1
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Skurska E, Szulc B, Kreczko K, Olczak M. Mutations in the SLC35C1 gene, contributing to significant differences in fucosylation patterns, may underlie the diverse phenotypic manifestations observed in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II patients. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 173:106602. [PMID: 38843991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of genetic diseases resulting from defects in the synthesis of glycans and the attachment of glycans to macromolecules. The CDG known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (LAD II) is an autosomal, recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC35C1 gene, encoding a transmembrane protein of the Golgi apparatus, involved in GDP-fucose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi lumen. In this study, a cell-based model was used as a tool to characterize the molecular background of a therapy based on a fucose-supplemented diet. Such therapies have been successfully introduced in some (but not all) known cases of LAD II. In this study, the effect of external fucose was analyzed in SLC35C1 KO cell lines, expressing 11 mutated SLC35C1 proteins, previously discovered in patients with an LAD II diagnosis. For many of them, the cis-Golgi subcellular localization was affected; however, some proteins were localized properly. Additionally, although mutated SLC35C1 caused different α-1-6 core fucosylation of N-glycans, which explains previously described, more or less severe disorder symptoms, the differences practically disappeared after external fucose supplementation, with fucosylation restored to the level observed in healthy cells. This indicates that additional fucose in the diet should improve the condition of all patients. Thus, for patients diagnosed with LAD II we advocate careful analysis of particular mutations using the SLC35C1-KO cell line-based model, to predict changes in localization and fucosylation rate. We also recommend searching for additional mutations in the human genome of LAD II patients, when fucose supplementation does not influence patients' state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skurska
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Szulc
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Kreczko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Olczak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Arab M, Chen T, Lowe M. Mechanisms governing vesicle traffic at the Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102365. [PMID: 38705050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Vesicle transport at the Golgi apparatus is a well-described process, and the major protein components involved have been identified. This includes the coat proteins that function in cargo sorting and vesicle formation, and the proteins that mediate the downstream events of vesicle tethering and membrane fusion. However, despite this knowledge, there remain significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of these processes which includes how they are coordinated in space and time. In this review we discuss recent advances that have provided new insights into the mechanisms of Golgi trafficking, focussing on vesicle formation and cargo sorting, and vesicle tethering and fusion. These studies point to a high degree of spatial organisation of trafficking components at the Golgi and indicate an inherent plasticity of trafficking. Going forward, further advancements in technology and more sophisticated functional assays are expected to yield greater understanding of the mechanisms that govern Golgi trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Arab
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tong Chen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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3
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Harada A, Kunii M, Kurokawa K, Sumi T, Kanda S, Zhang Y, Nadanaka S, Hirosawa KM, Tokunaga K, Tojima T, Taniguchi M, Moriwaki K, Yoshimura SI, Yamamoto-Hino M, Goto S, Katagiri T, Kume S, Hayashi-Nishino M, Nakano M, Miyoshi E, Suzuki KGN, Kitagawa H, Nakano A. Dynamic movement of the Golgi unit and its glycosylation enzyme zones. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4514. [PMID: 38802491 PMCID: PMC11130159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the distribution and dynamics of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi is essential for better understanding this modification. Here, using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology and super-resolution microscopy, we show that the Golgi complex is assembled by a number of small 'Golgi units' that have 1-3 μm in diameter. Each Golgi unit contains small domains of glycosylation enzymes which we call 'zones'. The zones of N- and O-glycosylation enzymes are colocalised. However, they are less colocalised with the zones of a glycosaminoglycan synthesizing enzyme. Golgi units change shapes dynamically and the zones of glycosylation enzymes rapidly move near the rim of the unit. Photobleaching analysis indicates that a glycosaminoglycan synthesizing enzyme moves between units. Depletion of giantin dissociates units and prevents the movement of glycosaminoglycan synthesizing enzymes, which leads to insufficient glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Thus, we show the structure-function relationship of the Golgi and its implications in human pathogenesis.
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Grants
- 17H0622 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 21H02658 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 21K06734 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 17H06413 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 17H06420 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 18H05275 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 18H05275 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 17H06413 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 17H06420 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 18H05275 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kunii
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kanda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichiro M Hirosawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Taniguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kume
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Ando R, Shimozono S, Ago H, Takagi M, Sugiyama M, Kurokawa H, Hirano M, Niino Y, Ueno G, Ishidate F, Fujiwara T, Okada Y, Yamamoto M, Miyawaki A. StayGold variants for molecular fusion and membrane-targeting applications. Nat Methods 2024; 21:648-656. [PMID: 38036853 PMCID: PMC11009113 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although StayGold is a bright and highly photostable fluorescent protein, its propensity for obligate dimer formation may hinder applications in molecular fusion and membrane targeting. To attain monovalent as well as bright and photostable labeling, we engineered tandem dimers of StayGold to promote dispersibility. On the basis of the crystal structure of this fluorescent protein, we disrupted the dimerization to generate a monomeric variant that offers improved photostability and brightness compared to StayGold. We applied the new monovalent StayGold tools to live-cell imaging experiments using spinning-disk laser-scanning confocal microscopy or structured illumination microscopy. We achieved cell-wide, high-spatiotemporal resolution and sustained imaging of dynamic subcellular events, including the targeting of endogenous condensin I to mitotic chromosomes, the movement of the Golgi apparatus and its membranous derivatives along microtubule networks, the distribution of cortical filamentous actin and the remolding of cristae membranes within mobile mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Ando
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-city, Japan
- Department of Optical Biomedical Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimozono
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan
| | - Hideo Ago
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugiyama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurokawa
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirano
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-city, Japan
| | - Yusuke Niino
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan
| | - Go Ueno
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Ishidate
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Physics, UBI and WPI-IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-city, Japan.
