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Qiu Q, Yang M, Gong D, Liang H, Chen T. Potassium and calcium channels in different nerve cells act as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1258-1276. [PMID: 38845230 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channel-specific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood-brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Danfeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Müller P, Draguhn A, Egorov AV. Persistent sodium currents in neurons: potential mechanisms and pharmacological blockers. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02980-7. [PMID: 38967655 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Persistent sodium current (INaP) is an important activity-dependent regulator of neuronal excitability. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including pacemaking, prolongation of sensory potentials, neuronal injury, chronic pain and diseases such as epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite its importance, neither the molecular basis nor the regulation of INaP are sufficiently understood. Of particular significance is a solid knowledge and widely accepted consensus about pharmacological tools for analysing the function of INaP and for developing new therapeutic strategies. However, the literature on INaP is heterogeneous, with varying definitions and methodologies used across studies. To address these issues, we provide a systematic review of the current state of knowledge on INaP, with focus on mechanisms and effects of this current in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of the specificity and efficacy of the most widely used INaP blockers: amiodarone, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, cenobamate, eslicarbazepine, ethosuximide, gabapentin, GS967, lacosamide, lamotrigine, lidocaine, NBI-921352, oxcarbazepine, phenytoine, PRAX-562, propofol, ranolazine, riluzole, rufinamide, topiramate, valproaic acid and zonisamide. We conclude that there is strong variance in the pharmacological effects of these drugs, and in the available information. At present, GS967 and riluzole can be regarded bona fide INaP blockers, while phenytoin and lacosamide are blockers that only act on the slowly inactivating component of sodium currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Müller
- Department Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen , Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexei V Egorov
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang C, Zhai J, Chen Y. Novel KCNQ2 missense variant expands the genotype spectrum of DEE7. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07655-w. [PMID: 38880853 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNQ is a voltage-gated K + channel that controls neuronal excitability and is mutated in epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We focus on the KV7.2 voltage-gated potassium channel gene (KCNQ2), which is known for its association with developmental delay and various seizures (including self-limited benign familial neonatal epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy). But the pathogenicity of many variants remains unproven, potentially leading to misinterpretation of their functional consequences. METHODS In this study, we studied a patient who visited Nanhua Hospital. Targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the pathogenic variants. Meanwhile, computational models, including hydrogen bonding and docking analyses, suggest that variants cause functional impairment. In addition, functional validation was performed in the drosophila to further evaluate the missense variant in the KCNQ2 gene as the cause of this patient. RESULTS A new missense variant in the KCNQ2 gene was identified: NM_172107.4:c.1007C > A(p.ALa336Glu), which resulted in the change from alanine to glutamate at amino acid position 336 in the KCNQ2 gene. After computational modeling, including hydrogen bond analysis and docking analysis, it is indicated that the variants cause functional impairment. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated KCNQ knockout in flies led to the onset of epileptic behavior, lifespan and climbing capacity were affected, expression of the normal human KCNQ2 rescues the in flies RNAi-mediated KCNQ knockout behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION Our findings expands the genetic profile of KCNQ2 and enhances the genotype - phenotype link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - JinXia Zhai
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - YongJun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Page DA, Ruben PC. Cannabidiol potentiates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN4) channels. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313505. [PMID: 38652080 PMCID: PMC11040500 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid produced by the Cannabis sativa plant, blocks a variety of cardiac ion channels. We aimed to identify whether CBD regulated the cardiac pacemaker channel or the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN4). HCN4 channels are important for the generation of the action potential in the sinoatrial node of the heart and increased heart rate in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. HCN4 channels were expressed in HEK 293T cells, and the effect of CBD application was examined using a whole-cell patch clamp. We found that CBD depolarized the V1/2 of activation in holo-HCN4 channels, with an EC50 of 1.6 µM, without changing the current density. CBD also sped activation kinetics by approximately threefold. CBD potentiation of HCN4 channels occurred via binding to the closed state of the channel. We found that CBD's mechanism of action was distinct from cAMP, as CBD also potentiated apo-HCN4 channels. The addition of an exogenous PIP2 analog did not alter the ability of CBD to potentiate HCN4 channels, suggesting that CBD also acts using a unique mechanism from the known HCN4 potentiator PIP2. Lastly, to gain insight into CBD's mechanism of action, computational modeling and targeted mutagenesis were used to predict that CBD binds to a lipid-binding pocket at the C-terminus of the voltage sensor. CBD represents the first FDA-approved drug to potentiate HCN4 channels, and our findings suggest a novel starting point for drug development targeting HCN4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A. Page
