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Williams D. Why so slow? Models of parkinsonian bradykinesia. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41583-024-00830-0. [PMID: 38937655 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bradykinesia, or slowness of movement, is a defining feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and a major contributor to the negative effects on quality of life associated with this disorder and related conditions. A dominant pathophysiological model of bradykinesia in PD has existed for approximately 30 years and has been the basis for the development of several therapeutic interventions, but accumulating evidence has made this model increasingly untenable. Although more recent models have been proposed, they also appear to be flawed. In this Perspective, I consider the leading prior models of bradykinesia in PD and argue that a more functionally related model is required, one that considers changes that disrupt the fundamental process of accurate information transmission. In doing so, I review emerging evidence of network level functional connectivity changes, information transfer dysfunction and potential motor code transmission error and present a novel model of bradykinesia in PD that incorporates this evidence. I hope that this model may reconcile inconsistencies in its predecessors and encourage further development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Neurology, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
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2
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Liu X, Guang J, Glowinsky S, Abadi H, Arkadir D, Linetsky E, Abu Snineh M, León JF, Israel Z, Wang W, Bergman H. Subthalamic nucleus input-output dynamics are correlated with Parkinson's burden and treatment efficacy. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:117. [PMID: 38879564 PMCID: PMC11180194 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is pivotal in basal ganglia function in health and disease. Micro-electrode recordings of >25,000 recording sites from 146 Parkinson's patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) allowed differentiation between subthalamic input, represented by local field potential (LFP), and output, reflected in spike discharge rate (SPK). As with many natural systems, STN neuronal activity exhibits power-law dynamics characterized by the exponent α. We, therefore, dissected STN data into aperiodic and periodic components using the Fitting Oscillations & One Over F (FOOOF) tool. STN LFP showed significantly higher aperiodic exponents than SPK. Additionally, SPK beta oscillations demonstrated a downward frequency shift compared to LFP. Finally, the STN aperiodic and spiking parameters explained a significant fraction of the variance of the burden and treatment efficacy of Parkinson's disease. The unique STN input-output dynamics may clarify its role in Parkinson's physiology and can be utilized in closed-loop DBS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jing Guang
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stefanie Glowinsky
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Abadi
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eduard Linetsky
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneer Abu Snineh
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juan F León
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hagai Bergman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Callahan JW, Morales JC, Atherton JF, Wang D, Kostic S, Bevan MD. Movement-related increases in subthalamic activity optimize locomotion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.07.570617. [PMID: 38105984 PMCID: PMC10723456 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is traditionally thought to restrict movement. Lesion or prolonged STN inhibition increases movement vigor and propensity, while ontogenetic excitation typically has opposing effects. Subthalamic and motor activity are also inversely correlated in movement disorders. However, most STN neurons exhibit movement-related increases in firing. To address this paradox, STN activity was recorded and manipulated in head-fixed mice at rest and during self-initiated treadmill locomotion. The majority of STN neurons (type 1) exhibited locomotion-dependent increases in activity, with half encoding the locomotor cycle. A minority of neurons exhibited dips in activity or were uncorrelated with movement. Brief optogenetic inhibition of the dorsolateral STN (where type 1 neurons are concentrated) slowed and prematurely terminated locomotion. In Q175 Huntington's disease mice abnormally brief, low-velocity locomotion was specifically associated with type 1 hyperactivity. Together these data argue that movement-related increases in STN activity contribute to optimal locomotor performance.
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4
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Hollunder B, Ostrem JL, Sahin IA, Rajamani N, Oxenford S, Butenko K, Neudorfer C, Reinhardt P, Zvarova P, Polosan M, Akram H, Vissani M, Zhang C, Sun B, Navratil P, Reich MM, Volkmann J, Yeh FC, Baldermann JC, Dembek TA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Alho EJL, Franceschini PR, Nanda P, Finke C, Kühn AA, Dougherty DD, Richardson RM, Bergman H, DeLong MR, Mazzoni A, Romito LM, Tyagi H, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Chabardes S, Starr PA, Li N, Horn A. Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:573-586. [PMID: 38388734 PMCID: PMC10917675 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregated the frontal cortex into circuits that had become dysfunctional in each of them. Dysfunctional circuits were topographically arranged from occipital to frontal, ranging from interconnections with sensorimotor cortices in dystonia, the primary motor cortex in Tourette's syndrome, the supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease, to ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight the integration of deep brain stimulation with brain connectomics as a powerful tool to explore couplings between brain structure and functional impairments in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill L Ostrem
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilkem Aysu Sahin
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simón Oxenford
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Zvarova
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Harith Akram
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin M Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahlon R DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi M Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Himanshu Tyagi
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Eileen M Joyce
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philip A Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ningfei Li
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Kochoian BA, Bure C, Papa SM. Targeting Striatal Glutamate and Phosphodiesterases to Control L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:2754. [PMID: 38067182 PMCID: PMC10706484 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of work during the past several decades has been focused on therapeutic strategies to control L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), common motor complications of long-term L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, LIDs remain a clinical challenge for the management of patients with advanced disease. Glutamatergic dysregulation of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) appears to be a key contributor to altered motor responses to L-DOPA. Targeting striatal hyperactivity at the glutamatergic neurotransmission level led to significant preclinical and clinical trials of a variety of antiglutamatergic agents. In fact, the only FDA-approved treatment for LIDs is amantadine, a drug with NMDAR antagonistic actions. Still, novel agents with improved pharmacological profiles are needed for LID therapy. Recently other therapeutic targets to reduce dysregulated SPN activity at the signal transduction level have emerged. In particular, mechanisms regulating the levels of cyclic nucleotides play a major role in the transduction of dopamine signals in SPNs. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a large family of enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides in a specific manner, are of special interest. We will review the research for antiglutamatergic and PDE inhibition strategies in view of the future development of novel LID therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brik A. Kochoian
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Cassandra Bure
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stella M. Papa
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (B.A.K.); (C.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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6
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Hollunder B, Ostrem JL, Sahin IA, Rajamani N, Oxenford S, Butenko K, Neudorfer C, Reinhardt P, Zvarova P, Polosan M, Akram H, Vissani M, Zhang C, Sun B, Navratil P, Reich MM, Volkmann J, Yeh FC, Baldermann JC, Dembek TA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Alho EJL, Franceschini PR, Nanda P, Finke C, Kühn AA, Dougherty DD, Richardson RM, Bergman H, DeLong MR, Mazzoni A, Romito LM, Tyagi H, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Chabardes S, Starr PA, Li N, Horn A. Mapping Dysfunctional Circuits in the Frontal Cortex Using Deep Brain Stimulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.07.23286766. [PMID: 36945497 PMCID: PMC10029043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive, and affective processing - and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)function remains largely elusive. Here, we study 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregate the frontal cortex into circuits that became dysfunctional in each of them. Dysfunctional circuits were topographically arranged from occipital to rostral, ranging from interconnections with sensorimotor cortices in dystonia, with the primary motor cortex in Tourette's syndrome, the supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease, to ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight the integration of deep brain stimulation with brain connectomics as a powerful tool to explore couplings between brain structure and functional impairment in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill L. Ostrem
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilkem Aysu Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simón Oxenford
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Zvarova
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Harith Akram
