1
|
Schmidt AK, Schwartzkopf CM, Pourtois JD, Burgener EB, Faith DR, Joyce A, Lamma T, Kumar G, Bollyky PL, Secor PR. Targeted deletion of Pf prophages from diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has differential impacts on quorum sensing and virulence traits. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0040223. [PMID: 38687034 PMCID: PMC11112994 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00402-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that commonly causes medical hardware, wound, and respiratory infections. Temperate filamentous Pf phages that infect P. aeruginosa impact numerous virulence phenotypes. Most work on Pf phages has focused on Pf4 and its host P. aeruginosa PAO1. Expanding from Pf4 and PAO1, this study explores diverse Pf phages infecting P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We describe a simple technique targeting the Pf lysogeny maintenance gene, pflM (PA0718), that enables the effective elimination of Pf prophages from diverse P. aeruginosa hosts. The pflM gene shows diversity among different Pf phage isolates; however, all examined pflM alleles encode the DUF5447 domain. We demonstrate that pflM deletion results in prophage excision but not replication, leading to total prophage loss, indicating a role for lysis/lysogeny decisions for the DUF5447 domain. This study also assesses the effects different Pf phages have on host quorum sensing, biofilm formation, pigment production, and virulence against the bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that Pf phages have strain-specific impacts on quorum sensing and biofilm formation, but nearly all suppress pigment production and increase C. elegans avoidance behavior. Collectively, this research not only introduces a valuable tool for Pf prophage elimination from diverse P. aeruginosa isolates but also advances our understanding of the complex relationship between P. aeruginosa and filamentous Pf phages.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is frequently infected by filamentous Pf phages (viruses) that integrate into its chromosome, affecting behavior. Although prior work has focused on Pf4 and PAO1, this study investigates diverse Pf in clinical isolates. A simple method targeting the deletion of the Pf lysogeny maintenance gene pflM (PA0718) effectively eliminates Pf prophages from clinical isolates. The research evaluates the impact Pf prophages have on bacterial quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and virulence phenotypes. This work introduces a valuable tool to eliminate Pf prophages from clinical isolates and advances our understanding of P. aeruginosa and filamentous Pf phage interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K. Schmidt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Julie D. Pourtois
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Burgener
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dominick R. Faith
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Alex Joyce
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Tyrza Lamma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Geetha Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei M, Tan Y, Tu H, Tan W. Neuronal basis and diverse mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353747. [PMID: 38751431 PMCID: PMC11094273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance behaviour has been observed across animal taxa as a vital host-microbe interaction mechanism. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has evolved multiple diverse mechanisms for pathogen avoidance under natural selection pressure. We summarise the current knowledge of the stimuli that trigger pathogen avoidance, including alterations in aerotaxis, intestinal bloating, and metabolites. We then survey the neural circuits involved in pathogen avoidance, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathogen avoidance, signalling crosstalk between pathogen avoidance and innate immunity, and C. elegans avoidance of non-Pseudomonas bacteria. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in understanding host-microbe interactions and the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vergani-Junior CA, Moro RDP, Pinto S, De-Souza EA, Camara H, Braga DL, Tonon-da-Silva G, Knittel TL, Ruiz GP, Ludwig RG, Massirer KB, Mair WB, Mori MA. An Intricate Network Involving the Argonaute ALG-1 Modulates Organismal Resistance to Oxidative Stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3070. [PMID: 38594249 PMCID: PMC11003958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular response to redox imbalance is crucial for organismal health. microRNAs are implicated in stress responses. ALG-1, the C. elegans ortholog of human AGO2, plays an essential role in microRNA processing and function. Here we investigated the mechanisms governing ALG-1 expression in C. elegans and the players controlling lifespan and stress resistance downstream of ALG-1. We show that upregulation of ALG-1 is a shared feature in conditions linked to increased longevity (e.g., germline-deficient glp-1 mutants). ALG-1 knockdown reduces lifespan and oxidative stress resistance, while overexpression enhances survival against pro-oxidant agents but not heat or reductive stress. R02D3.7 represses alg-1 expression, impacting oxidative stress resistance at least in part via ALG-1. microRNAs upregulated in glp-1 mutants (miR-87-3p, miR-230-3p, and miR-235-3p) can target genes in the protein disulfide isomerase pathway and protect against oxidative stress. This study unveils a tightly regulated network involving transcription factors and microRNAs which controls organisms' ability to withstand oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Vergani-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raíssa De P Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silas Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro A De-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Camara
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Section on Integrative Physiology & Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deisi L Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Tonon-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Knittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raissa G Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang MG, Seyedolmohadesin M, Hawk S, Park H, Finnen N, Schroeder F, Venkatachalam V, Sternberg PW. Sensory integration of food availability and population density during the diapause exit decision involves insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.586022. [PMID: 38586049 PMCID: PMC10996498 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.586022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Decisions made over long time scales, such as life cycle decisions, require coordinated interplay between sensory perception and sustained gene expression. The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer (or diapause) exit developmental decision requires sensory integration of population density and food availability to induce an all-or-nothing organismal-wide response, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate how the ASJ chemosensory neurons, known to be critical for dauer exit, perform sensory integration at both the levels of gene expression and calcium activity. In response to favorable conditions, dauers rapidly produce and secrete the dauer exit-promoting insulin-like peptide INS-6. Expression of ins-6 in the ASJ neurons integrate population density and food level and can reflect decision commitment since dauers committed to exiting have higher ins-6 expression levels than those of non-committed dauers. Calcium imaging in dauers reveals that the ASJ neurons are activated by food, and this activity is suppressed by pheromone, indicating that sensory integration also occurs at the level of calcium transients. We find that ins-6 expression in the ASJ neurons depends on neuronal activity in the ASJs, cGMP signaling, a CaM-kinase pathway, and the pheromone components ascr#8 and ascr#2. We propose a model in which decision commitment to exit the dauer state involves an autoregulatory feedback loop in the ASJ neurons that promotes high INS-6 production and secretion. These results collectively demonstrate how insulin-like peptide signaling helps animals compute long-term decisions by bridging sensory perception to decision execution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Soraya Hawk
