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Hu G, Yu Y, Ren Y, Tower RJ, Zhang GF, Karner CM. Glutaminolysis provides nucleotides and amino acids to regulate osteoclast differentiation in mice. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00255-x. [PMID: 39271775 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that are essential to maintain skeletal integrity and function. While many of the growth factors and molecular signals that govern osteoclastogenesis are well studied, how the metabolome changes during osteoclastogenesis is unknown. Using a multifaceted approach, we identified a metabolomic signature of osteoclast differentiation consisting of increased amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. Maintenance of the osteoclast metabolic signature is governed by elevated glutaminolysis. Mechanistically, glutaminolysis provides amino acids and nucleotides which are essential for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. Genetic experiments in mice found that glutaminolysis is essential for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vivo. Highlighting the therapeutic implications of these findings, inhibiting glutaminolysis using CB-839 prevented ovariectomy induced bone loss in mice. Collectively, our data provide strong genetic and pharmacological evidence that glutaminolysis is essential to regulate osteoclast metabolism, promote osteoclastogenesis and modulate bone resorption in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Li S, Tian Q, Zheng L, Zhou Y. Functional Amino Acids in the Regulation of Bone and Its Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400094. [PMID: 39233531 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Bone as a vigorous tissue is constantly undergoing bone remodeling. The homeostasis of bone remodeling requires combined efforts of multifarious bone cells. Amino acids (AA), known as essential components of life support, are closely related to the regulation of bone homeostasis. In recent years, the concept of functional amino acids (FAAs) has been proposed, which is defined as AA that regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction of organisms, to highlight their outstanding contributions in the body. In the hope of exploring new therapeutic strategies, this review focus on summarizing recent progress in the vital role of FAAs in bone homeostasis maintaining and potential implications of FAAs in bone-related diseases, and discussing related mechanisms. The results showed that FAAs are closely related to bone metabolism and therapeutic strategy targeting FAAs metabolism is one of the future trends for bone disorders, while the explorations about possible impact of FAAs-based diets are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qinglu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yachuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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3
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Wang X, Gong W, Xiong X, Jia X, Xu J. Asparagine: A key metabolic junction in targeted tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107292. [PMID: 39002867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient bioavailability in the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor proliferation and metastasis. Among these nutrients, glutamine is a key substance that promotes tumor growth and proliferation, and its downstream metabolite asparagine is also crucial in tumors. Studies have shown that when glutamine is exhausted, tumor cells can rely on asparagine to sustain their growth. Given the reliance of tumor cell proliferation on asparagine, restricting its bioavailability has emerged as promising strategy in cancer treatment. For instance, the use of asparaginase, an enzyme that depletes asparagine, has been one of the key chemotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, tumor cells can adapt to asparagine restriction, leading to reduced chemotherapy efficacy, and the mechanisms by which different genetically altered tumors are sensitized or adapted to asparagine restriction vary. We review the sources of asparagine and explore how limiting its bioavailability impacts the progression of specific genetically altered tumors. It is hoped that by targeting the signaling pathways involved in tumor adaptation to asparagine restriction and certain factors within these pathways, the issue of drug resistance can be addressed. Importantly, these strategies offer precise therapeutic approaches for genetically altered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Weijian Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xueyou Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation and Restoration, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation and Restoration, Nanjing 210004, China.
