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Flores-Sotelo I, Juárez N, González MI, Chávez A, Vannan DT, Eksteen B, Terrazas LI, Reyes JL. Endogenous innate sensor NLRP3 is a key component in peritoneal macrophage dynamics required for cestode establishment. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09496-3. [PMID: 38842647 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The NLRP3 receptor can assemble inflammasome platforms to trigger inflammatory responses; however, accumulating evidence suggests that it can also display anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we explored the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) in Taenia crassiceps experimental infection, which requires immune polarization into a Th2-type profile and peritoneal influx of suppressive macrophages for successful colonization. NLRP3 deficient mice (NLRP3-/-) were highly resistant against T. crassiceps, relative to wild-type (WT) mice. Resistance in NLRP3-/- mice was associated with a diminished IL-4 output, high levels of IL-15, growth factor for both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, and a dramatic decrease in peritoneum-infiltrating suppressive macrophages. Also, a transcriptional analysis on bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to Taenia-secreted antigens and IL-4 revealed that NLRP3-/- macrophages express reduced transcripts of relm-α and PD-1 ligands, markers of alternative activation and suppressive ability, respectively. Finally, we found that the resistance displayed by NLRP3-/- mice is transferred through intestinal microbiota exchange, since WT mice co-housed with NLRP3-/- mice were significantly more resistant than WT animals preserving their native microbiota. Altogether, these data demonstrate that NLRP3 is a component of innate immunity required for T. crassiceps to establish, most likely contributing to macrophage recruitment, and controlling lymphocyte-stimulating cytokines such as IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irán Flores-Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES, Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Natalia Juárez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES, Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES, Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Auraamellaly Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES, Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Danielle T Vannan
- Boston Scientific Corporation, Urology Division, 200 Boston Scientific Way, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | - Luis I Terrazas
- Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES, Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico.
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2
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Grezzi L, Martínez YE, Barrios AA, Díaz Á, Casaravilla C. Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus during chronic experimental infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0027623. [PMID: 38174942 PMCID: PMC10863420 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00276-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus causes the chronic infection known as cystic echinococcosis, deploying strong inhibitory mechanisms on host immune responses. Using experimental intraperitoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice, we carried out an in-depth analysis of the local changes in macrophage populations associated with chronic infection. In addition, we analyzed T cells and relevant soluble mediators. Infected animals showed an increase in local cell numbers, mostly accounted for by eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages. Within macrophage populations, the largest increases in cell numbers corresponded to resident large peritoneal macrophages (LPM). Monocyte recruitment appeared to be active, as judged by the increased number of monocytes and cells in the process of differentiation towards LPM, including small (SPM) and converting peritoneal macrophages (CPM). In contrast, we found no evidence of macrophage proliferation. Infection induced the expression of M2 markers in SPM, CPM, and LPM. It also enhanced the expression of the co-inhibitor PD-L1 in LPM, SPM, and CPM and induced the co-inhibitor PD-L2 in SPM and CPM. Therefore, local macrophages acquire M2-like phenotypes with probable suppressive capacities. Regarding T cells, infection induced an increase in the percentage of CD4+ cells that are PD-1+, which represent a potential target of suppression by PD-L1+/PD-L2+ macrophages. In possible agreement, CD4+ T cells from infected animals showed blunted proliferative responses to in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3. Further evidence of immune suppression in the parasite vicinity arose from the observation of an expansion in FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells and increases in the local concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-1Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Grezzi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yamila E. Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anabella A. Barrios
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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3
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Han J, Gallerand A, Erlich EC, Helmink BA, Mair I, Li X, Eckhouse SR, Dimou FM, Shakhsheer BA, Phelps HM, Chan MM, Mintz RL, Lee DD, Schilling JD, Finlay CM, Allen JE, Jakubzick CV, Else KJ, Onufer EJ, Zhang N, Randolph GJ. Human serous cavity macrophages and dendritic cells possess counterparts in the mouse with a distinct distribution between species. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:155-165. [PMID: 38102487 PMCID: PMC10990619 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In mouse peritoneal and other serous cavities, the transcription factor GATA6 drives the identity of the major cavity resident population of macrophages, with a smaller subset of cavity-resident macrophages dependent on the transcription factor IRF4. Here we showed that GATA6+ macrophages in the human peritoneum were rare, regardless of age. Instead, more human peritoneal macrophages aligned with mouse CD206+ LYVE1+ cavity macrophages that represent a differentiation stage just preceding expression of GATA6. A low abundance of CD206+ macrophages was retained in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and in wild-captured mice, suggesting that differences between serous cavity-resident macrophages in humans and mice were not environmental. IRF4-dependent mouse serous cavity macrophages aligned closely with human CD1c+CD14+CD64+ peritoneal cells, which, in turn, resembled human peritoneal CD1c+CD14-CD64- cDC2. Thus, major populations of serous cavity-resident mononuclear phagocytes in humans and mice shared common features, but the proportions of different macrophage differentiation stages greatly differ between the two species, and dendritic cell (DC2)-like cells were especially prominent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandre Gallerand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iris Mair
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Shaina R Eckhouse
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca M Dimou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baddr A Shakhsheer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Phelps
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mandy M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Mintz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Pang J, Koh TJ. Proliferation of monocytes and macrophages in homeostasis, infection, injury, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:532-546. [PMID: 37555460 PMCID: PMC10673715 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mφ) play important roles in the function of tissues, organs, and systems of all animals during homeostasis, infection, injury, and disease. For decades, conventional wisdom has dictated that Mo and Mφ are end-stage cells that do not proliferate and that Mφ accumulation in tissues is the result of infiltration of Mo from the blood and subsequent differentiation to Mφ. However, reports from the early 1900s to the present describe evidence of Mo and Mφ proliferation in different tissues and contexts. The purpose of this review is to summarize both historical and current evidence for the contribution of Mφ proliferation to their accumulation in different tissues during homeostasis, infection, injury, and disease. Mφ proliferate in different organs and tissues, including skin, peritoneum, lung, heart, aorta, kidney, liver, pancreas, brain, spinal cord, eye, adipose tissue, and uterus, and in different species including mouse, rat, rabbit, and human. Mφ can proliferate at different stages of differentiation with infiltrating Mo-like cells proliferating in certain inflammatory contexts (e.g. skin wounding, kidney injury, bladder and liver infection) and mature resident Mφ proliferating in other inflammatory contexts (e.g. nematode infection, acetaminophen liver injury) and during homeostasis. The pathways involved in stimulating Mφ proliferation also may be context dependent, with different cytokines and transcription factors implicated in different studies. Although Mφ are known to proliferate in health, injury, and disease, much remains to be learned about the regulation of Mφ proliferation in different contexts and its impact on the homeostasis, injury, and repair of different organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Pang
