1
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Erdoğan YC, Pilic J, Gottschalk B, Yiğit EN, Zaki AG, Öztürk G, Eroğlu E, Okutan B, Sommer NG, Weinberg AM, Schindl R, Graier WF, Malli R. Development of a Dual Reporter System to Simultaneously Visualize Ca 2+ Signals and AMPK Activity. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39167044 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a new separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase (SPARK) for AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), named AMPK-SPARK, which reports the AMPK activation by forming bright fluorescent clusters. Furthermore, we introduce a dual reporter system, named GCaMP-AMPK-SPARK, by incorporating a single-fluorescent protein (FP)-based Ca2+ biosensor, GCaMP6f, into our initial design, enabling simultaneous monitoring of Ca2+ levels and AMPK activity. This system offers the essential quality of information by single-channel fluorescence microscopy without the need for coexpression of different biosensors and elaborate filter layouts to overcome spectral limitations. We used AMPK-SPARK to map endogenous AMPK activity in different cell types and visualized the dynamics of AMPK activation in response to various stimuli. Using GCaMP-AMPK-SPARK, we revealed cell-to-cell heterogeneities in AMPK activation by Ca2+ mobilization. We anticipate that this dual reporter strategy can be employed to study the intricate interplays between different signaling networks and kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf C Erdoğan
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Esra N Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Asal G Zaki
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Emrah Eroğlu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Begüm Okutan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Nicole G Sommer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Annelie M Weinberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center for Medical Research, Bioimaging, Medial University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, Graz 8010, Austria
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2
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Singh S, Lathoria K, Umdor SB, Singh J, Suri V, Sen E. A gain of function mutation in AKT1 increases hexokinase 2 and diminishes oxidative stress in meningioma. Cytokine 2024; 176:156535. [PMID: 38325141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the oncogenic role of missense mutation (AKT1-E17K) of AKT1 gene in meningiomas. Upon investigating the connection between the pro-tumorigenic role of AKT1-E17K and cellular metabolic adaptations, elevated levels of glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) was observed in meningioma patients with AKT1-E17K compared to patients harboring wild-type AKT1. In vitro experiments also suggested higher HK2 levels and its activity in AKT1-E17K cells. Treatment with the conventional drug of choice AZD5363 (a pan AKT inhibitor) enhanced cell death and diminished HK2 levels in AKT1 mutants. Given the role of AKT phosphorylation in eliciting inflammatory responses, we observed increased levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL6, IL8, and TLR4) in AKT1-E17K cells compared to AKT1-WT cells. Treatment with AKT or HK2 inhibitors dampened the heightened levels of inflammatory markers in AKT1-E17K cells. As AKT and HK2 regulates redox homeostasis, diminished ROS generation concomitant with increased levels of NF-E2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were observed in AKT1-E17K cells. Increased sensitivity of AKT1-E17K cells to AZD5363 in the presence of HK2 inhibitor Lonidamine was reversed upon treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC. By affecting metabolism, inflammation, and redox homeostasis AKT1-E17K confers a survival advantage in meningioma cells. Our findings suggest that targeting AKT-HK2 cross-talk to induce ROS-dependent cell death could be exploited as novel therapeutic approach in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kirti Lathoria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Sonia B Umdor
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India.
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3
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Kembro JM, Flesia AG, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Takahashi JS, Nieto PS. Dietary restriction modulates ultradian rhythms and autocorrelation properties in mice behavior. Commun Biol 2024; 7:303. [PMID: 38461321 PMCID: PMC10925031 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior emerges from integration of many processes with different spatial and temporal scales. Dynamical behavioral patterns, including daily and ultradian rhythms and the dynamical microstructure of behavior (i.e., autocorrelations properties), can be differentially affected by external cues. Identifying these patterns is important for understanding how organisms adapt to their environment, yet unbiased methods to quantify dynamical changes over multiple temporal scales are lacking. Herein, we combine a wavelet approach with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to identify behavioral patterns and evaluate changes over 42-days in mice subjected to different dietary restriction paradigms. We show that feeding restriction alters dynamical patterns: not only are daily rhythms modulated but also the presence, phase and/or strength of ~12h-rhythms, as well as the nature of autocorrelation properties of feed-intake and wheel running behaviors. These results highlight the underlying complexity of behavioral architecture and offer insights into the multi-scale impact of feeding habits on physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Melissa Kembro
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA) and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ana Georgina Flesia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Matemática (CIEM, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Victoria América Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Paula Sofía Nieto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
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4
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Guo S, Zhang C, Zeng H, Xia Y, Weng C, Deng Y, Wang L, Wang H. Glycolysis maintains AMPK activation in sorafenib-induced Warburg effect. Mol Metab 2023; 77:101796. [PMID: 37696356 PMCID: PMC10550717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second deadly cancer in the world and still lacks curative treatment. Aerobic glycolysis, or Warburg effect, is a major resistance mechanism induced by first-line treatment of HCC, sorafenib, and is regulated by the master regulator of metabolism, AMPK. Activation of AMPK is required for resistance; however, activation dynamics of AMPK and its regulation is rarely studied. Engineering cells to express an AMPK activity biosensor, we monitor AMPK activation in single HCC cells in a high throughput manner during sorafenib-induced drug resistance. Sorafenib induces transient activation of AMPK, duration of which is dependent on glucose. Inhibiting glycolysis shortens AMPK activation; whereas increasing glycolysis increases its activation duration. Our data highlight that activation duration of AMPK is important for cancer evasion of therapeutic treatment and glycolysis is a key regulator of activation duration of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haiou Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Integrated Circuit, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yantao Xia
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chenghao Weng
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yichen Deng
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Integrated Circuit, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Lyons AC, Mehta S, Zhang J. Fluorescent biosensors illuminate the spatial regulation of cell signaling across scales. Biochem J 2023; 480:1693-1717. [PMID: 37903110 PMCID: PMC10657186 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
As cell signaling research has advanced, it has become clearer that signal transduction has complex spatiotemporal regulation that goes beyond foundational linear transduction models. Several technologies have enabled these discoveries, including fluorescent biosensors designed to report live biochemical signaling events. As genetically encoded and live-cell compatible tools, fluorescent biosensors are well suited to address diverse cell signaling questions across different spatial scales of regulation. In this review, methods of examining spatial signaling regulation and the design of fluorescent biosensors are introduced. Then, recent biosensor developments that illuminate the importance of spatial regulation in cell signaling are highlighted at several scales, including membranes and organelles, molecular assemblies, and cell/tissue heterogeneity. In closing, perspectives on how fluorescent biosensors will continue enhancing cell signaling research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Lyons
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
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6