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin M. Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A. Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darin D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagai Bergman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hassadah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahlon R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi M. Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Himanshu Tyagi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Eileen M. Joyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philip A. Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ningfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Ji YW, Zhang X, Fan JP, Gu WX, Shen ZL, Wu HC, Cui G, Zhou C, Xiao C. Differential remodeling of subthalamic projections to basal ganglia output nuclei and locomotor deficits in 6-OHDA-induced hemiparkinsonian mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112178. [PMID: 36857188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) controls basal ganglia outputs via the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi). However, the synaptic properties of these projections and their roles in motor control remain unclear. We show that the STN-SNr and STN-GPi projections differ markedly in magnitude and activity-dependent plasticity despite the existence of collateral STN neurons projecting to both the SNr and GPi. Stimulation of either STN projection reduces locomotion; in contrast, inhibition of either the STN-SNr projection or collateral STN neurons facilitates locomotion. In 6-OHDA-hemiparkinsonian mice, the STN-SNr projection is dramatically attenuated, but the STN-GPi projection is robustly enhanced; apomorphine inhibition of the STN-GPi projection through D2 receptors is significantly augmented and improves locomotion. Optogenetic inhibition of either the STN-SNr or STN-GPi projection improves parkinsonian bradykinesia. These results suggest that the STN-GPi and STN-SNr projections are differentially involved in motor control in physiological and parkinsonian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Ji
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Jiang-Peng Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Brain Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Wei-Xin Gu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zi-Lin Shen
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Wu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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8
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Katabi S, Adler A, Deffains M, Bergman H. Dichotomous activity and function of neurons with low- and high-frequency discharge in the external globus pallidus of non-human primates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111898. [PMID: 36596302 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is a consensus that there are at least two neuronal populations in the non-human primate (NHP) external globus pallidus (GPe): low-frequency discharge (LFD) and high-frequency discharge (HFD) neurons. Nevertheless, almost all NHP physiological studies have neglected the functional importance of LFD neurons. This study examined the discharge features of these two GPe neuronal subpopulations recorded in four NHPs engaged in a classical conditioning task with cues predicting reward, neutral and aversive outcomes. The results show that LFD neurons tended to burst, encoded the salience of behavioral cues, and exhibited correlated spiking activity. By contrast, the HFD neurons tended to pause, encoded cue valence, and exhibited uncorrelated spiking activity. Overall, these findings point to the dichotomic organization of the NHP GPe, which is likely to be critical to the implementation of normal basal ganglia functions and computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Katabi
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Avital Adler
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Marc Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMN, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, UMR 5293, IMN, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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9
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Lin HC, Wu YH, Huang CW, Ker MD. Verification of the beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus of the MPTP-induced parkinsonian minipig model. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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10
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Mizrahi-Kliger AD, Kaplan A, Israel Z, Bergman H. Entrainment to sleep spindles reflects dissociable patterns of connectivity between cortex and basal ganglia. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111367. [PMID: 36130495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are crucial for learning in the cortex and basal ganglia (BG) because they facilitate the reactivation of previously active neuronal ensembles. Studying field potentials (FPs) and spiking in the cortex and BG during sleep in non-human primates following pre-sleep learning, we show that FP sleep spindles are widespread in the BG and are similar to cortical spindles in morphology, spectral content, and response to the pre-sleep task. Further, BG spindles are concordant with electroencephalogram (EEG) spindles and associated with increased cortico-BG correlation. However, spindles across the BG differ markedly in their entrainment of local spiking. The spiking activity of striatal projection neurons exhibits consistent phase locking to striatal and EEG spindles, producing phase windows of peaked cross-region spindling. In contrast, firing in other BG nuclei is not entrained to either local or EEG sleep spindles. These results suggest corticostriatal synapses as the main hub for offline cortico-BG communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv D Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Spontaneous pauses in firing of external pallidum neurons are associated with exploratory behavior. Commun Biol 2022; 5:612. [PMID: 35729350 PMCID: PMC9213498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous pauses in firing are the hallmark of external pallidum (GPe) neurons. However, the role of GPe pauses in the basal ganglia network remains unknown. Pupil size and saccadic eye movements have been linked to attention and exploration. Here, we recorded GPe spiking activity and the corresponding pupil sizes and eye positions in non-human primates. We show that pauses, rather than the GPe discharge rate per se, were associated with dilated pupils. In addition, following pause initiation there was a considerable increase in the rate of spontaneous saccades. These results suggest that pauses are a powerful mechanism by which the GPe may influence basal ganglia downstream structures and play a role in exploratory behavior. Integrated analysis of external pallidum (GPe) neuronal firing, pupil size, and saccadic movements in non-human primates reveals that pauses in GPe firing are associated with pupil dilation. These results suggest that pauses in GPe activity might influence downstream structures in the basal ganglia network and influence exploratory behavior.
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12
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Adam EM, Brown EN, Kopell N, McCarthy MM. Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease can restore dynamics of striatal networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120808119. [PMID: 35500112 PMCID: PMC9171607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120808119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is highly effective in alleviating movement disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its therapeutic mechanism of action is unknown. The healthy striatum exhibits rich dynamics resulting from an interaction of beta, gamma, and theta oscillations. These rhythms are essential to selection and execution of motor programs, and their loss or exaggeration due to dopamine (DA) depletion in PD is a major source of behavioral deficits. Restoring the natural rhythms may then be instrumental in the therapeutic action of DBS. We develop a biophysical networked model of a BG pathway to study how abnormal beta oscillations can emerge throughout the BG in PD and how DBS can restore normal beta, gamma, and theta striatal rhythms. Our model incorporates STN projections to the striatum, long known but understudied, found to preferentially target fast-spiking interneurons (FSI). We find that DBS in STN can normalize striatal medium spiny neuron activity by recruiting FSI dynamics and restoring the inhibitory potency of FSIs observed in normal conditions. We also find that DBS allows the reexpression of gamma and theta rhythms, thought to be dependent on high DA levels and thus lost in PD, through cortical noise control. Our study highlights that DBS effects can go beyond regularizing BG output dynamics to restoring normal internal BG dynamics and the ability to regulate them. It also suggests how gamma and theta oscillations can be leveraged to supplement DBS treatment and enhance its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie M. Adam
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Emery N. Brown
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nancy Kopell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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13
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Subthalamic nucleus stabilizes movements by reducing neural spike variability in monkey basal ganglia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2233. [PMID: 35468893 PMCID: PMC9038919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus projects to the external and internal pallidum, the modulatory and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, respectively, and plays an indispensable role in controlling voluntary movements. However, the precise mechanism by which the subthalamic nucleus controls pallidal activity and movements remains elusive. Here, we utilize chemogenetics to reversibly reduce neural activity of the motor subregion of the subthalamic nucleus in three macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata, both sexes) during a reaching task. Systemic administration of chemogenetic ligands prolongs movement time and increases spike train variability in the pallidum, but only slightly affects firing rate modulations. Across-trial analyses reveal that the irregular discharges in the pallidum coincides with prolonged movement time. Reduction of subthalamic activity also induces excessive abnormal movements in the contralateral forelimb, which are preceded by subthalamic and pallidal phasic activity changes. Our results suggest that the subthalamic nucleus stabilizes pallidal spike trains and achieves stable movements. Chemogenetic inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus in monkeys increases spike train variability in the pallidum and prolongs movement time, suggesting its role in stabilizing pallidal spike trains to achieve stable motor control.
