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Kohvakka A, Sattari M, Nättinen J, Aapola U, Gregorová P, Tammela TLJ, Uusitalo H, Sarin LP, Visakorpi T, Latonen L. Long noncoding RNA EPCART regulates translation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and PDCD4 in prostate cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00822-3. [PMID: 39147845 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
While hundreds of cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered, their functional role in cancer cells is still largely a mystery. An increasing number of lncRNAs are recognized to function in the cytoplasm, e.g., as modulators of translation. Here, we investigated the detailed molecular identity and functional role of EPCART, a lncRNA we previously discovered to be a potential oncogene in prostate cancer (PCa). First, we interrogated the transcript structure of EPCART and then confirmed EPCART to be a non-peptide-coding lncRNA using in silico methods. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed protein-coding genes in EPCART knockout cells implied that EPCART modulates the translational machinery of PCa cells. EPCART was also largely located in the cytoplasm and at the sites of translation. With quantitative proteome analysis on EPCART knockout cells we discovered PDCD4, an inhibitor of protein translation, to be increased by EPCART reduction. Further studies indicated that the inhibitory effect of EPCART silencing on translation was mediated by reduced activation of AKT and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway. Together, our findings identify EPCART as a translation-associated lncRNA that functions via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway in PCa cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the prognostic potential of PDCD4 in PCa tumors in connection with EPCART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kohvakka
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mina Sattari
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janika Nättinen
- Eye and Vision Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- Eye and Vision Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pavlína Gregorová
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Eye and Vision Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - L Peter Sarin
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, 00014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Hao Y, Gu C, Luo W, Shen J, Xie F, Zhao Y, Song X, Han Z, He J. The role of protein post-translational modifications in prostate cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17768. [PMID: 39148683 PMCID: PMC11326433 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Involving addition of chemical groups or protein units to specific residues of the target protein, post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the charge, hydrophobicity, and conformation of a protein, which in turn influences protein function, protein-protein interaction, and protein aggregation. These alterations, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation, lipidation, and lactylation, are significant biological events in the development of cancer, and play vital roles in numerous biological processes. The processes behind essential functions, the screening of clinical illness signs, and the identification of therapeutic targets all depend heavily on further research into the PTMs. This review outlines the influence of several PTM types on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis in an effort to shed fresh light on the molecular causes and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Hao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Gu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Uo T, Ojo KK, Sprenger CC, Soriano Epilepsia K, Perera BGK, Damodarasamy M, Sun S, Kim S, Hogan HH, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Whitman GR, Barrett LK, Michaels SA, Xu LH, Sun VL, Arnold SL, Pang HJ, Nguyen MM, Vigil ALB, Kamat V, Sullivan LB, Sweet IR, Vidadala R, Maly DJ, Van Voorhis WC, Plymate SR. A Compound That Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:973-994. [PMID: 38507737 PMCID: PMC11219269 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable regardless of recent therapeutic advances. Prostate cancer tumors display highly glycolytic phenotypes as the cancer progresses. Nonspecific inhibitors of glycolysis have not been utilized successfully for chemotherapy, because of their penchant to cause systemic toxicity. This study reports the preclinical activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a novel small-molecule preclinical candidate, BKIDC-1553, with antiglycolytic activity. We tested a large battery of prostate cancer cell lines for inhibition of cell proliferation, in vitro. Cell-cycle, metabolic, and enzymatic assays were used to demonstrate their mechanism of action. A human patient-derived xenograft model implanted in mice and a human organoid were studied for sensitivity to our BKIDC preclinical candidate. A battery of pharmacokinetic experiments, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion experiments, and in vitro and in vivo toxicology experiments were carried out to assess readiness for clinical trials. We demonstrate a new class of small-molecule inhibitors where antiglycolytic activity in prostate cancer cell lines is mediated through inhibition of hexokinase 2. These compounds display selective growth inhibition across multiple prostate cancer models. We describe a lead BKIDC-1553 that demonstrates promising activity in a preclinical xenograft model of advanced prostate cancer, equivalent to that of enzalutamide. BKIDC-1553 demonstrates safety and pharmacologic properties consistent with a compound that can be taken into human studies with expectations of a good safety margin and predicted dosing for efficacy. This work supports testing BKIDC-1553 and its derivatives in clinical trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia C.T. Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Kathryn Soriano Epilepsia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - B. Gayani K. Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Mamatha Damodarasamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Shihua Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hannah H. Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew A. Hulverson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Grant R. Whitman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Samantha A. Michaels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Linda H. Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Vicky L. Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Samuel L.M. Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Haley J. Pang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Matthew M. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anna-Lena B.G. Vigil
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Varun Kamat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Center, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lucas B. Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ian R. Sweet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Center, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ram Vidadala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dustin J. Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System; Seattle, Washington 98108, USA
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Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang L, Mi Y, Zuo L, Gao S. A first-in-class TIMM44 blocker inhibits bladder cancer cell growth. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:204. [PMID: 38467612 PMCID: PMC10928220 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a multifaceted role in supporting bladder cancer progression. Translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 (TIMM44) is essential for maintaining function and integrity of mitochondria. We here tested the potential effect of MB-10 (MitoBloCK-10), a first-in-class TIMM44 blocker, against bladder cancer cells. TIMM44 mRNA and protein expression is significantly elevated in both human bladder cancer tissues and cells. In both patient-derived primary bladder cancer cells and immortalized (T24) cell line, MB-10 exerted potent anti-cancer activity and inhibited cell viability, proliferation and motility. The TIMM44 blocker induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in bladder cancer cells, but failed to provoke cytotoxicity in primary bladder epithelial cells. MB-10 disrupted mitochondrial functions in bladder cancer cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress and ATP reduction. Whereas exogenously-added ATP and the antioxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine mitigated MB-10-induced cytotoxicity of bladder cancer cells. Genetic depletion of TIMM44 through CRISPR-Cas9 method also induced robust anti-bladder cancer cell activity and MB-10 had no effect in TIMM44-depleted cancer cells. Contrarily, ectopic overexpression of TIMM44 using a lentiviral construct augmented proliferation and motility of primary bladder cancer cells. TIMM44 is important for Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. In primary bladder cancer cells, Akt-S6K1 phosphorylation was decreased by MB-10 treatment or TIMM44 depletion, but enhanced after ectopic TIMM44 overexpression. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of MB-10 impeded bladder cancer xenograft growth in nude mice. Oxidative stress, ATP reduction, Akt-S6K1 inhibition and apoptosis were detected in MB-10-treated xenograft tissues. Moreover, genetic depletion of TIMM44 also arrested bladder cancer xenograft growth in nude mice, leading to oxidative stress, ATP reduction and Akt-S6K1 inhibition in xenograft tissues. Together, targeting overexpressed TIMM44 by MB-10 significantly inhibits bladder cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Department of Urology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Urology, Gonghe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, Province, China.
