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Ahmad S, Attisano L. Wnt5a Promotes Axon Elongation in Coordination with the Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1268. [PMID: 39120298 PMCID: PMC11312420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal polarity, involving axon specification and outgrowth, is critical to achieve the proper morphology of neurons, which is important for neuronal connectivity and cognitive functions. Extracellular factors, such as Wnts, modulate diverse aspects of neuronal morphology. In particular, non-canonical Wnt5a exhibits differential effects on neurite outgrowth depending upon the context. Thus, the role of Wnt5a in axon outgrowth and neuronal polarization is not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Wnt5a, but not Wnt3a, promotes axon outgrowth in dissociated mouse embryonic cortical neurons and does so in coordination with the core PCP components, Prickle and Vangl. Unexpectedly, exogenous Wnt5a-induced axon outgrowth was dependent on endogenous, neuronal Wnts, as the chemical inhibition of Porcupine using the IWP2- and siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Porcupine or Wntless inhibited Wnt5a-induced elongation. Importantly, delayed treatment with IWP2 did not block Wnt5a-induced elongation, suggesting that endogenous Wnts and Wnt5a act during specific timeframes of neuronal polarization. Wnt5a in fibroblast-conditioned media can associate with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and we also show that these Wnt5a-containing sEVs are primarily responsible for inducing axon elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
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2
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Clancy S, Xie N, Muttikkal TE, Wang J, Fateh E, Smith M, Wilson P, Smith M, Hogan A, Sutherland A, Lu X. Rac1 and Nectin3 are essential for PCP-directed axon guidance in the peripheral auditory system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597585. [PMID: 38895287 PMCID: PMC11185701 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our sense of hearing is critically dependent on the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that connect the sound receptors in the organ of Corti (OC) to the cochlear nuclei of the hindbrain. Type I SGNs innervate inner hair cells (IHCs) to transmit sound signals, while type II SGNs (SGNIIs) innervate outer hair cells (OHCs) to detect moderate-to-intense sound. During development, SGNII afferents make a characteristic 90-degree turn toward the base of the cochlea and innervate multiple OHCs. It has been shown that the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway acts non-autonomously to mediate environmental cues in the cochlear epithelium for SGNII afferent turning towards the base. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we present evidence that PCP signaling regulates multiple downstream effectors to influence cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton in cochlear supporting cells (SCs), which serve as intermediate targets of SGNII afferents. We show that the core PCP gene Vangl2 regulates the localization of the small GTPase Rac1 and the cell adhesion molecule Nectin3 at SC-SC junctions through which SGNII afferents travel. Through in vivo genetic analysis, we also show that loss of Rac1 or Nectin3 partially phenocopied SGNII peripheral afferent turning defects in Vangl2 mutants, and that Rac1 plays a non-autonomous role in this process in part by regulating PCP protein localization at the SC-SC junctions. Additionally, epistasis analysis indicates that Nectin3 and Rac1 likely act in the same genetic pathway to control SGNII afferent turning. Together, these experiments identify Nectin3 and Rac1 as novel regulators of PCP-directed SGNII axon guidance in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylyn Clancy
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Nicholas Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | | | - Jasmine Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Esha Fateh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Margaret Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Phillip Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Arielle Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Ann Sutherland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
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3
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Chen B, Wang L, Li X, Shi Z, Duan J, Wei JA, Li C, Pang C, Wang D, Zhang K, Chen H, Na W, Zhang L, So KF, Zhou L, Jiang B, Yuan TF, Qu Y. Celsr2 regulates NMDA receptors and dendritic homeostasis in dorsal CA1 to enable social memory. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1583-1594. [PMID: 35789199 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social recognition and memory are critical for survival. The hippocampus serves as a central neural substrate underlying the dynamic coding and transmission of social information. Yet the molecular mechanisms regulating social memory integrity in hippocampus remain unelucidated. Here we report unexpected roles of Celsr2, an atypical cadherin, in regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity and social memory in mice. Celsr2-deficient mice exhibited defective social memory, with rather intact levels of sociability. In vivo fiber photometry recordings disclosed decreased neural activity of dorsal CA1 pyramidal neuron in Celsr2 mutants performing social memory task. Celsr2 deficiency led to selective impairment in NMDAR but not AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission, and to neuronal hypoactivity in dorsal CA1. Those activity changes were accompanied with exuberant apical dendrites and immaturity of spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Strikingly, knockdown of Celsr2 in adult hippocampus recapitulated the behavioral and cellular changes observed in knockout mice. Restoring NMDAR transmission or CA1 neuronal activities rescued social memory deficits. Collectively, these results show a critical role of Celsr2 in orchestrating dorsal hippocampal NMDAR function, dendritic and spine homeostasis, and social memory in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laijian Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ji-An Wei
