy of a novel compound containing cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), verbascoside and zinc as nutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Western blot, immunofluorescence and electroretinographic analyses demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related mechanisms, with a significant counterpart in preventing molecular mechanisms leading to DR-associated vasculopathy and its related retinal damage. Preventive efficacy of the compound on dysfunctional a- and b-waves was also demonstrated by electroretinography. The present demonstration that natural compounds, possibly as a consequence of vascular rescue following ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation, may prevent the apoptotic cascade leading to ERG dysfunction, adds further relevance to the potential application of antioxidants as a preventive therapy to counteract DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Owczarek A, Gieczewska KB, Jarzyna R, Frydzinska Z, Winiarska K. Transcription Factor ChREBP Mediates High Glucose-Evoked Increase in HIF-1α Content in Epithelial Cells of Renal Proximal Tubules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413299. [PMID: 34948094 PMCID: PMC8705933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia/diabetes appears to be accompanied by the state of hypoxia, which especially affects kidneys. The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism of high glucose action on HIF-1α expression in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The research hypotheses included: (1) the participation of transcription factor ChREBP; and (2) the involvement of the effects resulting from pseudohypoxia, i.e., lowered intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio. The experiments were performed on HK-2 cells and primary cells: D-RPTEC (Diseased Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells—Diabetes Type II) and RPTEC (Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells). Protein and mRNA contents were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively. ChREBP binding to DNA was detected applying chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by RT-qPCR. Gene knockdown was performed using siRNA. Sirtuin activity and NAD+/NADH ratio were measured with commercially available kits. It was found that high glucose in HK-2 cells incubated under normoxic conditions: (1) activated transcription of HIF-1 target genes, elevated HIF-1α and ChREBP content, and increased the efficacy of ChREBP binding to promoter region of HIF1A gene; and (2), although it lowered NAD+/NADH ratio, it affected neither sirtuin activity nor HIF-1α acetylation level. The stimulatory effect of high glucose on HIF-1α expression was not observed upon the knockdown of ChREBP encoding gene. Experiments on RPTEC and D-RPTEC cells demonstrated that HIF-1α content in diabetic proximal tubular cells was lower than that in normal ones but remained high glucose-sensitive, and the latter phenomenon was mediated by ChREBP. Thus, it is concluded that the mechanism of high glucose-evoked increase in HIF-1α content in renal proximal tubule endothelial cells involves activation of ChREBP, indirectly capable of HIF1A gene up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (R.J.); (Z.F.)
| | - Katarzyna B. Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Jarzyna
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (R.J.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zuzanna Frydzinska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (R.J.); (Z.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Winiarska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (R.J.); (Z.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Z, Ning F, Wang C, Yu H, Ma Q, Sun Y. Normalization of the tumor microvasculature based on targeting and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17254-17271. [PMID: 34651623 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process for tumor development. Owing to the imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, the tumor vasculature possesses the characteristics of tortuous, hyperpermeable vessels and compressive force, resulting in a reduction in the effect of traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Anti-angiogenesis has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Tumor angiogenesis, however, has been proved to be a complex process in which the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in the initiation and development of the tumor microvasculature. The host stromal cells in the TME, such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and Treg cells, contribute to angiogenesis. Furthermore, the abnormal metabolic environment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, leads to the up-regulated expression of angiogenic factors. Indeed, normalization of the tumor microvasculature via targeting and modulating the TME has become a promising strategy for anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the abnormalities of the tumor microvasculature, tumor angiogenesis induced by an abnormal metabolic environment and host stromal cells, as well as drug delivery therapies to restore the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by targeting and normalizing the tumor vasculature in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Fang Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Changduo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Hongli Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Qingming Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G, Casado-Díaz A. Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) on Mesenchymal Stem-Cell (MSC) Biology: Implications for Regenerative Medicine - Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:56-76. [PMID: 34677817 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a ubiquitous protease that can be found in membrane-anchored or soluble form. Incretins are one of the main DPP4 substrates. These hormones regulate glucose levels, by stimulating insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon production. Because DPP4 levels are high in diabetes, DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) drugs derived from gliptin are widespread used as hypoglycemic agents for its treatment. However, as DPP4 recognizes other substrates such as chemokines, growth factors and neuropeptides, pleiotropic effects have been observed in patients treated with DPP4i. Several of these substrates are part of the stem-cell niche. Thus, they may affect different physiological aspects of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC). They include viability, differentiation, mobilization and immune response. MSC are involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, such cells and their secretomes have a high clinical potential in regenerative medicine. In this context, DPP4 activity may modulate different aspects of MSC regenerative capacity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the effect of different DPP4 substrates on MSC. Likewise, how the regulation of DPP4 activity by DPP4i can be applied in regenerative medicine. That includes treatment of cardiovascular and bone pathologies, cutaneous ulcers, organ transplantation and pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, among others. Thus, DPP4i has an important clinical potential as a complement to therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. They involve enhancing the differentiation, immunomodulation and mobilization capacity of MSC for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición - GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, CIBERFES, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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20