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14
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Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114985119. [PMID: 35357970 PMCID: PMC9168456 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114985119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied deep brain stimulation effects in two types of dystonia and conclude that different specific connections between the pallidum and thalamus are responsible for optimal treatment effects. Since alternative treatment options for dystonia beyond deep brain stimulation are scarce, our results will be crucial to maximize treatment outcome in this population of patients. Dystonia is a debilitating disease with few treatment options. One effective option is deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the internal pallidum. While cervical and generalized forms of isolated dystonia have been targeted with a common approach to the posterior third of the nucleus, large-scale investigations regarding optimal stimulation sites and potential network effects have not been carried out. Here, we retrospectively studied clinical results following DBS for cervical and generalized dystonia in a multicenter cohort of 80 patients. We model DBS electrode placement based on pre- and postoperative imaging and introduce an approach to map optimal stimulation sites to anatomical space. Second, we investigate which tracts account for optimal clinical improvements, when modulated. Third, we investigate distributed stimulation effects on a whole-brain functional connectome level. Our results show marked differences of optimal stimulation sites that map to the somatotopic structure of the internal pallidum. While modulation of the striatopallidofugal axis of the basal ganglia accounted for optimal treatment of cervical dystonia, modulation of pallidothalamic bundles did so in generalized dystonia. Finally, we show a common multisynaptic network substrate for both phenotypes in the form of connectivity to the cerebellum and somatomotor cortex. Our results suggest a brief divergence of optimal stimulation networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia within the pallidothalamic loop that merge again on a thalamo-cortical level and share a common whole-brain network.
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15
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The Origin of Abnormal Beta Oscillations in the Parkinsonian Corticobasal Ganglia Circuits. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:7524066. [PMID: 35251590 PMCID: PMC8896962 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7524066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exaggerated beta band (15–30 Hz) neuronal oscillations are widely observed in corticobasal ganglia (BG) circuits during parkinsonism. Abnormal beta oscillations have been linked to motor symptoms of PD, but their exact relationship is poorly understood. Nevertheless, reduction of beta oscillations can induce therapeutic effects in PD patients. While it is widely believed that the external globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are jointly responsible for abnormal rhythmogenesis in the parkinsonian BG, the role of other cortico-BG circuits cannot be ignored. To shed light on the origin of abnormal beta oscillations in PD, here we review changes of neuronal activity observed in experimental PD models and discuss how the cortex and different BG nuclei cooperate to generate and stabilize abnormal beta oscillations during parkinsonism. This may provide further insights into the complex relationship between abnormal beta oscillations and motor dysfunction in PD, which is crucial for potential target-specific therapeutic interventions in PD patients.
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16
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Mizrahi-Kliger AD, Feldmann LK, Kühn AA, Bergman H. Etiologies of insomnia in Parkinson's disease - Lessons from human studies and animal models. Exp Neurol 2022; 350:113976. [PMID: 35026228 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are integral to Parkinson's disease (PD). Insomnia, an inability to maintain stable sleep, affects most patients and is widely rated as one of the most debilitating facets of this disease. PD insomnia is often perceived as a multifactorial entity - a consequence of several of the disease symptoms, comorbidities and therapeutic strategies. Yet, this view evolved against a backdrop of a relative scarcity of works trying to directly dissect the underlying neural correlates and mechanisms in animal models. The last years have seen the emergence of a wealth of new evidence regarding the neural underpinnings of insomnia in PD. Here, we review early and recent reports from patients and animal models evaluating the etiology of PD insomnia. We start by outlining the phenomenology of PD insomnia and continue to analyze the evidence supporting insomnia as emanating from four distinct subdivisions of etiologies - the symptoms and comorbidities of the disease, the medical therapy, the degeneration of non-dopaminergic cell groups and subsequent alterations in circadian rhythms, and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem and its resulting effect on the basal ganglia. Finally, we review emerging neuromodulation-based therapeutic avenues for PD insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv D Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Lucia K Feldmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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17
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Toward personalized medicine in connectomic deep brain stimulation. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 210:102211. [PMID: 34958874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the group-level, deep brain stimulation leads to significant therapeutic benefit in a multitude of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the single-patient level, however, symptoms may sometimes persist despite "optimal" electrode placement at established treatment coordinates. This may be partly explained by limitations of disease-centric strategies that are unable to account for heterogeneous phenotypes and comorbidities observed in clinical practice. Instead, tailoring electrode placement and programming to individual patients' symptom profiles may increase the fraction of top-responding patients. Here, we propose a three-step, circuit-based framework with the aim of developing patient-specific treatment targets that address the unique symptom constellation prevalent in each patient. First, we describe how a symptom network target library could be established by mapping beneficial or undesirable DBS effects to distinct circuits based on (retrospective) group-level data. Second, we suggest ways of matching the resulting symptom networks to circuits defined in the individual patient (template matching). Third, we introduce network blending as a strategy to calculate optimal stimulation targets and parameters by selecting and weighting a set of symptom-specific networks based on the symptom profile and subjective priorities of the individual patient. We integrate the approach with published literature and conclude by discussing limitations and future challenges.
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18
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Horn A. Discovering the hidden life of the basal ganglia. Brain 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Iskhakova L, Rappel P, Deffains M, Fonar G, Marmor O, Paz R, Israel Z, Eitan R, Bergman H. Modulation of dopamine tone induces frequency shifts in cortico-basal ganglia beta oscillations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7026. [PMID: 34857767 PMCID: PMC8640051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Βeta oscillatory activity (human: 13-35 Hz; primate: 8-24 Hz) is pervasive within the cortex and basal ganglia. Studies in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models suggest that beta-power increases with dopamine depletion. However, the exact relationship between oscillatory power, frequency and dopamine tone remains unclear. We recorded neural activity in the cortex and basal ganglia of healthy non-human primates while acutely and chronically up- and down-modulating dopamine levels. We assessed changes in beta oscillations in patients with Parkinson's following acute and chronic changes in dopamine tone. Here we show beta oscillation frequency is strongly coupled with dopamine tone in both monkeys and humans. Power, coherence between single-units and local field potentials (LFP), spike-LFP phase-locking, and phase-amplitude coupling are not systematically regulated by dopamine levels. These results demonstrate that beta frequency is a key property of pathological oscillations in cortical and basal ganglia networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iskhakova
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - P Rappel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMN, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMN, Bordeaux, France
| | - G Fonar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Marmor
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Paz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Z Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Eitan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Nie Y, Luo H, Li X, Geng X, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Wang S. Subthalamic dynamic neural states correlate with motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2789-2797. [PMID: 34592557 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to discriminate the dynamic synchronization states from the subthalamic local field potentials and investigate their correlations with the motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). METHODS The resting-state local field potentials of 10 patients with PD were recorded from the subthalamic nucleus. The dynamic neural states of multiple oscillations were discriminated and analyzed. The Spearman correlation was used to investigate the correlations between occurrence rate or duration of dynamic neural states and the severity of motor symptoms. RESULTS The proportion of long low-beta and theta synchronized state was significantly correlated with the general motor symptom and tremor, respectively. The duration of combined low/high-beta state was significantly correlated with rigidity, and the duration of combined alpha/high-beta state was significantly correlated with bradykinesia. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that motor symptoms are associated with the neural states coded with multiple oscillations in PD. SIGNIFICANCE This study may advance the understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of the motor symptoms and provide potential biomarkers for closed-loop deep brain stimulation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Nie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichun Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Geng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander L Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tipu Z Aziz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Magnusson JL, Leventhal DK. Revisiting the "Paradox of Stereotaxic Surgery": Insights Into Basal Ganglia-Thalamic Interactions. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:725876. [PMID: 34512279 PMCID: PMC8429495 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.725876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia dysfunction is implicated in movement disorders including Parkinson Disease, dystonia, and choreiform disorders. Contradicting standard "rate models" of basal ganglia-thalamic interactions, internal pallidotomy improves both hypo- and hyper-kinetic movement disorders. This "paradox of stereotaxic surgery" was recognized shortly after rate models were developed, and is underscored by the outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. Despite strong evidence that DBS activates local axons, the clinical effects of lesions and DBS are nearly identical. These observations argue against standard models in which GABAergic basal ganglia output gates thalamic activity, and raise the question of how lesions and stimulation can have similar effects. These paradoxes may be resolved by considering thalamocortical loops as primary drivers of motor output. Rather than suppressing or releasing cortex via motor thalamus, the basal ganglia may modulate the timing of thalamic perturbations to cortical activity. Motor cortex exhibits rotational dynamics during movement, allowing the same thalamocortical perturbation to affect motor output differently depending on its timing with respect to the rotational cycle. We review classic and recent studies of basal ganglia, thalamic, and cortical physiology to propose a revised model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical function with implications for basic physiology and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel K Leventhal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Parkinson Disease Foundation Research Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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22
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Connectivity of EEG synchronization networks increases for Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1017. [PMID: 34462540 PMCID: PMC8405655 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FoG), a paroxysmal gait disturbance commonly experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), is characterized by sudden episodes of inability to generate effective forward stepping. Recent studies have shown an increase in beta frequency of local-field potentials in the basal-ganglia during FoG, however, comprehensive research on the synchronization between different brain locations and frequency bands in PD patients is scarce. Here, by developing tools based on network science and non-linear dynamics, we analyze synchronization networks of electroencephalography (EEG) brain waves of three PD patient groups with different FoG severity. We find higher EEG amplitude synchronization (stronger network links) between different brain locations as PD and FoG severity increase. These results are consistent across frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, gamma) and independent of the specific motor task (walking, still standing, hand tapping) suggesting that an increase in severity of PD and FoG is associated with stronger EEG networks over a broad range of brain frequencies. This observation of a direct relationship of PD/FoG severity with overall EEG synchronization together with our proposed EEG synchronization network approach may be used for evaluating FoG propensity and help to gain further insight into PD and the pathophysiology leading to FoG.