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Sparta B, Kosaisawe N, Pargett M, Patankar M, DeCuzzi N, Albeck JG. Continuous sensing of nutrients and growth factors by the mTORC1-TFEB axis. eLife 2023; 12:e74903. [PMID: 37698461 PMCID: PMC10547473 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 senses nutrients and growth factors and phosphorylates downstream targets, including the transcription factor TFEB, to coordinate metabolic supply and demand. These functions position mTORC1 as a central controller of cellular homeostasis, but the behavior of this system in individual cells has not been well characterized. Here, we provide measurements necessary to refine quantitative models for mTORC1 as a metabolic controller. We developed a series of fluorescent protein-TFEB fusions and a multiplexed immunofluorescence approach to investigate how combinations of stimuli jointly regulate mTORC1 signaling at the single-cell level. Live imaging of individual MCF10A cells confirmed that mTORC1-TFEB signaling responds continuously to individual, sequential, or simultaneous treatment with amino acids and the growth factor insulin. Under physiologically relevant concentrations of amino acids, we observe correlated fluctuations in TFEB, AMPK, and AKT signaling that indicate continuous activity adjustments to nutrient availability. Using partial least squares regression modeling, we show that these continuous gradations are connected to protein synthesis rate via a distributed network of mTORC1 effectors, providing quantitative support for the qualitative model of mTORC1 as a homeostatic controller and clarifying its functional behavior within individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Sparta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Nont Kosaisawe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - John G Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
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7
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Wu Y, Walker JR, Westberg M, Ning L, Monje M, Kirkland TA, Lin MZ, Su Y. Kinase-Modulated Bioluminescent Indicators Enable Noninvasive Imaging of Drug Activity in the Brain. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:719-732. [PMID: 37122464 PMCID: PMC10141594 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant kinase activity contributes to the pathogenesis of brain cancers, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric diseases, but identifying kinase inhibitors that function in the brain is challenging. Drug levels in blood do not predict efficacy in the brain because the blood-brain barrier prevents entry of most compounds. Rather, assessing kinase inhibition in the brain requires tissue dissection and biochemical analysis, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Here, we report kinase-modulated bioluminescent indicators (KiMBIs) for noninvasive longitudinal imaging of drug activity in the brain based on a recently optimized luciferase-luciferin system. We develop an ERK KiMBI to report inhibitors of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, for which no bioluminescent indicators previously existed. ERK KiMBI discriminates between brain-penetrant and nonpenetrant MEK inhibitors, reveals blood-tumor barrier leakiness in xenograft models, and reports MEK inhibitor pharmacodynamics in native brain tissues and intracranial xenografts. Finally, we use ERK KiMBI to screen ERK inhibitors for brain efficacy, identifying temuterkib as a promising brain-active ERK inhibitor, a result not predicted from chemical characteristics alone. Thus, KiMBIs enable the rapid identification and pharmacodynamic characterization of kinase inhibitors suitable for treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega
Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Lin Ning
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega
Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Michael Z. Lin
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yichi Su
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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8
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Berg AL, Showalter MR, Kosaisawe N, Hu M, Stephens NC, Sa M, Heil H, Castro N, Chen JJ, VanderVorst K, Wheeler MR, Rabow Z, Cajka T, Albeck J, Fiehn O, Carraway KL. Cellular transformation promotes the incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid into the endolysosome-specific lipid bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 557:216090. [PMID: 36773796 PMCID: PMC10589064 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates (BMPs), a class of lipids highly enriched within endolysosomal organelles, are key components of the lysosomal intraluminal vesicles responsible for activating sphingolipid catabolic enzymes. While BMPs are understudied relative to other phospholipids, recent reports associate BMP dysregulation with a variety of pathological states including neurodegenerative diseases and lysosomal storage disorders. Since the dramatic lysosomal remodeling characteristic of cellular transformation could impact BMP abundance and function, we employed untargeted lipidomics approaches to identify and quantify BMP species in several in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer and comparative non-transformed cells and tissues. We observed lower BMP levels within transformed cells relative to normal cells, and consistent enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) fatty acyl chain-containing BMP species in both human- and mouse-derived mammary tumorigenesis models. Our functional analysis points to a working model whereby 22:6 BMPs serve as reactive oxygen species scavengers in tumor cells, protecting lysosomes from oxidant-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Our findings suggest that breast tumor cells might divert polyunsaturated fatty acids into BMP lipids as part of an adaptive response to protect their lysosomes from elevated reactive oxygen species levels, and raise the possibility that BMP-mediated lysosomal protection is a tumor-specific vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nont Kosaisawe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nathanial C Stephens
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Sa
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hailey Heil
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Noemi Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jenny J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Madelyn R Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14200, Czech Republic
| | - John Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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9
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Lasick KA, Jose E, Samayoa AM, Shanks L, Pond KW, Thorne CA, Paek AL. FOXO nuclear shuttling dynamics are stimulus-dependent and correspond with cell fate. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar21. [PMID: 36735481 PMCID: PMC10011729 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors are regulators of cellular homeostasis linked to increased lifespan and tumor suppression. FOXOs are activated by diverse cell stresses including serum starvation and oxidative stress. FOXO activity is regulated through posttranslational modifications that control shuttling of FOXO proteins to the nucleus. In the nucleus, FOXOs up-regulate genes in multiple, often conflicting pathways, including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. How cells control FOXO activity to ensure the proper response for a given stress is an open question. Using quantitative immunofluorescence and live-cell imaging, we found that the dynamics of FOXO nuclear shuttling is stimulus-dependent and corresponds with cell fate. H2O2 treatment leads to an all-or-none response where some cells show no nuclear FOXO accumulation, while other cells show a strong nuclear FOXO signal. The time that FOXO remains in the nucleus increases with the dose and is linked with cell death. In contrast, serum starvation causes low-amplitude pulses of nuclear FOXO and predominantly results in cell-cycle arrest. The accumulation of FOXO in the nucleus is linked with low AKT activity for both H2O2 and serum starvation. Our findings suggest the dynamics of FOXO nuclear shuttling is one way in which the FOXO pathway dictates different cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Lasick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Elizabeth Jose
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Allison M. Samayoa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
| | - Lisa Shanks
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Kelvin W. Pond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Curtis A. Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Andrew L. Paek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
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10
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Abstract
Ultradian rhythms in metabolism and physiology have been described previously in mammals. However, the underlying mechanisms for these rhythms are still elusive. Here, we report the discovery of temperature-sensitive ultradian rhythms in mammalian fibroblasts that are independent of both the cell cycle and the circadian clock. The period in each culture is stable over time but varies in different cultures (ranging from 3 to 24 h). We show that transient, single-cell metabolic pulses are synchronized into stable ultradian rhythms across contacting cells in culture by gap junction-mediated coupling. Coordinated rhythms are also apparent for other metabolic and physiological measures, including plasma membrane potential (Δψp), intracellular glutamine, α-ketoglutarate, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cytosolic pH, and intracellular calcium. Moreover, these ultradian rhythms require extracellular glutamine, several different ion channels, and the suppression of mitochondrial ATP synthase by α-ketoglutarate, which provides a key feedback mechanism. We hypothesize that cellular coupling and metabolic feedback can be used by cells to balance energy demands for survival.