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Basu P, Kim JH, Saeed S, Martins-Green M. Using systems biology approaches to identify signalling pathways activated during chronic wound initiation. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:881-898. [PMID: 34536049 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a significant health problem worldwide. However, nothing is known about how chronic wounds initiate and develop. Here we use a chronic wound model in diabetic mice and a Systems Biology Approach using nanoString nCounter technology and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), with tissues collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-wounding, to identify metabolic signalling pathways involved in initiation of chronicity. Normalized counts obtained from the nanoString nCounter Mouse Metabolic Panel were used for the WGCNA, which groups genes into co-expression modules to visualize the correlation network. Genes with significant module membership and gene trait significance (p < 0.05) were used to identify signalling pathways that are important for the development of chronicity. The pathway analysis using the Reactome database showed stabilization of PTEN, which down-regulates PI3K/AKT1, which in turn down-regulates Nrf2, as shown by ELISA, thus disabling antioxidant production, resulting in high oxidative stress levels. We find that pathways involved in inflammation, including those that generate pro-inflammatory lipids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism, IFNγ and catecholamines, occur. Moreover, HIF3α is over-expressed, potentially blocking Hif1α and preventing activation of growth factors and cytokines that promote granulation tissue formation. We also find that FGF1 is under-expressed, while thrombospondin-1 is over-expressed, resulting in decreased angiogenesis, a process that is critical for healing. Finally, enzymes involved in glycolysis are down-regulated, resulting in decreased production of pyruvate, a molecule critical for ATP production, leading to extensive cell death and wound paralysis. These findings offer new avenues of study that may lead to the development of novel treatments of CW to be administered right after debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proma Basu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, UC, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jane Hannah Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, UC, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shayan Saeed
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, UC, Riverside, California, USA
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21
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Feng Y, Chai X, Chen Y, Ning Y, Zhao Y. Network Pharmacology Approach for Predicting Targets of Zishen Yutai Pills on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8215454. [PMID: 34394393 PMCID: PMC8357500 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8215454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
METHODS A comprehensive strategy based on several Chinese herb databases and chemical compound databases was established to screen active compounds of ZSYTP and predict target genes. For network pharmacological analysis, network construction and gene enrichment analysis were conducted and further verified by molecular docking. RESULTS A total of 476 target genes of ZSYTP were obtained from 205 active compounds. 13 herbs of ZSYTP overlapped on 8 active compounds based on the compound-target-disease network (C-T network). 20 biological processes and 9 pathways were strongly connected to the targets of ZSYTP in treating POI, including negative regulation of gene expression, mRNA metabolic process, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, and gluconeogenesis. Finally, molecular docking was visualized. CONCLUSION Intriguingly, the signal pathways and biological processes uncovered in this study implicate inflamm-aging and glucose metabolism as potential pathological mechanisms of POI. The therapeutic effect of ZSYTP could be mediated by regulating glucose metabolism and HIF-1 signal pathway. Collectively, this study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of ZSYTP on POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Feng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xinyi Chai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Singapore Thong Chai Medical Institution, 169874, Singapore
| | - Yingyin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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22
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Durrani IA, Bhatti A, John P. The prognostic outcome of 'type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer' association pivots on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34225729 PMCID: PMC8259382 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are complex, chronic, heterogeneous, and multi-factorial diseases; with common risk factors including but not limited to diet, obesity, and age. They also share mutually inclusive phenotypic features such as the metabolic deregulations resulting from hyperglycemia, hypoxic conditions and hormonal imbalances. Although, the association between diabetes and cancer has long been speculated; however, the exact molecular nature of this link remains to be fully elucidated. Both the diseases are leading causes of death worldwide and a causal relationship between the two if not addressed, may translate into a major global health concern. Previous studies have hypothesized hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, as some of the possible grounds for explaining how diabetes may lead to cancer initiation, yet further research still needs to be done to validate these proposed mechanisms. At the crux of this dilemma, hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two intimately related states involving an intricate level of crosstalk and hypoxia inducible factor 1, at the center of this, plays a key role in mediating an aggressive disease state, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer. Subsequently, elucidating the role of HIF1 in establishing the diabetes-breast cancer link on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis may not only provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the association but also, illuminate on the prognostic outcome of the therapeutic targeting of HIF1 signaling in diabetic patients with breast cancer or vice versa. Hence, this review highlights the critical role of HIF1 signaling in patients with both T2DM and breast cancer, potentiates its significance as a prognostic marker in comorbid patients, and further discusses the potential prognostic outcome of targeting HIF1, subsequently establishing the pressing need for HIF1 molecular profiling-based patient selection leading to more effective therapeutic strategies emerging from personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhaam Ayaz Durrani
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Peter John
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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23
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Améndola-Pimenta M, Ortega-Rosas DA, Pereira-Santana A, Hernández-Velázquez IM, González-Penagos CE, Pérez-Vega JA, Del Río-García M, Árcega-Cabrera F, Rodríguez-Canul R. Gill and liver transcriptomic responses of Achirus lineatus (Neopterygii: Achiridae) exposed to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of light crude oil reveal an onset of hypoxia-like condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34309-34327. [PMID: 33646544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is one of the most widespread pollutants released into the marine environment, and native species have provided useful information about the effect of crude oil pollution in marine ecosystems. We consider that the lined sole Achirus lineatus can be a useful monitor of the effect of crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) because this flounder species has a wide distribution along the GoM, and its response to oil components is relevant. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptomic changes in liver and gill of adults lined sole fish (Achirus lineatus) exposed to a sublethal acute concentration of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of light crude oil for 48 h. RNA-Seq was performed to assess the transcriptional changes in both organs. A total of 1073 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in gills; 662 (61.69%) were upregulated, and 411 (38.30%) were downregulated whereas in liver, 515 DEGs; 306 (59.42%) were upregulated, and 209 (40.58%) were downregulated. Xenobiotic metabolism and redox metabolism, along with DNA repair mechanisms, were activated. The induction of hypoxia-regulated genes and the generalized regulation of multiple signaling pathways support the hypothesis that WAF exposition causes a hypoxia-like condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Monica Améndola-Pimenta
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- División de Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, C.P. 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo González-Penagos
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marcela Del Río-García