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7246, United States
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7246, United States
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5
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Saglani S, Yates L, Lloyd CM. Immunoregulation of asthma by type 2 cytokine therapies: Treatments for all ages? Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249919. [PMID: 36932669 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is classically considered to be a disease of type 2 immune dysfunction, since many patients exhibit the consequences of excess secretion of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 concomitant with inflammation typified by eosinophils. Mouse and human disease models have determined that many of the canonical pathophysiologic features of asthma may be caused by these disordered type 2 immune pathways. As such considerable efforts have been made to develop specific drugs targeting key cytokines. There are currently available multiple biologic agents that successfully reduce the functions of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in patients, and many improve the course of severe asthma. However, none are curative and do not always minimize the key features of disease, such as airway hyperresponsiveness. Here, we review the current therapeutic landscape targeting type 2 immune cytokines and discuss evidence of efficacy and limitations of their use in adults and children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Yates
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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6
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Finlay CM, Parkinson JE, Zhang L, Chan BHK, Ajendra J, Chenery A, Morrison A, Kaymak I, Houlder EL, Murtuza Baker S, Dickie BR, Boon L, Konkel JE, Hepworth MR, MacDonald AS, Randolph GJ, Rückerl D, Allen JE. T helper 2 cells control monocyte to tissue-resident macrophage differentiation during nematode infection of the pleural cavity. Immunity 2023; 56:1064-1081.e10. [PMID: 36948193 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent revolution in tissue-resident macrophage biology has resulted largely from murine studies performed in C57BL/6 mice. Here, using both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, we analyze immune cells in the pleural cavity. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, naive tissue-resident large-cavity macrophages (LCMs) of BALB/c mice failed to fully implement the tissue-residency program. Following infection with a pleural-dwelling nematode, these pre-existing differences were accentuated with LCM expansion occurring in C57BL/6, but not in BALB/c mice. While infection drove monocyte recruitment in both strains, only in C57BL/6 mice were monocytes able to efficiently integrate into the resident pool. Monocyte-to-macrophage conversion required both T cells and interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling. The transition to tissue residency altered macrophage function, and GATA6+ tissue-resident macrophages were required for host resistance to nematode infection. Therefore, during tissue nematode infection, T helper 2 (Th2) cells control the differentiation pathway of resident macrophages, which determines infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - James E Parkinson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lili Zhang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brian H K Chan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair Chenery
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anya Morrison
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emma L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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7
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Díaz Á, Barrios AA, Grezzi L, Mouhape C, Jenkins SJ, Allen JE, Casaravilla C. Immunology of a unique biological structure: the Echinococcus laminated layer. Protein Cell 2023; 14:87-104. [PMID: 36929004 PMCID: PMC10019577 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal species. The resulting diseases, collectively termed echinococcoses, include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and livestock. Echinococcus larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer (LL), an acellular structure that is unique to this genus. The LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins, which are decorated by galactose-rich O-glycans. In addition, in the species cluster termed E. granulosus sensu lato, the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (Insp6). The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the LL. Major recent advances in this area are (i) the demonstration of LL "debris" at the infection site and draining lymph nodes, (ii) the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Insp6 with respect to complement, (iii) the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells (Clec4F), and (iv) the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and macrophages. Much information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure: we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabella A Barrios
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Grezzi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Mouhape
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JU, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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8
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Gao X, Kady N, Wang C, Abdelrahman S, Gann P, Sverdlov M, Wolfe A, Brown N, Reneau J, Robida AM, Murga-Zamalloa C, Wilcox RA. Targeting Lymphoma-associated Macrophage Expansion via CSF1R/JAK Inhibition is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1727-1737. [PMID: 36970721 PMCID: PMC10035520 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reciprocal relationship between malignant T cells and lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAM) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unique, as LAMs are well poised to provide ligands for antigen, costimulatory, and cytokine receptors that promote T-cell lymphoma growth. Conversely, malignant T cells promote the functional polarization and homeostatic survival of LAM. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which LAMs are a therapeutic vulnerability in these lymphomas, and to identify effective therapeutic strategies for their depletion. We utilized complementary genetically engineered mouse models and primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) specimens to quantify LAM expansion and proliferation. A high-throughput screen was performed to identify targeted agents that effectively deplete LAM within the context of PTCL. We observed that LAMs are dominant constituents of the TME in PTCL. Furthermore, their dominance was explained, at least in part, by their proliferation and expansion in response to PTCL-derived cytokines. Importantly, LAMs are a true dependency in these lymphomas, as their depletion significantly impaired PTCL progression. These findings were extrapolated to a large cohort of human PTCL specimens where LAM proliferation was observed. A high-throughput screen demonstrated that PTCL-derived cytokines led to relative resistance to CSF1R selective inhibitors, and culminated in the identification of dual CSF1R/JAK inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to deplete LAM in these aggressive lymphomas. Malignant T cells promote the expansion and proliferation of LAM, which are a bone fide dependency in these lymphomas, and are effectively depleted with a dual CSF1R/JAK inhibitor. Significance LAMs are a therapeutic vulnerability, as their depletion impairs T-cell lymphoma disease progression. Pacritinib, a dual CSF1R/JAK inhibitor, effectively impaired LAM viability and expansion, prolonged survival in preclinical T-cell lymphoma models, and is currently being investigated as a novel therapeutic approach in these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nermin Kady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suhaib Abdelrahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Michigan
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Michigan
