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Menon T, Illing PT, Chaurasia P, McQuilten HA, Shepherd C, Rowntree LC, Petersen J, Littler DR, Khuu G, Huang Z, Allen LF, Rockman S, Crowe J, Flanagan KL, Wakim LM, Nguyen THO, Mifsud NA, Rossjohn J, Purcell AW, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. CD8 + T-cell responses towards conserved influenza B virus epitopes across anatomical sites and age. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3387. [PMID: 38684663 PMCID: PMC11059233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause substantive morbidity and mortality, and yet immunity towards IBVs remains understudied. CD8+ T-cells provide broadly cross-reactive immunity and alleviate disease severity by recognizing conserved epitopes. Despite the IBV burden, only 18 IBV-specific T-cell epitopes restricted by 5 HLAs have been identified currently. A broader array of conserved IBV T-cell epitopes is needed to develop effective cross-reactive T-cell based IBV vaccines. Here we identify 9 highly conserved IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes restricted to HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*08:01 and HLA-B*35:01. Memory IBV-specific tetramer+CD8+ T-cells are present within blood and tissues. Frequencies of IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells decline with age, but maintain a central memory phenotype. HLA-B*07:02 and HLA-B*08:01-restricted NP30-38 epitope-specific T-cells have distinct T-cell receptor repertoires. We provide structural basis for the IBV HLA-B*07:02-restricted NS1196-206 (11-mer) and HLA-B*07:02-restricted NP30-38 epitope presentation. Our study increases the number of IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and defines IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells at cellular and molecular levels, across tissues and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Menon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe Shepherd
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Khuu
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- CSL Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Larson AC, Knoche SM, Brumfield GL, Doty KR, Gephart BD, Moore-Saufley PR, Solheim JC. Gemcitabine Modulates HLA-I Regulation to Improve Tumor Antigen Presentation by Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3211. [PMID: 38542184 PMCID: PMC10970070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease, harboring a five-year overall survival rate of only 13%. Current treatment approaches thus require modulation, with attention shifting towards liberating the stalled efficacy of immunotherapies. Select chemotherapy drugs which possess inherent immune-modifying behaviors could revitalize immune activity against pancreatic tumors and potentiate immunotherapeutic success. In this study, we characterized the influence of gemcitabine, a chemotherapy drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, on tumor antigen presentation by human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I). Gemcitabine increased pancreatic cancer cells' HLA-I mRNA transcripts, total protein, surface expression, and surface stability. Temperature-dependent assay results indicated that the increased HLA-I stability may be due to reduced binding of low affinity peptides. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed changes in the HLA-I-presented peptide pool post-treatment, and computational predictions suggested improved affinity and immunogenicity of peptides displayed solely by gemcitabine-treated cells. Most of the gemcitabine-exclusive peptides were derived from unique source proteins, with a notable overrepresentation of translation-related proteins. Gemcitabine also increased expression of select immunoproteasome subunits, providing a plausible mechanism for its modulation of the HLA-I-bound peptidome. Our work supports continued investigation of immunotherapies, including peptide-based vaccines, to be used with gemcitabine as new combination treatment modalities for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina C. Larson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shelby M. Knoche
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gabrielle L. Brumfield
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kenadie R. Doty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Gephart
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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3
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Peton B, Taniguchi M, Mangiola M, Al Malki MM, Gendzekhadze K. Specificity of HLA monoclonal antibodies and their use to determine HLA expression on lymphocytes and peripheral blood stem cells. HLA 2024; 103:e15192. [PMID: 37596840 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
HLA Class I and II expression are known to differ locus-to-locus, however, HLA expression on the cell-surface is frequently reported as the total amount of HLA Class I or II antigens. This is despite evidence that indicates the differential expression of HLA can influence patient outcomes post-transplantation. Although numerous commercially available HLA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exist to characterize HLA expression, there is currently a lack of detailed information regarding their reactivities to HLA specificities. The specificities of locus-specific HLA mAbs (nine Class I and four Class II mAbs) were evaluated by two solid-phase Luminex single antigen bead assays. The reactivity patterns of these mAbs were then confirmed by flow cytometry using lymphocytes and PBSCs (peripheral blood stem cells). Out of the 13 HLA mAbs tested, only four (one Class I and three Class II mAbs) displayed intra-locus reactivity without also reacting to inter-locus specificities. Epitope analysis revealed the presence of shared epitopes across numerous HLA loci, explaining much of the observed inter-locus reactivity. The specificity of the HLA mAbs seen in solid-phase assays was confirmed against PBSCs and lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Using this method, we observed differences in the cell surface expression of HLA-C, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP between PBSCs and lymphocytes. Our results emphasize the need to characterize the reactivity patterns of HLA mAbs using solid-phase assays before their use on cells. Through understanding the reactivity of these HLA mAbs, the cellular expression of HLA can be more accurately assessed in downstream assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Peton
- HLA Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michiko Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Massimo Mangiola
- Transplant Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monzr M Al Malki
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ketevan Gendzekhadze
- HLA Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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4