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4
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Taurino G, Dander E, Chiu M, Pozzi G, Maccari C, Starace R, Silvestri D, Griffini E, Bianchi MG, Carubbi C, Andreoli R, Mirandola P, Valsecchi MG, Rizzari C, D'Amico G, Bussolati O. Asparagine transport through SLC1A5/ASCT2 and SLC38A5/SNAT5 is essential for BCP-ALL cell survival and a potential therapeutic target. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:175-188. [PMID: 38736325 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) blasts strictly depend on the transport of extra-cellular asparagine (Asn), yielding a rationale for L-asparaginase (ASNase) therapy. However, the carriers used by ALL blasts for Asn transport have not been identified yet. Exploiting RS4;11 cells as BCP-ALL model, we have found that cell Asn is lowered by either silencing or inhibition of the transporters ASCT2 or SNAT5. The inhibitors V-9302 (for ASCT2) and GluγHA (for SNAT5) markedly lower cell proliferation and, when used together, suppress mTOR activity, induce autophagy and cause a severe nutritional stress, leading to a proliferative arrest and a massive cell death in both the ASNase-sensitive RS4;11 cells and the relatively ASNase-insensitive NALM-6 cells. The cytotoxic effect is not prevented by coculturing leukaemic cells with primary mesenchymal stromal cells. Leukaemic blasts of paediatric ALL patients express ASCT2 and SNAT5 at diagnosis and undergo marked cytotoxicity when exposed to the inhibitors. ASCT2 expression is positively correlated with the minimal residual disease at the end of the induction therapy. In conclusion, ASCT2 and SNAT5 are the carriers exploited by ALL cells to transport Asn, and ASCT2 expression is associated with a lower therapeutic response. ASCT2 may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Taurino
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Erica Dander
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Maccari
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Starace
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Silvestri
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Erika Griffini
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- MRH-Microbiome Research Hub, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- CERT-Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rizzari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- MRH-Microbiome Research Hub, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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5
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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:399-413. [PMID: 38499689 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone development and bone remodelling during adult life are highly anabolic processes requiring an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts interact closely to preserve bone mass and architecture and are often located close to blood vessels. Chondrocytes within the developing growth plate ensure that bone lengthening occurs before puberty, but these cells function in an avascular environment. With ageing, numerous bone marrow adipocytes appear, often with negative effects on bone properties. Many studies have now indicated that skeletal cells have specific metabolic profiles that correspond to the nutritional microenvironment and their stage-specific functions. These metabolic networks provide not only skeletal cells with sufficient energy, but also biosynthetic intermediates that are necessary for proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Moreover, these metabolic pathways control redox homeostasis to avoid oxidative stress and safeguard cell survival. Finally, several intracellular metabolites regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes and thus control the fate and function of skeletal cells. The metabolic profile of skeletal cells therefore not only reflects their cellular state, but can also drive cellular activity. Insight into skeletal cell metabolism will thus not only advance our understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis, but also of skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis, diabetic bone disease and bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Kaur S, Kumari P, Singh G, Joshi N, Kaur T, Dhiman V, Singh G, Sachdeva N, Kumar D, Barnwal RP, Bhadada SK. Unveiling novel metabolic alterations in postmenopausal osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus through NMR-based metabolomics: A pioneering approach for identifying early diagnostic markers. J Proteomics 2024; 302:105200. [PMID: 38772440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexist in postmenopausal women. The study aimed to explore metabolic variations linked to these circumstances and their simultaneous presence through proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (1H NMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from 80 postmenopausal women, including 20 PMO individuals, 20 T2DM, 20 T2DM + PMO, and 20 healthy postmenopausal women, were analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Our study revealed significant metabolic profile differences among the four groups. Notably, the T2DM + PMO group showed elevated levels of alanine, pyruvate, glutamate, lactate, and aspartate, indicating their involvement in lipid metabolism, energy, and amino acids. Importantly, our multivariate statistical analysis identified a metabolite set that accurately distinguished the groups, suggesting its potential as an early diagnostic marker. CONCLUSION The 1H NMR metabolomics approach uncovered metabolic biomarkers intricately linked to postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their concurrent presence. Among these biomarkers, alanine emerged as a pivotal player, showing its significant role in the metabolic landscape associated with PMO and T2DM. These findings shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions and underscore alanine's potential as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS campus, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Nainesh Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Takdeer Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vandana Dhiman
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS campus, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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7
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Jalava N, Arponen M, Widjaja N, Heino TJ, Ivaska KK. Short- and long-term exposure to high glucose induces unique transcriptional changes in osteoblasts in vitro. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060239. [PMID: 38809145 PMCID: PMC11128269 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is increasingly recognized as a target for diabetic complications. In order to evaluate the direct effects of high glucose on bone, we investigated the global transcriptional changes induced by hyperglycemia in osteoblasts in vitro. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were differentiated into osteoblasts for 10 days, and prior to analysis, they were exposed to hyperglycemia (25 mM) for the short-term (1 or 3 days) or long-term (10 days). Genes and pathways regulated by hyperglycemia were identified using mRNA sequencing and verified with qPCR. Genes upregulated by 1-day hyperglycemia were, for example, related to extracellular matrix organization, collagen synthesis and bone formation. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by 3 days. Long-term exposure impaired osteoblast viability, and downregulated, for example, extracellular matrix organization and lysosomal pathways, and increased intracellular oxidative stress. Interestingly, transcriptional changes by different exposure times were mostly unique and only 89 common genes responding to glucose were identified. In conclusion, short-term hyperglycemia had a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts and bone formation, whereas long-term hyperglycemia had a negative effect on intracellular redox balance, osteoblast viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Jalava