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23
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Sobesky L, Goede L, Odekerken VJJ, Wang Q, Li N, Neudorfer C, Rajamani N, Al-Fatly B, Reich M, Volkmann J, de Bie RMA, Kühn AA, Horn A. Subthalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation: are we modulating the same network? Brain 2021; 145:251-262. [PMID: 34453827 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum are main target sites for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Multiple trials that investigated subthalamic versus pallidal stimulation were unable to settle on a definitive optimal target between the two. One reason could be that the effect is mediated via a common functional network. To test this hypothesis, we calculated connectivity profiles seeding from deep brain stimulation electrodes in 94 patients that underwent subthalamic and 28 patients with pallidal treatment based on a normative connectome atlas calculated from 1,000 healthy subjects. In each cohort, we calculated connectivity profiles that were associated with optimal clinical improvements. The two maps showed striking similarity and were able to cross-predict outcomes in the respective other cohort (R = 0.37 at p < 0.001; R = 0.34 at p = 0.032). Next, we calculated an agreement map which retained regions common to both target sites. Crucially, this map was able to explain an additional amount of variance in clinical improvements of either cohort when compared to the maps calculated on the two cohorts alone. Finally, we tested profiles and predictive utility of connectivity maps calculated from different motor symptom subscores with a specific focus on bradykinesia and rigidity. While our study is based on retrospective data and indirect connectivity metrics, it may deliver empirical data to support the hypothesis of a largely overlapping network associated with effective deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease irrespective of the specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Sobesky
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Lukas Goede
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Vincent J J Odekerken
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Wang
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ningfei Li
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Bassam Al-Fatly
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Martin Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rob M A de Bie
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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24
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Guang J, Baker H, Ben-Yishay Nizri O, Firman S, Werner-Reiss U, Kapuller V, Israel Z, Bergman H. Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:67. [PMID: 34341348 PMCID: PMC8329235 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson's disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guang
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Halen Baker
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Shimon Firman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Management, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Werner-Reiss
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vadim Kapuller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Asuta-Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Mechanisms of Antiparkinsonian Anticholinergic Therapy Revisited. Neuroscience 2021; 467:201-217. [PMID: 34048797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Before the advent of L-DOPA, the gold standard symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic receptor antagonists) were the preferred antiparkinsonian therapy, but their unwanted side effects associated with impaired extrastriatal cholinergic function limited their clinical utility. Since most patients treated with L-DOPA also develop unwanted side effects such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), better therapies are needed. Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCIN), the main source of striatal acetylcholine, modulate parkinsonism and LID, suggesting that restoring SCIN function might serve as a therapeutic option that avoids extrastriatal anticholinergics' side effects. However, it is still unclear how the altered SCIN activity in PD and LID affects the striatal circuit, whereas the mechanisms of action of anticholinergic drugs are still not fully understood. Recent animal model studies showing that SCINs undergo profound changes in their tonic discharge pattern after chronic L-DOPA administration call for a reexamination of classical views of how SCINs contribute to PD symptoms and LID. Here, we review the recent advances on the circuit implications of aberrant striatal cholinergic signaling in PD and LID in an effort to provide a comprehensive framework to understand the effects of anticholinergic drugs and with the aim of shedding light into future perspectives of cholinergic circuit-based therapies.
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26
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Fischer P. Mechanisms of Network Interactions for Flexible Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Mediated Action Control. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0009-21.2021. [PMID: 33883192 PMCID: PMC8205496 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0009-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, finely tuned γ synchronization (60-90 Hz) rapidly appears at movement onset in a motor control network involving primary motor cortex, the basal ganglia and motor thalamus. Yet the functional consequences of brief movement-related synchronization are still unclear. Distinct synchronization phenomena have also been linked to different forms of motor inhibition, including relaxing antagonist muscles, rapid movement interruption and stabilizing network dynamics for sustained contractions. Here, I will introduce detailed hypotheses about how intrasite and intersite synchronization could interact with firing rate changes in different parts of the network to enable flexible action control. The here proposed cause-and-effect relationships shine a spotlight on potential key mechanisms of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) communication. Confirming or revising these hypotheses will be critical in understanding the neuronal basis of flexible movement initiation, invigoration and inhibition. Ultimately, the study of more complex cognitive phenomena will also become more tractable once we understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioral readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fischer
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Dong J, Hawes S, Wu J, Le W, Cai H. Connectivity and Functionality of the Globus Pallidus Externa Under Normal Conditions and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:645287. [PMID: 33737869 PMCID: PMC7960779 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.645287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The globus pallidus externa (GPe) functions as a central hub in the basal ganglia for processing motor and non-motor information through the creation of complex connections with the other basal ganglia nuclei and brain regions. Recently, with the adoption of sophisticated genetic tools, substantial advances have been made in understanding the distinct molecular, anatomical, electrophysiological, and functional properties of GPe neurons and non-neuronal cells. Impairments in dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder that severely affects the patients' life quality. Altered GPe neuron activity and synaptic connections have also been found in both PD patients and pre-clinical models. In this review, we will summarize the main findings on the composition, connectivity and functionality of different GPe cell populations and the potential GPe-related mechanisms of PD symptoms to better understand the cell type and circuit-specific roles of GPe in both normal and PD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Hawes
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Junbing Wu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases & Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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The geometry of neuronal representations during rule learning reveals complementary roles of cingulate cortex and putamen. Neuron 2021; 109:839-851.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Deffains M, Canron MH, Teil M, Li Q, Dehay B, Bezard E, Fernagut PO. L-DOPA regulates α-synuclein accumulation in experimental parkinsonism. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:532-543. [PMID: 33275784 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Widespread accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein aggregates is a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the pattern and extent of α-synuclein accumulation through PD brains is known, the impact of chronic dopamine-replacement therapy (the gold-standard pharmacological treatment of PD) on the fate of α-synuclein is still unknown. Here, we investigated the distribution and accumulation of α-synuclein in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) non-human primate model of PD and determined the effect of chronic L-DOPA treatment on MPTP-induced α-synuclein pathology. METHODS We measured the density of α-synuclein and tau immuno-positive neurons in the substantia nigra, putamen, hippocampal CA1 region, temporal cortex and dentate nucleus of control, MPTP and MPTP+L-DOPA-treated monkeys. Moreover, we also extracted and quantified Triton-X (TX) soluble and insoluble α-synuclein in putamen and hippocampus samples from a separate cohort of control, MPTP and MPTP+L-DOPA-treated monkeys. RESULTS MPTP-induced α-synuclein accumulation in NHP model of PD was not limited to the substantia nigra but also occurred in the putamen, hippocampal CA1 region and temporal cortex. Tau was increased only in the temporal cortex. Moreover, increased intraneuronal TX insoluble α-synuclein was truncated, but not in the structural form of Lewy bodies. The MPTP-induced increase in α-synuclein levels was abolished in animals having received L-DOPA in all the brain regions, except in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine replacement therapy can dramatically ameliorate α-synuclein pathology in the MPTP NHP model of PD. Therefore, patient's dopaminergic medication should be systematically considered when assessing α-synuclein as a biomarker for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and response to disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Deffains