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cunzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chaoqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Diyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanying Na
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibo Qu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Functional interaction between Vangl2 and N-cadherin regulates planar cell polarization of the developing neural tube and cochlear sensory epithelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3905. [PMID: 36890135 PMCID: PMC9995352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the core constituents of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling have been extensively studied, their downstream molecules and protein-protein interactions have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show genetic and molecular evidence that the PCP factor, Vangl2, functionally interacts with the cell-cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin (also known as Cdh2), for typical PCP-dependent neural development. Vangl2 and N-cadherin physically interact in the neural plates undergoing convergent extension. Unlike monogenic heterozygotes, digenic heterozygous mice with Vangl2 and Cdh2 mutants exhibited defects in neural tube closure and cochlear hair cell orientation. Despite this genetic interaction, neuroepithelial cells derived from the digenic heterozygotes did not show additive changes from the monogenic heterozygotes of Vangl2 in the RhoA-ROCK-Mypt1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-Jun pathways of Wnt/PCP signaling. Thus, cooperation between Vangl2 and N-cadherin is at least partly via direct molecular interaction; it is essential for the planar polarized development of neural tissues but not significantly associated with RhoA or JNK pathways.
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5
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Schneider F, Metz I, Rust MB. Regulation of actin filament assembly and disassembly in growth cone motility and axon guidance. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:21-35. [PMID: 36336143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Directed outgrowth of axons is fundamental for the establishment of neuronal networks. Axon outgrowth is guided by growth cones, highly motile structures enriched in filamentous actin (F-actin) located at the axons' distal tips. Growth cones exploit F-actin-based protrusions to scan the environment for guidance cues, and they contain the sensory apparatus to translate guidance cue information into intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades act upstream of actin-binding proteins (ABP) and thereby control assembly and disassembly of F-actin. Spatiotemporally controlled F-actin dis-/assembly in growth cones steers the axon towards attractants and away from repellents, and it thereby navigates the axon through the developing nervous system. Hence, ABP that control F-actin dynamics emerged as critical regulators of neuronal network formation. In the present review article, we will summarize and discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that control remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in growth cones, focusing on recent progress in the field. Further, we will introduce tools and techniques that allow to study actin regulatory mechanism in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Metz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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6
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Boëx M, Cottin S, Halliez M, Bauché S, Buon C, Sans N, Montcouquiol M, Molgó J, Amar M, Ferry A, Lemaitre M, Rouche A, Langui D, Baskaran A, Fontaine B, Messéant J, Strochlic L. The cell polarity protein Vangl2 in the muscle shapes the neuromuscular synapse by binding to and regulating the tyrosine kinase MuSK. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg4982. [PMID: 35580169 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) requires dynamic trans-synaptic coordination orchestrated by secreted factors, including Wnt family morphogens. To investigate how these synaptic cues in NMJ development are transduced, particularly in the regulation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) accumulation in the postsynaptic membrane, we explored the function of Van Gogh-like protein 2 (Vangl2), a core component of Wnt planar cell polarity signaling. We found that conditional, muscle-specific ablation of Vangl2 in mice reproduced the NMJ differentiation defects seen in mice with global Vangl2 deletion. These alterations persisted into adulthood and led to NMJ disassembly, impaired neurotransmission, and deficits in motor function. Vangl2 and the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK were functionally associated in Wnt signaling in the muscle. Vangl2 bound to and promoted the signaling activity of MuSK in response to Wnt11. The loss of Vangl2 impaired RhoA activation in cultured mouse myotubes and caused dispersed, rather than clustered, organization of AChRs at the postsynaptic or muscle cell side of NMJs in vivo. Our results identify Vangl2 as a key player of the core complex of molecules shaping neuromuscular synapses and thus shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying NMJ assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Boëx
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Steve Cottin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Marius Halliez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Stéphanie Bauché