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5
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Uo T, Ojo KK, Sprenger CC, Epilepsia KS, Perera BGK, Damodarasamy M, Sun S, Kim S, Hogan HH, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Whitman GR, Barrett LK, Michaels SA, Xu LH, Sun VL, Arnold SLM, Pang HJ, Nguyen MM, Vigil ALBG, Kamat V, Sullivan LB, Sweet IR, Vidadala R, Maly DJ, Van Voorhis WC, Plymate SR. A Compound that Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.547355. [PMID: 37461469 PMCID: PMC10350011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable regardless of recent therapeutic advances. Prostate cancer tumors display highly glycolytic phenotypes as the cancer progresses. Non-specific inhibitors of glycolysis have not been utilized successfully for chemotherapy, because of their penchant to cause systemic toxicity. This study reports the preclinical activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a novel small molecule preclinical candidate, BKIDC-1553, with antiglycolytic activity. Experimental design We tested a large battery of prostate cancer cell lines for inhibition of cell proliferation, in vitro. Cell cycle, metabolic and enzymatic assays were used to demonstrate their mechanism of action. A human PDX model implanted in mice and a human organoid were studied for sensitivity to our BKIDC preclinical candidate. A battery of pharmacokinetic experiments, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion experiments, and in vitro and in vivo toxicology experiments were carried out to assess readiness for clinical trials. Results We demonstrate a new class of small molecule inhibitors where antiglycolytic activity in prostate cancer cell lines is mediated through inhibition of hexokinase 2. These compounds display selective growth inhibition across multiple prostate cancer models. We describe a lead BKIDC-1553 that demonstrates promising activity in a preclinical xenograft model of advanced prostate cancer, equivalent to that of enzalutamide. BKIDC-1553 demonstrates safety and pharmacologic properties consistent with a compound that can be taken into human studies with expectations of a good safety margin and predicted dosing for efficacy. Conclusion This work supports testing BKIDC-1553 and its derivatives in clinical trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Tian LY, Smit DJ, Popova NV, Horn S, Velasquez LN, Huber S, Jücker M. All Three AKT Isoforms Can Upregulate Oxygen Metabolism and Lactate Production in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2168. [PMID: 38396845 PMCID: PMC10889766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is related to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is common in HCC and has essential involvement in tumor progression. The serine/threonine kinase AKT has several downstream substrates, which have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism. However, the contribution of each of the three AKT isoforms, i.e., AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, to HCC metabolism has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we analyzed the functional role of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 in HCC metabolism. The overexpression of activated AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 isoforms in the human HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7 resulted in higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity in comparison to vector-transduced cells. Vice versa, lentiviral vector-mediated knockdowns of each AKT isoform reduced OCR in both cell lines. Reduced OCR rates observed in the three AKT isoform knockdowns were associated with reduced extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and reduced lactate production in both analyzed cell lines. Mechanistically, the downregulation of OCR by AKT isoform knockdowns correlated with an increased phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase on Ser232, which negatively regulates the activity of this crucial gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. In summary, our data indicate that each of the three AKT isoforms is able to upregulate OCR, ECAR and lactate production independently of each other in human HCC cells through the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Tian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
- Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Popova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Lis Noelia Velasquez
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.N.V.); (S.H.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.N.V.); (S.H.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
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Xu Q, Dong S, Gong Q, Dai Q, Cheng R, Ge Y. The Tanshinones (Tan) Extract From Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer via AKT Hyperactivation-Mediated FOXO3/SOD2 Signaling. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241258961. [PMID: 38899834 PMCID: PMC11191618 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241258961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer to relieve the symptom of "blood stasis and toxin accumulation." Tanshinones (Tan), the main lipophilic constituents extracted from the roots and rhizomes of SM, have been reported to possess anticancer functions in several cancers. But the mechanism of how the active components work in pancreatic cancer still need to be clarified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Tan in pancreatic cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viabilities of PANC-1 and Bxpc-3 cells were determined by MTT assay, after treatment with various concentrations of Tan. The apoptotic cells were quantified by annexin V-FITC/PI staining and DAPI staining assays. The expression of relative proteins was used western blotting. Tumor growth was assessed by subcutaneously inoculating cells into C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS Our experiments discovered that Tan effectively suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, we propose that Tan enhances intracellular ROS levels by activating the AKT/FOXO3/SOD2 signaling pathway, ultimately leading to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo assay showed the antitumor effect of Tan. CONCLUSION Tan, a natural compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza, was found to effectively suppress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promote apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we propose a positive feedback loop mechanism. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Dong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyi Gong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rubin Cheng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Sivaganesh V, Peethambaran B. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 inhibitor strictinin exhibits anti-cancer properties against highly aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1188-1209. [PMID: 38213538 PMCID: PMC10784114 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim It is important to identify anti-cancer compounds that can inhibit specific molecular targets to eradicate androgen-receptor negative (ARneg), androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer, which is an aggressive form of prostate cancer with limited treatment options. The goal of this study was to selectively target prostate cancer cells that have high levels of oncogenic protein Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) by using strictinin, a small molecule ROR1 inhibitor. Methods The methods performed in this study include western blots, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) proliferation assays, phosphatidylserine apoptosis assays, apoptosis flow cytometry (Annexin V, caspase 3/7), migration scratch assays, Boyden chamber invasion assays, and cell cycle flow cytometry. Results Strictinin was most lethal against PC3 [half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 277.2 µmol/L], an ARneg-AI cell type that expresses the highest levels of ROR1. Strictinin inhibited ROR1 