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Margaux Teil
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Qin Li
- Motac Neuroscience, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Motac Neuroscience, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, INSERM UMR_S 1084, Poitiers, France
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30
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Subthalamic beta oscillations correlate with dopaminergic degeneration in experimental parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113513. [PMID: 33148526 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive beta activity has been shown in local field potential recordings from the cortico-basal ganglia loop of Parkinson's disease patients and in its various animal models. Recent evidence suggests that enhanced beta oscillations may play a central role in the pathophysiology of the disorder and that beta activity may be directly linked to the motor impairment. However, the temporal evolution of exaggerated beta oscillations during the ongoing dopaminergic neurodegeneration and its relation to the motor impairment and histological changes are still unknown. We investigated motor behavioral, in-vivo electrophysiological (subthalamic nucleus, motor cortex) and histological changes (striatum, substantia nigra compacta) 2, 5, 10 and 20-30 days after a 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the medial forebrain bundle in Wistar rats. We found strong correlations between subthalamic beta power and motor impairment. No correlation was found for beta power in the primary motor cortex. Only subthalamic but not cortical beta power was strongly correlated with the histological markers of the dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Significantly increased subthalamic beta oscillations could be detected before this increase was found in primary motor cortex. At the latest observation time point, a significantly higher percentage of long beta bursts was found. Our study is the first to show a strong relation between subthalamic beta power and the dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Thus, we provide additional evidence for an important pathophysiological role of subthalamic beta oscillations and prolonged beta bursts in Parkinson's disease.
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31
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Baaske MK, Kormann E, Holt AB, Gulberti A, McNamara CG, Pötter-Nerger M, Westphal M, Engel AK, Hamel W, Brown P, Moll CKE, Sharott A. Parkinson's disease uncovers an underlying sensitivity of subthalamic nucleus neurons to beta-frequency cortical input in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105119. [PMID: 32991998 PMCID: PMC7710979 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally sustained beta-frequency synchronisation between the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is currently unclear whether STN neurons have a preference for beta-frequency input (12-35 Hz), rather than cortical input at other frequencies, and how such a preference would arise following dopamine depletion. To address this question, we combined analysis of cortical and STN recordings from awake human PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery with recordings of identified STN neurons in anaesthetised rats. In these patients, we demonstrate that a subset of putative STN neurons is strongly and selectively sensitive to magnitude fluctuations of cortical beta oscillations over time, linearly increasing their phase-locking strength with respect to the full range of instantaneous amplitude in the beta-frequency range. In rats, we probed the frequency response of STN neurons in the cortico-basal-ganglia-network more precisely, by recording spikes evoked by short bursts of cortical stimulation with variable frequency (4-40 Hz) and constant amplitude. In both healthy and dopamine-depleted rats, only beta-frequency stimulation led to a progressive reduction in the variability of spike timing through the stimulation train. This suggests, that the interval of beta-frequency input provides an optimal window for eliciting the next spike with high fidelity. We hypothesize, that abnormal activation of the indirect pathway, via dopamine depletion and/or cortical stimulation, could trigger an underlying sensitivity of the STN microcircuit to beta-frequency input. STN-neurons are selectively entrained to cortical beta oscillations in PD patients. Phase-locking of STN-neurons is linearly dependent on oscillation magnitude. Beta bursts in LFP/EEG are accompanied by transient synchronisation of STN spiking. STN neurons are selectively entrained to cortical beta stimulation in rats. Beta-selectivity of STN neurons is present in control and dopamine-depleted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Baaske
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eszter Kormann
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Abbey B Holt
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Colin G McNamara
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brown
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
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32
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Eight cylindrical contact lead recordings in the subthalamic region localize beta oscillations source to the dorsal STN. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105090. [PMID: 32977021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has prominent oscillatory activity in the beta band, which may be related to the motor symptoms severity. Local field potential (LFP) studies using standard four-contact deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads indicate that the source of beta activity in the STN region is the dorsolateral segment of the nucleus. However, these leads have few contacts outside of the STN, making the source localization of beta activity around the STN region uncertain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of the STN and the surrounding area in PD to better locate the source of these oscillations and their clinical relevance. METHODS Eight PD patients were bilaterally implanted in the STN with the eight ring-contact DBS lead (Boston Scientific Corporation). LFPs were recorded intra-operatively from each DBS contact in the off medication state at rest. Each contact location was normalized relative to the STN borders based on microelectrode recordings. For each recording, power spectral density was computed, averaged over multiple frequency bands and phase reversal analysis was used to localize the source of oscillatory activity. Beta burst, high-frequency activity (HFA), and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) were also computed. Neurophysiological signatures were correlated with hemibody symptoms severity and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Beta band power and phase reversal localized the beta oscillator to the dorsal STN and correlated with pre-operative off medication hemibody bradykinesia and rigidity score. The contact along the electrode with the largest beta oscillatory power co-localized with the independently chosen optimized contact used for long-term chronic DBS. Lastly, beta bursting, HFA, and Beta-HFA PAC co-localized with the beta oscillator at the dorsal STN, and Beta-HFA PAC correlated with DBS effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that the primary source of beta oscillations is located in dorsal STN, and argue against the alternative hypothesis that beta activity in the STN region arises from volume conduction from other sources. We demonstrate intrinsic STN beta-HFA PAC as an independent marker of DBS effect.
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33
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Singh A, Papa SM. Striatal Oscillations in Parkinsonian Non-Human Primates. Neuroscience 2020; 449:116-122. [PMID: 32905842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with abnormal oscillatory activity in the cortico-basal ganglia network. However, the oscillatory pattern of striatal neurons in PD remains poorly defined. Here, we analyzed the local field potentials in one untreated and five MPTP-treated non-human primates (NHP) with chronic, advanced parkinsonism. Oscillatory activities in the alpha (8-13 Hz) and low-beta (13-20 Hz) frequency bands were found in the striatum similarly to the motor cortex and globus pallidus of the NHP model of PD. Both alpha and low-beta frequency band oscillations of the striatum were highly coherent with the cortical and pallidal oscillations, confirming the presence of abnormal 8-20 Hz oscillatory activity in the cortico-basal ganglia network in parkinsonian NHPs. The reversal of parkinsonism induced by acute levodopa administration was associated with reduced 8-20 Hz oscillations in the striatum. These findings indicate that pathological oscillations at alpha and low-beta bands are also present in the striatum concordant with basal ganglia network changes in the primate model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States.