| | - Ashley Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Noah Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Reneau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aaron M. Robida
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Ryan A. Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Remion E, Gal J, Chaouch S, Rodrigues J, Lhermitte-Vallarino N, Alonso J, Kohl L, Hübner MP, Fercoq F, Martin C. Unbalanced Arginine pathway and altered maturation of pleural macrophages in Th2-deficient mice during Litomosoides sigmodontis filarial infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866373. [PMID: 36353644 PMCID: PMC9637854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial parasites are tissue dwelling worms transmitted by hematophagous vectors. Understanding the mechanisms regulating microfilariae (the parasite offspring) development is a prerequisite for controlling transmission in filarial infections. Th2 immune responses are key for building efficient anti-parasite responses but have been shown to also lead to detrimental tissue damage in the presence of microfilariae. Litomosoides sigmodontis, a rodent filaria residing in the pleural cavity was therefore used to characterize pleuropulmonary pathology and associated immune responses in wild-type and Th2 deficient mice. Wild-type and Th2-deficient mice (Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/-) were infected with L. sigmodontis and parasite outcome was analyzed during the patent phase (when microfilariae are in the general circulation). Pleuropulmonary manifestations were investigated and pleural and bronchoalveolar cells were characterized by RNA analysis, imaging and/or flow cytometry focusing on macrophages. Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice were hypermicrofilaremic and showed an enhanced filarial survival but also displayed a drastic reduction of microfilaria-driven pleural cavity pathologies. In parallel, pleural macrophages from Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice lacked expression of prototypical alternative activation markers RELMα and Chil3 and showed an altered balance of some markers of the arginine metabolic pathway. In addition, monocytes-derived F4/80intermediate macrophages from infected Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice failed to mature into resident F4/80high large macrophages. Altogether these data emphasize that the presence of both microfilariae and IL-4R/IL-5 signaling are critical in the development of the pathology and in the phenotype of macrophages. In Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice, the balance is in favor of parasite development while limiting the pathology associated with the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Remion
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Gal
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jules Rodrigues
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathaly Lhermitte-Vallarino
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joy Alonso
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Linda Kohl
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frédéric Fercoq
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Coralie Martin,
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10
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Sahputra R, Dejyong K, Woolf AS, Mack M, Allen JE, Rückerl D, Herrick SE. Monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophages protect C57BL/6 mice against surgery-induced adhesions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000491. [PMID: 36275765 PMCID: PMC9583908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions commonly occur after abdominal or pelvic surgery. These scars join internal organs to each other or to the cavity wall and can present with abdominal or pelvic pain, and bowel obstruction or female infertility. The mechanisms underlying adhesion formation remain unclear and thus, effective treatments are not forthcoming. Peritoneal macrophages accumulate after surgery and previous studies have attributed either pro- or anti-scarring properties to these cells. We propose that there are complex and nuanced responses after surgery with respect to both resident and also monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophage subpopulations. Moreover, we contend that differences in responses of specific macrophage subpopulations in part explain the risk of developing peritoneal scars. We characterized alterations in peritoneal macrophage subpopulations after surgery-induced injury using two strains of mice, BALB/c and C57BL/6, with known differences in macrophage response post-infection. At 14 days post-surgery, BALB/c mice displayed more adhesions compared with C57BL/6 mice. This increase in scarring correlated with a lower influx of monocyte-derived macrophages at day 3 post-surgery. Moreover, BALB/c mice showed distinct macrophage repopulation dynamics after surgery. To confirm a role for monocyte-derived macrophages, we used Ccr2-deficient mice as well as antibody-mediated depletion of CCR2 expressing cells during initial stages of adhesion formation. Both Ccr2-deficient and CCR2-depleted mice showed a significant increase in adhesion formation associated with the loss of peritoneal monocyte influx. These findings revealed an important protective role for monocyte-derived cells in reducing adhesion formation after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinal Sahputra
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Krittee Dejyong
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Adrian S. Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Herrick
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Horn S, Ritter M, Arndts K, Borrero-Wolff D, Wiszniewsky A, Debrah LB, Debrah AY, Osei-Mensah J, Chachage M, Hoerauf A, Kroidl I, Layland LE. Filarial Lymphedema Patients Are Characterized by Exhausted CD4 + T Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:767306. [PMID: 35071034 PMCID: PMC8770542 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.767306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 200 million people are infected with filariae which can cause severe symptoms leading to reduced quality of life and contribute to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In particular, lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti can lead to lymphedema (LE) and consequently presents a serious health problem. To understand why only a fraction of the infected individuals develop pathology, it is essential to understand how filariae regulate host immunity. The central role of T cells for immunity against filariae has been shown in several studies. However, there is little knowledge about T cell exhaustion, which causes T cell dysfunction and impaired immune responses, in this group of individuals. Recently, we showed that LE patients from Ghana harbor distinct patterns of exhausted effector and memory CD8+ T cell subsets. Based on these findings, we now characterized CD4+ T cell subsets from the same Ghanaian patient cohort by analyzing distinct markers within a 13-colour flow cytometry panel. We revealed that LE patients had increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing exhaustion-associated receptors such as KLRG-1, TIM-3 and PD-1 compared to healthy endemic normal and W. bancrofti-infected individuals. Moreover, CD4+ T cells in LE patients were characterized by distinct co-expression patterns of inhibitory receptors. Collectively with the previous findings on CD8+ T cell exhaustion patterns, the data shown here demonstrates that filarial LE patients harbor distinct subsets of exhausted T cells. Thus, T cell exhaustion patterns in LE patients need attention especially in regards to susceptibility of concomitant infections and should be taken into consideration for LE management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Arndts
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Borrero-Wolff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Wiszniewsky
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Filariasis Unit, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Y Debrah
- Filariasis Unit, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jubin Osei-Mensah