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Céline Buon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neurocentre Magendie, UMR-S 1215, Bordeaux 33077, France.,Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neurocentre Magendie, UMR-S 1215, Bordeaux 33077, France.,Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies Alternatives, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Equipe Mixte de Recherche CNRS 9004, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Muriel Amar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies Alternatives, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Equipe Mixte de Recherche CNRS 9004, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mégane Lemaitre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris 75013, France
| | - Andrée Rouche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Plate-forme d'Imagerie Cellulaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Asha Baskaran
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Plate-forme d'Imagerie Cellulaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Service de Neuro-Myologie, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Julien Messéant
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Laure Strochlic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Carraway KL. Vangl as a Master Scaffold for Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887100. [PMID: 35646914 PMCID: PMC9130715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of polarity within tissues and dynamic cellular morphogenetic events are features common to both developing and adult tissues, and breakdown of these programs is associated with diverse human diseases. Wnt/Planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling, a branch of non-canonical Wnt signaling, is critical to the establishment and maintenance of polarity in epithelial tissues as well as cell motility events critical to proper embryonic development. In epithelial tissues, Wnt/PCP-mediated planar polarity relies upon the asymmetric distribution of core proteins to establish polarity, but the requirement for this distribution in Wnt/PCP-mediated cell motility remains unclear. However, in both polarized tissues and migratory cells, the Wnt/PCP-specific transmembrane protein Vangl is required and appears to serve as a scaffold upon which the core pathway components as well as positive and negative regulators of Wnt/PCP signaling assemble. The current literature suggests that the multiple interaction domains of Vangl allow for the binding of diverse signaling partners for the establishment of context- and tissue-specific complexes. In this review we discuss the role of Vangl as a master scaffold for Wnt/PCP signaling in epithelial tissue polarity and cellular motility events in developing and adult tissues, and address how these programs are dysregulated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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8
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Abstract
The molecular complexes underlying planar cell polarity (PCP) were first identified in Drosophila through analysis of mutant phenotypes in the adult cuticle and the orientation of associated polarized protrusions such as wing hairs and sensory bristles. The same molecules are conserved in vertebrates and are required for the localization of polarized protrusions such as primary or sensory cilia and the orientation of hair follicles. Not only is PCP signaling required to align cellular structures across a tissue, it is also required to coordinate movement during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. PCP signaling allows cells to interpret positional cues within a tissue to move in the appropriate direction and to coordinate this movement with their neighbors. In this review we outline the molecular basis of the core Wnt-Frizzled/PCP pathway, and describe how this signaling orchestrates collective motility in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we cover the paradigms of ommatidial rotation and border cell migration in Drosophila, and convergent extension in vertebrates. The downstream cell biological processes that underlie polarized motility include cytoskeletal reorganization, and adherens junctional and extracellular matrix remodeling. We discuss the contributions of these processes in the respective cell motility contexts. Finally, we address examples of individual cell motility guided by PCP factors during nervous system development and in cancer disease contexts.
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9
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Čada Š, Bryja V. Local Wnt signalling in the asymmetric migrating vertebrate cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:26-36. [PMID: 34896020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is known to generate cellular asymmetry via Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP). Wnt/PCP acts locally (i) to orient membrane polarity and asymmetric establishment of intercellular junctions via conserved set of PCP proteins most specifically represented by Vangl and Prickle, and (ii) to asymmetrically rearrange cytoskeletal structures via downstream effectors of Dishevelled (Dvl). This process is best described on stable phenotypes of epithelial cells. Here, however, we review the activity of Wnt signalling in migratory cells which experience the extensive rearrangements of cytoskeleton and consequently dynamic asymmetry, making the localised effects of Wnt signalling easier to distinguish. Firstly, we focused on migration of neuronal axons, which allows to study how the pre-existent cellular asymmetry can influence Wnt signalling outcome. Then, we reviewed the role of Wnt signalling in models of mesenchymal migration including neural crest, melanoma, and breast cancer cells. Last, we collected evidence for local Wnt signalling in amoeboid cells, especially lymphocytes. As the outcome of this review, we identify blank spots in our current understanding of this topic, propose models that synthesise the current observations and allow formulation of testable hypotheses for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Lima DFPDA, da Cruz VAR, Pereira GL, Curi RA, Costa RB, de Camargo GMF. Genomic Regions Associated with the Position and Number of Hair Whorls in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102925. [PMID: 34679946 PMCID: PMC8532986 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Whorls have been used to indicate the temperaments of domestic animals; however, little is known about the biological events that drive this association. The present study is the first that aims to find the main genomic regions that influence the whorl traits in livestock, with horses as a model. Genes related to hair follicle growth were found. Interestingly, some of these genes also influence psychiatric diseases and neurological disorders, thus evidencing a consistent biological explanation for the association. Abstract The position and number of hair whorls have been associated with the behavior, temperament, and laterality of horses. The easy observation of whorls assists in the prediction of reactivity, and thus permits the development of better measures of handling, training, mounting, and riding horses. However, little is known about the genetics involved in the formation of hair whorls. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide association analysis to identify chromosome regions and candidate genes associated with hair whorl traits. Data from 342 Quarter Horses genotyped for approximately 53,000 SNPs were used in an association study using a single-step procedure. The following traits were analyzed: vertical position of hair whorl on the head, number of whorls on the head, and number of whorls on the left and right sides of the neck. The traits had between one and three genomic windows associated. Each of them explained at least 4% of the additive variance. The windows accounted for 20–80% of additive variance for each trait analyzed. Many of the prospected genes are related to hair follicle growth. Some of these genes exert a pleiotropic effect on neurological and behavioral traits. This is the first indication of biological and physiological activity that might explain the association of hair whorls and temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Felipe Pereira de Assis Lima
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (D.F.P.d.A.L.); (V.A.R.d.C.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Valdecy Aparecida Rocha da Cruz
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (D.F.P.d.A.L.); (V.A.R.d.C.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Guilherme Luís Pereira
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (G.L.P.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (G.L.P.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (D.F.P.d.A.L.); (V.A.R.d.C.); (R.B.C.)
| | - Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil; (D.F.P.d.A.L.); (V.A.R.d.C.); (R.B.C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Basta LP, Hill-Oliva M, Paramore SV, Sharan R, Goh A, Biswas A, Cortez M, Little KA, Posfai E, Devenport D. New mouse models for high resolution and live imaging of planar cell polarity proteins in vivo. Development 2021; 148:271988. [PMID: 34463728 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The collective polarization of cellular structures and behaviors across a tissue plane is a near universal feature of epithelia known as planar cell polarity (PCP). This property is controlled by the core PCP pathway, which consists of highly conserved membrane-associated protein complexes that localize asymmetrically at cell junctions. Here, we introduce three new mouse models for investigating the localization and dynamics of transmembrane PCP proteins: Celsr1, Fz6 and Vangl2. Using the skin epidermis as a model, we characterize and verify the expression, localization and function of endogenously tagged Celsr1-3xGFP, Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 fusion proteins. Live imaging of Fz6-3xGFP in basal epidermal progenitors reveals that the polarity of the tissue is not fixed through time. Rather, asymmetry dynamically shifts during cell rearrangements and divisions, while global, average polarity of the tissue is preserved. We show using super-resolution STED imaging that Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 can be resolved, enabling us to observe their complex localization along junctions. We further explore PCP fusion protein localization in the trachea and neural tube, and discover new patterns of PCP expression and localization throughout the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena P Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Michael Hill-Oliva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032USA
| | - Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Audrey Goh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marvin Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
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12
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Weaver CJ, Poulain FE. From whole organism to ultrastructure: progress in axonal imaging for decoding circuit development. Development 2021; 148:271122. [PMID: 34328171 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Ramón y Cajal, scientists have sought to unravel the complexities of axon development underlying neural circuit formation. Micrometer-scale axonal growth cones navigate to targets that are often centimeters away. To reach their targets, growth cones react to dynamic environmental cues that change in the order of seconds to days. Proper axon growth and guidance are essential to circuit formation, and progress in imaging has been integral to studying these processes. In particular, advances in high- and super-resolution microscopy provide the spatial and temporal resolution required for studying developing axons. In this Review, we describe how improved microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of axonal development. We discuss how novel technologies, specifically light-sheet and super-resolution microscopy, led to new discoveries at the cellular scale by imaging axon outgrowth and circuit wiring with extreme precision. We next examine how advanced microscopy broadened our understanding of the subcellular dynamics driving axon growth and guidance. We finally assess the current challenges that the field of axonal biology still faces for imaging axons, and examine how future technology could meet these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Fabienne E Poulain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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13