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11
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Liu G, Li J, Wu C. Reciprocal regulation of actin filaments and cellular metabolism. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151281. [PMID: 36343493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For cells to adhere, migrate and proliferate, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is required. This process consumes a large amount of ATP while having an intimate connection with cellular metabolism. Signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis can also affect actin dynamics, whereas a variety of actin binding proteins directly or indirectly interact with the anabolic and catabolic regulators in cells. Here, we discuss the inter-regulation between actin filaments and cellular metabolism, reviewing recent discoveries on key metabolic enzymes that respond to actin remodeling as well as historical findings on metabolic stress-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. We also address emerging techniques that would benefit the study of cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular metabolism in high spatial-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyao Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Ye Z, Chen G, Hou C, Jiang Z, Wang E, Wang J. LMCD1 facilitates the induction of pluripotency via cell proliferation, metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1409-1422. [PMID: 35842772 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming was achieved by lentivirus mediated overexpression of four transcription factors called OSKM: OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC but it was not very efficient. Here, we reported that the transcription factor, LMCD1 (LIM and cysteine rich domains 1) together with OSKM can induce reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) more efficiently than OSKM alone. At the same time, the number of iPSCs clones were reduced when we knocked down LMCD1. Further study showed that LMCD1 can enhance the cell proliferation, the glycolytic capability, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and reduce the epigenetic barrier by upregulating epigenetic factors (EZH2, WDR5, BMI1, and KDM2B) in the early stage of reprogramming, making the cells more accessible to gain pluripotency. Additional research suggested that LMCD1 can not only inhibit the developmental gene GATA6, but also promote multiple signaling pathways, such as AKT and glycolysis, which are closely related to reprogramming efficiency. Therefore, we identified the novel function of the transcription factor LMCD1, which reduces the barriers of the reprogramming from somatic to pluripotent cells in several ways in the early stage of reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuicui Hou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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13
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Shaffer JM, Greenwald I. SALSA, a genetically encoded biosensor for spatiotemporal quantification of Notch signal transduction in vivo. Dev Cell 2022; 57:930-944.e6. [PMID: 35413239 PMCID: PMC9473748 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Notch-mediated lateral specification is a fundamental mechanism to resolve stochastic cell fate choices by amplifying initial differences between equivalent cells. To study how stochastic events impact Notch activity, we developed a biosensor, SALSA (sensor able to detect lateral signaling activity), consisting of an amplifying "switch"-Notch tagged with TEV protease-and a "reporter"-GFP fused to a nuclearly localized red fluorescent protein, separated by a TEVp cut site. When ligand activates Notch, TEVp enters the nucleus and releases GFP from its nuclear tether, allowing Notch activation to be quantified based on the changes in GFP subcellular localization. We show that SALSA accurately reports Notch activity in different signaling paradigms in Caenorhabditis elegans and use time-lapse imaging to test hypotheses about how stochastic elements ensure a reproducible and robust outcome in a canonical lin-12/Notch-mediated lateral signaling paradigm. SALSA should be generalizable to other experimental systems and be adaptable to increase options for bespoke "SynNotch" applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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14
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A multiplexed epitope barcoding strategy that enables dynamic cellular phenotypic screens. Cell Syst 2022; 13:376-387.e8. [PMID: 35316656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pooled genetic libraries have improved screening throughput for mapping genotypes to phenotypes. However, selectable phenotypes are limited, restricting screening to outcomes with a low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we integrated live-cell imaging with pooled library-based screening. To enable intracellular multiplexing, we developed a method called EPICode that uses a combination of short epitopes, which can also appear in various subcellular locations. EPICode thus enables the use of live-cell microscopy to characterize a phenotype of interest over time, including after sequential stimulatory/inhibitory manipulations, and directly connects behavior to the cellular genotype. To test EPICode's capacity against an important milestone-engineering and optimizing dynamic, live-cell reporters-we developed a live-cell PKA kinase translocation reporter with improved sensitivity and specificity. The use of epitopes as fluorescent barcodes introduces a scalable strategy for high-throughput screening broadly applicable to protein engineering and drug discovery settings where image-based phenotyping is desired.
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15
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Hlozkova K, Hermanova I, Safrhansova L, Alquezar-Artieda N, Kuzilkova D, Vavrova A, Sperkova K, Zaliova M, Stary J, Trka J, Starkova J. PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway alters sensitivity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to L-asparaginase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4043. [PMID: 35260738 PMCID: PMC8904819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) still remains a therapeutic challenge due to relapses which are resistant to further treatment. l-asparaginase (ASNase) is a key therapy component in pediatric T-ALL and lower sensitivity of leukemia cells to this drug negatively influences overall treatment efficacy and outcome. PTEN protein deletion and/or activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway leading to altered cell growth and metabolism are emerging as a common feature in T-ALL. We herein investigated the relationship amongst PTEN deletion, ASNase sensitivity and glucose metabolism in T-ALL cells. First, we found significant differences in the sensitivity to ASNase amongst T-ALL cell lines. While cell lines more sensitive to ASNase were PTEN wild type (WT) and had no detectable level of phosphorylated Akt (P-Akt), cell lines less sensitive to ASNase were PTEN-null with high P-Akt levels. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt in the PTEN-null cells rendered them more sensitive to ASNase and lowered their glycolytic function which then resembled PTEN WT cells. In primary T-ALL cells, although P-Akt level was not dependent exclusively on PTEN expression, their sensitivity to ASNase could also be increased by pharmacological inhibition of Akt. In summary, we highlight a promising therapeutic option for T-ALL patients with aberrant PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Safrhansova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natividad Alquezar-Artieda
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuzilkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Vavrova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Sperkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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17
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Chavez-Abiega S, Grönloh MLB, Gadella TWJ, Bruggeman FJ, Goedhart J. Single cell imaging of ERK and Akt activation dynamics and heterogeneity induced by G protein-coupled receptors. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274205. [PMID: 35107584 PMCID: PMC8977056 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases play key roles in signaling networks that are activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Kinase activities are generally inferred from cell lysates, hiding cell-to-cell variability. To study the dynamics and heterogeneity of ERK and Akt proteins, we employed high-content biosensor imaging with kinase translocation reporters. The kinases were activated with GPCR ligands. We observed ligand concentration-dependent response kinetics to histamine, α2-adrenergic and S1P receptor stimulation. By using G-protein inhibitors, we observed that Gq mediated the ERK and Akt responses to histamine. In contrast, Gi was necessary for ERK and Akt activation in response to α2-adrenergic receptor activation. ERK and Akt were also strongly activated by S1P, showing high heterogeneity at the single-cell level, especially for ERK. Cluster analysis of time series derived from 68,000 cells obtained under the different conditions revealed several distinct populations of cells that display similar response dynamics. ERK response dynamics to S1P showed high heterogeneity, which was reduced by the inhibition of Gi. To conclude, we have set up an imaging and analysis strategy that reveals substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity in kinase activity driven by GPCRs. Summary: High-content biosensor imaging with kinase translocation reporters reveals substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity in kinase activity driven by G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Chavez-Abiega
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Systems Biology Lab/AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max L B Grönloh
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Bruggeman
- Systems Biology Lab/AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Li J, Zhang B, Jia W, Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li L, Jin T, Wang Z, Tao J, Chen L, Liang S, Liu W. Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Drives the Aerobic Glycolysis in Hippocampus for Delaying Cognitive Decline Following Electroacupuncture Treatment in APP/PS1 Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:774569. [PMID: 34867206 PMCID: PMC8636716 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.774569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis (AG), an important pathway of glucose metabolism, is dramatically declined in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator to maintain the stability of energy metabolism by promoting the process of AG and regulating glucose metabolism. Interestingly, it has been previously reported that electroacupuncture (EA) treatment can improve cognitive function in AD through the enhancement of glucose metabolism. In this study, we generated AMPK-knockdown mice to confirm the EA effect on AMPK activation and further clarify the mechanism of EA in regulating energy metabolism and improving cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. The behavioral results showed that EA treatment can improve the learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. At the same time, the glucose metabolism in the hippocampus was increased detected by MRI-chemical exchange saturation transfer (MRI-CEST). The expression of proteins associated with AG in the hippocampus was increased simultaneously, including hexokinase II (HK2), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Moreover, the knockdown of AMPK attenuated AG activated by EA treatment. In conclusion, this study proves that EA can activate AMPK to enhance the process of AG in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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20