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Peter C. Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Chahyadinata G, Nam JH, Battenberg A, Wainger BJ. Physiological profiling of cannabidiol reveals profound inhibition of sensory neurons. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00614. [PMID: 38815194 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cannabidiol (CBD), the main nonpsychoactive cannabinoid of cannabis, holds promise for nonaddictive treatment of pain. Although preclinical studies have been encouraging, well-controlled human trials have been largely unsuccessful. To investigate this dichotomy and better understand the actions of CBD, we used high-content calcium imaging with automated liquid handling and observed broad inhibition of neuronal activation by a host of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, including transient receptor potential (Trp) and purinergic receptors, as well as mediators of intracellular calcium cycling. To assess the effect of CBD on overall nociceptor electrical activity, we combined the light-activated ion channel channelrhodposin in TRPV1-positive nociceptors and a red-shifted calcium indicator and found that 1 µM CBD profoundly increased the optical threshold for calcium flux activation. Experiments using traditional whole-cell patch-clamp showed increase of nociceptor activation threshold at submicromolar concentrations, but with unusually slow kinetics, as well as block of voltage-activated currents. To address a more integrated capacity of CBD to influence nociceptor sensitization, a process implicated in multiple pain states, we found that submicromolar concentrations of CBD inhibited sensitization by the chemotherapeutic drug vincristine. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CBD can reduce neuronal activity evoked by a strikingly wide range of stimuli implicated in pain signaling. The extensive effects underscore the need for further studies at substantially lower drug concentrations, which are more likely to reflect physiologically relevant mechanisms. The slow kinetics and block raise biophysical questions regarding the lipophilic properties of CBD and its action on channels and receptors within membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracesenia Chahyadinata
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashley Battenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Monat J, Altieri LG, Enrique N, Sedán D, Andrinolo D, Milesi V, Martín P. Direct Inhibition of BK Channels by Cannabidiol, One of the Principal Therapeutic Cannabinoids Derived from Cannabis sativa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1368-1375. [PMID: 38708937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main Cannabis sativa bioactive compounds, is utilized in the treatment of major epileptic syndromes. Its efficacy can be attributed to a multimodal mechanism of action that includes, as potential targets, several types of ion channels. In the brain, CBD reduces the firing frequency in rat hippocampal neurons, partly prolonging the duration of action potentials, suggesting a potential blockade of voltage-operated K+ channels. We postulate that this effect might involve the inhibition of the large-conductance voltage- and Ca2+-operated K+ channel (BK channel), which plays a role in the neuronal action potential's repolarization. Thus, we assessed the impact of CBD on the BK channel activity, heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. Our findings, using the patch-clamp technique, revealed that CBD inhibits BK channel currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 280 nM. The inhibition is through a direct interaction, reducing both the unitary conductance and voltage-dependent activation of the channel. Additionally, the cannabinoid significantly delays channel activation kinetics, indicating stabilization of the closed state. These effects could explain the changes induced by CBD in action potential shape and duration, and they may contribute to the observed anticonvulsant activity of this cannabinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Monat
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía González Altieri
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Enrique
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Sedán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Medioambiente (CIM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard. 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Andrinolo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Medioambiente (CIM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard. 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Milesi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Martín
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CICPBA - CONICET, Boulevard 120 no. 1489, La Plata, CP 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Wright NJD. A review of the direct targets of the cannabinoids cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:144-165. [PMID: 38988890 PMCID: PMC11230856 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marijuana has been used by humans for thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes. This included the treatment of pain, inflammation, seizures, and nausea. In the 1960s, the structure of the principal psychoactive ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was determined, and over the next few decades, two cannabinoid receptors were characterized along with the human endocannabinoid system and what it affects. This includes metabolism, the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, and it is involved in such conditions as inflammation, cancer, glaucoma, and liver and musculoskeletal disorders. In the central nervous system, the endocannabinoid system has been linked to appetite, learning, memory, and conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, addiction, and epilepsy. It was the profound effectiveness of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, to relieve the symptoms of Dravet syndrome, a severe form of childhood epilepsy, that recently helped spur marijuana research. This has helped substantially to change society's attitude towards this potential source of useful drugs. However, research has also revealed that the actions of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, were not just due to interactions with the two cannabinoid receptors but by acting directly on many other targets including various G-protein receptors and cation channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels for example. This mini-review attempts to survey the effects of these 4 important cannabinoids on these currently identified targets.
