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Zheng H, Zhang X, Li C, Wang D, Shen Y, Lu J, Zhao L, Li X, Gao H. BCAA mediated microbiota-liver-heart crosstalk regulates diabetic cardiomyopathy via FGF21. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:157. [PMID: 39182099 PMCID: PMC11344321 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of leading causes of diabetes-associated mortality. The gut microbiota-derived branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been reported to play a central role in the onset and progression of DCM, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive. RESULTS We found the type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice had higher circulating BCAA levels due to a reduced BCAA degradation ability of the gut microbiota. Excess BCAA decreased hepatic FGF21 production by inhibiting PPARα signaling pathway and thereby resulted in a higher expression level of cardiac LAT1 via transcription factor Zbtb7c. High cardiac LAT1 increased the levels of BCAA in the heart and then caused mitochondrial damage and myocardial apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in T1D mice. Additionally, transplant of faecal microbiota from healthy mice alleviated cardiac dysfunction in T1D mice, but this effect was abolished by FGF21 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on BCAA-mediated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, liver and heart to promote DCM and FGF21 serves as a key mediator. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Die Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuying Shen
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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2
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Shen X, Wang C, Zhou X, Zhou W, Hornburg D, Wu S, Snyder MP. Nonlinear dynamics of multi-omics profiles during human aging. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00692-2. [PMID: 39143318 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with nearly all diseases. Understanding the molecular changes underlying aging and identifying therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases are crucial for increasing healthspan. Although many studies have explored linear changes during aging, the prevalence of aging-related diseases and mortality risk accelerates after specific time points, indicating the importance of studying nonlinear molecular changes. In this study, we performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling on a longitudinal human cohort of 108 participants, aged between 25 years and 75 years. The participants resided in California, United States, and were tracked for a median period of 1.7 years, with a maximum follow-up duration of 6.8 years. The analysis revealed consistent nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging, with substantial dysregulation occurring at two major periods occurring at approximately 44 years and 60 years of chronological age. Distinct molecules and functional pathways associated with these periods were also identified, such as immune regulation and carbohydrate metabolism that shifted during the 60-year transition and cardiovascular disease, lipid and alcohol metabolism changes at the 40-year transition. Overall, this research demonstrates that functions and risks of aging-related diseases change nonlinearly across the human lifespan and provides insights into the molecular and biological pathways involved in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Arredondo Eve A, Tunc E, Mehta D, Yoo JY, Yilmaz HE, Emren SV, Akçay FA, Madak Erdogan Z. PFAS and their association with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:312-323. [PMID: 38758093 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of death globally. In addition to traditional risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, obesity, sedentary) and genetics, common environmental exposures, including persistent environmental contaminants, may also influence CVD risk. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of highly fluorinated chemicals used in household consumer and industrial products known to persist in our environment for years, causing health concerns that are now linked to endocrine disruptions and related outcomes in women, including interference of the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. In postmenopausal women, higher levels of PFAS are observed than in premenopausal women due to the cessation of menstruation, which is crucial for PFAS excretion. Because of these findings, we explored the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid in postmenopausal women from our previously established CVD study. We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, supported by machine learning approaches, and the detection and quantification of serum metabolites and proteins. Here, we show that PFOS can be a good predictor of coronary artery disease, whereas PFOA can be an intermediate predictor of coronary microvascular disease. We also found that the PFAS levels in our study are significantly associated with inflammation-related proteins. Our findings may provide new insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the PFAS-induced risk of CVDs in this population. This study shows that exposure to PFOA and PFOS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. PFOS and PFOA levels correlate with amino acids and proteins related to inflammation. These circulating biomarkers contribute to the etiology of CVD and potentially implicate a mechanistic relationship between PFAS exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arredondo Eve
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elif Tunc
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35310, Turkey
| | - Dhruv Mehta
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huriye Erbak Yilmaz
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35310, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Sadık Volkan Emren
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35310, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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VanDerStad LR, Wyatt EC, Vaughan RA. Excess Branched-Chain Amino Acids Suppress Mitochondrial Function and Biogenic Signaling but Not Mitochondrial Dynamics in a Myotube Model of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2024; 14:389. [PMID: 39057712 PMCID: PMC11279211 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are correlated with severity of insulin resistance, which may partially result from mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also common during insulin resistance and is regulated in part by altered mitochondrial fusion and fission (mitochondrial dynamics). To assess the effect of BCAA on mitochondrial dynamics during insulin resistance, the present study examined the effect of BCAA on mitochondrial function and indicators of mitochondrial dynamics in a myotube model of insulin resistance. C2C12 myotubes were treated with stock DMEM or DMEM with additional BCAA at 0.2 mM, 2 mM, or 20 mM to achieve a continuum of concentrations ranging from physiologically attainable to supraphysiological (BCAA overload) both with and without hyperinsulinemia-mediated insulin resistance. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure gene and protein expression of targets associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial function was assessed by oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial content was measured using mitochondrial-specific staining. Insulin resistance reduced mitochondrial function, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha mRNA, and citrate synthase expression mRNA, but not protein expression. Excess BCAA at 20 mM also independently reduced mitochondrial function in insulin-sensitive cells. BCAA did not alter indicators of mitochondrial dynamics at the mRNA or protein level, while insulin resistance reduced mitochondrial fission protein 1 mRNA, but not protein expression. Collectively, BCAA at excessively high levels or coupled with insulin resistances reduce mitochondrial function and content but do not appear to alter mitochondrial dynamics under the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA; (L.R.V.); (E.C.W.)
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Zheng X, Shen J, Jiang H, Tian M, Wang Q, Guo K, Chen R, Xia Q, Yan Q, Du L, Duan S. Exploring the multifaceted role of GCN1: Implications in cellular responses and disease pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116681. [PMID: 38705128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GCN1 is a highly conserved protein present widely across eukaryotes. As an upstream activator of protein kinase GCN2, GCN1 plays a pivotal role in integrated stress responses, such as amino acid starvation and oxidative stress. Through interaction with GCN2, GCN1 facilitates the activation of GCN2, thus initiating downstream signaling cascades in response to cellular stressors. In these contexts, the activation of GCN2 necessitates the presence and action of GCN1. Notably, GCN1 also operates as a ribosome collision sensor, contributing significantly to the translation quality control pathway. These discoveries offer valuable insights into cellular responses to internal stresses, vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Additionally, GCN1 exhibits the ability to regulate the cell cycle and suppress inflammation, among other processes, independently of GCN2. Our review outlines the structural characteristics and biological functions of GCN1, shedding light on its significant involvement in the onset and progression of various cancer and non-cancer diseases. Our work underscores the role of GCN1 in the context of drug therapeutic effects, hinting at its potential as a promising drug target. Furthermore, our work delves deep into the functional mechanisms of GCN1, promising innovative avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the future. The exploration of GCN1's multifaceted roles not only enhances our understanding of its mechanisms but also paves the way for novel therapeutic interventions. The ongoing quest to unveil additional functions of GCN1 holds the promise of further enriching our comprehension of its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Hongting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Mei Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China; Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Kailin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Ruixiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Qing Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Qibin Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Lihua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
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Peng Y, Tao Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Wei B. Crosstalk among Reactive Oxygen Species, Autophagy and Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Stages. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1075-1107. [PMID: 37728583 PMCID: PMC11081167 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is the most common cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion, an important myocardial ischemia tool, causes unexpected and irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes, resulting in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Upon stress, especially oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, which degrades the intracellular energy storage to produce metabolites that are recycled into metabolic pathways to buffer metabolic stress, is initiated during myocardial ischemia and MI/R injury. Excellent cardioprotective effects of autophagy regulators against MI and MI/R have been reported. Reversing disordered cardiac metabolism induced by ROS also exhibits cardioprotective action in patients with myocardial ischemia. Herein, we review current knowledge on the crosstalk between ROS, cardiac autophagy, and metabolism in myocardial ischemia and MI/R. Finally, we discuss the possible regulators of autophagy and metabolism that can be exploited to harness the therapeutic potential of cardiac metabolism and autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia and MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yachuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Zhang J, Wang G, Shi Y, Liu X, Liu S, Chen W, Ning Y, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Li M. Growth differentiation factor 11 regulates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammasome activation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:160. [PMID: 38715043 PMCID: PMC11077721 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a crucial complication of long-term chronic diabetes that can lead to myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and heart failure. There is increasing evidence that DCM is associated with pyroptosis, a form of inflammation-related programmed cell death. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, which regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival to mitigate myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and vascular injury. However, the role of GDF11 in regulating pyroptosis in DCM remains to be elucidated. This research aims to investigate the role of GDF11 in regulating pyroptosis in DCM and the related mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce a diabetes model. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in high glucose (50 mM) to establish an in vitro model of diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were preinjected with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) intravenously via the tail vein to specifically overexpress myocardial GDF11. GDF11 attenuated pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes after high-glucose treatment. In diabetic mice, GDF11 alleviated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, GDF11 inhibited pyroptosis by preventing inflammasome activation. GDF11 achieved this by specifically binding to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and preventing the assembly and activation of the inflammasome. Additionally, the expression of GDF11 during pyroptosis was regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that GDF11 can treat diabetic cardiomyopathy by alleviating pyroptosis and reveal the role of the PPARα-GDF11-ASC pathway in DCM, providing ideas for new strategies for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wendi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunna Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Gao W, Gu K, Ma L, Yang F, Deng L, Zhang Y, Miao MZ, Li W, Li G, Qian H, Zhang Z, Wang G, Yu H, Liu X. Interstitial Fluid Shear Stress Induces the Synthetic Phenotype Switching of VSMCs to Release Pro-calcified Extracellular Vesicles via EGFR-MAPK-KLF5 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2727-2747. [PMID: 38725857 PMCID: PMC11077359 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.90725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic switching (from contractile to synthetic) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is essential in the progression of atherosclerosis. The damaged endothelium in the atherosclerotic artery exposes VSMCs to increased interstitial fluid shear stress (IFSS). However, the precise mechanisms by which increased IFSS influences VSMCs phenotypic switching are unrevealed. Here, we employed advanced numerical simulations to calculate IFSS values accurately based on parameters acquired from patient samples. We then carefully investigated the phenotypic switching and extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion of VSMCs under various IFSS conditions. By employing a comprehensive set of approaches, we found that VSMCs exhibited synthetic phenotype upon atherosclerotic IFSS. This synthetic phenotype is the upstream regulator for the enhanced secretion of pro-calcified EVs. Mechanistically, as a mechanotransducer, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initiates the flow-based mechanical cues to MAPK signaling pathway, facilitating the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Furthermore, pharmacological inhibiting either EGFR or MAPK signaling pathway blocks the nuclear accumulation of KLF5 and finally results in the maintenance of contractile VSMCs even under increased IFSS stimulation. Collectively, targeting this signaling pathway holds potential as a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit VSMCs phenotypic switching and mitigate the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyun Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Lunjie Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaojia Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael Z. Miao
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, William H. Foege Hall, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Hongchi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Xiang X, Ouyang X, Liu L, Li T. 4-phenylbutyric acid improves sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism via Comt/Ptgs2/Ppara. Metabolomics 2024; 20:46. [PMID: 38641695 PMCID: PMC11031492 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac dysfunction after sepsis the most common and severe sepsis-related organ failure. The severity of cardiac damage in sepsis patients was positively associated to mortality. It is important to look for drugs targeting sepsis-induced cardiac damage. Our previous studies found that 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) was beneficial to septic shock by improving cardiovascular function and survival, while the specific mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the specific mechanism and PBA for protecting cardiac function in sepsis. METHODS The cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic shock models were used to observe the therapeutic effects of PBA on myocardial contractility and the serum levels of cardiac troponin-T. The mechanisms of PBA against sepsis were explored by metabolomics and network pharmacology. RESULTS The results showed that PBA alleviated the sepsis-induced cardiac damage. The metabolomics results showed that there were 28 metabolites involving in the therapeutic effects of PBA against sepsis. According to network pharmacology, 11 hub genes were found that were involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid transport following PBA treatment. The further integrated analysis focused on 7 key targets, including Comt, Slc6a4, Maoa, Ppara, Pparg, Ptgs2 and Trpv1, as well as their core metabolites and pathways. In an in vitro assay, PBA effectively inhibited sepsis-induced reductions in Comt, Ptgs2 and Ppara after sepsis. CONCLUSIONS PBA protects sepsis-induced cardiac injury by targeting Comt/Ptgs2/Ppara, which regulates amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. The study reveals the complicated mechanisms of PBA against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingnan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Chi K, Liu J, Li X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Ge Y. Biomarkers of heart failure: advances in omics studies. Mol Omics 2024; 20:169-183. [PMID: 38224222 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by progressive circulatory dysfunction, manifesting clinically as pulmonary and systemic venous congestion, alongside inadequate tissue perfusion. The early identification of HF, particularly at the mild and moderate stages (stages B and C), presents a clinical challenge due to the overlap of signs, symptoms, and natriuretic peptide levels with other cardiorespiratory pathologies. Nonetheless, early detection coupled with timely pharmacological intervention is imperative for enhancing patient outcomes. Advances in high-throughput omics technologies have enabled researchers to analyze patient-derived biofluids and tissues, discovering biomarkers that are sensitive and specific for HF diagnosis. Due to the diversity of HF etiology, it is insufficient to study the diagnostic data of early HF using a single omics technology. This study reviewed the latest progress in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the identification of HF biomarkers, offering novel insights into the early clinical diagnosis of HF. However, the validity of biomarkers depends on the disease status, intervention time, genetic diversity and comorbidities of the subjects. Moreover, biomarkers lack generalizability in different clinical settings. Hence, it is imperative to conduct multi-center, large-scale and standardized clinical trials to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and utility of HF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuan Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Guan H, Tian J, Wang Y, Niu P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fang X, Miao R, Yin R, Tong X. Advances in secondary prevention mechanisms of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a comprehensive review. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:152. [PMID: 38438934 PMCID: PMC10910816 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health burden. This is particularly due to its macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, which have emerged as leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications, protective strategies, and both existing and emerging secondary preventive measures. Furthermore, we delve into the applications of experimental models and methodologies in foundational research while also highlighting current research limitations and future directions. Specifically, we focus on the literature published post-2020 concerning the secondary prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM by conducting a targeted review of studies supported by robust evidence to offer a holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ping Niu
- Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Kou M, Liu K, Zhan Y, Xu W, Huang C, Huang W, Zhao X. Serum metabolism characteristics of patients with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery explored by the untargeted metabolomics approach. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38310264 PMCID: PMC10838454 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is one of the most common complications associated with postoperative adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. However, MINS often fails to be timely diagnosed due to the absence of clinical symptoms and limited diagnostic methods. The metabolomic analysis might be an efficient way to discover new biomarkers of MINS. Characterizing the metabolomic features of MINS patients may provide new insight into the diagnosis of MINS. METHODS In this study, serum samples from 20 matched patients with or without MINS (n = 10 per group) were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis to investigate comprehensive metabolic information. Differential metabolites were identified, and the enriched metabolic pathway was determined based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis revealed 124 distinct metabolites, predominantly encompassing lipids, amino acids and other compounds. The observed modifications in metabolic pathways in patients with or without MINS showed significant clustering in cholesterol metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism. Four specific metabolites (taurocholic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and pyridoxamine) exhibited promising potential as biomarkers for prognosticating MINS. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes valuable insights into the metabolomic features of MINS and the discovery of potential biomarkers which may help the early diagnosis of MINS. The identified metabolites and altered pathways offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of MINS, paving the way for improved diagnostic approaches and potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Kou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Usman I, Anwar A, Shukla S, Pathak P. Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:13-39. [PMID: 38879769 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x310857240607103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Shivang Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
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Melnychuk IO, Sharayeva ML, Bondarchuk OM, Kramarova VN, Lyzogub VH. Holter ECG monitoring and platelets characteristics in patients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:957-964. [PMID: 39008583 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202405113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To check the relationships between platelet characteristics and Holter ECG monitoring results in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: 300 investigated patients were separated into three groups: I (CAD) - 149 patients with CAD without arrhythmias, II (CAD and AF) - 124 patients with CAD and AF paroxysm, and the control group (CG) - 27 patients without CAD and arrhythmias. RESULTS Results: In the II group was detected an increase in mean platelet volume (MPV) (9.30%) and platelet-to-leucocyte ratio (PLR) (41.12%) and a decrease in platelet count (PC) (12.20%) in comparison with the I group, P<0.05. Also, in the II group was found an increase in platelet leucine (12.63%), isoleucine (10.73%), and a decrease in serine (5.06%), threonine (23.05%), valine (30.83%), glycine (32.21%) levels in comparison with the I group, P<0.05. PC, MPV, and PLR ratios were correlated with supraventricular extrasystoles per hour (r=-0.352, r=0.308, and r=0.359, consequently), P<0.05. Platelets distribution width (PDW) was correlated with ST-segment changes (r=0.371), P<0.05. Platelet threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, and valine levels were correlated with total supraventricular extrasystoles (r=-0.374, r=-0.358, r=-0.402, r=-0.307, r=-0.312, consequently) and supraventricular extrasystoles per hour (r=-0.374, r=-0.358, r=-0.402, r=-0.307, r=-0.312, consequently), P<0.05. Platelet lysine, taurine, cysteine, and phenylalanine levels were correlated with ST-segment changes (r=-0.319, r=-0.344, r=-0.376, and r=0.317, consequently), P<0.05. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Platelet features (PC, MPV, PDW, PLR, and amino acid spectrum) are significantly correlated with supraventricular arrhythmias and ST-segment episodes, which shows their role in AF and CAD pathogenesis.