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako-city, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Analysis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Schueder F, Rivera-Molina F, Su M, Marin Z, Kidd P, Rothman JE, Toomre D, Bewersdorf J. Unraveling cellular complexity with transient adapters in highly multiplexed super-resolution imaging. Cell 2024; 187:1769-1784.e18. [PMID: 38552613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mapping the intricate spatial relationships between the many different molecules inside a cell is essential to understanding cellular functions in all their complexity. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy offers the required spatial resolution but struggles to reveal more than four different targets simultaneously. Exchanging labels in subsequent imaging rounds for multiplexed imaging extends this number but is limited by its low throughput. Here, we present a method for rapid multiplexed super-resolution microscopy that can, in principle, be applied to a nearly unlimited number of molecular targets by leveraging fluorogenic labeling in conjunction with transient adapter-mediated switching for high-throughput DNA-PAINT (FLASH-PAINT). We demonstrate the versatility of FLASH-PAINT with four applications: mapping nine proteins in a single mammalian cell, elucidating the functional organization of primary cilia by nine-target imaging, revealing the changes in proximity of thirteen different targets in unperturbed and dissociated Golgi stacks, and investigating and quantifying inter-organelle contacts at 3D super-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zach Marin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phylicia Kidd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Benvenuto G, Leone S, Astoricchio E, Bormke S, Jasek S, D'Aniello E, Kittelmann M, McDonald K, Hartenstein V, Baena V, Escrivà H, Bertrand S, Schierwater B, Burkhardt P, Ruiz-Trillo I, Jékely G, Ullrich-Lüter J, Lüter C, D'Aniello S, Arnone MI, Ferraro F. Evolution of the ribbon-like organization of the Golgi apparatus in animal cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113791. [PMID: 38428420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The "ribbon," a structural arrangement in which Golgi stacks connect to each other, is considered to be restricted to vertebrate cells. Although ribbon disruption is linked to various human pathologies, its functional role in cellular processes remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary origin of the Golgi ribbon. We observe a ribbon-like architecture in the cells of several metazoan taxa suggesting its early emergence in animal evolution predating the appearance of vertebrates. Supported by AlphaFold2 modeling, we propose that the evolution of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP) binding by golgin tethers may have driven the joining of Golgi stacks resulting in the ribbon-like configuration. Additionally, we find that Golgi ribbon assembly is a shared developmental feature of deuterostomes, implying a role in embryogenesis. Overall, our study points to the functional significance of the Golgi ribbon beyond vertebrates and underscores the need for further investigations to unravel its elusive biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Benvenuto
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Astoricchio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sanja Jasek
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Maike Kittelmann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Kent McDonald
- Electron Microscope Lab, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Héctor Escrivà
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Stephanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Hannover University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy.
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7
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Tojima T, Suda Y, Jin N, Kurokawa K, Nakano A. Spatiotemporal dissection of the Golgi apparatus and the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment in budding yeast. eLife 2024; 13:e92900. [PMID: 38501165 PMCID: PMC10950332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cargo traffic through the Golgi apparatus is mediated by cisternal maturation, but it remains largely unclear how the cis-cisternae, the earliest Golgi sub-compartment, is generated and how the Golgi matures into the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we use high-speed and high-resolution confocal microscopy to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of a diverse set of proteins that reside in and around the Golgi in budding yeast. We find many mobile punctate structures that harbor yeast counterparts of mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) proteins, which we term 'yeast ERGIC'. It occasionally exhibits approach and contact behavior toward the ER exit sites and gradually matures into the cis-Golgi. Upon treatment with the Golgi-disrupting agent brefeldin A, the ERGIC proteins form larger aggregates corresponding to the Golgi entry core compartment in plants, while cis- and medial-Golgi proteins are absorbed into the ER. We further analyze the dynamics of several late Golgi proteins to better understand the Golgi-TGN transition. Together with our previous studies, we demonstrate a detailed spatiotemporal profile of the entire cisternal maturation process from the ERGIC to the Golgi and further to the TGN.
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Grants
- KAKENHI 19K06669 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 19H04764 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 22K06213 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- CREST JPMJCR21E3 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- KAKENHI 17H06420 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 18H05275 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 23H00382 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Natsuko Jin
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
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8
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Mizuike A, Hanada K. DGARM/C10orf76/ARMH3 for Ceramide Transfer Zone at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Distal Golgi Contacts. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241239443. [PMID: 38515862 PMCID: PMC10956147 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241239443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PtdIns(4)P) is one of the key membrane components which mark the membrane contact sites. In the mammalian Golgi complex, PtdIns(4)P is produced at various subregions via specific mechanisms for each site. Particularly, PtdIns(4)P pools generated at the distal Golgi regions are pivotal for the determination of membrane contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, at which inter-organelle lipid transport takes place. In this short review, we will focus on C10orf76 (or ARMH3), which we propose to rename as DGARM after a distal Golgi armadillo repeat protein, for its function in generating a PtdIns(4)P pool crucial for ER-to-distal Golgi ceramide transport. We further discuss from the viewpoint of the evolutionary conservation of DGARM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mizuike
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety and Information System, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety and Information System, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Obata Y, Kurokawa K, Tojima T, Natsume M, Shiina I, Takahashi T, Abe R, Nakano A, Nishida T. Golgi retention and oncogenic KIT signaling via PLCγ2-PKD2-PI4KIIIβ activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113035. [PMID: 37616163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) develop due to gain-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase gene, KIT. We recently showed that mutant KIT mislocalizes to the Golgi area and initiates uncontrolled signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Golgi retention remain unknown. Here, we show that protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is activated by the mutant, which causes Golgi retention of KIT. In PKD2-inhibited cells, KIT migrates from the Golgi region to lysosomes and subsequently undergoes degradation. Importantly, delocalized KIT cannot trigger downstream activation. In the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN), KIT activates the PKD2-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PKD2-PI4KIIIβ) pathway through phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) to generate a PI4P-rich membrane domain, where the AP1-GGA1 complex is aberrantly recruited. Disruption of any factors in this cascade results in the release of KIT from the Golgi/TGN. Our findings show the molecular mechanisms underlying KIT mislocalization and provide evidence for a strategy for inhibition of oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Obata