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8
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Ferrera G, Ricci E, Peron A, Parrini E, Vignoli A, Canevini MP. Continuous spike-wave of slow sleep in a patient with KCNB1-related epilepsy responsive to highly purified cannabidiol: a case report and comparison with literature. Neurocase 2024; 30:68-72. [PMID: 38769754 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2354952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
KCNB1-associated encephalopathy is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Specific treatments are still lacking. We describe a 12-year-old boy with severe ID and treatment-resistant seizures due to a pathogenic KCNB1 variant. His EEG showed a CSWS pattern. Aged 11, he started treatment with highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) and has been seizure free for 18 months, with significant EEG and social skills improvements. This suggests CBD may benefit CSWS, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Some preclinical studies also indicate CBDs interact with voltage-gated channels, leading us to speculate its possible role for treating KCNB1 related encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ferrera
- Epilepsy Center-Sleep Medicine, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Ricci
- Epilepsy Center-Sleep Medicine, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, USA
- Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aglai Vignoli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatr, University of Milan and ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Epilepsy Center-Sleep Medicine, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
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Chi W, Kiskinis E. Integrative analysis of epilepsy-associated genes reveals expression-phenotype correlations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3587. [PMID: 38351047 PMCID: PMC10864290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Patients exhibit broad genetic, molecular, and clinical diversity involving mild to severe comorbidities. The factors that contribute to this phenotypic diversity remain unclear. Here we used publicly available datasets to systematically interrogate the expression pattern of 230 epilepsy-associated genes across human tissues, developmental stages, and central nervous system (CNS) cellular subtypes. We grouped genes based on their curated phenotypes into 3 broad classes: core epilepsy genes (CEG), where seizures are the dominant phenotype, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy genes (DEEG) that are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and seizure-related genes (SRG), which are characterized by the presence of seizures and gross brain malformations. We find that compared to the other two groups of genes, DEEGs are highly expressed within the adult CNS, exhibit the highest and most dynamic expression in various brain regions across development, and are significantly enriched in GABAergic neurons. Our analysis provides an overview of the expression pattern of epilepsy-associated genes with spatiotemporal resolution and establishes a broad expression-phenotype correlation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Chi
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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10
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Svendsen K, Sharkey KA, Altier C. Non-Intoxicating Cannabinoids in Visceral Pain. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:3-11. [PMID: 37883662 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabis products are becoming increasingly popular options for symptom management of inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly abdominal pain. While anecdotal and patient reports suggest efficacy of these compounds for these conditions, clinical research has shown mixed results. To date, clinical research has focused primarily on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is a ligand of classical cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). CBD is one of a large group of nonintoxicating cannabinoids (niCBs) that mediate their effects on both CBRs and through non-CBR mechanisms of action. Because they are not psychotropic, there is increasing interest and availability of niCBs. The numerous niCBs show potential to rectify abnormal intestinal motility as well as have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The effects of niCBs are frequently not mediated by CBRs, but rather through actions on other targets, including transient receptor potential channels and voltage-gated ion channels. Additionally, evidence suggests that niCBs can be combined to increase their potency through what is termed the entourage effect. This review examines the pre-clinical data available surrounding these niCBs in treatment of abdominal pain with a focus on non-CBR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Svendsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Martínez-Aguirre C, Márquez LA, Santiago-Castañeda CL, Carmona-Cruz F, Nuñez-Lumbreras MDLA, Martínez-Rojas VA, Alonso-Vanegas M, Aguado-Carrillo G, Gómez-Víquez NL, Galván EJ, Cuéllar-Herrera M, Rocha L. Cannabidiol Modifies the Glutamate Over-Release in Brain Tissue of Patients and Rats with Epilepsy: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3237. [PMID: 38137458 PMCID: PMC10741033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with