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Kaur A, Surnilla A, Zaitouna AJ, Mumphrey MB, Basrur V, Grigorova I, Cieslik M, Carrington M, Nesvizhskii AI, Raghavan M. Mass Spectrometric Profiling of HLA-B44 Peptidomes Provides Evidence for Tapasin-Mediated Tryptophan Editing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1298-1307. [PMID: 37737643 PMCID: PMC10592002 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The extreme polymorphisms of HLA class I proteins result in structural variations in their peptide binding sites to achieve diversity in Ag presentation. External factors could independently constrict or alter HLA class I peptide repertoires. Such effects of the assembly factor tapasin were assessed for HLA-B*44:05 (Y116) and a close variant, HLA-B*44:02 (D116), which have low and high tapasin dependence, respectively, for their cell surface expression. Analyses of the HLA-B*44:05 peptidomes in the presence and absence of tapasin reveal that peptides with C-terminal tryptophans and higher predicted affinities are preferentially selected by tapasin, coincident with reduced frequencies of peptides with other C-terminal amino acids, including leucine. Comparisons of the HLA-B*44:05 and HLA-B*44:02 peptidomes indicate the expected structure-based alterations near the peptide C termini, but also C-terminal amino acid frequency and predicted affinity changes among the unique and shared peptide groups for B*44:02 and B*44:05. Overall, these findings indicate that the presence of tapasin and the tapasin dependence of assembly alter HLA class I peptide-binding preferences at the peptide C terminus. The particular C-terminal amino acid preferences that are altered by tapasin are expected to be determined by the intrinsic peptide-binding specificities of HLA class I allotypes. Additionally, the findings suggest that tapasin deficiency and reduced tapasin dependence expand the permissive affinities of HLA class I-bound peptides, consistent with prior findings that HLA class I allotypes with low tapasin dependence have increased breadth of CD8+ T cell epitope presentation and are more protective in HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Avrokin Surnilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita J. Zaitouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B. Mumphrey
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Olson E, Raghavan M. Major histocompatibility complex class I assembly within endolysosomal pathways. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102356. [PMID: 37379719 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecules facilitate subcellular immune surveillance by presenting peptides on the cell surface. MHC class I assembly with peptides generally happens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Peptides are processed in the cytosol, transported into the ER, and assembled with MHC class I heavy and light chains. However, as many pathogens reside within multiple subcellular organelles, peptide sampling across non-cytosolic compartments is also important. MHC class I molecules internalize from the cell surface into endosomes and constitutively traffic between endosomes and the cell surface. Within endosomes, MHC class I molecules assemble with both exogenous and endogenous antigens processed within these compartments. Human MHC classI polymorphisms, well known to affect ER assembly modes, also influence endosomal assembly outcomes, an area of current interest to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Graduate Program In Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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6
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Xia H, McMichael J, Becker-Hapak M, Onyeador OC, Buchli R, McClain E, Pence P, Supabphol S, Richters MM, Basu A, Ramirez CA, Puig-Saus C, Cotto KC, Freshour SL, Hundal J, Kiwala S, Goedegebuure SP, Johanns TM, Dunn GP, Ribas A, Miller CA, Gillanders WE, Fehniger TA, Griffith OL, Griffith M. Computational prediction of MHC anchor locations guides neoantigen identification and prioritization. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabg2200. [PMID: 37027480 PMCID: PMC10450883 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens are tumor-specific peptide sequences resulting from sources such as somatic DNA mutations. Upon loading onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, they can trigger recognition by T cells. Accurate neoantigen identification is thus critical for both designing cancer vaccines and predicting response to immunotherapies. Neoantigen identification and prioritization relies on correctly predicting whether the presenting peptide sequence can successfully induce an immune response. Because most somatic mutations are single-nucleotide variants, changes between wild-type and mutated peptides are typically subtle and require cautious interpretation. A potentially underappreciated variable in neoantigen prediction pipelines is the mutation position within the peptide relative to its anchor positions for the patient's specific MHC molecules. Whereas a subset of peptide positions are presented to the T cell receptor for recognition, others are responsible for anchoring to the MHC, making these positional considerations critical for predicting T cell responses. We computationally predicted anchor positions for different peptide lengths for 328 common HLA alleles and identified unique anchoring patterns among them. Analysis of 923 tumor samples shows that 6 to 38% of neoantigen candidates are potentially misclassified and can be rescued using allele-specific knowledge of anchor positions. A subset of anchor results were orthogonally validated using protein crystallography structures. Representative anchor trends were experimentally validated using peptide-MHC stability assays and competition binding assays. By incorporating our anchor prediction results into neoantigen prediction pipelines, we hope to formalize, streamline, and improve the identification process for relevant clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Xia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua McMichael
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Onyinyechi C. Onyeador
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rico Buchli
- Pure Protein LLC, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ethan McClain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Pence
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suangson Supabphol
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Megan M. Richters
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cody A. Ramirez
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cristina Puig-Saus
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelsy C. Cotto
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon L. Freshour
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jasreet Hundal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susanna Kiwala
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tanner M. Johanns
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin P. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Obi L. Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Kaur A, Surnilla A, Zaitouna AJ, Basrur V, Mumphrey MB, Grigorova I, Cieslik M, Carrington M, Nesvizhskii AI, Raghavan M. Mass spectrometric profiling of HLA-B44 peptidomes provides evidence for tapasin-mediated tryptophan editing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.530125. [PMID: 36909546 PMCID: PMC10002704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.530125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of CD8 + T cells against pathogens and cancers involves the recognition of antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I proteins. Peptide binding to HLA class I proteins is coordinated by a multi-protein complex called the peptide loading complex (PLC). Tapasin, a key PLC component, facilitates the binding and optimization of HLA class I peptides. However, different HLA class I allotypes have variable requirements for tapasin for their assembly and surface expression. HLA-B*44:02 and HLA-B*44:05, which differ only at residue 116 of their heavy chain sequences, fall at opposite ends of the tapasin-dependency spectrum. HLA-B*44:02 (D116) is highly tapasin-dependent, whereas HLA-B*44:05 (Y116) is highly tapasinindependent. Mass spectrometric comparisons of HLA-B*4405 and HLA-B*44:02 peptidomes were undertaken to better understand the influences of tapasin upon HLA-B44 peptidome compositions. Analyses of the HLA-B*44:05 peptidomes in the presence and absence of tapasin reveal that peptides with the C-terminal tryptophan residues and those with higher predicted binding affinities are selected in the presence of tapasin. Additionally, when tapasin is present, C-terminal tryptophans are also more highly represented among peptides unique to B*44:02 and those shared between B*44:02 and B*44:05, compared with peptides unique to B*44:05. Overall, our findings demonstrate that tapasin influences the C-terminal composition of HLA class I-bound peptides and favors the binding of higher affinity peptides. For the HLA-B44 family, the presence of tapasin or high tapasin-dependence of an allotype results in better binding of peptides with C-terminal tryptophans, consistent with a role for tapasin in stabilizing an open conformation to accommodate bulky C-terminal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Avrokin Surnilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita J. Zaitouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B. Mumphrey