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Bedogni F, Hevner RF. Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Developing Mouse Neocortex: Intermediate Progenitors Implicated in Axon Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:686034. [PMID: 34321999 PMCID: PMC8313239 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.686034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortex projection neurons (PNs) are generated from intermediate progenitors (IPs), which are in turn derived from radial glial progenitors (RGPs). To investigate developmental processes in IPs, we profiled IP transcriptomes in embryonic mouse neocortex, using transgenic Tbr2-GFP mice, cell sorting, and microarrays. These data were used in combination with in situ hybridization to ascertain gene sets specific for IPs, RGPs, PNs, interneurons, and other neural and non-neural cell types. RGP-selective transcripts (n = 419) included molecules for Notch receptor signaling, proliferation, neural stem cell identity, apical junctions, necroptosis, hippo pathway, and NF-κB pathway. RGPs also expressed specific genes for critical interactions with meningeal and vascular cells. In contrast, IP-selective genes (n = 136) encoded molecules for activated Delta ligand presentation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, core planar cell polarity (PCP), axon genesis, and intrinsic excitability. Interestingly, IPs expressed several “dependence receptors” (Unc5d, Dcc, Ntrk3, and Epha4) that induce apoptosis in the absence of ligand, suggesting a competitive mechanism for IPs and new PNs to detect key environmental cues or die. Overall, our results imply a novel role for IPs in the patterning of neuronal polarization, axon differentiation, and intrinsic excitability prior to mitosis. Significantly, IPs highly express Wnt-PCP, netrin, and semaphorin pathway molecules known to regulate axon polarization in other systems. In sum, IPs not only amplify neurogenesis quantitatively, but also molecularly “prime” new PNs for axogenesis, guidance, and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Torban E, Sokol SY. Planar cell polarity pathway in kidney development, function and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:369-385. [PMID: 33547419 PMCID: PMC8967065 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the coordinated orientation of cells in the tissue plane. Originally discovered and studied in Drosophila melanogaster, PCP is now widely recognized in vertebrates, where it is implicated in organogenesis. Specific sets of PCP genes have been identified. The proteins encoded by these genes become asymmetrically distributed to opposite sides of cells within a tissue plane and guide many processes that include changes in cell shape and polarity, collective cell movements or the uniform distribution of cell appendages. A unifying characteristic of these processes is that they often involve rearrangement of actomyosin. Mutations in PCP genes can cause malformations in organs of many animals, including humans. In the past decade, strong evidence has accumulated for a role of the PCP pathway in kidney development including outgrowth and branching morphogenesis of ureteric bud and podocyte development. Defective PCP signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of developmental kidney disorders of the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract spectrum. Understanding the origins, molecular constituents and cellular targets of PCP provides insights into the involvement of PCP molecules in normal kidney development and how dysfunction of PCP components may lead to kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torban
- McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4A3J1.,Corresponding authors: Elena Torban (); Sergei Sokol ()
| | - Sergei Y. Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA,Corresponding authors: Elena Torban (); Sergei Sokol ()
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15
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Neuron Replating, a Powerful and Versatile Approach to Study Early Aspects of Neuron Differentiation. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0536-20.2021. [PMID: 33958372 PMCID: PMC8143016 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0536-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron differentiation includes formation and outgrowth of neurites that differentiate into axons or dendrites. Directed neurite outgrowth is controlled by growth cones that protrude and retract actin-rich structures to sense environmental cues. These cues control local actin filament dynamics, steer growth cones toward attractants and away from repellents, and navigate neurites through the developing brain. Rodent hippocampal neurons are widely used to study the mechanisms underlying neuron differentiation. Genetic manipulation of isolated neurons including gene inactivation or reporter gene expression can be achieved by classical transfections methods, but these methods are restricted to neurons cultured for several days, after neurite formation or outgrowth. Instead, electroporation allows gene manipulation before seeding. However, reporter gene expression usually takes up to 24 h, and time course of gene inactivation depends on the half live of the targeted mRNA and gene product. Hence, these methods do not allow to study early aspects of neuron differentiation. In the present study, we provide a detailed protocol in which we combined electroporation-based gene manipulation of mouse hippocampal neurons before initial seeding with a replating step after 2 d in vitro (DIV) that resets neurons into an undifferentiated stage. By categorizing neurons according to their differentiation stage, thorough morphometric analyses, live imaging of actin dynamics in growth cones as well as guidance cue-mediated growth cone morphologic changes, we demonstrate that differentiation and function of replated neurons did not differ from non-replated neurons. In summary, we provide a protocol that allows to thoroughly characterize differentiation of mouse primary hippocampal neurons.