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Zheng D, Huang X, Peng J, Zhuang Y, Li Y, Qu J, Zhang S, Huang F. CircMYOF triggers progression and facilitates glycolysis via the VEGFA/PI3K/AKT axis by absorbing miR-4739 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:362. [PMID: 34811346 PMCID: PMC8608795 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) take part in the initiation and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), a deadly neoplasm with an extremely low 5-year survival rate. Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is a key feature of tumour development, including PDA. In this research, we evaluated the role of circRNAs in reprogrammed glucose metabolism in PDA. RNA sequencing under various glucose incubation circumstances was performed. A new circMYOF was identified. Sanger sequencing and RNase R treatment confirmed its circular RNA characteristics. Real-time PCR indicated that it was highly expressed in PDA clinical specimens and cell lines. Gain-of- and loss-of-function assays showed that circMYOF induced progression in PDA. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter experiments elucidated that circMYOF, as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-4739, facilitated glycolysis via the VEGFA/PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that circMYOF may work as a desirable biomarker and therapeutic target for PDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xianxian Huang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Juanfei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yanyan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Junchi Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shineng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Fengting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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21
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Fukui H, Chow RWY, Xie J, Foo YY, Yap CH, Minc N, Mochizuki N, Vermot J. Bioelectric signaling and the control of cardiac cell identity in response to mechanical forces. Science 2021; 374:351-354. [PMID: 34648325 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Fukui
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Renee Wei-Yan Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jing Xie
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Yoke Yin Foo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Girdhar K, Powis A, Raisingani A, Chrudinová M, Huang R, Tran T, Sevgi K, Dogus Dogru Y, Altindis E. Viruses and Metabolism: The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism. Annu Rev Virol 2021; 8:373-391. [PMID: 34586876 PMCID: PMC9175272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the cross-talk between viruses and host metabolism. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which viral infections manipulate metabolic pathways including glucose, fatty acid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the tree of life and extremely important for the host's nutrient utilization and energy production. In this review, we focus on host glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism and highlight the pathways manipulated by the different classes of viruses to increase their replication. We also explore a new system of viral hormones in which viruses mimic host hormones to manipulate the host endocrine system. We discuss viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides and their potential effects on host metabolism. Together, these pathogenesis mechanisms targeting cellular signaling pathways create a multidimensional network of interactions between host and viral proteins. Defining and better understanding these mechanisms will help us to develop new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Girdhar
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amaya Powis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amol Raisingani
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Ruixu Huang
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Kaan Sevgi
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Yusuf Dogus Dogru
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
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23
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Islam MT, Holland WL, Lesniewski LA. Multicolor fluorescence biosensors reveal a burning need for diversity in the single-cell metabolic landscape. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:537-539. [PMID: 33972177 PMCID: PMC8381684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cellular heterogeneity has been described for metabolic pathways, the upstream mechanisms, the downstream consequences, and the flexibility and transmission of these preferences to daughter cells remains largely unknown. Using live-cell imaging, Kosaisawe et al. demonstrate that cellular metabolism, determined by glycolysis and ATP, is spontaneously heterogeneous, plastic, and regulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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24
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Ma Y, Wang C, Elmhadi M, Zhang H, Han Y, Shen B, He BL, Liu XY, Wang HR. Thiamine ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by a long-term high-concentrate diet and promotes rumen epithelial development in goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11522-11536. [PMID: 34304871 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Data indicate that dietary thiamine supplementation can partly alleviate rumen epithelium inflammation and barrier function in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. The current work aimed to explore whether thiamine promotes rumen epithelium development by regulating carbohydrate metabolism during a long period of feeding high levels of concentrate. For the experiment, 24 female Boer goats (35.62 ± 2.4 kg of body weight) in parity 1 or 2 were allocated to 3 groups (8 goats per replicate) receiving a low-concentrate diet (concentrate:forage 30:70), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage 70:30), or a high-concentrate diet (concentrate:forage 70:30) supplemented with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of dry matter intake (HCT; concentrate:forage 70:30). On the last day of 12 wk, rumen fluid and blood samples were collected to measure ruminal parameters, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and blood inflammatory cytokines. Goats were slaughtered to collect ruminal tissue to determine differential metabolites, enzyme activities, and gene expression. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the HCT group had significantly increased concentrations of d-glucose 6-phosphate, d-fructose 6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and NADPH compared with the HC group. The pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase enzyme activities in the rumen epithelium of the HCT group were higher than those in the HC group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity values for the HCT group were greater than those for the HC group. The rumen epithelium ATP content in the HCT group was higher than that in the HC group. Compared with the HCT group, the HC group had a lower mRNA abundance of CCND1, CCNA2, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, BCL2, PI3K, and AKT1. Taken together, the results suggest that dietary thiamine supplementation could ameliorate disorders in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway induced by a long-term high-concentrate diet and could promote rumen epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - C Wang
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - M Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Y Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - B Shen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - B L He
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - X Y Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - H R Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
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25
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Low TY, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Vellaichamy A, A Rahman NS, Pung YF, Tan CSH. Recent progress in mass spectrometry-based strategies for elucidating protein-protein interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5325-5339. [PMID: 34046695 PMCID: PMC8159249 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are fundamental to various aspects of cell biology with many protein complexes participating in numerous fundamental biological processes such as transcription, translation and cell cycle. MS-based proteomics techniques are routinely applied for characterising the interactome, such as affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry that has been used to selectively enrich and identify interacting partners of a bait protein. In recent years, many orthogonal MS-based techniques and approaches have surfaced including proximity-dependent labelling of neighbouring proteins, chemical cross-linking of two interacting proteins, as well as inferring PPIs from the co-behaviour of proteins such as the co-fractionating profiles and the thermal solubility profiles of proteins. This review discusses the underlying principles, advantages, limitations and experimental considerations of these emerging techniques. In addition, a brief account on how MS-based techniques are used to investigate the structural and functional properties of protein complexes, including their topology, stoichiometry, copy number and dynamics, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nisa Syakila A Rahman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Chris Soon Heng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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26
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Gagliardi PA, Dobrzyński M, Jacques MA, Dessauges C, Ender P, Blum Y, Hughes RM, Cohen AR, Pertz O. Collective ERK/Akt activity waves orchestrate epithelial homeostasis by driving apoptosis-induced survival. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1712-1726.e6. [PMID: 34081908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell death events continuously challenge epithelial barrier function yet are crucial to eliminate old or critically damaged cells. How such apoptotic events are spatio-temporally organized to maintain epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. We observe waves of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt) activity pulses that originate from apoptotic cells and propagate radially to healthy surrounding cells. This requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling. At the single-cell level, ERK/Akt waves act as spatial survival signals that locally protect cells in the vicinity of the epithelial injury from apoptosis for a period of 3-4 h. At the cell population level, ERK/Akt waves maintain epithelial homeostasis (EH) in response to mild or intense environmental insults. Disruption of this spatial signaling system results in the inability of a model epithelial tissue to ensure barrier function in response to environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Antoine Jacques