expression, downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3β) pro-survival signaling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers in PC3 cells. Additionally, strictinin decreased PC3 cell migration and invasion, while increasing S-phase cell cycle arrest. In ARneg-AI DU145 cells, strictinin inhibited ROR1 expression and modulated downstream AKT-GSK3β signaling. Furthermore, strictinin exhibited anti-migratory, anti-invasive, but minimal pro-apoptotic effects in DU145 cells likely due to DU145 having less ROR1 expression in comparison to PC3 cells. Throughout the study, strictinin minimally impacted the phenotype of normal prostatic epithelial cells RWPE-1 (IC50 of 658.5 µmol/L). Strictinin was further identified as synergistic with docetaxel [combination index (CI) = 0.311] and the combination therapy was found to reduce the IC50 of strictinin to 38.71 µmol/L in PC3 cells. Conclusions ROR1 is an emerging molecular target that can be utilized for treating prostate cancer. The data from this study establishes strictinin as a potential therapeutic agent that targets ARneg-AI prostate cancer with elevated ROR1 expression to reduce the migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and survival of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sivaganesh
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Bela Peethambaran
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Li X, Xie L, Zhou L, Gan Y, Han S, Zhou Y, Qing X, Li W. Bergenin Inhibits Tumor Growth and Overcomes Radioresistance by Targeting Aerobic Glycolysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1905-1925. [PMID: 37646142 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (HK2), the first glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme, is closely correlated with the occurrence and progression of tumors. Effective therapeutic agents targeting HK2 are urgently needed. Bergenin has exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as antitumor properties. However, the effects of bergenin on the abnormal glucose metabolism of cancer cells are yet unclear. In this study, HK2 was overexpressed in OSCC tissues, and the depletion of HK2 inhibited the growth of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these results showed that the natural compound, bergenin, exerted a robust antitumor effect on OSCC cells. Bergenin inhibited cancer cell proliferation, suppressed glycolysis, and induced intrinsic apoptosis in OSCC cells by downregulating HK2. Notably, bergenin restored the antitumor efficacy of irradiation in the radioresistant OSCC cells. A mechanistic study revealed that bergenin upregulated the protein level of phosphatase and the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by enhancing the interaction between PTEN and ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13) and stabilizing PTEN; this eventually inhibited AKT phosphorylation and HK2 expression. Bergenin was identified as a novel therapeutic agent against glycolysis to inhibit OSCC and overcome radioresistance. Targeting PTEN/AKT/HK2 signaling could be a promising option for clinical OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer, Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shuangze Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Taizhou 317000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
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10
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Maheshwari M, Yadav N, Hasanain M, Pandey P, Sahai R, Choyal K, Singh A, Nengroo MA, Saini KK, Kumar D, Mitra K, Datta D, Sarkar J. Inhibition of p21 activates Akt kinase to trigger ROS-induced autophagy and impacts on tumor growth rate. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1045. [PMID: 36522339 PMCID: PMC9755229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its ability to induce cellular senescence, inhibit PCNA, and arrest cell division cycle by negatively regulating CDKs as well as being a primary target of p53, p21 is traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, several reports in recent years demonstrated its pro-oncogenic activities such as apoptosis inhibition by cytosolic p21, stimulation of cell motility, and promoting assembly of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. These opposing effects of p21 on cell proliferation, supported by the observations of its inconsistent expression in human cancers, led to the emergence of the concept of "antagonistic duality" of p21 in cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that p21 negatively regulates basal autophagy at physiological concentration. Akt activation, upon p21 attenuation, driven ROS accumulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in p21-mediated modulation of autophagy. We also find p21, as a physiological inhibitor of autophagy, to have oncogenic activity during early events of tumor development while its inhibition favors survival and growth of cancer cells in the established tumor. Our data, thereby, reveal the potential role of autophagy in antagonistic functional duality of p21 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Maheshwari
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rohit Sahai
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kuldeep Choyal
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Akhilesh Singh
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mushtaq A. Nengroo
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Krishan K. Saini
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India ,grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Dipak Datta
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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11
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Mieszczański P, Januszyk S, Zmarzły N, Ossowski P, Dziobek K, Sagan D, Boroń D, Opławski M, Grabarek BO. miRNAs Participate in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Expression in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415817. [PMID: 36555458 PMCID: PMC9779631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are formed as by-products of normal cell metabolism. They are needed to maintain cell homeostasis and signaling, which is possible due to defense systems. Disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress that can induce cancer. Redox regulation by miRNAs may be a potential therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to assess the activity of genes associated with oxidative stress in endometrial cancer and to determine their relationship with miRNAs. The study included 45 patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer and 45 without neoplastic changes. The expression profile of genes associated with oxidative stress was determined with mRNA microarrays, RT-qPCR and ELISA. The miRNA prediction was performed based on the miRNA microarray experiment and the mirDB tool. PRDX2 and AQP1 showed overexpression that was probably not related to miRNA activity. A high level of PKD2 may be the result of a decrease in the activity of miR-195-3p, miR-20a, miR-134. A SOD3 level reduction can be caused by miR-328, miR-363. In addition, miR-363 can also regulate KLF2 expression. In the course of endometrial cancer, the phenomenon of oxidative stress is observed, the regulation of which may be influenced by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mieszczański
- Hospital of Ministry of Interior and Administration, 40-052 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Szmon Januszyk
- ICZ Healthcare Hospital in Zywiec, 34-300 Zywiec, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Woman and Child Medical Center in Cracow, 30-002 Cracow, Poland
| | - Konrad Dziobek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Sagan
- Medical Center Dormed Medical SPA, 28-105 Busko-Zdroj, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Cracow, 30-705 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Opławski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Cracow, 30-705 Cracow, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662 Katowice, Poland
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
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12