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miyuki Natsume
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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10
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Naito T, Yang H, Koh DHZ, Mahajan D, Lu L, Saheki Y. Regulation of cellular cholesterol distribution via non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-Golgi contact sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5867. [PMID: 37735529 PMCID: PMC10514280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulated transport of cholesterol is critical for maintaining its proper distribution in the cell, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid transfer proteins, namely ORP9, OSBP, and GRAMD1s/Asters (GRAMD1a/GRAMD1b/GRAMD1c), control non-vesicular cholesterol transport at points of contact between the ER and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution. ORP9 localizes to the TGN via interaction between its tandem α-helices and ORP10/ORP11. ORP9 extracts PI4P from the TGN to prevent its overaccumulation and suppresses OSBP-mediated PI4P-driven cholesterol transport to the Golgi. By contrast, GRAMD1s transport excess cholesterol from the Golgi to the ER, thereby preventing its build-up. Cells lacking ORP9 exhibit accumulation of cholesterol at the Golgi, which is further enhanced by additional depletion of GRAMD1s with major accumulation in the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by chronic activation of the SREBP-2 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal the importance of regulated lipid transport at ER-Golgi contacts for maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Haoning Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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11
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Wong-Dilworth L, Rodilla-Ramirez C, Fox E, Restel SD, Stockhammer A, Adarska P, Bottanelli F. STED imaging of endogenously tagged ARF GTPases reveals their distinct nanoscale localizations. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202205107. [PMID: 37102998 PMCID: PMC10140647 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPases are major regulators of cellular membrane homeostasis. High sequence similarity and multiple, possibly redundant functions of the five human ARFs make investigating their function a challenging task. To shed light on the roles of the different Golgi-localized ARF members in membrane trafficking, we generated CRISPR-Cas9 knockins (KIs) of type I (ARF1 and ARF3) and type II ARFs (ARF4 and ARF5) and mapped their nanoscale localization with stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy. We find ARF1, ARF4, and ARF5 on segregated nanodomains on the cis-Golgi and ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC), revealing distinct roles in COPI recruitment on early secretory membranes. Interestingly, ARF4 and ARF5 define Golgi-tethered ERGIC elements decorated by COPI and devoid of ARF1. Differential localization of ARF1 and ARF4 on peripheral ERGICs suggests the presence of functionally different classes of intermediate compartments that could regulate bi-directional transport between the ER and the Golgi. Furthermore, ARF1 and ARF3 localize to segregated nanodomains on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and are found on TGN-derived post-Golgi tubules, strengthening the idea of distinct roles in post-Golgi sorting. This work provides the first map of the nanoscale organization of human ARF GTPases on cellular membranes and sets the stage to dissect their numerous cellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleanor Fox
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Petia Adarska
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Fasimoye R, Dong W, Nirujogi RS, Rawat ES, Iguchi M, Nyame K, Phung TK, Bagnoli E, Prescott AR, Alessi DR, Abu-Remaileh M. Golgi-IP, a tool for multimodal analysis of Golgi molecular content. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219953120. [PMID: 37155866 PMCID: PMC10193996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219953120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is a membrane-bound organelle that is essential for protein and lipid biosynthesis. It represents a central trafficking hub that sorts proteins and lipids to various destinations or for secretion from the cell. The Golgi has emerged as a docking platform for cellular signaling pathways including LRRK2 kinase whose deregulation leads to Parkinson disease. Golgi dysfunction is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. To allow the study of the Golgi at high resolution, we report a rapid Golgi immunoprecipitation technique (Golgi-IP) to isolate intact Golgi mini-stacks for subsequent analysis of their content. By fusing the Golgi-resident protein TMEM115 to three tandem HA epitopes (GolgiTAG), we purified the Golgi using Golgi-IP with minimal contamination from other compartments. We then established an analysis pipeline using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the human Golgi proteome, metabolome, and lipidome. Subcellular proteomics confirmed known Golgi proteins and identified proteins not previously associated with the Golgi. Metabolite profiling established the human Golgi metabolome and revealed the enrichment of uridine-diphosphate (UDP) sugars and their derivatives, which is consistent with their roles in protein and lipid glycosylation. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics validated SLC35A2 as the subcellular transporter for UDP-hexose. Finally, lipidomics analysis showed that phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the most abundant Golgi lipids and that glycosphingolipids are enriched in this compartment. Altogether, our work establishes a comprehensive molecular map of the human Golgi and provides a powerful method to study the Golgi with high precision in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi Fasimoye
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Wentao Dong
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Raja S. Nirujogi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Eshaan S. Rawat
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Miharu Iguchi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Toan K. Phung
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Alan R. Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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13
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Amagai Y, Yamada M, Kowada T, Watanabe T, Du Y, Liu R, Naramoto S, Watanabe S, Kyozuka J, Anelli T, Tempio T, Sitia R, Mizukami S, Inaba K. Zinc homeostasis governed by Golgi-resident ZnT family members regulates ERp44-mediated proteostasis at the ER-Golgi interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2683. [PMID: 37160917 PMCID: PMC10170084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many secretory enzymes acquire essential zinc ions (Zn2+) in the Golgi complex. ERp44, a chaperone operating in the early secretory pathway, also binds Zn2+ to regulate its client binding and release for the control of protein traffic and homeostasis. Notably, three membrane transporter complexes, ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7, import Zn2+ into the Golgi lumen in exchange with protons. To identify their specific roles, we here perform quantitative Zn2+ imaging using super-resolution microscopy and Zn2+-probes targeted in specific Golgi subregions. Systematic ZnT-knockdowns reveal that ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7 regulate labile Zn2+ concentration at the distal, medial, and proximal Golgi, respectively, consistent with their localization. Time-course imaging of cells undergoing synchronized secretory protein traffic and functional assays demonstrates that ZnT-mediated Zn2+ fluxes tune the localization, trafficking, and client-retrieval activity of ERp44. Altogether, this study provides deep mechanistic insights into how ZnTs control Zn2+ homeostasis and ERp44-mediated proteostasis along the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Momo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuyin Du