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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34
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Valsky D, Heiman Grosberg S, Israel Z, Boraud T, Bergman H, Deffains M. What is the true discharge rate and pattern of the striatal projection neurons in Parkinson's disease and Dystonia? eLife 2020; 9:e57445. [PMID: 32812870 PMCID: PMC7462612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and striatal dysfunctions play a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dystonia, but our understanding of the changes in the discharge rate and pattern of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) remains limited. Here, we recorded and examined multi-unit signals from the striatum of PD and dystonic patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgeries. Contrary to earlier human findings, we found no drastic changes in the spontaneous discharge of the well-isolated and stationary SPNs of the PD patients compared to the dystonic patients or to the normal levels of striatal activity reported in healthy animals. Moreover, cluster analysis using SPN discharge properties did not characterize two well-separated SPN subpopulations, indicating no SPN subpopulation-specific (D1 or D2 SPNs) discharge alterations in the pathological state. Our results imply that small to moderate changes in spontaneous SPN discharge related to PD and Dystonia are likely amplified by basal ganglia downstream structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Valsky
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shai Heiman Grosberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Thomas Boraud
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, IMN CliniqueBordeauxFrance
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Marc Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
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Basal ganglia beta oscillations during sleep underlie Parkinsonian insomnia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17359-17368. [PMID: 32636265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001560117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are among the most debilitating comorbidities of Parkinson's disease (PD) and affect the majority of patients. Of these, the most common is insomnia, the difficulty to initiate and maintain sleep. The degree of insomnia correlates with PD severity and it responds to treatments that decrease pathological basal ganglia (BG) beta oscillations (10-17 Hz in primates), suggesting that beta activity in the BG may contribute to insomnia. We used multiple electrodes to record BG spiking and field potentials during normal sleep and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism in nonhuman primates. MPTP intoxication resulted in severe insomnia with delayed sleep onset, sleep fragmentation, and increased wakefulness. Insomnia was accompanied by the onset of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep beta oscillations that were synchronized across the BG and cerebral cortex. The BG beta oscillatory activity was associated with a decrease in slow oscillations (0.1-2 Hz) throughout the cortex, and spontaneous awakenings were preceded by an increase in BG beta activity and cortico-BG beta coherence. Finally, the increase in beta oscillations in the basal ganglia during sleep paralleled decreased NREM sleep, increased wakefulness, and more frequent awakenings. These results identify NREM sleep beta oscillation in the BG as a neural correlate of PD insomnia and suggest a mechanism by which this disorder could emerge.
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36
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Khawaldeh S, Tinkhauser G, Shah SA, Peterman K, Debove I, Nguyen TAK, Nowacki A, Lachenmayer ML, Schuepbach M, Pollo C, Krack P, Woolrich M, Brown P. Subthalamic nucleus activity dynamics and limb movement prediction in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2020; 143:582-596. [PMID: 32040563 PMCID: PMC7009471 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst exaggerated bursts of beta frequency band oscillatory synchronization in the subthalamic nucleus have been associated with motor impairment in Parkinson's disease, a plausible mechanism linking the two phenomena has been lacking. Here we test the hypothesis that increased synchronization denoted by beta bursting might compromise information coding capacity in basal ganglia networks. To this end we recorded local field potential activity in the subthalamic nucleus of 18 patients with Parkinson's disease as they executed cued upper and lower limb movements. We used the accuracy of local field potential-based classification of the limb to be moved on each trial as an index of the information held by the system with respect to intended action. Machine learning using the naïve Bayes conditional probability model was used for classification. Local field potential dynamics allowed accurate prediction of intended movements well ahead of their execution, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.80 ± 0.04 before imperative cues when the demanded action was known ahead of time. The presence of bursts of local field potential activity in the alpha, and even more so, in the beta frequency band significantly compromised the prediction of the limb to be moved. We conclude that low frequency bursts, particularly those in the beta band, restrict the capacity of the basal ganglia system to encode physiologically relevant information about intended actions. The current findings are also important as they suggest that local subthalamic activity may potentially be decoded to enable effector selection, in addition to force control in restorative brain-machine interface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saed Khawaldeh
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gerd Tinkhauser
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Syed Ahmar Shah
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katrin Peterman
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Debove
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - T A Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nowacki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Lenard Lachenmayer
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schuepbach
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pollo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Woolrich
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Brown
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Asch N, Herschman Y, Maoz R, Auerbach-Asch CR, Valsky D, Abu-Snineh M, Arkadir D, Linetsky E, Eitan R, Marmor O, Bergman H, Israel Z. Independently together: subthalamic theta and beta opposite roles in predicting Parkinson's tremor. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa074. [PMID: 33585815 PMCID: PMC7869429 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremor is a core feature of Parkinson’s disease and the most easily recognized Parkinsonian sign. Nonetheless, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we show that multispectral spiking activity in the posterior-dorso-lateral oscillatory (motor) region of the subthalamic nucleus distinguishes resting tremor from the other Parkinsonian motor signs and strongly correlates with its severity. We evaluated microelectrode-spiking activity from the subthalamic dorsolateral oscillatory region of 70 Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent deep brain stimulation surgery (114 subthalamic nuclei, 166 electrode trajectories). We then investigated the relationship between patients’ clinical Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale score and their peak theta (4–7 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) powers. We found a positive correlation between resting tremor and theta activity (r = 0.41, P < 0.01) and a non-significant negative correlation with beta activity (r = −0.2, P = 0.5). Hypothesizing that the two neuronal frequencies mask each other’s relationship with resting tremor, we created a non-linear model of their proportional spectral powers and investigated its relationship with resting tremor. As hypothesized, patients’ proportional scores correlated better than either theta or beta alone (r = 0.54, P < 0.001). However, theta and beta oscillations were frequently temporally correlated (38/70 patients manifested significant positive temporal correlations and 1/70 exhibited significant negative correlation between the two frequency bands). When comparing theta and beta temporal relationship (r θ β) to patients’ resting tremor scores, we found a significant negative correlation between the two (r = −0.38, P < 0.01). Patients manifesting a positive correlation between the two bands (i.e. theta and beta were likely to appear simultaneously) were found to have lower resting tremor scores than those with near-zero correlation values (i.e. theta and beta were likely to appear separately). We therefore created a new model incorporating patients’ proportional theta–beta power and r θ βscores to obtain an improved neural correlate of resting tremor (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). We then used the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria for model selection and found the multispectral model, incorporating theta–beta proportional power and their correlation, to be the best fitting model, with 0.96 and 0.89 probabilities, respectively. Here we found that as theta increases, beta decreases and the two appear separately—resting tremor is worsened. Our results therefore show that theta and beta convey information about resting tremor in opposite ways. Furthermore, the finding that theta and beta coactivity is negatively correlated with resting tremor suggests that theta–beta non-linear scale may be a valuable biomarker for Parkinson’s resting tremor in future adaptive deep brain stimulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Asch
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehuda Herschman
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Maoz
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmel R Auerbach-Asch
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Valsky
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eduard Linetsky
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Renana Eitan
- Research and Training Unit, Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Kfar Shaul Eitanim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Odeya Marmor