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Martin-Puig S, Menendez-Montes I. Cardiac Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:365-396. [PMID: 38884721 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The heart is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cellular components perfectly intermingled and able to integrate common environmental signals to ensure proper cardiac function and performance. Metabolism defines a cell context-dependent signature that plays a critical role in survival, proliferation, or differentiation, being a recognized master piece of organ biology, modulating homeostasis, disease progression, and adaptation to tissue damage. The heart is a highly demanding organ, and adult cardiomyocytes require large amount of energy to fulfill adequate contractility. However, functioning under oxidative mitochondrial metabolism is accompanied with a concomitant elevation of harmful reactive oxygen species that indeed contributes to the progression of several cardiovascular pathologies and hampers the regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart. Cardiac metabolism is dynamic along embryonic development and substantially changes as cardiomyocytes mature and differentiate within the first days after birth. During early stages of cardiogenesis, anaerobic glycolysis is the main energetic program, while a progressive switch toward oxidative phosphorylation is a hallmark of myocardium differentiation. In response to cardiac injury, different signaling pathways participate in a metabolic rewiring to reactivate embryonic bioenergetic programs or the utilization of alternative substrates, reflecting the flexibility of heart metabolism and its central role in organ adaptation to external factors. Despite the well-established metabolic pattern of fetal, neonatal, and adult cardiomyocytes, our knowledge about the bioenergetics of other cardiac populations like endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, or immune cells is limited. Considering the close intercellular communication and the influence of nonautonomous cues during heart development and after cardiac damage, it will be fundamental to better understand the metabolic programs in different cardiac cells in order to develop novel interventional opportunities based on metabolic rewiring to prevent heart failure and improve the limited regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin-Puig
- Department of Metabolic and Immune Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Research "Sols-Morreale", National Spanish Research Council, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiac Regeneration Program, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, CNIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Shi P, Wu J, Li M, Cao Y, Wu J, Ren P, Liu K, Zhou J, Sha Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Upregulation of Hsp27 via further inhibition of histone H2A ubiquitination confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting glycolysis and enhancing mitochondrial function. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:466. [PMID: 38114486 PMCID: PMC10730859 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that ischemic glycolysis improves myocardial tolerance to anoxia and low-flow ischemia. The rate of glycolysis during ischemia reflects the severity of the injury caused by ischemia and subsequent functional recovery following reperfusion. Histone H2AK119 ubiquitination (H2Aub) is a common modification that is primarily associated with gene silencing. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2Aub contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study identified Hsp27 (heat shock protein 27) as a H2Aub binding protein and explored its involvement in mediating glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Functional studies revealed that inhibition of PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) decreased H2Aub occupancy and promoted Hsp27 expression through inhibiting ubiquitination. Additionally, it increased glycolysis by activating the NF-κB/PFKFB3 signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, Hsp27 reduced mitochondrial ROS production by chaperoning COQ9, and suppressed ferroptosis during reperfusion. A delivery system was developed based on PCL-PEG-MAL (PPM)-PCM-SH (CWLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW) to deliver PRT4165 (PRT), a potent inhibitor of PRC1, to damaged myocardium, resulting in decreased H2Aub. These findings revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism connecting glycolysis and ferroptosis in protecting the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiabi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yuetong Sha
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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Du L, Lu H, Wang Z, Liu C, Xiao Y, Guo Z, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA Nanoparticles for Heart Failure Treatment via the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:8118. [PMID: 38138606 PMCID: PMC10745441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nanoparticles (GRb1@PLGA@NPs) represent a novel nanotherapeutic system, yet their therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms for treating heart failure (HF) remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GRb1@PLGA@NPs in HF treatment; (2) Methods: The left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was employed to establish a HF model in Sprague-Dawley rats, along with an in vitro oxidative stress model using H9c2 myocardial cells. Following treatment with GRb1@PLGA@NPs, cardiac tissue pathological changes and cell proliferation were observed. Additionally, the serum levels of biomarkers such as NT-proBNP, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured, along with the expression of the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α pathway; (3) Results: GRb1@PLGA@NPs effectively ameliorated the pathological status of cardiac tissues in HF rats, mitigated oxidative stress-induced myocardial cell damage, elevated SOD and MMP levels, and reduced LDH, MDA, ROS, NT-proBNP, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. Furthermore, the expression of PPARα and PGC1α proteins was upregulated; (4) Conclusions: GRb1@PLGA@NPs may attenuate myocardial cell injury and treat HF through the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Du
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.D.); (H.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Huiling Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.D.); (H.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ziyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Chengxin Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yifei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.D.); (H.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhihua Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ya Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.D.); (H.L.); (Y.X.)
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Zhang Z, Li X, Guo J, He B, Wu L, Yang R, Li X, Fang D, Yang X, Yang D, Wang F, Tang M, Han Y, Jose PA, Wang H, Zeng C. β-aminoisobutyrics acid, a metabolite of BCAA, activates the AMPK/Nrf-2 pathway to prevent ferroptosis and ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med 2023; 29:164. [PMID: 38049750 PMCID: PMC10696792 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious clinical problem without effective treatment. Enhancing branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism can protect against cardiac I/R injury, which may be related to bioactive molecules generated by BCAA metabolites. L-β-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA), a metabolite of BCAA, has multi-organ protective effects, but whether it protects against lung I/R injury is unclear. METHODS To assess the protective effect of L-BAIBA against lung I/R injury, an animal model was generated by clamping the hilum of the left lung, followed by releasing the clamp in C57BL/6 mice. Mice with lung I/R injury were pre-treated or post-treated with L-BAIBA (150 mg/kg/day), given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Lung injury was assessed by measuring lung edema and analyzing blood gases. Inflammation was assessed by measuring proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and neutrophil infiltration of the lung was measured by myeloperoxidase activity. Molecular biological methods, including western blot and immunofluorescence, were used to detect potential signaling mechanisms in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS We found that L-BAIBA can protect the lung from I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, which depends on the up-regulation of the expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that the Nrf-2 signaling pathway is key to the inhibitory effect of L-BAIBA on ferroptosis in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. L-BAIBA can induce the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2. Interfering with the expression of Nrf-2 eliminated the protective effect of L-BAIBA on ferroptosis. A screening of potential signaling pathways revealed that L-BAIBA can increase the phosphorylation of AMPK, and compound C can block the Nrf-2 nuclear translocation induced by L-BAIBA. The presence of compound C also blocked the protective effects of L-BAIBA on lung I/R injury in C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that L-BAIBA protects against lung I/R injury via the AMPK/Nrf-2 signaling pathway, which could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Outpatient Department, Hospital of PLA, Hanzhong, Shanxi, 96608, P. R. China
| | - Xingbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lianpan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Rongpei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Dandong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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Guo Q, Wang Q, Li J, Liu S, Wang X, Yu D, Zou Z, Gao G, Zhang Q, Hao F, Feng J, Yang R, Wang M, Fu H, Bao X, Duan L. Proteomic and metabolomic characterizations of moyamoya disease patient sera. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3328. [PMID: 37962021 PMCID: PMC10726768 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) is unclear. Inflammation and immune imbalance have been identified as potential factors contributing to the occurrence and progression of MMD. However, the specific proteins and metabolites responsible for triggering this process are yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to identify differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in patients with MMD and perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway integration analysis to pinpoint crucial proteins and metabolites involved in the disease. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomic and data-independent acquisition proteomic analyses on the serum samples of individuals with MMD and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS In patients with MMD versus HC, 24 proteins and 60 metabolites, including 21 anionic metabolites and 39 cationic metabolites, which were significantly different, were identified. In patients with MMD, several proteins involved in inflammation and immune metabolism, such as tubulin beta-6 and complement C4, were found to have significantly altered levels. Similarly, many metabolites involved in inflammation and immune metabolisms, such as dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate, beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, 2-(3-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine, and PC (17:1/18:2), were significantly altered. Intriguingly, these proteins and metabolites are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis through immune and inflammatory pathways, although some have never been reported in MMD. Moreover, integrated proteomics and metabolomics studies were conducted to determine shared pathways involving cholesterol metabolism, vitamin digestion, fat digestion, and absorption pathways of proteins and metabolites, which warrant further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Significant increases in pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities have been observed in patients with MMD, accompanied by significant reductions in anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. Various metabolites and proteins implicated in these processes have been identified for the first time. These findings hold immense significance for comprehending the pathogenesis of MMD and for the development of future drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qian‐Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Eighth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jingjie Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Simeng Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zheng‐Xing Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gan Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fang‐Bin Hao