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Jiang L, Liu Y, Su X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Tumbath S, Kilgore JA, Williams NS, Chen Y, Wang X, Mendonca MS, Lu T, Fu YX, Huang X. KP372-1-Induced AKT Hyperactivation Blocks DNA Repair to Synergize With PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib via Inhibiting FOXO3a/GADD45α Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976292. [PMID: 36203459 PMCID: PMC9530825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have exhibited great promise in the treatment of tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, however, PARPi resistance, which ultimately recovers DNA repair and cell progress, has become an enormous clinical challenge. Recently, KP372-1 was identified as a novel potential anticancer agent that targeted the redox enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), to induce extensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that amplified DNA damage, leading to cancer cell death. To overcome PARPi resistance and expand its therapeutic utility, we investigated whether a combination therapy of a sublethal dose of KP372-1 with a nontoxic dose of PARPi rucaparib would synergize and enhance lethality in NQO1 over-expressing cancers. We reported that the combination treatment of KP372-1 and rucaparib induced a transient and dramatic AKT hyperactivation that inhibited DNA repair by regulating FOXO3a/GADD45α pathway, which enhanced PARPi lethality and overcame PARPi resistance. We further found that PARP inhibition blocked KP372-1-induced PARP1 hyperactivation to reverse NAD+/ATP loss that promoted Ca2+-dependent autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with BAPTA-AM, a cytosolic Ca2+ chelator, dramatically rescued KP372-1- or combination treatment-induced lethality and significantly suppressed PAR formation and γH2AX activation. Finally, we demonstrated that this combination therapy enhanced accumulation of both agents in mouse tumor tissues and synergistically suppressed tumor growth in orthotopic pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer xenograft models. Together, our study provides novel preclinical evidence for new combination therapy in NQO1+ solid tumors that may broaden the clinical utility of PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jiangwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ye Zhao
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Soumya Tumbath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jessica A. Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Noelle S. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yaomin Chen
- Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Marc S. Mendonca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiumei Huang,
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13
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Ali ES, Lipońska A, O'Hara BP, Amici DR, Torno MD, Gao P, Asara JM, Yap MNF, Mendillo ML, Ben-Sahra I. The mTORC1-SLC4A7 axis stimulates bicarbonate import to enhance de novo nucleotide synthesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3284-3298.e7. [PMID: 35772404 PMCID: PMC9444906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions maintain pH homeostasis in eukaryotic cells and serve as a carbonyl donor to support cellular metabolism. However, whether the abundance of HCO3- is regulated or harnessed to promote cell growth is unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) adjusts cellular metabolism to support biomass production and cell growth. We find that mTORC1 stimulates the intracellular transport of HCO3- to promote nucleotide synthesis through the selective translational regulation of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter SLC4A7. Downstream of mTORC1, SLC4A7 mRNA translation required the S6K-dependent phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF4B. In mTORC1-driven cells, loss of SLC4A7 resulted in reduced cell and tumor growth and decreased flux through de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis in human cells and tumors without altering the intracellular pH. Thus, mTORC1 signaling, through the control of SLC4A7 expression, harnesses environmental bicarbonate to promote anabolic metabolism, cell biomass, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna Lipońska
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Amici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael D Torno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mee-Ngan F Yap
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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14
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Lou Q, Zhang M, Zhang K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Yang Y, Gao Y. Arsenic exposure elevated ROS promotes energy metabolic reprogramming with enhanced AKT-dependent HK2 expression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155691. [PMID: 35525345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic or organic arsenic compounds continues to pose substantial public health concerns for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Highly exposed individuals are susceptible to various illnesses, including impairments and cancers of the lung, liver, skin and bladder. Long-term exposure to low-dose arsenic has been identified to induce aerobic glycolysis, which contributes to cells aberrant proliferation. However, the mechanism underlying arsenic-induced aerobic glycolysis is still unclear. Here, mtDNA copy number is enhanced in arsenic-exposed populations and a positive correlation between serum HK2 and urinary total arsenic was observed in the individuals with high urine arsenic (≥ 0.032 mg/L). In a rat model of trivalent arsenic (iAs3+) exposure, the levels of HK2, NDUFA9 and NDUFB8 were increased in the rats treated with iAs3+ daily by gavage for 12 weeks than those in the control rats. Subsequently, in a low-dose arsenic exposure cell model we found that 0.2 μmol/L iAs3+ induced aerobic glycolysis to promote L-02 cells proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, in which HK2 played an important role. Further studies showed accumulated ROS determined the metabolic reprogramming via activating AKT and then increasing HK2 expression. On the one hand, activated AKT induced aerobic glycolysis by increasing HK2 to promote L-02 cells viability and DNA synthesis; on the other hand, phosphorylated AKT induced HK2 mitochondrial outer-membrane location with VDAC1 to inhibit apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicated that ROS induced by low-dose arsenic exposure determined energy metabolic reprogramming and acted a critical regulator for AKT-dependent HK2 expression and aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zaihong Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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15
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Cancer-Associated Dysregulation of Sumo Regulators: Proteases and Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148012. [PMID: 35887358 PMCID: PMC9316396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that has emerged in recent decades as a mechanism involved in controlling diverse physiological processes and that is essential in vertebrates. The SUMO pathway is regulated by several enzymes, proteases and ligases being the main actors involved in the control of sumoylation of specific targets. Dysregulation of the expression, localization and function of these enzymes produces physiological changes that can lead to the appearance of different types of cancer, depending on the enzymes and target proteins involved. Among the most studied proteases and ligases, those of the SENP and PIAS families stand out, respectively. While the proteases involved in this pathway have specific SUMO activity, the ligases may have additional functions unrelated to sumoylation, which makes it more difficult to study their SUMO-associated role in cancer process. In this review we update the knowledge and advances in relation to the impact of dysregulation of SUMO proteases and ligases in cancer initiation and progression.