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Flor Árcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km 6., CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Chen Y, Chen J, Shu A, Liu L, Wu Q, Wu J, Song S, Fan W, Zhu Y, Xu H, Sun J, Yang L. Combination of the Herbs Radix Rehmanniae and Cornus Officinalis Mitigated Testicular Damage From Diabetes Mellitus by Enhancing Glycolysis via the AGEs/RAGE/HIF-1α Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:678300. [PMID: 34262451 PMCID: PMC8273766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.678300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Rehmanniae and Cornus Officinalis (RR-CO) have been widely used as "nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney" herb pairs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the theory of "kidney governing reproduction" in TCM, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of RR-CO on DM-induced reproduction damage through regulating testicular glycolysis. Moreover, the regulation of AGEs/RAGE/HIF-1α axis on the testicular glycolysis process has also been studied. Spontaneous DM model KK-Ay mice were used to investigate the protective effect of RR, CO, RR-CO on DM-induced reproductive disturbances. RR, CO, RR-CO improved DM-induced renal and testicular morphology damages. Moreover, the impaired spermatogenesis, germ cell apoptosis and motility in testis induced upon DM were also attenuated by RR, CO or RR-CO, accompanied by an increased level of glycolysis metabolomics such as l-lactate, d-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, etc. Meanwhile, glucose membrane transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, HIF-1α were upregulated by RR, CO and RR-CO treatment compared with the model group, whereas AGE level and RAGE expression were decreased with the drug administration. The RR-CO group was associated with superior protective effects in comparison to RR, CO use only. Aminoguanidine (Ami) and FPS-ZM1, the AGEs and RAGE inhibitors, were used as a tool drug to study the mechanism, showing different degrees of protection against DM-induced reproductive damage. This work preliminarily sheds light on the herb pair RR-CO exhibited favorable effects against DM-induced reproductive disturbances through enhancing testicular glycolysis, which might be mediated by AGEs/RAGE/HIF-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Anmei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Juansong Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- College of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihu Sun
- College of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Liucai Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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Dwivedi PSR, Rasal VP, Kotharkar E, Nare S, Khanal P. Gene set enrichment analysis of PPAR-γ regulators from Murraya odorata Blanco. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:369-375. [PMID: 34178844 PMCID: PMC8212318 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is reported to regulate insulin sensitivity and progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence the present study is aimed to identify PPAR-γ regulators from Murraya odorata Blanco and predict their role to manage T2DM. METHODS Multiple in-silico tools and databases like SwissTargetPrediction, ADVERPred, PubChem, and MolSoft, were used to retrieve the information related to bioactives, targets, druglikeness character, and probable side effects as applicable. Similarly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to identify the regulated pathways. Further, the bioactives-protein-pathways network interaction was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, molecular docking was performed using Autodock4. RESULTS Twenty-five bioactives were shortlisted in which six were predicted as PPAR-γ modulators. Among them, stigmasterol was predicted to possess the best binding affinity towards PPAR-γ and possessed no side effects. Similarly, n-hexadecanoic acid was predicted to modulate the highest number of proteins, and protein CD14 was targeted by the highest number of bioactives. Further, the PI3K-Akt pathway was predicted as the maximum modulated genes. CONCLUSIONS The anti-diabetic property of the Murraya odorata Blanco of fruit pulp may be due to the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid and stigmasterol; may also involve in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway which needs further investigated by in-vitro and in-vivo protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarambh SR Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - V. P. Rasal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Ekta Kotharkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Shailaja Nare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
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26
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Fang J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Ma Z, Huang Z, Hu J. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 may play pivotal role in distraction-stimulated neovascularization of diabetic foot ulcer. Med Hypotheses 2021; 149:110548. [PMID: 33690002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) has become a major medical, social and economic concern worldwide. It is highly desirable to develop promising new solutions to effectively and appropriately treat DFU. In recent years, investigators have used an innovative technology called proximal tibial cortex transverse distraction (PTCTD) to treat DFU and have achieved satisfactory results in terms of improved wound healing and circumvention of amputation as a consequence of enhanced neovascularization and perfusion of the ulcerated feet after the operation, but the underlying mechanism has not been explored. Previous studies have suggested that in addition to stimulating osteogenesis, bone distraction also facilitates neovascularization, which may be associated with the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). As an important member of the chemokine family, SDF-1 is primarily responsible for the homing and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and plays a central role in the process of neovascularization. In vivo or in vitro experiments show that bone distraction can induce the expression of SDF-1 and increase its plasma concentration. Moreover, some researchers have found that an insufficient level of SDF-1 in the circulation and wounds of patients with DFU can lead to impaired neovascularization. Therefore, we believe that SDF-1 plays an important role in promoting neovascularization of DFU as a result of bone distraction. We summarize the currently relevant literature to put forward an undisclosed but meaningful mechanism of bone distraction in the treatment of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhuang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonglian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Hu XF, Xiang G, Wang TJ, Ma YB, Zhang Y, Yan YB, Zhao X, Wu ZX, Feng YF, Lei W. Impairment of type H vessels by NOX2-mediated endothelial oxidative stress: critical mechanisms and therapeutic targets for bone fragility in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:3796-3812. [PMID: 33664862 PMCID: PMC7914348 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mechanisms underlying the compromised bone formation in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which causes bone fragility and frequent fractures, remain poorly understood. Recent advances in organ-specific vascular endothelial cells (ECs) identify type H blood vessel injury in the bone, which actively direct osteogenesis, as a possible player. Methods: T1DM was induced in mice by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in two severity degrees. Bony endothelium, the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and bone mass quality were evaluated. Insulin, antioxidants, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors were administered to diabetic animals to investigate possible mechanisms and design therapeutic strategies. Results: T1DM in mice led to the holistic abnormality of the vascular system in the bone, especially type H vessels, resulting in the uncoupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibition of bone formation. The severity of osteopathy was positively related to glycemic levels. These pathological changes were attenuated by early-started, but not late-started, insulin therapy. ECs in diabetic bones showed significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOX 1 and 2. Impairments of bone vessels and bone mass were effectively ameliorated by treatment with anti-oxidants or NOX2 inhibitors, but not by a NOX1/4 inhibitor. GSK2795039 (GSK), a NOX2 inhibitor, significantly supplemented the insulin effect on the diabetic bone. Conclusions: Diabetic osteopathy could be a chronic microvascular complication of T1DM. The impairment of type H vessels by NOX2-mediated endothelial oxidative stress might be an important contributor that can serve as a therapeutic target for T1DM-induced osteopathy.