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ri‐Miao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Minjie Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Heguan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Pu Y, Cheng CK, Zhang H, Luo JY, Wang L, Tomlinson B, Huang Y. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists in cardiovascular health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2086-2114. [PMID: 37119045 DOI: 10.1002/med.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lai Q, Zhu X, Zhang L, Kou J, Liu F, Yu B, Li F. Inhibition of OAT1/3 and CMPF uptake attenuates myocardial ischemia-induced chronic heart failure via decreasing fatty acid oxidation and the therapeutic effects of ruscogenin. Transl Res 2023; 261:1-15. [PMID: 37315712 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) as a long-term disease is highly prevalent in elder people worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatments are crucial for preventing the development of CHF. Herein, we aimed to identify novel diagnostic biomarker, therapeutic target and drug for CHF. Untargeted metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the different metabolomic profile between CHF patients and healthy people. Meanwhile, the targeted metabolomic study demonstrated the elevation of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) in the serum of CHF patients and coronary artery ligation-induced CHF mice. Subsequently, we firstly observed that elevation of CMPF impaired cardiac function and aggravated myocardial injury by enhancing fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Interestingly, inhibition of responsible transporters organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3) has been found to decrease the CMPF level, and suppress FAO-related key protein expressions including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and malonyl CoA decarboxylase in coronary artery ligation-induced CHF mice. Meanwhile, the inhibitor of OAT1/3 presented an excellent improvement in cardiac function and histological injury. Based on the above findings, molecular docking was adopted to screen the potential therapeutic drug targeting OAT1/3, and ruscogenin (RUS) exhibited a great binding affinity with OAT1 and OAT3. Next, it was verified that RUS could remarkedly decrease the expression of OAT1/3 and CMPF levels in heart tissue of CHF mice, as well as suppress the expression of FAO-related proteins. What's more, RUS can effectively improve cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and morphological damage. Collectively, this study provided a potential metabolic marker CMPF and novel target OAT1/3 for CHF, which were demonstrated to be involved in FAO. And RUS was identified as a potential anti-FAO drug for CHF by regulating OAT1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Jiang H, Zhang L, Yang M, Li G, Ding C, Xin M, Dai J, Sun X, Fan X, Sun H, Liu J, Xu Y. Branched-chain amino acids promote thrombocytopoiesis by activating mTOR signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3224-3235. [PMID: 37473846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production disorders are the main causes of thrombocythemia and thrombocytopenia and lead to thrombosis or hemorrhage. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential nutrients that regulate important metabolic signals. BCAA administration could also increase platelet activation and promote the risk of thrombosis. OBJECTIVES To unveil the role of BCAAs in thrombocytopoiesis. METHODS BCAA-fed mice and megakaryocyte/platelet-specific branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase E1α subunit-deficient mice were used to study the role of BCAAs in thrombocytopoiesis. RESULTS In this study, we found that BCAA diet could facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production. Meanwhile, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase E1α subunit-deficient mice developed thrombocythemia, which was mainly caused by the excessive differentiation of megakaryocytes and proplatelet biogenesis. Moreover, the use of BT2, the agonist of BCAA catabolism, could affect proplatelet formation (PPF) and megakaryocyte polyploidization, as well as ameliorating the thrombocythemia of BCAA-fed mice. CONCLUSION We found that deficiency in BCAA catabolism led to the activation of p70S6K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, megakaryocyte over differentiation, and the acceleration of PPF. Activating BCAA metabolism with BT2 could inhibit mTOR signaling, reduce PPF, and ameliorate thrombocythemia in BCAA-fed mice. Therefore, this study reveals a novel role of BCAAs in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production, suggesting that targeting BCAA-mediated p70S6K/mTOR signaling may be a potential strategy for the treatment of thrombocytopenia or thrombocythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mina Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Synvida Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang J, Li J, Ning Y, Ren Y, Shao Y, Zhang H, Zong X, Shi H. Enhancement of PPARα-Inhibited Leucine Metabolism-Stimulated β-Casein Synthesis and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16184-16193. [PMID: 37853551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine, a kind of branched-chain amino acid, plays a regulatory role in the milk production of mammalian mammary glands, but its regulatory functions and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. This work showed that a leucine-enriched mixture (LEUem) supplementation increased the levels of milk protein and milk fat synthesis in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). RNA-seq of leucine-treated BMECs indicated alterations in lipid metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, and inflammatory response signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the supplementation of leucine resulted in mTOR activation and increased the expression of BCKDHA, FASN, ACC, and SCD1. Interestingly, the expression of PPARα was independently correlated with the leucine-supplemented dose. PPARα activated by WY-14643 caused significant suppression of lipogenic genes expression. Furthermore, WY-14643 attenuated leucine-induced β-casein synthesis and enhanced the level of BCKDHA expression. Moreover, promoter analysis revealed a peroxisome-proliferator-response element (PPRE) site in the bovine BCKDHA promoter, and WY-14643 promoted the recruitment of PPARα onto the BCKDHA promoter. Together, the present data indicate that leucine promotes the synthesis of β-casein and fatty acid and that PPARα-involved leucine catabolism is the key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yong Ning
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yalun Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuexin Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huawen Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xueyang Zong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Chi OZ, Liu X, Magsino J, Weiss HR. Leucine Reduced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Infarct Size in Early Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1372. [PMID: 37891741 PMCID: PMC10605042 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial pathophysiological change that can impact the outcome of a stroke. Ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and protein kinase B (Akt) play significant roles in early cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies have suggested that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may have neuroprotective properties for spinal cord or brain injuries. Therefore, we conducted research to investigate if leucine, one of the BCAAs, could offer neuroprotection and alter BBB disruption, along with its effects on the phosphorylation of S6 and Akt during the early phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, specifically within the thrombolytic therapy time window. In rats, ten min after left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), 5 µL of 20 mM L-leucine or normal saline was injected into the left lateral ventricle. After two hours of reperfusion following one hour of MCAO, we determined the transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid to assess the BBB disruption, infarct size, and phosphorylation of S6 and Akt. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the Ki (+143%, p < 0.001) and the intra-cerebroventricular injection of leucine lowered the Ki in the ischemic-reperfused cortex (-34%, p < 0.001). Leucine reduced the percentage of cortical infarct (-42%, p < 0.0001) out of the total cortical area. Ischemia-reperfusion alone significantly increased the phosphorylation of both S6 and Akt (p < 0.05). However, the administration of leucine had no further effect on the phosphorylation of S6 or Akt in the ischemic-reperfused cortex. This study suggests that an acute increase in leucine levels in the brain during early ischemia-reperfusion within a few hours of stroke may offer neuroprotection, possibly due to reduced BBB disruption being one of the major contributing factors. Leucine did not further increase the already elevated phosphorylation of S6 or Akt by ischemia-reperfusion under the current experimental conditions. Our data warrant further studies on the effects of leucine on neuronal survival and its mechanisms in the later stages of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak Z. Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1977, USA;
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 3100, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1977, USA;
| | - Jedrick Magsino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA;
| | - Harvey R. Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA;
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Li T, Zhao L, Li Y, Dang M, Lu J, Lu Z, Huang Q, Yang Y, Feng Y, Wang X, Jian Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Fan S, Wu S, Fan H, Kuang F, Zhang G. PPM1K mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acid and regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating ferroptosis in neurons. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:634. [PMID: 37752100 PMCID: PMC10522625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion, accounting for approximately 87% of strokes. Clinically, the most effective therapy for ischemic stroke is vascular recanalization, which aims to rescue neurons undergoing ischemic insults. Although reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke, it still has limited benefits for many patients, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a widely recognized cause of poor prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism of protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 K (PPM1K) mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by promoting fatty acid oxidation led to ferroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. We established the I/R model in mice and used BT2, a highly specific BCAA dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor to promote BCAA metabolism. It was further verified by lentivirus knocking down PPM1K in neurons. We found that BCAA levels were elevated after I/R injury due to dysfunctional oxidative degradation caused by phosphorylated BCKD E1α subunit (BCKDHA). Additionally, the level of phosphorylated BCKDHA was determined by decreased PPM1K in neurons. We next demonstrated that BCAA could induce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in vitro. Our results further showed that BT2 could reduce neuronal ferroptosis by enhancing BCAA oxidation through inhibition of BCKDHA phosphorylation. We further found that defective BCAA catabolism could induce neuronal ferroptosis by PPM1K knockdown. Furthermore, BT2 was found to alleviate neurological behavior disorders after I/R injury in mice, and the effect was similar to ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Our findings reveal a novel role of BCAA in neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia and provide a new potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Zhao JV, Fan B, Burgess S. Using genetics to examine the overall and sex-specific associations of branch-chain amino acids and the valine metabolite, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, with ischemic heart disease and diabetes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 381:117246. [PMID: 37660674 PMCID: PMC7615055 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Branch-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are linked to higher risk of diabetes, whilst the evidence on ischemic heart disease (IHD) is limited. Valine metabolite, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), also plays an important role in metabolism, whilst its effect has been rarely examined. At the situation of no evidence from large trials, we assessed the role of BCAAs and 3-HIB in IHD and diabetes using Mendelian randomization to minimize confounding. Given their potential role in sex hormones, we also examined sex-specific associations. METHODS We used genetic variants to predict BCAAs and 3-HIB, and obtained their associations with IHD and diabetes in large consortia and cohorts, as well as sex-specific association in the UK Biobank and DIAGRAM. We obtained and combined the Wald estimates using inverse variance weighting, and different analytic methods robust to pleiotropy. RESULTS Genetically predicted BCAAs were associated with higher risk of IHD (odds ratio (OR) 1.19 per standard deviation (SD) increase in BCAAs, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.35) and diabetes (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34). The associations with IHD were stronger in women (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48) than men (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.10). 3-HIB was associated with higher risk of IHD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.73) but not diabetes, with no sex disparity. CONCLUSION BCAAs and 3-HIB are potential targets for prevention in IHD and/or diabetes. BCAAs may exert a sex-specific role in IHD. Consideration of the sex disparity and exploration of the underlying pathways would be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bohan Fan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