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16
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Goetting I, Larafa S, Eul K, Kunin M, Jakob B, Matschke J, Jendrossek V. Targeting AKT-Dependent Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Sensitizes AKT-E17K Expressing Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920017. [PMID: 35875130 PMCID: PMC9304891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway has clinical relevance to radiation resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an emerging role in the regulation of cell survival upon irradiation. AKT-dependent signaling participates in the regulation of cellular antioxidant defense. Here, we were interested to explore a yet unknown role of aberrant activation of AKT in regulating antioxidant defense in response to IR and associated radiation resistance.We combined genetic and pharmacologic approaches to study how aberrant activation of AKT impacts cell metabolism, antioxidant defense, and radiosensitivity. Therefore, we used TRAMPC1 (TrC1) prostate cancer cells overexpressing the clinically relevant AKT-variant AKT-E17K with increased AKT activity or wildtype AKT (AKT-WT) and analyzed the consequences of direct AKT inhibition (MK2206) and inhibition of AKT-dependent metabolic enzymes on the levels of cellular ROS, antioxidant capacity, metabolic state, short-term and long-term survival without and with irradiation.TrC1 cells expressing the clinically relevant AKT1-E17K variant were characterized by improved antioxidant defense compared to TrC1 AKT-WT cells and this was associated with increased radiation resistance. The underlying mechanisms involved AKT-dependent direct and indirect regulation of cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Pharmacologic inhibition of specific AKT-dependent metabolic enzymes supporting defense against oxidative stress, e.g., inhibition of glutathione synthase and glutathione reductase, improved eradication of clonogenic tumor cells, particularly of TrC1 cells overexpressing AKT-E17K.We conclude that improved capacity of TrC1 AKT-E17K cells to balance antioxidant defense with provision of energy and other metabolites upon irradiation compared to TrC1 AKT-WT cells contributes to their increased radiation resistance. Our findings on the importance of glutathione de novo synthesis and glutathione regeneration for radiation resistance of TrC1 AKT-E17K cells offer novel perspectives for improving radiosensitivity in cancer cells with aberrant AKT activity by combining IR with inhibitors targeting AKT-dependent regulation of GSH provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Goetting
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Safa Larafa
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Eul
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Kunin
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Jendrossek, ; Johann Matschke,
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Jendrossek, ; Johann Matschke,
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17
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Tang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Qin S, Zhou L, Gao W, Shen Z. Metabolic Adaptation-Mediated Cancer Survival and Progression in Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071324. [PMID: 35883815 PMCID: PMC9311581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Undue elevation of ROS levels commonly occurs during cancer evolution as a result of various antitumor therapeutics and/or endogenous immune response. Overwhelming ROS levels induced cancer cell death through the dysregulation of ROS-sensitive glycolytic enzymes, leading to the catastrophic depression of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which are critical for cancer survival and progression. However, cancer cells also adapt to such catastrophic oxidative and metabolic stresses by metabolic reprograming, resulting in cancer residuality, progression, and relapse. This adaptation is highly dependent on NADPH and GSH syntheses for ROS scavenging and the upregulation of lipolysis and glutaminolysis, which fuel tricarboxylic acid cycle-coupled OXPHOS and biosynthesis. The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood, thus presenting a promising field with opportunities to manipulate metabolic adaptations for cancer prevention and therapy. In this review, we provide a summary of the mechanisms of metabolic regulation in the adaptation of cancer cells to oxidative stress and the current understanding of its regulatory role in cancer survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wei Gao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Z.S.)
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18
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Impacts of Oxidative Stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on Metabolism and the Future Direction of Investigating Fucoidan-Modulated Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050911. [PMID: 35624775 PMCID: PMC9137824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical factors for regulating cancer metabolism are oxidative stress and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). However, the metabolic impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on individual mechanisms such as glycolysis (Warburg effect), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), fatty acid synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are complicated. Therefore, this review summarizes the individual and interacting functions of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism. Moreover, natural products providing oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR modulating effects have anticancer potential. Using the example of brown algae-derived fucoidan, the roles of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were summarized, although their potential functions within diverse metabolisms were rarely investigated. We propose a potential application that fucoidan may regulate oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to modulate their associated metabolic regulations. This review sheds light on understanding the impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism and the future direction of metabolism-based cancer therapy of fucoidan.