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Milja Arponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Nicko Widjaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Terhi J. Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kaisa K. Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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8
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Lu X, Wang M, Yue H, Feng X, Tian Y, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. Novel peptides from sea cucumber intestines hydrolyzed by neutral protease alleviate exercise-induced fatigue via upregulating the glutaminemediated Ca 2+ /Calcineurin signaling pathway in mice. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1727-1738. [PMID: 38258958 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sea cucumber intestines are considered a valuable resource in the sea cucumber processing industry due to their balanced amino acid composition. Studies have reported that peptides rich in glutamate and branched-chain amino acids have anti-fatigue properties. However, the function of the sea cucumber intestine in reducing exercise-induced fatigue remains unclear. In this study, we enzymatically hydrolyzed low molecular weight peptides from sea cucumber intestines (SCIP) and administered SCIP orally to mice to examine its effects on exercise-induced fatigue using swimming and pole-climbing exhaustion experiments. The results revealed that supplementation with SCIP significantly prolonged the exhaustion time of swimming in mice, decreased blood lactate and urea nitrogen levels, and increased liver and muscle glycogen levels following a weight-loaded swimming test. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated a notable increase the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fiber and a significant decrease the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fiber following SCIP supplementation. Furthermore, SCIP upregulated mRNA expression levels of Ca2+ /Calcineurin upstream and downstream regulators, thereby contributing to the promotion of skeletal muscle fiber type conversion. This study presents the initial evidence establishing SCIP as a potential enhancer of skeletal muscle fatigue resistance, consequently providing a theoretical foundation for the valuable utilization of sea cucumber intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Lu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tian
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Zheng H, Jiang S, Li M, Liu J, Wang X, Liu M, Feng C, Wei Y, Deng X. Multi-Omics Reveals the Genetic and Metabolomic Architecture of Chirality Directed Stem Cell Lineage Diversification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306400. [PMID: 37880901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chirality-directed stem-cell-fate determination involves coordinated transcriptional and metabolomics programming that is only partially understood. Here, using high-throughput transcriptional-metabolic profiling and pipeline network analysis, the molecular architecture of chirality-guided mesenchymal stem cell lineage diversification is revealed. A total of 4769 genes and 250 metabolites are identified that are significantly biased by the biomimetic chiral extracellular microenvironment (ECM). Chirality-dependent energetic metabolism analysis has revealed that glycolysis is preferred during left-handed ECM-facilitated osteogenic differentiation, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is favored during right-handed ECM-promoted adipogenic differentiation. Stereo-specificity in the global metabolite landscape is also demonstrated, in which amino acids are enriched in left-handed ECM, while ether lipids and nucleotides are enriched in right-handed ECM. Furthermore, chirality-ordered transcriptomic-metabolic regulatory networks are established, which address the role of positive feedback loops between key genes and central metabolites in driving lineage diversification. The highly integrated genotype-phenotype picture of stereochemical selectivity would provide the fundamental principle of regenerative material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Meijun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite School of Materials and Science Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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10
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Jin S, Liu PS, Zheng D, Xie X. The interplay of miRNAs and ferroptosis in diseases related to iron overload. Apoptosis 2024; 29:45-65. [PMID: 37758940 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been conceptualized as a novel cell death modality distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. The sensitivity of cellular ferroptosis is regulated at multiple layers, including polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, glutathione-GPX4 axis, iron homeostasis, mitochondria and other parallel pathways. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in modulating ferroptosis susceptibility through targeting different players involved in the execution or avoidance of ferroptosis. A growing body of evidence pinpoints the deregulation of miRNA-regulated ferroptosis as a critical factor in the development and progression of various pathophysiological conditions related to iron overload. The revelation of mechanisms of miRNA-dependent ferroptosis provides novel insights into the etiology of diseases and offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the interplay of emerging miRNA regulators and ferroptosis players under different pathological conditions, such as cancers, ischemia/reperfusion, neurodegenerative diseases, acute kidney injury and cardiomyopathy. We emphasize on the relevance of miRNA-regulated ferroptosis to disease progression and the targetability for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu-Ste Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Daheng Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Awad S, Skipper W, Vostrejs W, Ozorowski K, Min K, Pfuhler L, Mehta D, Cooke A. The YBX3 RNA-binding protein posttranscriptionally controls SLC1A5 mRNA in proliferating and differentiating skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105602. [PMID: 38159852 PMCID: PMC10837625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, skeletal muscles comprise nearly 40% of total body mass, which is maintained throughout adulthood by a balance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Cellular amino acid (AA) levels are critical for these processes, and mammalian cells contain transporter proteins that import AAs to maintain homeostasis. Until recently, the control of transporter regulation has largely been studied at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. However, here, we report that the RNA-binding protein YBX3 is critical to sustain intracellular AAs in mouse skeletal muscle cells, which aligns with our recent findings in human cells. We find that YBX3 directly binds the solute carrier (SLC)1A5 AA transporter messenger (m)RNA to posttranscriptionally control SLC1A5 expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. YBX3 regulation of SLC1A5 requires the 3' UTR. Additionally, intracellular AAs transported by SLC1A5, either directly or indirectly through coupling to other transporters, are specifically reduced when YBX3 is depleted. Further, we find that reduction of the YBX3 protein reduces proliferation and impairs differentiation in skeletal muscle cells, and that YBX3 and SLC1A5 protein expression increase substantially during skeletal muscle differentiation, independently of their respective mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that YBX3 regulates AA transport in skeletal muscle cells, and that its expression is critical to maintain skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silina Awad
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Skipper
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Vostrejs
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kristen Min
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liva Pfuhler
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Cooke
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA.