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16
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Robert BJA, Moreau MM, Dos Santos Carvalho S, Barthet G, Racca C, Bhouri M, Quiedeville A, Garret M, Atchama B, Al Abed AS, Guette C, Henderson DJ, Desmedt A, Mulle C, Marighetto A, Montcouquiol M, Sans N. Vangl2 in the Dentate Network Modulates Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107743. [PMID: 32521268 PMCID: PMC7296350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of spatial information, including pattern completion and pattern separation processes, relies on the hippocampal circuits, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these two processes are elusive. Here, we find that loss of Vangl2, a core PCP gene, results in opposite effects on pattern completion and pattern separation processes. Mechanistically, we show that Vangl2 loss maintains young postmitotic granule cells in an immature state, providing increased cellular input for pattern separation. The genetic ablation of Vangl2 disrupts granule cell morpho-functional maturation and further prevents CaMKII and GluA1 phosphorylation, disrupting the stabilization of AMPA receptors. As a functional consequence, LTP at lateral perforant path-GC synapses is impaired, leading to defects in pattern completion behavior. In conclusion, we show that Vangl2 exerts a bimodal regulation on young and mature GCs, and its disruption leads to an imbalance in hippocampus-dependent pattern completion and separation processes. Vangl2-dependent PCP signaling controls granule cell maturation and network integration Vangl2 stabilizes GluA1-containing receptors at the surface of dendritic spines Granule cells require Vangl2-dependent signaling to elicit LTP Vangl2 loss has opposite functional effects on pattern completion/separation processes
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J A Robert
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïté M Moreau
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Steve Dos Santos Carvalho
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gael Barthet
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Racca
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mehdi Bhouri
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Quiedeville
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- CNRS, INCIA, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, INCIA, 30000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Atchama
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Shaam Al Abed
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guette
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Aline Desmedt
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aline Marighetto
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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17
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Richter M, Peyroutou R, Rachel R, Tissir F, de Anda FC, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Early loss of Scribble affects cortical development, interhemispheric connectivity and psychomotor activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9106. [PMID: 33907211 PMCID: PMC8079449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from combined defects in processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and commissure formation. The evolutionarily conserved tumor-suppressor protein Scribble (Scrib) serves as a nexus to transduce signals for the establishment of apicobasal and planar cell polarity during these processes. Human SCRIB gene mutations are associated with neural tube defects and this gene is located in the minimal critical region deleted in the rare Verheij syndrome. In this study, we generated brain-specific conditional cKO mouse mutants and assessed the impact of the Scrib deletion on brain morphogenesis and behavior. We showed that embryonic deletion of Scrib in the telencephalon leads to cortical thickness reduction (microcephaly) and partial corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure agenesis. We correlated these phenotypes with a disruption in various developmental mechanisms of corticogenesis including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and axonal connectivity. Finally, we show that Scrib cKO mice have psychomotor deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Altogether, our results show that Scrib is essential for early brain development due to its role in several developmental cellular mechanisms that could underlie some of the deficits observed in complex neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maité M Moreau
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M Mamo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melanie Richter
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronan Peyroutou
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rivka Rachel
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, Box B1.73.16, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
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18
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Galea GL, Maniou E, Edwards TJ, Marshall AR, Ampartzidis I, Greene NDE, Copp AJ. Cell non-autonomy amplifies disruption of neurulation by mosaic Vangl2 deletion in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1159. [PMID: 33608529 PMCID: PMC7895924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-zygotic mutations that generate tissue mosaicism are increasingly associated with severe congenital defects, including those arising from failed neural tube closure. Here we report that neural fold elevation during mouse spinal neurulation is vulnerable to deletion of the VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2 (Vangl2) gene in as few as 16% of neuroepithelial cells. Vangl2-deleted cells are typically dispersed throughout the neuroepithelium, and each non-autonomously prevents apical constriction by an average of five Vangl2-replete neighbours. This inhibition of apical constriction involves diminished myosin-II localisation on neighbour cell borders and shortening of basally-extending microtubule tails, which are known to facilitate apical constriction. Vangl2-deleted neuroepithelial cells themselves continue to apically constrict and preferentially recruit myosin-II to their apical cell cortex rather than to apical cap localisations. Such non-autonomous effects can explain how post-zygotic mutations affecting a minority of cells can cause catastrophic failure of morphogenesis leading to clinically important birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Maniou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ioakeim Ampartzidis