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19
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Yu X, Xu J, Shen Y, Cahuzac KM, Park KS, Dale B, Liu J, Parsons RE, Jin J. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and In Vivo Efficacious AKT Kinase Protein Degraders via Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3644-3666. [PMID: 35119851 PMCID: PMC8900464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a potent, selective, and in vivo efficacious AKT degrader, MS21, which is a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) based on the AKT inhibitor AZD5363. However, no structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that resulted in this discovery have been reported. Herein, we present our SAR studies that led to the discovery of MS21, another VHL-recruiting AKT degrader, MS143 (compound 20) with similar potency as MS21, and a novel cereblon (CRBN)-recruiting PROTAC, MS5033 (compound 35). Compounds 20 and 35 induced rapid and robust AKT degradation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Compound 20 suppressed cell growth more effectively than AZD5363 in multiple cancer cell lines. Furthermore, 20 and 35 displayed good plasma exposure levels in mice and are suitable for in vivo efficacy studies. Lastly, compound 20 effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft model without apparent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Cahuzac
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kwang-su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Brandon Dale
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Corresponding Authors: Jing Liu – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Ramon E. Parsons – Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Jian Jin – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States;
| | - Ramon E. Parsons
- Corresponding Authors: Jing Liu – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Ramon E. Parsons – Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Jian Jin – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States;
| | - Jian Jin
- Corresponding Authors: Jing Liu – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Ramon E. Parsons – Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; , Jian Jin – Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States;
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20
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A non-catalytic scaffolding activity of hexokinase 2 contributes to EMT and metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:899. [PMID: 35173161 PMCID: PMC8850586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (HK2), which catalyzes the first committed step in glucose metabolism, is induced in cancer cells. HK2's role in tumorigenesis has been attributed to its glucose kinase activity. Here, we describe a kinase independent HK2 activity, which contributes to metastasis. HK2 binds and sequesters glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and acts as a scaffold forming a ternary complex with the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1a) and GSK3β to facilitate GSK3β phosphorylation and inhibition by PKA. Thus, HK2 functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). Phosphorylation by GSK3β targets proteins for degradation. Consistently, HK2 increases the level and stability of GSK3 targets, MCL1, NRF2, and particularly SNAIL. In addition to GSK3 inhibition, HK2 kinase activity mediates SNAIL glycosylation, which prohibits its phosphorylation by GSK3. Finally, in mouse models of breast cancer metastasis, HK2 deficiency decreases SNAIL protein levels and inhibits SNAIL-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis.
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21
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Iessi E, Vona R, Cittadini C, Matarrese P. Targeting the Interplay between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Cell Death Pathways as a Viable Therapeutic Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121942. [PMID: 34944758 PMCID: PMC8698563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic adaptations are often observed in terms of nutrient absorption, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy necessary to meet the needs of the tumor cell such as uncontrolled proliferation, dissemination, and acquisition of resistance to death processes induced by both unfavorable environmental conditions and therapeutic drugs. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have a significant effect on cellular metabolism, as there is a close relationship between the pathways activated by these genes and the various metabolic options. The metabolic adaptations observed in cancer cells not only promote their proliferation and invasion, but also their survival by inducing intrinsic and acquired resistance to various anticancer agents and to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In this review we analyze the main metabolic differences between cancer and non-cancer cells and how these can affect the various cell death pathways, effectively determining the susceptibility of cancer cells to therapy-induced death. Targeting the metabolic peculiarities of cancer could represent in the near future an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those tumors whose metabolic characteristics are known.
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22
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Antunes-Ricardo M, Guardado-Félix D, Rocha-Pizaña MR, Garza-Martínez J, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Villela-Castrejón J, López-Pacheco F, Serna-Saldívar SO. Opuntia ficus-indica Extract and Isorhamnetin-3-O-Glucosyl-Rhamnoside Diminish Tumor Growth of Colon Cancer Cells Xenografted in Immune-Suppressed Mice through the Activation of Apoptosis Intrinsic Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:434-441. [PMID: 34786663 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica extract (OFI-E) and its glycoside isorhamnetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnoside (IGR) on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and in a xenografted-immunosuppressed mice model. The IC50 values of OFI-E and IGR on colon cancer cells (HT-29 RFP) were determinate, as well as their effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis induction. OFI-E and IGR produced an increased in apoptosis induction, ROS production and a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In xenografted-inmunosupressed mice, OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth rate, myeloperoxidase activity and total cholesterol levels. OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth through the overexpression of cleaved Caspase-9, Hdac11, and Bai1 proteins. OFI-E reduced the expression of bcl-2. Results demonstrated the chemopreventive effects of OFI-E, and its purified compound IGR, showing their potential as an alternative in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - D Guardado-Félix
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - M R Rocha-Pizaña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Garza-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - L Acevedo-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - J A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - J Villela-Castrejón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - F López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - S O Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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23
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Jolkinolide B sensitizes bladder cancer to mTOR inhibitors via dual inhibition of Akt signaling and autophagy. Cancer Lett 2021; 526:352-362. [PMID: 34798195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The monotherapy of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in cancer clinical practice has achieved limited success due to the concomitant activation of compensatory pathways, such as Akt signaling and cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, the combination of mTORi and the inhibitors of these pro-survival pathways has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Herein, we report the synergistic effects of a natural anti-cancer agent Jolkinolide B (JB) and mTORi (temsirolimus, rapamycin, and everolimus) for the effective treatment of bladder cancer. A mechanistic study revealed that JB induced a dual inhibition of Akt feedback activation and cytoprotective autophagy, potentiating the anti-proliferative efficacy of mTORi in both PTEN-deficient and cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. Meanwhile, mTORi augmented the pro-apoptotic and pro-paraptotic effects of JB by reinforcing JB-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK pathways. These synergistic mechanisms were related to cellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our study suggests that dual inhibition of Akt feedback activation and cytoprotective autophagy is an effective strategy in mTORi-based therapy, and JB + mTORi combination associated with multiple anti-cancer mechanisms and good tolerance in mouse models may serve as a promising treatment for bladder cancer.
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24
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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25
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Ciscato F, Ferrone L, Masgras I, Laquatra C, Rasola A. Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094716. [PMID: 33946854 PMCID: PMC8125560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family, mainly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. HK2 induction in most neoplastic cells contributes to their metabolic rewiring towards aerobic glycolysis, and its genetic ablation inhibits malignant growth in mouse models. HK2 can dock to mitochondria, where it performs additional functions in autophagy regulation and cell death inhibition that are independent of its enzymatic activity. The recent definition of HK2 localization to contact points between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum called Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs) has unveiled a novel HK2 role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Here, we propose that HK2 localization in MAMs of tumor cells is key in sustaining neoplastic progression, as it acts as an intersection node between metabolic and survival pathways. Disrupting these functions by targeting HK2 subcellular localization can constitute a promising anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (I.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Lavinia Ferrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (I.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Ionica Masgras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (I.M.); (C.L.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 56124 Pias, Italy
| | - Claudio Laquatra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (I.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (I.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.R.)