high extracellular levels of glutamate. Studies support the idea that cannabidiol (CBD) decreases glutamate over-release. This study focused on investigating whether CBD reduces the evoked glutamate release in cortical synaptic terminals obtained from patients with DRE as well as in a preclinical model of epilepsy. Synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) were obtained from the epileptic neocortex of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE, n = 10) or drug-resistant extratemporal lobe epilepsy (DR-ETLE, n = 10) submitted to epilepsy surgery. Synaptosomes highly purified by Percoll-sucrose density gradient were characterized by confocal microscopy and Western blot. Synaptosomes were used to estimate the high KCl (33 mM)-evoked glutamate release in the presence of CBD at different concentrations. Our results revealed responsive tissue obtained from seven patients with DR-TLE and seven patients with DR-ETLE. Responsive tissue showed lower glutamate release (p < 0.05) when incubated with CBD at low concentrations (less than 100 µM) but not at higher concentrations. Tissue that was non-responsive to CBD (DR-TLE, n = 3 and DR-ELTE, n = 3) showed high glutamate release despite CBD exposure at different concentrations. Simultaneously, a block of the human epileptic neocortex was used to determine its viability through whole-cell and extracellular electrophysiological recordings. The electrophysiological evaluations supported that the responsive and non-responsive human epileptic neocortices used in the present study exhibited proper neuronal viability and stability to acquire electrophysiological responses. We also investigated whether the subchronic administration of CBD could reduce glutamate over-release in a preclinical model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Administration of CBD (200 mg/kg, p.o. every 24 h for 7 days) to rats with lithium-pilocarpine-evoked spontaneous recurrent seizures reduced glutamate over-release in the hippocampus. The present study revealed that acute exposure to low concentrations of CBD can reduce the glutamate over-release in synaptic terminals obtained from some patients with DRE. This effect is also evident when applied subchronically in rats with spontaneous recurrent seizures. An important finding was the identification of a group of patients that were non-responsive to CBD effects. Future studies are essential to identify biomarkers of responsiveness to CBD to control DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Martínez-Aguirre
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Luis Alfredo Márquez
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Cindy Lizbeth Santiago-Castañeda
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Francia Carmona-Cruz
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Maria de los Angeles Nuñez-Lumbreras
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Martínez-Rojas
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
- Center for Research on Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Mario Alonso-Vanegas
- International Center for Epilepsy Surgery, HMG-Coyoacán Hospital, Mexico City 04380, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Aguado-Carrillo
- Clinic of Epilepsy, General Hospital of México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Norma L. Gómez-Víquez
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
| | - Emilio J. Galván
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
- Center for Research on Aging, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Manola Cuéllar-Herrera
- Clinic of Epilepsy, General Hospital of México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (C.M.-A.); (L.A.M.); (C.L.S.-C.); (F.C.-C.); (M.d.l.A.N.-L.); (V.A.M.-R.); (N.L.G.-V.); (E.J.G.)
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12
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Pökl M, Sridhar A, Frampton DJA, Linhart VA, Delemotte L, Liin SI. Subtype-specific modulation of human K V 7 channels by the anticonvulsant cannabidiol through a lipid-exposed pore-domain site. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2956-2972. [PMID: 37377025 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabidiol (CBD) is used clinically as an anticonvulsant. Its precise mechanism of action has remained unclear. CBD was recently demonstrated to enhance the activity of the neuronal KV 7.2/7.3 channel, which may be one important contributor to CBD anticonvulsant effect. Curiously, CBD inhibits the closely related cardiac KV 7.1/KCNE1 channel. Whether and how CBD affects other KV 7 subtypes remains uninvestigated and the CBD interaction sites mediating these diverse effects remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we used electrophysiology, molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis to address these questions. KEY RESULTS We found that CBD modulates the activity of all human KV 7 subtypes and that the effects are subtype dependent. CBD enhanced the activity of KV 7.2-7.5 subtypes, seen as a V50 shift towards more negative voltages or increased maximum conductance. In contrast, CBD inhibited the KV 7.1 and KV 7.1/KCNE1 channels, seen as a V50 shift towards more positive voltages and reduced conductance. In KV 7.2 and KV 7.4, we propose a CBD interaction site at the subunit interface in the pore domain that overlaps with the interaction site of other compounds, notably the anticonvulsant retigabine. However, CBD relies on other residues for its effects than the conserved tryptophan that is critical for retigabine effects. We propose a similar, though not identical CBD site in KV 7.1, with a non-conserved phenylalanine being important. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We identify novel targets of CBD, contributing to a better understanding of CBD clinical effects and provide mechanistic insights into how CBD modulates different KV 7 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pökl