- Filariasis Unit, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner Site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner Site, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner Site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Risch F, Ritter M, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Human filariasis-contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4125-4143. [PMID: 33547508 PMCID: PMC8599372 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Filariae are vector-borne parasitic nematodes that are endemic worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions. Important human filariae spp. include Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp., and Loa loa and Mansonella spp. causing onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema and hydrocele), loiasis (eye worm), and mansonelliasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 1 billion individuals live in endemic regions where filarial diseases are a public health concern contributing to significant disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Thus, efforts to control and eliminate filarial diseases were already launched by the WHO in the 1970s, especially against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, and are mainly based on mass drug administration (MDA) of microfilaricidal drugs (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole) to filarial endemic areas accompanied with vector control strategies with the goal to reduce the transmission. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it was decided to eliminate transmission of onchocerciasis and stop lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2030. It was also requested that novel drugs and treatment strategies be developed. Mouse models provide an important platform for anti-filarial drug research in a preclinical setting. This review presents an overview about the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae filarial mouse models and their role in immunological research as well as preclinical studies about novel anti-filarial drugs and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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13
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Stanojević S, Blagojević V, Ćuruvija I, Vujić V. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Affects Rat Peritoneal Cavity Cell Response to Stimulation with Gut Microbiota: Focus on the Host Innate Immunity. Inflammation 2021; 44:2429-2447. [PMID: 34505975 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota contribute to shaping the immune repertoire of the host, whereas probiotics may exert beneficial effects by modulating immune responses. Having in mind the differences in both the composition of gut microbiota and the immune response between rats of Albino Oxford (AO) and Dark Agouti (DA) rat strains, we investigated if intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of live Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LB) may influence peritoneal cavity cell response to in vitro treatments with selected microbiota in the rat strain-dependent manner. Peritoneal cavity cells from AO and DA rats were lavaged two (d2) and seven days (d7) following i.p. injection with LB and tested for NO, urea, and H2O2 release basally, or upon in vitro stimulation with autologous E.coli and Enterococcus spp. Whereas the single i.p. injection of LB nearly depleted resident macrophages and increased the proportion of small inflammatory macrophages and monocytes on d2 in both rat strains, greater proportion of MHCIIhiCD163- and CCR7+ cells and increased NO/diminished H2O2 release in DA compared with AO rats suggest a more intense inflammatory priming by LB in this rat strain. Even though E.coli- and/or Enterococcus spp.-induced rise in H2O2 release in vitro was abrogated by LB in cells from both rat strains, LB prevented microbiota-induced increase in NO/urea ratio only in cells from AO and augmented it in cells from DA rats. Thus, the immunomodulatory properties may not be constant for particular probiotic bacteria, but shaped by innate immunity of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stanojević
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ćuruvija
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vujić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Sutherland TE, Shaw TN, Lennon R, Herrick SE, Rückerl D. Ongoing Exposure to Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Alters Resident Peritoneal Macrophage Phenotype and Activation Propensity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715209. [PMID: 34386014 PMCID: PMC8353194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a more continuous alternative to haemodialysis, for patients with chronic kidney disease, with considerable initial benefits for survival, patient independence and healthcare costs. However, long-term PD is associated with significant pathology, negating the positive effects over haemodialysis. Importantly, peritonitis and activation of macrophages is closely associated with disease progression and treatment failure. However, recent advances in macrophage biology suggest opposite functions for macrophages of different cellular origins. While monocyte-derived macrophages promote disease progression in some models of fibrosis, tissue resident macrophages have rather been associated with protective roles. Thus, we aimed to identify the relative contribution of tissue resident macrophages to PD induced inflammation in mice. Unexpectedly, we found an incremental loss of homeostatic characteristics, anti-inflammatory and efferocytic functionality in peritoneal resident macrophages, accompanied by enhanced inflammatory responses to external stimuli. Moreover, presence of glucose degradation products within the dialysis fluid led to markedly enhanced inflammation and almost complete disappearance of tissue resident cells. Thus, alterations in tissue resident macrophages may render long-term PD patients sensitive to developing peritonitis and consequently fibrosis/sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E. Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tovah N. Shaw
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Herrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Jenkins SJ, Allen JE. The expanding world of tissue-resident macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1882-1896. [PMID: 34107057 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The term 'macrophage' encompasses tissue cells that typically share dependence on the same transcriptional regulatory pathways (e.g. the transcription factor PU.1) and growth factors (e.g. CSF1/IL-34). They share a core set of functions that largely arise from a uniquely high phagocytic capacity manifest in their ability to clear dying cells, pathogens and scavenge damaged, toxic or modified host molecules. However, macrophages demonstrate a remarkable degree of tissue-specific functionality and have diverse origins that vary by tissue site and inflammation status. With our understanding of this diversity has come an appreciation of the longevity and replicative capacity of tissue-resident macrophages and thus the realisation that macrophages may persist through tissue perturbations and inflammatory events with important consequences for cell function. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the parameters that regulate macrophage survival and function, focusing on the relative importance of the tissue environment versus cell-intrinsic factors, such as origin, how long a cell has been resident within a tissue and prior history of activation. Thus, we reconsider the view of macrophages as wholly plastic cells and raise many unanswered questions about the relative importance of cell life-history versus environment in macrophage programming and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Cunningham KT, Finlay CM, Mills KHG. Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1618-1630. [PMID: 33579723 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain proinflammatory stimuli can metabolically and epigenetically modify monocytes/macrophages or NK cells to be more responsive to secondary stimuli, a process known as trained innate immunity. However, the longevity of trained innate immunity is unclear. In this study, we report that Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products (FHES) can imprint an anti-inflammatory phenotype on long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and monocyte precursor populations, enhancing their proliferation and differentiation into anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow monocytes. These monocytes expand and populate multiple compartments within mice, conferring hyporesponsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli and reduced susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mice treated with FHES had enhanced alternatively activated macrophages, reduced Th1 and Th17 responses, and attenuating effects on autoimmunity that persisted for 8 mo. Furthermore, transplantation of HSCs from FHES-treated mice transferred the anti-inflammatory phenotype to naive mice. Our findings demonstrate that helminth products can modulate HSCs to promote development of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells that attenuate T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Cunningham
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
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17