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Heenam Park
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nerissa Finnen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Frank Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gajera G, Funde S, Palep H, Kothari V. Duration of fermentation affects microbiome composition and biological activity of an Indian traditional formulation - Panchagavya. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100880. [PMID: 38457966 PMCID: PMC10940934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating whether the duration of fermenting Panchagavya (PG) preparation in copper vessel affects its biological activity and microbiome composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prophylactic potential of PG against bacterial infection was assessed through an in vivo assay employing the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. Bacterial diversity of the PG samples was revealed through metagenomic analysis. RESULTS Duration of fermentation was found to affect biological activity as well as microbiome composition of the PG samples. PG-samples fermented ≥60 min lost their prophylactic potential, and develop anthelmintic activity. Bacterial phyla whose relative abundance was significantly different between the prophylactic and anthelmintic PG samples were Planctomycetota, Proteabacteria, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Campilobacterota. CONCLUSION This study validates the prophylactic potential of Panchagavya against bacterial pathogens, and shows that duration of the fermentation time while preparing PG can have profound effect on its biological activities. Biological activities of PG samples seem to have a correlation with their inherent microbial community. Metagenomic profiling can be an effective tool for standardization of PG formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Snehal Funde
- Dr. Palep's Medical Research Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schmidt AK, Schwartzkopf CM, Pourtois JD, Burgener E, Faith DR, Joyce A, Lamma T, Kumar G, Bollyky PL, Secor PR. Targeted deletion of Pf prophages from diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates impacts quorum sensing and virulence traits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.19.567716. [PMID: 38014273 PMCID: PMC10680813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that commonly causes medical hardware, wound, and respiratory infections. Temperate filamentous Pf phages that infect P. aeruginosa impact numerous bacterial virulence phenotypes. Most work on Pf phages has focused on strain Pf4 and its host P. aeruginosa PAO1. Expanding from Pf4 and PAO1, this study explores diverse Pf strains infecting P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We describe a simple technique targeting the Pf lysogeny maintenance gene, pflM (PA0718), that enables the effective elimination of Pf prophages from diverse P. aeruginosa hosts. This study also assesses the effects different Pf phages have on host quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and virulence. Collectively, this research not only introduces a valuable tool for Pf prophage elimination from diverse P. aeruginosa isolates, but also advances our understanding of the complex relationship between P. aeruginosa and filamentous Pf phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K. Schmidt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Julie D. Pourtois
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burgener
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dominick R. Faith
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Alex Joyce
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Tyrza Lamma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Geetha Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grandy S, Scur M, Dolan K, Nickerson R, Cheng Z. Using model systems to unravel host-Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1765-1784. [PMID: 37290773 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using model systems in infection biology has led to the discoveries of many pathogen-encoded virulence factors and critical host immune factors to fight pathogenic infections. Studies of the remarkable Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium that infects and causes disease in hosts as divergent as humans and plants afford unique opportunities to shed new light on virulence strategies and host defence mechanisms. One of the rationales for using model systems as a discovery tool to characterise bacterial factors driving human infection outcomes is that many P. aeruginosa virulence factors are required for pathogenesis in diverse different hosts. On the other side, many host signalling components, such as the evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinases, are involved in immune signalling in a diverse range of hosts. Some model organisms that have less complex immune systems also allow dissection of the direct impacts of innate immunity on host defence without the interference of adaptive immunity. In this review, we start with discussing the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in the environment and the ability of this bacterium to cause disease in various hosts as a natural opportunistic pathogen. We then summarise the use of some model systems to study host defence and P. aeruginosa virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Grandy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathleen Dolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Qin Y, Shen C, Zhang J, Tu S, Yang J, Wang Y, Zhou R, Zhang K, Chen J, Yang W. A new miniMOS tool kit capable of visualizing single copy insertion in C. elegans. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15433. [PMID: 37214099 PMCID: PMC10199674 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The miniMOS technique has been widely used in the C. elegans community to generate single copy insertions. A worm is considered as a potential insertion candidate if it is resistant to G418 antibiotics and does not express a co-injected fluorescence marker. If the expression of the extrachromosomal array is very low, it is possible for a worm to be mistakenly identified as a miniMOS candidate, as this low expression level can still confer resistance to G418 without producing a detectable fluorescence signal from the co-injection marker. This may increase the workload for identifying the insertion locus in the subsequent steps. In the present study, we modified the plasmid platform for miniMOS insertion by incorporating a myo-2 promoter-driven TagRFP or a ubiquitous H2B::GFP expression cassette into the targeting vector and introducing two loxP sites flanking the selection cassettes. Based on this new miniMOS tool kit, the removable fluorescence reporters can be used to visualize the single copy insertions, greatly reducing insertion locus identification efforts. In our experience, this new platform greatly facilitates the isolation of the miniMOS mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Li