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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19
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Wang S, Roy JP, Tomlinson AJ, Wang EB, Tsai YH, Cameron L, Underwood J, Spence JR, Walton KD, Stacker SA, Gumucio DL, Lechler T. RYK-mediated filopodial pathfinding facilitates midgut elongation. Development 2020; 147:dev195388. [PMID: 32994164 PMCID: PMC7648600 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Between embryonic days 10.5 and 14.5, active proliferation drives rapid elongation of the murine midgut epithelial tube. Within this pseudostratified epithelium, nuclei synthesize DNA near the basal surface and move apically to divide. After mitosis, the majority of daughter cells extend a long, basally oriented filopodial protrusion, building a de novo path along which their nuclei can return to the basal side. WNT5A, which is secreted by surrounding mesenchymal cells, acts as a guidance cue to orchestrate this epithelial pathfinding behavior, but how this signal is received by epithelial cells is unknown. Here, we have investigated two known WNT5A receptors: ROR2 and RYK. We found that epithelial ROR2 is dispensable for midgut elongation. However, loss of Ryk phenocopies the Wnt5a-/- phenotype, perturbing post-mitotic pathfinding and leading to apoptosis. These studies reveal that the ligand-receptor pair WNT5A-RYK acts as a navigation system to instruct filopodial pathfinding, a process that is crucial for continuous cell cycling to fuel rapid midgut elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James P Roy
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Abigail J Tomlinson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen B Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Julie Underwood
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Sitarska E, Diz-Muñoz A. Pay attention to membrane tension: Mechanobiology of the cell surface. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:11-18. [PMID: 32416466 PMCID: PMC7594640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface is a mechanobiological unit that encompasses the plasma membrane, its interacting proteins, and the complex underlying cytoskeleton. Recently, attention has been directed to the mechanics of the plasma membrane, and in particular membrane tension, which has been linked to diverse cellular processes such as cell migration and membrane trafficking. However, how tension across the plasma membrane is regulated and propagated is still not completely understood. Here, we review recent efforts to study the interplay between membrane tension and the cytoskeletal machinery and how they control cell form and function. We focus on factors that have been proposed to affect the propagation of membrane tension and as such could determine whether it can act as a global or local regulator of cell behavior. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the available tool kit as new approaches that reveal its dynamics in cells are needed to decipher how membrane tension regulates diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sitarska
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Jarjour AA, Velichkova AN, Boyd A, Lord KM, Torsney C, Henderson DJ, Ffrench-Constant C. The formation of paranodal spirals at the ends of CNS myelin sheaths requires the planar polarity protein Vangl2. Glia 2020; 68:1840-1858. [PMID: 32125730 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During axonal ensheathment, noncompact myelin channels formed at lateral edges of the myelinating process become arranged into tight paranodal spirals that resemble loops when cut in cross section. These adhere to the axon, concentrating voltage-dependent sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and patterning the surrounding axon into distinct molecular domains. The signals responsible for forming and maintaining the complex structure of paranodal myelin are poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that the planar cell polarity determinant Vangl2 organizes paranodal myelin. We show that Vangl2 is concentrated at paranodes and that, following conditional knockout of Vangl2 in oligodendrocytes, the paranodal spiral loosens, accompanied by disruption to the microtubule cytoskeleton and mislocalization of autotypic adhesion molecules between loops within the spiral. Adhesion of the spiral to the axon is unaffected. This results in disruptions to axonal patterning at nodes of Ranvier, paranodal axon diameter and conduction velocity. When taken together with our previous work showing that loss of the apico-basal polarity protein Scribble has the opposite phenotype-loss of axonal adhesion but no effect on loop-loop autotypic adhesion-our results identify a novel mechanism by which polarity proteins control the shape of nodes of Ranvier and regulate conduction in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Jarjour
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society/University of Edinburgh Centre for Translational Research, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Atanaska N Velichkova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Boyd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society/University of Edinburgh Centre for Translational Research, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn M Lord
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society/University of Edinburgh Centre for Translational Research, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carole Torsney
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society/University of Edinburgh Centre for Translational Research, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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