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Akshay Sridhar
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Damon J A Frampton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Veronika A Linhart
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Alhassen L, Alhassen W, Wong C, Sun Y, Xia Z, Civelli O, Hoshi N. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Is an Endogenous Kv7 Channel Modulator That Reduces Kv7/M-Current Suppression and Inflammatory Pain. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7073-7083. [PMID: 37648450 PMCID: PMC10601364 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2307-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Kv7 voltage-gated potassium channels generate the M-current and regulate neuronal excitability. Here, we report that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is an endogenous Kv7 channel modulator that attenuates Gq-coupled receptor-induced M-current suppression. DHEAS reduced muscarinic agonist-induced Kv7-current suppression of Kv7.1, Kv7.2, Kv7.4, or Kv7.5 homomeric currents and endogenous M-currents in rat sympathetic ganglion neurons. However, DHEAS per se did not alter the voltage dependence of these Kv7 homomeric channels or the m1 receptor-induced activation of phospholipase C or protein kinase C. DHEAS-treated Kv7.2 homomeric currents became resistant to depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) induced by voltage-activated phosphatase, Ci-VSP or eVSP. Our computational models predicted a novel binding site for DHEAS in the cytoplasmic domain of Kv7 subunits. A single-point mutation of the predicted key histidine into cysteine in the rat Kv7.2 subunit, rKv7.2(H558C), resulted in a loss of effects of DHEAS on muscarinic Kv7 current suppression. Furthermore, in vivo administration of DHEAS in mice of both sexes reduced late phase pain responses in the formalin paw test. However, it did not have effects on early phase responses in the formalin paw test or responses in the hot plate test. Coadministration of a selective Kv7 inhibitor, XE991, and DHEAS eliminated analgesic effects of DHEAS in late phase responses in the formalin paw test. Collectively, these results suggest that DHEAS attenuates M-current suppression by stabilizing PIP2-Kv7 subunit interaction and can mitigate inflammatory pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT M-current suppression induced by stimulation of Gq-coupled receptors is a form of Kv7 current modulation that can reversibly increase neuronal excitability. This study demonstrates that DHEAS, an endogenous steroid hormone, is a novel Kv7 channel modulator that can attenuate M-current suppression without affecting basal Kv7 channel kinetics. Administration of DHEAS in vivo alleviated inflammatory pain in rodents. These results suggest that the degree of M-current suppression can be dynamically regulated by small molecules. Therefore, this novel form of Kv7 channel regulation holds promising potential as a therapeutic target for sensitized nervous activities, such as inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamees Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Wedad Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Cindy Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Zelin Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Naoto Hoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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14
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Ma D, Zheng Y, Li X, Zhou X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Fang J, Zhao G, Hou P, Nan F, Yang W, Su N, Gao Z, Guo J. Ligand activation mechanisms of human KCNQ2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6632. [PMID: 37857637 PMCID: PMC10587151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ2/KCNQ3 carries the neuronal M-current, which helps to stabilize the membrane potential. KCNQ2 can be activated by analgesics and antiepileptic drugs but their activation mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human KCNQ2-CaM in complex with three activators, namely the antiepileptic drug cannabidiol (CBD), the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and HN37 (pynegabine), an antiepileptic drug in the clinical trial, in an either closed or open conformation. The activator-bound structures, along with electrophysiology analyses, reveal the binding modes of two CBD, one PIP2, and two HN37 molecules in each KCNQ2 subunit, and elucidate their activation mechanisms on the KCNQ2 channel. These structures may guide the development of antiepileptic drugs and analgesics that target KCNQ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ma
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yueming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenni Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiajia Fang
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Nannan Su
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528437, China.