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tempio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Kotidis P, Donini R, Arnsdorf J, Hansen AH, Voldborg BGR, Chiang AWT, Haslam SM, Betenbaugh M, Jimenez Del Val I, Lewis NE, Krambeck F, Kontoravdi C. CHOGlycoNET: Comprehensive glycosylation reaction network for CHO cells. Metab Eng 2023; 76:87-96. [PMID: 36610518 PMCID: PMC11132536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are extensively used for the production of glycoprotein therapeutics proteins, for which N-linked glycans are a critical quality attribute due to their influence on activity and immunogenicity. Manipulation of protein glycosylation is commonly achieved through cell or process engineering, which are often guided by mathematical models. However, each study considers a unique glycosylation reaction network that is tailored around the cell line and product at hand. Herein, we use 200 glycan datasets for both recombinantly produced and native proteins from different CHO cell lines to reconstruct a comprehensive reaction network, CHOGlycoNET, based on the individual minimal reaction networks describing each dataset. CHOGlycoNET is used to investigate the distribution of mannosidase and glycosyltransferase enzymes in the Golgi apparatus and identify key network reactions using machine learning and dimensionality reduction techniques. CHOGlycoNET can be used for accelerating glycomodel development and predicting the effect of glycoengineering strategies. Finally, CHOGlycoNET is wrapped in a SBML file to be used as a standalone model or in combination with CHO cell genome scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Kotidis
- Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Roberto Donini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johnny Arnsdorf
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Holmgaard Hansen
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Gunnar Rude Voldborg
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Austin W T Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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15
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van Bommel DM, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Mapping localization of 21 endogenous proteins in the Golgi apparatus of rodent neurons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2871. [PMID: 36806293 PMCID: PMC9938882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is the major sorting hub in the secretory pathway and particularly important for protein sorting in neurons. Knowledge about protein localization in Golgi compartments is largely based on work in cell lines. Here, we systematically compared protein localization of 21 endogenous proteins in the Golgi apparatus of mouse neurons using confocal microscopy and line scan analysis. We localized these proteins by measuring the distance relative to the canonical TGN marker TGN38. Based on this, proteins fell into three groups: upstream of, overlapping with or downstream of TGN38. Seven proteins showed complete overlap with TGN38, while proteins downstream of TGN38 were located at varying distances from TGN38. Proteins upstream of TGN38 were localized in between TGN38 and the cis-/medial Golgi markers Giantin and GM130. This localization was consistent with protein function. Our data provide an overview of the relative localization of endogenous proteins in the Golgi of primary mouse neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique M. van Bommel
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F. Toonen
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), UMC Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Tie HC, Lu L. Studying the Organization of the Golgi by Super-Resolution Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:113-125. [PMID: 36512213 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is essential for protein transport and posttranslational modification in mammalian cells. It is critical to know the cisternal distribution of Golgi proteins to understand Golgi functions. The cis-to-trans or axial localization of a Golgi protein can be obtained using our previously developed method, Golgi protein localization by imaging centers of mass (GLIM), in nocodazole-induced Golgi ministacks (hereafter referred to as ministacks). However, there is no effective light microscopic method to reveal the lateral localization of a Golgi protein, which is the distribution within the Golgi cisternae. The challenge is partially caused by the random orientations and the tight congregation of Golgi stacks at the perinuclear region. Here, we summarize our method to identify en face and side views of ministacks. It takes advantage of the characteristic ring and double-punctum staining patterns exhibited by cisternal rim-localized proteins. After averaging multiple en face views, the resulting image reveals the intrinsic organization of cisternae in a non-biased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Common Markers and Small Molecule Inhibitors in Golgi Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:453-493. [PMID: 36512231 PMCID: PMC10178357 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we provide a detailed guide for the application of commonly used small molecules to study Golgi structure and function in vitro. Furthermore, we have curated a concise, validated list of endomembrane markers typically used in downstream assays to examine the consequent effect on the Golgi via microscopy and western blot after drug treatment. This chapter will be useful for researchers beginning their foray into the field of intracellular trafficking and Golgi biology.
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18
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Truberg J, Hobohm L, Jochimsen A, Desel C, Schweizer M, Voss M. Endogenous tagging reveals a mid-Golgi localization of the glycosyltransferase-cleaving intramembrane protease SPPL3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119345. [PMID: 36007678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous Golgi-resident enzymes implicated in glycosylation are regulated by the conserved intramembrane protease SPPL3. SPPL3-catalyzed endoproteolysis separates Golgi enzymes from their membrane anchors, enabling subsequent release from the Golgi and secretion. Experimentally altered SPPL3 expression changes glycosylation patterns, yet the regulation of SPPL3-mediated Golgi enzyme cleavage is not understood and conflicting results regarding the subcellular localization of SPPL3 have been reported. Here, we used precise genome editing to generate isogenic cell lines expressing N- or C-terminally tagged SPPL3 from its endogenous locus. Using these cells, we conducted co-localization analyses of tagged endogenous SPPL3 and Golgi markers under steady-state conditions and upon treatment with drugs disrupting Golgi organization. Our data demonstrate that endogenous SPPL3 is Golgi-resident and found predominantly in the mid-Golgi. We find that endogenous SPPL3 co-localizes with its substrates but similarly with non-substrate type II proteins, demonstrating that in addition to co-localization in the Golgi other substrate-intrinsic properties govern SPPL3-mediated intramembrane proteolysis. Given the prevalence of SPPL3-mediated cleavage among Golgi-resident proteins our results have important implications for the regulation of SPPL3 and its role in the organization of the Golgi glycosylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Truberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Hobohm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Jochimsen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Desel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Morphology and Electron Microscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Voss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Rudolf-Höber-Str. 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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19
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Structural Organization and Function of the Golgi Ribbon During Cell Division. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925228. [PMID: 35813197 PMCID: PMC9263219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex has a central role in the secretory traffic. In vertebrate cells it is generally organized in polarized stacks of cisternae that are laterally connected by membranous tubules, forming a structure known as Golgi ribbon. The steady state ribbon arrangement results from a dynamic equilibrium between formation and cleavage of the membrane tubules connecting the stacks. This balance is of great physiological relevance as the unlinking of the ribbon during G2 is required for mitotic entry. A block of this process induces a potent G2 arrest of the cell cycle, indicating that a mitotic “Golgi checkpoint” controls the correct pre-mitotic segregation of the Golgi ribbon. Then, after mitosis onset, the Golgi stacks undergo an extensive disassembly, which is necessary for proper spindle formation. Notably, several Golgi-associated proteins acquire new roles in spindle formation and mitotic progression during mitosis. Here we summarize the current knowledge about the basic principle of the Golgi architecture and its functional relationship with cell division to highlight crucial aspects that need to be addressed to help us understand the physiological significance of the ribbon and the pathological implications of alterations of this organization.