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29
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Li Q, Zhang S, Yang G, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou T, Xie D, Liu Y, Zhang L. Energy metabolism: A critical target of cardiovascular injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115271. [PMID: 37544284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main killers threatening human health. Many studies have shown that abnormal energy metabolism plays a key role in the occurrence and development of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Regulating cardiac energy metabolism is a frontier topic in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, we are not very clear about the choice of different substrates, the specific mechanism of energy metabolism participating in the course of cardiovascular disease, and how to develop appropriate drugs to regulate energy metabolism to treat cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this paper reviews how energy metabolism participates in cardiovascular pathophysiological processes and potential drugs aimed at interfering energy metabolism.It is expected to provide good suggestions for promoting the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangzu Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengqiang Yang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuxian Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dingxiong Xie
- Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
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30
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Zhang Y, Liao J, Le W, Wu G, Zhang W. Improving the Data Quality of Untargeted Metabolomics through a Targeted Data-Dependent Acquisition Based on an Inclusion List of Differential and Preidentified Ions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12964-12973. [PMID: 37594469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics based on high-resolution mass spectrometry has become a powerful technique in biomedical research. The development of various analytical tools and online libraries has promoted the identification of biomarkers. However, how to make mass spectrometry collect more data information is an important but underestimated research topic. Herein, we combined full-scan and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) modes to develop a new targeted DDA based on the inclusion list of differential and preidentified ions (dpDDA). In this workflow, the MS1 datasets for statistical analysis and metabolite preidentification were first obtained using full-scan, and then, the MS/MS datasets for metabolite identification were obtained using targeted DDA of quality control samples based on the inclusion list. Compared with the current methods (DDA, data-independent acquisition, targeted DDA with time-staggered precursor ion list, and iterative exclusion DDA), dpDDA showed better stability, higher characteristic ion coverage, higher differential metabolites' MS/MS coverage, and higher quality MS/MS spectra. Moreover, the same trend was verified in the analysis of large-scale clinical samples. More surprisingly, dpDDA can distinguish patients with different severities of coronary heart disease (CHD) based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classification, which we cannot distinguish through conventional metabolomics data collection. Finally, dpDDA was employed to differentiate CHD from healthy control, and targeted metabolomics confirmed that dpDDA could identify a more complete metabolic pathway network. At the same time, four unreported potential CHD biomarkers were identified, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater than 0.85. These results showed that dpDDA would expand the discovery of biomarkers based on metabolomics, more comprehensively explore the key metabolites and their association with diseases, and promote the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jingyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wanqi Le
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Hu G, Cui Z, Chen X, Sun F, Li T, Li C, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhao H, Xia Y, Yan W, Yi W, Fan M, Yang R, Wang S, Tao L, Zhang F. Suppressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Ferroptosis Via Targeting a Metabolism-Epigenetics Axis Corrects their Poor Retention and Insufficient Healing Benefits in the Injured Liver Milieu. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206439. [PMID: 36808838 PMCID: PMC10161111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) implantation is a promising option for liver repair, but their poor retention in the injured liver milieu critically blunts therapeutic effects. The aim is to clarify the mechanisms underlying massive MSC loss post-implantation and establish corresponding improvement strategies. MSC loss primarily occurs within the initial hours after implantation into the injured liver milieu or under reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Surprisingly, ferroptosis is identified as the culprit for rapid depletion. In ferroptosis- or ROS-provoking MSCs, branched-chain amino acid transaminase-1 (BCAT1) is dramatically decreased, and its downregulation renders MSC susceptible to ferroptosis via suppressing the transcription of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), a vital ferroptosis defensing enzyme. BCAT1 downregulation impedes GPX4 transcription via a rapid-responsive metabolism-epigenetics coordinating mechanism, involving α-ketoglutarate accumulation, histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation loss, and early growth response protein-1 upregulation. Approaches to suppress ferroptosis (e.g., incorporating ferroptosis inhibitors in injection solvent and overexpressing BCAT1) significantly improve MSC retention and liver-protective effects post-implantation. This study provides the first evidence indicating that excessive MSC ferroptosis is the nonnegligible culprit for their rapid depletion and insufficient therapeutic efficacy after implantation into the injured liver milieu. Strategies suppressing MSC ferroptosis are conducive to optimizing MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tongzheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Rongjin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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Fan H, Liu X, Ren Z, Fei X, Luo J, Yang X, Xue Y, Zhang F, Liang B. Gut microbiota and cardiac arrhythmia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147687. [PMID: 37180433 PMCID: PMC10167053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent cardiac diseases is cardiac arrhythmia, however the underlying causes are not entirely understood. There is a lot of proof that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In recent decades, intricate impacts of GM on cardiac arrythmia have been identified as prospective approaches for its prevention, development, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we discuss about how GM and its metabolites might impact cardiac arrhythmia through a variety of mechanisms. We proposed to explore the relationship between the metabolites produced by GM dysbiosis including short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), Indoxyl sulfate(IS), trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO), lipopolysaccharides(LPS), phenylacetylglutamine(PAGln), bile acids(BA), and the currently recognized mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias including structural remodeling, electrophysiological remodeling, abnormal nervous system regulation and other disease associated with cardiac arrythmia, detailing the processes involving immune regulation, inflammation, and different types of programmed cell death etc., which presents a key aspect of the microbial-host cross-talk. In addition, how GM and its metabolites differ and change in atrial arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias populations compared with healthy people are also summarized. Then we introduced potential therapeutic strategies including probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and immunomodulator etc. In conclusion, the GM has a significant impact on cardiac arrhythmia through a variety of mechanisms, offering a wide range of possible treatment options. The discovery of therapeutic interventions that reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmia by altering GM and metabolites is a real challenge that lies ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuchang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoning Fei
- Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaya Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fenfang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangquan First People’s Hospital, Yangquan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhao S, Zhou L, Wang Q, Cao JH, Chen Y, Wang W, Zhu BD, Wei ZH, Li R, Li CY, Zhou GY, Tan ZJ, Zhou HP, Li CX, Gao HK, Qin XJ, Lian K. Elevated branched-chain amino acid promotes atherosclerosis progression by enhancing mitochondrial-to-nuclear H2O2-disulfide HMGB1 in macrophages. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102696. [PMID: 37058999 PMCID: PMC10130699 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) from diets is indispensable for health. BCAA supplementation is often recommended for patients with consumptive diseases or healthy people who exercise regularly. Latest studies and ours reported that elevated BCAA level was positively correlated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, thrombosis and heart failure. However, the adverse effect of BCAA in atherosclerosis (AS) and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we found elevated plasma BCAA level was an independent risk factor for CHD patients by a human cohort study. By employing the HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice of AS model, ingestion of BCAA significantly increased plaque volume, instability and inflammation in AS. Elevated BCAA due to high dietary BCAA intake or BCAA catabolic defects promoted AS progression. Furthermore, BCAA catabolic defects were found in the monocytes of patients with CHD and abdominal macrophages in AS mice. Improvement of BCAA catabolism in macrophages alleviated AS burden in mice. The protein screening assay revealed HMGB1 as a potential molecular target of BCAA in activating proinflammatory macrophages. Excessive BCAA induced the formation and secretion of disulfide HMGB1 as well as subsequent inflammatory cascade of macrophages in a mitochondrial-nuclear H2O2 dependent manner. Scavenging nuclear H2O2 by overexpression of nucleus-targeting catalase (nCAT) effectively inhibited BCAA-induced inflammation in macrophages. All of the results above illustrate that elevated BCAA promotes AS progression by inducing redox-regulated HMGB1 translocation and further proinflammatory macrophage activation. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of animo acids as the daily dietary nutrients in AS development, and also suggest that restricting excessive dietary BCAA consuming and promoting BCAA catabolism may serve as promising strategies to alleviate and prevent AS and its subsequent CHD.