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Dessauges
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ender
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Blum
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, 300 Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA
| | - Andrew R Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3120-40 Market Street, Suite 313, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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27
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Kinnunen PC, Luker KE, Luker GD, Linderman JJ. Computational methods for characterizing and learning from heterogeneous cell signaling data. CURRENT OPINION IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2021; 26:98-108. [PMID: 35647414 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in cell signaling pathways is increasingly appreciated as a fundamental feature of cell biology and a driver of clinically relevant disease phenotypes. Understanding the causes of heterogeneity, the cellular mechanisms used to control heterogeneity, and the downstream effects of heterogeneity in single cells are all key obstacles for manipulating cellular populations and treating disease. Recent advances in genetic engineering, including multiplexed fluorescent reporters, have provided unprecedented measurements of signaling heterogeneity, but these vast data sets are often difficult to interpret, necessitating the use of computational techniques to extract meaning from the data. Here, we review recent advances in computational methods for extracting meaning from these novel data streams. In particular, we evaluate how machine learning methods related to dimensionality reduction and classification can identify structure in complex, dynamic datasets, simplifying interpretation. We also discuss how mechanistic models can be merged with heterogeneous data to understand the underlying differences between cells in a population. These methods are still being developed, but the work reviewed here offers useful applications of specific analysis techniques that could enable the translation of single-cell signaling data to actionable biological understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Kinnunen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A526 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A526 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
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28
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Kosaisawe N, Sparta B, Pargett M, Teragawa CK, Albeck JG. Transient phases of OXPHOS inhibitor resistance reveal underlying metabolic heterogeneity in single cells. Cell Metab 2021; 33:649-665.e8. [PMID: 33561427 PMCID: PMC8005262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in metabolism plays an unknown role in physiology and pharmacology. To functionally characterize cellular variability in metabolism, we treated cells with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and monitored their responses with live-cell reporters for ATP, ADP/ATP, or activity of the energy-sensing kinase AMPK. Across multiple OXPHOS inhibitors and cell types, we identified a subpopulation of cells resistant to activation of AMPK and reduction of ADP/ATP ratio. This resistant state persists transiently for at least several hours and can be inherited during cell divisions. OXPHOS inhibition suppresses the mTORC1 and ERK growth signaling pathways in sensitive cells, but not in resistant cells. Resistance is linked to a multi-factorial combination of increased glucose uptake, reduced protein biosynthesis, and G0/G1 cell-cycle status. Our results reveal dynamic fluctuations in cellular energetic balance and provide a basis for measuring and predicting the distribution of cellular responses to OXPHOS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nont Kosaisawe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Breanne Sparta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn K Teragawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John G Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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29
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Kondo H, Ratcliffe CDH, Hooper S, Ellis J, MacRae JI, Hennequart M, Dunsby CW, Anderson KI, Sahai E. Single-cell resolved imaging reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity in glycolysis, transitions between metabolic states, and their regulatory mechanisms. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108750. [PMID: 33596424 PMCID: PMC7900713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-cellular heterogeneity in metabolic state has been proposed to influence many cancer phenotypes, including responses to targeted therapy. Here, we track the transitions and heritability of metabolic states in single PIK3CA mutant breast cancer cells, identify non-genetic glycolytic heterogeneity, and build on observations derived from methods reliant on bulk analyses. Using fluorescent biosensors in vitro and in tumors, we have identified distinct subpopulations of cells whose glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism are regulated by combinations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, bromodomain activity, and cell crowding effects. The actin severing protein cofilin, as well as PI3K, regulates rapid changes in glucose metabolism, whereas treatment with the bromodomain inhibitor slowly abrogates a subpopulation of cells whose glycolytic activity is PI3K independent. We show how bromodomain function and PI3K signaling, along with actin remodeling, independently modulate glycolysis and how targeting these pathways affects distinct subpopulations of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kondo
- Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Colin D H Ratcliffe
- Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven Hooper
- Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James Ellis
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marc Hennequart
- p53 and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher W Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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30
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Troncoso MF, Pavez M, Wilson C, Lagos D, Duran J, Ramos S, Barrientos G, Silva P, Llanos P, Basualto-Alarcón C, Westenbrink BD, Lavandero S, Estrada M. Testosterone activates glucose metabolism through AMPK and androgen signaling in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Biol Res 2021; 54:3. [PMID: 33546773 PMCID: PMC7863443 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testosterone regulates nutrient and energy balance to maintain protein synthesis and metabolism in cardiomyocytes, but supraphysiological concentrations induce cardiac hypertrophy. Previously, we determined that testosterone increased glucose uptake—via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—after acute treatment in cardiomyocytes. However, whether elevated glucose uptake is involved in long-term changes of glucose metabolism or is required during cardiomyocyte growth remained unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that glucose uptake and glycolysis increase in testosterone-treated cardiomyocytes through AMPK and androgen receptor (AR). Methods Cultured cardiomyocytes were stimulated with 100 nM testosterone for 24 h, and hypertrophy was verified by increased cell size and mRNA levels of β-myosin heavy chain (β-mhc). Glucose uptake was assessed by 2-NBDG. Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were determined by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Results Testosterone induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that was accompanied by increased glucose uptake, glycolysis enhancement and upregulated mRNA expression of hexokinase 2. In addition, testosterone increased AMPK phosphorylation (Thr172), while inhibition of both AMPK and AR blocked glycolysis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by testosterone. Moreover, testosterone supplementation in adult male rats by 5 weeks induced cardiac hypertrophy and upregulated β-mhc, Hk2 and Pfk2 mRNA levels. Conclusion These results indicate that testosterone stimulates glucose metabolism by activation of AMPK and AR signaling which are critical to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Wilson
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, 5951537, Coyhaique, Chile.,Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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31
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Chedere A, Hari K, Kumar S, Rangarajan A, Jolly MK. Multi-Stability and Consequent Phenotypic Plasticity in AMPK-Akt Double Negative Feedback Loop in Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030472. [PMID: 33530625 PMCID: PMC7865639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and survival of cancer cells to various stress and growth factor conditions is crucial for successful metastasis. A double-negative feedback loop between two serine/threonine kinases AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and Akt can regulate the adaptation of breast cancer cells to matrix-deprivation stress. This feedback loop can significantly generate two phenotypes or cell states: matrix detachment-triggered pAMPKhigh/ pAktlow state, and matrix (re)attachment-triggered pAkthigh/ pAMPKlow state. However, whether these two cell states can exhibit phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity in a given cell population, i.e., whether they can co-exist and undergo spontaneous switching to generate the other subpopulation, remains unclear. Here, we develop a mechanism-based mathematical model that captures the set of experimentally reported interactions among AMPK and Akt. Our simulations suggest that the AMPK-Akt feedback loop can give rise to two co-existing phenotypes (pAkthigh/ pAMPKlow and pAMPKhigh/pAktlow) in specific parameter regimes. Next, to test the model predictions, we segregated these two subpopulations in MDA-MB-231 cells and observed that each of them was capable of switching to another in adherent conditions. Finally, the predicted trends are supported by clinical data analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer and pan-cancer cohorts that revealed negatively correlated pAMPK and pAkt protein levels. Overall, our integrated computational-experimental approach unravels that AMPK-Akt feedback loop can generate multi-stability and drive phenotypic switching and heterogeneity in a cancer cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Chedere
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.K.J.)
