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Da Silva A, Dort J, Orfi Z, Pan X, Huang S, Kho I, Heckel E, Muscarnera G, van Vliet PP, Sturiale L, Messina A, Romeo DA, van Karnebeek CD, Wen XY, Hinek A, Molina T, Andelfinger G, Ellezam B, Yamanaka Y, Olivos HJ, Morales CR, Joyal JS, Lefeber DJ, Garozzo D, Dumont NA, Pshezhetsky AV. N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase controls sialylation of muscle glycoproteins essential for muscle regeneration and function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6308. [PMID: 37390204 PMCID: PMC10313170 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious variants in N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) cause skeletal myopathy and cardiac edema in humans and zebrafish, but its physiological role remains unknown. We report generation of mouse models of the disease: NplR63C, carrying the human p.Arg63Cys variant, and Npldel116 with a 116-bp exonic deletion. In both strains, NPL deficiency causes drastic increase in free sialic acid levels, reduction of skeletal muscle force and endurance, slower healing and smaller size of newly formed myofibers after cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury, increased glycolysis, partially impaired mitochondrial function, and aberrant sialylation of dystroglycan and mitochondrial LRP130 protein. NPL-catalyzed degradation of sialic acid in the muscle increases after fasting and injury and in human patient and mouse models with genetic muscle dystrophy, demonstrating that NPL is essential for muscle function and regeneration and serves as a general marker of muscle damage. Oral administration of N-acetylmannosamine rescues skeletal myopathy, as well as mitochondrial and structural abnormalities in NplR63C mice, suggesting a potential treatment for human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afitz Da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Junio Dort
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sjanie Huang
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
| | - Ikhui Kho
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Heckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giacomo Muscarnera
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Clara D.M. van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery and ZebraPeutics (Guangdong) Ltd., HengQin District, Zhuhai, China
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hu C, Liu T, Zhang W, Sun Y, Jiang D, Zhang X, Liu Y, Mao S, Xu Y, Pan J, Wang J, Huang Y, Yang S, Yang K. miR-145 inhibits aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation of cervical cancer by acting on MYC. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22839. [PMID: 36946075 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201189rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half a million women are diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC) each year, with the incidence of CC stabilizing or rising in low-income and middle-income countries. Cancer cells use metabolic reprogramming to meet the needs of rapid proliferation, known as the Warburg effect, but the mechanism of the Warburg effect in CC remains unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) have a wide range of effects on gene expression and diverse modes of action, and they regulate genes for metabolic reprogramming. Dysregulation of miRNA expression leads to metabolic abnormalities in tumor cells and promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we found that miR-145 was negatively correlated with metabolic reprogramming-related genes and prevented the proliferation and metastasis of CC cell lines by impeding aerobic glycolysis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-145 can bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of MYC. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time PCR indicated that MYC was involved in the regulation of glycolysis-related genes. In addition, miR-145 mimics significantly suppressed the growth of CC cell xenograft tumor, prolonged the survival time of mice, and dramatically silenced the expression of tumor proliferation marker Ki-67. Therefore, the results suggested that miR-145 affects aerobic glycolysis through MYC, which may be a potential target for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyue Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyi Mao
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuya Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Li L, Liang J, Zhang C, Liu T, Zhang C. Peripheral actions and direct central-local communications of melanocortin 4 receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:45-51. [PMID: 33621697 PMCID: PMC9923399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), the most important monogenetic cause of human metabolic disorders, has been of great interest to many researchers in the field of energy homeostasis and public health. Because MC4R is a vital pharmaceutical target for maintaining controllable appetite and body weight for professional athletes, previous studies have mainly focused on the central, rather than the peripheral, roles of MC4R. Thus, the local expression of MC4R and its behavioral regulation remain unclear. In an attempt to shed light on different directions for future studies of MC4R signaling, we review a series of recent and important studies exploring the peripheral functions of MC4R and the direct physiological interaction between peripheral organs and central MC4R neurons in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinye Liang
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cong Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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The effect of gender and obesity in modulating cross-bridge function in cardiac muscle fibers. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:157-172. [PMID: 35994221 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of obesity on cross-bridge (CB) function was investigated in mice lacking functional Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R-/-), the loss of which causes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans and mice. Skinned cardiac muscle fibers from male and female mice were used, and activated in the presence of Ca2+. To characterize CB kinetics, we changed the length of fibers in sinewaves (15 frequencies: 1‒187 Hz) at a small amplitude (0.2%L0), studied concomitant tension transients, and deduced the kinetic constants of the CB cycle from the ATP and Pi effects. In males, active tension and stiffness during full activation and rigor were ~ 1.5X in WT compared to MC4R-/- mice. This effect was not observed in females. We also observed that ATP binding and subsequent CB detachment steps were not altered by the mutation/gender. The equilibrium constant of the force generation step (K4) and Pi release step (association constant: K5) were not affected by the mutation, but there was a gender difference in WT mice: K4 and K5 were ~ 2.2X in males than in females. Concomitantly, the forward rate constant (r4) and backward rate constant (r-4) of the force generation step were 1.5-2.5X in muscles from female MC4R-/- mice relative to male MC4R-/- mice. However, these effects did not cause a significant difference in CB distributions among six CB states. In both genders, Ca2+ sensitivity decreased slightly (0.12 pCa unit) in mutants. We conclude that the CB functions are differentially affected both by obesity induced in the absence of functional MC4R-/- and gender.