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Surugihalli C, Muralidaran V, Ryan CE, Patel K, Zhao D, Sunny NE. Branched-chain amino acids alter cellular redox to induce lipid oxidation and reduce de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E299-E313. [PMID: 36791321 PMCID: PMC10042599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and molecular interactions between branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and lipid metabolism are evident in insulin-resistant tissues. However, it remains unclear whether insulin resistance is a prerequisite for these relationships and whether BCAAs or their metabolic intermediates can modulate hepatic lipid oxidation and synthesis. We hypothesized that BCAAs can alter hepatic oxidative function and de novo lipogenesis, independent of them being anaplerotic substrates for the mitochondria. Mice (C57BL/6NJ) were reared on a low-fat (LF), LF diet plus 1.5X BCAAs (LB), high-fat (HF) or HF diet plus 1.5X BCAAs (HB) for 12 wk. Hepatic metabolism was profiled utilizing stable isotopes coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, together with fed-to-fasted changes in gene and protein expression. A greater induction of lipid oxidation and ketogenesis on fasting was evident in the BCAA-supplemented, insulin-sensitive livers from LB mice, whereas their rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis remained lower than their LF counterparts. Onset of insulin resistance in HF and HB mice livers blunted these responses. Whole body turnover of BCAAs and their ketoacids, their serum concentrations, and the ketogenic flux from BCAA catabolism, all remained similar between fasted LF and LB mice. This suggested that the impact of BCAAs on lipid metabolism can occur independent of them or their degradation products fueling anaplerosis through the liver mitochondria. Furthermore, the greater induction of lipid oxidation in the LB livers accompanied higher mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio and higher fed-to-fasting phosphorylation of AMPKα and ACC. Taken together, our results provide evidence that BCAA supplementation, under conditions of insulin sensitivity, improved the feeding-to-fasting induction of hepatic lipid oxidation through changes in cellular redox, thus providing a favorable biochemical environment for flux through β-oxidation and lower de novo lipogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been shown to modulate lipid metabolic networks in various tissues, especially during insulin resistance. In this study we show that the dietary supplementation of BCAAs to normal, insulin-sensitive mice resulted in higher mitochondrial NADH:NAD+ ratios and AMPK activation in the liver. This change in the cellular redox status provided an optimal metabolic milieu to increase fatty acid oxidation while keeping the rates of de novo lipogenesis lower in the BCAA-supplemented mice livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Surugihalli
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Vaishna Muralidaran
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Caitlin E Ryan
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Kruti Patel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - David Zhao
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Nishanth E Sunny
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
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Huang B, Lin H, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Zhou B, Zhuo Z, Sha W, Wei J, Luo L, Zhang H, Chen K. Identification of shared fatty acid metabolism related signatures in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO847. [PMID: 37056578 PMCID: PMC10088053 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: It is to be elucidated the risk-predictive role of differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism related genes (DE-FRGs) in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocardial infarction. Materials & methods: Four gene enrichment analyses defined DE-FRGs’ biological functions and pathways. Three strategies were applied to identify risk biomarkers and construct a nomogram. The 4-DE-FRG correlation with immune cell infiltration, drugs, and ceRNA was explored. Results: DE-FRGs were enriched in lipid metabolism. A risk nomogram was established by ACSL1, ALDH2, CYP27A1 and PPARA, demonstrating a good ability for DCM and myocardial infarction prediction. PPARA was positively correlated with adaptive immunocytes. Thirty-five drugs are candidate therapeutic targets. Conclusion: A nomogram and new biological targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DCM and myocardial infarction were provided.
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Guo Z, Wang M, Ying X, Yuan J, Wang C, Zhang W, Tian S, Yan X. Caloric restriction increases the resistance of aged heart to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating AMPK-SIRT 1-PGC 1a energy metabolism pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2045. [PMID: 36739302 PMCID: PMC9899227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of data suggest that caloric restriction (CR) has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in the elderly. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we created the I/R model in vivo by ligating the mice left coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into a young group fed ad libitum (y-AL), aged fed ad libitum (a-AL) and aged calorie restriction group (a-CR, 70% diet restriction), and fed for 6 weeks. The area of myocardial infarction was measured by Evan's blue-TTC staining, plasma cholesterol content quantified by ELISA, fatty acids and glucose measured by Langendorff working system, as well as protein expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a signaling pathway related factors in myocardial tissue detected by immunoblotting. Our results showed that CR significantly reduced infarct size in elderly mice after I/R injury, promoted glycolysis regardless of I/R injury, and restored myocardial glucose uptake in elderly mice. Compared with a-AL group, CR significantly promoted the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, p-PGC1a, and SOD2, but decreased PPARγ expression in aged mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that CR protects elderly mice from I/R injury by altering myocardial substrate energy metabolism via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Guo
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiyu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shouyuan Tian
- 1st Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Kahraman M, Yurtseven S, Sakar E, Daş A, Yalçın H, Güngören G, Boyraz MÜ, Koyuncu İ. Pistachio, Pomegranate and Olive Byproducts Added to Sheep Rations Change the Biofunctional Properties of Milk through the Milk Amino Acid Profile. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:124-138. [PMID: 36789194 PMCID: PMC9890361 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of adding pistachio shell (PIS), pomegranate hull (POM), and olive pulp (OP) to the diet on milk amino acid and fatty acid parameters in Awassi sheep. In the study, 40 head of Awassi sheep, which gave birth at least twice, were used as animal material. Sheep were fed a control diet without added byproducts (CON), rations containing PIS, POM, and OP. Milk amino acid profile was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, milk fatty acid gas chromatography-flame ionization detection device. There was a dramatic reduction in alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, ornithine and alphaaminoadipic acid in the research groups. In the PIS group, argininosuccinic acid, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine and sarcosine; In the POM group, asparagine, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine, and taurine; In the OP group, a significant positive increase was found in terms of alanine, histidine, gammaminobutyric acid, and taurine amino acids. The applications in the study did not have a statistically significant effect on the ratio of short, medium and long chain fatty acids in milk (p>0.05). In the presented study, it was determined that PIS, POM, and OP, which were added to the sheep rations at a rate of 5%, caused significant changes in the milk amino acid profiles. In this change in milk amino acid profiles, the benefit-harm relationship should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Kahraman
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey,Corresponding author:
Mücahit Kahraman, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey, Tel:
+90-414-318-3918, Fax: +90-414-318-3922, E-mail:
| | - Sabri Yurtseven
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Ebru Sakar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Aydın Daş
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Hamza Yalçın
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Gülşah Güngören
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ünal Boyraz
- Histology Department, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
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Li Y, Xiong Z, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Yi L, Hu Y, Zhai X, Liu J, Tian F, Chen Y. Klf4 deficiency exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via enhancing ROCK1/DRP1 pathway-dependent mitochondrial fission. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:115-132. [PMID: 36509022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Excessive mitochondrial fission is considered key process involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the upstream mechanism remains largely unclear. Decreased level of Kruppel Like Factor 4 (KLF4) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and heart's adaption to stress. However, the role of Klf4 in I/R process is not fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate how Klf4 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and further clarify its underlying mechanism during cardiac I/R injury. METHODS Loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies were applied to investigate the role of Klf4 in cardiac I/R injury via genetic ablation or intra-myocardial adenovirus injection. Mitochondrial dynamics was analyzed by confocal microscopy in vitro and transmission electron microscopy in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS KLF4 was downregulated in I/R heart. Cardiac-specific Klf4 knockout significantly exacerbated cardiac dysfunction in I/R mice. Mechanistically, Klf4 deficiency aggravated mitochondrial apoptosis, reduced ATP generation and boosted ROS overproduction via enhancing DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission. ROCK1 was identified as a kinase regulating DRP1 activity at Ser616. Klf4 deficiency upregulated the expression of ROCK1 at transcriptional level, thus increasing S616-DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission during I/R. Finally, reconstitution of Klf4 inhibited mitochondrial fission, restored mitochondrial function and alleviated I/R injury. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that Klf4 deficiency exacerbates myocardial I/R injury through regulating ROCK1 expression at transcriptional level to induce DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics by restoring Klf4 might be potentially cardio-protective strategies attenuating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yufan Jiang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingyun Hu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Wang B, Gan L, Deng Y, Zhu S, Li G, Nasser MI, Liu N, Zhu P. Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247511. [PMID: 36556132 PMCID: PMC9785879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise may greatly enhance the metabolism and function of the cardiovascular system, lower several risk factors, and prevent the development and treatment of cardiovascular disease while delivering easy, physical, and emotional enjoyment. Exercise regulates the cardiovascular system by reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, regulating cardiovascular insulin sensitivity and the body's metabolism, promoting stem cell mobilization, strengthening autophagy and myocardial mitochondrial function, and enhancing cardiovascular damage resistance, among other effects. Appropriate exercise intervention has become an essential adjuvant therapy in clinical practice for treating and rehabilitating various cardiovascular diseases. However, the prescription of exercise for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly the precise selection of individual exercise techniques and their volume, remains controversial. Using multiomics to explain further the molecular process underlying the positive effects of exercise on cardiovascular health will not only improve our understanding of the effects of exercise on health but also establish a scientific basis and supply new ideas for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases by activating the endogenous protective mechanisms of the body and suggesting more specific exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