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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15
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Liu YC, So EC, Wu SN. Cannabidiol Modulates M-Type K + and Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2651. [PMID: 37893024 PMCID: PMC10604323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring compound found in the Cannabis plant that is known for its potential therapeutic effects. However, its impact on membrane ionic currents remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate how CBD modifies various types of ionic currents in pituitary GH3 cells. Results showed that exposure to CBD led to a concentration-dependent decrease in M-type K+ currents (IK(M)), with an IC50 of 3.6 μM, and caused the quasi-steady-state activation curve of the current to shift to a more depolarized potential with no changes in the curve's steepness. The CBD-mediated block of IK(M) was not reversed by naloxone, suggesting that it was not mediated by opioid receptors. The IK(M) elicited by pulse-train stimulation was also decreased upon exposure to CBD. The magnitude of erg-mediated K+ currents was slightly reduced by adding CBD (10 μM), while the density of voltage-gated Na+ currents elicited by a short depolarizing pulse was not affected by it. Additionally, CBD decreased the magnitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (Ih) with an IC50 of 3.3 μM, and the decrease was reversed by oxaliplatin. The quasi-steady-state activation curve of Ih was shifted in the leftward direction with no changes in the slope factor of the curve. CBD also diminished the strength of voltage-dependent hysteresis on Ih elicited by upright isosceles-triangular ramp voltage. Collectively, these findings suggest that CBD's modification of ionic currents presented herein is independent of cannabinoid or opioid receptors and may exert a significant impact on the functional activities of excitable cells occurring in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Sun-Yat Sen University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Education, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan
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16
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Swenson KS, Gomez Wulschner LE, Hoelscher VM, Folts L, Korth KM, Oh WC, Bates EA. Fetal cannabidiol (CBD) exposure alters thermal pain sensitivity, problem-solving, and prefrontal cortex excitability. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3397-3413. [PMID: 37433966 PMCID: PMC10618089 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of people suffer from nausea with pregnancy each year. Nausea can be alleviated with cannabidiol (CBD), a primary component of cannabis that is widely available. However, it is unknown how fetal CBD exposure affects embryonic development and postnatal outcomes. CBD binds and activates receptors that are expressed in the fetal brain and are important for brain development, including serotonin receptors (5HT1A), voltage-gated potassium (Kv)7 receptors, and the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1). Excessive activation of each of these receptors can disrupt neurodevelopment. Here, we test the hypothesis that fetal CBD exposure in mice alters offspring neurodevelopment and postnatal behavior. We administered 50 mg/kg CBD in sunflower oil or sunflower oil alone to pregnant mice from embryonic day 5 through birth. We show that fetal CBD exposure sensitizes adult male offspring to thermal pain through TRPV1. We show that fetal CBD exposure decreases problem-solving behaviors in female CBD-exposed offspring. We demonstrate that fetal CBD exposure increases the minimum current required to elicit action potentials and decreases the number of action potentials in female offspring layer 2/3 prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons. Fetal CBD exposure reduces the amplitude of glutamate uncaging-evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents, consistent with CBD-exposed female problem-solving behavior deficits. Combined, these data show that fetal CBD exposure disrupts neurodevelopment and postnatal behavior in a sex specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli S Swenson
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Luis E Gomez Wulschner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Victoria M Hoelscher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kamryn M Korth
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Won Chan Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Huang J, Fan X, Jin X, Jo S, Zhang HB, Fujita A, Bean BP, Yan N. Cannabidiol inhibits Na v channels through two distinct binding sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3613. [PMID: 37330538 PMCID: PMC10276812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis, is an effective treatment for some forms of epilepsy and pain. At high concentrations, CBD interacts with a huge variety of proteins, but which targets are most relevant for clinical actions is still unclear. Here we show that CBD interacts with Nav1.7 channels at sub-micromolar concentrations in a state-dependent manner. Electrophysiological experiments show that CBD binds to the inactivated state of Nav1.7 channels with a dissociation constant of about 50 nM. The cryo-EM structure of CBD bound to Nav1.7 channels reveals two distinct binding sites. One is in the IV-I fenestration near the upper pore. The other binding site is directly next to the inactivated "wedged" position of the Ile/Phe/Met (IFM) motif on the short linker between repeats III and IV, which mediates fast inactivation. Consistent with producing a direct stabilization of the inactivated state, mutating residues in this binding site greatly reduced state-dependent binding of CBD. The identification of this binding site may enable design of compounds with improved properties compared to CBD itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hanxiong Bear Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Akie Fujita
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Ghovanloo MR, Arnold JC, Ruben PC. Editorial: Cannabinoid interactions with ion channels, receptors, and the bio-membrane. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211230. [PMID: 37228821 PMCID: PMC10203607 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jonathon C. Arnold
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C. Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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19