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26
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SUMOylation controls the binding of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria and protects against prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1812. [PMID: 33753739 PMCID: PMC7985146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hexokinase 2 is an essential regulator of glycolysis that couples metabolic and proliferative activities in cancer cells. The binding of hexokinase 2 to the outer membrane of mitochondria is critical for its oncogenic activity. However, the regulation of hexokinase 2 binding to mitochondria remains unclear. Here, we report that SUMOylation regulates the binding of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria. We find that hexokinase 2 can be SUMOylated at K315 and K492. SUMO-specific protease SENP1 mediates the de-SUMOylation of hexokinase 2. SUMO-defective hexokinase 2 preferably binds to mitochondria and enhances both glucose consumption and lactate production and decreases mitochondrial respiration in parallel. This metabolic reprogramming supports prostate cancer cell proliferation and protects cells from chemotherapy-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrate an inverse relationship between SENP1-hexokinase 2 axis and chemotherapy response in prostate cancer samples. Our data provide evidence for a previously uncovered posttranslational modification of hexokinase 2 in cancer cells, suggesting a potentially actionable strategy for preventing chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. The oncogenic activity of Hexokinase 2, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, requires its mitochondrial localization. Here, the authors show that SUMOylation of hexokinase 2 disrupts its binding to mitochondria and protects cells from tumorigenesis in prostate cancer.
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27
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Lv C, Gao Y, Yao J, Li Y, Lou Q, Zhang M, Tian Q, Yang Y, Sun D. High Iodine Induces the Proliferation of Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells via AKT/Wee1/CDK1 Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622085. [PMID: 33796458 PMCID: PMC8008130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High iodine can alter the proliferative activity of thyroid cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, the role of high iodine in the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells was studied. In this study, we demonstrated that high iodine induced the proliferation of BCPAP and 8305C cells via accelerating cell cycle progression. The transcriptome analysis showed that there were 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BCPAP and 8305C cells induced by high iodine, among which CDK1 expression associated with the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells induced by high iodine. Moreover, the western blot analysis revealed that cells exposed to high iodine enhanced the phosphorylation activation of AKT and the expression of phospho-Wee1 (Ser642), while decreasing the expression of phospho-CDK1 (Tyr15). Importantly, the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation revered the expression of CDK1 induced by high iodine and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, decreasing the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells induced by high iodine. Taken together, these findings suggested that high iodine induced the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells through AKT-mediated Wee1/CDK1 axis, which provided new insights into the regulation of proliferation of thyroid cancer cells by iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Lv
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyin Yao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Qiushi Tian
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
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Götting I, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. A New Twist in Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Altered Cancer Cell Metabolism in Akt-Mediated Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228563. [PMID: 33202866 PMCID: PMC7697684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular-targeted agents is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Herein, aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer cells and has been associated with multiple aspects of therapy resistance. These include, for example, survival under stress conditions, apoptosis resistance, activation of the cellular response to DNA damage and repair of radiation-induced or chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSB). One further important, yet not much investigated aspect of Akt-dependent signaling is the regulation of cell metabolism. In fact, many Akt target proteins are part of or involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the importance of certain metabolites for protection against therapy-induced cell stress and the repair of therapy-induced DNA damage. Thus far, the likely interaction between deregulated activation of Akt, altered cancer metabolism and therapy resistance is not yet well understood. The present review describes the documented interactions between Akt, its target proteins and cancer cell metabolism, focusing on antioxidant defense and DSB repair. Furthermore, the review highlights potential connections between deregulated Akt, cancer cell metabolism and therapy resistance of cancer cells through altered DSB repair and discusses potential resulting therapeutic implications.
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Nalairndran G, Hassan Abdul Razack A, Mai C, Fei‐Lei Chung F, Chan K, Hii L, Lim W, Chung I, Leong C. Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase-1 (PDPK1) regulates serum/glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) for prostate cancer cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12188-12198. [PMID: 32926495 PMCID: PMC7578863 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer among men globally. Using a kinome-wide lentiviral small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen, we identified phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1) as a potential mediator of cell survival in PCa cells. We showed that knock-down of endogenous human PDPK1 induced significant tumour-specific cell death in PCa cells (DU145 and PC3) but not in the normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Further analyses revealed that PDPK1 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3). Knock-down of endogenous PDPK1 in DU145 and PC3 cells significantly reduced SGK3 phosphorylation while ectopic expression of a constitutively active SGK3 completely abrogated the apoptosis induced by PDPK1. In contrast, no such effect was observed in SGK1 and AKT phosphorylation following PDPK1 knock-down. Importantly, PDPK1 inhibitors (GSK2334470 and BX-795) significantly reduced tumour-specific cell growth and synergized docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that PDPK1 mediates PCa cells' survival through SGK3 signalling and suggest that inactivation of this PDPK1-SGK3 axis may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Nalairndran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Felicia Fei‐Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA)Epigenetics Group (EGE)International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Kok‐Keong Chan
- School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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30
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Chen X, Wei L, Yang L, Guo W, Guo Q, Zhou Y. Glycolysis inhibition and apoptosis induction in human prostate cancer cells by FV-429-mediated regulation of AR-AKT-HK2 signaling network. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111517. [PMID: 32619556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) depends on androgen receptor (AR) signaling to regulate cell metabolism, including glycolysis, and thereby promotes tumor growth. Glycolysis is overactive in PCa and associated with poor prognosis, but the therapeutic efficacy of glycolysis inhibitors has thus far been limited by their inability to induce cell death. FV-429, a flavonoid derivative of Wogonin, is a glycolysis inhibitor that has shown anti-cancer promise. In this study, we used FV-429 as an anti-PCa agent and investigated its mechanisms of action. In vitro, both the glycolytic ability and the viability of PCa cells were inhibited by FV-429. We found that FV-429 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, with AKT-HK2 signaling pathway playing a key role. In addition, FV-429 had a pro-apoptotic effect on human prostate cancer cells that relied on the inhibition of AR expression and activity. In vivo, FV-429 exerted significant tumor-repressing activity with high safety in the xenograft model using LNCaP cells. In summary, we demonstrated that FV-429 induced glycolysis inhibition and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by downregulating the AR-AKT-HK2 signaling network, making FV-429 a promising candidate as one therapeutic agent for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Hoxhaj G, Manning BD. The PI3K-AKT network at the interface of oncogenic signalling and cancer metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:74-88. [PMID: 31686003 PMCID: PMC7314312 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 264.