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Voronova V, Sokolov V, Morias Y, Boezelman MJ, Wågberg M, Henricsson M, Hansson K, Goltsov A, Peskov K, Sundqvist M. Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA catabolism using a systems pharmacology model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:993422. [PMID: 36518669 PMCID: PMC9744226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.993422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal branched-chained amino acids (BCAA) accumulation in cardiomyocytes is associated with cardiac remodeling in heart failure. Administration of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor BT2 has been shown to reduce cardiac BCAA levels and demonstrated positive effects on cardiac function in a preclinical setting. The current study is focused on evaluating the impact of BT2 on the systemic and cardiac levels of BCAA and their metabolites as well as activities of BCAA catabolic enzymes using a quantitative systems pharmacology model. Methods: The model is composed of an ordinary differential equation system characterizing BCAA consumption with food, disposal in the proteins, reversible branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (BCAT)-mediated transamination to branched-chain keto-acids (BCKA), followed by BCKD-mediated oxidation. Activity of BCKD is regulated by the balance of BCKDK and protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm) activities, affected by BT2 treatment. Cardiac BCAA levels are assumed to directly affect left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Biochemical characteristics of the enzymes are taken from the public domains, while plasma and cardiac BCAA and BCKA levels in BT2 treated mice are used to inform the model parameters. Results: The model provides adequate reproduction of the experimental data and predicts synchronous BCAA responses in the systemic and cardiac space, dictated by rapid BCAA equilibration between the tissues. The model-based simulations indicate maximum possible effect of BT2 treatment on BCAA reduction to be 40% corresponding to 12% increase in LVEF. Model sensitivity analysis demonstrates strong impact of BCKDK and PP2Cm activities as well as total BCKD and co-substrate levels (glutamate, ketoglutarate and ATP) on BCAA and BCKA levels. Conclusion: Model based simulations confirms using of plasma measurements as a marker of cardiac BCAA changes under BCKDK inhibition. The proposed model can be used for optimization of preclinical study design for novel compounds targeting BCAA catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Sokolov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- STU Sirius, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yannick Morias
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonsson Boezelman
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Wågberg
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Hansson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Peskov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- STU Sirius, Sochi, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Monika Sundqvist
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang R, Zhao J, Jin J, Tian Y, Lan L, Wang X, Zhu L, Wang J. WY-14643 attenuates lipid deposition via activation of the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335 to inhibit cell proliferation and migration in ccRCC. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:121. [DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Histologically, cytoplasmic deposits of lipids and glycogen are common in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Owing to the significance of lipid deposition in ccRCC, numerous trials targeting lipid metabolism have shown certain therapeutic potential. The agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) via ligands, including WY-14,643, has been considered a promising intervention for cancers.
Methods
First, the effects of WY-14,643 on malignant behaviors were investigated in ccRCC in vitro. After RNA sequencing, the changes in lipid metabolism, especially neutral lipids and glycerol, were further evaluated. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were revealed.
Results
Phenotypically, the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells treated with WY-14,643 were significantly inhibited in vitro. A theoretical functional mechanism was proposed in ccRCC: WY-14,643 mediates lipid consumption by recognizing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (CPT1A). Activation of PPARα using WY-14,643 reduces lipid deposition by increasing the CPT1A level, which also suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway. Spatially, WY-14,643 binds and activates PPARα by targeting Gly335.
Conclusion
Overall, WY-14,643 suppresses the biological behaviors of ccRCC in terms of cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, its anticancer properties are mediated by the inhibition of lipid accumulation, at least in part, through the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335, as part of the process, NF-κB signaling is also suppressed. Pharmacological activation of PPARα might offer a new treatment option for ccRCC.
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Bollinger E, Peloquin M, Libera J, Albuquerque B, Pashos E, Shipstone A, Hadjipanayis A, Sun Z, Xing G, Clasquin M, Stansfield JC, Tierney B, Gernhardt S, Siddall CP, Greizer T, Geoly FJ, Vargas SR, Gao LC, Williams G, Marshall M, Rosado A, Steppan C, Filipski KJ, Zhang BB, Miller RA, Roth Flach RJ. BDK inhibition acts as a catabolic switch to mimic fasting and improve metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101611. [PMID: 36220546 PMCID: PMC9589198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic defects are implicated to be causal determinates of multiple diseases. This work aimed to better understand how enhancing BCAA catabolism affected metabolic homeostasis as well as the mechanisms underlying these improvements. METHODS The rate limiting step of BCAA catabolism is the irreversible decarboxylation by the branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) enzyme complex, which is post-translationally controlled through phosphorylation by BCKDH kinase (BDK). This study utilized BT2, a small molecule allosteric inhibitor of BDK, in multiple mouse models of metabolic dysfunction and NAFLD including the high fat diet (HFD) model with acute and chronic treatment paradigms, the choline deficient and methionine minimal high fat diet (CDAHFD) model, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor null mouse model (Ldlr-/-). shRNA was additionally used to knock down BDK in liver to elucidate liver-specific effects of BDK inhibition in HFD-fed mice. RESULTS A rapid improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed in HFD-fed and lean mice after BT2 treatment. Resistance to steatosis was assessed in HFD-fed mice, CDAHFD-fed mice, and Ldlr-/- mice. In all cases, BT2 treatment reduced steatosis and/or inflammation. Fasting and refeeding demonstrated a lack of response to feeding-induced changes in plasma metabolites including insulin and beta-hydroxybutyrate and hepatic gene changes in BT2-treated mice. Mechanistically, BT2 treatment acutely altered the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis in liver, and upstream regulator analysis suggested that BT2 treatment activated PPARα. However, BT2 did not directly activate PPARα in vitro. Conversely, shRNA-AAV-mediated knockdown of BDK specifically in liver in vivo did not demonstrate any effects on glycemia, steatosis, or PPARα-mediated gene expression in mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that BT2 treatment acutely improves metabolism and liver steatosis in multiple mouse models. While many molecular changes occur in liver in BT2-treated mice, these changes were not observed in mice with AAV-mediated shRNA knockdown of BDK. All together, these data suggest that systemic BDK inhibition is required to improve metabolism and steatosis by prolonging a fasting signature in a paracrine manner. Therefore, BCAA may act as a "fed signal" to promote nutrient storage and reduced systemic BCAA levels as shown in this study via BDK inhibition may act as a "fasting signal" to prolong the catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Bollinger
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Peloquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Jenna Libera
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Bina Albuquerque
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Evanthia Pashos
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Arun Shipstone
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Angela Hadjipanayis
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Gang Xing
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - C. Parker Siddall
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy Greizer
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank J. Geoly
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton CT 06340, USA
| | - Sarah R. Vargas
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton CT 06340, USA
| | - Lily C. Gao
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - George Williams
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Amy Rosado
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | | | - Bei B. Zhang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Russell A. Miller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Rachel J. Roth Flach
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge MA 02139, USA,Corresponding author. Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland St, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
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Hinkle JS, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: An Overview and Mechanistic Summary. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200109. [PMID: 36047448 PMCID: PMC9786258 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential in the diet and promote several vital cell responses which may have benefits for health and athletic performance, as well as disease prevention. While BCAA are well-known for their ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, their effects on cell energetics are also becoming well-documented, but these receive less attention. In this review, much of the current evidence demonstrating BCAA ability (as individual amino acids or as part of dietary mixtures) to alter regulators of cellular energetics with an emphasis on mitochondrial biogenesis and related signaling is highlighted. Several studies have shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that BCAA (either individual or as a mixture) may promote signaling associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis including the upregulation of master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), as well as numerous downstream targets and related function. However, sparse data in humans and the difficulty of controlling variables associated with feeding studies leave the physiological relevance of these findings unclear. Future well-controlled diet studies will be needed to assess if BCAA consumption is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved metabolic outcomes in healthy and/or diseased human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Hinkle