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20
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Tie HC, Mahajan D, Lu L. Visualizing intra-Golgi localization and transport by side-averaging Golgi ministacks. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213180. [PMID: 35467701 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Golgi comprises tightly adjacent and flattened membrane sacs called cisternae. We still do not understand the molecular organization of the Golgi and intra-Golgi transport of cargos. One of the most significant challenges to studying the Golgi is resolving Golgi proteins at the cisternal level under light microscopy. We have developed a side-averaging approach to visualize the cisternal organization and intra-Golgi transport in nocodazole-induced Golgi ministacks. Side-view images of ministacks acquired from Airyscan microscopy are transformed and aligned before intensity normalization and averaging. From side-average images of >30 Golgi proteins, we uncovered the organization of the pre-Golgi, cis, medial, trans, and trans-Golgi network membrane with an unprecedented spatial resolution. We observed the progressive transition of a synchronized cargo wave from the cis to the trans-side of the Golgi. Our data support our previous finding, in which constitutive cargos exit at the trans-Golgi while the secretory targeting to the trans-Golgi network is signal dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Page KM, McCormack JJ, Lopes-da-Silva M, Patella F, Harrison-Lavoie K, Burden JJ, Quah YYB, Scaglioni D, Ferraro F, Cutler DF. Structure modeling hints at a granular organization of the Golgi ribbon. BMC Biol 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35549945 PMCID: PMC9102599 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vertebrate cells, the Golgi functional subunits, mini-stacks, are linked into a tri-dimensional network. How this "ribbon" architecture relates to Golgi functions remains unclear. Are all connections between mini-stacks equal? Is the local structure of the ribbon of functional importance? These are difficult questions to address, without a quantifiable readout of the output of ribbon-embedded mini-stacks. Endothelial cells produce secretory granules, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), whose von Willebrand Factor (VWF) cargo is central to hemostasis. The Golgi apparatus controls WPB size at both mini-stack and ribbon levels. Mini-stack dimensions delimit the size of VWF "boluses" whilst the ribbon architecture allows their linear co-packaging, thereby generating WPBs of different lengths. This Golgi/WPB size relationship suits mathematical analysis. RESULTS WPB lengths were quantized as multiples of the bolus size and mathematical modeling simulated the effects of different Golgi ribbon organizations on WPB size, to be compared with the ground truth of experimental data. An initial simple model, with the Golgi as a single long ribbon composed of linearly interlinked mini-stacks, was refined to a collection of mini-ribbons and then to a mixture of mini-stack dimers plus long ribbon segments. Complementing these models with cell culture experiments led to novel findings. Firstly, one-bolus sized WPBs are secreted faster than larger secretory granules. Secondly, microtubule depolymerization unlinks the Golgi into equal proportions of mini-stack monomers and dimers. Kinetics of binding/unbinding of mini-stack monomers underpinning the presence of stable dimers was then simulated. Assuming that stable mini-stack dimers and monomers persist within the ribbon resulted in a final model that predicts a "breathing" arrangement of the Golgi, where monomer and dimer mini-stacks within longer structures undergo continuous linking/unlinking, consistent with experimentally observed WPB size distributions. CONCLUSIONS Hypothetical Golgi organizations were validated against a quantifiable secretory output. The best-fitting Golgi model, accounting for stable mini-stack dimers, is consistent with a highly dynamic ribbon structure, capable of rapid rearrangement. Our modeling exercise therefore predicts that at the fine-grained level the Golgi ribbon is more complex than generally thought. Future experiments will confirm whether such a ribbon organization is endothelial-specific or a general feature of vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Page
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Jessica J. McCormack
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Mafalda Lopes-da-Silva
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,grid.10772.330000000121511713Current address: iNOVA4Health, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francesca Patella
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK ,Current address: Kinomica, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG UK
| | - Kimberly Harrison-Lavoie
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Jemima J. Burden
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Ying-Yi Bernadette Quah
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Dominic Scaglioni
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, BEOM, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniel F. Cutler
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Laboratory for Molecular cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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22
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Nakano A. The Golgi Apparatus and its Next-Door Neighbors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884360. [PMID: 35573670 PMCID: PMC9096111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus represents a central compartment of membrane traffic. Its apparent architecture, however, differs considerably among species, from unstacked and scattered cisternae in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to beautiful ministacks in plants and further to gigantic ribbon structures typically seen in mammals. Considering the well-conserved functions of the Golgi, its fundamental structure must have been optimized despite seemingly different architectures. In addition to the core layers of cisternae, the Golgi is usually accompanied by next-door compartments on its cis and trans sides. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) can be now considered as a compartment independent from the Golgi stack. On the cis side, the intermediate compartment between the ER and the Golgi (ERGIC) has been known in mammalian cells, and its functional equivalent is now suggested for yeast and plant cells. High-resolution live imaging is extremely powerful for elucidating the dynamics of these compartments and has revealed amazing similarities in their behaviors, indicating common mechanisms conserved along the long course of evolution. From these new findings, I would like to propose reconsideration of compartments and suggest a new concept to describe their roles comprehensively around the Golgi and in the post-Golgi trafficking.