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.K.J.)
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32
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Wang L, Xu HL, Liang JW, Ding YY, Meng FH. An Integrated Network, RNA Sequencing, and Experiment Pharmacology Approach Reveals the Active Component, Potential Target, and Mechanism of Gelsemium elegans in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616628. [PMID: 33425771 PMCID: PMC7786369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a combination of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking and transcriptomics was used to investigate the active ingredient and potential target of Gelsemium elegans in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Koumine was screened as the active component by targeting PDK1 through network pharmacology and reverse docking. RNA-Seq, enrichment analysis and validation experiment were then further employed to reveal koumine might function in inhibiting Akt/mTOR/HK2 pathway to regulate cell glycolysis and detachment of HK2 from mitochondria and VDAC-1 to activate cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we provide a systematical approach for the identification of effective ingredient and potential target of herbal medicine. Our results have important implication for the intensive study of koumine as novel anticancer agents for colorectal cancer and could be supportive in its further structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Hai-Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Wei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ding
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
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Exploration in the Mechanism of Kaempferol for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5891016. [PMID: 33145355 PMCID: PMC7596434 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5891016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Kaempferol is a natural polyphenol in lots of Chinese herbs, which has shown promising treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular mechanisms of its action have not been systematically revealed yet. In this work, a network pharmacology approach was used to elucidate the potential mechanisms of kaempferol in the treatment of GC. Methods The kaempferol was input into the PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction database to get its targets, and the targets of GC were obtained by retrieving the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, MalaCards database, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and Coolgen database. The molecular docking was performed to assess the interactions between kaempferol and these targets. Next, the overlap targets of kaempferol and GC were identified for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Afterward, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to get the hub targets, and the expression and overall survival analysis of the hub target were investigated. Finally, the overall survival (OS) analysis of hub targets was performed using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter online tool. Results A total of 990 genes related to GC and 10 overlapping genes were determined through matching the 24 potential targets of kaempferol with disease-associated genes. The result of molecular docking indicated that kaempferol can bind with these hub targets with good binding scores. These targets were further mapped to 140 GO biological process terms and 11 remarkable pathways. In the PPI network analysis, 3 key targets were identified, including ESR1, EGFR, and SRC. The mRNA and protein expression levels of EGFR and SRC were obviously higher in GC tissues. High expression of these targets was related to poor OS in GC patients. Conclusions This study provided a novel approach to reveal the therapeutic mechanisms of kaempferol on GC, which will ease the future clinical application of kaempferol in the treatment of GC.
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Yang H, Zhu J, Wang G, Liu H, Zhou Y, Qian J. STK35 Is Ubiquitinated by NEDD4L and Promotes Glycolysis and Inhibits Apoptosis Through Regulating the AKT Signaling Pathway, Influencing Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582695. [PMID: 33117809 PMCID: PMC7578231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is often sporadic, but its etiology is multifactorial. Chemoresistance of CRC leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis in patients. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) can activate metabolic reprogramming toward cellular glycolysis. Serine/threonine kinase 35 (STK35) regulates the cell cycle and is frequently associated with cancer progression, whereas little is known about its specific roles in CRC. In the current study, bioinformatics analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between STK35 and CRC prognosis. STK35 knockdown and overexpressing CRC cells were established to examine its functions in CRC. Fluorouracil (5-FU) was utilized to evaluate the effect of STK35 on CRC chemoresistance. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation was performed to explore the ubiquitination of STK35. STK35 was highly expressed in CRC, and its protein expression was negatively correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Furthermore, STK35 overexpression could promote glycolysis, suppress apoptosis, upregulate p-AKT, and counteract the antitumor functions of 5-FU and neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-like (NEDD4L) in CRC cells. NEDD4L was associated with and could ubiquitinate STK35. STK35 could be a prognostic biomarker for CRC prognosis and has promotive effects on CRC cellular activities, partially through the AKT pathway. Moreover, STK35 also interferes with the chemosensitivity of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Inhibition of Mg 2+ Extrusion Attenuates Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092768. [PMID: 32927908 PMCID: PMC7551965 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays important roles in the nervous system. An increase in the Mg2+ concentration in cerebrospinal fluid enhances neural functions, while Mg2+ deficiency is implicated in neuronal diseases in the central nervous system. We have previously demonstrated that high concentrations of glutamate induce excitotoxicity and elicit a transient increase in the intracellular concentration of Mg2+ due to the release of Mg2+ from mitochondria, followed by a decrease to below steady-state levels. Since Mg2+ deficiency is involved in neuronal diseases, this decrease presumably affects neuronal survival under excitotoxic conditions. However, the mechanism of the Mg2+ decrease and its effect on the excitotoxicity process have not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that inhibitors of Mg2+ extrusion, quinidine and amiloride, attenuated glutamate excitotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. A toxic concentration of glutamate induced both Mg2+ release from mitochondria and Mg2+ extrusion from cytosol, and both quinidine and amiloride suppressed only the extrusion. This resulted in the maintenance of a higher Mg2+ concentration in the cytosol than under steady-state conditions during the ten-minute exposure to glutamate. These inhibitors also attenuated the glutamate-induced depression of cellular energy metabolism. Our data indicate the importance of Mg2+ regulation in neuronal survival under excitotoxicity.