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
| | - Caroline N. Rivera
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
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Gumanova NG, Vasilyev DK, Bogdanova NL, Havrichenko YI, Kots AY, Metelskaya VA. Application of an antibody microarray for serum protein profiling of coronary artery stenosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 631:55-63. [PMID: 36166954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein expression profiling in the serum is used to identify novel biomarkers and investigate the signaling pathways in various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum biomarkers associated with coronary artery stenosis resulting from atherosclerosis. The study included 4 groups of subjects: group A and B with and without coronary lesions, respectively, were selected from a previously reported cohort study on coronary atherosclerosis, control group C comprised of asymptomatic subjects and group D was used for independent validation of the microarray data by ELISA. Labeled serum proteins were profiled by an Explorer antibody array, which included 656 specific antibodies in two replicates (FullMoon Biosystems, USA). Cadherin-P, interleukin-5, glutathione S-transferase Mu, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were sex-independently increased in Group A compared with those in group B. The microarray data on cadherin-P were externally validated in an independent group D using ELISA. Fibroblast growth factor-1, FGF-2, collagen II, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-1 alpha, angiopoietin-2, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, lymphocyte cell-specific protein tyrosine kinase, and IkappaB kinase b were increase in men in group A compared with group B. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1, DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha DFF45/ICAD, adenovirus type 2 E1A, calponin, ADP-ribosylation factor-6, muscle-specific actin, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase were specifically increased in women in Group A compared with group B. Alterations in the levels of specific proteins may point to the signaling pathways contributing to coronary atherosclerosis, and these proteins will be useful biomarkers for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda G Gumanova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry K Vasilyev
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya L Bogdanova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav I Havrichenko
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Ya Kots
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria A Metelskaya
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (NRCPM), Petroverigsky, 10, Building 3, 101990, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Gao Y, Liu P, Wang D, Liu J, Yang L, Kang Y, Han B, Yin J, Zhu J, Wang K, Li C. Isolation and characterization of a novel protein from Momordica charantia L. Positively regulates lipid metabolism activity in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Guo L, Wang B, Zhang F, Gao C, Hu G, Zhou M, Wang R, Zhao H, Yan W, Zhang L, Ma Z, Yang W, Guo X, Huang C, Cui Z, Sun F, Song D, Liu L, Tao L. Novel biomarkers identifying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its obstructive variant based on targeted amino acid metabolomics. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1952-1961. [PMID: 36156511 PMCID: PMC9746752 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an underdiagnosed genetic heart disease worldwide. The management and prognosis of obstructive HCM (HOCM) and non-obstructive HCM (HNCM) are quite different, but it also remains challenging to discriminate these two subtypes. HCM is characterized by dysmetabolism, and myocardial amino acid (AA) metabolism is robustly changed. The present study aimed to delineate plasma AA and derivatives profiles, and identify potential biomarkers for HCM. METHODS Plasma samples from 166 participants, including 57 cases of HOCM, 52 cases of HNCM, and 57 normal controls (NCs), who first visited the International Cooperation Center for HCM, Xijing Hospital between December 2019 and September 2020, were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on targeted AA metabolomics. Three separate classification algorithms, including random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression, were applied for the identification of specific AA and derivatives compositions for HCM and the development of screening models to discriminate HCM from NC as well as HOCM from HNCM. RESULTS The univariate analysis showed that the serine, glycine, proline, citrulline, glutamine, cystine, creatinine, cysteine, choline, and aminoadipic acid levels in the HCM group were significantly different from those in the NC group. Four AAs and derivatives (Panel A; proline, glycine, cysteine, and choline) were screened out by multiple feature selection algorithms for discriminating HCM patients from NCs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in Panel A yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.83 (0.75-0.91) in the training set and 0.79 (0.65-0.94) in the validation set. Moreover, among 10 AAs and derivatives (arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, alanine, asparagine, creatine, tryptophan, ornithine, and choline) with statistical significance between HOCM and HNCM, 3 AAs (Panel B; arginine, proline, and ornithine) were selected to differentiate the two subgroups. The AUC values in the training and validation sets for Panel B were 0.83 (0.74-0.93) and 0.82 (0.66-0.98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The plasma AA and derivatives profiles were distinct between the HCM and NC groups. Based on the differential profiles, the two established screening models have potential value in assisting HCM screening and identifying whether it is obstructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Mengyao Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Rutao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhiling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Luteolin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis via the ERK/PPARα Pathway. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:8161946. [PMID: 35966821 PMCID: PMC9366205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8161946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a clinically significant process that frequently occurs in liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy, and hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of luteolin in hepatic IR injury and the underlying mechanism. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, including normal controls (NC), luteolin (50 mg/kg), sham procedure, IR+25 mg/kg luteolin, and IR+50 mg/kg luteolin group. Serum and tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion to assay liver enzymes, inflammatory factors, expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy, and factors associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ERK/PPARα) pathway. Luteolin preconditioning decreased hepatocyte injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, downregulated inflammatory factors, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Luteolin also inhibited ERK phosphorylation and activated PPARα.
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Xiong Y, Jiang L, Li T. Aberrant branched-chain amino acid catabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:965899. [PMID: 35911554 PMCID: PMC9334649 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.965899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Research has focused on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. There are three types of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) required for protein homeostasis, energy balance, and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has implicated BCAAs in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biological origin, signal transduction pathways and function of BCAAs as well as their significance in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
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Portero V, Nicol T, Podliesna S, Marchal GA, Baartscheer A, Casini S, Tadros R, Treur JL, Tanck MWT, Cox IJ, Probert F, Hough TA, Falcone S, Beekman L, Müller-Nurasyid M, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Peters A, Kääb S, Sinner MF, Blease A, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR, Potter PK, Remme CA. Chronically elevated branched chain amino acid levels are pro-arrhythmic. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1742-1757. [PMID: 34142125 PMCID: PMC9215196 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac arrhythmias comprise a major health and economic burden and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including cardiac failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies is hampered by incomplete knowledge of disease mechanisms and pathways. Our aim is to identify novel mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmia and SCD using an unbiased approach. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed a phenotype-driven N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screen and identified a mouse line with a high incidence of sudden death at young age (6-9 weeks) in the absence of prior symptoms. Affected mice were found to be homozygous for the nonsense mutation Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* in the Bcat2 gene encoding branched chain amino acid transaminase 2. At the age of 4-5 weeks, Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* mice displayed drastic increase of plasma levels of branch chain amino acids (BCAAs-leucine, isoleucine, valine) due to the incomplete catabolism of BCAAs, in addition to inducible arrhythmias ex vivo as well as cardiac conduction and repolarization disturbances. In line with these findings, plasma BCAA levels were positively correlated to electrocardiogram indices of conduction and repolarization in the German community-based KORA F4 Study. Isolated cardiomyocytes from Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* mice revealed action potential (AP) prolongation, pro-arrhythmic events (early and late afterdepolarizations, triggered APs), and dysregulated calcium homeostasis. Incubation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with elevated concentration of BCAAs induced similar calcium dysregulation and pro-arrhythmic events which were prevented by rapamycin, demonstrating the crucial involvement of mTOR pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify for the first time a causative link between elevated BCAAs and arrhythmia, which has implications for arrhythmogenesis in conditions associated with BCAA metabolism dysregulation such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Portero
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Nicol
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Svitlana Podliesna
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius Baartscheer
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W T Tanck
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), The Netherlands
| | - I Jane Cox
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tertius A Hough
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Falcone
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Leander Beekman
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian’s University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Blease
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul K Potter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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