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Gabryelska A, Karuga FF, Szmyd B, Białasiewicz P. HIF-1α as a Mediator of Insulin Resistance, T2DM, and Its Complications: Potential Links With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1035. [PMID: 33013447 PMCID: PMC7509176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is described as an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as for insulin resistance (IR). The mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. One of the proposed molecular mechanism is based on the oxygen-sensitive α-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α)-a key regulator of oxygen metabolism. The concept that stabilization of HIF-1α may influence T2DM and IR is supported by cell and animal models. Cell culture studies revealed that both glucose uptake and glycolysis are regulated by HIF-1α. Furthermore, animal models indicated that increased fasting glucose may be caused by a single night with intermittent hypoxia. Moreover, in these models, hypoxia time was correlated with IR. Mice models revealed that inhibition of HIF-1α protein may downregulate fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin level. Administration of superoxide dismutase mimetic resulted in inhibition of HIF-1α protein, catecholamines, and chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension in a mice model. The hypothesis that hypoxia is an independent risk factor for IR is strengthened by experimentally confirmed improvement of insulin sensitivity among OSA patients treated with the continuous positive airway pressure. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that HIF-1α protein concentration is increased in individuals with OSA. In this literature review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIF-1α in OSA in relation to the possible pathways in which they contribute to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Wang K, Dai X, He J, Yan X, Yang C, Fan X, Sun S, Chen J, Xu J, Deng Z, Fan J, Yuan X, Liu H, Carlson EC, Shen F, Wintergerst KA, Conklin DJ, Epstein PN, Lu C, Tan Y. Endothelial Overexpression of Metallothionein Prevents Diabetes-Induced Impairment in Ischemia Angiogenesis Through Preservation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF Signaling in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1779-1792. [PMID: 32404351 PMCID: PMC7519474 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and impaired endothelial regeneration. Thus, we tested whether increasing antioxidant protein metallothionein (MT) in EPCs promotes angiogenesis in a hind limb ischemia (HLI) model in endothelial MT transgenic (JTMT) mice with high-fat diet- and streptozocin-induced diabetes. Compared with littermate wild-type (WT) diabetic mice, JTMT diabetic mice had improved blood flow recovery and angiogenesis after HLI. Similarly, transplantation of JTMT bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) stimulated greater blood flow recovery in db/db mice with HLI than did WT BM-MNCs. The improved recovery was associated with augmented EPC mobilization and angiogenic function. Further, cultured EPCs from patients with diabetes exhibited decreased MT expression, increased cell apoptosis, and impaired tube formation, while cultured JTMT EPCs had enhanced cell survival, migration, and tube formation in hypoxic/hyperglycemic conditions compared with WT EPCs. Mechanistically, MT overexpression enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced oxidative stress in ischemic tissues. MT's pro-EPC effects were abrogated by siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α without affecting its antioxidant action. These results indicate that endothelial MT overexpression is sufficient to protect against diabetes-induced impairment of angiogenesis by promoting EPC function, most likely through upregulation of HIF-1α/SDF-1/VEGF signaling and reducing oxidative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hindlimb/pathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xia Fan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jiawei Fan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Experimental Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Edward C Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, Louisville, KY
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30
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Zhao H, Narasimhan P, Kalish F, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Dysregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif1α) expression in the Hmox1-deficient placenta. Placenta 2020; 99:108-116. [PMID: 32784053 PMCID: PMC7549641 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Severe hypoxia exists in placentas during early pregnancy, with reoxygenation during mid-gestation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif1α), an oxygen sensor, initiates placental vascular development. We have shown that the placental vasculature in Hmox1-deficient (Hmox1+/−, Het) pregnancies is impaired, with morphological defects similar to Hif1α-deficient placentas. Materials and methods Whole wild-type (WT) and Het mouse placentas were collected at E8.5 (1%–3% O2) and E9.5–15.5 (8%–10% O2). mRNA levels were determined using real-time RT-PCR or PCR arrays and protein levels using Western blot. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from WT, Het, and Hmox1 knockout (KO) mice, representing different Hmox1 cellular levels, were generated to study the role of Hmox1 on Hif1α ′s response to hypoxia-reoxygenation and gestational age-specific placental lysates. Results Hif1α was expressed in WT and Het placentas throughout gestation, with protein levels peaking at E8.5 and mRNA levels significantly upregulated from E9.5–E13.5, but significantly lower in Het placentas. Genes associated with angiogenesis (Vegfa, Vegfr1, Mmp2, Cxcl12, Angpt1, Nos3), antioxidants (Sod1, Gpx1), and transcription factors (Ap2, Bach1, Nrf2) were significantly different in Het placentas. In response to in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation and to WT or Het placental lysates, Hif1α transcription was lower in Het and Hmox1 KO BMDMs compared with WT BMDMs. Discussion These findings suggest that deficiencies in Hmox1 underlie the insufficient placental Hif1α response to hypoxia-reoxygenation during gestation and subsequently impair downstream placental vascular formation. Therefore, a dysregulation of Hif1α expression caused by any genetic defect or environmental influence in early pregnancy could be the root cause of pregnancy disorders. Expression of Hif1α in wild-type (WT) placentas is gestational age-dependent. Hif1α expression is reduced in Hmox1-deficient placentas. Expression of angiogenic genes is altered in Hmox1-deficient placentas. Hypoxia-reoxygenation induces a differential expression of Hif1α in cells. Adding placental lysates dysregulates expression of Hif1α in Hmox1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Purnima Narasimhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Flora Kalish
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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31
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Aki T, Funakoshi T, Noritake K, Unuma K, Uemura K. Extracellular glucose is crucially involved in the fate decision of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10581. [PMID: 32601294 PMCID: PMC7324593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of inflammatory cell death, is dependent on the inflammatory caspase-mediated cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the subsequent pore formation on plasma membranes through which interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are released from cells. During proinflammatory activation, macrophages shift their metabolism from aerobic oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α is involved in the induction of IL-1β gene expression as well as the metabolic shift towards glycolysis. However, the relationships between pyroptosis and glycolysis, as well as between pyroptosis and HIF1α are poorly investigated. Here we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells results in pyroptosis when cells are cultured in high glucose medium. During pyroptosis, HIF1α activation occurs transiently followed by downregulation to sub-basal levels. HIF1α downregulation and pyroptosis are observed when cells are stimulated with LPS under high glucose conditions. We also found that intracellular levels of methylglyoxal (MGO), a side product of glycolysis, increase when cells are stimulated with LPS under high glucose conditions. The addition of glycolysis inhibitor and rapamycin suppresses HIF1α downregulation and pyroptosis. These results show that glycolysis plays a crucial role not only in pro-inflammatory activation, but also in pyroptosis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH, Tarzi ME, Juybari KB, Abolhassani M, Sharifi AM, Paseban H, Saravani M, Mirzamohammadi S. Protective effect of hydralazine on a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease: a possible role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:405-414. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by a low expression level of cerebral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Hence, activating the hypoxia-signaling pathway may be a favorable therapeutic approach for curing PD. This study explored the efficacy of hydralazine, a well-known antihypertensive agent, for restoring the impaired HIF-1 signaling in PD, with the aid of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxicity of hydralazine and 6-OHDA on the SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and apoptosis detection assays. The activities of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Expression levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes at the protein level were assessed by Western blotting. Hydralazine showed no toxic effects on SH-SY5Y cells, at the concentration of ≤50 μmol/L. Hydralazine decreased the levels of apoptosis, malondialdehyde, and NO, and increased the activities of FRAP and SOD in cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Furthermore, hydralazine up-regulated the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter in the cells also exposed to 6-OHDA, by comparison with the cells exposed to 6-OHDA alone. In summary, hydralazine priming could attenuate the deleterious effects of 6-OHDA on SH-SY5Y cells by increasing cellular antioxidant capacity, as well as the protein levels of HIF-1α and its downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojde Esmaeili Tarzi