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Olson E, Ceccarelli T, Raghavan M. Endo-lysosomal assembly variations among human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) allotypes. eLife 2023; 12:e79144. [PMID: 36722462 PMCID: PMC9917446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extreme polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) proteins enable the presentation of diverse peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) HLA class I assembly pathway enables presentation of cytosolic peptides, but effective intracellular surveillance requires multi-compartmental antigen sampling. Endo-lysosomes are generally sites of HLA class II assembly, but human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) also contain significant reserves of endo-lysosomal HLA class I molecules. We hypothesized variable influences of HLA class I polymorphisms upon outcomes of endo-lysosomal trafficking, as the stabilities and peptide occupancies of cell surface HLA class I molecules are variable. Consistent with this model, when the endo-lysosomal pH of moDCs is disrupted, HLA-B allotypes display varying propensities for reductions in surface expression, with HLA-B*08:01 or HLA-B*35:01 being among the most resistant or sensitive, respectively, among eight tested HLA-B allotypes. Perturbations of moDC endo-lysosomal pH result in accumulation of HLA-B*35:01 in LAMP1+ compartments and increase HLA-B*35:01 peptide receptivity. These findings reveal the intersection of the vacuolar cross-presentation pathway with a constitutive assembly pathway for some HLA-B allotypes. Notably, cross-presentation of epitopes derived from two soluble antigens was also more efficient for B*35:01 compared to B*08:01, even when matched for T cell response sensitivity, and more affected by cathepsin inhibition. Thus, HLA class I polymorphisms dictate the degree of endo-lysosomal assembly, which can supplement ER assembly for constitutive HLA class I expression and increase the efficiency of cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Theadora Ceccarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
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9
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Bignoux MJ, Otgaar TC, Bernert M, Weiss SFT, Ferreira E. Downregulation of LRP/LR with siRNA inhibits several cancer hallmarks in lung cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:323-340. [PMID: 36579897 PMCID: PMC9900088 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cancer are growing rapidly worldwide, with lung cancer being the most commonly occurring cancer in males. Human carcinomas circumvent the inhibitory pathways induced by DNA damage and senescence through the upregulation of telomerase activity. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is a cell surface receptor which plays a role in several cancer hallmarks, including metastasis, angiogenesis, cell viability maintenance, apoptotic evasion, and mediating telomerase activity. We have previously shown that the knockdown of LRP/LR with an LRP-specific siRNA significantly impedes adhesion and invasion, induces apoptosis, and inhibits telomerase activity in various cancer cell lines in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect of downregulating LRP/LR with LRP-specific siRNA in A549 lung cancer cells. Downregulation of LRP/LR resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, migration potential, and telomerase activity, as well as a significant increase in apoptosis. Proteomic analysis further suggested the re-establishment of immune control over the lung cancer cells, a previously unidentified facet of LRP downregulation in cancer. Altogether, we suggest that targeting LRP/LR for downregulation may have therapeutic potential for inhibiting several cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Bignoux
- School of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Tyrone C. Otgaar
- School of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Martin Bernert
- School of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Stefan F. T. Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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10
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Lee MJ, Leong MW, Rustagi A, Beck A, Zeng L, Holmes S, Qi LS, Blish CA. SARS-CoV-2 escapes direct NK cell killing through Nsp1-mediated downregulation of ligands for NKG2D. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111892. [PMID: 36543165 PMCID: PMC9742201 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effector cells that target and lyse virally infected cells; many viruses therefore encode mechanisms to escape such NK cell killing. Here, we interrogate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate NK cell recognition and lysis of infected cells. We find that NK cells exhibit poor cytotoxic responses against SARS-CoV-2-infected targets, preferentially killing uninfected bystander cells. We demonstrate that this escape is driven by downregulation of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D (NKG2D-L). Indeed, early in viral infection, prior to NKG2D-L downregulation, NK cells are able to target and kill infected cells; however, this ability is lost as viral proteins are expressed. Finally, we find that SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) mediates downregulation of NKG2D-L and that Nsp1 alone is sufficient to confer resistance to NK cell killing. Collectively, our work demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 evades direct NK cell cytotoxicity and describes a mechanism by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle W Leong
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aimee Beck