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kovaleski RF, Callahan JW, Chazalon M, Wokosin DL, Baufreton J, Bevan MD. Dysregulation of external globus pallidus-subthalamic nucleus network dynamics in parkinsonian mice during cortical slow-wave activity and activation. J Physiol 2020; 598:1897-1927. [PMID: 32112413 DOI: 10.1113/jp279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Using cell class-specific optogenetic identification and inhibition during cortical slow-wave activity and activation, we report that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) D2 dopamine receptor expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs) discharge at higher rates, especially during cortical activation, (2) prototypic parvalbumin-expressing GPe neurons are excessively patterned by D2-SPNs even though their autonomous activity is upregulated, (3) despite being disinhibited, STN neurons are not hyperactive, and (4) STN activity opposes striatopallidal patterning. These data argue that in parkinsonian mice abnormal, temporally offset prototypic GPe and STN neuron firing results in part from increased striatopallidal transmission and that compensatory plasticity limits STN hyperactivity and cortical entrainment. ABSTRACT Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key, centrally positioned network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Following the loss of dopamine, the activities of GPe and STN neurons become more temporally offset and strongly correlated with cortical oscillations below 40 Hz. Previous studies utilized cortical slow-wave activity and/or cortical activation (ACT) under anaesthesia to probe the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological patterning of basal ganglia activity. Here, we combined this approach with in vivo optogenetic inhibition to identify and interrupt the activity of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs), parvalbumin-expressing prototypic GPe (PV GPe) neurons, and STN neurons. We found that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) the firing rate of D2-SPNs was elevated, especially during cortical ACT, (2) abnormal phasic suppression of PV GPe neuron activity was ameliorated by optogenetic inhibition of coincident D2-SPN activity, (3) autonomous PV GPe neuron firing ex vivo was upregulated, presumably through homeostatic mechanisms, (4) STN neurons were not hyperactive, despite being disinhibited, (5) optogenetic inhibition of the STN exacerbated abnormal GPe activity, and (6) exaggerated beta band activity was not present in the cortex or GPe-STN network. Together with recent studies, these data suggest that in dopamine-depleted mice abnormally correlated and temporally offset PV GPe and STN neuron activity is generated in part by elevated striatopallidal transmission, while compensatory plasticity prevents STN hyperactivity and limits cortical entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Kovaleski
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua W Callahan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Mark D Bevan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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The globus pallidus orchestrates abnormal network dynamics in a model of Parkinsonism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1570. [PMID: 32218441 PMCID: PMC7099038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamical properties of cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits are dramatically altered following the loss of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neural circuit dysfunctions associated with PD include spike-rate alteration concomitant with excessive oscillatory spike-synchronization in the beta frequency range (12–30 Hz). Which neuronal circuits orchestrate and propagate these abnormal neural dynamics in CBG remains unknown. In this work, we combine in vivo electrophysiological recordings with advanced optogenetic manipulations in normal and 6-OHDA rats to shed light on the mechanistic principle underlying circuit dysfunction in PD. Our results show that abnormal neural dynamics present in a rat model of PD do not rely on cortical or subthalamic nucleus activity but critically dependent on globus pallidus (GP) integrity. Our findings highlight the pivotal role played by the GP which operates as a hub nucleus capable of orchestrating firing rate and synchronization changes across CBG circuits both in normal and pathological conditions. Oscillatory changes between basal ganglia nuclei occur in Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors determine that the globus pallidus is the source of beta oscillation generation in a rodent model of the disease.
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40
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Marmor O, Rappel P, Valsky D, Bick AS, Arkadir D, Linetsky E, Peled O, Tamir I, Bergman H, Israel Z, Eitan R. Movement context modulates neuronal activity in motor and limbic-associative domains of the human parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 136:104716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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41
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Baaske MK, Kramer ER, Meka DP, Engler G, Engel AK, Moll CKE. Parkin deficiency perturbs striatal circuit dynamics. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104737. [PMID: 31923460 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the parkin-encoding PARK2 gene are a frequent cause of young-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin knockout mice have no nigro-striatal neuronal loss but exhibit abnormalities of striatal dopamine transmission and cortico-striatal synaptic function. How these predegenerative changes observed in vitro affect neural dynamics at the intact circuit level, however, remains hitherto elusive. Here, we recorded from motor cortex, striatum and globus pallidus (GP) of anesthetized parkin-deficient mice to assess cortex-basal ganglia circuit dynamics and to dissect cell type-specific functional connectivity in the presymptomatic phase of genetic PD. While ongoing activity of presumed striatal spiny projection neurons and their downstream counterparts in the GP was not different from controls, parkin deficiency had a differential impact on striatal interneurons: In parkin-mutant mice, tonically active neurons displayed elevated activity levels. Baseline firing rates of transgenic striatal fast spiking interneurons (FSI), on the contrary, were reduced and the correlational structure of the FSI microcircuitry was disrupted. The entire transgenic striatal microcircuit showed enhanced and phase-shifted phase coupling to slow (1-3 Hz) cortical population oscillations. Unexpectedly, local field potentials recorded from striatum and GP of parkin-mutant mice robustly displayed amplified beta oscillations (~22 Hz), phase-coupled to cortex. Parkin deficiency selectively increased spike-field coupling of FSIs to beta oscillations. Our findings suggest that loss of parkin function leads to amplifications of synchronized cortico-striatal oscillations and an intrastriatal reconfiguration of interneuronal circuits. This presymptomatic disarrangement of dynamic functional connectivity may precede nigro-striatal neurodegeneration and predispose to imbalance of striatal outflow accompanying symptomatic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Baaske
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Edgar R Kramer
- Center of Molecular Neurobiology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | | | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Valsky D, Blackwell KT, Tamir I, Eitan R, Bergman H, Israel Z. Real-time machine learning classification of pallidal borders during deep brain stimulation surgery. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:016021. [PMID: 31675740 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab53ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) in patients with Parkinson's disease and dystonia improves motor symptoms and quality of life. Traditionally, pallidal borders have been demarcated by electrophysiological microelectrode recordings (MERs) during DBS surgery. However, detection of pallidal borders can be challenging due to the variability of the firing characteristics of neurons encountered along the trajectory. MER can also be time-consuming and therefore costly. Here we show the feasibility of real-time machine learning classification of striato-pallidal borders to assist neurosurgeons during DBS surgery. APPROACH An electrophysiological dataset from 116 trajectories of 42 patients consisting of 11 774 MER segments of background spiking activity in five classes of disease was used to train the classification algorithm. The five classes included awake Parkinson's disease patients, as well as awake and lightly anesthetized genetic and non-genetic dystonia patients. A machine learning algorithm was designed to provide prediction of the striato-pallidal borders, based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) and the L1-distance measure in normalized root mean square (NRMS) and power spectra of the MER. We tested its performance prospectively against the judgment of three electrophysiologists in the operating rooms of three hospitals using newly collected data. MAIN RESULTS The awake and the light anesthesia dystonia classes could be merged. Using MER NRMS and spectra, the machine learning algorithm was on par with the performance of the three electrophysiologists across the striatum-GPe, GPe-GPi, and GPi-exit transitions for all disease classes. SIGNIFICANCE Machine learning algorithms enable real-time GPi navigation systems to potentially shorten the duration of electrophysiological mapping of pallidal borders, while ensuring correct pallidal border detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Valsky
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Research (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Ryan MB, Bair-Marshall C, Nelson AB. Aberrant Striatal Activity in Parkinsonism and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3438-3446.e5. [PMID: 29924988 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Action selection relies on the coordinated activity of striatal direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively). Loss of dopamine in Parkinson's disease is thought to disrupt this balance. While dopamine replacement with levodopa may restore normal function, the development of involuntary movements (levodopa-induced dyskinesia [LID]) limits therapy. How chronic dopamine loss and replacement with levodopa modulate the firing of identified MSNs in behaving animals is unknown. Using optogenetically labeled striatal single-unit recordings, we assess circuit dysfunction in parkinsonism and LID. Counter to current models, we found that following dopamine depletion, iMSN firing was elevated only during periods of immobility, while dMSN firing was dramatically and persistently reduced. Most notably, we identified a subpopulation of dMSNs with abnormally high levodopa-evoked firing rates, which correlated specifically with dyskinesia. These findings provide key insights into the circuit mechanisms underlying parkinsonism and LID, with implications for developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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44