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23
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Sahu P, Balakrishnan A, Di Martino R, Luini A, Russo D. Role of the Mosaic Cisternal Maturation Machinery in Glycan Synthesis and Oncogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842448. [PMID: 35465326 PMCID: PMC9019784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is associated with the deregulation of multiple processes, among which the glycosylation of lipids and proteins is one of the most extensively affected. However, in most cases, it remains unclear whether aberrant glycosylation is a cause, a link in the pathogenetic chain, or a mere consequence of tumorigenesis. In other cases, instead, studies have shown that aberrant glycans can promote oncogenesis. To comprehend how aberrant glycans are generated it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms of glycan synthesis at the Golgi apparatus, which are still poorly understood. Important factors that determine the glycosylation potential of the Golgi apparatus are the levels and intra-Golgi localization of the glycosylation enzymes. These factors are regulated by the process of cisternal maturation which transports the cargoes through the Golgi apparatus while retaining the glycosylation enzymes in the organelle. This mechanism has till now been considered a single, house-keeping and constitutive function. Instead, we here propose that it is a mosaic of pathways, each controlling specific set of functionally related glycosylation enzymes. This changes the conception of cisternal maturation from a constitutive to a highly regulated function. In this new light, we discuss potential new groups oncogenes among the cisternal maturation machinery that can contribute to aberrant glycosylation observed in cancer cells. Further, we also discuss the prospects of novel anticancer treatments targeting the intra-Golgi trafficking process, particularly the cisternal maturation mechanism, to control/inhibit the production of pro-tumorigenic glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. Luini
- *Correspondence: A. Luini, ; D. Russo,
| | - D. Russo
- *Correspondence: A. Luini, ; D. Russo,
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24
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Roberts BS, Yang CQ, Neher SB. Characterization of lipoprotein lipase storage vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258734. [PMID: 34382637 PMCID: PMC8403984 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a secreted triglyceride lipase involved in the clearance of very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons from circulation. LPL is expressed primarily in adipose and muscle tissues and transported to the capillary lumen. LPL secretion is regulated by insulin in adipose tissue; however, few studies have examined the regulatory and trafficking steps involved in secretion. Here, we describe the intracellular localization and insulin-dependent trafficking of LPL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We compared LPL trafficking to the better characterized trafficking pathways taken by leptin and GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4). We show that the LPL trafficking pathway shares some characteristics of these other pathways, but that LPL subcellular localization and trafficking are distinct from those of GLUT4 and leptin. LPL secretion occurs slowly in response to insulin and rapidly in response to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. This regulated trafficking is dependent on Golgi protein kinase D and the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase ARF1. Together, these data give support to a new trafficking pathway for soluble cargo that is active in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saskia B. Neher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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25
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Fourriere L, Cho EHJ, Gleeson PA. Segregation of the membrane cargoes, BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) throughout the Golgi apparatus. Traffic 2022; 23:158-173. [PMID: 35076977 PMCID: PMC9303681 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of β‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and APP regulates amyloid‐β production. Our previous work demonstrated that newly synthesized BACE1 and APP are segregated into distinct trafficking pathways from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), and that alterations in their trafficking lead to an increase in Aβ production in non‐neuronal and neuronal cells. However, it is not known whether BACE1 and APP are transported through the Golgi stacks together and sorted at the TGN or segregated prior to arrival at the TGN. To address this question, we have used high‐resolution Airyscan technology followed by Huygens deconvolution to quantify the overlap of BACE1 and APP in Golgi subcompartments in HeLa cells and primary neurons. Here, we show that APP and BACE1 are segregated, on exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cis‐Golgi and throughout the Golgi stack. In contrast, the transferrin receptor, which exits the TGN in AP‐1 mediated transport carriers as for BACE1, colocalizes with BACE1, but not APP, throughout the Golgi stack. The segregation of APP and BACE1 is independent of the Golgi ribbon structure and the cytoplasmic domain of the cargo. Overall, our findings reveal the segregation of different membrane cargoes early in the secretory pathway, a finding relevant to the regulation of APP processing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Hyun-Jung Cho
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Hellicar J, Stevenson NL, Stephens DJ, Lowe M. Supply chain logistics - the role of the Golgi complex in extracellular matrix production and maintenance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273996. [PMID: 35023559 PMCID: PMC8767278 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition and quality of their extracellular matrix. This, in turn, is highly dependent on the function and organisation of the secretory pathway. The Golgi complex plays a vital role in directing matrix output by co-ordinating the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing of matrix components prior to their secretion. These modifications have broad impacts on the secretion and subsequent assembly of matrix components, as well as their function in the extracellular environment. In this Review, we highlight the role of the Golgi in the formation of an adaptable, healthy matrix, with a focus on proteoglycan and procollagen secretion as example cargoes. We then discuss the impact of Golgi dysfunction on connective tissue in the context of human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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27
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Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Ramazanov BR, Tran ML, von Blume J. Sending out molecules from the TGN. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:55-62. [PMID: 33706234 PMCID: PMC8328904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The sorting of secreted cargo proteins and their export from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remains an enigma in the field of membrane trafficking; although the sorting mechanisms of many transmembrane proteins have been well described. The sorting of secreted proteins at the TGN is crucial for the release of signaling factors, as well as extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins are required for cell-cell communication and integrity of an organism. Missecretion of these factors can cause diseases such as neurological disorders, autoimmune disease, or cancer. The major open question is how soluble proteins that are not associated with the membrane are packed into TGN derived transport carriers to facilitate their transport to the plasma membrane. Recent investigations have identified novel types of protein and lipid machinery that facilitate the packing of these molecules into a TGN derived vesicle. In addition, novel research has uncovered an exciting link between cargo sorting and export in which TGN structure and dynamics, as well as TGN/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, play a significant role. Here, we have reviewed the progress made in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat R Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus adhere to each other to form stacks, which are aligned side by side to form the Golgi ribbon. Two proteins, GRASP65 and GRASP55, previously implicated in stacking of cisternae, are shown to be required for the formation of the Golgi ribbon.