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Cortes‐Selva D, Fairfax K. Schistosome and intestinal helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism. Immunology 2021; 162:123-134. [PMID: 32614982 PMCID: PMC7808165 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are fundamental to sustain physiological equilibrium and to regulate the pathogenesis of parasitic and metabolic processes. The functional heterogeneity and immune responses of macrophages are shaped by cellular metabolism in response to the host's intrinsic factors, environmental cues and other stimuli during disease. Parasite infections induce a complex cascade of cytokines and metabolites that profoundly remodel the metabolic status of macrophages. In particular, helminths polarize macrophages to an M2 state and induce a metabolic shift towards reliance on oxidative phosphorylation, lipid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. Accumulating data indicate that helminth-induced activation and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages underlie improvement in overall whole-body metabolism, denoted by improved insulin sensitivity, body mass in response to high-fat diet and atherogenic index in mammals. This review aims to highlight the metabolic changes that occur in human and murine-derived macrophages in response to helminth infections and helminth products, with particular interest in schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cortes‐Selva
- Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of PathologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Janssen BiotherapeuticsJanssen R&DSpring HousePAUSA
| | - Keke Fairfax
- Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of PathologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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18
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Mačak Kubašková T, Mudroňová D, Vargová M, Reiterová K, Hrčková G. Cellular and humoral peritoneal immunity to Mesocestoides vogae metacestode infection in mice. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:54. [PMID: 33461599 PMCID: PMC7814538 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, Mesocestoides (M.) vogae infection in mice is proposed as a suitable experimental model for studying the immunity in the peritoneal cavity of mice. METHODS To investigate the kinetics of immune parameters in M. vogae-infected mice, we detected, using flow cytometry, the expression of selected lymphoid and myeloid markers within the peritoneal cell population at day 0, 3, 6, 10, 14, 19, 25, 30 and 35 post-infection. Then, using ELISA, we analyzed the cytokine IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10 responses and the levels of anti-M. vogae IgG and IgM antibodies in the peritoneal lavage fluid. Cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity were subjected to further molecular analysis. To assess cell activation, peritoneal cells were exposed to LPS, and culture supernatants were collected and assayed for the level of cytokines and production of nitrite. Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ cells were isolated using MACS from the peritoneal cells at day 35 post-infection. Both MACS-isolated subsets were co-cultured with preactivated T cells to measure their suppressive capacity. Next, the role of parasite excretory-secretory antigens in induction of CD11b+ myeloid cells with the suppressive phenotype and the production of IL-10 was examined. RESULTS In the peritoneal cavity an initial increase of CD11b+Gr-1+F4/80highMHC IIhigh cells, NK, NKT cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was observed in the first week of infection. At day 14 post-infection, an increase in the number of myeloid CD11b+Gr-1+ cells was detected, and most of this cell population expressed low levels of F4/80 and MHC II in later stages of infection, suggesting the impairment of antigen-presenting cell functions, probably through the excretory-secretory molecules. Moreover, we confirmed that peritoneal Gr1+ cells (Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ population) are phenotypically and functionally consistent with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Metacestode infection elicited high levels of IL-10 and upregulated STAT-3 in peritoneal cells. A higher level of IgM suggests that this isotype may be predominant and is involved in the host protection. CONCLUSIONS Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia induced the recruitment of immunosuppressive cell subsets, which may play a key role in the downregulation of immune response in long-term parasitic diseases, and excretory-secretory antigens seem to be the main regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Mačak Kubašková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Vargová
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.,The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Reiterová
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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Fercoq F, Remion E, Vallarino-Lhermitte N, Alonso J, Raveendran L, Nixon C, Le Quesne J, Carlin LM, Martin C. Microfilaria-dependent thoracic pathology associated with eosinophilic and fibrotic polyps in filaria-infected rodents. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:551. [PMID: 33160409 PMCID: PMC7648300 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary manifestations are regularly reported in both human and animal filariasis. In human filariasis, the main known lung manifestations are the tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. Its duration and severity are correlated with the presence of microfilariae. Litomosoides sigmodontis is a filarial parasite residing in the pleural cavity of rodents. This model is widely used to understand the immune mechanisms that are established during infection and for the screening of therapeutic molecules. Some pulmonary manifestations during the patent phase of infection with L. sigmodontis have been described in different rodent hosts more or less permissive to infection. METHODS Here, the permissive Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was infected with L. sigmodontis. Prevalence and density of microfilariae and adult parasites were evaluated. Lungs were analyzed for pathological signatures using immunohistochemistry and 3D imaging techniques (two-photon and light sheet microscopy). RESULTS Microfilaremia in gerbils was correlated with parasite load, as amicrofilaremic individuals had fewer parasites in their pleural cavities. Fibrotic polypoid structures were observed on both pleurae of infected gerbils. Polyps were of variable size and developed from the visceral mesothelium over the entire pleura. The larger polyps were vascularized and strongly infiltrated by immune cells such as eosinophils, macrophages or lymphocytes. The formation of these structures was induced by the presence of adult filariae since small and rare polyps were observed before patency, but they were exacerbated by the presence of gravid females and microfilariae. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data emphasize the role of host-specific factors in the pathogenesis of filarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fercoq
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Estelle Remion
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathaly Vallarino-Lhermitte
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joy Alonso
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lisy Raveendran
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Leo M Carlin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1GH, UK
| | - Coralie Martin
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, P52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
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20
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Heterogeneity in the initiation, development and function of type 2 immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:603-614. [PMID: 32367051 PMCID: PMC9773851 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses operate under varying conditions in distinct tissue environments and are crucial for protection against helminth infections and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we explore how different layers of heterogeneity influence type 2 immunity. Distinct insults, such as allergens or infections, can induce type 2 immune responses through diverse mechanisms, and this can have heterogeneous consequences, ranging from acute or chronic inflammation to deficits in immune regulation and tissue repair. Technological advances have provided new insights into the molecular heterogeneity of different developmental lineages of type 2 immune cells. Genetic and environmental heterogeneity also contributes to the varying magnitude and quality of the type 2 immune response during infection, which is an important determinant of the balance between pathology and disease resolution. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of type 2 immune responses between individuals and between different tissues will be crucial for treating diseases in which type 2 immunity is an important component.