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Administration Sex-Specifically Affects Blood Insulin Levels and Liver Steatosis in Obese Ay Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123440. [PMID: 34943946 PMCID: PMC8700098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex. This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese Ay males and females. Ay mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21’s beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males.
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Puder L, Roth S, Krabusch P, Wiegand S, Opitz R, Bald M, Flück C, Schulz E, Voss E, Markó L, Linz P, Berger F, Müller DN, Kuehne T, Litt MJ, Cone RD, Kühnen P, Kelm M. Cardiac Phenotype and Tissue Sodium Content in Adolescents With Defects in the Melanocortin System. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2606-2616. [PMID: 34036349 PMCID: PMC8372645 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) play a pivotal role in the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Mutations in these genes lead to monogenic types of obesity due to severe hyperphagia. In addition to dietary-induced obesity, a cardiac phenotype without hypertrophy has been identified in MC4R knockout mice. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize cardiac morphology and function as well as tissue Na+ content in humans with mutations in POMC and MC4R genes. METHODS A cohort of 42 patients (5 patients with bi-allelic POMC mutations, 6 heterozygous MC4R mutation carriers, 19 obese controls without known monogenic cause, and 12 normal weight controls) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and 23Na-MRI. RESULTS Monogenic obese patients with POMC or MC4R mutation respectively had a significantly lower left ventricular mass/body surface area (BSA) than nonmonogenic obese patients. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume/BSA was significantly lower in POMC- and MC4R-deficient patients than in nonmonogenic obese patients. Subcutaneous fat and skin Na+ content was significantly higher in POMC- and MC4R-deficient patients than in nonmonogenic obese patients. In these compartments, the water content was significantly higher in patients with POMC and MC4R mutation than in control groups. CONCLUSION Patients with POMC or MC4R mutations carriers had a lack of transition to hypertrophy, significantly lower cardiac muscle mass/BSA, and stored more Na+ within the subcutaneous fat tissue than nonmonogenic obese patients. The results point towards the role of the melanocortin pathway for cardiac function and tissue Na+ storage and the importance of including cardiologic assessments into the diagnostic work-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Puder
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Sophie Roth
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Philipp Krabusch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Martin Bald
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70174, Germany
| | - Christa Flück
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of BioMedical Research, Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Esther Schulz
- Pediatric Endocrinology, AKK Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus GmbH, Hamburg 22763, Germany
| | - Egbert Voss
- Cnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg 90419, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Michael J Litt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Correspondence: Peter Kühnen, MD, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marcus Kelm
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
- Marcus Kelm, MD, Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany,
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Xu H, Zhang H, Fang Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Zhang C, Lin G. Activation of the Melanocortin-4 receptor signaling by α-MSH stimulates nerve-dependent mouse digit regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 33937937 PMCID: PMC8089069 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Mc4r in peripheral organs indicates it has broader roles in organ homeostasis and regeneration. However, the expression and function of Mc4r in the mouse limb and digit has not been fully investigated. Our previous work showed that Mc4r-/- mice fail to regenerate the digit, but whether activation of MC4R signaling could rescue digit regeneration, or stimulate proximal digit regeneration is not clear. RESULTS We analyzed the expression dynamics of Mc4r in the embryonic and postnatal mouse limb and digit using the Mc4r-gfp mice. We found that Mc4r-GFP is mainly expressed in the limb nerves, and in the limb muscles that are undergoing secondary myogenesis. Expression of Mc4r-GFP in the adult mouse digit is restricted to the nail matrix. We also examined the effect of α-MSH on mouse digit regeneration. We found that administration of α-MSH in the Mc4r+/- mice rescue the delayed regeneration of distal digit tip. α-MSH could rescue distal digit regeneration in denervated hindlimbs. In addition, α-MSH could stimulate regeneration of the proximally amputated digit, which is non-regenerative. CONCLUSIONS Mc4r expression in the mouse limb and digit is closely related to nerve tissues, and α-MSH/MC4R signaling has a neurotrophic role in mouse digit tip regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiran Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gufa Lin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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de Souza Cordeiro LM, Elsheikh A, Devisetty N, Morgan DA, Ebert SN, Rahmouni K, Chhabra KH. Hypothalamic MC4R regulates glucose homeostasis through adrenaline-mediated control of glucose reabsorption via renal GLUT2 in mice. Diabetologia 2021; 64:181-194. [PMID: 33052459 PMCID: PMC7718429 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) mutation is the most common cause of known monogenic obesity in humans. Unexpectedly, humans and rodents with MC4R deficiency do not develop hyperglycaemia despite chronic obesity and insulin resistance. To explain the underlying mechanisms for this phenotype, we determined the role of MC4R in glucose homeostasis in the presence and absence of obesity in mice. METHODS We used global and hypothalamus-specific MC4R-deficient mice to investigate the brain regions that contribute to glucose homeostasis via MC4R. We performed oral, intraperitoneal and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in MC4R-deficient mice that were either obese or weight-matched to their littermate controls to define the role of MC4R in glucose regulation independently of changes in body weight. To identify the integrative pathways through which MC4R regulates glucose homeostasis, we measured renal