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30
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Chakrabarti R, Lee M, Higgs HN. Multiple roles for actin in secretory and endocytic pathways. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R603-R618. [PMID: 34033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments play multiple roles in the secretory pathway and in endosome dynamics in mammals, including maintenance of Golgi structure, release of membrane cargo from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endocytosis, and endosomal sorting dynamics. In addition, TGN carrier transport and endocytosis both occur by multiple mechanisms in mammals. Actin likely plays a role in at least four mammalian endocytic pathways, five pathways for membrane release from the TGN, and three processes involving endosomes. Also, the mammalian Golgi structure is highly dynamic, and actin is likely important for these dynamics. One challenge for many of these processes is the need to deal with other membrane-associated structures, such as the cortical actin network at the plasma membrane or the matrix that surrounds the Golgi. Arp2/3 complex is a major actin assembly factor in most of the processes mentioned, but roles for formins and tandem WH2-motif-containing assembly factors are being elucidated and are anticipated to grow with further study. The specific role for actin has not been defined for most of these processes, but is likely to involve the generation of force for membrane dynamics, either by actin polymerization itself or by myosin motor activity. Defining these processes mechanistically is necessary for understanding membrane dynamics in general, as well as pathways that utilize these processes, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Miriam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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31
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Grond R, Veenendaal T, Duran JM, Raote I, van Es JH, Corstjens S, Delfgou L, El Haddouti B, Malhotra V, Rabouille C. The function of GORASPs in Golgi apparatus organization in vivo. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151880. [PMID: 32573693 PMCID: PMC7480117 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments have shown that GRASP65 (GORASP1) and GRASP55 (GORASP2) proteins function in stacking Golgi cisternae. However, in vivo depletion of GORASPs in metazoans has given equivocal results. We have generated a mouse lacking both GORASPs and find that Golgi cisternae remained stacked. However, the stacks are disconnected laterally from each other, and the cisternal cross-sectional diameters are significantly reduced compared with their normal counterparts. These data support earlier findings on the role of GORASPs in linking stacks, and we suggest that unlinking of stacks likely affects dynamic control of COPI budding and vesicle fusion at the rims. The net result is that cisternal cores remain stacked, but cisternal diameter is reduced by rim consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Grond
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Duran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Corstjens
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Delfgou
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benaissa El Haddouti
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biological Science of Cell and Systems, Utrecht Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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32
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Lujan P, Angulo-Capel J, Chabanon M, Campelo F. Interorganelle communication and membrane shaping in the early secretory pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:95-102. [PMID: 33711785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules in the secretory pathway use membrane trafficking for reaching their final intracellular destination or for secretion outside the cell. This highly dynamic and multipartite process involves different organelles that communicate to one another while maintaining their identity, shape, and function. Recent studies unraveled new mechanisms of interorganelle communication that help organize the early secretory pathway. We highlight how the spatial proximity between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites and early Golgi elements provides novel means of ER-Golgi communication for ER export. We also review recent findings on how membrane contact sites between the ER and the trans-Golgi membranes can sustain anterograde traffic out of the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Angulo-Capel
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Brumfield A, Chaudhary N, Molle D, Wen J, Graumann J, McGraw TE. Insulin-promoted mobilization of GLUT4 from a perinuclear storage site requires RAB10. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:57-73. [PMID: 33175605 PMCID: PMC8098823 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin controls glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells by inducing a net redistribution of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular storage to the plasma membrane (PM). The TBC1D4-RAB10 signaling module is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the PM, although where it intersects GLUT4 traffic was unknown. Here we demonstrate that TBC1D4-RAB10 functions to control GLUT4 mobilization from a trans-Golgi network (TGN) storage compartment, establishing that insulin, in addition to regulating the PM proximal effects of GLUT4-containing vesicles docking to and fusion with the PM, also directly regulates the behavior of GLUT4 deeper within the cell. We also show that GLUT4 is retained in an element/domain of the TGN from which newly synthesized lysosomal proteins are targeted to the late endosomes and the ATP7A copper transporter is translocated to the PM by elevated copper. Insulin does not mobilize ATP7A nor does copper mobilize GLUT4, and RAB10 is not required for copper-elicited ATP7A mobilization. Consequently, GLUT4 intracellular sequestration and mobilization by insulin is achieved, in part, through utilizing a region of the TGN devoted to specialized cargo transport in general rather than being specific for GLUT4. Our results define the GLUT4-containing region of the TGN as a sorting and storage site from which different cargo are mobilized by distinct signals through unique molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dorothee Molle
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, 24144 Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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34
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Sun X, Tie HC, Chen B, Lu L. Glycans function as a Golgi export signal to promote the constitutive exocytic trafficking. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14750-14762. [PMID: 32826314 PMCID: PMC7586228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins in the secretory pathway are glycosylated. However, the role of glycans in membrane trafficking is still unclear. Here, we discovered that transmembrane secretory cargos, such as interleukin 2 receptor α subunit or Tac, transferrin receptor, and cluster of differentiation 8a, unexpectedly displayed substantial Golgi localization when their O-glycosylation was compromised. By quantitatively measuring their Golgi residence times, we found that the observed Golgi localization of O-glycan–deficient cargos is due to their slow Golgi export. Using a superresolution microscopy method that we previously developed, we revealed that O-glycan–deficient Tac chimeras localize at the interior of the trans-Golgi cisternae. O-Glycans were observed to be both necessary and sufficient for the efficient Golgi export of Tac chimeras. By sequentially introducing O-glycosylation sites to ST6GAL1, we demonstrated that O-glycan's effect on Golgi export is probably additive. Finally, the finding that N-glycosylated GFP substantially reduces the Golgi residence time of a Tac chimera suggests that N-glycans might have a similar effect. Therefore, both O- and N-glycans might function as a generic Golgi export signal at the trans-Golgi to promote the constitutive exocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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35
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Roy Chowdhury S, Bhattacharjee C, Casler JC, Jain BK, Glick BS, Bhattacharyya D. ER arrival sites associate with ER exit sites to create bidirectional transport portals. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201902114. [PMID: 32328626 PMCID: PMC7147096 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COPI vesicles mediate Golgi-to-ER recycling, but COPI vesicle arrival sites at the ER have been poorly defined. We explored this issue using the yeast Pichia pastoris. ER arrival sites (ERAS) can be visualized by labeling COPI vesicle tethers such as Tip20. Our results place ERAS at the periphery of COPII-labeled ER export sites (ERES). The dynamics of ERES and ERAS are indistinguishable, indicating that these structures are tightly coupled. Displacement or degradation of Tip20 does not alter ERES organization, whereas displacement or degradation of either COPII or COPI components disrupts ERAS organization. We infer that Golgi compartments form at ERES and then produce COPI vesicles to generate ERAS. As a result, ERES and ERAS are functionally linked to create bidirectional transport portals at the ER-Golgi interface. COPI vesicles likely become tethered while they bud, thereby promoting efficient retrograde transport. In mammalian cells, the Tip20 homologue RINT1 associates with ERES, indicating possible conservation of the link between ERES and ERAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Chumki Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Jason C. Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Benjamin S. Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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36