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular functions, including metabolism, to couple the signals from exogenous growth factors, cytokines or hormones to adaptive changes in cell physiology. The ubiquitous, growth factor-regulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signalling network has diverse downstream effects on cellular metabolism, through either direct regulation of nutrient transporters and metabolic enzymes or the control of transcription factors that regulate the expression of key components of metabolic pathways. Aberrant activation of this signalling network is one of the most frequent events in human cancer and serves to disconnect the control of cell growth, survival and metabolism from exogenous growth stimuli. Here we discuss our current understanding of the molecular events controlling cellular metabolism downstream of PI3K and AKT and of how these events couple two major hallmarks of cancer: growth factor independence through oncogenic signalling and metabolic reprogramming to support cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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33
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Zhou L, Yi Y, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang P, Xu M, Xie S. VAOS, a novel vanadyl complexes of alginate saccharides, inducing apoptosis via activation of AKT-dependent ROS production in NSCLC. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:177-185. [PMID: 30223019 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) can promote tumour progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vanadyl alginate oligosaccharides (VAOS) is a new coordination compounds that possesses a good PTP1B inhibitory activity. However, the potent anticancer efficacy of VAOS in human NSCLC requires further study. In this study, VAOS exhibited effective inhibitory effects in NSCLC both in cultured cells and in a xenograft mouse model. VAOS was further identified to induce NSCLC cell apoptosis through activating protein kinase B (AKT) to elevate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by increasing in oxygen consumption and impairing the ROS-scavenging system. Neither silencing of PTP1B by siRNA nor transient overexpression of PTP1B had an effect on the AKT phosphorylation triggered by VAOS, indicating that PTP1B inhibition was not involved in VAOS-induced apoptosis. Through phosphorus colorimetric assay, we demonstrated that VAOS notably inhibited phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) dephosphorylation activity, another member of the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases)-upstream factor of AKT. Interestingly, PTEN knockdown sensitized cells to VAOS, whereas ectopic expression of PTEN markedly rescued VAOS-mediated lethality. In vivo, VAOS treatment markedly reduced PTEN activity and tumour cell burden with low systemic toxicity. Thus, our data not only provided a new therapeutic drug candidate for NSCLC, but presented new understanding into the pharmacological research of VAOS.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Alginates/chemical synthesis
- Alginates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/antagonists & inhibitors
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vanadates/chemical synthesis
- Vanadates/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Youjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Pingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Maolei Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China.
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China.
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34
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Marchi S, Corricelli M, Branchini A, Vitto VAM, Missiroli S, Morciano G, Perrone M, Ferrarese M, Giorgi C, Pinotti M, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Pinton P. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of MICU1 regulates mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels and tumor growth. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899435. [PMID: 30504268 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondria play a multifunctional role in cancer progression and Ca2+ signaling is remodeled in a wide variety of tumors, the underlying mechanisms that link mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis with malignant tumor formation and growth remain elusive. Here, we show that phosphorylation at the N-terminal region of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulatory subunit MICU1 leads to a notable increase in the basal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. A pool of active Akt in the mitochondria is responsible for MICU1 phosphorylation, and mitochondrion-targeted Akt strongly regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ content. The Akt-mediated phosphorylation impairs MICU1 processing and stability, culminating in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and tumor progression. Thus, our data reveal the crucial role of the Akt-MICU1 axis in cancer and underscore the strategic importance of the association between aberrant mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Corricelli
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
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35
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Peng Y, Zhang R, Yang X, Zhang Z, Kang N, Bao L, Shen Y, Yan H, Zheng F. Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the proliferation of prostate cancer cell line PC3 through ROS-induced cell cycle arrest. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1139-1145. [PMID: 30655875 PMCID: PMC6312957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 in prostate cancer cells, the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line PC3 was cultured and incubated with ginsenoside Rg3 in vitro. Cell number counts, cell proliferation assays and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 led to cell proliferation arrest; ginsenoside Rg3 decreased the number of cells and increased the positive SA-β-gal staining rate in PC3 cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that ginsenoside Rg3 interfered with the G1/S transition in PC3 cells. The mechanism involved in ginsenoside Rg3-induced cell proliferation arrest was then further investigated. This indicated that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC3 cells was upregulated by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, was able to reverse the effects on cell number and cell cycle arrest induced by ginsenoside Rg3 in PC3 cells. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 exhibits anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells through ROS-mediated arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhaiyi Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Liying Bao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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36
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Marbaniang C, Kma L. Dysregulation of Glucose Metabolism by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors in Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2377-2390. [PMID: 30255690 PMCID: PMC6249467 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex diseases having several unique features, commonly described as ‘hallmarks of cancer’. Among them, altered signaling pathways are the common characteristic features that drive cancer progression; this is achieved due to mutations that lead to the activation of growth promoting(s) oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. As a result of which, cancer cells increase their glycolytic rate by consuming a large amount of glucose, and convert a majority of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen known as the “Warburg effect”. Tumor cells like other cells are strictly dependent on energy for growth and survival; therefore, understanding energy metabolism will give us an idea to develop new effective anti-cancer therapies that target cancer energy production pathways. This review summarizes the roles of tumor suppressors and oncogenes and their products that provide metabolic advantages to cancer cells which in turn leads to the establishment of the “Warburg effect” and ultimately leads to cancer progression. Understanding cancer cell’s vulnerability will provide potential targets for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casterland Marbaniang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit,North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
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