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21
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Tang MS, Miraldi ER, Girgis NM, Bonneau RA, Loke P. Alternative Activation of Macrophages Is Accompanied by Chromatin Remodeling Associated with Lineage-Dependent DNA Shape Features Flanking PU.1 Motifs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1070-1083. [PMID: 32661179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 activates macrophages to adopt distinct phenotypes associated with clearance of helminth infections and tissue repair, but the phenotype depends on the cellular lineage of these macrophages. The molecular basis of chromatin remodeling in response to IL-4 stimulation in tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages is not understood. In this study, we find that IL-4 activation of different lineages of peritoneal macrophages in mice is accompanied by lineage-specific chromatin remodeling in regions enriched with binding motifs of the pioneer transcription factor PU.1. PU.1 motif is similarly associated with both tissue-resident and monocyte-derived IL-4-induced accessible regions but has different lineage-specific DNA shape features and predicted cofactors. Mutation studies based on natural genetic variation between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains indicate that accessibility of these IL-4-induced regions can be regulated through differences in DNA shape without direct disruption of PU.1 motifs. We propose a model whereby DNA shape features of stimulation-dependent genomic elements contribute to differences in the accessible chromatin landscape of alternatively activated macrophages on different genetic backgrounds that may contribute to phenotypic variations in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei San Tang
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Richard A Bonneau
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003.,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10011; and
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; .,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10011; and.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
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22
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Lohrmann F, Forde AJ, Merck P, Henneke P. Control of myeloid cell density in barrier tissues. FEBS J 2020; 288:405-426. [PMID: 32502309 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interface between the mammalian host and its environment is formed by barrier tissues, for example, of the skin, and the respiratory and the intestinal tracts. On the one hand, barrier tissues are colonized by site-adapted microbial communities, and on the other hand, they contain specific myeloid cell networks comprising macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. These immune cells are tightly regulated in function and cell number, indicating important roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune balance in the presence of commensal microorganisms. The regulation of myeloid cell density and activation involves cell-autonomous 'single-loop circuits' including autocrine mechanisms. However, an array of microenvironmental factors originating from nonimmune cells and the microbiota, as well as the microanatomical structure, impose additional layers of regulation onto resident myeloid cells. This review discusses models integrating these factors into cell-specific programs to instruct differentiation and proliferation best suited for the maintenance and renewal of immune homeostasis in the tissue-specific environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florens Lohrmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron J Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, university of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Merck
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Rückerl D, Cook PC. Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL-4R during schistosomiasis? Eur J Immunol 2020; 49:996-1000. [PMID: 31267552 PMCID: PMC6771897 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections are a global health burden in humans and livestock and are considered to be a major evolutionary driver of type 2 immunity (orchestrated by type 2 cytokines, e.g., IL‐4 and IL‐13). Upon infection, helminths cause substantial damage to mucosal tissues as they migrate within the host and elicit crucial protective immune mechanisms. Macrophages, essential innate cells, are known to adopt a specific activation status (termed M(IL‐4)) in type 2 cytokine environments. Yet, the role of these macrophages in mediating protective immune/wound healing responses to helminths is unclear. Furthermore, macrophage subsets can be very heterogenous (linked to their differing cellular origins) and the relative role of these subsets in the context of M(IL‐4) activation to helminth infection is unknown. An article by Rolot et al. in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2019. 49: 1067–1081] uses a variety of transgenic murine strains to revise our understanding of the complexity of how these subsets undergo M(IL‐4) activation and participate in wound healing responses in helminth infection. Here we highlight that consideration of different macrophage subsets in mucosal tissues is essential when evaluating the functional role of M(IL‐4) macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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24
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Coakley G, Harris NL. Interactions between macrophages and helminths. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12717. [PMID: 32249432 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the major population of tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes, contribute significantly to the immune response during helminth infection. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) are induced early in the anti-helminth response following tissue insult and parasite recognition, amplifying the early type 2 immune cascade initiated by epithelial cells and ILC2s, and subsequently driving parasite expulsion. AAM also contribute to functional alterations in tissues infiltrated with helminth larvae, mediating both tissue repair and inflammation. Their activation is amplified and occurs more rapidly following reinfection, where they can play a dual role in trapping tissue migratory larvae and preventing or resolving the associated inflammation and damage. In this review, we will address both the known and emerging roles of tissue macrophages during helminth infection, in addition to considering both outstanding research questions and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Laraine Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Finlay CM, Allen JE. The immune response of inbred laboratory mice to Litomosoides sigmodontis: A route to discovery in myeloid cell biology. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12708. [PMID: 32145033 PMCID: PMC7317388 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filarial nematode where the full life cycle, from larval delivery to the skin through to circulating microfilaria, can be completed in immunocompetent laboratory mice. It is thus an invaluable tool for the study of filariasis. It has been used for the study of novel anti‐helminthic therapeutics, the development of vaccines against filariasis, the development of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disease and the study of basic immune responses to filarial nematodes. This review will focus on the latter and aims to summarize how the L sigmodontis model has advanced our basic understanding of immune responses to helminths, led to major discoveries in macrophage biology and provided new insights into the immunological functions of the pleural cavity. Finally, and most importantly L sigmodontis represents a suitable platform to study how host genotype affects immune responses, with the potential for further discovery in myeloid cell biology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Knipper JA, Ivens A, Taylor MD. Helminth-induced Th2 cell dysfunction is distinct from exhaustion and is maintained in the absence of antigen. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007908. [PMID: 31815932 PMCID: PMC6922449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-intrinsic regulation, such as anergy, adaptive tolerance and exhaustion, is central to immune regulation. In contrast to Type 1 and Type 17 settings, knowledge of the intrinsic fate and function of Th2 cells in chronic Type 2 immune responses is lacking. We previously showed that Th2 cells develop a PD-1/PD-L2-dependent intrinsically hypo-responsive phenotype during infection with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis, denoted by impaired functionality and parasite killing. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional changes underlying Th2 cell-intrinsic hypo-responsiveness, and whether it represents a unique and stable state of Th2 cell differentiation. We demonstrated that intrinsically hypo-responsive Th2 cells isolated from L. sigmodontis infected mice stably retained their dysfunctional Th2 phenotype upon transfer to naïve recipients, and had a divergent transcriptional profile to classical Th2 cells isolated prior to hypo-responsiveness and from mice exposed to acute Type 2 stimuli. Hypo-responsive Th2 cells displayed a distinct transcriptional profile to exhausted CD4+ T cells, but upregulated Blimp-1 and the anergy/regulatory-associated transcription factors Egr2 and c-Maf, and shared characteristics with tolerised T cells. Hypo-responsive Th2 cells increased mRNA expression of the soluble regulatory factors Fgl2, Cd38, Spp1, Areg, Metrnl, Lgals3, and Csf1, and a subset developed a T-bet+IFN-γ+ Th2/Th1 hybrid phenotype, indicating that they were not functionally inert. Contrasting with their lost ability to produce Th2 cytokines, hypo-responsive Th2 cells gained IL-21 production and IL-21R blockade enhanced resistance to L. sigmodontis. IL-21R blockade also increased the proportion of CD19+PNA+ germinal centre B cells and serum levels of parasite specific IgG1. This indicates a novel regulatory role for IL-21 during filarial infection, both in controlling protection and B cell responses. Thus, Th2 cell-intrinsic hypo-responsiveness is a distinct and stable state of Th2 cell differentiation associated with a switch from a classically active IL-4+IL-5+ Th2 phenotype, to a non-classical dysfunctional and potentially regulatory IL-21+Egr2+c-Maf+Blimp-1+IL-4loIL-5loT-bet+IFN-γ+ Th2 phenotype. This divergence towards alternate Th2 phenotypes during chronicity has broad implications for the outcomes and treatment of chronic Type 2-related infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. Knipper
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dong D, Chen C, Hou J, Yang K, Fang H, Jiang H, Guo F, Wu X, Chen X. KLF4 upregulation is involved in alternative macrophage activation during secondary
Echinococcus granulosus
infection. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12666. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Congzhe Chen
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Hairui Fang
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Hongqun Jiang
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
- Laboratory of Transitional Medicine School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shihezi University Shihezi, Xinjiang China
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28
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Toor IS, Rückerl D, Mair I, Thomson A, Rossi AG, Newby DE, Allen JE, Gray GA. Enhanced monocyte recruitment and delayed alternative macrophage polarization accompanies impaired repair following myocardial infarction in C57BL/6 compared to BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:83-93. [PMID: 31119724 PMCID: PMC6718279 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune response following myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for infarct repair. Preclinical models of MI commonly use C57BL/6 mice, which have a type 1‐dominant immune response, whereas other mouse strains such as BALB/c mice have a type 2‐dominant immune response. We compared C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to investigate whether predisposition towards a proinflammatory phenotype influences the dynamics of the innate immune response to MI and associated infarct healing and the risk of cardiac rupture. MI was induced by permanent coronary artery ligation in 12–15‐week‐old male wild‐type BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Prior to MI, C57BL/6 mice had a lower proportion of CD206+ anti‐inflammatory macrophages in the heart and an expanded blood pool of proinflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes in comparison to BALB/c mice. The systemic inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice following MI was more pronounced, with greater peripheral blood Ly6Chigh monocytosis, splenic Ly6Chigh monocyte mobilization and myeloid cell infiltration of pericardial adipose tissue. This led to an increased and prolonged macrophage accumulation, as well as delayed transition towards anti‐inflammatory macrophage polarization in the infarct zone and surrounding tissues of C57BL/6 mice. These findings accompanied a higher rate of mortality due to cardiac rupture in C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c mice. We conclude that lower post‐MI survival of C57BL/6 mice over BALB/c mice is mediated in part by a more pronounced and prolonged inflammatory response. Outcomes in BALB/c mice highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating resolution of the innate immune response following MI for the benefit of successful infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Toor
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Rückerl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Mair
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Thomson
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J E Allen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G A Gray
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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29
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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30
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The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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31
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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32
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Hume DA, Irvine KM, Pridans C. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System: The Relationship between Monocytes and Macrophages. Trends Immunol 2018; 40:98-112. [PMID: 30579704 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is defined as a cell lineage in which committed marrow progenitors give rise to blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. Here, we discuss the concept of self-proscribed macrophage territories and homeostatic regulation of tissue macrophage abundance through growth factor availability. Recent studies have questioned the validity of the MPS model and argued that tissue-resident macrophages are a separate lineage seeded during development and maintained by self-renewal. We address this issue; discuss the limitations of inbred mouse models of monocyte-macrophage homeostasis; and summarize the evidence suggesting that during postnatal life, monocytes can replace resident macrophages in all major organs and adopt their tissue-specific gene expression. We conclude that the MPS remains a valid and accurate framework for understanding macrophage development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Röszer T. Understanding the Biology of Self-Renewing Macrophages. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080103. [PMID: 30096862 PMCID: PMC6115929 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages reside in specific territories in organs, where they contribute to the development, homeostasis, and repair of tissues. Recent work has shown that the size of tissue macrophage populations has an impact on tissue functions and is determined by the balance between replenishment and elimination. Macrophage replenishment is mainly due to self-renewal of macrophages, with a secondary contribution from blood monocytes. Self-renewal is a recently discovered trait of macrophages, which can have a major impact on their physiological functions and hence on the wellbeing of the organism. In this review, I discuss our current understanding of the developmental origin of self-renewing macrophages and the mechanisms used to maintain a physiologically stable macrophage pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2790627. [PMID: 30057915 PMCID: PMC6051086 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2790627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that adopt an important diversity of phenotypes in response to environmental cues. Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 in vitro was described as an opposite phenotype of classically activated macrophages, but the in vivo reality is much more complex. Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection.