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12
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Singh AK, Prasad P, Cancelas JA. Mesenchymal stromal cells, metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer in bone marrow normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1325291. [PMID: 38169927 PMCID: PMC10759248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1325291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation-based treatments are in different phases of clinical development, ranging from current therapies to a promise in the repair and regeneration of diseased tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which are fibroblast-like heterogeneous progenitors with multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) and self-renewal potential, and exist in the bone marrow (BM), adipose, and synovium, among other tissues, represent one of the most widely used sources of stem cells in regenerative medicine. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) exhibit a variety of traits, including the potential to drive HSC fate and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capabilities via paracrine activities and interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. The role of BM-MSC-derived adipocytes is more controversial and may act as positive or negative regulators of benign or malignant hematopoiesis based on their anatomical location and functional crosstalk with surrounding cells in the BM microenvironment. This review highlights the most recent clinical and pre-clinical findings on how BM-MSCs interact with the surrounding HSCs, progenitors, and immune cells, and address some recent insights on the mechanisms that mediate MSCs and adipocyte metabolic control through a metabolic crosstalk between BM microenvironment cells and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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13
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DeMambro VE, Tian L, Karthik V, Rosen CJ, Guntur AR. Effects of PTH on osteoblast bioenergetics in response to glucose. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101705. [PMID: 37576927 PMCID: PMC10412867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone acts through its receptor, PTHR1, expressed on osteoblasts, to control bone remodeling. Metabolic flexibility for energy generation has been demonstrated in several cell types dependent on substrate availability. Recent studies have identified a critical role for PTH in regulating glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism thus stimulating both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we postulated that PTH stimulates increased energetic output by osteoblasts either by increasing glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation depending on substrate availability. To test this hypothesis, undifferentiated and differentiated MC3T3E1C4 calvarial pre-osteoblasts were treated with PTH to study osteoblast bioenergetics in the presence of exogenous glucose. Significant increases in glycolysis with acute ∼1 h PTH treatment with minimal effects on oxidative phosphorylation in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 in the presence of exogenous glucose were observed. In differentiated cells, the increased glycolysis observed with acute PTH was completely blocked by pretreatment with a Glut1 inhibitor (BAY-876) resulting in a compensatory increase in oxidative phosphorylation. We then tested the effect of PTH on the function of complexes I and II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the absence of glycolysis. Utilizing a novel cell plasma membrane permeability mitochondrial (PMP) assay, in combination with complex I and II specific substrates, slight but significant increases in basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates with 24 h PTH treatment in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 cells were noted. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that PTH stimulates both increases in glycolysis and the function of the electron transport chain, particularly complexes I and II, during high energy demands in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Vivin Karthik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anyonya R. Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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14
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Zhu W, Wang R, Yang Z, Luo X, Yu B, Zhang J, Fu M. GC-MS based comparative metabolomic analysis of human cancellous bone reveals the critical role of linoleic acid metabolism in femur head necrosis. Metabolomics 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37776501 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femur head necrosis (FHN) is a challenging clinical disease with unclear underlying mechanism, which pathologically is associated with disordered metabolism. However, the disordered metabolism in cancellous bone of FHN was never analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). OBJECTIVES To elucidate altered metabolism pathways in FHN and identify putative biomarkers for the detection of FHN. METHODS We recruited 26 patients with femur head necrosis and 22 patients with femur neck fracture in this study. Cancellous bone tissues from the femoral heads were collected after the surgery and were analyzed by GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics approach. The resulting data were analyzed via uni- and multivariate statistical approaches. The changed metabolites were used for the pathway analysis and potential biomarker identification. RESULTS Thirty-seven metabolites distinctly changed in FHN group were identified. Among them, 32 metabolites were upregulated and 5 were downregulated in FHN. The pathway analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism were the most relevant to FHN pathology. On the basis of metabolites network, L-lysine, L-glutamine and L-serine were deemed as the junctions of the whole metabolites. Finally, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, inosine, L-proline and octadecanoic acid were considered as the potential biomarkers of FHN. CONCLUSION This study provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of FHN and confirms linoleic acid metabolism as the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuming Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baoxi Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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15