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leiping Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan Chem-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94157, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94157, USA; Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Walker A, Schwarz T, Brinkmann-Paulukat J, Wisskirchen K, Menne C, Alizei ES, Kefalakes H, Theissen M, Hoffmann D, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Maini MK, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM, Keitel V, Bock HH, Horn PA, Thimme R, Wedemeyer H, Heinemann FM, Luedde T, Neumann-Haefelin C, Protzer U, Timm J. Immune escape pathways from the HBV core 18-27 CD8 T cell response are driven by individual HLA class I alleles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045498. [PMID: 36439181 PMCID: PMC9686862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims There is growing interest in T cell-based immune therapies for a functional cure of chronic HBV infection including check-point inhibition, T cell-targeted vaccines or TCR-grafted effector cells. All these approaches depend on recognition of HLA class I-presented viral peptides. The HBV core region 18-27 is an immunodominant target of CD8+ T cells and represents the prime target for T cell-based therapies. Here, a high-resolution analysis of the core18-27 specific CD8+ T cell and the selected escape pathways was performed. Methods HLA class I typing and viral sequence analyses were performed for 464 patients with chronic HBV infection. HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses against the prototype and epitope variants were characterized by flow cytometry. Results Consistent with promiscuous presentation of the core18-27 epitope, antigen-specific T cells were detected in patients carrying HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*35:03 or HLA-B*51:01. Sequence analysis confirmed reproducible selection pressure on the core18-27 epitope in the context of these alleles. Interestingly, the selected immune escape pathways depend on the presenting HLA-class I-molecule. Although cross-reactive T cells were observed, some epitope variants achieved functional escape by impaired TCR-interaction or disturbed antigen processing. Of note, selection of epitope variants was exclusively observed in HBeAg negative HBV infection and here, detection of variants associated with significantly greater magnitude of the CD8 T cell response compared to absence of variants. Conclusion The core18-27 epitope is highly variable and under heavy selection pressure in the context of different HLA class I-molecules. Some epitope variants showed evidence for impaired antigen processing and reduced presentation. Viruses carrying such escape substitutions will be less susceptible to CD8+ T cell responses and should be considered for T cell-based therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walker
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Brinkmann-Paulukat
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Menne
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elahe Salimi Alizei
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helenie Kefalakes
- Institute of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Theissen
- Research Group Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Research Group Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke RM Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans H. Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falko M. Heinemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Núñez-Rios DL, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Nagamatsu ST, Andrade-Brito DE, Forero DA, Orozco-Castaño CA, Montalvo-Ortiz JL. Central and Peripheral Immune Dysregulation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Convergent Multi-Omics Evidence. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051107. [PMID: 35625844 PMCID: PMC9138536 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and multifactorial disorder with a prevalence ranging between 6–10% in the general population and ~35% in individuals with high lifetime trauma exposure. Growing evidence indicates that the immune system may contribute to the etiology of PTSD, suggesting the inflammatory dysregulation as a hallmark feature of PTSD. However, the potential interplay between the central and peripheral immune system, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying this dysregulation remain poorly understood. The activation of the HPA axis after trauma exposure and the subsequent activation of the inflammatory system mediated by glucocorticoids is the most common mechanism that orchestrates an exacerbated immunological response in PTSD. Recent high-throughput analyses in peripheral and brain tissue from both humans with and animal models of PTSD have found that changes in gene regulation via epigenetic alterations may participate in the impaired inflammatory signaling in PTSD. The goal of this review is to assess the role of the inflammatory system in PTSD across tissue and species, with a particular focus on the genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics domains. We conducted an integrative multi-omics approach identifying TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) signaling, interleukins, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and glucocorticoids among the common dysregulated pathways in both central and peripheral immune systems in PTSD and propose potential novel drug targets for PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Núñez-Rios
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - José J. Martínez-Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sheila T. Nagamatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Diego E. Andrade-Brito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.-C.)
| | - Carlos A. Orozco-Castaño
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.-C.)
| | - Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(203)-9325711 (ext. 7491)
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13
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Viral immune evasins impact antigen presentation by allele-specific trapping of MHC I at the peptide-loading complex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1516. [PMID: 35087068 PMCID: PMC8795405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T cells to eliminate infected or cancerous cells. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) shuttles proteasomally generated peptides into the ER for MHC I loading. As central part of the peptide-loading complex (PLC), TAP is targeted by viral factors, which inhibit peptide supply and thereby impact MHC I-mediated immune responses. However, it is still poorly understood how antigen presentation via different MHC I allotypes is affected by TAP inhibition. Here, we show that conditional expression of herpes simplex viral ICP47 suppresses surface presentation of HLA-A and HLA-C, but not of HLA-B, while the human cytomegaloviral US6 reduces surface levels of all MHC I allotypes. This marked difference in HLA-B antigen presentation is echoed by an enrichment of HLA-B allomorphs at US6-arrested PLC in comparison to ICP47-PLC. Although both viral factors prevent TAP-mediated peptide supply, our data imply that MHC I allomorphs favor different conformationally arrested states of the PLC, leading to differential downregulation of MHC I surface presentation. These findings will help understand MHC I biology in general and will even advance the targeted treatment of infections depending on patients’ allotypes.
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14
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Hoek M, Demmers LC, Wu W, Heck AJR. Allotype-Specific Glycosylation and Cellular Localization of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4518-4528. [PMID: 34415762 PMCID: PMC8419865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Presentation of antigens
by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complexes
at the cell surface is a key process in the immune response. The α-chain,
containing the peptide-binding groove, is one of the most polymorphic
proteins in the proteome. All HLA class I α-chains carry a conserved
N-glycosylation site, but little is known about its nature and function.
Here, we report an in-depth characterization of N-glycosylation features
of HLA class I molecules. We observe that different HLA-A α-chains
carry similar glycosylation, distinctly different from the HLA-B,
HLA-C, and HLA-F α-chains. Although HLA-A displays the broadest
variety of glycan characteristics, HLA-B α-chains carry mostly
mature glycans, and HLA-C and HLA-F α-chains carry predominantly
high-mannose glycans. We expected these glycosylation features to
be directly linked to cellular localization of the HLA complexes.