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Roig J, Saiz ML, Galiano A, Trelis M, Cantalapiedra F, Monteagudo C, Giner E, Giner RM, Recio MC, Bernal D, Sánchez-Madrid F, Marcilla A. Extracellular Vesicles From the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Prevent DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in a T-Lymphocyte Independent Mode. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1036. [PMID: 29875750 PMCID: PMC5974114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) has led to the quest of empirically drug therapies, combining immunosuppressant agents, biological therapy and modulators of the microbiota. Helminth parasites have been proposed as an alternative treatment of these diseases based on the hygiene hypothesis, but ethical and medical problems arise. Recent reports have proved the utility of parasite materials, mainly excretory/secretory products as therapeutic agents. The identification of extracellular vesicles on those secreted products opens a new field of investigation, since they exert potent immunomodulating effects. To assess the effect of extracellular vesicles produced by helminth parasites to treat ulcerative colitis, we have analyzed whether extracellular vesicles produced by the parasitic helminth Fasciola hepatica can prevent colitis induced by chemical agents in a mouse model. Adult parasites were cultured in vitro and secreted extracellular vesicles were purified and used for immunizing both wild type C57BL/6 and RAG1-/- mice. Control and immunized mice groups were treated with dextran sulfate sodium 7 days after last immunization to promote experimental colitis. The severity of colitis was assessed by disease activity index and histopathological scores. Mucosal cytokine expression was evaluated by ELISA. The activation of NF-kB, COX-2, and MAPK were evaluated by immunoblotting. Administration of extracellular vesicles from F. hepatica ameliorates the pathological symptoms reducing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interfering with both MAPK and NF-kB pathways. Interestingly, the observed effects do not seem to be mediated by T-cells. Our results indicate that extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths can modulate immune responses in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, exerting a protective effect that should be mediated by other cells distinct from B- and T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Roig
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria L Saiz
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Galiano
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Trelis
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fernando Cantalapiedra
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Veterinari de Salut Pública, Centre de Salut Pública de Manises, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rosa M Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M C Recio
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Turner JD, Pionnier N, Furlong-Silva J, Sjoberg H, Cross S, Halliday A, Guimaraes AF, Cook DAN, Steven A, Van Rooijen N, Allen JE, Jenkins SJ, Taylor MJ. Interleukin-4 activated macrophages mediate immunity to filarial helminth infection by sustaining CCR3-dependent eosinophilia. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006949. [PMID: 29547639 PMCID: PMC5874077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are effectors in immunity to tissue helminths but also induce allergic immunopathology. Mechanisms of eosinophilia in non-mucosal tissues during infection remain unresolved. Here we identify a pivotal function of tissue macrophages (Mϕ) in eosinophil anti-helminth immunity using a BALB/c mouse intra-peritoneal Brugia malayi filarial infection model. Eosinophilia, via C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)3, was necessary for immunity as CCR3 and eosinophil impairments rendered mice susceptible to chronic filarial infection. Post-infection, peritoneal Mϕ populations proliferated and became alternatively-activated (AAMϕ). Filarial AAMϕ development required adaptive immunity and interleukin-4 receptor-alpha. Depletion of Mϕ prior to infection suppressed eosinophilia and facilitated worm survival. Add back of filarial AAMϕ in Mϕ-depleted mice recapitulated a vigorous eosinophilia. Transfer of filarial AAMϕ into Severe-Combined Immune Deficient mice mediated immunological resistance in an eosinophil-dependent manner. Exogenous IL-4 delivery recapitulated tissue AAMϕ expansions, sustained eosinophilia and mediated immunological resistance in Mϕ-intact SCID mice. Co-culturing Brugia with filarial AAMϕ and/or filarial-recruited eosinophils confirmed eosinophils as the larvicidal cell type. Our data demonstrates that IL-4/IL-4Rα activated AAMϕ orchestrate eosinophil immunity to filarial tissue helminth infection. Helminths parasitize approximately one quarter of the global population. Medically-important helminths, including filariae responsible for elephantiasis and river blindness, are targeted for elimination as a public health problem. Currently there are no vaccines or immunotherapeutics available for filarial worms or other human helminth pathogens. Here we define a cellular mechanism whereby the interlukin-4 dependent activation of tissue macrophages are essential to sustain the recruitment of larvicidal eosinophil granulocytes, leading to immunity against filarial infection at a sterile tissue site of parasitism. This work delineates the relative non-redundant functional roles of both myeloid cell types in ‘type-2’ immunity to helminth infection. The study represents a mechanistic advance in our understanding of how immunity operates against metazoan macroparasites invading sterile tissues and may be used in the rational design of new therapeutics to limit helminth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Turner
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Pionnier
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Furlong-Silva
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Sjoberg
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Cross
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Halliday
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana F. Guimaraes
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Darren A. N. Cook
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steven
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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