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Hlozkova K, Pecinova A, Alquezar-Artieda N, Pajuelo-Reguera D, Simcikova M, Hovorkova L, Rejlova K, Zaliova M, Mracek T, Kolenova A, Stary J, Trka J, Starkova J. Metabolic profile of leukemia cells influences treatment efficacy of L-asparaginase. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:526. [PMID: 32503472 PMCID: PMC7275298 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectiveness of L-asparaginase administration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment is mirrored in the overall outcome of patients. Generally, leukemia patients differ in their sensitivity to L-asparaginase; however, the mechanism underlying their inter-individual differences is still not fully understood. We have previously shown that L-asparaginase rewires the biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways of leukemia cells to activate both anti-leukemic and pro-survival processes. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the metabolic profile of leukemia cells and their sensitivity to currently used cytostatic drugs. METHODS Altogether, 19 leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells from 26 patients and 2 healthy controls were used. Glycolytic function and mitochondrial respiration were measured using Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Sensitivity to cytostatics was measured using MTS assay and/or absolute count and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined as TMRE fluorescence. RESULTS Using cell lines and primary patient samples we characterized the basal metabolic state of cells derived from different leukemia subtypes and assessed their sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. We found that leukemia cells cluster into distinct groups according to their metabolic profile. Lymphoid leukemia cell lines and patients sensitive to L-asparaginase clustered into the low glycolytic cluster. While lymphoid leukemia cells with lower sensitivity to L-asparaginase together with resistant normal mononuclear blood cells gathered into the high glycolytic cluster. Furthermore, we observed a correlation of specific metabolic parameters with the sensitivity to L-asparaginase. Greater ATP-linked respiration and lower basal mitochondrial membrane potential in cells significantly correlated with higher sensitivity to L-asparaginase. No such correlation was found in the other cytostatic drugs tested by us. CONCLUSIONS These data support that cell metabolism plays a prominent role in the treatment effect of L-asparaginase. Based on these findings, leukemia patients with lower sensitivity to L-asparaginase with no specific genetic characterization could be identified by their metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Pecinova
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natividad Alquezar-Artieda
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Pajuelo-Reguera
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Simcikova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hovorkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rejlova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Kolenova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wu L, Xiao P, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang H, Jiang Q, Li L. Altered expression of AKT1 and P38A in the colons of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:719-725. [PMID: 32236665 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract due to the congenital absence of enteric ganglion cells. The proto-oncogene RET is one of the primary genes implicated in the aetiology of HSCR. We designed this study to investigate the expression of 10 RET regulatory network genes in the colons of patients with HSCR. METHODS HSCR tissue specimens (n = 28) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery. qPCR analysis was applied to compare the expression levels of 10 genes in the RET regulatory network. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the localization of AKT1 and P38A in HSCR colon tissue. RESULTS AKT1 (p = 0.015) and P38A (p = 0.039) were both significantly downregulated in the aganglionic segment compared to those in the ganglionic segment in HSCR patients (n = 28). Western blot analysis revealed the decreasing protein expression of AKT1 and P38A in the aganglionic segment compared to ganglionic segment and control colon tissues (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that both AKT1 and P38A were localized in the colonic mucosa and were significantly decreased in the aganglionic segment. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report for the first time the expression of RET regulatory network genes in the colons of patients with HSCR. The markedly decreased expression of AKT1 and P38A suggested a possible role in HSCR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wu J, Han X, Zhai H, Yang T, Lin Y. Evidence for rate-dependent filtering of global extrinsic noise by biochemical reactions in mammalian cells. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9335. [PMID: 32407587 PMCID: PMC7224485 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that global extrinsic noise arising from stochasticity in the intracellular biochemical environment plays a critical role in heterogeneous cell physiologies. However, it remains largely unclear how such extrinsic noise dynamically influences downstream reactions and whether it could be neutralized by cellular reactions. Here, using fluorescent protein (FP) maturation as a model biochemical reaction, we explored how cellular reactions might combat global extrinsic noise in mammalian cells. We developed a novel single-cell assay to systematically quantify the maturation rate and the associated noise for over a dozen FPs. By exploiting the variation in the maturation rate for different FPs, we inferred that global extrinsic noise could be temporally filtered by maturation reactions, and as a result, the noise levels for slow-maturing FPs are lower compared to fast-maturing FPs. This mechanism is validated by directly perturbing the maturation rates of specific FPs and measuring the resulting noise levels. Together, our results revealed a potentially general principle governing extrinsic noise propagation, where timescale separation allows cellular reactions to cope with dynamic global extrinsic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegen Wu
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking‐Tsinghua Joint Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking‐Tsinghua Joint Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haotian Zhai
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking‐Tsinghua Joint Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking‐Tsinghua Joint Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihan Lin
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking‐Tsinghua Joint Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Ni W, Zhou H, Ding H, Tang L. Berberine ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits podocyte dysfunction by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathway in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:297-306. [PMID: 31336024 PMCID: PMC7078081 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Amelioration of renal impairment is the key to diabetic nephropathy (DN) therapy. The progression of DN is closely related to podocyte dysfunction, but the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the renal impairment amelioration effect of berberine and related mechanisms targeting podocyte dysfunction under the diabetic state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to develop a DN rat model together with a high-glucose/high-lipid diet. Renal functional parameters and glomerular ultrastructure changes were recorded. The alterations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt in the kidney cortex were determined by western blot. Meanwhile, podocyte dysfunction was induced and treated with berberine and LY294002. After that, podocyte adhesion functional parameters, protein biomarker and the alterations of the PI3K-Akt pathway were detected. RESULTS Berberine reduces the increased levels of biochemical indicators, and significantly improves the abnormal expression of PI3K, Akt and phosphorylated Akt in a rat kidney model. In vitro, a costimulating factor could obviously reduce the podocyte adhesion activity, including decreased expression of nephrin, podocin and adhesion molecule α3β1 levels, to induce podocyte dysfunction, and the trends were markedly reversed by berberine and LY294002 therapy. Furthermore, reduction of PI3K and phosphorylated Akt levels were observed in the berberine (30 and 60 μmol/L) and LY294002 (40 μmol/L) treatment group, but the Akt protein expression showed little change. CONCLUSIONS Berberine could be a promising antidiabetic nephropathy drug through ameliorating renal impairment and inhibiting podocyte dysfunction in diabetic rats, and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jian Ni
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial Cancer HospitalWest District of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hai‐Hua Ding
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li‐Qin Tang
- Department of PharmacyAnhui Provincial HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
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Valuparampil Varghese M, James J, Eccles CA, Niihori M, Rafikova O, Rafikov R. Inhibition of Anaplerosis Attenuated Vascular Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020443. [PMID: 32041182 PMCID: PMC7074087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is considered a key event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, mechanisms of gaining the proliferative phenotype by pulmonary vascular cells are still unresolved. Due to well-established pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency in PAH pathogenesis, we hypothesized that the activation of another branch of pyruvate metabolism, anaplerosis, via pyruvate carboxylase (PC) could be a key contributor to the metabolic reprogramming of the vasculature. In sugen/hypoxic PAH rats, vascular proliferation was found to be accompanied by increased activation of Akt signaling, which upregulated membrane Glut4 translocation and caused upregulation of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase-2, and an overall increase in the glycolytic flux. Decreased PDH activity and upregulation of PC shuttled more pyruvate to oxaloacetate. This results in the anaplerotic reprogramming of lung vascular cells and their subsequent proliferation. Treatment of sugen/hypoxia rats with the PC inhibitor, phenylacetic acid 20 mg/kg, starting after one week from disease induction, significantly attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure, Fulton index, and pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. PC inhibition reduced the glycolytic shift by attenuating Akt-signaling, glycolysis, and restored mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. Our findings suggest that targeting PC mediated anaplerosis is a potential therapeutic intervention for the resolution of vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olga Rafikova
- Correspondence: (O.R.); (R.R.); Tel.: +1-520-626-1303 (O.R.); +1-520-626-6092 (R.R.)