- Cardiovascular research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamze Paseban
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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33
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Nielsen PM, Mariager CØ, Mølmer M, Sparding N, Genovese F, Karsdal MA, Nørregaard R, Bertelsen LB, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized [1- 13 C] alanine production: A novel imaging biomarker of renal fibrosis. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2063-2073. [PMID: 32452096 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is strongly linked to the progressive decline of renal function seen in chronic kidney disease. State-of-the-art noninvasive diagnostic modalities are currently unable to detect the earliest changes associated with the onset of fibrosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential for detecting the earliest alterations in fibrogenesis using a biofluid-based method and metabolic hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate imaging. METHODS We evaluated renal fibrosis in a combined ischemia reperfusion-induced and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rodent model by hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI and correlated the metabolic MRI parameters with biomarkers of fibrosis measured on renal tissue and plasma/urine. RESULTS The hyperglycemic rats experienced maladaptive injury repair after the ischemic insults, as shown by the elevation in the injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Renal function was significantly impaired in the ischemic hyperglycemic kidney, as seen in the reduced perfusion and single-kidney glomerular filtration rate. A deranged energy metabolism was detected in the ischemic hyperglycemic kidney, as seen in the reduced fractional perfusion of lactate. Renal fibrosis biomarkers correlated significantly with the alanine production. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI provides a promising approach to assess renal fibrosis in an animal model of fibrotic chronic kidney disease. In particular, the metabolic supply of amino acids for fibrogenesis (alanine production) correlates well with biomarkers of fibrosis. Thus, [1-13 C]pyruvate-to-[1-13 C]alanine conversion might be a candidate for noninvasive assessment of renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Mølmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zehra M, Zubairi W, Hasan A, Butt H, Ramzan A, Azam M, Mehmood A, Falahati M, Chaudhry AA, Rehman IU, Yar M. Oxygen Generating Polymeric Nano Fibers That Stimulate Angiogenesis and Show Efficient Wound Healing in a Diabetic Wound Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3511-3522. [PMID: 32547010 PMCID: PMC7244241 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s248911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic wounds are challenging to treat due to a wide range of pathophysiological changes. Hypoxia is one of the predominant contributing factors of poor vascularization and chronicity in diabetic wounds. This study was designed to develop polycaprolactone (PCL)-based oxygen-releasing electrospun wound dressings and evaluate their efficacy for improved full thickness wound healing in diabetic rats. Methods PCL-based oxygen releasing wound dressings were made using electrospinning technology. The developed dressings were characterized in terms of physical as well as biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. E-spun nanofibrous dressings were physically characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To study the likely impact of the fabricated wound dressings in hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α expression analysis was carried out both at gene and protein levels. Wound dressings were further evaluated for their healing potential for extensive wounds in diabetic rat models. Results The experimental results showed that the developed dressings were capable of continuously generating oxygen for up to 10 days. Cell studies further confirmed pronounced expression of HIF-1α at gene and protein levels in cells seeded on PCL-sodium percarbonate (SPC) and PCL scaffolds compared with the cells cultured on a tissue culture plate. Chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed the supportive role of oxygen releasing dressings on angiogenesis compared to the control group. Histological assessment of the regenerated skin tissues proved that full thickness wounds covered with SPC loaded PCL dressings had a comparatively better vascularized and compact extracellular matrix with completely covered thick epithelium. Discussion The developed oxygen generating polymeric nanofibrous wound dressings could potentially be used as an envisioned approach for the efficient recovery of chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashra Zehra
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Waliya Zubairi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hira Butt
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Amna Ramzan
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Azam
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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35
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Lin CJ, Lan YM, Ou MQ, Ji LQ, Lin SD. Expression of miR-217 and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its effect on angiogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1307-1317. [PMID: 31079353 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of miR-217 and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and its effect on angiogenesis in DFU rats. METHODS The serum levels of miR-217, HIF-1α and VEGF were detected in DFU and simple diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and healthy controls. DFU rat models were established and treated with miR-217 inhibitors and/or HIF-1α siRNA. The ulcer healing of DFU rats was observed. Besides, ELISA method was performed to detect the serum level of HIF-1α, VEGF and inflammatory factors, immunohistochemical (IHC) method to test the micro-vessel density (MVD), as well as qRT-PCR and Western blot to determine expressions of miR-217, HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in tissues. RESULTS The serum levels of miR-217 were up-regulated while HIF-1α and VEGF were down-regulated in DFU patients and rats when compared with DM and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that HIF-1α was the direct target gene of miR-217. DFU rats treated with miR-217 inhibitors had decreased foot ulcer area and accelerated ulcer healing, with significantly reduced inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6), as well as elevated HIF-1α and VEGF (all P < 0.05); meanwhile, they remarkably increased the MVD in foot dorsum wound tissues and the protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibiting miR-217 could up-regulate HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to promote angiogenesis and ameliorate inflammation of DFU rats, thereby effectively advancing the healing of ulcerated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y-M Lan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - M-Q Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - L-Q Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - S-D Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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36
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Tan HY, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Pharmacological Effects of Melatonin as Neuroprotectant in Rodent Model: A Review on the Current Biological Evidence. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:25-51. [PMID: 31435851 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons, including neuronal death, is one of the main factors leading to poor quality of life. Promotion of functional recovery of neuron after injury is a great challenge in neuroregenerative studies. Melatonin, a hormone is secreted by pineal gland and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Besides that, melatonin has high cell permeability and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Apart from that, there are no reported side effects associated with long-term usage of melatonin at both physiological and pharmacological doses. Thus, in this review article, we summarize the pharmacological effects of melatonin as neuroprotectant in central nervous system injury, ischemic-reperfusion injury, optic nerve injury, peripheral nerve injury, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, scar formation, cell degeneration, and apoptosis in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Tan
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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37