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Lee K, Masmanidis SC. Aberrant features of in vivo striatal dynamics in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1678-1688. [PMID: 31502290 PMCID: PMC6801089 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The striatum plays an important role in learning, selecting, and executing actions. As a major input hub of the basal ganglia, it receives and processes a diverse array of signals related to sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Aberrant neural activity in this area is implicated in a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is therefore important to understand the hallmarks of disrupted striatal signal processing. This review surveys literature examining how in vivo striatal microcircuit dynamics are impacted in animal models of one of the most widely studied movement disorders, Parkinson's disease. The review identifies four major features of aberrant striatal dynamics: altered relative levels of direct and indirect pathway activity, impaired information processing by projection neurons, altered information processing by interneurons, and increased synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sotiris C. Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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45
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McGregor MM, Nelson AB. Circuit Mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease. Neuron 2019; 101:1042-1056. [PMID: 30897356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multi-system neurodegenerative disorder. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, it affects approximately 1% of adults over age 60. Diagnosis follows the development of one or more of the core motor features of the disease, including tremor, slowing of movement (bradykinesia), and rigidity. However, there are numerous other motor and nonmotor disease manifestations. Many PD symptoms result directly from neurodegeneration; others are driven by aberrant activity patterns in surviving neurons. This latter phenomenon, PD circuit dysfunction, is an area of intense study, as it likely underlies our ability to treat many disease symptoms in the face of (currently) irreversible neurodegeneration. This Review will discuss key clinical features of PD and their basis in neural circuit dysfunction. We will first review important disease symptoms and some of the responsible neuropathology. We will then describe the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, the major locus of PD-related circuit dysfunction, and some of the models that have influenced its study. We will review PD-related changes in network activity, subdividing findings into those that touch on the rate, rhythm, or synchronization of neurons. Finally, we suggest some critical remaining questions for the field and areas for new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M McGregor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Cellular and Synaptic Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Stepping out of the Striatum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091005. [PMID: 31470672 PMCID: PMC6769933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This degeneration causes cellular and synaptic dysfunctions in the BG network, which are responsible for the appearance of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine (DA) modulation and the consequences of its loss on the striatal microcircuit have been extensively studied, and because of the discrete nature of DA innervation of other BG nuclei, its action outside the striatum has been considered negligible. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting functional extrastriatal DA modulation of both cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, the functional relevance of DA modulation outside the striatum in both normal and pathological conditions will be discussed.
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Pelzer EA, Melzer C, Schönberger A, Hess M, Timmermann L, Eggers C, Tittgemeyer M. Axonal degeneration in Parkinson's disease - Basal ganglia circuitry and D2 receptor availability. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101906. [PMID: 31254937 PMCID: PMC6603438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia (BG) circuitry plays a crucial role in the control of movement. Degeneration of its pathways and imbalance of dopaminergic signalling goes along with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In this study, we explore the interaction of degeneration in two BG pathways (the nigro-striatal and dentato-pallidal pathway) with D2 receptor signalling to elucidate an association to motor impairment and medication response. Included in the study were 24 parkinsonian patients [male, 62 years (± 9.3 SD)] compared to 24 healthy controls [male, 63 years (± 10.2 SD)]; each participant passed through three phases of the study (i) acquisition of metadata/clinical testing, (ii) genotyping and (iii) anatomical/diffusion MRI. We report a decline in nigro-striatal (p < .003) and dentato-pallidal (p < .0001) connectivity in the patients compared to controls, which is associated with increasing motor impairment (relating to nigro-striatal, r = -0.48; p < .001 and dentato-pallidal connectivity, r = -0.36; p = .035). Given, that variations of the ANKK1 Taq1 (rs 1,800,497) allele alters dopamine D2-dependent responses, all participants were genotyped respectively. By grouping patients (and controls) according to their ANKK1 genotype, we demonstrate a link between D2 receptor signalling and decline in connectivity in both investigated pathways for the A1- variant (nigro-striatal pathway: r = -0.53; p = .012, dentato-pallidal pathway: r = -0.62; p = .0012). In patients with the A1+ variant, we only found increased brain connectivity in the dentato-pallidal pathway (r = 0.71; p = .001) correlating with increasing motor impairment, suggesting a potentially compensatory function of the cerebellum. Related to medication response carriers of the A1+ variant had a better drug effect associated with stronger brain connectivity in the nigro-striatal pathway (r = 0.54; p < .02); the A1- group had a good medication response although nigro-striatal connectivity was diminished (r = -0.38; p < .05); these results underscore differences in receptor availability between both groups in the nigro-striatal pathway. No effect onto medication response was found in the dentato-pallidal pathway (p > .05). Interplay between basal ganglia connectivity and D2 receptor availability influence the clinical presentation and medication response of parkinsonian patients. Furthermore, while current models of basal-ganglia function emphasize that balanced activity in the direct and indirect pathways is required for normal movement, our data highlight a role of the cerebellum in compensating for physiological imbalances in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Annegret Pelzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Corina Melzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schönberger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hess
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress and Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Wichmann T. Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1130-1143. [PMID: 31216379 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lofredi R, Tan H, Neumann WJ, Yeh CH, Schneider GH, Kühn AA, Brown P. Beta bursts during continuous movements accompany the velocity decrement in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:462-471. [PMID: 30898668 PMCID: PMC6520224 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinesia is reported to correlate with subthalamic beta power (13–35 Hz) recorded at rest in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pilot studies suggest adaptive deep brain stimulation triggered by amplitude threshold crossings of beta activity defined at rest is effective. This is puzzling, given that beta is suppressed during repetitive movements when bradykinesia becomes apparent. Recently, increased beta power in PD has been linked to beta bursts. Here we investigate whether beta bursts also occur during repetitive movements and relate to progressive decrement in movement velocity. Therefore, subthalamic local field potentials were recorded in 12 PD patients off medication while performing 30s blocks of rotatory movements alternating with rest periods. Bursts were defined separately for the low (13–20 Hz) and high (20–35 Hz) beta band using thresholds defined at rest. As expected, velocity significantly decreased within movement blocks. Despite the sustained suppression of both beta sub-bands, bursts could still be detected during movement. Beta bursts were reduced in amplitude, duration and rate during movement with beta rate correlating best with beta power. A mixed-effects linear model revealed that percentage time spent in beta bursts predicted velocity decreases better than averaged power. This correlation was specific for the low beta band. Our results link beta bursts during movement to bradykinesia. This helps explain how beta activity may contribute to bradykinetic movement decrement even though mean beta power is reduced during movement. Moreover, our findings help explain the effectiveness of adaptive DBS triggered off beta bursts, even though these may be defined with respect to beta levels at rest. Beta bursts as defined at rest occur during ongoing movements in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Movement associated beta power decrease involves a reduced rate and amplitude of beta bursts when compared to rest. Beta bursts during movement may contribute to the pathognomic decrease of velocity in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Lofredi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Huiling Tan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wolf-Julian Neumann
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chien-Hung Yeh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerd-Helge Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Brown
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Deffains M, Bergman H. Parkinsonism-related β oscillations in the primate basal ganglia networks – Recent advances and clinical implications. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 59:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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