Indeed, analyzing HLA class I complexes from crude plasma and inner
membrane-enriched fractions confirmed that most HLA-B complexes can
be found at the plasma membrane, while most HLA-C and HLA-F molecules
reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane, and HLA-A
molecules are more equally distributed over these cellular compartments.
This allotype-specific cellular distribution of HLA molecules should
be taken into account when analyzing peptide antigen presentation
by immunopeptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hoek
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Laura C Demmers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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15
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Bauzá-Martinez J, Heck AJR, Wu W. HLA-B and cysteinylated ligands distinguish the antigen presentation landscape of extracellular vesicles. Commun Biol 2021; 4:825. [PMID: 34211107 PMCID: PMC8249458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles can modulate diverse processes ranging from proliferation and tissue repair, to chemo-resistance and cellular differentiation. With the advent of tissue and immunological targeting, extracellular vesicles are also increasingly viewed as promising vectors to deliver peptide-based cancer antigens to the human immune system. Despite the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of such 'cell-free' approaches, the natural antigen presentation landscape exported in extracellular vesicles is still largely uncharted, due to the challenging nature of such preparations and analyses. In the context of therapeutic vesicle production, a critical evaluation of the similarity in vesicular antigen presentation is also urgently needed. In this work, we compared the HLA-I peptide ligandomes of extracellular vesicles against that of whole-cells of the same cell line. We found that extracellular vesicles not only over-represent HLA-B complexes and peptide ligands, but also cysteinylated peptides that may modulate immune responses. Collectively, these findings describe the pre-existing provision of vesicular HLA complexes that may be utilized to carry peptide vaccines, as well as the propensity for different peptide and post-translationally modified ligands to be presented, and will outline critical considerations in devising novel EV vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Geng J, Raghavan M. Conformational sensing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by immune receptors and intracellular assembly factors. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:67-74. [PMID: 33857912 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules play a critical role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The heterodimeric complex of a polymorphic MHC-I heavy chain and a conserved light chain binds to a diverse set of peptides which are presented at the cell surface. Peptide-free (empty) versions of MHC-I molecules are typically retained intracellularly due to their low stability and bound by endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and assembly factors. However, emerging evidence suggests that at least some MHC-I allotypes are relatively stable and detectable at the cell-surface as peptide-deficient conformers, under some conditions. Such MHC-I conformers interact with multiple immune receptors to mediate various immunological functions. Furthermore, conformational sensing of MHC-I molecules by intracellular assembly factors and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones influences the peptide repertoire, with profound consequences for immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances relating to MHC-I conformational variations and their pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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17
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de Waard AA, Verkerk T, Jongsma MLM, Hoefakker K, Sethumadhavan S, Gerke C, Bliss S, Kong X, Janssen GMC, de Ru AH, Claas FHJ, Mulder A, Tampé R, van Veelen PA, Halenius A, Spaapen RM. PAKC: A novel panel of HLA class I antigen presentation machinery knockout cells from the same genetic origin. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:734-737. [PMID: 33275281 PMCID: PMC7986913 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Verkerk
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlieke L M Jongsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Hoefakker
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunesh Sethumadhavan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carolin Gerke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Bliss
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Martinez-Morilla S, Villarroel-Espindola F, Wong PF, Toki MI, Aung TN, Pelekanou V, Bourke-Martin B, Schalper KA, Kluger HM, Rimm DL. Biomarker Discovery in Patients with Immunotherapy-Treated Melanoma with Imaging Mass Cytometry. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1987-1996. [PMID: 33504554 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is among the first tools with the capacity for multiplex analysis of more than 40 targets, which provides a novel approach to biomarker discovery. Here, we used IMC to characterize the tumor microenvironment of patients with metastatic melanoma who received immunotherapy in efforts to find indicative factors of treatment response. In spite of the new power of IMC, the image analysis aspects are still limited by the challenges of cell segmentation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, rather than segment, we performed image analysis using a newly designed version of the AQUA software to measure marker intensity in molecularly defined compartments: tumor cells, stroma, T cells, B cells, and macrophages. IMC data were compared with quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) and digital spatial profiling. RESULTS Validation of IMC results for immune markers was confirmed by regression with additional multiplexing methods and outcome assessment. Multivariable analyses by each compartment revealed significant associations of 12 markers for progression-free survival and seven markers for overall survival (OS). The most compelling indicative biomarker, beta2-microglobulin (B2M), was confirmed by correlation with OS by QIF in the discovery cohort and validated in an independent published cohort profiled by mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Using digital image analysis based on pixel colocalization to assess IMC data allowed us to quantitively measure 25 markers simultaneously on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarray samples. In addition to showing high concordance with other multiplexing technologies, we identified a series of potentially indicative biomarkers for immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma, including B2M.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pok Fai Wong
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maria I Toki
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thazin Nwe Aung
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Ivanova M, Tsvetkova G, Lukanov T, Stoimenov A, Hadjiev E, Shivarov V. Probable HLA-mediated immunoediting of JAK2 V617F-driven oncogenesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:75-88.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Conserved epitopes with high HLA-I population coverage are targets of CD8 + T cells associated with high IFN-γ responses against all dengue virus serotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20497. [PMID: 33235334 PMCID: PMC7687909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are key for immune protection against viral infections. The breadth and cross-reactivity of these responses are important against rapidly mutating RNA viruses, such as dengue (DENV), yet how viral diversity affect T cell responses and their cross-reactivity against multiple variants of the virus remains poorly defined. In this study, an integrated analysis was performed to map experimentally validated CD8+ T cell epitopes onto the distribution of DENV genome sequences across the 4 serotypes worldwide. Despite the higher viral diversity observed within HLA-I restricted epitopes, mapping of 609 experimentally validated epitopes sequences on 3985 full-length viral genomes revealed 19 highly conserved epitopes across the four serotypes within the immunogenic regions of NS3, NS4B and NS5. These conserved epitopes were associated with a higher magnitude of IFN-γ response when compared to non-conserved epitopes and were restricted to 13 HLA class I genotypes, hence providing high coverage among human populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that these epitopes are largely conserved in most of the endemic regions of the world, and with only some of these epitopes presenting distinct mutated variants circulating in South America and Asia.This study provides evidence for the existence of highly immunogenic and conserved epitopes across serotypes, which may impact design of new universal T-cell-inducing vaccine candidates that minimise detrimental effects of viral diversification and at the same time induce responses to a broad human population.