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Rebane AA, Ziltener P, LaMonica LC, Bauer AH, Zheng H, López-Montero I, Pincet F, Rothman JE, Ernst AM. Liquid-liquid phase separation of the Golgi matrix protein GM130. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:1132-1144. [PMID: 31833055 PMCID: PMC7160038 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Golgins are an abundant class of peripheral membrane proteins of the Golgi. These very long (50–400 nm) rod‐like proteins initially capture cognate transport vesicles, thus enabling subsequent SNARE‐mediated membrane fusion. Here, we explore the hypothesis that in addition to serving as vesicle tethers, Golgins may also possess the capacity to phase separate and, thereby, contribute to the internal organization of the Golgi. GM130 is the most abundant Golgin at the cis Golgi. Remarkably, overexpressed GM130 forms liquid droplets in cells analogous to those described for numerous intrinsically disordered proteins with low complexity sequences, even though GM130 is neither low in complexity nor intrinsically disordered. Virtually pure recombinant GM130 also phase‐separates into dynamic, liquid‐like droplets in close to physiological buffers and at concentrations similar to its estimated local concentration at the cis Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Ziltener
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren C LaMonica
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonia H Bauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ, Paris, France
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Satoh A, Hayashi-Nishino M, Shakuno T, Masuda J, Koreishi M, Murakami R, Nakamura Y, Nakamura T, Abe-Kanoh N, Honjo Y, Malsam J, Yu S, Nishino K. The Golgin Protein Giantin Regulates Interconnections Between Golgi Stacks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:160. [PMID: 31544102 PMCID: PMC6732663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgins are a family of Golgi-localized long coiled-coil proteins. The major golgin function is thought to be the tethering of vesicles, membranes, and cytoskeletal elements to the Golgi. We previously showed that knockdown of one of the longest golgins, Giantin, altered the glycosylation patterns of cell surfaces and the kinetics of cargo transport, suggesting that Giantin maintains correct glycosylation through slowing down transport within the Golgi. Giantin knockdown also altered the sizes and numbers of mini Golgi stacks generated by microtubule de-polymerization, suggesting that it maintains the independence of individual Golgi stacks. Therefore, it is presumed that Golgi stacks lose their independence following Giantin knockdown, allowing easier and possibly increased transport among stacks and abnormal glycosylation. To gain structural insights into the independence of Golgi stacks, we herein performed electron tomography and 3D modeling of Golgi stacks in Giantin knockdown cells. Compared with control cells, Giantin-knockdown cells had fewer and smaller fenestrae within each cisterna. This was supported by data showing that the diffusion rate of Golgi membrane proteins is faster in Giantin-knockdown Golgi, indicating that Giantin knockdown structurally and functionally increases connectivity among Golgi cisternae and stacks. This increased connectivity suggests that contrary to the cis-golgin tether model, Giantin instead inhibits the tether and fusion of nearby Golgi cisternae and stacks, resulting in transport difficulties between stacks that may enable the correct glycosylation of proteins and lipids passing through the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Takuto Shakuno
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junko Masuda
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Koreishi
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Runa Murakami
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naomi Abe-Kanoh
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Honjo
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Joerg Malsam
- Center for Biochemistry (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sidney Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kunihiko Nishino
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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38
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Radical Stress Is More Cytotoxic in the Nucleus than in Other Organelles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174147. [PMID: 31450682 PMCID: PMC6747261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product of mitochondrial metabolism, especially under hypoxia. ROS are also enzymatically generated at the plasma membrane during inflammation. Radicals cause cellular damage leading to cell death, as they react indiscriminately with surrounding lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. However, ROS are also important for many physiological processes, including signaling, pathogen killing and chemotaxis. The sensitivity of cells to ROS therefore likely depends on the subcellular location of ROS production, but how this affects cell viability is poorly understood. As ROS generation consumes oxygen, and hypoxia-mediated signaling upregulates expression of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, it is difficult to discern hypoxic from radical stress. In this study, we developed an optogenetic toolbox for organelle-specific generation of ROS using the photosensitizer protein SuperNova which produces superoxide anion upon excitation with 590 nm light. We fused SuperNova to organelle specific localization signals to induce ROS with high precision. Selective ROS production did not affect cell viability in most organelles except for the nucleus. SuperNova is a promising tool to induce locally targeted ROS production, opening up new possibilities to investigate processes and organelles that are affected by localized ROS production.
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39
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Saraste J, Prydz K. A New Look at the Functional Organization of the Golgi Ribbon. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:171. [PMID: 31497600 PMCID: PMC6713163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of vertebrate cells is a Golgi ribbon consisting of multiple cisternal stacks connected into a single-copy organelle next to the centrosome. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms that link the stacks together and the functional significance of ribbon formation remain poorly understood. Nevertheless, these questions are of considerable interest, since there is increasing evidence that Golgi fragmentation – the unlinking of the stacks in the ribbon – is intimately connected not only to normal physiological processes, such as cell division and migration, but also to pathological states, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Challenging a commonly held view that ribbon architecture involves the formation of homotypic tubular bridges between the Golgi stacks, we present an alternative model, based on direct interaction between the biosynthetic (pre-Golgi) and endocytic (post-Golgi) membrane networks and their connection with the centrosome. We propose that the central domains of these permanent pre- and post-Golgi networks function together in the biogenesis and maintenance of the more transient Golgi stacks, and thereby establish “linker compartments” that dynamically join the stacks together. This model provides insight into the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon that takes place in dividing and migrating cells and its regulation along a cell surface – Golgi – centrosome axis. Moreover, it helps to understand transport pathways that either traverse or bypass the Golgi stacks and the positioning of the Golgi apparatus in differentiated neuronal, epithelial, and muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Prydz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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40
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Sosicka P, Bazan B, Maszczak-Seneczko D, Shauchuk Y, Olczak T, Olczak M. SLC35A5 Protein-A Golgi Complex Member with Putative Nucleotide Sugar Transport Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020276. [PMID: 30641943 PMCID: PMC6359379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 35 member A5 (SLC35A5) is a member of the SLC35A protein subfamily comprising nucleotide sugar transporters. However, the function of SLC35A5 is yet to be experimentally determined. In this study, we inactivated the SLC35A5 gene in the HepG2 cell line to study a potential role of this protein in glycosylation. Introduced modification affected neither N- nor O-glycans. There was also no influence of the gene knock-out on glycolipid synthesis. However, inactivation of the SLC35A5 gene caused a slight increase in the level of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Moreover, inactivation of the SLC35A5 gene resulted in the decrease of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine Golgi uptake, with no influence on the UDP-galactose transport activity. Further studies demonstrated that SLC35A5 localized exclusively to the Golgi apparatus. Careful insight into the protein sequence revealed that the C-terminus of this protein is extremely acidic and contains distinctive motifs, namely DXEE, DXD, and DXXD. Our studies show that the C-terminus is directed toward the cytosol. We also demonstrated that SLC35A5 formed homomers, as well as heteromers with other members of the SLC35A protein subfamily. In conclusion, the SLC35A5 protein might be a Golgi-resident multiprotein complex member engaged in nucleotide sugar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Bożena Bazan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Maszczak-Seneczko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Yauhen Shauchuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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