and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity. We also evaluated glucose homeostasis in adrenaline (epinephrine)-deficient mice to investigate the role of adrenaline in mediating the effects of MC4R in glucose homeostasis. We employed a graded [13C6]glucose infusion procedure to quantify renal glucose reabsorption in MC4R-deficient mice. Finally, we measured the levels of renal glucose transporters in hypothalamus-specific MC4R-deficient mice and adrenaline-deficient mice using western blotting to ascertain the molecular mechanisms underlying MC4R control of glucose homeostasis. RESULTS We found that obese and weight-matched MC4R-deficient mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance due to elevated glucosuria, not enhanced beta cell function. Moreover, MC4R deficiency selectively in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) is responsible for reducing the renal threshold for glucose as measured by graded [13C6]glucose infusion technique. The MC4R deficiency suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity by 50% in addition to decreasing circulating adrenaline and renal GLUT2 levels in mice, which contributed to the elevated glucosuria. We further report that adrenaline-deficient mice recapitulated the increased excretion of glucose in urine observed in the MC4R-deficient mice. Restoration of circulating adrenaline in both the MC4R- and adrenaline-deficient mice reversed their phenotype of improved glucose tolerance and elevated glucosuria, demonstrating the role of adrenaline in mediating the effects of MC4R on glucose reabsorption. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings define a previously unrecognised function of hypothalamic MC4R in glucose reabsorption mediated by adrenaline and renal GLUT2. Taken together, our findings indicate that elevated glucosuria due to low sympathetic tone explains why MC4R deficiency does not cause hyperglycaemia despite inducing obesity and insulin resistance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Maria de Souza Cordeiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Arwa Elsheikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nagavardhini Devisetty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven N Ebert
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kavaljit H Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Structural Complexity and Plasticity of Signaling Regulation at the Melanocortin-4 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165728. [PMID: 32785054 PMCID: PMC7460885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), essential for regulation of appetite and metabolism. Pathogenic inactivating MC4R mutations are the most frequent cause of monogenic obesity, a growing medical and socioeconomic problem worldwide. The MC4R mediates either ligand-independent or ligand-dependent signaling. Agonists such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induce anorexigenic effects, in contrast to the endogenous inverse agonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP), which causes orexigenic effects by suppressing high basal signaling activity. Agonist action triggers the binding of different subtypes of G proteins and arrestins, leading to concomitant induction of diverse intracellular signaling cascades. An increasing number of experimental studies have unraveled molecular properties and mechanisms of MC4R signal transduction related to physiological and pathophysiological aspects. In addition, the MC4R crystal structure was recently determined at 2.75 Å resolution in an inactive state bound with a peptide antagonist. Underpinned by structural homology models of MC4R complexes simulating a presumably active-state conformation compared to the structure of the inactive state, we here briefly summarize the current understanding and key players involved in the MC4R switching process between different activity states. Finally, these perspectives highlight the complexity and plasticity in MC4R signaling regulation and identify gaps in our current knowledge.
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da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, Hall JE. Melanocortin-4 Receptors and Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:46. [PMID: 31028563 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the role of the brain melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Although excess weight gain is associated with at least two thirds of primary hypertension cases, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain the subject of intense investigation. Multiple studies demonstrate an important role for increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in development and maintenance of hypertension, and that the brain MC4R modulates SNS activity to thermogenic, cardiovascular, and kidney tissues. These studies also support the concept that MC4R activation is critical for obesity-induced hypertension as well as other forms of hypertension associated with increased SNS activity. MC4R is a potential target for antiobesity therapy, although there are challenges in using MC4R agonists to induce weight loss without evoking increases in SNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Xu H, Yang L, Yuan F, Li L, Xu Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Lin G. Melanocortin Receptor 4 Signaling Regulates Vertebrate Limb Regeneration. Dev Cell 2018; 46:397-409.e5. [PMID: 30130530 PMCID: PMC6107305 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) plays a crucial role in the central control of energy homeostasis, but its role in peripheral organs has not been fully explored. We have investigated the roles of hypothalamus-mediated energy metabolism during Xenopus limb regeneration. We report that hypothalamus injury inhibits Xenopus tadpole limb regeneration. By loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, we show that Mc4r signaling is required for limb regeneration in regeneration-competent tadpoles and stimulates limb regeneration in later-stage regeneration-defective tadpoles. It regulates limb regeneration through modulating energy homeostasis and ROS production. Even more interestingly, our results demonstrate that Mc4r signaling is regulated by innervation and α-MSH substitutes for the effect of nerves in limb regeneration. Mc4r signaling is also required for mouse digit regeneration. Thus, our findings link vertebrate limb regeneration with Mc4r-mediated energy homeostasis and provide a new avenue for understanding Mc4r signaling in the peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Youwei Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hanqian Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Gufa Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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