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21
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Zaitoua AJ, Kaur A, Raghavan M. Variations in MHC class I antigen presentation and immunopeptidome selection pathways. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 33014341 PMCID: PMC7525337 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26935.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) proteins mediate immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancers by presenting antigenic or mutated peptides to antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells and by engaging receptors of natural killer (NK) cells. In humans, MHC-I molecules are highly polymorphic. MHC-I variations permit the display of thousands of distinct peptides at the cell surface. Recent mass spectrometric studies have revealed unique and shared characteristics of the peptidomes of individual MHC-I variants. The cell surface expression of MHC-I–peptide complexes requires the functions of many intracellular assembly factors, including the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin, calreticulin, ERp57, TAP-binding protein related (TAPBPR), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAPs), and the proteasomes. Recent studies provide important insights into the structural features of these factors that govern MHC-I assembly as well as the mechanisms underlying peptide exchange. Conformational sensing of MHC-I molecules mediates the quality control of intracellular MHC-I assembly and contributes to immune recognition by CD8 at the cell surface. Recent studies also show that several MHC-I variants can follow unconventional assembly routes to the cell surface, conferring selective immune advantages that can be exploited for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Zaitoua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Painter MM, Zimmerman GE, Merlino MS, Robertson AW, Terry VH, Ren X, McLeod MR, Gomez-Rodriguez L, Garcia KA, Leonard JA, Leopold KE, Neevel AJ, Lubow J, Olson E, Piechocka-Trocha A, Collins DR, Tripathi A, Raghavan M, Walker BD, Hurley JH, Sherman DH, Collins KL. Concanamycin A counteracts HIV-1 Nef to enhance immune clearance of infected primary cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23835-23846. [PMID: 32900948 PMCID: PMC7519347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008615117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nef is an HIV-encoded accessory protein that enhances pathogenicity by down-regulating major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) expression to evade killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). A potent Nef inhibitor that restores MHC-I is needed to promote immune-mediated clearance of HIV-infected cells. We discovered that the plecomacrolide family of natural products restored MHC-I to the surface of Nef-expressing primary cells with variable potency. Concanamycin A (CMA) counteracted Nef at subnanomolar concentrations that did not interfere with lysosomal acidification or degradation and were nontoxic in primary cell cultures. CMA specifically reversed Nef-mediated down-regulation of MHC-I, but not CD4, and cells treated with CMA showed reduced formation of the Nef:MHC-I:AP-1 complex required for MHC-I down-regulation. CMA restored expression of diverse allotypes of MHC-I in Nef-expressing cells and inhibited Nef alleles from divergent clades of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus, including from primary patient isolates. Lastly, we found that restoration of MHC-I in HIV-infected cells was accompanied by enhanced CTL-mediated clearance of infected cells comparable to genetic deletion of Nef. Thus, we propose CMA as a lead compound for therapeutic inhibition of Nef to enhance immune-mediated clearance of HIV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Madeline S Merlino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew W Robertson
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Valeri H Terry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Megan R McLeod
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lyanne Gomez-Rodriguez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kirsten A Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jolie A Leonard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kay E Leopold
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew J Neevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jay Lubow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Eli Olson
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alicja Piechocka-Trocha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - David R Collins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kathleen L Collins
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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23
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Ehrenberg PK, Shangguan S, Issac B, Alter G, Geretz A, Izumi T, Bryant C, Eller MA, Wegmann F, Apps R, Creegan M, Bolton DL, Sekaly RP, Robb ML, Gramzinski RA, Pau MG, Schuitemaker H, Barouch DH, Michael NL, Thomas R. A vaccine-induced gene expression signature correlates with protection against SIV and HIV in multiple trials. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/507/eaaw4236. [PMID: 31462510 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current HIV vaccines are only partially efficacious, presenting an opportunity to identify correlates of protection and, thereby, potential insight into mechanisms that prevent HIV acquisition. Two independent preclinical challenge studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) previously showed partial efficacy of a mosaic adenovirus 26 (Ad26)-based HIV-1 vaccine candidate. To investigate the basis of this protection, we performed whole transcriptomics profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in sorted lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples taken during these studies at different time points after vaccination but before challenge. We observed a transcriptional signature in B cells that associated with protection from acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or the simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in both studies. Strong antibody responses were elicited, and genes from the signature for which expression was enriched specifically associated with higher magnitude of functional antibody responses. The same gene expression signature also associated with protection in RV144 in the only human HIV vaccine trial to date that has shown efficacy and in two additional NHP studies that evaluated similar canarypox-based vaccine regimens. A composite gene expression score derived from the gene signature was one of the top-ranked correlates of protection in the NHP vaccine studies. This study aims to bridge preclinical and clinical data with the identification of a gene signature in B cells that is associated with protection from SIV and HIV infection by providing a new approach for evaluating future vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Ehrenberg
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Shida Shangguan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Biju Issac
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aviva Geretz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Taisuke Izumi
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., 2329 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Richard Apps
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Robert A Gramzinski
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Maria G Pau
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., 2329 Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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24