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Hu G, Yu Y, Sharma D, Pruett-Miller SM, Ren Y, Zhang GF, Karner CM. Glutathione limits RUNX2 oxidation and degradation to regulate bone formation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166888. [PMID: 37432749 PMCID: PMC10543723 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural products of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and oxidative protein folding. ROS levels must be well controlled, since elevated ROS has been shown to have deleterious effects on osteoblasts. Moreover, excessive ROS is thought to underlie many of the skeletal phenotypes associated with aging and sex steroid deficiency in mice and humans. The mechanisms by which osteoblasts regulate ROS and how ROS inhibits osteoblasts are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is essential in neutralizing ROS and establish a proosteogenic reduction and oxidation reaction (REDOX) environment. Using a multifaceted approach, we demonstrate that reducing GSH biosynthesis led to acute degradation of RUNX2, impaired osteoblast differentiation, and reduced bone formation. Conversely, reducing ROS using catalase enhanced RUNX2 stability and promoted osteoblast differentiation and bone formation when GSH biosynthesis was limited. Highlighting the therapeutic implications of these findings, in utero antioxidant therapy stabilized RUNX2 and improved bone development in the Runx2+/- haplo-insufficient mouse model of human cleidocranial dysplasia. Thus, our data establish RUNX2 as a molecular sensor of the osteoblast REDOX environment and mechanistically clarify how ROS negatively impacts osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Nutrition, and
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney M. Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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16
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Edwards DN. Amino Acid Metabolism in Bone Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:344-353. [PMID: 37277592 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast and prostate tumors frequently metastasize to the bone, but the underlying mechanisms for osteotropism remain elusive. An emerging feature of metastatic progression is metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to new environments. This review will summarize the recent advances on how cancer cells utilize amino acid metabolism during metastasis, from early dissemination to interactions with the bone microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have suggested that certain metabolic preferences for amino acids may be associated with bone metastasis. Once in the bone microenvironment, cancer cells encounter a favorable microenvironment, where a changing nutrient composition of the tumor-bone microenvironment may alter metabolic interactions with bone-resident cells to further drive metastatic outgrowth. Enhanced amino acid metabolic programs are associated with bone metastatic disease and may be further augmented by the bone microenvironment. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the role of amino acid metabolism on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Burroughs-Garcia J, Giuliani N. The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054893. [PMID: 36902326 PMCID: PMC10003241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs' fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Kodama J, Wilkinson KJ, Otsuru S. Nutrient metabolism of the nucleus pulposus: A literature review. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 13:100191. [PMID: 36590450 PMCID: PMC9801222 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells take in, consume, and synthesize nutrients for numerous physiological functions. This includes not only energy production but also macromolecule biosynthesis, which will further influence cellular signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell fate commitment. Therefore, alteration in cellular nutrient metabolism is associated with pathological conditions. Intervertebral discs, particularly the nucleus pulposus (NP), are avascular and exhibit unique metabolic preferences. Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated a correlation between intervertebral degeneration (IDD) and systemic metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. However, a lack of understanding of the nutrient metabolism of NP cells is masking the underlying mechanism. Indeed, although previous studies indicated that glucose metabolism is essential for NP cells, the downstream metabolic pathways remain unknown, and the potential role of other nutrients, like amino acids and lipids, is understudied. In this literature review, we summarize the current understanding of nutrient metabolism in NP cells and discuss other potential metabolic pathways by referring to a human NP transcriptomic dataset deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus, which can provide us hints for future studies of nutrient metabolism in NP cells and novel therapies for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kodama
- Corresponding authors at: 670 W Baltimore St. HSFIII 7173, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | - Satoru Otsuru
- Corresponding authors at: 670 W Baltimore St. HSFIII 7173, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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19
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Srivastava RK, Sapra L, Mishra PK. Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:3943. [PMID: 36497201 PMCID: PMC9735555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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20
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Abstract
Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. As such, amino acids contribute to a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, matrix synthesis and intercellular communication, which are all critical for skeletal cell functioning. Here we summarize recent work elucidating how amino acid metabolism supports and regulates skeletal cell function during bone growth and homeostasis, as well as during skeletal disease. The most extensively studied amino acid is glutamine, and osteoblasts and chondrocytes rely heavily on this non-essential amino acid during for their functioning and differentiation. Regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors such as SOX9 and osteoanabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone or WNT, glutamine metabolism has a wide range of metabolic roles, as it fuels anabolic processes by producing nucleotides and non-essential amino acids, maintains redox balance by generating the antioxidant glutathione and regulates cell-specific gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. We also describe how other amino acids affect skeletal cell functions, although further work is needed to fully understand their effect. The increasing number of studies using stable isotope labelling in several skeletal cell types at various stages of differentiation, together with conditional inactivation of amino acid transporters or enzymes in mouse models, will allow us to obtain a more complete picture of amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Stegen
- Corresponding author at: Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&N1bis, Herestraat 49 box 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Effects of Exogenous L-Asparagine on Poplar Biomass Partitioning and Root Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113126. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparagine (Asn) has been regarded as one of the most economical molecules for nitrogen (N) storage and transport in plants due to its relatively high N-to-carbon (C) ratio (2:4) and stability. Although its internal function has been addressed, the biological role of exogenous Asn in plants remains elusive. In this study, different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, or 5 mM) of Asn were added to the N-deficient hydroponic solution for poplar ‘Nanlin895’. Morphometric analyses showed that poplar height, biomass, and photosynthesis activities were significantly promoted by Asn treatment compared with the N-free control. Moreover, the amino acid content, total N and C content, and nitrate and ammonia content were dramatically altered by Asn treatment. Moreover, exogenous Asn elicited root growth inhibition, accompanied by complex changes in the transcriptional pattern of genes and activities of enzymes associated with N and C metabolism. Combined with the plant phenotype and the physiological and biochemical indexes, our data suggest that poplar is competent to take up and utilize exogenous Asn dose-dependently. It provides valuable information and insight on how different forms of N and concentrations of Asn influence poplar root and shoot growth and function, and roles of Asn engaged in protein homeostasis regulation.
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22
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Jiménez JA, Lawlor ER, Lyssiotis CA. Amino acid metabolism in primary bone sarcomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001318. [PMID: 36276057 PMCID: PMC9581121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors with peak incidence in childhood and adolescence. The intense standard treatment for these patients consists of combined surgery and/or radiation and maximal doses of chemotherapy; a regimen that has not seen improvement in decades. Like other tumor types, ES and OS are characterized by dysregulated cellular metabolism and a rewiring of metabolic pathways to support the biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Not only are cancer cells characterized by Warburg metabolism, or aerobic glycolysis, but emerging work has revealed a dependence on amino acid metabolism. Aside from incorporation into proteins, amino acids serve critical functions in redox balance, energy homeostasis, and epigenetic maintenance. In this review, we summarize current studies describing the amino acid metabolic requirements of primary bone sarcomas, focusing on OS and ES, and compare these dependencies in the normal bone and malignant tumor contexts. We also examine insights that can be gleaned from other cancers to better understand differential metabolic susceptibilities between primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments. Lastly, we discuss potential metabolic vulnerabilities that may be exploited therapeutically and provide better-targeted treatments to improve the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Jiménez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
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23
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Shen L, Yu Y, Karner CM. SLC38A2 provides proline and alanine to regulate postnatal bone mass accrual in mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:992679. [PMID: 36213239 PMCID: PMC9538353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.992679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have recently emerged as important regulators of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osteoblasts require a continuous supply of amino acids to sustain biomass production to fuel cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix production. We recently identified proline as an essential amino acid for bone development by fulfilling unique synthetic demands that are associated with osteoblast differentiation. Osteoblasts rely on the amino acid transporter SLC38A2 to provide proline to fuel endochondral ossification. Despite this, very little is known about the function or substrates of SLC38A2 during bone homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that the neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 is expressed in osteoblast lineage cells and provides proline and alanine to osteoblast lineage cells. Genetic ablation of SLC38A2 using Prrx1Cre results in decreased bone mass in both male and female mice due to a reduction in osteoblast numbers and bone forming activity. Decreased osteoblast numbers are attributed to impaired proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells. Collectively, these data highlight the necessity of SLC38A2-mediated proline and alanine uptake during postnatal bone formation and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Courtney M. Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Courtney M. Karner,