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Correspondence: (O.R.); (R.R.); Tel.: +1-520-626-1303 (O.R.); +1-520-626-6092 (R.R.)
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Kesler B, Li G, Thiemicke A, Venkat R, Neuert G. Automated cell boundary and 3D nuclear segmentation of cells in suspension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10237. [PMID: 31308458 PMCID: PMC6629630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize cell types, cellular functions and intracellular processes, an understanding of the differences between individual cells is required. Although microscopy approaches have made tremendous progress in imaging cells in different contexts, the analysis of these imaging data sets is a long-standing, unsolved problem. The few robust cell segmentation approaches that exist often rely on multiple cellular markers and complex time-consuming image analysis. Recently developed deep learning approaches can address some of these challenges, but they require tremendous amounts of data and well-curated reference data sets for algorithm training. We propose an alternative experimental and computational approach, called CellDissect, in which we first optimize specimen preparation and data acquisition prior to image processing to generate high quality images that are easier to analyze computationally. By focusing on fixed suspension and dissociated adherent cells, CellDissect relies only on widefield images to identify cell boundaries and nuclear staining to automatically segment cells in two dimensions and nuclei in three dimensions. This segmentation can be performed on a desktop computer or a computing cluster for higher throughput. We compare and evaluate the accuracy of different nuclear segmentation approaches against manual expert cell segmentation for different cell lines acquired with different imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kesler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alexander Thiemicke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rohit Venkat
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Gregor Neuert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Quantitative Systems Biology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Lin SC, Chen MC, Liu S, Callahan VM, Bracci NR, Lehman CW, Dahal B, de la Fuente CL, Lin CC, Wang TT, Kehn-Hall K. Phloretin inhibits Zika virus infection by interfering with cellular glucose utilisation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:80-84. [PMID: 30930299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging Flavivirus that has been linked to microcephaly and other neurological pathologies. In this study, phloretin, a glucose transporter inhibitor naturally derived from plants, was used to investigate the glucose dependence of ZIKV replication in host cells. The results showed that phloretin significantly decreased infectious titres of two ZIKV strains, namely MR766 (African genotype) and PRVABC59 (Puerto Rico genotype). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of phloretin against MR766 and PRVABC59 was 22.85 µM and 9.31 µM, respectively. Further analyses demonstrated that decreased viral production was due to host-targeted inhibition, including decreased apoptotic caspase-3 and -7 activities and reduced phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR pathways. In addition, upon disruption of cellular glucose availability within host cells using 2-deoxy-d-glucose, ZIKV propagation was inhibited. Collectively, we demonstrate phloretin inhibition of ZIKV propagation and provide evidence of glucose utilization pathways as being important for ZIKV propagation. The activity of phloretin and its role in inhibiting glucose uptake could provide a useful foundation for the development of ZIKV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, SRI International, 140 Research Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22802, USA
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, SRI International, 140 Research Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22802, USA
| | - Victoria M Callahan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Nicole R Bracci
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Caitlin W Lehman
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Bibha Dahal
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Cynthia L de la Fuente
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tony T Wang
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA.
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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Abstract
Viruses depend on the host cells they infect to provide the machinery and substrates for replication. Host cells are highly dynamic systems that can alter their intracellular environment and metabolic behavior, which may be helpful or inhibitory for an infecting virus. In this study, we show that macrophages, a target cell of murine norovirus (MNV), increase glycolysis upon viral infection, which is important for early steps in MNV infection. Human noroviruses (hNoV) are a major cause of gastroenteritis globally, causing enormous morbidity and economic burden. Currently, no effective antivirals or vaccines exist for hNoV, mainly due to the lack of high-efficiency in vitro culture models for their study. Thus, insights gained from the MNV model may reveal aspects of host cell metabolism that can be targeted for improving hNoV cell culture systems and for developing effective antiviral therapies. The metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), are important host factors that determine the outcome of viral infections and can be manipulated by some viruses to favor infection. However, mechanisms of metabolic modulation and their effects on viral replication vary widely. Herein, we present the first metabolomics and energetic profiling of norovirus-infected cells, which revealed increases in glycolysis, OXPHOS, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during murine norovirus (MNV) infection. Inhibiting glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in macrophages revealed that glycolysis is an important factor for optimal MNV infection, while inhibiting the PPP and OXPHOS showed a relatively minor impact of these pathways on MNV infection. 2DG affected an early stage in the viral life cycle after viral uptake and capsid uncoating, leading to decreased viral protein production and viral RNA. The requirement of glycolysis was specific for MNV (but not astrovirus) infection, independent of the type I interferon antiviral response, and unlikely to be due to a lack of host cell nucleotide synthesis. MNV infection increased activation of the protein kinase Akt, but not AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), two master regulators of cellular metabolism, implicating Akt signaling in upregulating host metabolism during norovirus infection. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the metabolic state of target cells is an intrinsic host factor that determines the extent of norovirus replication and implicates glycolysis as a virulence determinant. They further point to cellular metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for norovirus infections and improvements in current human norovirus culture systems.
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O-GlcNAc Signaling Orchestrates the Regenerative Response to Neuronal Injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1931-1938.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Dodd BJT, Kralj JM. Live Cell Imaging Reveals pH Oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Metabolic Transitions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13922. [PMID: 29066766 PMCID: PMC5654966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of glucose to starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiates collective NADH dynamics termed glycolytic oscillations. Numerous questions remain about the extent to which single cells can oscillate, if oscillations occur in natural conditions, and potential physiological consequences of oscillations. In this paper, we report sustained glycolytic oscillations in single cells without the need for cyanide. Glucose addition to immobilized cells induced pH oscillations that could be imaged with fluorescent sensors. A population of cells had oscillations that were heterogeneous in frequency, start time, stop time, duration and amplitude. These changes in cytoplasmic pH were necessary and sufficient to drive changes in NADH. Oscillators had lower mitochondrial membrane potentials and budded more slowly than non-oscillators. We also uncovered a new type of oscillation during recovery from H2O2 challenge. Our data show that pH in S. cerevisiae changes over several time scales, and that imaging pH offers a new way to measure glycolytic oscillations on individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel M Kralj
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA.
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