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Tsitsiklis A, Bangs DJ, Lutes LK, Chan SW, Geiger KM, Modzelewski AJ, Labarta-Bajo L, Wang Y, Zuniga EI, Dai S, Robey EA. An Unusual MHC Molecule Generates Protective CD8+ T Cell Responses to Chronic Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1464. [PMID: 32733483 PMCID: PMC7360836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD8+ T cell response to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii varies dramatically between mouse strains, resulting in stark differences in control of the parasite. Protection in BALB/c mice can be attributed to an unusually strong and protective MHC-1 Ld-restricted CD8+ T cell response directed against a peptide derived from the parasite antigen GRA6. The MHC-1 Ld molecule has limited peptide binding compared to conventional MHC molecules such as Kb or Db, which correlates with polymorphisms associated with "elite control" of HIV in humans. To investigate the link between the unusual MHC-1 molecule Ld and the generation of "elite controller" CD8+ T cell responses, we compared the GRA6-Ld specific T cell response to the well-studied OVA-Kb specific response, and demonstrated that GRA6-Ld specific T cells are significantly more protective and resistant to exhaustion in chronic T. gondii infection. To further investigate the connection between limited peptide presentation and robust T cell responses, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice with a point mutation (W97R) in the peptide-binding groove of Ld that results in broader peptide binding. We investigated the effect of this Ld W97R mutation on another robust Ld-restricted response against the IE1 peptide during Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. This mutation leads to an increase in exhaustion markers in the IE1-Ld specific CD8+ T cell response. Our results indicate that limited peptide binding by MHC-1 Ld correlates with the development of robust and protective CD8+ T cell responses that may avoid exhaustion during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsitsiklis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Derek J. Bangs
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lydia K. Lutes
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Shiao W. Chan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kristina M. Geiger
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Modzelewski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lara Labarta-Bajo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shaodong Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ellen A. Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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25
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A large familial cluster and sporadic cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia in Brazil reinforce known human leucocyte antigen (HLA) associations and indicate new HLA susceptibility haplotypes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2409-2413. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Zaitouna AJ, Ramon DS, Raghavan M. Assessments of HLA-I Specificities of Anti-HLA-I Monoclonal Antibodies Using Solid Phase Bead Arrays. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3655. [PMID: 33659325 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are a group of structurally-related cell surface proteins with a high degree of variability within the population. While only up to six variants are expressed in an individual person, the whole population contains thousands of different variants. The ability to distinguish specific variants is important in the clinic to determine compatibility during organ and bone marrow transplantation and in the laboratory to study the biological properties of individual variants. Solid phase bead arrays contain purified, individually identifiable HLA-I molecules that can be used to determine antibody specificity for individual HLA-I proteins. This method is high-throughput, highly specific, and allows for simultaneous screening of antibodies against multiple HLA-I allotypes. The beads are particularly useful for screening patient sera for the presence of donor-specific antibodies against individual HLA-I variants (which can arise during pregnancy, blood transfusion, or organ transplantation). Alternate approaches, such as the use of individual HLA-I-expressing cell lines, are more time consuming, and such cell lines are difficult to procure and standardize. The HLA-I beads are also useful to study HLA-I specificity and selectivity for other receptors and binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Zaitouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel S Ramon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Olson E, Geng J, Raghavan M. Polymorphisms of HLA-B: influences on assembly and immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:137-145. [PMID: 32619904 PMCID: PMC7772265 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) complex functions in innate and adaptive immunity, mediating surveillance of the subcellular environment. In humans, MHC-I heavy chains are encoded by three genes: the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. These genes are highly polymorphic, which results in the expression, typically, of six different HLA class I (HLA-I) proteins on the cell surface, and the presentation of diverse peptide antigens to CD8+ T cells for broad surveillance against many pathogenic conditions. Recent studies of HLA-B allotypes show that the polymorphisms, not surprisingly, also significantly impact protein folding and assembly pathways. The use of non-canonical assembly routes and the generation of non-canonical HLA-B conformers has consequences for immune receptor interactions and disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Olson
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Paladini F, Fiorillo MT, Tedeschi V, D'Otolo V, Piga M, Cauli A, Mathieu A, Sorrentino R. The rs75862629 minor allele in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases intergenic region affects human leucocyte antigen B27 expression and protects from ankylosing spondylitis in Sardinia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:2315-2324. [PMID: 31209470 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HLA-B27 and the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2 genes are predisposing factors for AS. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ERAP2 promoter (rs75862629) coordinates the transcription of both ERAP genes. We investigated whether this SNP associates with AS and whether it affects the expression of the two major HLA-B27 alleles present in Sardinia, the AS-associated B*2705 and the non-AS-associated B*2709. METHODS Four SNPs in the ERAP region were genotyped in HLA-B*2705-positive patients with AS (n = 145), B27-positive healthy subjects (n = 126) and B27-negative controls (n = 250) and the allele and haplotype frequencies were derived. The expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2 mRNAs in 36 HLA-B27-positive B lymphoblastoid cell lines was measured by quantitative PCR. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to search for a nuclear factor binding the DNA sequence encompassing rs75862629. The expression of HLA-B27 molecules related to the SNP at rs75862629 was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The minor allele G at rs75862629 was found significantly increased in B27 healthy individuals, both B*2705 and B*2709, compared with B*2705-positive patients with AS and B27-negative controls. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated the lack of binding of a transcription factor as the cause of the observed reduction in the ERAP2 concomitant with a higher ERAP1 expression. Of note, this occurs with a different cell surface expression of the HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 molecules. CONCLUSION SNP rs75862629, by modulating simultaneously the expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2, provides protection from AS in HLA-B27-positive subjects in Sardinia. This has a functional impact on HLA-B27 expression and likely on disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana D'Otolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mathieu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pugh J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Djaoud Z, Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Parham P. In vitro education of human natural killer cells by KIR3DL1. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900434. [PMID: 31723004 PMCID: PMC6856763 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using NK cells isolated from individuals who lack the Bw4 epitope on HLA-B, Pugh et al reveal that KIR3DL1+ NK cells can be educated in vitro by co-culturing them with target cells that display the missing epitope. During development, NK cells are “educated” to respond aggressively to cells with low surface expression of HLA class I, a hallmark of malignant and infected cells. The mechanism of education involves interactions between inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) and specific HLA epitopes, but the details of this process are unknown. Because of the genetic diversity of HLA class I genes, most people have NK cells that are incompletely educated, representing an untapped source of human immunity. We demonstrate how mature peripheral KIR3DL1+ human NK cells can be educated in vitro. To accomplish this, we trained NK cells expressing the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor by co-culturing them with target cells that expressed its ligand, Bw4+HLA-B. After this training, KIR3DL1+ NK cells increased their inflammatory and lytic responses toward target cells lacking Bw4+HLA-B, as though they had been educated in vivo. By varying the conditions of this basic protocol, we provide mechanistic and translational insights into the process NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pugh
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Desoutter J, Jacob V, Guillaume N. HLA-B*15:47:01 allele with undefined serological equivalent considered as B Blank. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 47:65-66. [PMID: 31599086 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a discordance between complement-dependent cytotoxicity and next-generation sequencing molecular typing revealing HLA-B*15:47:01 allele with undefined serological equivalent confirmed by high-level immunization against the B15 serotype. Due to the high-level immunization against HLA-B15 and B70 antigens, we considered the HLA-B*15:47:01 allele to be B Blank and not as B15 or B70 serological specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Desoutter
- Department of Histocompatibility, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,EA 4666 HEMATIM, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Valentine Jacob
- Department of Histocompatibility, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,EA 4666 HEMATIM, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Nicolas Guillaume
- Department of Histocompatibility, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,EA 4666 HEMATIM, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
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Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) is a cell surface glycoprotein, which is expressed as 2 forms, αα homodimer or αβ heterodimer. Peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHC-I) molecules are major ligands for both forms of CD8. CD8αβ is a coreceptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) and binds to the same cognate pMHC-I as the TCR, thus enabling or augmenting T cell responses. The function of CD8αα homodimers is largely unknown. While CD8αβ heterodimer is expressed exclusively on CD8+ T cells, the CD8αα homodimer is present in subsets of T cells and human natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we report that the CD8αα homodimer functions as a coreceptor for KIR3DL1, an inhibitory receptor of NK cells that is specific for certain MHC-I allotypes. CD8αα enhances binding of pMHC-I to KIR3DL1, increases KIR3DL1 clustering at the immunological synapse, and augments KIR3DL1-mediated inhibition of NK cell activation. Additionally, interactions between pMHC-I and CD8αα homodimers regulate KIR3DL1+ NK cell education. Together, these findings reveal another dimension to the modulation of NK cell activity.
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Raghavan M, Yarzabek B, Zaitouna AJ, Krishnakumar S, Ramon DS. Strategies for the measurements of expression levels and half-lives of HLA class I allotypes. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:221-227. [PMID: 30735755 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I molecules are highly polymorphic cell surface proteins that trigger immune responses by CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Most humans express six different HLA class I proteins encoded by the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genes. HLA class I molecules bind to peptide antigens and present these antigens to T cell receptors (TCR) of CD8+ T cells. HLA class I expression levels also regulate NK cell activation. The presence of individual HLA class I genes is linked to many different disease, transplantation and therapy outcomes. An understanding of HLA class I expression and stability patterns is fundamentally important towards a better understanding of the associations of HLA class I genes with disease and treatment outcomes, and towards HLA class I targeting for vaccine development. Quantitative flow cytometry allows for assessments of variations in expression levels of HLA class I molecules in cells from a single blood donor over time, as well as averaged measurements across donors for the same allotype. Since all HLA class I molecules are structurally-related, cellular measurements of the HLA class I expression levels and stabilities of individual variants in human cells require careful choices of donors and antibodies, which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Brogan Yarzabek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anita J Zaitouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sujatha Krishnakumar
- Sirona Genomics, Immucor Inc, Suite A, 1916 Old Middlefield Way Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Daniel S Ramon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
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Petersdorf EW, O'hUigin C. The MHC in the era of next-generation sequencing: Implications for bridging structure with function. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:67-78. [PMID: 30321633 PMCID: PMC6542361 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MHC continues to have the most disease-associations compared to other regions of the human genome, even in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) era. Analysis of non-coding variation and their impact on the level of expression of HLA allotypes has shed new light on the potential mechanisms underlying HLA disease associations and alloreactivity in transplantation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has the capability of delineating the phase of variants in the HLA antigen-recognition site (ARS) with non-coding regulatory polymorphisms. These relationships are critical for understanding the qualitative and quantitative implications of HLA gene diversity. This article summarizes current understanding of non-coding region variation of HLA loci, the consequences of regulatory variation on HLA expression, the role for evolution in shaping lineage-specific expression, and the impact of HLA expression on disease susceptibility and transplantation outcomes. A role for phased sequencing methods for the MHC, and perspectives for future directions in basic and applied immunogenetic studies of the MHC are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie W Petersdorf
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-115, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Colm O'hUigin
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Microbiome and Genetics Core, Building 37, Room 4140B, Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
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