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Erlandsdotter LM, Giammarino L, Halili A, Nikesjö J, Gréen H, Odening KE, Liin SI. Long-QT mutations in KCNE1 modulate the 17β-estradiol response of Kv7.1/KCNE1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7109. [PMID: 36921038 PMCID: PMC10017040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (17[Formula: see text]-E2) is implicated in higher arrhythmia risk of women with congenital or acquired long-QT syndrome (LQTS) compared to men. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and little is known about the impact of LQTS-associated mutations. We show that 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibits the human cardiac Kv7.1/KCNE1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We find that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect depends on the Kv7.1 to KCNE1 stoichiometry, and we reveal a critical function of the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus for the effect. LQTS-associated mutations in the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus show a range of responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2, from a wild-type like response to impaired or abolished response. Together, this study increases our understanding of the mechanistic basis for 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibition of Kv7.1/KCNE1 and demonstrates mutation-dependent responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2. These findings suggest that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect on Kv7.1/KCNE1 might contribute to the higher arrhythmia risk of women, particularly in carriers with specific LQTS-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucilla Giammarino
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Azemine Halili
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nikesjö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gréen
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katja E. Odening
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara I. Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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20
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Harding EK, Souza IA, Gandini MA, Gadotti VM, Ali MY, Huang S, Antunes FTT, Trang T, Zamponi GW. Differential regulation of Ca v 3.2 and Ca v 2.2 calcium channels by CB 1 receptors and cannabidiol. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1616-1633. [PMID: 36647671 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoids are a promising therapeutic avenue for chronic pain. However, clinical trials often fail to report analgesic efficacy of cannabinoids. Inhibition of voltage gate calcium (Cav ) channels is one mechanism through which cannabinoids may produce analgesia. We hypothesized that cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor agonists target different types of Cav channels through distinct mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiological recordings from tsA-201 cells expressing either Cav 3.2 or Cav 2.2 were used to assess inhibition by HU-210 or cannabidiol (CBD) in the absence and presence of the CB1 receptor. Homology modelling assessed potential interaction sites for CBD in both Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2. Analgesic effects of CBD were assessed in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. KEY RESULTS HU-210 (1 μM) inhibited Cav 2.2 function in the presence of CB1 receptor but had no effect on Cav 3.2 regardless of co-expression of CB1 receptor. By contrast, CBD (3 μM) produced no inhibition of Cav 2.2 and instead inhibited Cav 3.2 independently of CB1 receptors. Homology modelling supported these findings, indicating that CBD binds to and occludes the pore of Cav 3.2, but not Cav 2.2. Intrathecal CBD alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in both male and female mice, and this effect was absent in Cav 3.2 null mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal differential modulation of Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2 channels by CB1 receptors and CBD. This advances our understanding of how different cannabinoids produce analgesia through action at different voltage-gated calcium channels and could influence the development of novel cannabinoid-based therapeutics for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Harding
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vinícius M Gadotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Flavia T T Antunes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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21
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Niloy N, Hediyal TA, Vichitra C, Sonali S, Chidambaram SB, Gorantla VR, Mahalakshmi AM. Effect of Cannabis on Memory Consolidation, Learning and Retrieval and Its Current Legal Status in India: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010162. [PMID: 36671547 PMCID: PMC9855787 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the oldest crops grown, traditionally held religious attachments in various cultures for its medicinal use much before its introduction to Western medicine. Multiple preclinical and clinical investigations have explored the beneficial effects of cannabis in various neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the cognitive domains. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component, is responsible for cognition-related deficits, while cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, has been shown to elicit neuroprotective activity. In the present integrative review, the authors focus on the effects of cannabis on the different cognitive domains, including learning, consolidation, and retrieval. The present study is the first attempt in which significant focus has been imparted on all three aspects of cognition, thus linking to its usage. Furthermore, the investigators have also depicted the current legal position of cannabis in India and the requirement for reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Niloy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tousif Ahmed Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharma Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical Science, St. George’s University, University Centre, St. Georges FZ818, Grenada
- Correspondence: (V.R.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (V.R.G.); (A.M.M.)