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Moon JS, Lee SY, Kim JH, Choi YH, Yang DW, Kang JH, Ko HM, Cho JH, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Kim MS, Kim SH. Synergistic alveolar bone resorption by diabetic advanced glycation end products and mechanical forces. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1457-1469. [PMID: 31294467 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and bone diseases is acknowledged. However, the mechanistic pathways leading to the alveolar bone (AB) destruction remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanical forces (MF)-induced AB destruction in DM and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo periodontal tissue responses to MF were evaluated in rats with diabetes. In vitro human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were either treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) alone or with AGEs and MF. RESULTS In vivo, the transcription of VEGF-A, colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), and Ager was upregulated in diabetes, whereas changes in DDOST and Glo1 mRNAs were negligible. DM induced VEGF-A protein in the vascular cells of the PDL and subsequent angiogenesis, but DM itself did not induce osteoclastogenesis. MF-induced AB resorption was augmented in DM, and such augmentation was morphologically substantiated by the occasional undermining resorption as well as the frontal resorption of the AB by osteoclasts. The mRNA levels of CSF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during MF application were highly elevated in diabetes, compared with those of the normal counterparts. In vitro, AGEs treatment elevated Glut-1 and CSF-1 mRNA levels via the p38 and JNK pathways, whereas OGT and VEGF levels remained unchanged. Compressive MF especially caused upregulation of VEGF, CSF-1, and Glut-1 levels, and such upregulation was further enhanced by AGEs treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overloaded MF and AGEs metabolites may synergistically aggravate AB destruction by upregulating CSF-1 and VEGF. Therefore, regulating the compressive overloading of teeth, as well as the levels of diabetic AGEs, may prove to be an effective therapeutic modality for managing DM-induced AB destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Park SM, Lee KP, Huh MI, Eom S, Park BU, Kim KH, Park DH, Kim DS, Kim HK. Development of an in vitro 3D choroidal neovascularization model using chemically induced hypoxia through an ultra-thin, free-standing nanofiber membrane. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109964. [PMID: 31499990 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the pathological growth of new blood vessels in the sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) space from the choroid through a break in the Bruch's membrane (BM). Despite its importance in studying biological processes and drug discovery, the development of an in vitro CNV model that achieves the physiological structures of native RPE-BM-choroidal capillaries (CC) is still challenging. Here, we develop a novel 3D RPE-BM-CC complex biomimetic system on an ultra-thin, free-standing nanofiber membrane. The thickness of the pristine nanofiber membrane is 2.17 ± 0.81 μm, and the Matrigel-coated nanofiber membrane attains a permeability coefficient of 2.95 ± 0.25 × 10-6 cm/s by 40 kDa FITC-dextran, which is similar to the physiological value of the native BM. On the in vitro 3D RPE-BM-CC complex system, we demonstrate endothelial cell invasion across the 3D RPE-BM-CC complex and the mechanism of the invasion by imposing a hypoxic condition, which is thought to be the major pathological cause of CNV. Furthermore, alleviation of the invasion is achieved by treating with chrysin and anti-VEGF antibody. Thus, the in vitro 3D RPE-BM-CC complex biomimetic system can recapitulate essential features of the pathophysiological environment and be employed for the screening of drug candidates to reduce the number of costly and time-consuming in vivo tests or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Pil Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Man-Il Huh
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Seongsu Eom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ung Park
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells require sufficient oxygen (O2) for biological activity and survival. When the oxygen demand exceeds its supply, the oxygen levels in local tissues or the whole body decrease (termed hypoxia), leading to a metabolic crisis, threatening physiological functions and viability. Therefore, eukaryotes have developed an efficient and rapid oxygen sensing system: hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The hypoxic responses are controlled by HIFs, which induce the expression of several adaptive genes to increase the oxygen supply and support anaerobic ATP generation in eukaryotic cells. Hypoxia also contributes to a functional decline during the aging process. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms regulating HIF-1α and aging-associated signaling proteins, such as sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, UNC-51-like kinase 1, and nuclear factor κB, and their roles in aging and aging-related diseases. In addition, the effects of prenatal hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-induced intermittent hypoxia have been reviewed due to their involvement in the progression and severity of many diseases, including cancer and other aging-related diseases. The pathophysiological consequences and clinical manifestations of prenatal hypoxia and OSA-induced chronic intermittent hypoxia are discussed in detail.
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40
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Krueger K, Catanese L, Scholz H. Intermittent hypoxia: Friend and foe. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13276. [PMID: 30892796 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Krueger
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Catanese
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Khorasani V, Jeddi S, Yaghmaei P, Tohidi M, Ghasemi A. Effect of long-term sodium nitrate administration on diabetes-induced anemia and glucose homeostasis in obese type 2 diabetic male rats. Nitric Oxide 2019; 86:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Carota IA, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Onay T, Scott R, Thomson BR, Souma T, Bartlett CS, Li Y, Procissi D, Ramirez V, Yamaguchi S, Tarjus A, Tanna CE, Li C, Eremina V, Vestweber D, Oladipupo SS, Breyer MD, Quaggin SE. Targeting VE-PTP phosphatase protects the kidney from diabetic injury. J Exp Med 2019; 216:936-949. [PMID: 30886059 PMCID: PMC6446875 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure. VE-PTP phosphatase expression is increased in the endothelium of rodents with diabetes and hypertension. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP reduces kidney injury in diabetic mice, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target. Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Reduced angiopoietin-TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the vasculature leads to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Here, we identified a mechanism to explain how TIE2 signaling is attenuated in diabetic animals. Expression of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase VE-PTP (also known as PTPRB), which dephosphorylates TIE2, is robustly up-regulated in the renal microvasculature of diabetic rodents, thereby reducing TIE2 activity. Increased VE-PTP expression was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity in vivo. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP restored TIE2 activity independent of ligand availability and protected kidney structure and function in a mouse model of severe diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and led to nuclear exclusion of the FOXO1 transcription factor, reducing expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene targets. In sum, we identify inhibition of VE-PTP as a promising therapeutic target to protect the kidney from diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Carota
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rizaldy Scott
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yanyang Li
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shinji Yamaguchi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine E Tanna
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chengjin Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Eremina
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL .,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Romo-Yáñez J, Domínguez-Castro M, Flores-Reyes JS, Estrada-Juárez H, Mancilla-Herrera I, Hernández-Pineda J, Bazan-Tejeda ML, Aguinaga-Ríos M, Reyes-Muñoz E. Hyperglycemia differentially affects proliferation, apoptosis, and BNIP3 and p53 mRNA expression of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly cells from non-diabetic and diabetic pregnancies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1149-1154. [PMID: 30554659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy constitutes an unfavorable environment for embryonic and fetal development, where the child has a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, with high incidence of congenital malformations and predisposition to long-term metabolic diseases that increase with a hypercaloric diet. To analyze whether hyperglycemia differentially affects proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression in cells from children of normoglycemic pregnancies (NGPs) and diabetes mellitus pregnancies (DMPs), we used umbilical cord Wharton jelly cells as a research model. Proliferation assays were performed to analyze growth and determine the doubling time, and the rate of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry-annexin-V assays. AMPK, BNIP3, HIF1α, and p53 mRNA gene expression was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. We found that hyperglycemia decreased proliferation in a statistically significant manner in NGP cells treated with 40 mM D-glucose and in DMP cells treated with 30 and 40 mM D-glucose. Apoptosis increased in hyperglycemic conditions in NGP and DMP cells. mRNA expression of BNIP3 and p53 was significantly increased in cells from DMPs but not in cells from NGPs. We found evidence that maternal irregular metabolic conditions, like diabetes with hyperglycemia in culture, affect biological properties of fetal cells. These observations could be a constituent of fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Romo-Yáñez
- Departamento de Genética y Genómica Humana, INPer, Mexico City, Mexico; Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, INPer, Mexico.