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuang Qin
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchen Shen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shasha Tu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruyun Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Bioimaging and Neuro-cell Science, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
AlOkda A, Van Raamsdonk JM. Evolutionarily Conserved Role of Thioredoxin Systems in Determining Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040944. [PMID: 37107319 PMCID: PMC10135697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase are evolutionarily conserved antioxidant enzymes that protect organisms from oxidative stress. These proteins also play roles in redox signaling and can act as a redox-independent cellular chaperone. In most organisms, there is a cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thioredoxin system. A number of studies have examined the role of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in determining longevity. Disruption of either thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase is sufficient to shorten lifespan in model organisms including yeast, worms, flies and mice, thereby indicating conservation across species. Similarly, increasing the expression of thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase can extend longevity in multiple model organisms. In humans, there is an association between a specific genetic variant of thioredoxin reductase and lifespan. Overall, the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thioredoxin systems are both important for longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoon KH, Indong RA, Lee JI. Making "Sense" of Ecology from a Genetic Perspective: Caenorhabditis elegans, Microbes and Behavior. Metabolites 2022; 12:1084. [PMID: 36355167 PMCID: PMC9697003 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of animal and behavior in the natural ecology is based on over a century's worth of valuable field studies. In this post-genome era, however, we recognize that genes are the underpinning of ecological interactions between two organisms. Understanding how genes contribute to animal ecology, which is essentially the intersection of two genomes, is a tremendous challenge. The bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the most well-known genetic animal model experimental systems, experiences a complex microbial world in its natural habitat, providing us with a window into the interplay of genes and molecules that result in an animal-microbial ecology. In this review, we will discuss C. elegans natural ecology, how the worm uses its sensory system to detect the microbes and metabolites that it encounters, and then discuss some of the fascinating ecological dances, including behaviors, that have evolved between the nematode and the microbes in its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-hye Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Rocel Amor Indong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Jin I. Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quintin S, Charvin G. Left-right asymmetry in oxidative stress sensing neurons in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000652. [PMID: 36338152 PMCID: PMC9631000 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perception of oxidative stress in nematodes involves specific neurons expressing antioxidant enzymes. Here, we carefully characterized GFP knock-in lines for C. elegans peroxiredoxin PRDX-2 and thioredoxin TRX-1, and uncovered that left and right I2, PHA and ASJ neurons reproducibly express an asymmetric level of each enzyme. We observed that high-expressing neurons are in most cases associated with a particular side, indicating a directional rather than stochastic type of asymmetry. We propose that the biological relevance of this left-right asymmetry is to fine-tune H 2 O 2 or light sensing, which remains to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quintin
- IGBMC, Development and Stem Cells Department
,
CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 France
,
Correspondence to: Sophie Quintin (
)
| | - Gilles Charvin
- IGBMC, Development and Stem Cells Department
,
CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Filipowicz A, Lalsiamthara J, Aballay A. Dissection of a sensorimotor circuit underlying pathogen aversion in C. elegans. BMC Biol 2022; 20:229. [PMID: 36209082 PMCID: PMC9548130 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altering animal behavior to reduce pathogen exposure is a key line of defense against pathogen attack. In Caenorhabditis elegans, alterations in intestinal physiology caused by pathogen colonization and sensation of microbial metabolites may lead to activation of pathogen aversive behaviors ranging from aversive reflexes to learned avoidance. However, the neural circuitry between chemosensory neurons that sense pathogenic bacterial cues and the motor neurons responsible for avoidance-associated locomotion remains unknown. RESULTS Using C. elegans, we found that backward locomotion was a component of learned pathogen avoidance, as animals pre-exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis showed reflexive aversion to drops of the bacteria driven by chemosensory neurons, including the olfactory AWB neurons. This response also involved intestinal distention and, for E. faecalis, required expression of TRPM channels in the intestine and excretory system. Additionally, we uncovered a circuit composed of olfactory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons that controls the backward locomotion crucial for learned reflexive aversion to pathogenic bacteria, learned avoidance, and the repulsive odor 2-nonanone. CONCLUSIONS Using whole-brain simulation and functional assays, we uncovered a novel sensorimotor circuit governing learned reflexive aversion. The discovery of a complete sensorimotor circuit for reflexive aversion demonstrates the utility of using the C. elegans connectome and computational modeling in uncovering new neuronal regulators of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Filipowicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lalsiamthara J, Aballay A. The gut efflux pump MRP-1 exports oxidized glutathione as a danger signal that stimulates behavioral immunity and aversive learning. Commun Biol 2022; 5:422. [PMID: 35513700 PMCID: PMC9072357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune surveillance, which monitors the presence of potentially harmful microorganisms and the perturbations of host physiology that occur in response to infections, is critical to distinguish pathogens from beneficial microbes. Here, we show that multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) functions in the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells to transport byproducts of cellular redox reactions to control both molecular and behavioral immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection disrupts glutathione homeostasis, leading to the excess production of the MRP-1 substrate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Extracellular GSSG triggers pathogen avoidance behavior and primes naïve C. elegans to induce aversive learning behavior via neural NMDA class glutamate receptor-1 (NMR-1). Our results indicate that MRP-1 transports GSSG, which acts as a danger signal capable of warning C. elegans of changes in intestinal homeostasis, thereby initiating a gut neural signal that elicits an appropriate host defense response. The multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) functions in the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells to transport byproducts of cellular redox reactions to control both molecular and behavioral immunity in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harris-Gauthier N, Traa A, AlOkda A, Moldakozhayev A, Anglas U, Soo SK, Van Raamsdonk JM. Mitochondrial thioredoxin system is required for enhanced stress resistance and extended longevity in long-lived mitochondrial mutants. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102335. [PMID: 35598379 PMCID: PMC9126954 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild impairment of mitochondrial function has been shown to increase lifespan in genetic model organisms including worms, flies and mice. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we analyzed RNA sequencing data and found that genes involved in the mitochondrial thioredoxin system, trx-2 and trxr-2, are specifically upregulated in long-lived mitochondrial mutants but not other non-mitochondrial, long-lived mutants. Upregulation of trx-2 and trxr-2 is mediated by activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR). While we decided to focus on the genes of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system for this paper, we identified multiple other antioxidant genes that are upregulated by the mitoUPR in the long-lived mitochondrial mutants including sod-3, prdx-3, gpx-6, gpx-7, gpx-8 and glrx-5. In exploring the role of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system in the long-lived mitochondrial mutants, nuo-6 and isp-1, we found that disruption of either trx-2 or trxr-2 significantly decreases their long lifespan, but has no effect on wild-type lifespan, indicating that the mitochondrial thioredoxin system is specifically required for their longevity. In contrast, disruption of the cytoplasmic thioredoxin gene trx-1 decreases lifespan in nuo-6, isp-1 and wild-type worms, indicating a non-specific detrimental effect on longevity. Disruption of trx-2 or trxr-2 also decreases the enhanced resistance to stress in nuo-6 and isp-1 worms, indicating a role for the mitochondrial thioredoxin system in protecting against exogenous stressors. Overall, this work demonstrates an important role for the mitochondrial thioredoxin system in both stress resistance and lifespan resulting from mild impairment of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial thioredoxin system genes are specifically upregulated in long-lived mitochondrial mutants. Upregulation of mitochondrial thioredoxin genes is mediated by mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mitochondria thioredoxin genes contribute to lifespan extension in long-lived mitochondrial mutants. Mitochondrial thioredoxin genes are required for enhanced resistance to oxidative and other stresses. Disruption of the cytoplasmic thioredoxin gene has a general detrimental effect on lifespan and stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namastheé Harris-Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alibek Moldakozhayev
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ulrich Anglas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonja K Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang W, Wu T, Tu S, Qin Y, Shen C, Li J, Choi MK, Duan F, Zhang Y. Redundant neural circuits regulate olfactory integration. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010029. [PMID: 35100258 PMCID: PMC8830790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory integration is important for survival in a natural habitat. However, how the nervous system processes signals of two odorants present simultaneously to generate a coherent behavioral response is poorly understood. Here, we characterize circuit basis for a form of olfactory integration in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that the presence of a repulsive odorant, 2-nonanone, that signals threat strongly blocks the attraction of other odorants, such as isoamyl alcohol (IAA) or benzaldehyde, that signal food. Using a forward genetic screen, we found that genes known to regulate the structure and function of sensory neurons, osm-5 and osm-1, played a critical role in the integration process. Loss of these genes mildly reduces the response to the repellent 2-nonanone and disrupts the integration effect. Restoring the function of OSM-5 in either AWB or ASH, two sensory neurons known to mediate 2-nonanone-evoked avoidance, is sufficient to rescue. Sensory neurons AWB and downstream interneurons AVA, AIB, RIM that play critical roles in olfactory sensorimotor response are able to process signals generated by 2-nonanone or IAA or the mixture of the two odorants and contribute to the integration. Thus, our results identify redundant neural circuits that regulate the robust effect of a repulsive odorant to block responses to attractive odorants and uncover the neuronal and cellular basis for this complex olfactory task. In their natural environment, animals, including humans, encounter complex olfactory stimuli. Thus, how the brain processes multiple sensory cues to generate a coherent behavioral output is critical for the survival of the animal. In the present study, we combined molecular cellular genetics, optical physiology and behavioral analysis to study a common olfactory phenomenon in which the presence of one odorant blocks the response to another. Our results show that the integrated response is regulated by redundant neuronal circuits that engage several interneurons essential for olfactory sensorimotor responses, a mechanism that likely ensures a robust behavioral response to sensory cues representing information critical for survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Yang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (YZ)
| | - Taihong Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shasha Tu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuang Qin
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchen Shen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangyun Li
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Myung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fengyun Duan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WY); (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schiffer JA, Stumbur SV, Seyedolmohadesin M, Xu Y, Serkin WT, McGowan NG, Banjo O, Torkashvand M, Lin A, Hosea CN, Assié A, Samuel BS, O’Donnell MP, Venkatachalam V, Apfeld J. Modulation of sensory perception by hydrogen peroxide enables Caenorhabditis elegans to find a niche that provides both food and protection from hydrogen peroxide. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010112. [PMID: 34941962 PMCID: PMC8699984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most common chemical threat that organisms face. Here, we show that H2O2 alters the bacterial food preference of Caenorhabditis elegans, enabling the nematodes to find a safe environment with food. H2O2 induces the nematodes to leave food patches of laboratory and microbiome bacteria when those bacterial communities have insufficient H2O2-degrading capacity. The nematode's behavior is directed by H2O2-sensing neurons that promote escape from H2O2 and by bacteria-sensing neurons that promote attraction to bacteria. However, the input for H2O2-sensing neurons is removed by bacterial H2O2-degrading enzymes and the bacteria-sensing neurons' perception of bacteria is prevented by H2O2. The resulting cross-attenuation provides a general mechanism that ensures the nematode's behavior is faithful to the lethal threat of hydrogen peroxide, increasing the nematode's chances of finding a niche that provides both food and protection from hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A. Schiffer