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22
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Zavala-Tecuapetla C, Luna-Munguia H, López-Meraz ML, Cuellar-Herrera M. Advances and Challenges of Cannabidiol as an Anti-Seizure Strategy: Preclinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416181. [PMID: 36555823 PMCID: PMC9783044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Cannabis for medicinal purposes has been documented since ancient times, where one of its principal cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged over the last few years as a promising molecule with anti-seizure potential. Here, we present an overview of recent literature pointing out CBD's pharmacological profile (solubility, metabolism, drug-drug interactions, etc.,), CBD's interactions with multiple molecular targets as well as advances in preclinical research concerning its anti-seizure effect on both acute seizure models and chronic models of epilepsy. We also highlight the recent attention that has been given to other natural cannabinoids and to synthetic derivatives of CBD as possible compounds with therapeutic anti-seizure potential. All the scientific research reviewed here encourages to continue to investigate the probable therapeutic efficacy of CBD and its related compounds not only in epilepsy but also and specially in drug-resistant epilepsy, since there is a dire need for new and effective drugs to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiram Luna-Munguia
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - María-Leonor López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - Manola Cuellar-Herrera
- Epilepsy Clinic, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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23
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Ghovanloo MR, Dib-Hajj SD, Goodchild SJ, Ruben PC, Waxman SG. Non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels: An update on cannabidiol and cannabigerol. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1066455. [PMID: 36439273 PMCID: PMC9691960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1066455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids, found in the plant, Cannabis sativa, are an important class of natural compounds with physiological effects. These compounds can be generally divided into two classes: psychoactive and non-psychoactive. Those which do not impart psychoactivity are assumed to predominantly function via endocannabinoid receptor (CB) -independent pathways and molecular targets, including other receptors and ion channels. Among these targets, the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are particularly interesting due to their well-established role in electrical signalling in the nervous system. The interactions between the main non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), and Nav channels were studied in detail. In addition to CBD, cannabigerol (CBG), is another non-psychoactive molecule implicated as a potential therapeutic for several conditions, including pain via interactions with Nav channels. In this mini review, we provide an update on the interactions of Nav channels with CBD and CBG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samuel J. Goodchild
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C. Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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24
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Zhan X, Drummond-Main C, Greening D, Yao J, Chen SWR, Appendino JP, Au PYB, Turner RW. Cannabidiol counters the effects of a dominant-negative pathogenic Kv7.2 variant. iScience 2022; 25:105092. [PMID: 36157585 PMCID: PMC9490039 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders can arise from pathogenic variants of KCNQ (Kv7) channels. A patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy exhibited an in-frame deletion of histidine 260 on Kv7.2. Coexpression of Kv7.2 mutant (mut) subunits with Kv7.3 invoked a decrease in current density, a depolarizing shift in voltage for activation, and a decrease in membrane conductance. Biotinylation revealed an increased level of surface Kv7.2mut compared to Kv7.3 with no change in total membrane protein expression. Super-resolution and FRET imaging confirmed heteromeric channel formation and a higher expression density of Kv7.2mut. Cannabidiol (1 μM) offset the effects of Kv7.2mut by inducing a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage for activation independent of CB1 or CB2 receptors. These data reveal that the ability for cannabidiol to reduce the effects of a pathogenic Kv7.2 variant supports its use as a potential therapeutic to reduce seizure activity. A patient with epileptic encephalopathy exhibits a Kv7.2 deletion at H260 (Kv7.2mut) Kv7.2mut shows increased expression at the membrane compared to Kv7.3 Kv7.2mut acts in a dominant-negative manner to reduce Kv7 conductance Cannabidiol acts on Kv7.x activation voltage to offset the effects of Kv7.2mut
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhan
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chris Drummond-Main
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dylan Greening
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S W R Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - J P Appendino
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Pediatric Department, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - P Y Billie Au
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ray W Turner
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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25
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Effective Perturbations by Phenobarbital on INa, IK(erg), IK(M) and IK(DR) during Pulse Train Stimulation in Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081968. [PMID: 36009515 PMCID: PMC9405590 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PHB, Luminal Sodium®) is a medication of the barbiturate and has long been recognized to be an anticonvulsant and a hypnotic because it can facilitate synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system through acting on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors. However, to what extent PHB could directly perturb the magnitude and gating of different plasmalemmal ionic currents is not thoroughly explored. In neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells, we found that PHB effectively suppressed the magnitude of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) in a concentration-dependent fashion, with an effective IC50 value of 83 µM. The cumulative inhibition of INa, evoked by pulse train stimulation, was enhanced by PHB. However, tefluthrin, an activator of INa, could attenuate PHB-induced reduction in the decaying time constant of INa inhibition evoked by pulse train stimuli. In addition, the erg (ether-à-go-go-related gene)-mediated K+ current (IK(erg)) was also blocked by PHB. The PHB-mediated inhibition on IK(erg) could not be overcome by flumazenil (GABA antagonist) or chlorotoxin (chloride channel blocker). The PHB reduced the recovery of IK(erg) by a two-step voltage protocol with a geometrics-based progression, but it increased the decaying rate of IK(erg), evoked by the envelope-of-tail method. About the M-type K+ currents (IK(M)), PHB caused a reduction of its amplitude, which could not be counteracted by flumazenil or chlorotoxin, and PHB could enhance its cumulative inhibition during pulse train stimulation. Moreover, the magnitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) was inhibited by PHB, while the cumulative inhibition of IK(DR) during 10 s of repetitive stimulation was enhanced. Multiple ionic currents during pulse train stimulation were subject to PHB, and neither GABA antagonist nor chloride channel blocker could counteract these PHB-induced reductions. It suggests that these actions might conceivably participate in different functional activities of excitable cells and be independent of GABAA receptors.
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