| | - Mauricio Domínguez-Castro
- Departamento de Genética y Genómica Humana, INPer, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, INPer, Mexico
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Time-dependent changes in hypoxia- and gliosis-related factors in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:600-609. [PMID: 30401898 PMCID: PMC6461831 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes various biochemical changes in the retina; long-term changes in the factors associated with hypoxia and gliosis have rarely been reported. The present study was conducted to explore the changes in these factors in a time-dependent manner in experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The expression of the following factors was examined using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after diabetes onset: hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO), erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthase (GS). The expression of factors such as HIF-1alpha, VEGF, EPO, EPOR, GFAP and vimentin, was up-regulated with the progression of diabetes in the diabetic rat retinas compared to the expression in normal control retinas, whereas the expression of GS and GLAST was down-regulated. Changes in EPO and EPOR appeared 2 weeks after diabetes onset. HIF-1alpha, VEGF and GFAP started to increase at 1 month and vimentin at 4 months after diabetes onset. GS and GLAST started to decrease at 1 month after diabetes onset. The expression of these factors, which are involved in the processes of hypoxia and gliosis, varied at different stages of DR. The time-course change may be helpful in the evaluation of the progression of DR, and it may indicate the optimal intervention time points for DR.
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45
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Rojas DR, Tegeder I, Kuner R, Agarwal N. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protects peripheral sensory neurons from diabetic peripheral neuropathy by suppressing accumulation of reactive oxygen species. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1395-1405. [PMID: 30361814 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common diabetic complications. Mechanisms underlying nerve damage and sensory loss following metabolic dysfunction remain largely unclear. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained attention as possible mechanisms of organ damage in diabetes. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) is a key transcription factor activated by hypoxia, hyperglycemia, nitric oxide as well as ROS, suggesting a fundamental role in DPN susceptibility. We analyzed regulation of HIF1α in response to prolonged hyperglycemia. Genetically modified mutant mice, which conditionally lack HIF1α in peripheral sensory neurons (SNS-HIF1α-/-), were analyzed longitudinally up to 6 months in the streptozotocin (STZ) model of type1 diabetes. Behavioral measurements of sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli, quantitative morphological analyses of intraepidermal nerve fiber density, measurements of ROS, ROS-induced cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase 1α (PKG1α), and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in sensory neurons in vivo were undertaken over several months post-STZ injections to delineate the role of HIF1α in DPN. Longitudinal behavioral and morphological analyses at 5, 13, and 24 weeks post-STZ treatment revealed that SNS-HIF1α-/- developed stronger hyperglycemia-evoked losses of peripheral nociceptive sensory axons associated with stronger losses of mechano- and heat sensation with a faster onset than HIF1αfl/fl mice. Mechanistically, these histomorphologic, behavioral, and biochemical differences were associated with a significantly higher level of STZ-induced production of ROS and ROS-induced PKG1α dimerization in sensory neurons of SNS-HIF1α-/- mice as compared with HIF1αfl/fl. We found that prolonged hyperglycemia induced VEGF expression in the sciatic nerve which is impaired in SNS-HIF1α mice. Our results indicate that HIF1α is as an upstream modulator of ROS in peripheral sensory neurons and exerts a protective function in suppressing hyperglycemia-induced nerve damage by limiting ROS levels and by inducing expression of VEGF which may promote peripheral nerve survival. Our data suggested that HIF1α stabilization may be thus a new strategy target for limiting sensory loss, a debilitating late complication of diabetes. KEY MESSAGES: • Impaired hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling leads to early onset of STZ-induced loss of sensation in mice. • STZ-induced loss of sensation in HIF1α mutant mice is associated with loss of sensory nerve fiber in skin. • Activation of HIF1α signaling in diabetic mice protects the sensory neurons by limiting ROS formation generated due to mitochondrial dysfunction and by inducing VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rangel Rojas
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hyperglycemia-Associated Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation and HIF1A Reduces Anticancer Action of Metformin in Ovarian Cancer Cells (SKOV-3). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092750. [PMID: 30217067 PMCID: PMC6163973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cells need more glucose than normal cells to maintain energy demand, chronic hyperglycemia induces metabolic alteration that may dysregulate signaling pathways, including the O-GlcNAcylation and HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha) pathways. Metformin was demonstrated to evoke metabolic stress and induce cancer cell death. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic efficiency of metformin on SKOV-3 cells cultured in hyperglycemia and normoglycemia. To identify the potential mechanism, we assessed the expression of O-linked β-N-acetlyglucosamine transferase (OGT) and glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase (OGA), as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3). SKOV-3 cells were cultured in normoglycaemia (NG, 5 mM) and hyperglycemia (HG, 25 mM) with and without 10 mM metformin for 24, 48, and 72 h. The proliferation rate, apoptotic and necrotic SKOV-3 cell death were evaluated. Real-Time qPCR was employed to determine mRNA expression of OGT, OGA, GLUT1, GLUT3, and HIF1A. Metformin significantly reduced the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells under normal glucose conditions. Whereas, the efficacy of metformin to induce SKOV-3 cell death was reduced in hyperglycemia. Both hyperglycemia and metformin induced changes in the expression of genes involved in the O-GlcNAcylation status and HIF1A pathway. The obtained results suggest that dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation, and the related HIF1A pathway, via hyperglycemia, is responsible for the decreased cytotoxic efficiency of metformin in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Mi DH, Fang HJ, Zheng GH, Liang XH, Ding YR, Liu X, Liu LP. DPP-4 inhibitors promote proliferation and migration of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells under hypoxic/high-glucose conditions, potentially through the SIRT1/HIF-1/VEGF pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:323-332. [PMID: 30136405 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular disease in diabetes, for example, stroke, presents a significant public health burden. Recently, the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin has been found to counteract stroke among diabetic patients, showing great promise in drug repurposing and indication expansion. However, the molecular basis of this protection mechanism remains unknown. METHODS The expression and localization of DPP-4 in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMVECs) were assessed with immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. The effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on cell proliferation and migration of rBMVECs were determined using MTT and transwell assays, separately. The influence of DPP-4 inhibition on the expression of molecular markers (eg, VEGF, eNOS, HIF-1α. SIRT1) was examined at both mRNA and protein levels with qRT-PCR and Western blotting, individually. RESULTS DPP-4 inhibitors (40 nmol/L linagliptin, 30 μmol/L berberine) offer protection from hypoxia/high glucose induced impairments in the proliferation and migration of rBMVECs. Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors counteracted the attenuating effects of hypoxic/high-glucose conditions on the expression of VEGF, eNOS, HIF-1α, and SIRT1, which can be completely eliminated by the inhibition of SIRT1 with 1 mmol/L nicotinamide. CONCLUSIONS The protection of rBMVECs from hypoxia/high-glucose induced impairment by DPP-4 inhibitors may be mediated by the SIRT1/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Mi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Juan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Hong Liang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Rong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Giri B, Dey S, Das T, Sarkar M, Banerjee J, Dash SK. Chronic hyperglycemia mediated physiological alteration and metabolic distortion leads to organ dysfunction, infection, cancer progression and other pathophysiological consequences: An update on glucose toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:306-328. [PMID: 30098549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia exacerbate its toxic effect on cells, tissues and organ systems. Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress, upsurge polyol pathway, activate protein kinase C (PKC), enhance hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and finally alters gene expressions. Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to severe diabetic condition by damaging the pancreatic β-cell and inducing insulin resistance. Numerous complications have been associated with diabetes, thus it has become a major health issue in the 21st century and has received serious attention. Dysregulation in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems along with nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer may arise in the advanced stages of diabetes. High glucose level also encourages proliferation of cancer cells, development of osteoarthritis and potentiates a suitable environment for infections. This review culminates how elevated glucose level carries out its toxicity in cells, metabolic distortion along with organ dysfunction and elucidates the complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Sananda Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Tanaya Das
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India.
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Ergaz Z, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ornoy A. High sucrose low copper diet in pregnant diabetic rats induces transient oxidative stress, hypoxia, and apoptosis in the offspring's liver. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1001-1015. [PMID: 29851303 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-related oxidative stress and hypoxia are important mechanisms responsible for diabetes-induced embryopathy and other complications. High sucrose low copper diet (HSD), but not regular diet (RD), induces type 2 diabetes in the inbred Cohen diabetic sensitive (CDs) rats but not in the Sabra control rats. We recently demonstrated long-term changes of DNA methylation and gene expression in various groups of genes, including genes involved in oxidant-antioxidant activity in the liver of 2-4-week-old CDs offspring of diabetic dams. We now studied the postnatal effects of diabetes and/or HSD on several liver metabolic parameters in these offspring. METHODS we studied lipid peroxidation, activity of the antioxidants enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). By immunohistochemistry: protein oxidation by nitrotyrosine staining, hypoxia inducing factor1α (HIF1α), apoptosis [caspase 3, bcl-2-like protein (BAX)], proliferation [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] and NF-κB. RESULTS In the Sabra rats fed HSD only few, early and transitional changes were observed in lipid peroxidation, SOD and CAT activity. In the CDs fed HSD more significant changes in lipid and protein oxidation, HIF1α, apoptosis and proliferation were observed, persisting for longer. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the Sabra rats HSD were attributed to the pro-oxidant effects of the diet and those in the diabetic CDs to the HSD and maternal diabetes. In light of the DNA methylation changes in the liver of the CDs HSD, we presume that changes in gene expression are responsible for our findings, and that similar changes may lead to the metabolic syndrome at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivanit Ergaz
- Neonatology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Srivastava S, Pandey H, Tripathi YB. Expression kinetics reveal the self-adaptive role of β cells during the progression of diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:472-482. [PMID: 29990835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the histopathological and molecular changes in β-cells at different time intervals following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) was given to overnight fasted rats that were sacrificed after 1, 3, and 10 days of injection. Changes in islet morphology and in the expression of various factors involved in β-cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase (Sod) expression was completely reduced and that of NF-kB and iNOS were significantly increased, along with lymphocytic infiltration in the islets within 24 h of STZ injection. In addition, the β-cell protective markers Bcl-2, IL-6, Ki67, Hif-1α, VEGF and insulin were also enhanced, indicating a compensatory response of the β-cells to the initial damaging effects. Lymphocytic infiltration decreased after 3 days of injection, accompanied by enhanced expression of both GLP-1R and GIP R. The unresponsiveness of the incretin ligands after STZ administration further suggested a compensatory approach by the incretin receptors independent of glucose regulation. After 10 days, lymphocytic infiltration and inflammatory markers again increased, along with a concomitant reduction in the expression of incretin receptors, and upregulation of the protective markers. Furthermore, the saturation peak of blood glucose indicated progressive diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The β-cells follow a biphasic pattern of expression of certain factors in order to achieve a balance between apoptosis, autophagy, neo-genesis, hypoxia and proliferation, and achieve homeostatic protection before the onset of diabetes. The drug interventions at an early stage, which are specific to these pathways, could be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India.
| | - Harsh Pandey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India.
| | - Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India.
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