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie V. Stumbur
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maedeh Seyedolmohadesin
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William T. Serkin
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalie G. McGowan
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oluwatosin Banjo
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mahdi Torkashvand
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ciara N. Hosea
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adrien Assié
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Buck S. Samuel
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael P. O’Donnell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Vivek Venkatachalam
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Javier Apfeld
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prakash D, Ms A, Radhika B, Venkatesan R, Chalasani SH, Singh V. 1-Undecene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an olfactory signal for flight-or-fight response in Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106938. [PMID: 34086368 PMCID: PMC8246062 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals possess conserved mechanisms to detect pathogens and to improve survival in their presence by altering their own behavior and physiology. Here, we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to ask whether bacterial volatiles constitute microbe-associated molecular patterns. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identify six prominent volatiles released by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that a specific volatile, 1-undecene, activates nematode odor sensory neurons inducing both flight and fight responses in worms. Using behavioral assays, we show that worms are repelled by 1-undecene and that this aversion response is driven by the detection of this volatile through AWB odor sensory neurons. Furthermore, we find that 1-undecene odor can induce immune effectors specific to P. aeruginosa via AWB neurons and that brief pre-exposure of worms to the odor enhances their survival upon subsequent bacterial infection. These results show that 1-undecene derived from P. aeruginosa serves as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern for the induction of protective responses in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Prakash
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhil Ms
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Radhika Venkatesan
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, India
| | | | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wibisono P, Sun J. Neuro-immune communication in C. elegans defense against pathogen infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:60-65. [PMID: 34368754 PMCID: PMC8344176 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is a complex collection of physical barriers and physiological defense responses to internal and external environmental assaults. Recent studies in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have highlighted how the nervous system interacts with the innate immune system to generate coordinated protective responses. Indeed, studies on neuro-immune interaction pathways have provided mechanistic insights into the roles of neuro-immune communication in modulating both immune and behavioral responses to pathogen attacks. The nervous system releases a variety of neurotransmitters, peptides, and hormones that regulate the innate immune response, while the innate immune system also relays information to the nervous system to affect learning and behavioral responses. Although these interactions still need further investigation, the knowledge that we have gained thus far has improved our understanding of how separate biological systems can act collectively for the survival and well-being of an organism. Here, we review recent studies on neuro-immune communication related to the survival and defense of C. elegans against pathogens. Neuro-immune communication is essential for generating coordinated defense against pathogen infection to improve host survival. Neuro-immune communication modulates both immune and behavioral responses to pathogen attacks. C.elegans is an excellent model system for studying neuro-immune communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Wibisono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jingru Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferkey DM, Sengupta P, L’Etoile ND. Chemosensory signal transduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2021; 217:iyab004. [PMID: 33693646 PMCID: PMC8045692 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory neurons translate perception of external chemical cues, including odorants, tastants, and pheromones, into information that drives attraction or avoidance motor programs. In the laboratory, robust behavioral assays, coupled with powerful genetic, molecular and optical tools, have made Caenorhabditis elegans an ideal experimental system in which to dissect the contributions of individual genes and neurons to ethologically relevant chemosensory behaviors. Here, we review current knowledge of the neurons, signal transduction molecules and regulatory mechanisms that underlie the response of C. elegans to chemicals, including pheromones. The majority of identified molecules and pathways share remarkable homology with sensory mechanisms in other organisms. With the development of new tools and technologies, we anticipate that continued study of chemosensory signal transduction and processing in C. elegans will yield additional new insights into the mechanisms by which this animal is able to detect and discriminate among thousands of chemical cues with a limited sensory neuron repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Ferkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Noelle D L’Etoile
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
In its natural habitat, C. elegans encounters a wide variety of microbes, including food, commensals and pathogens. To be able to survive long enough to reproduce, C. elegans has developed a complex array of responses to pathogens. These activities are coordinated on scales that range from individual organelles to the entire organism. Often, the response is triggered within cells, by detection of infection-induced damage, mainly in the intestine or epidermis. C. elegans has, however, a capacity for cell non-autonomous regulation of these responses. This frequently involves the nervous system, integrating pathogen recognition, altering host biology and governing avoidance behavior. Although there are significant differences with the immune system of mammals, some mechanisms used to limit pathogenesis show remarkable phylogenetic conservation. The past 20 years have witnessed an explosion of host-pathogen interaction studies using C. elegans as a model. This review will discuss the broad themes that have emerged and highlight areas that remain to be fully explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline N Martineau