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Benova A, Ferencakova M, Bardova K, Funda J, Prochazka J, Spoutil F, Cajka T, Dzubanova M, Balcaen T, Kerckhofs G, Willekens W, van Lenthe GH, Alquicer G, Pecinova A, Mracek T, Horakova O, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J, Tencerova M. Novel thiazolidinedione analog reduces a negative impact on bone and mesenchymal stem cell properties in obese mice compared to classical thiazolidinediones. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101598. [PMID: 36103974 PMCID: PMC9508355 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as insulin sensitizers has been shown to have side effects including increased accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) associated with a higher fracture risk and bone loss. A novel TZD analog MSDC-0602K with low affinity to PPARγ has been developed to reduce adverse effects of TZD therapy. However, the effect of MSDC-0602K on bone phenotype and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in relation to obesity has not been intensively studied yet. Methods Here, we investigated whether 8-week treatment with MSDC-0602K has a less detrimental effect on bone loss and BM-MSC properties in obese mice in comparison to first generation of TZDs, pioglitazone. Bone parameters (bone microstructure, bone marrow adiposity, bone strength) were examined by μCT and 3-point bending test. Primary BM-MSCs were isolated and measured for osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Cellular senescence, bioenergetic profiling, nutrient consumption and insulin signaling were also determined. Results The findings demonstrate that MSDC-0602K improved bone parameters along with increased proportion of smaller BMAds in tibia of obese mice when compared to pioglitazone. Further, primary BM-MSCs isolated from treated mice and human BM-MSCs revealed decreased adipocyte and higher osteoblast differentiation accompanied with less inflammatory and senescent phenotype induced by MSDC-0602K vs. pioglitazone. These changes were further reflected by increased glycolytic activity differently affecting glutamine and glucose cellular metabolism in MSDC-0602K-treated cells compared to pioglitazone, associated with higher osteogenesis. Conclusion Our study provides novel insights into the action of MSDC-0602K in obese mice, characterized by the absence of detrimental effects on bone quality and BM-MSC metabolism when compared to classical TZDs and thus suggesting a potential therapeutical use of MSDC-0602K in both metabolic and bone diseases. MSDC-0602K improves bone quality and increases proportion of smaller BMAds in obese mice. MSDC-0602K-treated mice show lower adipogenic differentiation with less senescent phenotype in primary BM-MSCs. MSDC-0602K induces higher glycolytic activity in BM-MSCs compared to pioglitazone. MSDC-0602-treated BM-MSCs prefer glutamine over glucose uptake in comparison to AT-MSCs. Beneficial effect of MSDC-06002K in BM-MSCs manifests by absence of MPC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Ferencakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dzubanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tim Balcaen
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Glenda Alquicer
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Pecinova
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
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25
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Zhang H, Puviindran V, Nadesan P, Ding X, Shen L, Tang YJ, Tsushima H, Yahara Y, Ban GI, Zhang GF, Karner CM, Alman BA. Distinct Roles of Glutamine Metabolism in Benign and Malignant Cartilage Tumors With IDH Mutations. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:983-996. [PMID: 35220602 PMCID: PMC9314601 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Enchondromas and chondrosarcomas are common cartilage neoplasms that are either benign or malignant, respectively. The majority of these tumors harbor mutations in either IDH1 or IDH2. Glutamine metabolism has been implicated as a critical regulator of tumors with IDH mutations. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that glutaminase-mediated glutamine metabolism played distinct roles in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Glutamine affected cell differentiation and viability in these tumors differently through different downstream metabolites. During murine enchondroma-like lesion development, glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate promoted hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and regulated chondrocyte proliferation. Deletion of glutaminase in chondrocytes with Idh1 mutation increased the number and size of enchondroma-like lesions. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase in chondrosarcoma xenografts reduced overall tumor burden partially because glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids played an important role in preventing cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates that glutamine metabolism plays different roles in tumor initiation and cancer maintenance. Supplementation of α-ketoglutarate and inhibiting GLS may provide a therapeutic approach to suppress enchondroma and chondrosarcoma tumor growth, respectively. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Xiruo Ding
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuning J Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ga I Ban
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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26
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Wang S, Wang S, Wang X, Xu Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Yan H, Liu L, Wang L, Ye H, Li X. Effects of Icariin on Modulating Gut Microbiota and Regulating Metabolite Alterations to Prevent Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rat Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:874849. [PMID: 35399950 PMCID: PMC8988140 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is an estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, which has been shown an association with an altered gut microbiota (GM). Gut microbiota-bone axis has been recognized as a crucial mediator for bone homeostasis. Icariin (ICA) is an effective agent to delay bone loss by regulating the bone homeostasis. Thus, we hypothesize that ICA can prevent bone loss by modulating GM and regulating metabolite alterations. The effects of ICA on bone metabolism improvement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and their relationships with the GM and fecal metabolites were investigated. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed a typical bone boss in OVX group, while ICA or estradiol (E2) administration exhibited positive effects on bone micro-architecture improvement. The GM such as Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Enterobacteriales, Actinomycetales, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira significantly correlated to serum bone Gla-protein (BGP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP). Further t-test revealed a substantial variation of the GM and fecal metabolites in different treatments. Among them, Lachnoclostridium, Butyricimonas, Rikenella, Paraprevolla, Adlercreutzia, Enterorhabdus, Anaerovorax, Allobaculum, Elusimicrobium, Lactococcus, Globicatella and Lactobacillus were probably the key microbial communities driving the change of bile acid, amino acid and fatty acid, thereby leading to an improvement of PMOP. The significant up-regulation of L-Saccharopine, 1-Aminocyclohexadieneacid and linoleic acid after ICA administration suggested important contributions of amino acid and fatty acid metabolisms in the prevention and treatment of PMOP. Taken together, our study has provided new perspectives to better understand the effects of ICA on PMOP improvement by regulating GM and the associated fecal metabolites. Our findings contribute to develop ICA as a potential therapy for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunteng Xu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yidan Han
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Basic Discipline Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Basic Discipline Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Ye
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xihai Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Shen L, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Pruett-Miller SM, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfil unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. eLife 2022; 11:76963. [PMID: 35261338 PMCID: PMC9007586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is associated with the acquisition of a unique protein signature which is essential to attain the ultimate cellular function and activity of the differentiated cell. This is predicted to result in unique biosynthetic demands that arise during differentiation. Using a bioinformatic approach, we discovered osteoblast differentiation is associated with increased demand for the amino acid proline. When compared to other differentiated cells, osteoblast-associated proteins including RUNX2, OSX, OCN and COL1A1 are significantly enriched in proline. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we demonstrate that the neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 acts cell autonomously to provide proline to facilitate the efficient synthesis of proline-rich osteoblast proteins. Genetic ablation of SLC38A2 in osteoblasts limits both osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice. Mechanistically, proline is primarily incorporated into nascent protein with little metabolism observed. Collectively, these data highlight a requirement for proline in fulfilling the unique biosynthetic requirements that arise during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yunji Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix production during bone development and homeostasis. Much is known about the transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways governing osteoblast differentiation. However, less is known about how osteoblasts obtain or utilize nutrients to fulfill the energetic demands associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. The goal of this review is to highlight and discuss what is known about the role and regulation of bioenergetic metabolism in osteoblasts with a focus on more recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Bioenergetic metabolism has emerged as an important regulatory node in osteoblasts. Recent studies have begun to identify the major nutrients and bioenergetic pathways favored by osteoblasts as well as their regulation during differentiation. Here, we highlight how osteoblasts obtain and metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to provide energy and other metabolic intermediates. In addition, we highlight the signals that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism and focus on how energetic metabolism promotes osteoblast differentiation. Bioenergetic metabolism provides energy and other metabolites that are critical for osteoblast differentiation and activity. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of osteoblast biology and may inform novel strategies to modulate osteoblast differentiation and bone anabolism in patients with bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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29
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Ye J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yin H. The Interaction Between Intracellular Energy Metabolism and Signaling Pathways During Osteogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:807487. [PMID: 35155568 PMCID: PMC8832142 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts primarily mediate bone formation, maintain bone structure, and regulate bone mineralization, which plays an important role in bone remodeling. In the past decades, the roles of cytokines, signaling proteins, and transcription factors in osteoblasts have been widely studied. However, whether the energy metabolism of cells can be regulated by these factors to affect the differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts has not been explored in depth. In addition, the signaling and energy metabolism pathways are not independent but closely connected. Although energy metabolism is mediated by signaling pathways, some intermediates of energy metabolism can participate in protein post-translational modification. The content of intermediates, such as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine), determines the degree of acetylation and glycosylation in terms of the availability of energy-producing substrates. The utilization of intracellular metabolic resources and cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are all related to the integration of metabolic and signaling pathways. In this paper, the interaction between the energy metabolism pathway and osteogenic signaling pathway in osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ye
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jirimutu Xiao
- Mongolian Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
| | - Yong Ma
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongrui Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
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