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Worm-Based Microfluidic Biosensor for Real-Time Assessment of the Metastatic Status. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040873. [PMID: 33669617 PMCID: PMC7922733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We proposed a high-throughput screening and low-cost worm-based (WB) microfluidic biosensor to monitor biochemical cues related to metastasis. Caenorhabditis elegans placed in the WB biosensor chambers and exposed to samples conditioned with cancer cell clusters reflect differences in the chemotactic preference of worms. We observed a higher distribution of worms associated with samples of higher metastatic potential (p < 0.005). A chemotaxis index (CI) was defined to standardize the quantitative assessment from the WB biosensor, where increased metastatic potential was associated with higher CI levels (6.5 ± 1.37). We found that the secreted metabolite glutamate was a chemorepellent, and lower glutamate levels were associated with samples derived from more metastatic cancer cell clusters. In conclusion, WB biosensors could evaluate patient status in real time, thereby facilitating early detection of metastases and routine management. Abstract Background: Metastasis is a complex process that affects patient treatment and survival. To routinely monitor cancer plasticity and guide treatment strategies, it is highly desired to provide information about metastatic status in real-time. Here, we proposed a worm-based (WB) microfluidic biosensor to rapidly monitor biochemical cues related to metastasis in a well-defined environment. Compared to conventional biomarker-based methods, the WB biosensor allowed high throughput screening under low cost, requiring only visual quantification of outputs; Methods: Caenorhabditis elegans were placed in the WB biosensor and exposed to samples conditioned with cancer cell clusters. The chemotactic preference of these worms was observed under discontinuous imaging to minimize the impact on physiological activity; Results: A chemotaxis index (CI) was defined to standardize the quantitative assessment from the WB biosensor, where moderate (3.24–6.5) and high (>6.5) CI levels reflected increased metastasis risk and presence of metastasis, respectively. We demonstrated that the secreted metabolite glutamate was a chemorepellent, and larger clusters associated with increased metastatic potential also enhanced CI levels; Conclusions: Overall, this study provided a proof of concept for the WB biosensors in assessing metastasis status, with the potential to evaluate patient-derived cancer clusters for routine management.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolf T, Perez A, Harris G. Glutamatergic transmission regulates locomotory behavior on a food patch in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000332. [PMID: 33274320 PMCID: PMC7704250 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Wolf
- Biology Program, 1 University Drive, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, Ca, 93012
| | - Ariana Perez
- Biology Program, 1 University Drive, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, Ca, 93012
| | - Gareth Harris
- Biology Program, 1 University Drive, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, Ca, 93012,
Correspondence to: Gareth Harris ()
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stuhr NL, Curran SP. Bacterial diets differentially alter lifespan and healthspan trajectories in C. elegans. Commun Biol 2020; 3:653. [PMID: 33159120 PMCID: PMC7648844 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is one of the more variable aspects in life due to the variety of options that organisms are exposed to in their natural habitats. In the laboratory, C. elegans are raised on bacterial monocultures, traditionally the E. coli B strain OP50, and spontaneously occurring microbial contaminants are removed to limit experimental variability because diet-including the presence of contaminants-can exert a potent influence over animal physiology. In order to diversify the menu available to culture C. elegans in the lab, we have isolated and cultured three such microbes: Methylobacterium, Xanthomonas, and Sphingomonas. The nutritional composition of these bacterial foods is unique, and when fed to C. elegans, can differentially alter multiple life history traits including development, reproduction, and metabolism. In light of the influence each food source has on specific physiological attributes, we comprehensively assessed the impact of these bacteria on animal health and devised a blueprint for utilizing different food combinations over the lifespan, in order to promote longevity. The expansion of the bacterial food options to use in the laboratory will provide a critical tool to better understand the complexities of bacterial diets and subsequent changes in physiology and gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Science, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Science, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
With a nervous system that has only a few hundred neurons, Caenorhabditis elegans was initially not regarded as a model for studies on learning. However, the collective effort of the C. elegans field in the past several decades has shown that the worm displays plasticity in its behavioral response to a wide range of sensory cues in the environment. As a bacteria-feeding worm, C. elegans is highly adaptive to the bacteria enriched in its habitat, especially those that are pathogenic and pose a threat to survival. It uses several common forms of behavioral plasticity that last for different amounts of time, including imprinting and adult-stage associative learning, to modulate its interactions with pathogenic bacteria. Probing the molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying these forms of experience-dependent plasticity has identified signaling pathways and regulatory insights that are conserved in more complex animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
How Bacteria Impact Host Nervous System and Behaviors: Lessons from Flies and Worms. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:998-1010. [PMID: 33051027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Behavior is the neuronally controlled, voluntary or involuntary response of an organism to its environment. An increasing body of evidence indicates that microbes, which live closely associated with animals or in their immediate surroundings, significantly influence animals' behavior. The extreme complexity of the nervous system of animals, combined with the extraordinary microbial diversity, are two major obstacles to understand, at the molecular level, how microbes modulate animal behavior. In this review, we discuss recent advances in dissecting the impact that bacteria have on the nervous system of two genetically tractable invertebrate models, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous in the natural environment of Caenorhabditis elegans. Bacteria serve as a food source for C. elegans but may also cause infection in the nematode host. The sensory nervous system of C. elegans detects diverse microbial molecules, ranging from metabolites produced by broad classes of bacteria to molecules synthesized by specific strains of bacteria. Innate recognition through chemosensation of bacterial metabolites or mechanosensation of bacteria can induce immediate behavioral responses. The ingestion of nutritive or pathogenic bacteria can modulate internal states that underlie long-lasting behavioral changes. Ingestion of nutritive bacteria leads to learned attraction and exploitation of the bacterial food source. Infection, which is accompanied by activation of innate immunity, stress responses, and host damage, leads to the development of aversive behavior. The integration of a multitude of microbial sensory cues in the environment is shaped by experience and context. Genetic, chemical, and neuronal studies of C. elegans behavior in the presence of bacteria have defined neural circuits and neuromodulatory systems that shape innate and learned behavioral responses to microbial cues. These studies have revealed the profound influence that host-microbe interactions have in governing the behavior of this simple animal host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Flavell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh J, Aballay A. Neural control of behavioral and molecular defenses in C. elegans. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 62:34-40. [PMID: 31812835 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems use bi-directional communication to control host responses against microbial pathogens. Recent studies at the interface of the two systems have highlighted important roles of the nervous system in the regulation of both microbicidal pathways and pathogen avoidance behaviors. Studies on the neural circuits in the simple model host Caenorhabditis elegans have significantly improved our understanding of the roles of conserved neural mechanisms in controlling innate immunity. Moreover, behavioral studies have advanced our understanding of how the nervous system may sense potential pathogens and consequently elicit pathogen avoidance, reducing the risk of infection. In this review, we discuss the neural circuits that regulate both behavioral immunity and molecular immunity in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Singh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh J, Aballay A. Intestinal infection regulates behavior and learning via neuroendocrine signaling. eLife 2019; 8:e50033. [PMID: 31674907 PMCID: PMC6884406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogens and subsequent activation of defense responses are critical for the survival of organisms. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans recognizes pathogenic bacteria and elicits defense responses by activating immune pathways and pathogen avoidance. Here we show that chemosensation of phenazines produced by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which leads to rapid activation of DAF-7/TGF-β in ASJ neurons, is insufficient for the elicitation of pathogen avoidance behavior. Instead, intestinal infection and bloating of the lumen, which depend on the virulence of P. aeruginosa, regulates both pathogen avoidance and aversive learning by modulating not only the DAF-7/TGF-β pathway but also the G-protein coupled receptor NPR-1 pathway, which also controls aerotaxis behavior. Modulation of these neuroendocrine pathways by intestinal infection serves as a systemic feedback that enables animals to avoid virulent bacteria. These results reveal how feedback from the intestine during infection can modulate the behavior, learning, and microbial perception of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Singh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferguson GD, Bridge WJ. The glutathione system and the related thiol network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1110.1016/j.redox.2019.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
30
|
Hoffman C, Aballay A. Role of neurons in the control of immune defense. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:30-36. [PMID: 31117013 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have strengthened the notion that neural mechanisms are involved in the control of immune responses. From initial studies that highlighted the vagus nerve control of inflammatory responses in vertebrates, many advances have been made, including the dissection of specific neural circuits that are involved in controlling immunity. Part of this has been facilitated by the use of a tractable model animal, Caenorhabditis elegans, in which individual neurons involved in sensing pathogens and controlling the immune response have been identified. Importantly, some of the underlying mechanisms involved in the neural control of immune pathways appear to be present in evolutionarily diverse species. This review focuses on some major developments in vertebrates and C. elegans, and how these discoveries may lead to advances in understanding neural-immune connections that govern inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Hoffman
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 6351 Richard Jones Hall, Mail Code: L220, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 6351 Richard Jones Hall, Mail Code: L220, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanzo-Machuca Á, Monje Moreno JM, Casado-Navarro R, Karakuzu O, Guerrero-Gómez D, Fierro-González JC, Swoboda P, Muñoz MJ, Garsin DA, Pedrajas JR, Barrios A, Miranda-Vizuete A. Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101178. [PMID: 30953965 PMCID: PMC6449771 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms. C. elegans expressing endogenous “redox-dead” TRX-1 are viable. The extended lifespan extension of worm daf-2 and eat-2 mutants and the food-leaving behaviour of C. elegans males requires a redox-active TRX-1. The SKN-1 nuclear translocation and increased lips-6 expression upon TRX-1 deficiency is redox-independent. TRX-1 regulates dauer formation by both redox-dependent and redox-independent mechanisms. C. elegans is an ideal model to interrogate on the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Sanzo-Machuca
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Casado-Navarro
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ozgur Karakuzu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Guerrero-Gómez
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Peter Swoboda
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Department of Genetics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Danielle A Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - José Rafael Pedrajas
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Señalización Celular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Arantza Barrios
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ferguson GD, Bridge WJ. The glutathione system and the related thiol network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101171. [PMID: 30901603 PMCID: PMC6429583 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of redox biology have contributed to the understanding of the complexity of the thiol-based system in mediating signal transduction. The redox environment is the overall spatiotemporal balance of oxidation-reduction systems within the integrated compartments of the cell, tissues and whole organisms. The ratio of the reduced to disulfide glutathione redox couple (GSH:GSSG) is a key indicator of the redox environment and its associated cellular health. The reaction mechanisms of glutathione-dependent and related thiol-based enzymes play a fundamental role in the function of GSH as a redox regulator. Glutathione homeostasis is maintained by the balance of GSH synthesis (de novo and salvage pathways) and its utilization through its detoxification, thiol signalling, and antioxidant defence functions via GSH-dependent enzymes and free radical scavenging. As such, GSH acts in concert with the entire redox network to maintain reducing conditions in the cell. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a simple model to facilitate further understanding at the multicellular level of the physiological functions of GSH and the GSH-dependent redox network. This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Douglas Ferguson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace John Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Harris G, Wu T, Linfield G, Choi MK, Liu H, Zhang Y. Molecular and cellular modulators for multisensory integration in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007706. [PMID: 30849079 PMCID: PMC6426271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the natural environment, animals often encounter multiple sensory cues that are simultaneously present. The nervous system integrates the relevant sensory information to generate behavioral responses that have adaptive values. However, the neuronal basis and the modulators that regulate integrated behavioral response to multiple sensory cues are not well defined. Here, we address this question using a behavioral decision in C. elegans when the animal is presented with an attractive food source together with a repulsive odorant. We identify specific sensory neurons, interneurons and neuromodulators that orchestrate the decision-making process, suggesting that various states and contexts may modulate the multisensory integration. Among these modulators, we characterize a new function of a conserved TGF-β pathway that regulates the integrated decision by inhibiting the signaling from a set of central neurons. Interestingly, we find that a common set of modulators, including the TGF-β pathway, regulate the integrated response to the pairing of different foods and repellents. Together, our results provide mechanistic insights into the modulatory signals regulating multisensory integration. The present study characterizes the modulation of a behavioral decision in C. elegans when the worm is presented with a food lawn that is paired with a repulsive smell. We show that multiple specific sensory neurons and interneurons play roles in making the decision. We also identify several modulatory molecules that are essential for the integrated decision when the animal faces a choice between the cues of opposing valence. We further show that many of these factors, which often represent different states and contexts, are common for behavioral decisions that integrate sensory information from different types of foods and repellents. Overall, our results reveal the molecular and cellular basis for integration of simultaneously present attractive and repulsive cues to fine-tune decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Harris
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GH); (YZ)
| | - Taihong Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Gaia Linfield
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Myung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - He Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GH); (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh J, Aballay A. Microbial Colonization Activates an Immune Fight-and-Flight Response via Neuroendocrine Signaling. Dev Cell 2019; 49:89-99.e4. [PMID: 30827896 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish harmful and beneficial microbes is critical for the survival of an organism. Here, we show that bloating of the intestinal lumen of Caenorhabditis elegans caused by microbial colonization elicits a microbial aversion behavior. Bloating of the intestinal lumen also activates a broad innate immune response, even in the absence of bacterial pathogens or live bacteria. Neuroendocrine pathway genes are upregulated by intestinal bloating and are required for microbial aversion behavior. We propose that microbial colonization and bloating of the intestine may be perceived as a danger signal that activates an immune fight-and-flight response. These results reveal how inputs from the intestine can aid in the recognition of a broad range of microbes and modulate host behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Singh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seth P, Hsieh PN, Jamal S, Wang L, Gygi SP, Jain MK, Coller J, Stamler JS. Regulation of MicroRNA Machinery and Development by Interspecies S-Nitrosylation. Cell 2019; 176:1014-1025.e12. [PMID: 30794773 PMCID: PMC6559381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules can pass between microbiota and host to influence host cellular functions. However, general principles of interspecies communication have not been discovered. We show here in C. elegans that nitric oxide derived from resident bacteria promotes widespread S-nitrosylation of the host proteome. We further show that microbiota-dependent S-nitrosylation of C. elegans Argonaute protein (ALG-1)-at a site conserved and S-nitrosylated in mammalian Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-alters its function in controlling gene expression via microRNAs. By selectively eliminating nitric oxide generation by the microbiota or S-nitrosylation in ALG-1, we reveal unforeseen effects on host development. Thus, the microbiota can shape the post-translational landscape of the host proteome to regulate microRNA activity, gene expression, and host development. Our findings suggest a general mechanism by which the microbiota may control host cellular functions, as well as a new role for gasotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paishiun N Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suhib Jamal
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Coller
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saito R, Shinkai Y, Doi M. Intestinal F-box protein regulates quick avoidance behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genes Cells 2018; 24:192-201. [PMID: 30589496 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In most animals, avoiding pathogenic bacteria is crucial for better health and a long life span. For this purpose, animals should be able to quickly sense the presence or uptake of pathogens. The intestine could be a candidate organ to induce escape behaviors; however, the intestinal signaling mechanism for acute regulation of neuronal activity is not well understood. Here, we show that adult Caenorhabditis elegans can respond to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 min of exposure. This behavior was much faster than previously observed avoidance behaviors in response to P. aeruginosa. By genetic screening, we isolated a mutant defective in this quick avoidance behavior and found that the novel F-box protein FBXC-58 is involved. FBXC-58 is expressed in several tissues, but defective avoidance was rescued by expression of the protein in the intestine. Interestingly, we also found that some but not all mutants in the p38-MAPK and insulin-like signaling pathways, which function in the immune response to pathogens in the intestine, were defective in the quick avoidance behavior to P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that a novel signaling pathway in the intestine exists to regulate neuronal activity for a quick behavioral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Saito
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group and DAILAB, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group and DAILAB, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motomichi Doi
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group and DAILAB, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|